Philippines - Environment monitor 2000

THE WORLD BANK 22192 March 2000 ENVIRONMENg"T MONITOR 2000 lt M E - ^ 0~~q nxnx X ~~~Wl .~~~~I w.-.''t' 4 4 __~~'4j   THE WORLD BANK July 2000 Country Office Manila 23rd Floor, The Taipan Place Emerald Avenue, Ortigas Center Pasig City, Philippines World Bank Group 1818 H Street N. W. Washington, D.C. Contents Preface .................................. 1 Abbreviations and Acronyms . .................................. 2 Acknowledgments .................................. 3 Environmental Scorecard - Trends and Indicators ........................ ..... 4 Environmental Sensitive areas and Hotspots .................................. 6 The Environment- A Wake-Up Call . ................................. 7 Brown Agenda .................................. 8 Air Pollution .................................. 8 Water Pollution .................................. 11 Solid and Hazardous Waste .......... ........................ 14 Policy Responses ................................... 16 Green Agenda .................................. 18 Land. .................................. 18 Forests .................................. 20 Protected Areas/Biodiversity .................................. 23 Policy Responses ................................... 25 Blue Agenda .................................. 27 Water Resources Management ....... ........................... 27 Coastal and Marine Resources ............ ...................... 29 Policy Responses .................................. 31 Global Issues and Policy Responses. .................................. 32 Donor Assistance .................................. 33 Environmental Institutions .................................. 34 Key Environmental Legislation. .................................. 35 Environmental Glossary .................................. 36 Philippines At A Glance .................................. 37 The Monitor was prepared by Messrs./Mmes. Anjali Acharya (Environmental Specialist), Bebet Gozun (Consultant), Patchamuthu Illangovan (Team Leader), Stefano Pagiola (Environmental Economist) and Maya Villaluz (Environmental Operations Officer). Agatha Ancheta and Pepito Sanchez did background research, and Katherin G. Golitzen provided editorial assistance. Fidelis Herrera-Lim coordinated production of this document. Jeffrey Lecksell was responsible for map design. TonyM. Maghirang and Horace Crowe were responsible for the layout and design of this document. Messrs./Mmes. John Dixon, Kirk Hamilton, Stefano Pagiola, and Claudia Sadoff of the Environmental Indicators Unit of the World Bank provided the initial framework for the Monitor. The team also acknowledges inputs and comments from Joven Balbosa, Dirk De Bruin, John Dixon, Bemard Funck, Leonora Gonzales, Ernesto Guiang, Kirk Hamilton, Heidi Hennrich-Hanson, David Howarth, Vijay Jagannathan, Aloysius Ordu, Luiz Tavares, and David Wheeler of the World Bank. The views expressed in the Philippines Environment Monitor are entirely those of the authors and should not be cited without prior permission. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank Group, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. The material contained herein has been obtained from sources believed reliable but it is not necessarily complete and cannot be guaranteed.   D eforestation and land degradation in the The information contained in the Monitor has been countryside, v ehicular air pollution and obtained from a variety of sources including published inadequate sanitation in urban areas stand out reports of government agencies, universities and as the most pressing environmental problems in the nongovernmental organizations, unpublished data from Philippines. Successive governments have recognized individuals and documents of the World Bank, Asian the economic, social and ecological importance of man- Development Bank and bilateral donor agencies. An aging the country's water, air and natural resources. But attempt has been made to create an Enironniental Score- first, a long legacv of poor environmental decisions must card for the Philippinies, which benchmarks some key be overcome. The nation has embarked on a number of indicators of production, consumption, pollution and ambitious initiatives and has aggressively developed ambient quality From the quality of data available, it is national legislation to back up its policy goals. Environ- clear that the Philippines must substantially build its mental priorities are most clearly articulated in the 1992 capacity to collect and maintain timely information of Philippine Strategy for Sustainable Development and the key environmental trends. This is important for the landmark 1997 publication Philippines Agenda 21, which government to translate the Philippines Agenda 21 describes the main thematic and spatial priorities. recommendations into credible and effective actions. To effectively implement these initiatives in For decision makers the Monitor is a useful tool accordance with environmental priorities, also that provides information in a single place and signals requires the analysis of environmental trends and the the importance of information in formulating policies setting of key indicators. The Environment Monitor and plans. For academicians and researchers, it gives a presents a snapshot of key environmental trends in the broad overview of problem areas. For civil society, it Philippines and is an outcome of a joint exercise presents an opportunity to engage in dialogue with involving national agencies, academia, civil society and other stakeholders; for donor agencies, it can indicate researchers in the Philippines and Bank staff in Manila the extent of environmental problems, and for students, and Washington. The Monitor was prepared in a par- it raises awareness of environmental issues. Overall, the ticipatory manner and a draft version was discussed at Monitor can serve to engage and inform stakeholders a well-attended stakeholders meeting on March 6, 2000. concerning environmental changes and challenges. Vinay Bhargava Zafer Ecevit Country Director, Philippines Director, Environment and Social Development The World Bank The World Bank 1  ADB Asian Development Bank BAS Bureau of Agricultural Statistics BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources BOD Biological Oxygen Demand BSWM Bureau of Soils and Water Management CFCs Chlorofluorohvdrocarbons CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species DA Department of Agriculture DAO Departmental Administrative Order DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DO Dissolved Oxygen DOH Department of Health DOTC Department of Transport and Communication DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EMB Environmental Management Bureau FMB Forestry Management Bureau ISO International Standards Organization JICA Japanese International Cooperation Agency LLDA Laguna Lake Development Authority LMB Land Management Bureau LGU Local Government Unit MCM million cubic meters MLD million liters per day MMDA Metro Manila Development Authority MPN Most Probable Number MWSS Manila Water Sewerage System NAMRIA National Mapping Resources Information Authority NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System NWRB National Water Resources Board ODS Ozone Depleting Substances PAMB Protected Area Management Board PD Presidential Decree SALT Sloping Agricultural Land Technologies THW Toxic and Hazardous Waste TLA Timber Licensing Agreements TSP Total Suspended Particulates WHO World Health Organization 2  This Monitor is a joint effort of several government agencies, private sector and civil society organizations at both the national and local levels. We acknowledge the valuable contributions of the following: Government Agencies: Department oJ Environment & Natural Resources (DENR)-Mario Rono, Maria Lourdes S. Sioson, Eriberto C. Argete, Romy Acosta, Juliet Texon, Monina M. Cunanan*, Amelia D.Supetran, Agnes L. Goze*, Claire Tena, Elvira Caparas DENR, EMPAS Region 7-Allan Arangue, Jun Villapan, Marivic Ricana; DENR Regioni 11-Clarence L. Baguilat, Flor Bongalo; DENR, NCR-Arnold Villados; Environmental Managemenit Bui-eau -Peter Anthony Abaya, Angelita T. Brabante, Cesar Siador, Jr., Geri Geronimo R. Safiez, Nicanor Mendoza, Eli Malano*, Leza A. Acorda*, Renato T. Cruz, Nolan B. Francisco, Margie Tumanlad; Protected Ar-eas & Wildlife Bur-eau-Reynaldo Bayabos, Carlo Custodio*, Angelita P Meniado^, Tess Blastique; Mines & Gcosciences Bureau-Edwin Domingo, Conrado Miranda, Michael Gabalga; National Mapping Resources Informationi Authority (NAMRIA)-Ricardo Bina*, Virgilio F Basa, Olivia R. Molina; Burcau of Soils & Water Management-Rogelio N. Concepcion, Salvacion C. Cas; Forest Maniagement Bureau- Ishmael H. Al Rashid, Mayumi Ma. Quintos, Dionisio Tolentino, Myla Vasquez, Nerie Laureano, Jesus A. Javier, Domingo Bacalla, Venia Rayola, Marieta Bal; Laguna Lake Development Authotity-Atty Joaquin Mendoza, Dolora N. Nepomuceno, Ceazar H. Natividad; National Water Resources Board-Dr. Lope R. Villenas; Philippine National Oil Corporation-Agnes C. De Jesus, Jo Rowena Garcia*, Norin Herona; Department of Energy-Zenaida Y. Monsada, Clarissa C. Cabacang, Elma T. Karunungan*; Fer-tilizer & Pesticide Authoritv-Cesar M. Drilon, Jr.; Bureau of AgricultuLal Statistics-Romeo S. Recide; Bureau of Fisheries & Aquatic Resour-ces-Malcolm Sarmiento, Marco F Carreon*; National Economic Development Authority-Liberty Guinto, Evan D. Emeranciana*, Susan Ortega*; Department of Science and Technologyl ITDI-Rey Esguerra, Aida Anzano; Department of Trade and Industiy-Domingo Bagaporo; Land Transportation Office (LTO)-Anggie Fadriguela, Susie Angeles; Land Bank of the Philippines-Moreno Panalba; Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP)-Marieto Enecio, Aurora C. Maghirang; Hlouse of Representatives-Nerius Acosta, Vibeth A. Amorinm; Senate of the Philippines-Cristina V Alvarez* Nongovernmental Organizations: RP DEV-Victor 0. Ramos* (formerly Secretary, DENR) Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement (PRRM)-Isagani R. Serrano* Philippine Businessfor Social Progress (PBSP)-Vic Dugan*; College of Science, University of the Philippines-Dr. Miguel D. Fortes*; Philippine Businessfor the Environment (PBE)-Lisa C. Antonio*; Bantay Kalikasan ABS-CBN Foundation-Marlo D. Mendoza*; Miriam PE.A.C.E, Environmental Education Center-Dr. Angelina Galang*; Philippine Councilfor Peace & Global Education (PCPGE), Assumption College-Sr. Luz Emmanuel Soriano*; Environmenltal Sciencefor Social Change, Inc.-Fr. Peter Walpole S J., Resi Marinas*, Marielle de Jesus*; Concerned Citizens Against Pollution-Jun Ellis Private sector: Gaia South, Inc.-Fulgencio S. Factoran Jr. (formerly Secretary, DENR) Industrial Initiativesfot- Sustainable Environment (IISE), EMB/DTI/USAID- Dr. Ramon Abracosa* Resources, Environment & Economics Centerfor Studies, Inc.-Dr. Marian de los Angeles Pasig River Rehabilitation Council-Jorgen Schwartz*, Andy Santiago* Aquagem Consultants Inc.-Grace Favila* Maynilad Water Services, Inc.-Francisco A. Arellano* * Attended the Stakeholders Consultative Meeting, March 6, 2000.  - - - ,, - ,' - - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~I V Declining forest cover *Average annual deforestation rate slowed from 300,000 | Population pressure ha per year in 1970s to 1 00,000 ha per year in 1990s a Incorrect policies