China - Second Jianxi Highway Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 9 of 14) : Tangjiang-Dongshanzhen road : environmental impact assessment (second edition)

E-425 VOL. 9 Project With Loans From the World Bank GHK2000-33 People's Republic of China World Bank Financed Jiangxi NO.2 Road Project Rural Roads Improvement Program ( RRIP ) TANGJIANG-DONGSHANZHEN ROAD (RRIP4) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT (SECOND EDITION) Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute State Environmental Assessment Certificate Grade A No.2303 Entrusted by Jiangxi High-Speed Highway Investment & Development Company Ltd December, 2000  Project With Loans From the World Bank GHK2000-33 People's Republic of China World Bank Financed Jiangxi NO.2 Highway Project Rural Roads Improvement Program (RRIP) Tangjiang-Dongshan Road (RRIP 4) Environmental Impact Assessment Report (Second Edition) Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute State Environmental Assessment Certificate Grade A No. 2303 Entrusted by Jiangxi High-Speed Highway Investment & Development Company Ltd December, 2000  People's Republic of China World Bank Financed Jiangxi NO.2 Highway Project Rural Roads Improvement Program (RRIP) Tangjiang-Dongshan Road (RRIP 4) Environmental Impact Assessment Report (Second Edition) Compiler: Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute. Director: He Jili Senior Engineer Chief Engineer: Wan Liangbi Senior Researcher Technical Review: Cheng Longting Senior Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 085031 Project Leader: He Jili Senior Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 085001 Participants: Yang Jun Assistant Engineer [(ES)Qualification Certificate No. 112091 Chen Kai Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 085011 Hu Xiaohua Senior Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 087151 Huang Jingming Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 084991 Xie Daomou Assistant Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 112101 Implementer of Monitoring: Ganzhou Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station Entrusted by Jiangxi High-Speed Highway Investment & Development Company Ltd 2  CONTENT Preface Chapter One General Description 1.1 Purpose of Assessment ................................... 2 1.2 Bases for Compilation ................................... 2 1.3 Scope of Assessment & Assessment Factors ................................................... 3 1.4 Class of Assessment Work ................................... 4 1.5 Periods to Be Covered by This Assessment ................................... 4 1.6 Criteria of Assessment ................................... 4 1.7 Major Objectives Under Environmental Protection ........................................ 6 1.8 Methods of Assessment ........................................ 7 Chapter Two Project Description 2.1 Significance of the Project ........................................ 8 2.2 Run of the Route and Major Controlling Points ........................................ 8 2.3 Size of Construction, Major Technical-Economic Index, and Engineering Works ............8..................... 8 2.4 Description of Highway Engineering ........................................... 9 2.5 Projected Traffic Volume .................................................. 11 2.6 Construction Materials to Be Obtained Locally ............................................... 12 2.7 Estimates of Investment & Schedule of Construction Progress ............................. 12 2.8 Environmental Impact Analyses of Construction Work ...................................... 12 Chapter Three Environmental Survey & Assessment 3. 1 Natural Environment .............................................. 14 3.2 Survey & Assessment of Existing Ecological Environment ................................. 15 3.3 Investigation & Assessment of Existing Air Environment ................................... 17 3.4 Assessment of Existing Acoustic Environment ............................................... 17 3.5 Investigation & Review of Status Quo of Water & Soil Erosion ................. 19 3.6 Investigation and Comments on Current Social Environment .............................. 20 Chapter 4 Prediction &Assessment of Environmental Impact 4.1 Prediction & Assessment of the Impact on Ecological Environment ....................... 23 4.2 Prediction & Assessment of Acoustic Environmental Impact .............................. 24 4.3 Prediction & Assessment of Ambient Air .................................................... 29 4.4 Analyses of the Impact on Water Environment ............................................... 32 4.5 Prediction & Analysis of Impact of Water & Soil Erosion ................................. 34 4.6 Review of Impact on Social Environment ................................................. 36 4.7 Environmental Impact from Building Materials Excavation and Transport and Its Mitigation Measures ..........................3...............8....... 38 4.8 Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures ................................... 39 5  Chapter 5 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Environmental Impacts 5.1 Assessment of Project Benefit ............................................... 46 5.2 The Estimates of Environmental Protection Investment .................................... 46 5.3 Cost-Benefit Assessment of Environment Economy ......................................... 47 Chapter 6 Public Participation 6.1 Investigation of Public Participation ............................................... 49 6.2 Content & Result of Investigation ............................................... 52 6.3 Public Opinion & Suggestions ............................................... 52 6.4 Publication and Feedback of Information ............................................... 53 6.5 Conclusion of Public Participation ............................................... 53 Chapter 7 Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan 7.1 Environmental Management Plan ............................................... 55 7.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan ............................................... 56 Chapter 8 Conclusion of Assessment 8.1 Ecological Environment ............................................... 59 8.2 Water Environment ............................................... 59 8.3 Acoustic Environment ................... , , ,, 59 8.4 Environmental Air ................. 59 8.5 Social Environment ................. 59 Appendix Attaclhed Figurel. Geographical Position of Project Site Attached Figure 2.Route Run and Environmental Monitoring Spots Distribution Attached Figure3. Field Plan for Environmental Monitoring Spots Distribution  Preface Jiangxi Province will construct Jiangxi No.2 Highway ( the Taihe-Ganzhou Section of Gan-Yue Expressway) with the loans from the World Bank. This will contribute to the completion of the major frame for the provincial highway network. In order to enhance the function of this major framework-, Tangjiang-Dongshan Road ( RRIP 4 ), as a component of the four Rural Roads Improvement Program ( RRIP), is also included in this project as a linking road upgrading subproject. The Research & Design Institute of Jiangxi Provincial Highway Administration finished the feasibility research report for this project in May, 2000. According to the requirements of Rtules Concerning Environmental Protection Management for Construction Projects (State Council Decree No. 253) and Methods Concerning Elnvironnmental Protection Managemenit for Traffic Construiction Projects , Jiangxi High-Speed Highway Investment & Development Company Ltd entrusted Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute (JPEPRI)with the environmental impact assessment (EIA)work for the linking road subproject of Jiangxi No. 2 Highway Upgrading Project (JN2HUP) with loans from the World Bank in September, 2000. Accordingly, with the cooperation and support of the local governments along the route and other parts concerned as well as the designers, the EIA team from Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute (JPEPRI) made detailed study on the project feasibility research report, and made field survey along the entire route. Based on the findings of careful field work on the environmental status quo and the major objectives of environmental protection along the route as well as other related data collected from a variety of sources, the EIA team has completed the compilation of the environmental impact assessment. Based on this EIA Outline, the EIA team made detailed investigation and arranged relevant environmental monitoring along the route, and made analyses and prediction of the environmental impacts arising from the highway both in construction and operation periods, upon which corresponding measures and schemes were set forward for the abatement of the unfavorable environmental impact and pollution. By the end of October, 2000, the first edition of the EIA report was completed., and reviewed by the Pre-Appraisal Mission for Jiangxi No. 2 Highway Project in Nanchang City from November 12 to November 18, 2000. According to the comments and requirements from the mission, the EIA team of JPEPRI has revised and supplemented the first edition of the EIA report and completed its second edition. l  Chapter One General Description 1.1 Purpose of Assessment Highway construction is of developing activity which exerts far-reaching influence on society and economy. Since it will have strong impact on the natural and social environments both in the construction and operation periods, the interaction between the project implementation and environmental protection should be carefully handled. This EIA work is intended to have the following aims: 1. Analyses, predictions and assessments will be made both qualitatively and quantitatively of the social-economic and environmental status quo along the route and the scope and extent of future impact; the implementation of the highway construction and the selection of optimal route possible will be reviewed and examined in terms of environmental protection. 2. Feasible proposals for environmental protection or improvement measures and strategies will be made to the designers and constructors of this project so as to minimize the negative impact of this project on environment. 3. The implementation plan will be worked out for the environmental management both during the construction and operation periods, which can also serve as helpful information and scientific data for the economic development, urban development and environmental plans of the areas along the route. 1.2 Bases for Compilation 1. The Environnmental Protection Law of the People s Republic of China (December 26, 1989); 2. The Water & Soil Conservation Law of the People s Republic of China (June 29, 1991); 3. The LandAdministration Law of the People s Republic of China (August 29, 1998); 4. The Lawv Concerning the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution, the People s Republic of China (October 29, 1996); 5. The Law Concerning the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, the People s Republic of China (May 15,1995); 6. The Law Concerning the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, the People s Republic of China (December 29, 1995); 7. The Law Concerning the Prevention and Control of Solid-Waste Pollution, the People s Republic of China (October 30, 1995); 8. The Cultural Relics Protection Law of People s Repuiblic of China (November, 19,1982) 9. The Highlvay Law of the People s Republic of China (July 3, 1997); 10. The Administrative Rules for the Environmental Protection of Construction Projects (The State Council Decree No. 253, November 18, 1998); 11 The Methods for Environmental Protection Management of Traffic Construction Projects (the Minister's Ordinance of the Ministry of Communication No. 17, 1990); 12. A Notice on Strengthening the EIA work for Construiction Project with Loans from International Financial Institutions, Document [1993] NO.324, Jointly issued by NEPA, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the People's Bank of China. 13. The World Bank Operation Manual (OP/BP/GB 4.01, March 1999) 2  14. The Technical Guicdelines for Environmental Impact Assessnment (The National Environmental Protection Agency, HJ/T2. 1-2.3 -1993, HJ/T2.4-1995, HJ/T 19-1997); 15. The Classified Managerial Items of Environmental Protection for Construction Projects (Provisional) [The National Environmental Protection Agency, Huanfa No. 99, 1999]; 16. The Guidelines of Environmental Impact Assessment for Highwvay Construction Projects (Provisional) [The Ministry of Communication, JT J005-96]; 17. The Rules of Environmental Protection for Construction Projects in Jiangxi Province (April 29,1995); 18. The Letter of A ttorney for Environmental Impact Assessment; 19. The Project Feasibility Research Report of the Rural Road Improvemenprogram (the upgrading of the road section from Tangjiang-Dongshan, a subproject of Jiangxi No. 2 Highway Project), compiled by Research & Design Institute of Gan Nan Highway Administration, in April, 2000.- 20. Outline of EIA of Tangjiang-Dongshan Rural Road Improvement Program- a linking road upgrading subproject of Jiangxi NO.2 Highway Project with Loans from the World Bank ( Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute,Oct.,2000). 21.. The Letter on Approval of the Environmental Standards Implemented in the EIA of Tangjiang-Dongshan Highway Improvement Progran, Ganzhou-Fengzhou Highway of Jiangxi No. 2 Highway Projects. ( Gan Shi Huan Jian Bian Zi No. 7, 2000) 1.3. Scope of Assessment & Assessment Factors 1.3.1. Scope of Assessment In view of the features of EIA of highway construction project and practical experience as well as the natural environment characteristics of the areas along the projected route, the scope of this EIA is shown in Table 1.3-1. Table 1.3-1 Scope of EIA of Ganzhou-Fengzhou Highway Upgrading Project Code Envirornent Scope of Assessment Factor Acoustic The area within a 200m radium from the central line of the road and its Enviromnent sensitive spots(These limits can be appropriately extended at some major sensitive spots such as urban areas, schools and hospitals. 2 Ambient Air The area within a 200m radium from the central line of the road and its sensitive spots(These limits can be appropriately extended at some major sensitive spots such as urban areas, schools and hospitals. 3 Ecological The area within a 200m radium from the central line of the road; earth Environment borrowing & dumping sites and quarries concerned 4 Social The sensitive spots within a 200m radium from the central line of the Environment road such as residential areas, schools, hospitals and cultural remains; the area directly influenced by the highway as is defined in the report _ _____________ of the feasibility research 5 Water Environment Water bodies within a 200 radium from the central line of the road. 1.3.2. Assessment Factors In accordance with The Guidelines of Environmental Impact Assessment for Highway Constr uction Projects and the analyses of the pollution sources in this project, the following factors are selectedfor this assessment: 1. Social Environment: traffic & transport, socioeconomic development, land use; 3  2. Ecological Environment: land occupancy, damage to crop and vegetation; 3. Water & soil Preservation: borrowing and dumping of earth & stonework, amount of soil erosion; 4. Acoustic Environment: traffic noise Laeq, environmental noise Laeq. 5.. Ambient Air: dust, TSP, pitch smoke. 1.4. Class of Assessment Work In accordance with the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93, HJ/T2.4-1995, HJ/T19-1997), the class of assessment determined for each item is shown in Table 1.4-1; the review of social environment will follow the requirements of Rules of EIA for Highway Construction Project (Provisional, JTJ005-96). Table 1.4-1 Determination of Class for ParticularAssessment Items Item Criteria Class of Assessment Acoustic There is obvious increase in noise( Lacq)after the construction Class 2 Envirounuent Ambient Air The landform is comparatively simple; the equivalent Class 3 discharge is comparatively small. Ecological The limits of influence are smaller than 50k in2; the reduction Class 3 Environment of biomass is less than 50%; little influence on the I bio-diversity. 1.5. Periods to Be Covered by This Assessment The periods to be covered by this assessment include the construction period, and operation period; according to forecast year limit of traffic volume in the Report of the Project Feasibility Research, the operation period is further divided into the initial period (2003) , the middle period (2016) and the long-term period (2022), which will also be respectively covered by this assessment. 1.6. Criteria of Assessment Based on the The Letter on Approval of the Environmental Standards Implemented in the EIA of Tangjiang-Dongshan Highway Improvement Program, Ganizhou-Fengzhou Highway of Jiangxi No. 2 Highway Projects. ( Gan Shi Huan Jian Bian Zi No. 7, 2000), the following standard will be followed for this assessment: I. Water Environment: the main surface water system in the project-affected area is Shangyou River. Based on the quality of the surface water bodies along the projected route and their functional requirements, Grade III of the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water(GHZB 1-1999) will be adopted for the assessment of surface water quality, except for the assessment of SS, which will apply Grade I of the Water Quality Standardfor Cropland Irrigation (GB5084-92). (See Table 1.6-1) 4  Table 1.6-1 Criteria for the Assessment of Water Environment Unit: mg/L (except for the assessment of pH) Item pH CODCr Oil SS Note GHZB 1-1999 Grade I of the Water Grade 1-1999 Limi6.5-8.5 < 20 <0.05 <150 2uality Standard for Grade III Limits 'ropland Imgation GB5084-92) will be GB 8978-1999 6-9 100 5 70 dopted for the assessment Grade I Limits FSS. 2. Acoustic environment: The Noise Limits For Construction Site Border (GB12523-90, See Table 1.6-2) will be adopted for acoustic environment assessment of construction period; A Reply Concerning the Issues about the Standards of Environmental Noise Applied in EJA of Highway Construction (State Environmental Protectioni Bureau HuanHan No.46,1999) will be adopted for the operation period; Grade IV of En7vironmmental Noise Standards for Urban Areas (GB3096-93) will be adopted for the assessment of the concentration of residential areas along either side of the route and the buildings directly facing the rdad; in accordance with the requirements from the expert from the World bank, Grade I of GB3096-93 will be adopted for the environmental noise outside the classroom ( See Table 1.6-3). 3. Ambient Air: Grade II of the Standardfor Ambient Air Quality (BG3095-1996, See Table 1.6-4) is adopted for the assessment of air quality; Comprehensive Standardfor the Emission of Atmospheric Pollutants for the assessment of pitch smoke(See Table 1.6-4). Table 1.6-2 The Limits of Noise Value For Construction Site Border (GB12523-90) Unit: Leq (dB) Limit of Noise value Construction Period Major Noise Sources Dayime Night earth & stone workL Bulldozer, excavator, loader, 75 55 l __________________________ and so on piling Pile driver of various kind 85 Forbidden structure Concrete mixer and vibrator, 70 55 electric saw | decoration Crane, Lift 65 55 Table 1.6-3 The Limits of Noise Value For Operation Period(abstract) Unit: Leq(dB) Index Daytime Night Grade I of GB 3096-93 55 45 Grade IV of GB 3096-93 60 50 Table 1.6-4 Assessment Standard forAir Quality( Abstract) Unit: mg/ ml pollutant TSP NOx Concentration limits Day mean 0.30 0.10 In Grade II of GB Hour mean 0.15 3095-1996 5  Table 1.6-5 Emission Standard of Pitch Smoke(New Pollution Source) (Abstract) Poll.tan Productio tecUpper limits of Limits of concentration for emission mg/ m3 unorganized emission Pitch Smoke Melting and stirring pitch 40-75 No obvious unorganized mission is allowed 1.7 Major Objectives Under Environmental Protection According to the field investigation on the environment along the route, the major objectives of environmental protection are determined as shown in Table 1.7-1. Sensitive spots of environmental protection are shown in table 1.7-2. Table 1.7-1 Major Objectives under Environmental Protection Environ Factor Objective of Stake No. Of typical Environmental Factor of Impact protection Section Feature Crop K22+600-K24+000 Paddy field Land requisitioned for K27+700-K29+500 road construction, Ecological Woods K43-K46 Pine, fir excavation & filling of Environment roadbed Water & soil K35+50-K41+500 Hilly land Filling work & Conservation K43+450-K46+000 excavation Earth borrowing & Hill and hilly Earth borrowing & dumping sites land dumping Wetland Non-existent Wildlife Non-existent conservation zone Rivers, channels, k35-k41 The Shangyou Construction of Water irrigation River, bridge foundation, Environment systems, ponds Ponds, and Surface runoffs in irrigation operation period; systems Earthwork filling & excavation Acoustic & social 2 primary schools Detailed in Ambient air and Construction noise Environments, and 20 residential Table 1.7-2 acoustic &flying dust, traffic Ambient Air areas sensitive spots noise and waste gas within 2U0m of exhaust pipes radium of the road central line Table 1.7-2 Environmental Sensitive pots along the Route Distance from the Families to be No. Stake No. Village Central line of the affected Road (m) 1 K18+100-K19+100 Pingtian Through 50 2 K20+800-K21+700 Batou At the left side 30. 3 K22+400-K22+500 Qiuwu,Tangshan Through 43 4 K23+800-K24+600 Luowu Through 47 5 K25+000-k}25+400 Shhibigiu At the right side 30 6 K25+600-K26+100 Laowuchang Through 45 7 K26+700 Tuwu At the left side 8 8 K27+300-K27+650 Wuwu Through 21 9 K28+800-k29+850 Hewu At the left side 36 10 K30+000-K30+600 Xiaping Through 59 11 K30+600-K30+800 Xiaping Through 45 12 K31+600-K32+100 Duanshang At the right side 44 13 K32+400-K32+800 Changtangmian Through 22 6  14 K33+1006-k33+200 Tiantou Through 30 15 K34+300-K35+100 Laoshuzui Through 67 16 K37+000-K37+200 Xinhualuobian Through 12 17 K39+000-K39+300 Dahui Through 17 18 K40+200-K40+600 Dabu Through 19 19 K42+000-K42+800 Huangbu Through 300 20 K42+800 Huangsha Middle By the left 15 8 classes,27 teachers,440 chool students 21 K45+080-K46+900 Beitian Through 100 22 K46+900 3eitian Primary By the right 20 5 classes,8 teachers, _____ ____ ichool 150 students Notes: Whether it is left or right is determined by the direction from Tangjiang to Dongshan Town. 1.8. Methods of Assessment This project is a large-scale linear developing project , which involves many sensitive spots and a long run of route, and influences a large area.. In view of this, the assessment work will be concentrated on some sensitive spots and typical sections so as to reflect the true condition of the route as a whole. 1. Section assessment: According to the information provided by the Report of the Project Feasibility Research about the environmental features such as the predicted traffic volume, the engineering works, the topography, and the meteorology, analyses and assessments will be made correspondingly. 2. Modulus-prediction methods will be employed to analyze and estimate the acoustic environment in the operation period, while a combination of investigation, analogy and model-prediction will be used to assess the ecological , air and water environment and the condition of soil erosion.; investigation and analyses will be used to assess aquatic environment, social environment, quality of life and public participation. 3. The major objectives of environmental protection will be assessed individually. 7  Chapter Two Project Description 2.1 Significance of the Project The Ganzhou-Fengzhou Highway (NO.339 Provincial Highway) is both the main channel leading from Ganzhou, Jiangxi province to Rucheng County of Hunan Province, and the main channel by which the south underdeveloped region of Jiangxi Province gets economic connections with the outside. The existing road is of low grade and bad road surface, which greatly limits the economic development in areas along the road. At the same time, the radiating role of highway cannot be brought into full play. Therefore, the upgrading of old road or construction of linking road is quite necessary. The proposed highway construction is significant in the following aspects. 1. It will further improve the communication conditions and investment environment of the south region of Jiangxi Province, so as to accelerate the economic construction of the underdeveloped region along the route. 2. It will fit in with the needs of highway network construction of Jiangxi Province and increase traffic volume, so as to greatly raise the passing capacity of vehicles. At the same time. it will meet the needs of national defense. 3. It will accelerate the development of tourism resources. 2.2 Run of the Route and Major Controlling Points The proposed highway starts at Gan-feng Road (K17+800), Where Cixikou, Tangjiang Town of Nankang City is located, the start point of Ganzhou Linking Road of Gan-Yue Expressway (KO+000), via Tangjiang Town, Longhua Township and Huangbu Township of Shangyou County, finally ends at Ganzhou end (K46+517.57) of Shuinan Bridge of Dongshan Town, Shangyou County. The total length is 28.71757km. (Detailed route is shown in Attached Figure 2). 2.3 Size of Construction, Major Technical-Economic Index, and Engineering Works The proposed highway will be constructed according to the following standard; the horizontal and longitudinal lines will be shaped according to Grade II highway standard; the designed speed is 80km/h; roadbed and road surface will be designed and reconstructed according to Grade II highway standard, roadbed width 12m, road surface width 9m; asphalt/crushed stone road surface; width of bridges and culverts is the same as that of roadbed. The major technical-economic index and construction items are illustrated in Table 2.3-1. 8  Table 2.3-1 Major Technical-Economic Index and Quantity of Construction Items ITEM OF INDEX UNIT INDEX/QUANTIT REMARKS V 1. Basic Index Highway Grade Grade Grade 11 Designed Speed Km/hour 80 Designed Traffic Volume Vehicle/day 3937 Year 2016 Land to be occupied mu 461.76 Estimated investment 10000 RMB 8149.49 Yuan Average costAkm 10000 RMB 283.78 Yuan/ km 2. Route Total mileage length km 28.71757 3. Roadbed & pavement Width of roadbed . m 12 Earth & stone work of 1000 m3 509.901 roadbed Average earth & stone works 1000 ml 17.756 per km Roadbed drainage m3 40645 & protection works 4. Bridge & Culvert _ Designed load Motorcar-20; trailer- 100 Nct widtli of bridge surface m 12 Large bridge m/place 206.5/1 Medium bridge mn/place 35/1 Small bridge rn/place 135/6 Culvert unit 172 l 5. cross of route Plane intersection unit 9 Notes: These data are derived from the Project Feasibility Research Report by Jiangxi Gannan Highway Survey & Design Instituite, April, 2000. 2.4. Description of Highway Engineering 2.4.1 Roadbed 2.4.1.1 Roadbed Scheme I. Width of Roadbed Class II highway standard will be adopted for the project. Roadbed width is 12m, road surface width 9m and road shoulder 1.5m. 2. Designed elevation of roadbed: the elevation of roadbed central line before upgrading will be adopted for the elevation of the project, along the flooded section it should be 0.5m higher than the water level of designed flood frequency of 1/50 +0.5m safe height + lifting value of road arch. 3. Road horizontal slope: 1.5% for vehicle lane; 3% for earth shoulder; 4. Embankment side slope: Generally, the side slope of fill is 1:1.5; when the height of fill section is more than 20m, side slope within 8.0 m from the top shall be designed 1:1.5 and the 9  side slope at the bottom shall be 1: 1.75, and 1.Orm wide berm shall be built in the middle of slope at the interval of 8m. for the height of embankment is above 20m , the stability coefficient for the side slope should be tested and calculated and it can not be lower than 1 .25m. 5. Cutting side slope: The side slope of earth excavation is designed according to the height of side slope, the earth texture, density and moisture, and the status of underground water and surface water; when the height is less than 20m, slope of 1: 0.3-1:1 is adopted; when the height is between 20-30m, 1:0.2-1:1.5 is adopted. The side slope of stone excavation is designed according to the height of side slope, rock types and the weathering extent, and the status of underground water and surface water. When the height of side slope is less than 20m, slope of 1:0.1-1:1.25 is adopted and when it is between 20-30m, 1:0.2-1:5 is adopted and a drainage trench platform is arranged in the middle of the side slope at 8m interval. 2.4.1.2 Roadbed protection and drainage The fill side slope of submerged roadbed will be protected in the following way; retaining wall or grouted rubble is adopted for the slope protection of the part below the designed water level, sod pavement or other method is applied to the part above the designed water level. Rubble grouted protection wall should be arranged in excavation sections of crushed stone surface, and in road sections of unstable mountain slope, cutting wall and mountainous slope wall should be arranged. In order to keep the stability of the roadbed and road surface and prevent the water ponds on the surface from influencing the vehicle driving, relatively complete drainage system shall be adopted for the project. Side ditches, berms, chutes shall be designed for the filling section, cut-off ditches, side ditches, drop well and chutes shall be built for the section where underground water is exposed. Underground ditches, blind ditches and seepage ditches shall be designed for the section where water level is high. All these form a drainage system to let all kind of water in the project or near the project to the natural rivers. Mortared rubble protection will be designed for the section that is often flooded in a year or the erosion is very serious. 2.4.2. Road surface The road surface is designed with axle load of double-wheel single axle (IOOKN) as the standard axle load: (1) Running lane: Asphalt-grouted surface 4 cm thick; cement-stabilized bedding 1 8 cm thick; bedding course of natural sand and gravel or stone dregs 20 cm thick (2) road shoulder: earth shoulder shall be adopted for the project. 2.4.3. Bridges and Culverts (1) Standard of design Designed load: Motorcar-20, trailer-100, Width of large and medium bridges: net-9+2 X 1.5m(sidewalk), small bridge and culvert same as the width of the roadbed; Designed frequency of flood: 1/100 for big and medium bridges, 1/50 for small bridges and culverts; The whole route is located in the zone with earthquake intensity equal to or less than 6 10  ,thus no earthquake resistant measures are taken for bridges/culverts/structures along the route. (2) Form of structure and cross-section 1) The width of middle/small bridges is the same as that of roadbed, and the outside edge should be consistent with the road edge. 2)The structure form should be determined according to the principle of "obtain raw materials on the spot, suitable measures to local conditions". Pre-stressing concrete hollow slab bridge or reinforced concrete bridge are the better choices for middle/small bridges; and stone arch culvert, pipe culvert and steel and concrete slab culvert being better choices for culverts. 2.4.4. Road- Cross Work The grade crossing is used for intersections of the projected highway ( Grade II highway) with other provincial and county roads. The methods of grade crossing are to be used, and corner lane ,divergent turning lane ,and safety islands will be adopted according to grade, traffic volume of the roads to be intersected.. 2.4.5. Traffic Safety Management In order to guarantee the driving safety and traffic management in the operation period, complete and necessary safety and management facilities should be arranged along the route. (1) Traffic Safety Facility:Protective fence will be installed where the road bank is high, and bridge lead, sharp curves and steep slopes occur. Warning signs and reflective facilities will be arranged along where visibility is low and crosses occur at sharp curves. (2) Traffic management facilities: Necessary and complete signs and sign lines such as warning, prohibiting, instruction ,direction showing etc. should be arranged along the entire route, for which luminous signs and sign lines are adopted. (3) Management Lodging: Improve the existing crossing keeper' houses. In 2 locations of Nankang and Shangyou, keeper's house will be built or upgraded. 2.4.6 Plan for resettlement This project involves resettlement of local residents and the first draft of the corresponding plan has been worked out. 2.5 Projected Traffic Volume The projected traffic volume for this project is shown in Table 2.5-1. Table 2.5-1 Projected Traffic Volume Unit: Vehicle(Medium)/day (Converted into medium-size vehicles) Unit: vehicle/day Year Traffic Volume Total Passenger car Freight car 2003 1333 533 800 2016 3937 2362 1575 2022 5882 4117 1765 Notes: These data are derived from the Project Feasibility Research Report by Jiangxi Gannan Highway Survey & Design Institute, April, 2000. 11  2.6 Construction Materials to Be Obtained Locally The stones along the route are mainly red sandstone, bibley-rock and aleutite. Quarries are available in villages and towns along the route, and the stones are easy to be explored and collected. As the route is running along. Shangyou River, middle-size and big-size sand can be procured directly from sand sites along the route. The transportation is very convenient. 2.7 Estimates of Investment & Schedule of Construction Progregs 2.7.1 Estimate of investment and raising of funds The total investment is 8149.49X 104 RMByuan, among which 1897.5 X 104yuan are prepared by local governments for house demolition, resettlement and earthwork/stonework, domestic loan is 4620.OX 104 yuan, loan from the World Bank is 1632.0X 104 yuan. 2.7.2 Schedule of construction progress The construction work of this project is planned to start in January 2001 and be completed by the end of 2002, the period of construction is 2 years. 2.8 Environmental Impact Analyses of Construction Work 2.8.1 Construction period 1. Sources of noise: During the construction period, the major noise sources are the construction machinery such as bulldozers, rollers, loaders, levelers, excavators, spreaders, generators, and mixers. While these machines are working, their noise can reach 90-98 dB at a distance of 5 meters. Such explosive noise sources will cause relatively serious unfavorable influence on the construction workers and local residents. 2. Sources of air pollution: During the construction period, dust pollution is the dominating air pollution. The transport, loading and unloading of construction materials and the process of mixing will cause large quantity of dust and fine powder to spread to the surrounding atmosphere; wind may cause dust pollution in the storing sites of construction materials. In addition, as asphalt road surface is adopted in this project, the asphalt smoke arising of the process of asphalt melting and stirring will have a certain influence on the surrounding air. 3. Pollution of water environment: I) Water pollution arising from leakage of oil from construction machinery and the oil of exposed construction machinery washed off by rain water; 2) Sewage and wastes from labor camp on the construction site ,especially on the construction sites of bridges, will have a certain effect on the surrounding water body; 3) Pollutants arising out of the construction materials washed away by rains will pollute the surrounding water body.. 4. Impact on ecological environment 1) The excavation and filling of roadbed will cause damage to the vegetation, the appropriation of crop land, and the exposure of surface soil will affect partial local ecological streucture. The exposed ground surface will be eroded by rains, which may lead to the deterioration of the soil fertility and affect the stability of local hydrology and land ecology. 2) The change , removal or fill of existing irrigation trenches entailed by the project will 12  Chapter Three Environmental Survey & Assessment 3.1 Natural Environment 3.1.1 Geographical position The road section of Tanjiang-Dongshan Town is situated in the middle and low hilly area within Gannan. The geographical coordinate is 1140 31'-114