China - Guangxi Highway Project : resettlement action plan (Vol. 1 of 2) : Main report

RP-27 VOL. 1 The People's Republic of China Chongqing-Zhanjiang National Artery Highway Hechi (Shuiren) -Du'an-Nanning Highway Project Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan (Final Editon) Part I: Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan Part II: Report on the investigation of Socioeconomic Environment Prepared by The Department of Communications of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning * China and Xi'an Highway University September 1999 FILE copy  I  Content Part I I GENERAL DESCRIPTION I 1.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................I 1.2 IMPACTED AREAS ..................................................... 5 1.3 SOCIOECONONIIC SITUATION OF THE IMPACTED AREA ................................................5.......... 5 1.4 MINORITY NATIONALITIES ................................................ 6 1.5 MEASURES TO MINIMIZE LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT ................................................ 7 1.6 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY STUDY ................................................ 9 1.7 PRELIMINARY AND FINAL DESIGNS OF THE PROJECT ................................................ 9 1.8 PROJECT OWNERSHIP ................................................ 9 1.9 INVESTIGATION ON LAND ACQUiSITION AND RESETTLEMENT ................. ............................... 9 1.10 PREPARATION FOR THE INVESTIGATION ....................................... 15 1.11 SCHEDULE OF CONSTRUCTION AND IMPLEMENTATION ....................................... 16 1.12 APPROVAL OF LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT ....................................... 17 2 IMPACT OF THE PROJECT 18 2.1 DEFINITION OF THE IMPACT ........................................... 18 2.2 GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF THE IMPACT ............................................ 8 2.3 PERMANENTLY USED LAND ........................................... 19 2.4 TEMPORARILY USED LAND ........................................... 20 2.5 BUILDINGS TO BE DEMOLISHED ........................................... 20 2.6 LAND-ATTACHED OBJECTS IMPACTED ........................................... 21 2.7 IMPACTED POPULATION ........................................... 22 2.8 COLLECTIVE UNITS, ENTERPRISES/INSTITUTIONS IMPACTED ............. .............................. 23 2.9 IMPACTED INFRASTRUCTURES ........................................... 23 2.10 ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT ........................................... 24 3 RESETTLEMENT POLICIES 25 3.1 LAWS AND REGULATIONS .25 3.2 RESETTLEMENT RULES .28 3.3 COMPENSATION STANDARDS. 28 4 RESETTLEMENT AND RESTORATION ACTION PLAN 3 34 4.1 OBJECTIVE, MODES AND CRITERIA OF RESETTLEMENT AND RESTORATION .34 4.2 B UILDING RECONSTRUCTION .35 4.3 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES .37 4.4 LAND ATTACHED OBJECTS .37 4.5 SCHOOLS, ENTERPRISES AND INSTITUTIONS .37 4.6 AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AND LABOR FORCE RESETTLEMENT. 38 4.7 SCHEDULE FOR RESETTLEMENT AND RESTORATION .44 4.8 RESETTLEMENT MANUAL .47 5 COMPENSATION APPRAISAL 48 5.1 FLOW CHART OF RESETTLEMENT COMPENSATION .................................................. 48 5.2 BASIC COMPENSATION .................................................. 48 5.3 ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT EXPENSES .................................................. 51 5.4 UNFORESEEABLE EXPENSES .................................................. 51 5.5 OTHER EXPENSES .................................................. 52 5.6 RECIPIENTS OF BASIC COMPENSATION .................................................. 52 5.7 SOURCES OF COMPENSATION FOR LAND ACQUISITION AND REMOVAL .................................................. 54 6 ORGANIZATIONS 55 6.1 ORGANIZATIONS FOR LAND ACQUISITION, RESETTLEMENT, MANAGEMENT, IMPLEMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE ............................................................5........ . 55 6.2 RESPONSIBILITIES OF VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS ....... 55 6.3 PERSONNEL ....... 59 6.4 MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN THE CAPABILITY OF ORGANIZATIONS .59 2  6.5 TRAINING PROGRAMS .............................................. 60 7 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATION 63 7.1 PARTICIPATION OF THE IMPACTED .......................................... 63 7.2 PLAN OF CONSULTATION WITH THE IMPACTED ......................................... 64 7.3 MEANS FOR PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATION ......................................... 65 7.4 ROLE OF INDEPENDENT MONITORING AGENCY ......................................... 65 8 COMPLAINTS AND APPEALS 67 8.1 ASPECTS OF COMPLAINTS .67 8.2 PROCEDURES FOR COMPLAINTS AND APPEALS .67 8.3 RULES IN TREATING COMPLAINTS .68 8.4 ANSWER TO A COMPLAINT .68 8.5 REPORT ON COMPLAINTS .68 9 MONITORING 69 9.1 INTERNAL MONITORING .............................................. 69 9.2 INDEPENDENT MONITORING .............................................. 7 1 10 REPORTING 73 10.1 INTERNAL REPORTING .............................................. 73 10.2 REPORTS OF GLARO .............................................. 73 10.3 REPORTS OF THE INDEPENDENT MONITORING AGENCY .............................................. 73 11 FORM OF HIERARCHY 74 Part II I INVESTIGATION ON LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT I 1.1 VISITS ............. 1 1.2 HEARINGS .2 1.3 QUESTIONNAIRES. 2 1.4 INVESTIGATIONS AT TYPICAL SPOTS .5 1.5 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONAT TYPICAL SPOTS. 6 2 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS QUO ALONG THE HIGHWAY 9 2.1 SOCIOECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE IMPACTED AREA. 9 2.2 LIFE STYLES ALONG THE PROPOSED HIGHWAY .1 2.3 EDUCATION CONDITIONS .14 2.4 SOCIAL DIVISIONS OF LABOR AND LIFE STYLES .15 2.5 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES .15 3 LAND SYSTEM 18 4 MINOR1ITY NATIONALITIES 20 4.1 HISTORY OF MINORITY NATIONALITIES IN GUANGXI .20 4.2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE HAN AND MINORITY NATIONALITIES .22 4.3 PRESENT CONDITIONS OF THE MINORITY NATIONALITIES IN GUANGXI .23 4.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MINORITY NATIONALITIES ALONG THE HIGHWAY .26 4.5 IMPACT ON THE MINORITY NATIONALITIES .26 4.6 MEASURES FOR LAND ACQUISITION .28 4.7 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF RESETTLEMENT MEASURES .31 5 WOMEN AND WEAK GROUPS 34 5.1 STATUS OF WOMEN .34 5.2 WOMEN'S SHARE OF FARM WORK AND HOUSEWORK .34 5.3 WEAK GROUPS .35 6 IMPACT OF LAND ACQUISITION AND REMOVAL 36 6.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION .36 3  6.2 PERMANENTLY USED LAND ....................................... 37 6.3 BUILDINGS TO BE DEMOLISHED ...... 37 6.4 LAND-ATTACHED OBJECTS IMPACTED .38 6.5 IMPACTED POPULATION .39 6.6 ENTERPRISES/INSTITUTIONS IMPACTED . 40 6.7 IMPACTED INFRASTRUCTURES .................... I , 40 7 MEASURES TO RESTORE INCOME 42 7.1 DESIGN OPTIMIZATION ..............................., , , ,,,. ...... 42 7.2 COMPREHENSIVE CONSULTATION WITH THE IMPACTED .42 7.3 WELL-DONE RESETTLEMENT WORK ,. 42 7.4 REVISIT FOR ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT .43 8 PROBLEMS WORTH ATTENTION 44 8.1 MODES AND THE AMOUNT OF COMPENSATION .44 8.2 RESETTLEMENT METHODS IN DU'AN .44 8.3 ATTITUDES TOWARDS RESETTLEMENT .45 8.4 IMPACT FROM EXPLOSION .45 4  I  Preface Shuiren-Du'an-Nanning Highway (referred to as Shuiren-Nanning Highway for short hereinafter) is the major section of Chongqing-Zhanjiang National Artery Highway and the most convenient passageway connecting the southwest of China with its coastal areas, belonging to the three major sections in the layout plan in the National Artery Highway System Planning approved by the State Council. The total length of the proposed highway is 237.915km, including 140.733km of expressway and 97.182km of class-two highway. The total investment is 4.117 billion RMB yuian, of which 1.6 billion RMB yuan will come from the World Bank Loan. In recent years, the local economy grows rapidly and commodities in inland provinces of southwest are put into the world markets more and more through seaports. In addition, the poorer regions in the northwest of Guangxi need to get rid of poverty and become prosperous. However, the existing Suiren-Nanning Highway is operating well below the present requirements. Therefore, a new high-class highway is urgently needed. Wuming, Mashan, Du'an and other counties require that the proposed highway pass through their jurisdictional areas, which can not only bring the advantages of the fast, efficient and comfortable high-class highway into full play but also promote the local economy so as for the local people to overcome poverty and get better off. The Communications Planning, Survey and Design Institute of GZAR (GCPDI) compiled the Pre- feasibility Study Report of Shuiren-Nanning Section of Chongqing-Zhangjing Highway in June 1996 according to the Circular No. [1996] 219 of GCD on foreign investment. In December 1996, GCPDI and Beijing Zhongtong Highway & Bridge Company worked out the Project Feasibility Study Report of Shuiren-Nanning Section. Xi'an Highway University (XHU) was entrusted to carry out environmental impact assessment. According to the Pre-feasibility Study Report, XHU made the first field reconnaissance and survey as well as a preliminary investigation on the impact of land acquisition and resettlement in September 1996. With the data collected in the investigation and survey, the Outline of Land Acquisition and Resettlement Report of the Project was compiled, on which, precious comments were given by the specialists from the World Bank in land acquisition and resettlement in October 1998,. In order to reduce the negative impacts resulting from land acquisition and resettlement owing to the project and to restore the impacted people to their original living standard in the shortest possible time, GCD set up the Project Office for the World Bank Loan, in December 1998, with the deputy director in charge of the work. Under this office, the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Panel was set up for the previous routine work. In March 1999, the panel carried out an extensive investigation on land acquisition and resettlement and socioeconomic status quo. In the end of March 1999, GCD formally set up the Land Acquisition and resettlement Office for Shuiren-Nanning Highway Project (referred to as Resettlement Office of GCD for short), and its staff members were appointed in June. In the end of March 1999, the World Bank specialist in resettlement, Mr. Zhang Chaohua gave important instructions on the compilation of this RAP; accordingly the panel revisited the carefully chosen typical spots along the proposed highway. In the middle of May 1999, with the preliminary design and data obtained in the investigation, a draft of Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) was compiled on the basis of the Land Administration Law of the PRC and the World Bank's Implementation Outline for Involuntary Immigrants (OD4.30). In July 1999, the specialists from the World Bank, together with the members of the compiling panel, had detailed discussions about the drafted RAP in Beijing and offered some precious advice. In the middle of July, GLARO carried out an overall investigation on the resettlement measures for the seriously impacted villages along the proposed highway, sought for the suggestions from the affected people, and worked out the resettlement program that was approved by the local governments. On the basis of this, this Revised Version of RAP was completed by the end of July 1999. In August 1999, the final edition was worked out on the basis of thorough investigation on the resettlement measures for the impacted villages along the proposed highway. This document is composed of two parts, with the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan as the first and a Report on Land Acquisition and Resettlement Investigation as the second part. The total length of the proposed highway is 237.915km. The villages inhabited by minority nationalities take up over 95% of the total number. Therefore, the RAP is mainly concerned with them. We have received a great deal of assistance and support from numerous resources. Thanks are due to GCPDI, related local governments and communication bureaus for their assistance and help in the investigation on land acquisition and resettlement, gathering of information of socioeconomic situations and the relevant laws and regulations, and to the World Bank specialists who have given their precious suggestions on the compilation of this RAP. 5   Part I: Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan 1 General Description 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Significance 1. Shuiren-Nanning Highway is one of the major sections of Chongqing-Zhanjiang National Artery Highway and the most convenient passageway connecting the southwest of China with its coastal area, belonging to the three main sections in the layout plan in the National Highway Artery System Planning approved by the State Council. Its construction is just the requirement for the implementation of the planning. 2. The technical standards of the existing Shuiren-Nanning Highway are generally low at present. For example, it is of inadequate capacity, constantly intersects towns and villages, there are a lot of level intersections, mixed traffic of vehicles and pedestrians, hence high accident rate. This cannot meet the requirement of the economic development in Guangxi and Southwest part of China. The construction of Shuiren-Nanning Highway is just in compliance with this requirement. It will provide a convenient access for large and heavy vehicles seawards. 3. Guangxi is situated in the southem border area of China. It connects south coastal region with southwest inner region and southwest region with south region in China. Both the Central Govermnent and the Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR) have clearly emphasized that the function of Guangxi as the passageway from southwest part of China to her coastal region should be made full use of. The proposed Shuiren-Nanning Highway is the most direct and convenient highway outward to the coastal area from southwest region, and its construction will certainly bring about significant effect on the economic development and natural resource exploitation in the southwest part of China. 4. Du'an and Mashan counties along the proposed highway are among the underdeveloped counties, being primarily sustained both regionally and nationally, where the existing transportation conditions are rather poor, together with the weak economy and low living standard. They are among the backward counties in the mountainous area of Guangxi. Implementation of the project will play an important role for the two counties to achieve their goal of economic development. 5. Wuming, Mashan and Du'an counties along the proposed highway are covered with thick vegetation. There are many beautiful mountains and wonderful deep karst caves. Hence they are rich in tourist resource. After its completion, the highway will be linked with the other existing ones, which will improve the communications between the scenery spots and cities such as Nanning and Hechi, etc., and will provide more direct means of transportation, hence will boost the tourist development along the alignment. 6. There are rich mineral and forestry resources and native produce along the proposed highway. The implementation of the proposed project will provide favorable conditions for exploitation of local natural resources. See the map for the geological location of the alignment (page 4). 1.1.2 Previous Work The feasibility study of the project began in 1993. Its pre-feasibility study report was completed in June 1996 and its feasibility study report was completed in Dec. 1996, which was revised in Dec. 1998 in accordance with the Technical Standards for Highway Projects issued by the Ministry of Communication of China (MOC). 6  The environmnental impact assessment of the project was undertaken by Xi'an Highway University (XHU) , which completed the work in January 1999. Investigation on the impact of land acquisition and house demolition and resettlement was started in 1996. The first in situ reconnaissance and investigation was carried out by XHU in Sept. 1996 according to the pre-feasibility study report. It also made a preliminary investigation on the impact of land acquisition and house demolition, and then compiled a land acquisition report outline, on which some precious suggestions have been made by the World Bank specialists. In March 1999, the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Office (LARO) of the Guangxi Communications Department and XHU jointly set up an investigating panel. The panel carried out a detailed investigation on the impact of land acquisition and house demolition as well as the existing socioeconomic situation. According to the important instruction of the World Bank specialists in March 1999, the panel visited the households in the typical areas along the alignment. In May 1999, a draft of Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) was compiled on the basis of the Land Administration Law of the PRC, the World Bank's Implementation Outline for Involuntary Immigrants (OD4.30) and the relevant documents of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. In July 1999, the specialists from the World Bank, together with the members of the compiling panel, had detailed discussions about the drafted RAP in Beijing and offered some precious advice. In the middle of July, GCICAB carried out an overall investigation on the resettlement measures for the seriously impacted villages along the proposed highway, sought for the suggestions from the affected people, and worked out the resettlement program that was approved by the local governments. On the basis of this, this Revised Version of RAP was completed by the end of July 1999. In August 1999, the final edition was worked out on the basis of thorough investigation on the resettlement measures for the impacted villages along the proposed highway. 1.1.3 Alignment and Major Control Points Main line: The total length of the recommnended alignment scheme for Shuiren-Nanning Highway is 237.915km. It starts from Shuiren Village, going southward through Gonghua, Latang. After intersecting with National Highway 323 at Hualong, it passes through Banlan, then 800m on the upper reach of the Nawui River, it spans the Diaojiang River, and runs on Jiuhuai, Tangma, and Banwang. After reaching Xia'ao, it becomes almost parallel to National Highway 210, passing Daxing and Gaoling until it comes to the Baicai Village in Du'an County Town, where it gets far away from National Highway 210. Then it runs southward through Dongpan, Bantan. After coming to the front of Linjiang Village, it spans Hongshuihe River, then goes through Luoyu, Batu, Naliang, Neipai, Fucheng, Wanglou, and flies across the Xijiang River of the upper reach of the Wuminghe River until it intersects with the Regional Highway 20323 in Wuhaishangtun to the west of Wuming County Town. Then it spans the Wuminghe River from the East of XiaoHuanghou. It passes through Fuma, Jiuqin and Nawang afterwards until reaching Xijin in the northem suburb of Nanning City. Finally it tums southeastward, going from Ou Village and Ertang, stopping at San'an in the eastem suburb of Nanning City, where it connects with the existing south-north expressway. Link Roads: For the proposed highway to serve the economic development of the towns and cities along the alignment effectively, link roads for 5 county towns and tourism spots are to be constructed, with a total length of 16.0km. They will be constructed according to class 2 highway standard. Among them, 1.5km is for Du'an County Town, 4.0km for Mashan County Town, 16.0km for Dahua County Town, 3.8km for Wuming County Town and 0.3km for Yilingyai respectively. 1.1.4 Construction Scale and Major Technical Indexes The total length of Shuiren-Naning Highway is 237.915km, for which three technical standards have been adopted with the following details. 1. Hechi(Shuiren)-Du'an section (K96+000-194+300): 97.182km is to be newly constructed 7  with class 2 highway standard. K96+000-K163+748 is 66.630km long, located in the heavily rolling hills, with a designed vehicle speed of 60km/h; K163+748-KI94+300 is 30.552km long, which is in the slightly rolling plain, with a designed vehicle speed of 80km/h; 2. Du'an-Nanning section (K194+300-K335+139): 140.733km is to be newly constructed with expressway standard for slightly rolling plain, with a designed vehicle speed of I OOkm/h; Five link roads with a total length of 25.6km are included in the project. They will be constructed according to class 2 highway standard. The project also includes the following items. 7 large or extraordinarily large bridges with a total length of 1231m, 18 medium bridges, 1853m long in total, 24 grade separations, 6 interchanges, 168 underpasses, 980 culverts, 2 service areas, 24260.78mu of land to be acquisitioned, buildings with a total building area of 57,104 m2 to be demolished. All these are estimated to cost about 4,117,017,207 RMB yuan. 1.1.5 Investment and Implementation Schedule The project will be started from May 2000, completed and put to use in the year 2004, with a total construction period of 4 years. 8  The investment for the recommended alig,nment scheme amounts to 4,117,917,207 RMB yuan, among which, 1,660 million RMByuan ($200 million) will come from the World Bank, 1,000 million RMByuan will be subsidized by the Ministry of Communications and the rest will be loaned from banks in China or will be provided by GCD. 1.2 Impacted Areas Shuiren-Nanning Highway passes through two prefectures and one city northeastward, i.e., Hechi Prefecture, Nanning Prefecture and Nanning City. Five counties and cities will be directly impacted, including Nanning City, Wuming County, Mashan County, Du'an County and Hechi City, 23 towns (farms and offices) as well as 63 villages will be involved. See attached Sheet 1 for the various impacted units at village level in detail. 1.3 Socioeconomic Situation of the Impacted Area * Nanning City Nanning, the capital of GZAR, is situated in the south of its central area, being one of the cities in the coastal area opened to attract foreign investment approved by the State Council. Its total juristic area is 10,029 square km, with 6 districts and 2 counties under its direct jurisdiction. Its total population was 2,812,000 by the end of 1997, with about 62% of it from rural area. Its GNP was 17,489 million RMB yuan in 1997, being the topmost in economy in GZAR. -Wuming County Located in the north of Nanning, it is multinational, for its population mainly consists of the Zhuang nationality. The total area of it is 3,366 square km, with a total population of 64,080,000, of which 85.8% is from the rural area, more than 86% is of the Zhuang nationality. Its GNP was 1,994 million RMB yuan in 1997. Yilingyai, which the proposed highway passes through, is famous for its tourist attraction. * Mashang County It is under jurisdiction of Nanning. All of stony mountain, it is poor in natural resources, with adverse ecological environment, being within the developing area of Honghe River Gradation Hydraulic Power Plant Reservoir. Its total area is 2,365 square km, with a total population of 48,550,000, of which 85.8% is agricultural population. It is an agricultural county with large population but little cultivated land. Its GNP was 415 million RMB yuan in 1997. Its economic development is slow, with 30% of the population living below the national living standard, being one of the backward counties in GZAR. Its main produces come from agriculture, with its industry merely just at the beginning of development. * Du'an County It is a Yao autonomous County, with a total area of 4,095 square km. It is a county with so called "one soil to nine stone". Its total population was 621,700 in 1997, of which 94% was from rural area, and 21.7% was of the Yao nationality. Its GNP was 464 million RMB yuan in 1997. Yilingyai, which the proposed highway passes through, is famous for its tourist attraction. It is a rather poor county being supported in priority by the Central Government. 260,000 people in the county still live below the national living standard, making up 42% of the total population of the county. - * Hechi City Located in Hechi Prefecture, it is its capital city, also its political, economic, cultural and communicational center. Its total area is 2,340 square km where 304,000 people lived in 1997, of which 64% were in rural area, and 76.1% were of the Yao nationality. Its industries mainly consist of metallurgy, food products, cement, farm tools etc., which forms the backbone of its economy, while its agriculture mainly relies on farming and animal husbandry. Its GNP was 1,262 million RMB yuan in 1997, being the most developed district in Hechi Prefecture. 9  1.4 Minority Nationalities There are the Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Maonan nationalities, etc., altogether 12 nationalities in Guangxi, making up 38.5% of its total population, with 60% of the total area disbursed with minority nationalities. The Zhuang nationality is a local ethnic with long history, it accounts for 33% of the total local population, being a minority nationality with the largest population in China. Most of the proposed highway passes through minority nationalities inhabited districts, for the villages where minority nationalities live consists of more than 95% of the total villages. See attached Sheet I for the minority nationalities inhabited areas in detail. The Zhuang nationality has longer history than all the other minority nationalities in Guangxi. It mainly lives on farning. It is also relatively developed in metallurgy, ship production, pottery, textile and dyeing. It has its own language and scripts. The Zhuang People are good at singing. March 3 is its traditional singing festival. The Zhuang people have lived with Han people for thousands of years and their relationship is so harmonious that intermarriage is common between the two people. Most of the Zhuang people are inhabited in the relatively even areas in Guangxi, such as Wuming County, Mashan County and Hechi City, which the highway will pass through. The Yao people scatter in a lot of places, they are characterized by "largely dispersed but settled gregariously in small groups". They usually live in mountainous areas. For example, Du'an Yao Autonomous County is thickly distributed with villages, but most of them are small (with less than 30 households). The living conditions of the Yao people is usually poor. They adopt a monogamy system, and seldom marry the other nationalities. They have their own special festival Zhuzhu Festival, their own language, but no scripts. Of the people living in the area along Shuiren-Nanning Highway, 95% are the Zhuang and Yao nationalities, and with the Zhuang alone making up 85%, therefore, people living along the proposed highway mainly consist of these two people, and their life style can be summarized as follows. 1. The minority nationalities mainly live on fanning by planting crops and fruit trees, together with raising pigs, sheep, cattle, ducks and fish. To go out to find a part-time job is an important means of increasing their income. 2. People's educational levels are generally high, with small percentage of illiterates. Most children can have a primary school education. In the wealthier areas, the parents indicated that they will give their children full support for them to get a higher level of education. 3. Women play an important role in both families and communities. After a lot of young and strong peasants go to work outside, women usually undertake the routine farn work and children's education, they play an even more important role than in the other parts of the country. 4. The area where the proposed highway passes is not only minority nationalities inhabited, but also underdeveloped in communications. This adversely impacts the economic, cultural as well as other activities there, hence directly affects the living standard of local people. The local residents are, therefore, anxious to have the highway constructed. Construction of the highway can not only improve the present transportation conditions there, hence boost the local economy and raise the people's living standard, but also promote the development in other aspects, and it will play an important role in solidification of the country. 1.5 Measures to Minimize Land Acquisition and Resettlement 1.5.1 Criteria Under the conditions that the technical standards are not lowered and the requirements of environmental protection are met, the following criteria have to be abided by in the determination of the alignment. 10  1. Prevent the highway from directly passing through cities, towns, thickly inhabited villages, schools, hospitals, mines, and large enterprises. 2. Keep the highway away from scenery spots and cultural relics with high level of preservation. 3. Use cultivated land as less as possible, making full use of barren mountains, beaches and uncultivated land and other land with little economic value. 4. Keep the highway away from towns or villages with less land area per capita, ensure a stable production and living standard for the local people. 5. Provide enough passageways, overpasses, so as to make life and production convenient. 1.5.2 Methodology 1. In the feasibility study of alignment scheme, the important areas to be completely kept clear of and spots of great importance must be determined first, the preliminary alignment scheme should be worked out based on an overall analysis in the aspects of engineering, environmental protection, resettlement etc.. 2. On the basis of the preliminary alignment scheme, on-the-spot investigation should be made, information regarding topography, landscape, historical relics, mineral resources and economic development planning should be gathered, the opinions from the local government and residents on the alignment scheme should be solicited. 3. The amount of land acquisition and house demolition should be measured quantitatively and investigation should be made on the opinions of local residents and on social economy. According to the relevant national regulations and policies, criteria should be set up compensation for different lands and for proper reemployment of labor force. Detailed examination should be made into the amount of different lands to be acquisitioned, the number of residents to be resettled, the status quo of rural areas, cultivated land, population structure, economy, and so on. If necessary, the primary design with the same depth should be made for each alternative alignment scheme. 4. Information of culture relics along the proposed highway should be further collected. 5. In the selection of the construction sites for the passageways and bridges, consultation should be make with GLARO, GCPDI and local governments. 6. When choosing the sites for service areas and other temporary projects, the LAROs at various levels, the design institution, together with the local township office, the land administration agency and planning agency should make an joint on-the-spot investigation, so as to use as less cultivated land as possible. 7. Based on the result of investigation, compensation for land acquisition and resettlement for different alignment schemes and the total investment (including environmental protection) should be reckoned. Meetings attended by representatives in engineering, environment protection and resettlement should be held. Local development plans, opinions from local government and residents should be taken into serious consideration. The following overall analysis and comparison of the investigation results must be made Project investment comparison; Feasibility of labor force resettlement (including farmers and non-farmers); Analysis of resettlement capacity in certain areas; Serious consideration of such factors as production, raw material supply, water supply, power supply, transportation facilities and so on of an enterprises to be removed, under the prerequisite of maintaining the production capacity and scale, analysis should be made on the difficulties in resettlement; Difficulties in restoration of such facilities as water supply for production and domestic use are to be analyzed; Difficulties in restoration and improvement of the people's living standard after land acquisition, should be studied from the viewpoint of the potential of the local economic development as to ensure the local people's life and production along the highway; Engineering project profit should be compared with the overall social profit. By the comparison and analysis mentioned above, local peoples' opinions on the optimum scheme should be solicited again to get the final recommended scheme. 11  During the period of detailed surveying, further detailed survey of the recommended alignment scheme at different places should be carried out in order to optimize the alignment scheme and to minimize land acquisition and house demolition; during the period of project implementation, the owner of the project and supervising engineer should check the construction arrangement scheme of the contractor so as to minimize the use of farm land; during the period of determination of RAP, and in choosing the sites for houses and other buildings, opinions from the affected families or units must be highly regarded by the LAROs so as to save the fertile and profitable land. 1.6 Technical and Economic Feasibility Study The Technical and Economic Feasibility Study has been approved by the Ministry of Communication and the National Planning Committee of the PRC. 1.7 Preliminary and Final Designs of the Project Entrusted by GCD, Guangxi Communications Planning, Survey and Design Institute (GCPDI) completed the initial survey of the recommended alignment by February 1999 and planned to complete the preliminary design by April 1999, and the final design by October 1999, which will be examined and approved by the highway specialists organized by MOC. 1.8 Project Ownership The project ownership belongs to GCD. 1.9 Investigation on Land Acquisition and Resettlement 1.9.1 Investigation In September 1996, a preliminary on-the-spot survey and investigation was made by XHU according to the Pre-feasibility Study Report. The objects of this investigation were the residents and units affected by land acquisition and house demolition. The main content of the investigation consists of the amount and quality of the cultivated land of the affected people because of land acquisition and house demolition, the financial situation of each impacted household, the financial situation of each impacted village (unit), the endurance limit of people to land acquisition and resettlement (LAR), the minority nationalities along the proposed highway, the public opinions on the project. According to the requirements in the memo signed jointly by the World Bank and GCD, GLARO and XHU set up an investigation panel and carried out a large-scaled investigation on LAR and social situation, with 200 investigators mobilized and 20 statisticians taking part in. The units participating in the investigation include GLARO, GCICAB, XHU, GCPDI, bureaus of communications, land administrative bureaus at county level, land administrative office of each township and village committees along the proposed highway. The aims of the investigation were to 1. optimize the alignment scheme, minimize the amount of resettlement work and the impact on local people, 2. provide data for the compiling of RAP, 3. provide basic materials for resettlement, 12  4. provide basic data for the resettlement program of the minority nationalities, and 5. provide background information for monitoring and evaluation. In April 1999, GCICAB and XHU selected 9 typical spots, at which they carried out a detailed overall investigation on a number of sensitive issues regarding minority nationalities along the proposed highway, such as their features, religious beliefs, life styles, policies of land contract as well as the measures for land acquisition and resettlement. In July 1999, GCICAB conducted investigations at the seriously impacted villages for each township/town along the proposed highway and, together with the local governments, worked out the resettlement measures for the impacted people. In August 1999, the final edition was worked out on the basis of thorough investigation on the resettlement measures for the impacted villages along the proposed highway. Extensive consultation has been made with the local governments and impacted villages for the resettlement and reconstruction plan. 1.9.2 Range of Investigation The range of investigation is as follows. Du'an-Nanning section was taken as expressway and the impacted range was determined as the belt zone within 30m away on each side of the highway measured from the centerline. For the recommended alignment scheme and alternative schemes, the impacted range was determined as the belt zone within 25m on each side of the highway measured from the centerline. For the link roads, the impacted range was determined as the belt zone within 15m on each side of the highway measured from the centerline. In consideration of the mitigation measures for the traffic noise prevention recommended in the Statement of Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA), the range impacted by demolition and resettlement was increased to a zone 40m away on each side of the highway measured from the centerline. This RAP is applicable to land acquisition and resettlement for the main line, interconnecting lines, link roads, temporarily used land and service areas, as well as resettlement resulting from the assessed traffic noise. 1.9.3 Content of Investigation The content of investigation includes 1. detailed information regarding the properties, houses, income and expenditure of each household whose land, buildings of other things attached to the land to be acquisitioned within the range of investigation; 2. location, type, and area of land to be acquisitioned within the range of investigation; 3. location, type, and building area of each house to be demolished within the range of investigation; 4. location, type, and number of attached objects on the land to be acquisitioned within the range of investigation; 5. location, type, and number of power, communication, transportation and water conservancy facilities within the range of investigation; 6. detailed information of an enterprise or institution whose land, buildings of other things attached to the land to be acquisitioned within the range of investigation; 7. opinions from local residents along the proposed highway; 8. general situation of each impacted village within the range of investigation; 9. statistical data and relevant laws or regulations concerning land acquisition and resettlement; 10. relationship between the proposed highway and large residential areas and towns. 11. method of resettlement for the impacted villages and any opinion on it. 12. characteristics of the minority nationalities and their religions. The investigations for the above items have been carried out by paying house to house visit, holding hearings and filling out questionnaires. The propaganda for each investigation has been 13  conducted with the help of charts, leaflets and oral introduction so as to provide enough information to the impacted people. Such information includes the layout of the alignment, land to be acquisitioned, as well as the policies for the implementation of them. Among people investigated in each investigation, above 90% are of minority nationality (mainly consisting of the Zhuang and Yao nationalities). Because the local minority nationalities can speak Putonghua (standard Chinese)fluently so the investigators can communicate with them directly and can easily get such information as the characteristics of each minority nationality, religious belief, living conditions, status of women, life style and desire for resettlement. There have been women in more than 70% of the investigations, and three investigations have been solely taken part by women. Special questions have been asked for women problems, including their status in a family, social status, social and family functions, and their routine work, education of girls, and these questions have been answered actively by them. 1.9.4 Investigation Methods Investigations along Suiren-Nanning Highway were carried out by three means: visiting, holding meetings and hearings as well as filling out questionnaires. l.Paying visits In the preliminary investigation carried out in 1996, the panel selected a number of relatively determined spots where the investigators paid visits to 32 impacted families altogether, of which 25 families are of the Zhuang nationality; 2 (in the suburbs of Nanning City), the Han nationality; and 5, the Yao nationality. During the visits, the investigators first introduced to the impacted people the alignment of proposed highway, its class as well as the resulting land acquisition and resettlement issues and environment ones. Then the investigators explained to them the problems they were concerned with, such as land, economy, their adaptability, nationalities, etc.. All the questions were answered out of their own will and detailed records were kept. During the large-scaled land acquisition and resettlement investigation in March 1999, technicians from the department of communications and land administrative bureau of each county, together with cadres from each village, conducted extensive propaganda for the project and detailed investigations on the impacted families. In the preliminary investigation carried out in April 1999, the panel and GCICAB selected 9 typical spots where the investigators paid visits to 15 impacted families altogether, of which 9 families are of the Zhuang nationality; 1, the Han nationality; and 4, the Yao nationality. Owing to the investigation, the visited people got the knowledge of impact from the project and the corresponding compensation measures. The investigators distributed the introductory materials of the project and introduced the compensation methods based on the Land Law of PRC. All the visited people were satisfied and were active in answering the questions. We adopted the methods of asking and answering questions as we did in 1996. All the questions were given and explained clearly and then answered by the visited people. 2.Hearings The investigation panel held 3 small hearings at the County Town of Du'an County; Jiuqin Village, Wuming County; and Naliang Village, Mashan County respectively, with 50 participants altogether, of which 35 were of the Zhuang nationality; 5, the Han nationality; and 10, the Yao nationality. After having introduced the project and explained their purposes, the investigators, together with the other participants held heated discussions on a number of issues such as resettlement measures, compensation methods, particular requirements from the minority nationalities and religious beliefs, etc., with detailed records kept. 3 .Questionnaires In order to get an overall understanding of the project impact and the people's lifestyle along the proposed highway; the panel compiled the Investigation Forms for the Resettlement Work along Shuiren-Nanning Highway. A whole set consists of 8 forms. An overall investigation was carried out within the range of investigation along the Shuiren-Nanning Highway, under the charge of GCICAB, XHU, GCPDI, and bureaus of communications as well as the land administrative bureaus concerned. There were eight types of questionnaires used in the investigation. See Appendix 1 14  Investigation Forms for the Resettlement Work along Shuiren-Nanning Highway in detail. The entire investigation was divided into the following three parts. I. indexes of concrete objects, including Type D O land acquisition, Type E O building demolition, Type F O facilities of power, communications and irrigation, and Type G E situation of enterprises and institutions. 2. societies and economy, including Type A O situation of households, Type B O public participation, Type C O socioeconomic situation, and Type H O government subsidy. 3. references, relevant statistical data, laws and regulations See Appendixes 1 and 2 for investigation indexes and procedures. ............................................................ ................................. I..................... ........... ........................ I............. ........... ..................................... GCICAB, GLARO Leading Prefecture/city (5 persons, including bodies governments (5 deputy a deputy director) magistrates) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.,.......... ................. . ...... ,,........................... .. .............................. ............... o 0~~~~~~~~~~~ C ~~~C4 'A - 0~~~~~ E DCZ- } E , j o. - X X-X 2 . ....... .... .. .. .. .. ... ... e: .. 0~~~~~~ 0 -C CZ) Township/town governments, their land offices, statisticians (150 persons) Village committees (120) Impacted families (6200) Fig. 1-1 Relationships between organizations in the investigation In August 1999, with the methods of filling out forms, GLARO made extensive investigation on measures for the resettlement of the impacted villages along the highway and the progress of implementation. These measures includes to reclaim waste land into terraced land, dry land into irrigated land, to develop multi-purposed farms on the surplus land for growing vegetables, raising pigs, ships, fish, planting fruit trees, bamboo shoots, and to put out labor force, etc.. 15  1.9.5 Organizations and Propaganda in the Investigation The investigation was carried out jointly by GLARO, GCICAB, GCPDI, XHU and the local communications bureaus concerned. GLARO acted as the leading body, in charge of the organization work for the entire investigation, and coordination of the relationship between each side. GCICAB acted as the implementing body of the project, in charge of the investigation of the economic indexes, standards, measures and so on, also responsible for the public propaganda of the project. GCPDI and XHU were the main bodies in implementing the investigation, responsible for carrying out the in situ investigation, training and arranging the investigators, gathering data, checking, handing over and taking over all materials. As a monitoring agency, XHU was in charge of the design of investigation procedures, their content and training of investigators. Local communication bureaus took over the rear service, organized the training of investigators and cooperated with the other bodies to complete the socioeconomic investigation. The local bureaus of land administration, statistics, water conservancy, power supply, transportation and the local governments of townships/towns also took part in the investigation. See Fig. 1-1 for the detailed relationship of the organizations in the investigation. During each field investigation, the investigators adopted various methods for propaganda such as charts, leaflets and oral introduction. In June 1999, GCICAB issued a circular in Guangxi Daily, dated 2nd, June (See Appendix 6). The circular gave a general introduction of the project and sought for the suggestions and opinions from individuals and units. Since the announcement of the news, by the end of August 1999, more than 50 people have given their personal opinions or the opinions of their units by telephone or letters, and their questions are mainly concemed with the layout of the alignment, resettlement plan, compensation measures, etc., and all of them have been answered by GLARO, and been reported to the compiling panel of RAP. 1.9.6 Fulflllment of Investigation Investigation on land acquisition and resettlement was completed by March 1999. 3,507 questionnaires were gathered, of which, 1850 questionnaires (type A) were for households, 907 (type B) for public participation, 229 (type C) for economic status quo, 303 (type D) for land acquisition, 151(type E) for house demolition, 35 (type F) for demolition and removal of power, communication and irrigation facilities, 21 (type G) for status quo of enterprises, 206 (type H) for those that had got assistance from civil administration organs. The general infornation of the investigation can be seen in Table 1-1 In August 1999, GLARO made extensive investigation on measures for the resettlement of the impacted villages and parts of impacted families along the highway. 236 questionnaires for the resettlement plan were gathered (see Appendix 8), of which, 2218 questionnaires were from the impacted households. The desired resettlement measures can be seen in Table 1-2 Table 1-1 General information of the investigation Households, enterprises or Districts institutions impacted family members impacted (person) Nationalities(person) or cities (number) impacted Land House Resettle- The The The acquisition demolition ment Zhuang Yao Han Total 6175 6163 8/4 29312 27213 1335 764 21614 2551 5137 16  Hechi city 309 309 1 Y4_8 2 1370 39 73 1251 161 60 Couanty 2692 2689 3 13057 11783 685 589 11359 1567 131 Mashan 892 892 4370 4042 292 36 2841 393 1136 County__ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ __ _ _ Wuming 1567 1567 7151 6856 240 55 5935 430 786 County ____ Outskirts of 715 706 5/4 3252 3162 79 11 228 3024 ,N anning __ __ I _ __ _ _ _ __ _ ____ __ _ __ _ Li __ __ __ __ _ __ _ _ I__ Source: Investigation on resettlement for Shuiren-Nanning Highway; Note: /the numbers of public units. Table 1-2 Desired Resettlement Measures Item Total Hechi Du'an Mashan Wuming Nanning Reclaim waste land 61 27 26 8 Change dry land into irrigated land 67 4 24 25 14 Make use of surplus land S0 24 26 Found vegetable production base 26 2 5 19 Multi-purpose raising 41 34 1 6 Grow fruits 29 6 23 Grow bamboo shoots 4 3 I Put out labor force 89 5 44 6 34 4 Compensate for land lose 81 13 2 57 9 Exemption grain taxation 18 18 Build quarries, agriculture produce processing factory, and market for 5 2 3 agriculture produces It can be seen from the table that it is feasible to adopt the measures such as reclaiming waste land into terraced land, developing multi-purposed farms on the surplus land for growing vegetables, raising pigs, ships, fish, planting fruit trees, bamboo shoots, and to put out labor force, etc.. 1.10 Preparation for the Investigation The compilation of Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is sponsored by GLARO. The investigation has been completed jointly by GCPDI, XHU and local communication bureaus, with XHU in charge of the compilation of RAP. Its summary was compiled by XHU in June 1998, on which the specialists from the World Bank have given a lot of instructive suggestions. The specialists have also given some important advice on RAP. In January, 1999, GLARO invited XHU and GCPDI to study the implementation procedure of acquisition and resettlement, and to work out the investigation program. From March 3 to March 18, 1999, it organized a large-scaled investigation on LAR and social status quo. From March 20 to March 27, 1999, XHU collected and checked the statistical data. It also carried out a revisiting investigation for the selected typical spots along the proposed highway in the early April. RAP (draft) has been compiled based on the preliminary design completed by the end April 1999 and other data. 17  Table 1-3 Organizations taking part in the preparation of RAP & their functions Name Functions The I. to organize the object, socioeconomic investigation for LRHDR, collect relevant laws Acquisition and regulations and 2. to consult with local govemments/bodies to impacted (households), sign agreement of Resettlement compensation Office of 3. to train personnel for local resettlement offices CDGZAR, 4. to sponsor the compilation and revision of RAP GCICAB 5. to take charge of the implementation of RAP conceming the minority nationalities GCPDI I. to carry out feasibility study, optimize the alignment scheme, minimize land acquisition on the basis of opinions from GCPDI, ROCDG and agency in charge of EPA . 2. to provide maps for investigation 3. to investigate on the land acquisition, together with the units concerned 4. to modify the alignment scheme locally based on the results of investigation Local 1. to cooperate in the resettlement resettlement 2. to provide local resettlement policies to the ROCDG offices 3. to participate in the consultation with ROCDG 4. to provide socioeconomic information to ROCDG 5. to work out concrete measures for resettlement and restoration XHU 1. to determine the content and procedures of investigation 2. to train the investigators, arrange and calculate the statistical data 3. to compile RAP 4. to be responsible for the investigation on the minority nationalities In the early July, 1999, GCICAB paid visits to the villages, towns and townships to carry out the investigation on the measures taken upon the seriously impacted villages along the Shuiren- Nanning Highway, thus, the resettlement plan was made. By the end of July 1999, XHU completed the revised version of RAP. The organizations taking part in the preparation of RAP can be seen in Table 1-3. 1.11 Schedule of Construction and Implementation Schedule of preparation and implementation of the project is tabulated in Table 1-4. Table 1-4 Schedule of preparation and implementation of the project Items Schedule Feasibility study report 11-1998 Preliminary design 04-1999 Evaluation 10-1999 Negotiation and signing agreement 11-1999 Construction drawing design 04-1999-10-1999 Construction preparation 06-1999-04-2000 Construction 2000.5-2004.5.10 1.12 Approval of Land Acquisition and Resettlement The schedule of approval of land acquisition and resettlement can be found in Table 1-5. Table 1-5 Schedule of permission of land acquisition and resettlement Approval Time Approving bodies Determination of the 1998 Has already been approved by the National project Planning Commnittee, and to be approved by the State Council Approval of RAP Before 08- The People's Government of GZAR 1999 Application for land 11-1999 The Ministry of State Land Resources acquisition 18  I  2 Impact of the Project Based on the data obtained in the land acquisition and resettlement investigation for Shuiren- Nanning Highway carried out in March 1999, and the preliminary design document issued in April this year, the impact of land acquisition and resettlement has been analyzed in this chapter. Its aim is to provide basic data for the succeeding chapters. 2.1 Definition of the Impact Permanently used land: It includes various cultivated or uncultivated lands within the redlines of land acquisition. See Questionnaires (Type D) in Appendix 1 (Resettlement Questionnaires for Shuiren-Nanning Highway Project) and Appendix 2 (A Guide to the Resettlement Investigation for Shuiren-Nanning Highway Project) for the definitions of various types of land. Buildings to be demolished: It refers to various types of buildings within the redlines of the proposed highway. The definition for each type of building can be found in Form E in Appendix I (Resettlement Questionnaires for Shuiren-Nanning Highway Project) and Appendix 2 (A Guide to the Resettlement Investigation for Shuiren-Nanning Highway Project). Power and telecommunications and water conservancy facilities to be removed: They consist of varied power, telecommunication and water conservancy facilities within the redlines of the proposed highway. Definition for each type of such facilities can be seen in Questionnaires (Type F) in Appendix 1 (Resettlement Questionnaires for Shuiren-Nanning Highway Project) and Appendix 2 (A Guide to the Resettlement Investigation for Shuiren-Nanning Highway Project). Impacted households: It stands for any household whose land, buildings or land-attached objects are within the redlines of the proposed highway. Impacted collective units: It may be any organized unit whose land, buildings or land- attached objects are within the redlines of the proposed highway. Impacted enterprises or institutions: they include all such organizations whose land, buildings or land-attached objects are within the redlines of the proposed highway. Impacted population: It is the total number of people from all the impacted households Types of impact: Impact of land located within the range of redlines is of land acquisition impact, while that of buildings or land-attached objects within the range of redlines is of resettlement impact. All the land to be used or acquisitioned for resettlement or for the main line, link roads, interchanges, service areas and temporarily used land are within the range of acquisition and resettlement in this RAP. The project impact also includes environmental impact and that resulting from land acquisition and house demolition for environmental protection. 2.2 General Introduction of the Impact According to investigation, 3 cities/prefectures, 23 townships (towns or offices), 63 villages will be involved. 6,163 households, 4 collective units and 8 enterprises/institutions are impacted. The number of households (including pubic units and enterprises/institutions) only impacted by land acquisition has reached 5,698, making up 92.5% of the total number. The number of households only impacted by resettlement is 318, accounting for 5.2% of the total number; while that impacted by both land acquisition and resettlement is 132, making up 2.3% of it. The number of impacted residents is as high as 29,302, of which 92.8% is by land acquisition, 4.6% by resettlement and 2.6% by both. Among the total number of the impacted people, the Zhuang makes up 73.8%, the Yao, 8.7%, and the Han, 17.5%. The project will temporarily use 3222.75mu of land, impacting 650 households. Because the noise level is beyond the required standard, it was pointed in the EIA that the impacted area will include a range with 40m from the centerline of the highway, so 130 households and one school(Yongning Primary School) will have to be removed. According to the statistical data, 19  Du'an County has the largest number of people impacted, succeeded by Masha and Wuming counties. See Table 2-1 for details. Table 2-1 General Situation of Impact of Land Acquisition and Removal Hechi City Du'an County Mashan Wuming Nanning County County Suburbs Total household Sub-total 309 2,692 892 1,567 715 Household 309 2,689 892 1,567 706 Collective unit 4 Enterprise or 2 institution Including: Land acquisition Sub-total 289 2,400 815 1,503 691 Household 289 2,400 815 1,503 686 Units Enterprise or 2 Institution Demolition and 3 removal Sub-total 7 172 69 52 18 Household 7 169 69 52 18 Unit Enterprise or 3 institution Land acquisition and removal Sub-total 9 97 8 12 6 Household 9 97 8 12 2 Unit 2 Enterprise or 2 institution Population 1,472 13,057 4,370 7,151 3,252 (person) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Land acquisition 1,370 11,783 4,042 6,856 3,162 Removal 39 685 292 240 79 Land acquisition 73 589 36 55 11 and removal Data source: investigation on acquisition and resettlement for Shuiren-Nanning Highway Project 2.3 Permanently Used Land Permanently used land along the recommnended alignment scheme of Shuiren-Nanning Highway is 24,260.78 mu, of which the cultivated land is 9,814.46 mu, making up 40.5% of the total and the uncultivated land is 14,446.32 mu, making up 59.5%. As to the households, permanently used land is mainly cultivated land. For collective units, enterprises and institutions, the land used is mainly uncultivated land, of which, the land of collective units is mainly of forest. According to land classification, the non-irrigated farmland ranks first, making up 46% of the total; and the irrigated land second, making up 37.1%. The statistical data can be found in table 2- 2. Table 2-2 Permanently Acquisitioned Land Unit : Mu Hechi City Du'an County Mashan Wuming Nanning County County District Total 2071.98 6069.11 4102.91 7606.26 3866.63 Paddy field 496.22 963.27 1175.12 785.18 223.80 Dry land 200.41 1693.17 1321.39 2563.83 393.86 Forest land 485.62 1219.34 1163.38 3157.35 152.85 Hillside field 101.30 118.56 118.84 167.07 512.62 Waste land 788.43 2074.80 324.18 932.83 1213.90 Data source: investigation on acquisition and resettlement for Shuiren-Nanning Highway Project 20  In the impacted area along the highway, the cultivated land per capita is 08-1.2 mu, land to be used along Wuming and Nanning Sections is mainly cultivated land, and this will have a greater impact on the villagers' agricultural production. While the impact will become comparatively slighter along Du'an and Mashan Sections since less cultivated land is to be used there. The average impact of permanently used land amounts to 14.87%. The impact of land for each village can be seen in attached Sheet 6. Based on the classification of impacted people by the World Bank, one will be considered as seriously impacted if he or she loses over 25% of his or her land. Otherwise, one will be regarded as partially impacted. From attached Sheet 6, there are as many as 29 villages, of which the rate of impacted land exceeds 25%, making up 16.47% of the total amount. There are as many as II villages, of which the rate of impacted land is over 40%, making up 6.25% of the total number; and 6 villages are even over 45%, making up 3.41% of the total amount. The impacted people in these seriously impacted villages will be mobilized and organized. 2.4 Temporarily Used Land Along Shuiren-Nanning Highway, the temporarily used land totals 3222.75mu, of which, the irrigated land is 399.47mu; the non-irrigated land, 1295.28mu; the sugarcane fields, 228.4mu; the orchards, 61.85mu; the vegetable plots, 2.5mu; the forest land, 605mnu; the wasteland, 610.8mu; and the fish ponds, 19.45mu. 2.5 Buildings to be Demolished Buildings to be demolished along the recommended alignment amount to 57,104 square meters, of which, buildings of brick wall with RC floor/roof amount to 18,428 square meters, of brick wall with timber roof 16,217 square meters, of earthy wall with timber roof 16,238 square meters, simply-built structures 6,221 square meters. All of them belong to 315 households, 3 enterprises/institutions respectively, the number of the people impacted totals 2,099. Of the total building areas, buildings of brick wall with RC floor/roof make up 32.3%, brick wall with timber roof 28.4%, earthen wall with timber roof 28.4% respectively. People impacted by house demolition are mainly consist of minority nationalities, such as the Zhuang and Yao nationalities, etc.. The data collected in each township can be found in Table 2-3. Table 2-3 General information for building demolition total building Building area (in2) of the buildings to be demolished Effective Area area Brick wall-RC Brick wall- Earth wall-tile (M2) roof/floor timber roof Others roof/floor Total 57,104 18,428 16,217 16,238 6,221 Sub-total of 51,867 17,068 15,466 16,238 3,253 household Hechi city 4,069 485 184 3,100 - Du'an County 25,525 8,672 4,949 8,162 788 Mashan County 11,798 3,664 3,173 4,784 177 Wuming County 10,505 4,247 6,081 24 153 Nanning 2,970 - 1,079 168 2,135 Suburbs Subtotal of 2,290 232 2,058 collective units , Hechi city Du'an County Mashan County Wuming County Nanning 2,290 232 2,058 suburbs Subtotal of 2,901 1,360 219 1,322 enterprise or 21  institution Hechi city Du'an County 1,618 1,360 194 64 Mashan County Wuming County Nanning 1,283 25 1,258 suburbsII Data source: investigation on acquisition and resettlement for Shuiren-Nanning Highway Project 2.6 Land-attached Objects Impacted Table 2-4 General information of land-attached objects enclosing Timb tree Timb tree Mature Young Effected Area grassplot Well wall (Tiecmb) (>1icm) (p10cm) fruit tree fruit tree (m (piece) ~~m (ic) (piece) (piece) (piece) (piece) Total 880 13 807 143 27,325 245,928 4,991 32,101 Hechi City 25 667 6,098 1,103 6,252 Du'an County 425 13 510 110 6,008 54,071 1,144 10,295 Mashan County 455 17 8 9,903 89,127 417 2,366 Wuming 220 3,067 27,602 746 4,229 County I__I__I Nanning 60 7,670 69,030 1,581 8,959 D istrict I__ _ __ _ _ _ __ _I__ _ _ _ I__ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _I__ _ _ _ _ _ Data source: investigation on acquisition and resettlement for Shuiren-Nanning Highway Project Within the range of redlines along the alignment of Shuiren-Nanning Highway, there are 5.03mu grassplots, 13 wells, 8,078m enclosing walls, 143 tombs, 322,084 forest trees and 71,452 fruit trees. See Table 2-4 for detailed information. 2.7 Impacted Population The number of impacted people from all the households along the alignment totals 29,302, with the following characteristics. According to sex, the male and female makes up 52.4% and 47.6% of the total impacted population. As to their age, people under 18 make up 36.3% of it, and those between 18 and 36 make up 37.4%, showing a younger age structure. In terms of nationalities, 73.8% are of the Zhuang nationality; 8.7%, the Yao nationality; and 17.5%, the Han nationality. Based on educational level of the people at the age of 6 or above, the illiterate/half-illiterate account for 5.5% of the total, those with primary school education, 37.4%, those with middle school education or above, 44%, which shows that the educational level of the people along the proposed highway is relatively low. According employment, the number of employed people 15-year old or above is 16,848, with an employment rate of 57.5%; while that of unemployed people 15-year old or above is 12,453, resulting in an unemployment rate of 42.5%. The unemployed mainly consist of school students or pre-school children. Table 2-5 shows the characteristics of impacted population. The income of the farmers mainly comes from production of grains, vegetables, fruits, cane sugar, animal husbandry and the output of labor force, etc.. In some under developed districts such as Du'an and Machan counties, the income from output of labor force can be as high as 50% of the total income. Therefore, the impact on the farmers' income is closely related to situations of the-district where the farmers live. As to the yearly income per capita, it is around 1500RMByuan in Du'an and Mashan counties, 2000RMByuan in Hechi City and 2500 RMByuan in Wuming County and Nanning City. Table 2-5 Characteristics of impacted population Index Total Hechi Du'an Mashan Wuming Nanning city County County County suburbs -With respect to the total population Number (person) 29,302 1,472 13,057 4,370 7,151 3252 Rate (%) 100.0% 5 44.6 14.9 24.4 11.1 22  Sex _ _ _ _ Male 51.9 52.2 52.7 52.5 52.9 52.3 Female 48.1 47.8 47.3 47.5 47.1 47.7 In terms of age (%) 0-6 5.2 76 679 227 372 169 6-18 31.1 458 4,061 1,359 2,224 1,011 18-36 37.4 550 4,883 1,634 2.674 1,216 36-60 19.4 286 2,533 848 1,387 631 >60 6.9 102 901 302 494 225 In terms of education level (age over 1,396 123,78 4,143 6,779 3,083 6 year-old ) Illiterate 63.0% 88 780 261 427 194 Primary school 43.1% 602 5,335 1,786 2,922 1,329 Middle school 50.6% 706 6,263 2,096 3,430 1,560 In terms of employment _ Employment (%) 57.5 846 7,508 2,513 4,112 1,870 Unemployment (%) 42.5 626 5,549 1,757 3,039 1,382 Data source: investigation on acquisition and resettlement for Shuiren-Nanning Highway Project 2.8 Collective Units, Enterprises/institutions Impacted Eight enterprises will be impacted by land acquisition, and a few of them will suffer from slight impact of house demolition and removal. Their production and life will be temporarily impacted only, resulting no serious effect. The general information of these 8 enterprises is listed in Table 2-6. Table 2-6 General information of 8 investigated enterprises Name of the Items investigated enterprise Ownership Number of Staff scale Yearly output Staple products/functions (person) (I 0,OOOyuan) Gaofeng Forest Public-owned 3,000 Large-scaled 12,000 Timber, fiberboard, red bricks, rosin, turpentine Nanning Railway State-owned 1.400 Medium-scaled To ensure the safety of the Service Center railway lines Hongxing industrial State-owned 300 Small-scaled 1,050 Fish-raising, longan, litchi, company Ltd., (public-owned) mango Nanning Animal husbandry State-owned 800 Medium-scaled 2,006 Pig, chicken, duck, longan, litchi research institute Dongfeng State-owned 500 Small-scaled 600 Bamboo shoot, seedless yellow plantation fruit, longan, litchi Note: (]) The previous Hongguang Plantation, Hongxing Group, and Gaopo Plantation have been merged into the Hongxing Industrial Company Ltd.. (2) Because their Engineering Feasibility Study has not been approved yet, neither the location of the alignment at the enterprises nor their land to be acquisitioned can be determined, nor can the suggested compensation and resettlement measures, but the compensation will be made according to the corresponding standard. 2.9 Impacted Infrastructures Impacted infrastructures mainly include power transmission lines, telecommunication cables, and water conservancy and transportation facilities. The general information of impacted infrastructures can be seen in Table 2-7 Table 2-7 General information of impacted infrastructures Items Total Hech City Du'an Mashan Wuming Nanning County County County suburbs I I 0,OOOV(m/base) 1800/3 1800/3 35,000V(m/base) 17650/30 850/2 15000/25 1800/3 l 0,OOOV(m/base) 89255/381 7200/30 53150/211 13990/49 12600/72 2315/19 380V or under 5860/42 1200/10 840/17 2600/14 1100/8 120/3 Transmission 17204/388 7400/148 660/13 8000/160 1144/24 line(m/pole) I I I Hanged fiber-optical 24550/409 _ 19200/380 4200/13 1150/10 23  cable m'pole) Embedded fibber- 10630 10500 130 optical cable (m) 1. The power facilities to be demolished included 1800m/3bases of 11 O,OOOV power transmission line, 89255m/381bases of l0,OOOV power transmission line, and 5860ml42poles of 380V(or under) power transmission line, and 15 transmitters, all of which belong to local power administrative bureaus or corporations. 2. The communication facilities to be demolished included 17204m/388poles of cables, 35190m of fiber-optical cables, all of which belong to local telecommunication bureaus or cable administrative bureaus or state-owned enterprises. 3. The Project includes 980 culverts for drainage or irrigation, some passageways are also used for irrigation. 2.10 Environmental Impact According to the results of EIA, noise will mainly impact the amount of land to be acquisitioned. Therefore, such measures as increasing the amount of acquisitioned land, afforestation and building sound barriers are to be taken at some sections, which will directly or indirectly impact the amount of land to be acquisitioned. It has been proposed in the EIA that for some sensitive sections, resettlement range be increased to 40m from the centerline on each side of the highway, whereas from in situ investigation, the side slopes will almost cover this range, so the further increased quantity of acquisitioned land has not been calculated in this RAP. Located beside the Xijin Interchange, Yongning Primary School is seriously affected by the heavy traffic noise. Measures for its removal has been made in the Statement of EIA. Its cost is estimated at 600,OOORMB yuan, which has not been included in this RAP. 3 Resettlement Policies 3.1 Laws and Regulations 3.1.1 Land Administration Laws and Implementation Regulations Issued by the Central Government These include *the Land Administration Law of the PRC (going into effect from January 1, 1999) -the Land Administration Implementation Regulations of the PRC (going into effect from February 1, 1991 ) -the Notice on Unifying the Taxation Standards of Land Acquisition for Highway Construction of the Ministry of Finance of the PRC (going into effect from January 1, 1990) -the Forestry Law of the PRC (going into effect from Sept. 20, 1984) 24  3.1.2 Implementation Measures for the Particular Regulations of the Central Government Issued by the People' s Government of GZAR Because the Land Administration Law of the PRC only began to take effect from January 1999 and the corresponding implementation measures of the People' s Government of GZAR and local governments are still under discussion for the time being, the laws and regulations in the RAP are to be implemented directly in accordance with the Land Administration Law of the PRC, and they will become effective after approved by the People' s Govemrnment of GZAR. 3.1.3 Extracts of Laws and Regulations 875. Main clauses on land ownership * City land is of collective ownership, of which land in rural or suburban area, unless specified to be owned by the state, is owned collectively by peasants; courtyards and family plots are also owned by peasants collectively. (Article 8 of the Land Administration Law of the PRC) * Land collectively owned belongs to peasants according to law, which is to be managed by the collective economic organizations of a village, or its administrative committee (Article 1O of the Land Administration Law of the PRC) - the Land Administration Law of the PRC, article 14 states "during the effective period of a land contract, appropriate adjustment of land between some individuals must agreed on by more than 2/3 of all the villagers, or by 2/3 of the villagers' representatives in a village, and approved by a town or township government and an administration in charge of agriculture in a county government." * Land collectively owned should be registered by a county government, which is also responsible for checking and issuing land certificates and verifying land ownership. (Article 11 of the Land Adrministration Law of the PRC) * Forests are state owned unless specified to be owned collectively. (Article 3 of the Forest Law of the PRC) 2. Major laws on the right of land utilization * State owned land may be contracted collectively or individually for farming, afforestation, animal husbandry and fishery. (Article 15 of the Land Administration Law of the PRC) * Registration should be undertaken for the change of land ownership or its right of use according to the law. (Article 12 of the Land Administration Law of the PRC) * Land ownership and its right of use are to be protected by law, which any unit or individual should not infringe upon. (Article 13 of the Land Administration Law of the PRC) * Any controversy on land ownership should be settled by consultations between the concerned, but if failed, it should be arbitrated by the people governments. Any controversy between units should be settled by a people's government at county level or above; that between individuals or between individuals and units should be resolved by the people's government at township level or at county level or above. If the concerned are not satisfied with the solution, they can sue to the people's courts within 30 days after receiving it. Before the resolution of a controversy, neither party could change the present state of land. (Article 16 of the Land Administration Law of the PRC) 3. Regulations on land acquisition for construction * Any unit or individual that needs land for construction should make application for it in accordance with law. (Article 43 of the Land Administration Law of the PRC) . It should be approved in terms of law for farmland to be used for construction. For the construction of highways, pipeline projects and large-scaled infrastructure approved by province, autonomous region, municipality and their use of land approved by the State Council, any farmland to be involved should be ratified by the State Council. (Article 44, Section I and 2 of the Land Administration Law of the PRC) * After approved, land acquisitioned by the State should be notified and put into effect by the 25  local government at county-level or above. Anyone with the ownership and right of using the acquisitioned land should go to the local land administration office with the land certificate for land compensation within the period notified. (Article 46 of the Land Administration Law of the PRC) 3.1.4 Main Regulations on Land Compensation and Labor Force Resettlement * Land acquisitioned will be compensated according to its original function (Article 47 of the Land Administration Law of the PRC) * Compensation for cultivated land includes that for land, resettlement and land-attached objects as well as young plants. Compensation for acquisitioned land should be 6 to 10 times the price of the average annual output in the preceding three years before land acquisition. Resettlement compensation should be worked out according to the population to be resettled in the countryside. The agricultural population should be figured out in terms of cultivated land to be acquisitioned divided by the amount of cultivated land per capita before land acquisition. Resettlement compensation for each farmer is 4 to 6 times the price of the average annual output in the previous three years before land acquisition. However, resettlement compensation of cultivated land per hectare should be at most not more than 15 times the price of the average annual output in the preceding three years before the land acquisition. (Article 47 of the Land Administration Law of the PRC) * Compensation for other land to be acquisitioned and resettlement subsidy should be determined in accordance with the corresponding regulations issued by the province, the autonomous region and the municipality. (Article 47, Section 2 of the Land Administration Law of the PRC) * Compensation for the land-attached objects and young plants should be carried out in accordance with the regulations issued by the province, the autonomous region and the municipality. (Article 47, Section 4 of the Land Administration Law of the PRC)