China - Second Jianxi Highway Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 7 of 14) : Yutian-Xinjiang road : environemntal impact assessment (second edition)

E-425 VOL. 7 Project With Loans From the World Bank GHK2000-31 People's Republic of China World Bank Financed Jiangxi NO.2 Road Project Rural Roads Improvement Program ( RRIP) YUTIAN-XINJIANG ROAD ( RRIP2 ) ENVIONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT (SECOND EDITION) Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute State Environmental Assessment Certificate Grade A No.2303 Entrusted by Jiangxi High-Speed Highway Investment & Development Company Ltd December, 2000  Project With Loans From the World Bank GHK2000-31 People's Republic of China World Bank Financed Jiangxi NO.2 Road Project Rural Roads Improvement Program (RRIP) Yutian - Xinjiang Road (RRIP 2) Environmental Impact Assessment Report (Second Edition) Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute State Environmental Assessment Certificate Grade A No. 2303 Entrusted by Jiangxi High-Speed Road Investment & Development Company Ltd December, 2000  People's Republic of China World Bank Financed Jiangxi NO.2 Road Project Rural Roads Improvement Program (RRIP) Yutian - Xinjiang Road (RRIP 2) Environmental Impact Assessment Report (Second Edition) Compiler: Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute Director: He Jili Senior Engineer Chief Engineer: Wan Liangbi Senior Researcher Technical Review: Cheng Longting Senior Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 08503] Project Leader: He Jili Senior Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 08500] Participants: Huang Jingming Senior Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 08499] Chen Kai Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 08501] Hu Xiaohua Senior Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 08715] Xie Daomou Assistant Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 11210] Yang Jun Assistant Engineer [(ES) Qualification Certificate No. 112091 Implementor of Monitoring: Ji-an Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station Entrusted by Jiangxi High-Speed Road Investment & Development Company Ltd  Contents Preface Chapter One General Description 1.1 Purpose of Assessment .................................. 2 1.2 Bases for Compilation ...................................; 2 1.3 Scope of Assessment, Assessment Factors .................................. 3 1.4 Class of Assessment Work .................................. 4 1.5 Periods to Be Covered by This Assessment .................................. 4 1.6 Criteria of Assessment .................................. 4 1.7 Major Objectives Under Environmental Protection ........................... 5 1.8. Methods of Assessment ........................................ 6 Chapter Two Project Description 2.1 Significance of the Project ........................................ 7 2.2 Run of the Route and Major Controlling Points ............................... 7 2.3 Size of Construction, Major Technical-Economic Index, and Engineering Works ........................................ 7 2.4 Description of Engineering Works ........................................ 8 2.5 Projected Traffic Volume ........................................ 10 2.6 Construction Materials to Be Obtained Locally ................10 .............. I 0 2.7 Estimates of Investment & Schedule of Construction Progress ............. I 1 2.8 Environmental Impact Analyses of Construction Work ...................... 11 Chapter Three Environmental Survey 3.1 Natural Environment ........................................................ 13 3.2 Present State of Ecological Environment:Investigation and Commentary..14 3.3 Assessment of Existing Air Quality ............................................. 16 3.4 Assessment of Existing Acoustic Environment ................................ 16 3.5 Investigation & Review of Status Quo of Water & Soil Erosion ........... 18 3.6 Investigation and Comments on Current Social Environment .............. 19 Chapter Four Environmental Impact Prediction &Assessment 4.1 Estimation on the effects on the ecological environment ................... 21 4.2 Acoustic Environmental Impact Prediction & Assessment ................. 22 4.3 Prediction & Assessment of Ambient Air ..................................... 27 4.4 Analyses of the Impact on Water Environment .............................. 30 l  4.5 Prediction & Analysis of Impact of Water & Soil Erosion .................. 32 4.6 Review of Impact on Social Environment ...................................... 34 4.7 Environmental Impact from Building Materials Excavation and Transport and Its Mitigation Measures ............................................... 35 4.8 Environmental Impact Mvitigation Measures .................................. 36 Chapter Five Cost-Benefit Analysis of Environmental Impacts 5.1 Assessment of Project Benefit ............................................... 44 5.2 The Estimates of Environmental Protection Investment .................... 44 5.3 Cost-Benefit Assessment of Environment Economy ........................ 45 Chapter Six Public Participation 6.1 Investigation of Public Participation .......................................... 47 6.2 Public Opinion & Suggestions ............................................... 50 6.3 Information Disclosures and Feedback ....................................... 51 6.3 Conclusion of Public Participation ............................. 51 Chapter Seven Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan 7.1 Environmental Management Plan ............................. 53 7.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan ............................. 54 Chapter Eight Conclusion of Assessment 8.1 Ecological Environment ............................. 56 8.2 Acoustic Environment ............................. 56 8.3 Ambient Air ............................. 56 8.4 Social Environment Appendix ............................. 57 Attached Figurel. Geographical Position of Project Site Attached Figure 2.Route Run and Environmental Monitoring Spots Distribution Attached Figure3. Field Plan for Environmental Monitoring Spots Distribution 2  Preface Yutian-Xinjiang Road is situated within the territory of Suichuan County. The road starts at Yutian Town beside No.105 State Road, only 12km away from Gan-Yue Expressway; runs through 4 villages or towns of Yutian, Hengling, Yaqian and Xinjiang from eastern-west to western-north, and 20km ahead the road links with Laxiang Township of Jinggangshan City beside NO.319 State Road. The proposed road will link Gan-Yue Expressway, with NO.105; NO.319 State Roads and will play an important role in raising the radiating capacity of the 3 main roads to the surrounding regions, accelerating the economic development of Ji-an region and improving the layout of road network of Jiangxi Province. In August, 2000, the designing unit of Jiangxi Ji-an Road Bureau completed the report of project feasibility research. According to the requirements of Rules Concerning Environmental Protection Management for Construction Projects (State Council Decree No. 253) and Methods Concerning Environmental Protection Management for Traffic Construction Projects, Jiangxi High-Speed Road Investment & Development Company Ltd entrusted Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute (JPEPRI)with the environmental impact assessment (EIA)work for the linking road subproject of Jiangxi No. 2 Highway Project (JN2HP) with loans from the World Bank in February, 2000. In September, the same year, with the cooperation and support of the local governments along the route and other parts concerned as well as the designers, the EIA team from Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute (JPEPRI) made detailed study on the project feasibility research report, and made field survey along the entire route. Based on the findings of the careful field work on the environmental status quo and the major objectives of environmental protection along the route as well as other related data collected from a variety of sources, the EIA team has completed the compilation of the outline of environmental impact assessment. Based on this EIA Outline, the EIA team made detailed investigation and arranged relevant environmental monitoring along the route, and made analyses and prediction to the environmental impacts arising from the road in construction and operation periods upon which the mitigation measures schemes were set forward ,and finally finished this EIA Report( first edition) for Yutian-Xinjiang Road in October,2000. From Novemberl2 to November 18 , 2000, the pre-appraisal mission for Jiangxi No.2 Highway Project was held in Nanchang. According to the requirements of the meeting, the EIA team of JPEPRI has revised and supplemented the first edition of the EIA report and completed its second edition. I  Chapter One General Description 1.1 Purpose of Assessment Road construction is of developing activity which exerts far-reaching influence on society and economy. Since it will have strong impact on the natural and social environments both in the construction and operation periods, the interaction between the project implementation and environmental protection should be carefully handled. In the light of the requirements of EIA classification for construction projects by the State Environmental Protection Bureau and the World Bank, this project is a large-scale project entailing running through such environmental sensitive areas as residential districts . Therefore, it requires an full EIA work. This EIA work is intended to have the following aims: I. Analyses, predictions and assessments will be made both qualitatively and quantitftively of the social-economic and environmental status quo along the route and the scope and extent of future impact; the implementation of the road construction and the selection of optimal route possible will be reviewed and examined in terms of environmental protection. 2. Feasible proposals for environmental protection or improvement measures and strategies will be made to the designers and constructors of this project so as to minimize the negative impact of this project on environment. 3. The implementation plan will be worked out for the environmental management both during the construction and operation periods, which can also serve as helpful information and scientific data for the economic development, urban development and environmental plans of the areas along the route. 1.2 Bases for Compilation 1. The Environmental Protection Law of the People s Republic of China (December 26, 1989); 2. The Water & Soil Conservation Law of the People s Republic of China (June 29, 1991); 3. The LandAdministration Law of the People s Republic of China (August 29, 1998); 4 The Law Concerning the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution, the Peoples Republic of China (October 29, 1996); 5. The Law Concerning the Prevention and Control of Waler Pollution, the People s Republic of China (May 15,1995); 6. The Law Concerning the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, the People s Republic of China (December 29, 1995); 7. The Law Concerning the Prevention and Control of Solid-Waste Pollution, the People s Republic of China (October 30, 1995); 8. The Road Law of the People s Republic of China (July 3, 1997); 9. The Administrative Rules for the Environmental Protection of Construction Projects (The State Council Decree No. 253, November 18, 1998); 10. Te Methods for Environmental Protection Management of Traffic Construction Projects (the Minister's Ordinance of the Ministry of Communication No. 17, 1990); 11. The Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (The State Environmental Protection Bureau, HJ/T2.1-2.3-1993, HJ/T2.4-1995 , HJ/T19-1997); 12. The Classified Managerial Items of Environmental Protection for Construction Projects (Provisional) [The State Environmental Protection Bureau Huanfa No. 99, 19991; 2  13. The Guidelines of Environmental Impact Assessmnent for Road Construction Projects (Provisional) [The Ministry of Communication, JT J005-961; 14. The Rules ofEnvironmental Protection for Construction Projects in Jiangxi Province (April 29,1995); 15. The Letter ofAttorney for Environmental lnpacl Assessment; 16. The Project Feasibility Research Report of the Linking Road Upgrading Subproject (the upgrading of the road section from Yutian-Xinjiang ), compiled by Research & Design Institute of Jiangxi Provincial Road Administration, in September, 2000. 17. Outline of EIA of Yutian-Xinjiang Road Upgrading Project- A Road Upgrading Project of Jiangxi NO.2 Road Project with Loans from the World Bank ( Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Research Institute,Oct.,2000). 18. The Letter on Approval of the Environmental Standards Implemented in the EIA of Suichuan - Jinggangshan, Yutian-Xinjiang Road Projects. 19. Notice on Strengthening the EIA work for Construction Project with Loans from International Financial Institutions, Document [19931 NO.324, Jointly issued by NEPA, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the People's Bank of China. 20. The World Bank Operation Manual (OP/BP/GB 4.01, March 1999) 1.3 Scope of Assessment, Assessment Factors 1.3.1 Scope of Assessment In view of the features of EIA of road construction project and practical experience as well the natural environment characteristics of the areas along the projected route, the scope of this EIA is shown in Table 1.3-1 . Table 1.3-1 Scope of EIA of Yutian-Xinjiang Road Upgrading Project Code Envirornent Scope of Assessment Factor Acoustic The area within a 200m radium from the central line of the road and its 1 Acousti sensitive spots (These limits can be appropriately extended at some Envirounment major sensitive spots such as urban areas, schools and hospitals. The area within a 200m radium from the central line of the road and its 2 Ambient Air sensitive spots (These limits can be appropriately extended at some major sensitive spots such as urban areas, schools and hospitals. 3 Ecological The area within a 200m radium from the central line of the road ; earth Enviromnent borrowing & dumping sites and quarries concerned The sensitive spots within a 200m radium from the central line of the 4 Social road suchi as residential areas, schools, hospitals and cultural remains; Environment the area directly influenced by the road as is defined in the report of the feasibility research E Water Water bodies within a 200 radium from the central line of the road. Enviroiunent 1.3.2 Assessment Factors I. Social Environment: traffic & transport, social development, land use; 2.Ecological Environment: land occupancy, damage to crop and vegetation; 3.Acoustic Environment: traffic noise Laeq, environmental noise Laeq. 4.Ambient Air: dust, TSP, pitch smoke. 3  1.4 Class of Assessment Work In accordance with the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93, HJ/T2.4-1995, HJ/T19-1997), the class of assessment determined for each item is shown in Tablel.4-1; the review of social environment will follow the requirements of Rules of EIA for Road Construction Project (Provisional, JTJO05-96). Table 1.4-1 Determination of Class for ParticularAssessment Items Item Criteria Class of Assessment Acoustic There is obvious increase in noise( Laeq)after the Class 2 Environment construction Ambient Air The terrace is comparatively simple; the equivalent Class 3 discharge is comparatively small. Ecological The limits of influence are greater than 50k mz; the Class 3 Environment reduction of biomass is less than 50%; little influence on the biodiversity. 1.5 Periods to Be Covered by This Assessment The periods to be covered by this assessment include the design period, construction period, and operation period; as is shown in the Report of the Project Feasibility Research , the operation period is further divided into the initial period (2004) , the middle period (2016) and the long-term period (2023), which will also be respectively covered by this assessment. 1.6 Criteria of Assessment Based on the investigation on the environmental functions along the route, the following standards will be adopted for this assessment. (These selected standards are to be approved by Jian Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau before they are applied.) 1. Water Environment: Based on the quality of the surface water bodies along the projected route and their functional requirements, Grade III of the Environmental Quality Standardfor Surface Water(GHZB 1-1999) will be adopted for the assessment of surface water quality, except for the assessment of SS, which will apply Grade I of the Water Quality Standardfor Cropland Irrigation (GB5084-92). (See Table 1.6-1) Table 1.6-1 Criteria for the Assessment of Water Environment Unit: mg/L (except for the assessment of pH) Item pH CODcr Oil SS Note GHZB 1-1999 6.5-8.5 < 20 S0.05 150 Grade I of the Hater Quality Grade III Limits tandard for Croplantd Irrigation GB 8978-1999 6-9 100 5 70 GB5084-92) will be adopted for the Grade I Limits assessment of SS. G rade I L im its ll _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2. Acoustic environment: The Noise iimits For Construction Site Border (GB12523-90, See Table 1.6-2) will be adopted for acoustic environment assessment of construction period; A Reply Concerning the Issues about the Standards of Environmental Noise Applied in EIA of Road Construction (State Environmental Protection Bureau HuanHan No. 46,1999) will be adopted for the operation period; Class IV of Environmental Noise Standards for Urban Areas 4  (GB3096-93) will be adopted for the assessment of the concentration of residential areas along either side of the route and the buildings directly facing the road; for schools and hospitals, standard will be adopted ( see Table 1.6-3 ). 3. Ambient Air: Grade II of the Standardfor Ambient Air Quality (BG3095-1996, See Table 1.6-4) is adopted for the assessment of air quality; Comprehensive Standardfor the Emission of Atmospheric Pollutants for the assessment of pitch smoke(See Table 1.6-4). Table 1.6-2 The Limits of Noise Value For Construction Site Border (GB12523-90) Unit: Leq (dB) Limit of Noise value Construction Period Major Noise Sources Daytime Night Earth & Stone Work Bulldozer, excavator, loader, 75 55 and so on Piling Pile driver of various kind 85 Forbidden Construction Concrete mixer and vibrator, 70 55 electric saw Decoration Crane, Lift 65 55 Table 1.6-3 The Limits of Noise Value For Operation Period(abstract) =Unit: Leq(dB) Index Daytime Night Class IV of GB 3096-93 70 55 Class I of GB 3096-93 55 45 Table 1.6-4 Assessment Standard for Air Quality( Abstract) Unit: mg/ m3 Pollutant TSP NOx Concentration limits Day mean 0.30 0.10 In Grade II of GB Hour mean 0.15 3095-1996 H Table 1.6-5 Emission Standard of Pitch Smoke(New Pollution Source) (Abstract) Pollutant . Upper limits of Limits of concentration for Pollutant Production technique emission unorganized emission emlsslon N unorganized emission i Pitch Smoke Melting and stirring pitch 40-75 mg/ m3 No unorganized emission is 1.7 Major Objectives Under Environmental Protection According to the field investigation on the environment along the route, the major objectives of environmental protection are determnined as shown in Table 1.7-1. 5  Table 1.7-1 Major Objectives under Environmental Protection Objetive of Stakce No. Of Environmental Fco fIpc Environ Factor rObjective of Typical Feature Factor of Impact Environ actor prtectionSection ________ Kl-K5 Crop K23-K27 Paddy field Land requisitioned for K43-K45 ~~~~~~road construction; ________________ K43'-K45 excavation & filling of Forest K15-K21 Pine, fir roadbed K29-K32 K6-K12 Hil adFilling work & Ecological Water & soil K15-K21 Hilly landexcavation Environment Conservation Earth Hill and hilly Earth borrowing & borrowing & land dumping dumping sites Wetland Non-existent Wildlife coservation Non-existent zone Large, medium Construction of Rivers, and small bridge foundation, Water channels, bridges, nearby Surface runoffs in Environment irrigation river, channel, operation period; systems, ponds Ponds, and Earthwork filling & irrigation excavation systems Ambient air Acoustic 7 primary and acoustic Construction noise Envionmnt , scholsand 61 sensitive spots &flying dust, traffic Ambient Air, residential wti 0m noise and waste tail Social aesradium of thega Environment areas road central gas line 1.8. Methods of Assessment This project is a large-scale linear developing project , which involves many sensitive spots and a long run of route, and influences a large area. Based on field survey along the projected route, apart from a few environmental sensitive spots such as residential areas, schools, and natural preservation zones, the environmental conditions of most sections of this route are found to be similar. In view of this, the assessment work will be concentrated on some sensitive spots and typical sections so as to reflect the true condition of the route as a whole. 6  Chapter Two Project Description 2.1 Significance of the Project This project is the construction of linking road which is of critical importance in the existing linking lines in Ji-an area, and plays an important role in the development plan for regional road network.. The main significance of it is stated below: 1. It is the need of the construction of Jiangxi provincial road network: The construction of Jiangxi No. 2 Road entails the perfection of the network of linking roads so as to rectify the unbalanced development of regional economy and increase connection rate of the sub-areas, and contribute to the even coverage of road network over the overall national territory. 2. It is the need of the regional socio-economic development and the construction of national defense. 3. It is the need of the people in the underdeveloped areas who want to get rid of poverty and become rich. 4. It is the need of the development of tourism. 5. It is the need of increasing traffic volume. 2.2 Run of the Route and Major Controlling Points The recommended route of this project begins at the State No. 105 Road (K20+300), runs through Yutian, Hengling, Yaqian, and Xinjiang; the total length is 45.845km. The run of the route is still controlled by the existing roads.The run of the route basically follows the existing roads, which will be upgraded and straightened at some of their curves. Based on the findings of field survey and the suggestions made by the local governments, the major controlling points along the route are established as Yutian, Hengling, Yaqian, and Xinjiang(See Appendix Figure 2). 2.3 Size of Construction, Major Technical-Economic Index, and Engineering Works The existing Yu-Xin Road runs through Shuichuan County for 51.28km, which is of low grade and poor in road condition with many sharp curves and steep slopes, the maximum longitude slope being 15.5% and the minimum horizontal curve being 15m. Moreover, the width of the road is less than 6m. The existing road surface is of sand and gravel, and has greatly outlived the design duration. Therefore it is necessary to upgrade this section of road. This project involves the upgrading of the existing Yuetian-Xinjiang Road in conformity with the technical standard of Grade 3 road. The major technical-economic index and number of 7  construction items are illustrated in Table 23-1. Table 2.3-1 Major Technical-Economic Index and Quantity of Construction Items ITEM OF INDEX UNIT QUANTITY NOTES 1 Basic Index _ __ _ Designed Speed Km/hour 30 Designed Traffic Volume Vehicle/dav 2468 Year 2023 Land to be requisitioned Mu 606.26 /.rented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Estimated investment 10000 RMPB 9519.5 Yuan Average cost/km I 0000 RMB 207.64 Yuan! kmi 2. Route Total mileage length km 45.84553 3 Sub-grade & pavement Width of roadbed m 7.5 Type of pavement Bituminous concrete Earthwork of roadbed 1000 m3 517.823 Stoneworkc of roadbed 1000 m3 293.292 4 Bridge & Culvert Designed load Motorcar-20: trailer-100 Large & medium bridge m 572 Small bridge unit 11 Culvert & tunnel unit 249 5 cross of route Interchange unt 9 Green space km 45.84553 2.4 Description of Engineering Works 2 4 1 Roadbed I Width of Roadbed Roadbed width 7 5m, road surface width 6m, 2 Designed elevation of roadbed 0.5m + water level of designed flood frequency of 1/25 3 The transverse slope of road surface is 2.5%, that of unsurfaced road shoulder being 3.5% 4.Embankment side slope Generally, the side slope of fill is 1:1.5, when the height of fill section is more than 20m and the fill consists of clay, powder soil, sand soil the stability coefficient should be tested and calculated and it can not be lower than 1.25m. 5 Cutting side slope: The side slope of earth excavation is designed according to the height of side slope, the earth texture, density and moisture, and the status of underground water and surface water, when the height is less than 20m, slope of 1: 0.3-1 1 is adopted, when the height is between 20-30m, :0 3-1-1.5 is adopted and a drainage trench platform is arranged in the middle of the side slope 8  The side slope of stone excavation is designed according to the height of side slope, rock types and the weathering extent, and the status of underground water and surface water. When the height of side slope is less than 20m,slope of 1:0.2-1:0.75 is adopted and when it is between 20-30m, 1:0.2-1:1 is adopted a drainage trench platform is arranged in the middle of the side slope. Roadbed protection The fill side slope of submerged roadbed will be protected in the following way; retaining wall or grouted rubble is adopted for the slope protection of the part below the designed water level, sod pavement or other method is applied to the part above the designed water level. Rubble grouted protection wall should be arranged in excavation sections of crushed stone surface, and in road sections of unstable mountain 5lope, cutting wall and mountain slope wall should be arranged. Drainage of roadbed and road surface During the comprehensive design of the entire roadbed, a perfect drainage system should be designed and arranged, so as to remove the rainwater and underground water in. roadbed and on road surface and ensure that the roadbed and road surface will not be damaged by water erosion. ( I)The design of roadbed drainage should be combined with the existing farmland conservancy facilities and plan; (2) It should be in coordination with the existing facilities for water supply and drainage in locations where the proposed road runs through villages and residential areas of towns. (3) In road sections where drainage is difficult, the roadbed should be kept in dry and middle-moist state by such measures as raising the height of the roadbed, lowering underground water level, or arrangement of isolation layer etc.. (4) Grouted rubble should be applied in the various drainage trenches in sections with heavy scouring and long -year immersion or street road sections, so as to make drainage easy and ensure that the drainage trenches will not be damaged. 2.4.2 Road surface The road surface is designed with axle load of double-wheel single axle (IOOKN) as the standard axle load: (1) Running lane: Asphalt-grouted surface 6 cm thick; cement-stabilized bedding 20 cm thick; bedding course of natural sand and gravel or stone dregs 20 cm thick (2) Unsurfaced roa shoulder: Arranged according to the requirement of GBM. 2.4.3. Bridges, Tunnel and Culverts (1) Standard of design Width of middle and small bridges: net-9+2 X 1 .5m, net-7+2 X 0.75m; width of big bridge: net-7.5+2 X 0.5m; Designed frequency of flood: 1/100 for big and middle bridges, 1/50 for small bridges and culverts; The whole route is located in the zone with earthquake intensity equal to or less than 6 ,thus no earthquake resistant measures are taken for bridges/culverts/structures along the route. (2) Form of structure and cross-section i. The width of middle/small bridges is the same as that of roadbed, and the outside edge should be consistent with the road edge. 9  ii.The structure form should be determined based on the principle of "obtain raw materials on the spot, suit measures to local conditions". Steel concrete plate bridge or T-beam bridge are the better choices for middle/small bridges; and stone arch culvert, pipe culvert and steel and concrete covering-plate culvert being better choices for culverts. (3)Design of Tunnel: In order to shorten the mileage and meet the technical requirement of Grade III road, one tunnel is included in the design of the route. The detailed position and technical standard of it is shown in Table 2.4-1 Table 2.4-1 Technical Standard of the Planned Tunnel Stake No. Name of Site Length(m) GelgclNt widthi Conditionetw K 8+550-800 Quchiling 250 Sandstone 7+2 X 0. 75 2.4.4 Road- Cross Work The grade crossing is used for intersections of the projected road ( Grade II road) with other provincial and county roads. The methods of grade crossing are to pave the corner lane or divergent turning lane . 2.4.5 Traffic Safety Management In order to guarantee the driving safety and traffic management in the operation period, complete and necessary safety and management facilities should be arranged along the route. (I) Traffic Safety Facility Necessary and complete signs and sign lines such as warning, prohibiting, instruction ,direction showing etc. should be arranged along the entire route, for which luminous signs and sign lines are adopted. In Huangao-Jinggangshan section, complete and perfect fencing blocks ,protection fences and other facilities should be arranged. (2) Management Facilities Monitoring posts will be sets up at the rate of each/ 20km; two in all. 2.5 Projected Traffic Volume The projected traffic volume for this project is shown in Table 2.5-1. Table 2.5-1 Projected Traffic Volume Unit: Vehicle(Medium)/day Division Mileage(km) 2004 2010 2016 2023 Yuetian-Xinjiang 45.84553 704 1201 1867 2517 2.6 Construction Materials to Be Obtained Locally I . Quarries: There are quarries along the route within the projected area, and they are not far away from the sections of road to be upgraded except for the concrete gravel, which cannot be found of the required quality locally and has to be transported from distant places; 2. Sand & Gravel: Since the run of the route is basically along the river, the sand and gravel to be needed can be directly obtained locally, but the distribution of gravel is rather scattered and it is comparatively inconvenient to transport. 3. Earth borrowing & dumping: There many places along the route that can be used as the earth borrowing and dumping sites(See Table 2.6-1) 10  Table 2.6-1 Distribution of Earth-Borrowing and Dumping Sites Code Stake No. Earthwork Involved Occupation of Land _ ______________ (I0000k m3) (mu) Earth-Borrowing Site 1 K13-K14 0.827 3.3 Earth-BrrowingSite 2 K21~-K23 3.43 1 13.7 1 K4-KIO 1.352 5.4 Earth-Dumping Site 2 K28-K40 5.576 22.2 2.7 Estimates of Investment & Schedule of Construction Progress 2.7.1 Estimated total investment The estimated investment of this project is 95.195 million RMB yuan, which will be raised domestically and from loans. 2.7.2 Schedule of construction The construction work of this project is planned to start in 2001 and be completed in 2003; the period of construction is 3 years. 2.8 Environmental Impact Analyses of Construction Work 2.8.1 Construction period 1. Sources of noise: During the construction period, the major noise sources are the construction machinery such as bulldozers, rollers, loaders, levelers, excavators, spreaders, generators, and mixers. While these machines are working, their noise can reach 90-98 dB at a distance of 5 meters. Such explosive noise sources will cause relatively serious unfavorable influence on the construction workers and local residents. 2. Sources of air pollution: During the construction period, dust pollution is the dominating air pollution. The transport, loading and unloading of construction materials and the process of mixing will cause large quantity of dust and fine powder to spread to the surrounding atmosphere; wind may cause dust pollution in the storing sites of construction materials. In addition, as asphalt road surface is adopted in this project, the asphalt smoke arising of the process of asphalt melting and stirring will have a certain influence on the surrounding air. 3. Pollution of water environment: 1) Water pollution arising from leakage of oil from construction machinery and the oil of exposed construction machinery washed off by rain water; 2) Sewage and wastes from labor camp on the construction site ( especially on the construction sites of bridges will have a certain effect on the surrounding water body, 3) Pollutants arising out of the construction materials washed away by rains will pollute the surrounding water body.. 4. Impact on ecological environment 1) The excavation and filling of roadbed will cause damage to the vegetation, the appropriation of crop land, and the exposure of surface soil, so as to effect certain change in the local ecological structures. The exposed ground surface will be eroded by rains, which may lead to the deterioration of the soil fertility and affect the stability of local hydrology and 11  land ecology. 2) The change , removal or fill of existing irrigation trenches entailed by the project will have a certain influence on the local agriculture 3) The total land occupancy entailed by this project is 606.26mu As the land is permanently occupied, the local arable land forest land and vegetation will be reduced accordingly The types and areas of occupied land are shown in Table 2.8-1. Table 2.8-1 Types and Areas of Occupied Land of the Project Unit: mu ^ Type Total Dry Land Paddv T Vegetable Forest Built Area Others Field' land land Ohr | Area 606.26 40.88 338.32 6.89 | 159.3 36.7 24.17 2.8.2 Operation period 2.8.2.1 Sources of traffic noise: 1) The noise source generated from travelling vehicle is an unstable source During the operation period, the vehicle engines, cooling systems, and transmission systems, all will produce noise. In addition, the jetting air from travelling vehicle, emission systems, and the friction between the tires and the ground surface can also produce noise. 2) Due to factors such as unevenness of the road surface, vehicle travelling at high speed can also produce overall noise. 2.8.2.2 Sources of air pollution The gaseous pollutants of the vehicle mainly come from the leakage of crankcases, the evaporation of burning system, and the discharge from the exhaust pipes However, the major source of CH, NOx, and CO is the exhaust pipe. The NOx is produced from the excess air (oxygen and hydrogen) in the high temperature and high pressure cylinder. Since lead-free gasoline is being recommended in China, the influence of lead will become less 2.8.2.3. Sources of Water Pollution Since two new crossing keeper's houses will be set up along the route, a certain amount of sewage will be discharged. 12  Chapter Three Environmental Survey 3.1 Natural Environment 3.1.1 Topography and Landform The proposed project is situated between Wuyi Mountain range and Yushan Mountain range.The landform is mainly of hilly land and mountainous land. The elevation is between 160-410m. The terrain is characteristic of mountainous land, hilly land and plain between mountains alternating with each other, with some undulating local sections. 3.1.2 Climate The areas along the route are of sub-tropic wet climate. The climate is mild with distinct 4 seasons and abundant sunshine and precipitation. The raining season is in April-June. The annual mean frost-free days are 270 . In winter, there is a short period of light freezing. The temperature and rainfall in this area are shown in Table 3. 1.-I ,Table 3.1-2 respectively. Table 3.-1-1 'lemperature Item Yearly average Maximum Minimum Area temperature temperature Area along the route 18.3