China - Guangxi Highway Project : environmental impact assessment (Vol. 3 of 4)

E-290 PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA VOL.3 GUANGXI ZHUANG REGION HIGHWAY PROJECT SHUIRENODUANONANNING HIGHWAY ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN ( Final Draft) Guangxi Zhuang Region Communication Department Nanning, China September, 1999 1 9 PREFACE Hechi(Shuiren)-Duan-Nanning Highway (called Shuiren-Nanning Highway) is the main section of Chongqing-Zhanjing National Artery Highway, serving as an easy access to the sea ports. It is one of the three main sections of "The National Artery Highway Configuration Planning" approved by the state council. The total length of the proposed main highway is 237.588km, including 140.733km of expressway, 97.182km of class-two highway. Five connecting lines with a total length of 25.6km under Class-two are planned at 5 county town sites and a tourist resort. The total estimated cost is 4,117.2 million RMB yuan with inclusion of 1.660,billion RMB yuan of the World Bank Loan. The EIA of Shuiren-Nanning Highway was compiled by Xian Highway University. In November, 1998, and it worked out the first edition of EIS. In early December, 1998, the Environmental Protection Agency of the MOC held a pre-review meeting on the EIA in Nanning. Based on the new edition of the "Project Feasibility Study Report of the Hechi(Shuiren)]DuanONanning Highway" of Dec. 1998, the EIS was completed in January, 1999 (edition for review & approval). In May,1999, the second edition was finished (revision).In September,1999, the final edition is achieved. To obtain the environment protection targets put forward in the EIA and to control or mitigate the adverse impacts due to the construction project, the environmental action plan of Shuiren-Nanning Highway is compiled on the basis of the project features, the design documents concerned and environment protection references of highway construction provided by the World Bank. è a 4 Contents Preface 1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION GENERAL........ .......................... 1.1 General Introduction.............................................(1) 1.2 Main Standards in EIA............................................ (4) 1.3 Main Conclusions of the EIS ......................................(4) 1.4 Environment Managerial Laws and Criteria............................... (5) 1.5 Environmental Management Institutions and Their Responsibilities........................... (6) 1.6 Composition of Environmental Action Plan.............................. (9) 2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACTIONS ............................. (10) 2.1 Management Plan of EP for Project Feasibility Study Phase .................... (10) 2.2 Environmental Protection Actions for Design Phase .......................... (10) 2.3 Environmental Protection Actions for Construction Phase ..........7.........(17) 2.4 Environmental Protection Actions for Operation Phase ...................... (18) 2.5 Estimated Cost on Environmental Protection ..............................(. 20) 2.6 Environmental Training ........................................... (21) 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SURVEILLANCE PLAN ........ ............. (23) 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN .................................. 24) 4.1 Objective of Monitoring............................................. (24) 4.2 Surveillance Institutions............................................ (24) 4.3 Implementation of Monitoring ....................................... (24) 4.4 Instruments, Cost and System for Monitoring Report ........................ 25) Annex 1: Key Elements of the EAP for Shuiren-Nanning Highway .................. (27) Annex 2:Environmental Standards ...........................................(32) Annex 3: Preventive Schemes Against Soil Erosion of Shuiren-Nanning ..............(35) Drawing :Environment and Monitoring spots along the Shuiren-Nanning Highway ABBREVIATIONS EIA: environmental impact assessment EMP: environmental monitoring plan EP: environmental protection ETOR: Outline of EIA of Shuiren-Nanning Highway EPO: Environmental Protection Office GEAB: Guangxi Regional Expressway Administrative Bureau GEPB: Guangxi Environmental Protection Bureau SEPA: State Environmental Protection Administration GCD: Guangxi Communications Department GCPDI: Guangxi Communications Planning, Survey and Design Institute MOC: Ministry of Communications PMO: Project Management office of Guangxi Highway Project Financeal by the World Bank GAL: Guangxi Archaeological Institute GALR: Guangxi Communication of Land Acquisition and Resettlement GCICAB: Guangxi Communications Infrastructure Construction Administration Bureau GCRD: Guangxi Cultural Relics Division EMS: Environmental Monitoring Station WB: The World Bank 1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION 1. 1General Introduction 1. The Shuiren-Nanning Highway is one of the important parts of the national trunk-line Chongchen- Zhanjang Highway, one of the three key highways in the "National Trunk Line Configuration Planning" approved by the State Council. Therefore, it is essential to achieve the general planning target in the general highway planning configuration of the state. The proposed project goes from north to south, passing through Hechi, Duan, Mashan, Wuming, and it is destined at Nanning. The study areas are peopled mainly by minority nationalities. Duan County and Mashan County through which the proposed route will pass are ones of the poorest counties of both Guangxi provincial and country leve which receive assistance. Although these counties are rich in natural resources, their economy is backward mainly because of poorer traffic conditions. The construction of the highway will provide these areas with a better infrastructure to help them to get rid of poverty and become rich. For the geographical location of the alignment, refer to Fig.1-1. 2. The total length of the proposed road is 237.588 km. The whole route is divided into two sections for which three different technical standards will be adopted considering the following factors: the predicted traffic volume, the level of economical growth of the respective areas, the natural conditions, construction capital and the state planning for the highway configuration. They are: 1) Section from Hechi(Shuiren) to Duan K96+00001K194+300. The new construction mileage is 97.855 km with standards Class-two , including: Section K96+0000K163+748 with a length of 66.155 km in hilly heavy rolling area; the design driving speed is 60 km/h; and section K163+7480K194+300 with a length of 30.70 km in plain light rolling area; the design driving speed is 80 km/h. 2) Section from Duan to Nanning K194+300EK335+139. The new construction mileage is 140.733 km. Standards for this section will be expressway in plain light rolling areas; design speed is 100 km/h. The construction scale, major technical indices and work amount are shown in Table 1-1. 3. Connecting Line There are 5 connecting lines, which can play a better role of the proposed highway in the economic are planned at 5 county town sites and a tourist resort. The connecting lines will be built according to class-two standards. The five lines comprise: Duan County Town line (1.5 km), Mashan County Town Line (4.0km), Dahua County Town Line (16.0km), Wuning County Town Line (3.8km) and Yilingyan Line (0.3km). Fig.1-1 Geographical Location 2 Table 1-1 Major Technical Standards and Work Amount for the Highway NO. item unit class-two highway expressway total Shuiren3Daxi DaxingElDuan DuaniNanning ng I mileage km 66.155 30.70 140.733 237.588 2 terrain features hilly heavy plain light plain light I_ _ rolling area rolling area rolling area 3 design driving speed km/h 60 80 100 4 min. radtus of curve m 200 400 700 5 max. longitudinal grade 0 6 5 4 6 subgrade width m 15.0 15.0 26.0 7 bridge design load Auto-20 trailer-120 8 design flood frequency of bridges & culverts extremely large bridge 1/100 1/100 1/300 large & medium bridge 1/100 1/100 1/100 subgrade, small bridge & culvert 1/50 .. 1/50 1/100 9 subgrade earthwork 10000m, 369.13 64.53 2256.44 3772.95 earth stone 10000m, 728.09 103.92 10 drainage & protection of embankment 10000m3 57.747 27.496 77.197 162.44 11 extremely largeosized bridge & large m/place 464/3 767.0/4 1231/7 bridge 12 mediumOsized bridge m/place 601/6 992/8 260/4 1853/18 13 small bridge m/place 76.5/2 696.5/22 773/24 14 culvert place 227 116 637 980 15 passage place 168 168 16 level crossing set 20 4 24 17 grade separation place 24 24 18 interchange place 6 6 19 land acquired mu 5696 1299 17255.1 24250.1 20 buildings to be demolished m2 18042 8952 30110 57104 21 toll station place 2 1 7 10 22 parking lot place 4 4 23 serving area place 2 2 24 Connecting road(class-two) km 25.6 25.6 25 cost(RMB) 10000yuan 72672.29 20994.10 326110.833 419782.22 4. The project is planned to commence in May, 2000, completed and put into operation in May, 2004, the construction period being 4 years. 5. The total cost for the recommended plan of the proposed highway is estimated as 4,117.0172 million RMB yuan including 1,660.00 million RMB yuan(200 million) from the World Bank loan, 1,000.000 million RMB yuan appropriated by the MOC, some other self-raised by GCD and loan from some internal banks. 1.2 Main Standards in EIA 1. For environmental impact assessment of acoustics, Environmental Noise Standards in Urban 3 Areas GB 3096-93 is adopted. For schools and hospitals along the route class-one is adopted, and for villages and residential areas class-four is adopted. 2. For the EIA of ambient air, class-two standards in GB 3095-1996 are adopted. For emission of atmospheric pollutants, class-two standards are adopted (GB 16290-1996); 3. For water environment, class-three standards are adopted in Surface Water Quality Standards GB 3838-88. For emission of domestic sewage, Water Quality Standards of Farm Irrigation GBB5084- 92 and class-one standards in Sewage Emission Standards GB 8978-1996 are adopted. 4. Class-2 standards in Soil Environmental Quality Standards GB 16518-1995 and Pb Limit Sanitation Standards in Food GB 14935-94 are adopted. 1.3 Main Conclusions of the EIS 1.3.1 Assessment of Existing Environment (1) The soil and crops along the alignment are fairly good not affected by the Pb. (2) The environmental noise at the schools and villages comply with relevant standards in GB 3096- 93. (3) The water quality in the rivers and reservoirs complies with classO:two standards except Diaojiang River in which COD exceeds classIthree standards. (4) The air along the alignment is quite good meeting classOtwo standards in GB 3095-1996 at all eight monitoring spots. 1.3.2 Prediction Analysis Conclusion of Impact on Environment 1.3.2.1 Phases of Design and Construction (1) The impact in the construction phase is decrease of farmland, damage to vegetation and soil erosion. These impacts could be alleviated by use of rational selection of alignment, plantation of trees, building catch ditches, protection slopes or earth. settlement tanks. (2) The construction will not have impact on water environment by strengthening management and adopting advanced techniques in bridge construction. (3) The noise and dust during construction do have some effect on environment. However, the effect can be mitigated by means of reasonable construction time and location to reduce impact on school teaching and other sensitive locations. (4) No rare plant and animal species occur in the study areas, so there is no impact on them. (5) No important cultural relics have been found along the alignment within the assessment scope. (6) The alignment is in favor of masses and governments along the route. (7) The recommended scheme is superior to the alternatives in many respects as environmental impact, land use, public opinions and urban development. The comparison among the highway to be or not to be construction shows the superiority of construction for local economy, traffic safety, environmental protection etc. (8) In construction phase, the existing roads will be affected severely. But this effect could be mitigated by construction section by section and control of the traffic. (9) The Hechi-Duan section is mountainous, that is, large excavation can not be avoidable. A detailed survey has been made to reduce largely the excavation amounts and areas. Also, some plantation design will work in order to minimum the impact on local scenery and soil erosion. 1.3.2.2 Operation Phase (1) The impact on ecosystem in construction phase is resulted from dust and emitted lead by vehicles. However, the dust has very minor impact on crops due to the fact that there is plenty of intensive rain that continues long. There is slight lead impact on the route areas. (2) The runoff from pavement in the early stage of operation has minor impact on the water quality except that it has some impact on the water in Chengjiang River (mainly risky accidents). The sewage from tolling stations could be used as manure for farming after disposed of. (3) The risk of spill of hazardous materials will not be neglected, especially at the section of 4 Chengjiang. (4) In 2024 in operation phase, the standards at 47 places (35 villages, 10 schools and 1 hospital) will be in excess. Noise preventive measures will be taken at those locations where noise exceeds the standards. (5) The exhaust gases will deteriorate the air quality along the highway in operation phase, but the extent will not exceed class]itvo standards in GB3095-1996. (6) The traffic safety on connecting lines must be taken into account. (7) The benefit/cost analysis shows that the implementation of the preventive measures will bring about significant social environmental benefit. 1.4 Environment Managerial Laws and Criteria (1) Laws *The Environment Protection Law of the P.R.C., December 26,1989; -The Protection and Control Law of Water Pollution of the P.R.C., May, 1996; -The land Management Law of the P.R.C., June 25, 1986; *The protection and Treatment Act of Noise Pollution of the P.R.C., Oct. 26, 1996; -The Ambient Pollution Prevention and Protection Law of P.R.C.; Water Pollution Prevention and Protection Law of P.R.C, May ,1996; * Antiques Protection Law of P.R.C Nov.29,1982; -Measures for Environmental Protection of Construction Projects by the NEPB, No.(86) 003, March 26, 1986; *The Water Law of the P.R.C., January 21, 1988; -The Conservancy Law of Water and Soil of the P.R.C., June 29, 1991; -River Courses Management Laws of the P.R.C., June 10, 1986; -Design Regulations for EP of Construction Projects No.002(87); -Management Guidelines on Protection of Drinking water sources, No.201(89); -Safety Management Regulations for Chemical Hazardous Goods, February 17, 1987; -Temporary Provisions of Report on Environmental Pollution and Destructive Accidents, September 10, 1987; - Measures for environmental Protection of Transport Construction Projects by the MOC, No.(90) 17; -Circular of Strengthening of the Environmental Impact Assessment of Management of the Projects Funded by the International Financial Loan by the NEPB, the NPC, MOF etc. No.(1993) 324, June 21, 1993; *The world bank operational manual OP/BP/GP4.01: Environmental Assessment, October 1991; The world bank operational manual OD4.20: Indigenous Peoples, September 1991. (2) Criteria - Quality Standards of Surface Water, GB3838-88; * Standards of Ambient Air Quality, GB3095-1992; Noise Standards at Urban Areas, GB3096-93; Sanitation Standards of Ambient Noise of Industrial Enterprises, January 1,1980; Noise Levels of Construction Site Boundary, GB12523-90; Emission Standards of Asphaltic Pollutants, GB4916-85; - Ambient Vibration Standards in Urban Areas, GB 10071-88 1.5 Environmental Management Institutions and Their Responsibilities The environmental protection (EP) institutions fall into managerial and monitoring. See Fig. 1-2. 1. Managerial institutions The Guangxi Communications Department (GCD) is responsible for the EP management. Its responsibilities are: to coordinate the EP management between executive departments and employers; instruct employers to implement the managerial measures. The divisions are: The EP department under PMO is responsible for the EP plans and environmental management during the design phase, and is responsible for the implementation and management of the EAP during the construction phase as well. The Guangxi Expressway Administrastive Bureau (GEAB) is responsible for the EAP during the 5 operation phase. 2. Surveillance institutions See Fig. 1-2 for the surveillance that will be conducted by stage. a) Stage of feasibility study: The following institutions will be in charge: The State EP Bureau(SEPA), the EP commission of the MOC, the EP Bureau of Guangxi (GEPB), the Bank and GCD. SEPA: the most superior executive department responsible for the routine surveillance in EP all over the country including review of the outlines of EIS, approval of EIS and guidance of implementation of regulations by the provincial EP bureau; responsible for check & acceptance of EP works. GEPB responsibilities: to supervise and manage EP in construction projects; to organize and coordinate service in EP; to review EIS, outlines of EIS when asked by the SEPA or to approve EIS; to supervise the implementation of EAP; to check and accept EP works; to determine regulations and Fig.1-2 EP Institutional Arrangements Sketch of Shui-Nan Highway 6 Fig. 1-3 7 departments, to be responsible for the construction and acceptance of EP works and surveillance of operation service. d) Operation phase is in charge of by the GEAB and GEPB. e) The environmental monitoring in both construction and operation phases is in the charge of the provincial environmental monitoring departments and the monitoring stations of the prefectures and counties concerned. During the construction phase, the two supervisors from the project agency of the PMO will be responsible for the supervision of the implementation of EP measures in EAP and tendering documents. Upon completion of the project, specialized people will be assigned to take responsibilities of EP in their areas in the following cities and counties: Hechi, Duan, Mashan, Wuming and Nanning. Fire brigades and ambulance corps will be coordinated and controlled by the county governments. 1.6 Composition of Environmental Action Plan . Environmental Management Plan: management activities to prevent or mitigate the adverse impacts. * Environmental Supervision Plan: supervision activities to ensure synchronous implementation of mitigative measures together with the project cohstruction. . Environmental Monitoring Plan: monitoring activities to eliminate pollution during both construction & operation phases. 8 2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACTIONS 2.1 Management Plan of EP for Project Feasibility Study Phase The major EP task during the viability study phase is the EIA of the project. The compilation of the EIA is undertaken by Xi'an Highway university. The EIA panel made the field reconnaissance survey in detail. An EIA was compiled in January, 1999 as a result and its second edition was completed in May, 1999, the final edition is achieved in September, 1999. To implement the EP measures put forward in the EIA and prevent or mitigative the negative impacts of the projects, the Environmental Action Plan has been worked out as a result of consultation with designers, resettlement mission, and World Bank Project Agency of Guangxi Communication Division. In September, 1999, the final draft was completed. 2.2 Environmental Protection Actions for Design Phase These measures have basically been determined, and should be optimized as necessary in design phase. 2.2.1 Route Selection (1) The alignment will be selected considering minimizing land acquisition, relocation and resettlement, and impact of air pollution and noise on environmentally. (2) The alignment will avoid cities, towns and other sensitive locations as much as possible. (3) The alignment will be selected considering reducing cutting mountain to protect the resource of landscapes. 2.2.2 Social Disruption 168 passes (average every 700m) and 24 grade separators will be constructed to facilitate the crossings of the expressway by local people, animals and vehicles. 2.2.3 Soil Erosion and Land Resources (1)Trees and grasses will be planted in the side slopes and other parts within the occupied slopes. The slopes in the mountainous areas will be stabilized by various techniques including retaining and protecting walls in order to avoid flooding of the slopes. (2) Subgrade drainage system will be installed. (3) 980 culverts will be constructed to retain the irrigation function. 2.2.4 Noise A combination of measures such as resettlement, installation of noise barriers and afforestation will be undertaken to mitigate the short and medium term noise problems. Before the operation of the highway, 13 villages and 2 schools (1 school will be removed because the land is needed by Highway) will be relocated and approximately 3450 m2 noise barriers will be built at sensitive locations. In Table 2-1 are listed the villages exceeding the standards by more than 3 dB at night in 2014; in Table 2-2, the schools exceeding the standards by more than 3 dB in 2024 in daytime are listed. Based on the existing conditions of a particular place, the following measures are proposed to take: (1) It is suggested that in construction the housing in the residential centers within 40 m from the road center be demolished, considering the fact that the noise level at night in 2006 or 2014 exceeds the standards by more than 5.0 dB. See Table 2-1. There is much less demolition in mountainous villages because the houses are located sparsely. Besides, the slopes of ShuirenEDuan Secti6n is very steep, so 40m of land in width is used for embankment. Therefore, there will not be more removal due to impact of traffic noise. (2) In the villages where the level exceeds the standards by more than 4.0 dB in 2024, the noise preventive measures and implementation time will be determined according to the monitoring level behind 2014. See Table 2-1. (3) Noise preventive measures will be taken at the schools where the excess is more than 3dB in 2024 in daytime. See Table 2-2. Table 2-1 Villages Exceeding 3dB in Noise Level and Preventive Measures 9 -. . predicted levels & excessive amount Leq(dB) measures suggested < 0 2006 2014 2024 Ld Ln Ld Ln Ld Ln I Hulu 265 30 5 0 0 0 2.6 0 3.3 measures are to be K110+35 determined according to 2 Yangjiadian 280 25 2 0 0.8 0 3.8 0 4.6 monitoring levels after Kl47+200 2015 3 Keyang 152 25 I 0 0.8 0 3.8 0 4.6 K 150+700 4 Xiata 130 25 4 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 resettlement is 40m within 5 K166+000 road center; less 5 Weizou 550 25 2 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 removement due to some K168+400 10 households 6 Bale 120 25 1 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 removement is 40m within 5 Kl71+800 road center; less 7 Duicheng 185 25 5 0 2.4 0 5.4 0 6.1 removement of some 45 K173+200 households[ 8 Bancai 450 25 4 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 K 176+200 9 Bayang 310 25 4 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 K179+300 10 Bama 610 25 2 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 removement is 40m within 5 K185+700 road center; less 11 Bali 495 25 3 0 4.3 0 7.3 0 8.0 removement of 45 K186+750 households 12 Baicai 343 25 1 0 7.0 2.5 9.5 3.4 10.4 K 194+400 13 Dongpan 350 25 2 0 7.0 2.5 9.5 3.4 10.4 K199+300 14 Bantan 276 40 3 0 2.5 0 5.0 0 5.9 villagers will plant trees 2 K206+750 between 15 Badu 567 50 1 0 0.7 0 3.3 0 4.] road & village in the K211+500 charge of GCICAB. 16 Duili 267 25 1 0 7.0 2.5 9.5 3.4 10.4 removement is 40m within 5 K211+500 road center; less 17 Baxing 278 25 1 0 0.7 2.5 9.5 3.4 10.4 removement of 8 K213+000 households 18 Jiaochang 329 50 5 0 2.2 0 4.8 0.3 5.7 besides planting trees, 2 K253+800 more measures will be 19 Nalang 201 40 1 0 4.0 0.7 6.6 1.6 7.5 taken according to the K258+800 monitoring after 2015, in the charge of GCICAB. 20 villages at double-layer windows for 10 connecting the first row houses at lines villages 50m within the road, some 150 households in number. Table 2-2 Environmental Noise at Schools & Hospitals and Preventative Measures a T . 1 F -c a a predicted levels & excessive amount Leq(dB) measures suggested 2006 2014 2024 0 Ld Ln Ld Ln Ld Ln I Keli 109 80 I 0 0 1.1 3.3 1.8 4.0 5m wide plantation I K146+500 2 Keyang 132 30 1 3.6 7.3 6.6 10.3 7.3 11.0 3m high,200m lang sound 10 K150+700 barrier to be built up 3 Lintang 228 25 2 2.0 7.0 5.1 9.2 6.2 11.0 2m high, 100 m long sound 10 K159+300 barrier 4 Daxing 653 25 5 7.0 12.0 11.1 14.2 11.2 16.0 2m high & 400 m long sound 10 K164+700 barrier 5 Duan clinic bed 25 2 7.0 12.0 10.1 14.2 11.2 16.0 sharing the sound barrier with 10 K164+720 70 Daxing central school 6 Beishe 30 1 7.1 10.8 10.1 13.8 10.8 14.5 3mOtall enclosing wall 10 K170+800 7 Jiangcheng 320 50 5 1.0 4.8 3.9 7.8 4.8 8.6 2m high & 100 m long sound 6 173+650 barrier 8 Gucai 160 5 1.5 2.5 7.3 5.0 8.0 6.1 3mOtall enclosing wall 10 K202+500 9 Linjiang 150 40 10 8.6 9.5 11.1 12.0 12.0 12.9 2mDtall enclosing wall of 10 K216+000 300m long 10 10 Qide 280 80 5 8.7 8.0 1.2 10.5 12.7 11.4 building upof2.0m high,300m 8 K263+900 long sound barrier II Yongning 235 230 6 15.5 16.4 17.6 18.4 18.3 10.2 removal K317+100 12 Wanghai 10.0 9.0 12.0 11.4 12.8 12.2 corridor on the second floor to 10 WMNR be closed Note: Weizou Primary School will be resettled in eng. because the land acquired, it is rot made measure of noise prevention here. 2.2.5 Landscape Protection (1) The detail alignment will be determined to minimize spots, volume and areas of cutting limestone mountains. In the preliminary design, elabration has made and the amount of earth/stone work in relation to limestone mountains has been reduced by 9%, the areas of side slopes by 8%, and thus the number of cutting sites by 7 to 61, compared with those in the feasibility study. Further efforts will be made in the detail design to further lessen the impacts on the landscape of limestone mountains. (2) On all of cutting sites, appropriate mitigation measures including the restoration of vegetation will be taken. All plantable cutting slopes will be covered with turf. Cutting at some low and steep slopes will be a little expanded so as to turn the slopes gentle for grass plantation. A 50 cm-wide planting belt on shoulders at some 10m and higher steep slopes will be designed to allow such grass as Boston Ivy to grow on the slopes. The sections requiring large excavation along the highway and protecting measures show in Table 2-3. (3) Trial sections would be set up in an early stage of construction, where the environmental mitigation measures against the cutting of limestone mountains addressed in the EA reports will be examined in order to identify the most effective and practical measures. 2.2.6 Water Pollution Sewage treatment facilities will be set up at the service areas and toll stations. Secondary biological treatment is recommended. 2.2.7 Cultural Relics Cultural relics survey was carried out and no important cultural relics were found out in the working area of the project. 11 Table 2-3 Statistical data for the sections requiring large excavation along Shuiren-Nanning Highway Average Amount of No. Stakes Length depth Exposed area excavation Cutting slope and protecting measures (from-to) (m) h(i) e v ____ (in) ______ (ms) K96+992-K97+312 320 17.5 11200 154980 The excavation is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platform begins with the cross section o the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones are I: 1 and 1:1OV respectively. The excavated earth/stone will be used to fill the trough for the subgrade. The exposed area of the side slope 2 K97+440-K97+540 100 21.6 3456 73224 will be protected by frames of stone plates cemented with mortar, with grasses or climbers between them. All the excavation at the spur is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platform begins witl the cross section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones are 1: 3 K97+902-K98+030 128 15 3072 54000 and 1:0.75 respectively. The excavated earth/stone will be used to build the embankment at both ends of the section. Th exposed area of the side slopes will be protected by frames of stone plates cemented with mortar, with grasses or climber between them. All the excavation at hills is conducted in layers, for each lOm excavation, a new and higher platform begins with the cros section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones are 1:1 and 1:0. 4 K98+267-K98+500 233 10 3495 55337 respectively. The excavated earth/stone will be used to fill the gullies for the subgrade at both ends of the section. Thf exposed area of the side slopes will be protected by frames of stone plates cemented with mortar, with grasses or climber between them. 5 K99+717-K99+876 159 10 2385 37763 All the excavation is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platftrin begins with the Cros section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones are 1:1 ant 1:0.75 respectively. The excavated carth/stone will be used to fill the gullies for the subgrade at both ends of the section. Th exposed area of the side slopes will be protected by frames of stone plates cemented with mortar, with grasses or climber 6 K105+620-KI05+772 152 10 3048 22809 between them. All the excavation at the ridge is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platform begins witl the cross section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones are I- 7 Kl0744818-Ka07+604 116 14 3200 24372 1:0.5 respectively. The excavated earth/stone will be hauled to section Kl07+300-Kl07+498 to build embankment ther The exposed area of the side slopes will be protected by frames of stone plates cemented with mortar, with grasses n climbers between them. All the excavation at the hill is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platform begins wit the cross section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones are 1: 8 K II1+020-K112+124 104 10 1560 24700 and 1:0.75 respectively. The excavated earth/stone will be used to build embankment at both ends of it. The exposed area A the side slopes will be protected by frames of stone plates cemented with mortar, with grasses or climbers between them. The excavated side slope is 1:1. The excavated earthistone will be used to build embankment at both ends of it Th' 9 Kil2+332~Kl2+413 89850 16676 exposed area of the side slopes will be covered with grasses or climbers. Because on both sides of the recommende< 1 9 80alignment are irrigated fields, the scheme is rational. 12 10 Kil7+070-K1l7+402 332 15 11852 123504 All the excavation at the ridge is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platform begins witl II KI 17+953-KI 18+060 107 15.3 2892 40797 the cross section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones ar 1:0.5 and 1:0.3 respectively. The exploded stone is will be used to fill the gullies at both ends of it. The exposed area of th' side slopes will be covered with grasses or climbers. 12 KI18+172-K1l8+421 249 16.5 5752 120502 13 K1184516-KI19+118 602 15 12642 223944 The excavation is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platform begins with the cros 14 K119+566-K119+846 280 12.5 5880 83300 section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones are 1:0.5 an 1:0.3 respectively. The exploded stone will be dumped to the barren troughs except a small amount used to buil, embankment at both ends of it and Bridge 2. The exposed area will be covered with grasses or climbers. 15 K120+730-KI21+096 366 15 7685 136152 16 K I 22+020-KI22+1 18 98 14 2573 42601 The excavation is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platform begins with the cros section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones are 1: 1 an 1:0.75 respectively. All the excavated earth/stone will be hauled to Diaojing River Bridge and dumped into trough to buil 1 17 K]22+1881-KI22+340 154 17.5 5053 91933 the embankment. All the exposed area of the side slopes will be protected by frames of stone plates cemented with mortar with grasses or climbers between them. Intersecting ditches will be dug at 5m away from the top of each slope to prevent th 18 K122+102-KI22+536 104 12.5 2438 38659 slope from scouring 19 K123+286-Kl23+430 144 17.5 4725 85964 20 K]23+646-KI23+842 196 12.5 4594 72857 21 K124+080-Kl24+188 108 11.5 2329 23360 22 K124+696-Kl24+988 292 17.5 9581 174315 23 Kl05+120-Kl20+242 122 11 2516 38146 All the excavation at the ridge is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platform begins with the 24 K125+590-Kl25+906 316 20 20145 229416 cross section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones are 1:1 ant 1 1:0.75 respectively. The excavated earth/stone will be used to fill the gullies for the subgrade at both ends of the section. The 25 K125+940-Kl26+080 140 15 5119 67043 exposed area will be protected by frames of stone plates cemented with mortar, with grasses or climbers between them. Grasses will be planted on the platforms and draining ditches with a cross section of 0.430.4m will be provided. IntersectinE 26 K126+216-KI26+442 226 27.5 15149 266390 ditches will be dug at Sm away from the top of each slope to prevent scouring. 27 K]26+832-Kl27+002 170 16 6120 89216 28 K127+114-Kl27+203 88 15 2970 42141 29 Kl27+482-K127+596 114 10 2565 31407 13 30 K130+912-Kl31+004 92 12.5 3220 32401 For all the sections, the excavation is conducted in layers, for each tom excavation, a new and higher platform begin with the cross section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower one 31 K[31-t036-K[31+224 198 12.5 4933 66221 are 1:1 and 1:0.5 respectively. All the excavated earth/stone will be used to build the embankment at both ends of eac! section. The exposed areas of the slopes will be protected by frames of stone plates cemented with mortar, with grasses o 32 KI31+440-Kl31+670 230 11 5534 68437 climbers between them. 33 Kl31+764-Kl31+864 to 11 2118 29755 34 Kl32+760~KI33+060 300 10 8925 90150 All the excavation is conducted in layers, for each torn excavation, a new and higher platform begins with the cros 34 K3+0K300 0895section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones are 1:1 and 1:0. 35 K133+108-K33+320 212 16 10091 124826 respectively. The excavated earth/stone will be used to build the embankment at both ends of it. The exposed area will b protected by frames of stone plates cemented with mortar, with grasses or climbers between them. 36 Kl35+150-Kl35+258 108 10 2295 32454 37 K135+352-Kl35+450 98 15.5 3228 55045 The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones are 1:1 and 1:0.75 respectively. The excavated earth/stone wil 38 Kl37+446-K37+676 230 12.5 8625 85495 be used to build the embankment at both ends of the section. The exposed area will be protected by frames of stone plate cemented with mortar, with grasses or climbers between them. Intersecting ditches Sm away from the top of the right slopi will be dug to prevent scouring. All the excavation is conducted in layers. for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platform begins with the cros section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones are 1:0.5 an( 39 1 K138+150-K38+264 114 14 2234 38942 1:0.3 respectively. The excavated earth/stone will be used to build the embankment at both ends of the section. The expose I area will be protected by frames of stone plates cemented with mortar, with grasses or climbers between them. All the excavation is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platform begins with the cros section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones are 1:1.25 an( 40 Kl38+674-Kl38+922 248 10 5797 74524 1:1 respectively. The excavated earth/stone will be used to build the embankment at both ends of the section. The cxposc I area will be protected by frames of stone plates cemented with mortar, with grasses or climbers between them. Intersectinj ditches Sm away from the top of the left slope will be dug to prevent scouring. 41 Kl39+906-Kl40+170 264 16.5 11326 103455 42 K142+808-KI43+073 265 12.5 8613 74697 Alt the excavation is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platform begins with the cros section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes are 1:0.3. The excavated stone will all be used to buill the subgrade at each end of the section. The exposed area will be covered by grasses or climbers. 43 K143+872-KI44+035 163 Is 3496 56969 44 KISO+57t-KI50+791 220 13.5 6178 67865 14 45 K]75+981-Kl76+610 629 11 16600 173580 46 Kl91+962-Kl92+257 295 18 8750 147840 All the excavation is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platform begins with the cros 47 K198+271~Kl98+554 283 , 13 9198 99264 section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes are 1:0.3. At the pass, the excavated material is hart limestone, all of which will all be used to build the subgrade at each end of the section. The exposed area will be covered b grasses or climbers. 48 K209+060-K209+346 286 13.6 6068 131780 49 K209+555-K209+804 249 16.2 6293 139812 All the excavation is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platform begins with the cross section of the excavation in the form ofa trapezium and the side slopes of 1:1. The excavated earth/stone will all be used to build thi 50 K230+850-K230+984 134 12.4 4813 61300 subgrade at each end of the section. The exposed area will be protected by frames of stone plates cemented with mortar, with grasses or climbers between them. Grasses will be planted on the platforms and draining ditches with a cross section of 0.430.4m will be provided. All the excavation at the ridge is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platform with z width of I.5m begins with the cross section ofthe excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes for the upper layer 51 K234+165-K234+570 405 12.96 17681 270000 and the lower ones are 1:0.75 and 1:1 respectively. The exposed area will be protected by frames of stone plates cemente with mortar, with grasses or climbers between them. Grasses will be planted on the platforms and draining ditches with cross section of 0.430.4m will be provided. 52 K240+f995~K241+165 170 15.75589152 52 K09 2 15 0 55All the excavation by the ridge is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platform begin 53 K241+444-K241+570 126 15.4 3567 136830 with the cross section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes are taken as 1: 1. The excavate( earth/stone will be used to build the subgrade at each end of the section. The exposed area will be protected by frames o 54 K244+489-K244+-760 272 13.92 8226 202832 stone plates cemented with mortar, with grasses or climbers between them. intersecting ditches will he dug at 5m away fron 55 K58+50-258+30 82 4.3 156 18000 the top of each slope to prevent the slope from scouring by water. 55 K258+450-K258+730 282 14.3 154130 56 K270+070-K270+264 194 10.8 10190 62400 The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones are 1:1 and 1:0.75 respectively. The excavated earth/stone wil be used to build the subgrade at each end of the section. The exposed area will be protected by frames of stone plate cemented with mortar, with grasses or climbers between them. intersecting ditches will be dug at 5m away from the top o 57 K271+110-K272+030 920 7 29000 17400 the slope on the right to prevent it from scouring by water. 58 K304+753-K304+926 173 13 12180 108400 The excavation is conducted in layers, for each 10m excavation, a new and higher platform begins with the cros. 59 K306+520.-KC306+906 386 11 31820 214320 section of the excavation in the form of a trapezium. The side slopes for the upper layers and the lower ones are 1:0.75 an -1:1 respectively. The excavated earth/stone will be hauled to section K306+360-K306+520 and K306+906-K307+130 t 60 K307+453-K307+841 388 14.6 34500 334410 build the embankment. The exposed area will be protected by frames of stone plates cemented with mortar, with grasses o climbers between them. 61 K313+680-K313+840 160 10.4 9500 68300 15 2.3 Environmental Protection Actions for Construction Phase 2.3.1 Ecological Measures and Suggestions 2.3.1.1 Ecological Resources (1) Temporary settlement tanks will be dug at the locations where there is runoff in construction of subgrade to catch mud and sand. The tank is usually 0.5 m deep, and the size depends on the area of catchment. Geotextile will be provided at the outlet where necessary. These places will be rehabilitated on completion of the work.. (2) Borrow earth will be planned, and it is required that borrow, leveling, rehabilitation and plantation be implemented at the same time. In the plain areas, the borrow pits will be suggested to be used as fishing pools. Before excavation the masses will be consulted about locations of borrow pits. 2.3.1.2 Land Protection (1) Temporary land taking will be to the minimum. (2) The road will be accepted together with works of plantation, slope protection and drain ditches. (3) When land for temporary use is concerned, the top fermented soil will be collected for rehabilitation after the work is completed. (4) No borrow will be allowed to excavate from farmland at will. (5) Workers will be educated to protect animals and no poaching will be allowed. 2.3.1.3 Sewage and Wastes Working wastes and sewage will be under good treatment in case of pollution. 2.3.2 Noise (1) In order to reduce the time exposing loud noise, it is suggested that the workers operate noise0producing machines on shift basis. Besides, the machinery will be maintained properly to keep it in lowest noise level. The workers will wear earplugs and helmets. (2) When the construction sites are 200m within the residential areas, no noise producing construction activities will be allowed between 22:00 - 6:00. (3) Interfere with teaching activities will be minimized at the sections of schools by consultation with schools in order to ensure the suitable time of high noise machinery working. 2.3.3 Air Pollution (1) The storage site and mixing stations will located at least 300 m from residential areas on the leeward side and haulage roads will be sprayed regularly to reduce dust. (2) The construction sites also will be sprayed regularly, mainly on sunny days, twice a day in the morning and in the afternoon. 2.3.4 Water Pollution (1) Muddy water caused by mud excavation and material washing pollutes water. Cofferdams and caissons will be used in bridge construction with the former applying to the construction in the river with smaller flow and wider surface and the latter applying to the river larger flow. (2) Waste water at worker' camp will be properly treated by septic tank, etc. and disposed of. (3) Oil leakage from machinery and ships or waste oil will not be discharged into the river. They should be collected and recycled as appropriate. (4) Asphalt, oil and chemicals will not be stocked at the places close to the water bodies, and they will be covered with mufflers to avoid them running into the water bodies. 2.3.5 Traffic Management and Safety (1) The proposed alignment goes parallel to the 210 National Highway and crossing it-several times at Section Honglong ~ Duan, so it is very important to guide the traffic. It is suggested to construct the road section after section. Wardens will be posted to guarantee smooth traffic and safety. Detours will be built at crossings prior to the construction. (2) Wardens will be posted at crossings, school sections and residential areas to ensure that they are safe. 17 (3) The working time must be in schedule at some blasting sections. At blasting, no vehicles and pedestrians are allowed to cross. The neighbouring villagers can be subsided for their temporarily leaving at blasting. (4) No crossing of pedestrians is allowed when building up bridges. 2.3.6 Cultural Relics Construction works will be stopped immediately if any cultural relics are discovered as a result of road construction or excavation activities. The local cultural relics authorities will be informed. Excavation will not be resumed unless the authorities approve of it. 2.3.7 Vibration Monitoring When vibrationEproducing construction (compaction of piers or operation of vibrating rollers) is carried out, the impact on neighboring adobe houses will be supervised. Reparative measures will be taken if they are exposed to severe vibration or blasting and likely to suffer from damage. 2.3.8 Visual Resources It is suggested to locate borrow sites at smaller hillsides. In excavation, it is better to cut off the whole hill head to make use of. If it is impossible to make full use of, it is better to excavate at the backside. hen hills are used as borrow sites, empty holes can not be left but a slope so as to the restoration of vegetations. 2.4 Environmental Protection Actions for Operation Phase 2.4.1 Zonal Planning on Either Side of the Road The prediction of traffic noise reveals that in the long-term of operation (2024) the noise levels within 100 m of the road are below class 4 of GB 3096- 93 (Standard levels on both sides of artery road). Therefore, no villages (within 50m) and schools (within 100m) or other sensitive locations will be built. 2.4.2 Traffic Noise (1) No Homing Marks will be posted at the sections near schools. (2) At accesses of road, noise 0monitoring stations will be installed, and the vehicles with loud noise will not be allowed to run on the road. (3) Noise barriers or other appropriate noise prevention measures will be taken at locations where noise exceeds the standard, based on the result of monitoring. (4) With the necessary prevention measures, the excess levels can be controlled below 5dB at villages; below 2.0 dB at schools in daytime. 2.4.3 Air Pollution (1) Afforestation by planting trees on both sides. The natural conditions along the alignment are good for growth of trees, it is required that high trees and bushes should be planted where possible on either side to absorb pollutants and beautify the environment. (2) The vehicles on the road will be tested ad hoc in emitting pollutants. Those in great excess of pollutants will not be allowed to run on the road. 2.4.4 Potential Risk of Water Pollution (1) Sewage treatment facilities will be set up at the service centers. The sewage will not be discharged unless is disposed of properly. For it, secondary biological treatment procedures are suggested. (2) Different kinds of leakage and material spill will be avoided to prevent water bodies from being polluted. (3) Public Security Departments will be informed about the transportation of hazardous materials, and they can be transported only with their approval, especially at the section of water protection of Chengjiang River, i.e. K163 - K171. (4) At section K163 O K141, five settlement tanks will be dug to catch the runoff from the roadOsides to alleviate the impact on water quality. (5) In case of foggy weather, the speed of vehicles will be controlled, and no transportation of 18 hazardous materials will be allowed. (6) Driving will not be allowed when drunk, tired, or overtaken. 2.4.5 Aesthetics and Plantation (1) The school and village areas will be treed and sodden to create scenic belts. (2) Highway management areas will also be treed and sodded to make the environment more beautiful. 2.4.6 Vehicle Management (1) Better vehicle maintenance/management will be enhanced to keep vehicles in good conditions. Vehicle noise and emission inspection will be strengthened. If a vehicle does not comply with the noise and/or emission standards, the vehicle will not be allowed to pass until the problem is rectified. Periodical and random exhaust gas emissions inspection will be undertaken. (2) Public awareness and education will be promoted to familiarize people with the problem of air pollution and noise from vehicles and with related regulations. 2.5 Estimated Cost on Environmental Protection 2.5.1 Nonrecurring Cost on Environmental Protection Works Based on the measures suggested in this assessment, the nonrecurring cost on the environmental protection works is listed in Table 2-4. The total cost is 27,999,400 RMB yuan. Table 2-4 Estimated Nonrecurring Cost on Environmental Protection items contents or estimation methods Cost environmental benefits 10,000 RMB yuan environmental design and environment monitoring, compilation of 80 to know existing environment, to predict assessment EIA, design of environment engineering future environment, to prevent pollution, to beautify environment, to implement preventative measures. plantation landscape for Highway: 100,000 yuan/km; for class- 1693.64 to alleviate atmospheric & acoustic pollution, protection (including cutting two road: 50,000 yuan/km to restore vegetation, to protect people s slope vegetation) health, to beautify scenery, landscape recovery. measures to prevent noise building high walls 4.5 to mitigate noise & in schools I school removal 60.0 to keep normal teaching buildtng sound barriers 53.5 to keep normal teaching treeing(at noise0exceeding spots) 15.0 to mitigate noise & pollution demolition of farmhouses 156 to keep normal life to close the outer corridor at school 2.80 building double-layer glass windows 15.0 protection measures at toll air conditioning, sound isolating 40 to keep staff0is health stations soil conservation settlement tanks: 10,000Yuan x 38 38 to avoid soil erosion prevention from soil erosion and land restoration Borrow and spoil sites treatment: 2 million 200 Yuan working dust 1200 daysx600 yuan/day 72 to mitigate air pollution water treatment facilities one septic tank for all 10 toll stations 20 to protect surface water water treatment at service water systems at 2 service areas, and 100 control of water quality and its vegetation vegetation protection of water sources one oxidizing tank every Skm;-*50,000 25 to protect water sources yuan personnel training personnel from; highway construction 76 to improve their abilities in their lines units, management units, emergency units and environmental protection units protection of cultural relics including cost for survey of cultural relics Is to protect cultural relics 19 and excavation (with no cost for contingency) supervision expenses environment supervision at 12 contract 48 supervision of implementation of EOP items. sections, 10.000 yuan'yr. section wardens for safety 20 persons for 4 years 40.0 to keep smooth traffic and pedestrians safety total cost for monitoring and 4 x 10.000 yuan for monitoring facilities 40 to monitor environment in construction phase facilities emergency accident monitoring expenses to be 10 to reduce accidents of chemical trucks to water reserved body total 2799.94 Note: The resettlement cost of Weizou Primary School has list in eng., not be counted here. 2.5.2 Annual Cost on Environmental Protection Works See Table 2-5 for detail. The total cost of 20 years operation is 20 yearsxO.54 million = 10.80 million yuan. Table 2-5 Cost of Annual Operation for Environmental Protection Facilities rder items cost (10,000 yuan) 1 annual maintenance cost for environmental protection facilities 5.0 2 personnel training 1.0 3 annual monitoring cost 10.0 4 environmental treatment(from monitoring results) 30.0 5 EP staff salaries(8000yuan/yr. x 10) 8.0 total 54.0 2.6 Environmental Training The program is intended to train the administrative personnel, technicians and supervisors involved in environmental protection so that they can acquire the knowledge of environmental protection and ensure the fulfillment of the EPAP. According to their responsibilities, the trainees fall into the following three groups. 1. Administrative personnel: they include high-level and middle-level administrative personnel, who are to be trained to be able to handle issues and emergent situations in environmental protection. There are altogether 9 persons, with 3 from the Project Office; 3, from DCG; 2, from CPSDIG and the Research Institute; 1, from the external monitoring agency. 2. Environmental supervisors: They will be trained to have a sound knowledge of environmental protection, control of environmental quality, management of expenses and techniques of environmental protection engineering so as to ensure the fulfillment of the EPAP. All the training seminars will be held at home. There are altogether 12 persons, with 1 from each contracted section. 3. Working staff: There are altogether 18 persons, with 3 from each country; 3, from each city/prefecture. They are to be trained to have a sound knowledge of the project and its environmental protection issues so as to cooperate with the other authorities to ensure the fulfillment of the project. The training is to be carried out both at home and abroad. Those to be trained abroad will learn the new methods, techniques and management experience from the advanced countries and to introduce them to all the personnel in charge of environmental protection. Those to be trained at home (in Nanning City) include administrative personnel and working staff, with the training seminars sponsored by the Project Office, and lectures given by the senior staff from the World Bank, government officials and experts. According to the trainees and training content, the program is divided into the following three stages. 1. The training of environmental supervisors is scheduled in March, 2000, with a period of 7 days; 2. The training of high-level administrative personnel abroad is scheduled in March, 2000, with a period of 21 days; 3. The training of working staff at home (including those from each country, city and prefecture) is scheduled in April, 2000, with a period of 7 days. 20 The training of 9 high-level administrative personnel will cost 450,OOORMByuan, with 50,00ORMByuan for each; The training of 18 working staff will cost 270,00ORMBYuan, with 15,00ORMByuan for each; The training of 12 environmental supervisors will cost 240,OOORMByuan, with 20,OOORMByuan for each; The cost totals 960,OOORMByuan. See Table 8-4. Table 8-4 Personnel Training Plan Phase kinds number total year cost (RMB number yuan) construction EP person from 3 persons from the 3 2000 450,000 Management constrUction office Division environment GCICAB: 2; GCD:3; 6 2000 managers other: 1 Supervisors and 27 staff from all sections 27 2000 490,000 staff emergent case 3 from local traffic 3 2000 persons bureaus operation environment 3 staff from Management 4 2003020 20,000 managers Division(internal); 1 from 24 GEAB 1 person/2 yr. total 43 960,000 21 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SURVEILLANCE PLAN Refer to Table 3-1. Table 3-1 Environmental Protection Surveillance Plan Phase institutions contents of surveillance purpose of surveillance SEPA 1. Review ofOutline of EIA . To make ElA cover all sides focusing on key S EPO OF MOC 2.Review of EIA points GEPB 3. Review of EAP 2. To put forward all potential & major issues 1< World Bank 3.To make certain that all the mitigative a GCD measures are implemented PMO - SEPA 1. Review of initial design & EAP 1. To strictly carry out Othree simultaneous EPO of MOC policy 0 & EAP GEPB 2. Examination of use of funds for EP 2. To ensure that it is used properly GCD 3. Examination of locations of sites of quarries & mixing 3. to ensure that they satisfy requirements of EP R PMO stations o EP sections of 4. Examination of control of dust & noise pollution; 4. To mitigate impact on environment & related determination of construction activity time implement related regulations counties or 5. Examination of storage of toxic materials &emission of 5. To mitigate impact on environment & prefectures atmospheric pollutants implement related regulations 6. Examination of discharge and disposal of sewage waste 6. To keep surface water unpolluted oil at construction camp 7. Restoration of borrow & spoil sites 7. To ensure that scenery & land resources are not damaged 8.Examination of Othree simultaneousO of EP facilities 8. To guarantee three OsimultaneousO policy deter mination of completion time 9. Examination of implementation of EP standards 9. To check & accept EP works 10. check up the scenery design and working quality 10. protection of route sources of scenery GCRD 11. Examination of existence of cultural relics 11. to protect cultural relics GEAB 1. Examination of implementation of EAP; 1. Implementation of EAP Cominunicatio 2. Examination of implementation of monitoring plan; 2. Implementation of monitoring plan 'M n Departments 3. Determination of further measures some sensitive 3. Proper protection of environment a or cities or locations not identified previously; 4. Proper protection of public health counties, 4. Examination of weather the environment quality complies 5. guarantee of emission standards of sewage Public Security with requirements at the sensitive locations; 6. getting rid of possible accidents to protect Departments 5. Examination of treatment of sewage at management areas; environment. 6. Prevention of contingent accidents by strengthening 7. add up some measures for protection of surveillance. In case of accidents, to take timely measures scenery to get rid of leakage of toxic materials when needed 1 7. check up the scenery quality 22 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 4.1 Objective of Monitoring During construction, the major impacts on environment are: domestic pollution resulted from construction workers, water pollution from bridge pier construction, noise from construction machinery or explosion, earth and stone excavation, soil erosion from pavement spreading and filling and asphalt smoke etc. In operation phase, the major impacts come from noise, dust and waste gases caused by high-speed vehicles. Besides, contingency accidents may also cause severe pollution. So it is required that the dynamics of pollution should be known all the time through monitoring. 4.2 Surveillance Institutions In both construction and operation phases, of the Environmental Monitoring Station in Guangxi will be entrusted to take the responsibilities to monitor the environment since it is a qualified station in all respects. 4.3 Implementation of Monitoring The routine monitoring is conducted by the central station to comply with the requirements in Tables 4-1 D4-3. The monitoring will center on atmosphere, water quality and noise. The monitoring will be carried out at fixed sites, in moving model. In implementation of surveillance plan, such things as monitoring methods, objective or the training will be determined through consultation with GCD and the monitors. Table 4-1 Environmental Monitoring Plan (Ambient Air) phase monitoring locations items frequency duration sampling executive in charge of time construction lime & earth mixing TSP itime 1 day 7:00 10:00 EMS GCD PMO sites & unpaved I 14:00 17:00 construction road 2 months operation Hualong NOx CO 2 times/y 5 days 7:00 10:00 EMS GEAB Jiutun TSP (Jan & July) 14:00 17:00 Badu Pulin Table 4-2 Environmental Monitoring Plan (Noise) phase monitoring locations items Frequency duration sampling executive in charge of time construction construction sites within noise 2 times 1 day twice a day EMS GCD PMO 50 m of which there are /month residential areas or other sensitive locations operation Hualong ambient 4 times/y 1 day 2 times (day EMS GEAB Jioutun noise Otime and Dongpan night) Hezuo School Ocun Yongning Pri. Sch. Tanga Table 4-3 Environmental Monitoring Plan (Water Quality) phase monitoring locations items frequency duration sampling executive in charge of time Construction Shuiren Reservoir COD SS oil 2 times/y 1 day 2 times/y EMS GCD PMO Nada Resenvoir (normal & (normal & Chengjiang River dry dry operation Dongjiang River seasons) seasons) GEAB Wuming River 4.4 Instruments, Cost and System for Monitoring Report The instruments for monitoring will be provided by the monitors, but the communication departments will pay some depreciation funds without purchasing new ones. The depreciation cost are included in the total cost for monitoring which covers 0.40 million RMB yuan (4 years) in construction phase; I million in operation phase (20 years) with 0.1 million RMB yuan set aside for emergent 23 accidents. An annual monitoring report would be furnished to the Bank by January 31 of each year starting in 2001 during the construction phase and each of the first three years following completion of construction. The system for reporting is displayed in Fig. 4-1. 24 Fig. 4-1 Procedures of Monitoring Reporting 25 Annex 1 Key Elements of the EAP for Shuiren-Nanning Highway environmental issues Action taken/to be taken Excuting unit Unit in charge AO design phase 1. selection of The alignment was/will be selected considering minimizing land acquisition, relocation and resettlement, and impact of air GCPDI GCD alignment pollution and noise on sensitive areas as residential areas, cities and towns, etc EIA unit PMO The alignment was/will be selected considering reducing cutting mountain to protect the resource of landscapes. 2. soil erosion Plantation of grasses & trees on slopes; retaining walls, catchment ditches, mortar schist and subgrade drainage system will be GCPDI GCD installed; culverts will be constructed. EIA unit PMO 3. air pollution On determination of location of spoil sites, quarries, waste storage and mixing stations, dust or other elements of impact on GCPDI GCD environment have been taken into account. EIA unit PMO 4. noise A combination of measures such as resettlement, installation of noise barriers, double-layer glass windows, and afforestation will GCPDI GCD be undertaken to mitigate the short and medium term noise problems. EIA unit PMO 3. cultural relics Cultural relics survey was carried out and no important cultural relics were found out in the working area of the project. GAl Gc) 6. land acquisition Through comparison of schemes, a schame was recommended from partial alternatives to occupy as less GALR GCD and resettlement farmland as possible by locating the alignment at the foot of mountains. The borrow sites are only chosen at GCPDI PMO wastes and poor land; spoil can be filled into valleys for farmland formation. Plans for land acquisition & resettlement will be drawn up 7. Risk of spill of Run-off settlement tanks will be dug to deal with potential traffic accidents resulted from trucks with hazardous goods GCPDI GCD hazardous goods EIA unit PMO 8 scenery .The detail alignment will be determined to minimize spots, volume and areas of cutting limestone mountains. In the preliminary GCPDI GCD protection design, elabration has made and the amount of earth/stone work in relation to limestone mountains has been reduced by 9%, the F.A unit PMO areas of side slopes by 8%, and thus the number of cutting sites by 7 to 61, compared with those in the feasibility study. Further efforts will be made in the detail design to further lessen the impacts on the landscape of limestone mountains. 2.On all of cutting sites, appropriate mitigation measures including the restoration of vegetation will be taken. All plantable cutting slopes will be covered with turf. Cutting at some low and steep slopes will be a little expanded so as to turn the slopes gentle for grass plantation. A 50 cm-wide planting belt on shoulders at some 10m and higher steep slopes will be designed to allow such grass as Boston Ivy to grow on the slopes. 27 Annex 1 continued environmental issues Action taken/to be taken Excuting unit Unit in charge 9. Social To meet the need for traffic, 32 interchanges, 168 passages will be built along DuanINanning Section GCP)I CD1) Disruption Necessary passages and flyovers,as well as 20 level crossings will be designed along ShuirenODuan Section for EIA unit PMO local people, animals and vehicles. 10. Water Pollution Sewage treatment facilities will be set up at the service areas and toll stations. Secondary biological treatment is recommended. GCPDI GCO EIA unit PMO BO construction phase I. dust & air 'All reasonable measures including water spraying will be taken, in dry season in particular; contractor GCD pollution 'Material storage sites will be 300m away from residential areas. In addition, they will be covered with mufflers;and adopt water PMO spraying regularly. The haulage vehicles will be covered with muffers to prevent from spilling; 'Mixers will be sealed properly and provided with dustOremoving device 2. soil erosion & -Plantation of sod and trees where appropriate in three months after embankment was completed; repairing of damaged drainage contractor GCD water pollution and irrigation systems will be done; PMO -Sewage treatment facilities will be set up at the service areas and too stations. Secondary biological treatment is recommended. -Prevention from river irrigation canals being blocked by all necessary measures; -Temporary ditches or pipes will be built in building permanent ones, -To prevent sewage from discharging directly into rivers or canals, all necessary measures will be taken, e.g. settlement tanks -Cofferdams and caissons will be used in bridge construction with the former applying to the construction in the river with smaller flow and wider surface and the latter applying to the river larger flow. -Oil leakage from machinery and ships or waste oil will not be discharged into the river. They should be collected and recycled as appropriate. 'Asphalt, oil and chemicals will not be stocked at the places close to the water bodies, and they will be covered with mufflers to avoid them running into the water bodies. Annex 1 continued 28 environmental issues Action taken/to be taken Excuting unit Unit in charge 3. noise -To protect workers from being hurt, they will be asked to wear helmets and earplugs and limited in working hours; contractor GCD -No construction activities will be allowed between 22:00116:00 at sites within 200 m there are residential areas; PMO *To keep machinery in low noise by proper maintenance -Interfere with teaching activities will be minimized at the sections of schools by consultation with schools in order to ensure the suitable time of high noise machinery working. 4. preservation of -Temporary settlement tanks will be dug at the locations where there is runoff in construction of subgrade to catch mud and sand. contractor GCD ecological The tank is usually 0.5 m deep, and the size depends on the area of catchment. Geotextile will be provided at the outlet where PMO resources necessary. These places will be rehabilitated on completion of the work. *Borrow earth will be planned, and it is required that borrow, leveling, rehabilitation and plantation be implemented at the same time. In the plain areas, the borrow pits will be suggested to be used as fishing pools. Before excavation the masses will be consulted about locations of borrow piis. -Temporary land taking will be to the minimum. -The road will be accepted together with works of plantation, slope protection and drain ditches. *When land for temporary use is concerned, the top fermented soil will be collected for rehabilitation after the work is completed. *No borrow will be allowed to excavate from fanniand at will. -Workers will be educated to protect animals and no poaching will be allowed. -Working wastes and sewage will be under good treatment in case of pollution. 5. cultural relics Excavation will be stopped immediately if any cultural relics are found . Excavation will not be resumed until protective contractor GCD measures have been taken by the relics protection authorizes. PMO 6. construction There will be garbage cans & sanitation facilities. Feces waste, domestic sewage can not be discharged into rivers or other water contractor GCD areas bodies unless disposed of properly PMO 7. haulage *To decrease dust and noise and minimize impact on existing transport, haulage route wi)l be selected carefully; contractor GCD management -To consult transport &security departments for better control of traffic; PMO -To build temporary roads intersecting existing road properly; *To avoid peak hours on existing road by drawing up reasonable transport schedules. Annex 1 continued 29 environmental issues Action taken/to be taken Excuting unit Unit in 8. construction *Safety markings will be set up on temporary road regulations suitable for temporary road will be adopted; contractor GCD safety *Effective safety measures will be taken during construction; during blast people and vehicles will be evacuated for safetyo PMO sake. The use of explosive will be met with requirements of safety department; -Wardens will be needed on construction sites for safety. 9 scenery -scenery quality can be restored by strict implementation; contractor GCD protection -borrow sites far from the highway, no steep slopes is formed by borrowing. Study PMO -Trial sections would be set up in an early stage of construction, where the environmental mitigation measures against the cutting of institute of limestone mountains addressed in the EA reports would be examined in order to identify the most effective and practical GCD actor measures. 10 Vibration When vibration Oproducing construction (compaction of piers or operation of vibrating rollers) is carried out, the impact on PMO Monitoring neighboring adobe houses will be supervised. Reparative measures will be taken if they are exposed to severe vibration or blasting and likely to suffer from damage. C Operation phase I. zonal planing No villages (within 50m) and schools (within I 00m) or other sensitive locations will be built along highway. Local iEAR1 Govenment 2. noise No homing markings will be set up at school sections; Highway GEA13 * At accesses of road, noise monitoring stations will be installed, and the vehicles with loud noise will not be allowed to run on Sections of the road. counties or -Noise barriers or other appropriate noise prevention measures will be taken at locations where noise exceeds the standard, based cities on the result of monitoring. *With the necessary prevention measures, the excess levels can be controlled below 5dB at villages; below 2.0 dB at schools in daytime. Annex 1 continued 30 environmental issues Action taken/to be taken Excuting unit Unit in charge 3. air pollution -Afforestation by planting trees on both sides. The natural conditions along the alignment are good for growth of trees, it is required Highway GEAII that high trees and bushes should be planted where possible on either side to absorb pollutants and beautify the environment. Sections of *The vehicles on the road will be tested ad hoc in emitting pollutants. Those in great excess of pollutants will not be allowed to run counties or on the road. cities 4. vehicular Vehicles will be kept in good conditions by examining vehicular exhaust gases; vehicles with low speed and loud noise will not be Highway GEAB management allowed to go on road; Sections of -The public will be educated to be aware of noise pollution and informed of relevant regulations. counties or cities security departments 5. risk of spills of *An emergency group will be organized by GEAB & GEPB to deal with the emergency; the group will be responsible also for lighway GEAB hazardous goods Management of hazardous goods spill on high0class highways all over the region. Sections of * Transport of hazardous goods will have all the three certificates issued by security department; counties or -Special routes or stop locations will be assigned by security department; cities -in case of spilling of hazardous goods, relevant departments will be informed immediately to take urgent measures. There will be another monitoring group to deal with similar accidents. 6 water pollution Domestic sewage at toll stations will be disposed of by use of septic tanks, and then used as irrigation water. Garbage will be Highway treated centrally. Sections of counties or cities D environment Monitoring will be conducted based on relevant specifications or standards issued by SEPA EMS GEAB monitoring An annual monitoring report would be furnished to the Bank by January 31 of each year starting in 2001 during the GEP3 construction phase and each of the first three years following completion of construction. 31 Annex 2 Environmental Standard Environment Standards in EIA Environmental Standards Number Noise Standards at Urban Areas GB3096-93 Standards of Ambient Air Quality GB3095-1996 Quality Standards of Surface Water GB3838-88 General Discharge Standards of Sewage GB8978-1996 Quality Standards of Irrigation Water GB5084-92 Quality Standards of Soil GB15618-1995 Sanitation Standards of Lead in Food GB14935-94 Noise Sanitation Standards of Industrial Enterprises 1980.1.1 Noise Level for Construction Site Boundary G812523-90 Emission Standards of Asphaltic Pollutants GB4916-85 Ambient Vibration Standards of Urban Areas GB 10071-88 Table 2-1 Noise Standards at Urban Areas(GB3096-93) Equivalent noise level: Leq:dB(A) class daytime night apply to 0 50 40 very sensitive areas 1 55 45 residential and educational areas 2 60 50 residential, shopping and industrial mixed areas 3 65 55 industrial areas 4 70 55 areas on both sides of artery lines Table 2-2 Assessment Standards of Ambient Air Quality Unit:mglNm3 pollutants time of exampling concentration limit remark 1 2 3 CO daily average 4.00 4.00 6.00 Class-two in GB3095-1996 hourly average 10.00 10.00 20.00 NOx daily average 0.10 0.10 0.15 hourly average 0.15 0.15 0.30 TSP daily average 0.12 0.30 0.50 Note: Class-one applies to natural preservatives, resorts and some other areas specially needed. Class-two applies to residential areas, shopping and traffic mixed areas, cultural, industrial and rural areas. Class-three applies to some special industrial zones. Table 2-3 Quality Standards of Surface Water(GB3838-88) class 0 0 0 0 0 item pH 6.508.5 609 32 CODC,s 15 15 15 20 25 oils: 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 1.0 Pb5 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 Notes: Unit: mg/1 with exception of PH. Class-one applies to water sources and natural reserves; Class-two applies to key central drinking water sources and rare species of fish protection areas and spawning beds, Class-three applies to ordinary central drinking water sourcesand swimming areas; Class-four applies to water sources of industrial areas and other sources; Class-five applies to irrigation and scenic waters. Table 2-4 Quality Standards of Irrigation Water sort paddy land dry farmland vegetable land item BOD,5 80 150 80 CODCr 200 300 150 SS5 150 200 100 oilS 5.0 10 1.0 PH 5.508.5 total leads 0.1 Notes: Unit is mg/ with exception of PH. Table 2-5 General Discharge Standards of Sewage (GB8978-1996) pollutants apply to class-one class-two class-three item standards standards standards PH all dischargers 609 609 609 SS other dischargers 70 150 400 BOD, other dischargers 20 30 300 CODr other dischargers 100 150 500 oil all dischargers 5 10 20 total lead all dischargers 1.0 Notes: Unit: mg/1 with exception of PH. Class -1 applies to sewage emission standards GB 3838-88 III; Class -2 applies to sewage emission standards GB 3838-88 IV; Class -3 applies to the drainage system with classltwo water treatment device. Table 2-6 Quality Standards of Soil(GB15618-1995) Unit:mg/kg c one two three item Il PH natural background 006.5 6.507.5 0 7.5 06.5 PbS 35 250 300 350 500 33 Notes: Class- I applies to natural reserves and central drinking water sources; Class -2 applies to farmland vegetable fields, orchards and pastures. Class -3 applies to forestry fields and farmland near mines. Table 2-7 Sanitation Standards of Lead in Food(GB14935-94) Unit:mg/kg products grains vegetables item Pb5 0.4 0.2 Table 2-8 Ambient Vibration Standards in Urban Areas(GB10071-88) equivalent acoustic levels Leq:dB(A) scope I daytime night special residential areas 65 65 areas of living, culture & education 70 67 mixed areas 75 72 both sides of artery lines 75 72 34 Annex 3: Preventive Schemes Against Soil Erosion of Shuiren-Nanning Highway A. Bases of Schemes and Objectives (1) Laws & Regulations -Water and Soil Conservation Act of the PRC; -Implementation Rules of Water and Soil Conservation of the PRC; -Management Methods on Water and Soil Conservation in Development Projects by the State Planning Commission et al; -Management Methods on Water and Soil Conservation by the Ministry of Water Conservancy; 'Technical Specifications of Water and Soil Conservation by the Ministry of Hydro-power; -Circular on Carrying out Management Methods in Water and Soil Conservation Projects by Guangxi Water Conservancy Division et al. (2) Objectives -To minimize damage to water and soil conservation facilities, and to compensate for the damage if any; -To dispose of waste earth and stone in a proper way; *To get rid of possible collapses, slides and subsides; *To restore top soil and vegetation at the exposed areas resulted from cutting; -To avoid soil erosion damage to other units or individuals; -To put forward engineering measures against soil erosion. B. Preventive Measures against Soil Erosion (1) Preventive measures against soil erosion during excavation of subgrade in plain areas When the excavation takes place where there is runoff, temporary earth settlement tanks will be dug. The settlement tank takes the shape of a pit of 0.5 m deep and 20-30 square meters area. When it rains, the speed of the rainwater slows down in the tanks. As a result, mud and sand settled down. At the outlet side, geotextile is used to catch mud and sand for one more time. On completion of subgrade, the tanks will be filled. Around earth dumps and at sections prone to soil erosion, geotextile will be used to catch mud and sand. The structure of geotextile enclosure is: the width is 65 cm; a pillar of 5 cm in diameter 3 meters apart is posted; textile is fixed onto the pillar which goes underground 30 cm. 15 cm of textile is pressed with earth. The location needed settlement tank are following: K96+500, K104+000, K109+850, K112+250, K132+050, K149+200, K150+530, K165+100, K168+460, K171+300, K174+600, K177+900, Kl80+700, K184+200, K189+200, K196+000, K199+000, K201+900, K206+800, K215+650, K220+300, K231+750, K251+650, K254+900, K261+300, K264+800, K269+700, K273+550, K276+440, K286+250, K289+850, K294+540, K303+400, K316+500, K320+480, K325+300, K329+000, K334+600. (2) Schemes to dispose of waste earth and stone There is cutting at heavy rolling areas, most waste earth at which will be used for filling. The surplus waste earth will not be heaped at will or dumped onto flood-land. Instead, it will be stored up in the waste earth sites. It can also be used for rehabilitation. In selecting and designing the waste earth sites, the following will be considered: -The sites will not be located upstream of villages and large public utilities, neither will they be located downstream of dangerous areas of collapses or slides; -The height of the dump will not be higher than the adjacent ground level; -On either side of the highest dump, drain ditches will be dug; 'If the height is above 5m, there must be a terrace of 1.5-2.Om with every 5m increment, the slope of which will not be greater than 1:1.0; -To remove seepage, blind pipes will be installed. The diameter of the pipe will be 250 ~ 300mm buried with pebbles of 500mm depth. -The surface of the waste sites will be planted with trees or grasses. (3) Preventive works Large scale of cutting, filling, excavation of mountains will lead to exposure of slopes resulting in soil erosion, collapses or slides. The slopes at roadsides and newly cutting will be protected. In the preliminary design, the concrete requirements have been suggested about preventive Works: a) Embankment of filling To protect the slope of embankment of filling, when the magnitude of the slope is less 8m, the design cut slope is 1: 1.5; when the height is more than Sm, the cut slope is 1:1.5 at top part, 1:1.75 at lower 35 part. For embankment of stone filling, when the magnitude is less than 20m, the design cut is 1:1.3 at 8m; 1:1.5 below 8 m. When the magnitude is more than 20m, 1:1.3 at 8m above. Below that magnitude, the ratio varies every 12m. The slopes are in turn: 1:1.5, 1:1.75 and 1:1.2. A Im high terrace is provided every two stages. b) Sections of cutting The construction in heavy rolling hilly areas, exposure of slopes of large areas is resulted from cutting and excavation. As a result, soil erosion, collapses and slides occur. Therefore, the exposed slopes need to be protected. The work amount of protection is in table 3-1. For embankment slope protection, see Table 3-2. When the height of slope in more than 10m, there is a terrace every 10 m the width of which is 2m or Im depending on their geological conditions. On the terrace a rectangular drain ditch of 40 x 40cm is dug. c) Protection of embankment According to the landform, geological conditions and properties of filling, the following measures are proposed: -Sodding for the slope less than 1.5m of earth; . Diamond-shape frame protection for slopes between 1.5 - 5m. A square is provided 2m apart, and in the square grass is planted. -Arc frame protection for slopes of earth more than 5m in which grass is planted; *Stone masonry slope for slopes exposed to flood or near outlets of bridges and culverts; -Stone masonry toe for half-cutting half-filling embankment. The toe will not be higher than 5m, and 7.5 mortar bond. -Stone retaining walls for steeper natural slopes, the height of which will not be more than 20m. (4) Drainage works Rain seepage and artesian aquifer contributes to slope collapse and slides to great extent. Therefore, at slopes of large cutting, drain ditches will be provided to ensure that the runoff on both sides is discharged more smoothly and faster. The following requirements will be met in designing of drainage facilities. a) The side ditches will be placed parallel to the road to remove the runoff of the pavement or from upstream. The side ditches will be dug in the following way: -The minimum longitudinal slope will be above 0.5%; Table 3-1 Large Slopes Caused by Cutting Mountains station protective slope catchment ditches (m) I length (m) average elevation (m) ara(r' K97+2000+600 400 20 6000 440 K]07+2500+450 200 15 3000 -230 K114+9500115+120 170 20 3400 210 KI16+9500KI1l7+450 500 10 5000 520 K122+5000+750 200 25 K]24+2500+400 ISO_25_3150 250 K134+3000+600 300 3510 K144+4000+650 250 18 K[45+4500K146+050 600 22 13200 644 K155+8000K156+200 400 20 8000 440 K157+3500+760 410 17 6970 444 K161+5200+850 330 18 5940 366 K175+3400I+660 320 20 6400 360 K]91+3000+550 250 18 8750 286 K208+3800+550 170 12 2040 194 K208+8000K209+050 250 16 4000 282 K224+1500+360 160 12 1920 284 K238+3600+700 340 13 4420 366 K244+6500+900 250 20 5000 290 K246+8000K247+050 250 25 6250 300 K247+3000+500 200 25 5000 250 K250+0800+350 270 15 4050 300 K265+2500+700 450 14 6300 478 K271+1000+360 - 260 15 3900 290 K306+2500+620 370 18 6660 406 K307+2500+650 400 16 6400 423 K308+3000+650 350 19 665 38 Table 3-2 Grade of Embankment Slope types of soil and stone elevation of slope 3020 2030 36 looser 1:1.021:1.5 1:1.501:1.75 ordinary soil compact or moderately compact 1:0.501:1.0 1:0.7501:1.15 cementing 1:0.301:0.5 1:0.5D1:0.75 loess 1:0.101:1.25 1:0.401:1.25 magmatite,thick limestone or silicon, 1:0.1021:0.75 1.010 1:1.0 calsiun gravel gneiss marble stones sand, conglomerate, thinlimestone, 1:0.1 21:1.0 1:0.201:1.25 harder stale shale, phyllite, mica chlorite, talcose 1:0.201:1.25 1:0.301:1.5 rock carbonaceous shale -25 year floods design; - Lining ditches will be dug at the sections vulnerable to erosion; at other sections earth ditches dug. *Lining side ditches will be dug; -The cross sections will be rectangular or trapezoid, and the width and depth will be no less than 30cm. However, at the sections prone to be blocked, L-shaped cross sections will be fit. b) Transverse drainage facilities The transverse drainage facilities are used to remove the runoff from natural gullies or pavement. The design requirements are as follows: -The alignment will be placed in cross cut way with natural gullies and irrigation channels; The drainage culverts and pipes will be orthogonal with the road. To prevent from eroding subgrade or the lower part of slopes, the outlets of culverts will be provided with.drainage ditches to guide the runoff to safe places. The longitudinal slope of the drainage will not be less than 3% and at the inlets, catch facilities will be provided. c) Restoration of vegetation -High trees and bushes will be planted on either side within right-of-way, at crossings or in the vicinity of residential areas(within 50m); -Subgrade slopes and cutting slopes of mountains will be sodded or grassed; -The permanent waste sites will be compacted and covered with surface soil to restore vegetation; -It is suggested to plant fast-growth trees like masson pine, acacia rachii, Chinese sweet gum, cypress, camphor tree, camplotheca acuminata and oriental white oak; grasses are ciliate desert-grass, caloglossa, asparagus and yellow couchgrass etc. C. Implementation Management of Schemes (1) Institutional arrangement Water and soil conservation programs will be in the charge of Guangxi Communications Division and the highway construction commission agencies. Their responsibilities contain: construction drawing design.the contents and requirements of which will be specified in tending documents as contracts; the facility quality and schedule will be monitored by experts; the acceptance staff will be include experts from EP units and water conservation units. In operation phase, specialized staff will be assigned by Guangxi High-class Highway Agency to take care of highway environmental protection and water conservation works. Their work also include routine and maintenance work.. (2) Technical measures -In inviting tenders, the traits, awareness of environmental protection and water conservation of the workers will be taken into account; -Qualified technicians water and soil conservation will be assigned for supervision; -Fund will be set aside by both employer and contractor for training or monitoring of soil erosion etc. 37