China - Tongbai Pumped Storage Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 2 of 2)

TONGBAI PUMPED - STORAGE POWER STATION PROJECT ZHEJIANG 500kV TRANSMISSION & SUBSTATION PROJECT E-277 VOL. 2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Zhejiang Provincial Electric Power Company October 1998  TABLE OF CONTENTS Implementation Conclusion 1. Project Description 2. Potential Environmental Impact 3. Measures Proposed 4. Enviromental Management and Plan 5. Public Participation 1.0 Preface 1.1 Category of EIA 1.2 List of References 1.3 Areas of Environmental Concerns and Protection Objectives 1.4 Main Environmental Impacts of the Proposed Project 1.5 Boundary And Standards of the Environmental Impact Assessment 2.0 General Description Of The Proposed Project 2.1 Constitution of the Proposed Project 2.2 Investment Situation of the Proposed Project 2.3 Option Analysis 2.3.1 Main Principles of Power Transmission Line Routes and Substation Sites Selection 2.3.2 Ninabo-Wenzhou 500kV Tranmission Line 2.3.3 Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV Transmission Line 2.3.4 Zhuji 500kV Substation 2.3.5 Xiaoshan 500kV Substation 2.3.6 Wenzhou 500kV Substation 2.3.7 Ningbo 500kV Substation 2.3.8 Yonzxi 500kV Substation 2.4 Description of Power Transmission Lines Project 2.4.1 'Description of Ninabo--Werzhou 500kV Power Transmission Line Project 2.4.2 Description of Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV Power Transmission Lines Project 2.4.3 Clearance of conductors to ground and objects crossed over 2.4.4 Construction Machines and Main Construction Methods 2.5 Description of Substations 3.0 Environment Conditions 3.1 Natural Conditions .3.1.1 Climate 3.1.2 Hydrolo-v 3.1.3 Geology and Geomorphologv 3.1.4 Soils 3. .5 Environmental Situation of substation sites 3.2 Ecological Conditions 3.2. 'Wet Land 3.2.2 Terrestrial Plants 3.2.3 Terrestrial Animals 3.3 Social Environment 3.3.1 Administration Division 3.3.2 Social Economy 3.3.3 Land Use 3.4 Living Quality 3.4.1 Historic Relics and Scenery Spots 3.4.2 Living Quality 3.5 Environment Quality of Locality of the Project 4.0 Impact of Environment on The Proposed Project and Protection Measures 4.1 Impact of Harmful Geological Conditions on Power Transmission Lines and Protection Measures 4.2 Impact of Wind And Ice on Power Transmission Lines and Protection Measures 4.3 Impact of Ambient Air Pollutants on Power Transmission Lines and Protection Measures 4.4 Impact of Communications on Power Transmission Lines and Protection Measures 4.5 Impact of Forest Fires on Power Transmission Lines and Protection Measures 5.0 Identification of Environmental Impact 5.1. Construction Stage 5.2 Operation Stage 6.0 Environmental Impact in Construction Period 6.1 Construction 6.1.1 Land Occupation 6.1.2 Main Engineering Quantity 6.2 Impact on Natural Environment 6.2.1 Impact on Water Bodies 6.2.2 Impact on air environment 6.2.3 Noise Impact 6.2.4 Impact to Mineral Resource 6.2. 5 Impact on Land 6.2.6 Water and Soil Loss 6.3 Impact on Ecological Environment 6.3.1 Impact on Plants 11 6.3.2 Impact to Animals 6.3.3 Impact on Wetland ecological environment 6.4 Impact on Social Environment 6.4.1 Impact on Traffic by Transmission Lines construction 6.4.2 Impact on Hizh-volta2e Electric Wires Crossed-over by Transmission Lines 6.4.3 Impact on Agricultural Production 6.5 Impact on Life Quality 6.5.1 Impact on Cultural Resources 6.5.2 Impact on Scenic Spots 6.5.3 Impact on Landscape 6.5.4 Labor Force Import 6.5.5 The Land Occupation and Relocation 7.0 Environmental Impact In Operational Period 7.1 Impact on Natural Environment 7.1.1 Impact on Water Environment 7.1.2 Impact on Air Environment 7.1.3 Impact on Sound Environment 7.1.4 Impact on Flood Release Capacity of Rivers 7.2 Impact on Ecological Environment 7.2.1 Impact on Agricultural Ecology 7.2.2 Impact on Forest Ecology 7.2.3 Impact on Wetland Ecology 7.2.4 Impact on Wvildlife and Plants, Particularly The Rare Species 7.2.5 Impact of Electric Field and Noise on Ecological Environment 7.3 Impact on Social Environment 7.3.1 Impact on Traffic 7.3.2 Impac, of the 500kV transmission line to other power lines 7.3.3 Impact on telecommunication 7.3.4 Impact on Agricultural Production 7.4 Impact to Living Quality of Local People 7.4.1 Impact to peoples health 7.4.2 Impact on cultural resource 7.4.3 Impact on natural appearance 7. 4.4 Impact on local commercial activities and cultural conflict 8.0 Mitigation Measures 8.1 Planning and Design Stage 8.1.1 Residential Area. Cultural Resource and Scenic Spots. Etc. 8.1.2 T ra ffi c 8.1I.3 Power Lines and communication Lines 8.1.4 Land Occupation 8.1.5 Sound and WEater Environment 8.1.6 Ecolonical Environment 8.2 Construction Stage Impact to Living QualityoIoalPol 8.2.1 Residential Area, Cultural Resource and Scenic Spots. Etc. 8.2.2 Traffic 8.2.3 Water Environment and Water and Soil Conservation 8.2.4 Aaricultural Production 8.2.5 Ecolo2ical Environmental Protection 8.2.6 Training in Environemental Protection 8.3 Operation Stage 8.3.1 Residential Area. Cultural Resource and Scenic Spots. Etc. 8.3.2 Sound, Water and Air Environment 8.3.3 Land Occupation and Ecological Environment 8.3.4 Natural Appearance 9.0 Environmental Management and Monitoring 9.1 Environmental Management Organization 9.2 Environmental Management And Monitoringement 9.3 Acceptance for Environmental Protection Equipment 10.0 Public Participation 10.1 Public Participation during the Transmission Line Selection 10.2 Survey Of Public Opinion 10.3 Result For Survey Of Public Opinion Reference Materials Attachment A Attachment B IV Implementation Conclusion The power transmission of Zhejiang electric power system will be delivered from the north to the south. and from the east to the west with large capacity for incoming/outgoing till 2000-2005 due to the limit for natural splitting of Qiantang river and the external conditions for construction of large scale power plant. A number of power grid projects shall be built in order to ensure the industrial and agricultural production. people's living. safe and reliable operation of the power system of Zhejiang province. Tongbai Pumped - Storage Power Station Project (Zhejiang 500kV Transmission & Substation Project) is one of the proposed power grid projects. According to the environment management policy and procedure requirement of the World Bank, the "Environment Assessment"(OD4.01) will be followed for the environment evaluation of this project by Southwest Electric Power Design Institute and Zhejiang Provincial Electric Power Design Institute entrusted by Zhejiang Province Electric Power Company . So, in June and July 1998, the EIA stuff of Southwest Eletric Power Design Insitute and Zhejiang Province Eletric Power Design Institute have invistgated those sites impacted by the project and collected much information about natural environment. ecological environment- social environment and engineering design. 1. Project Description 1.1 Options Analysis The necessity of construction, options for transmission line routine and sites of substation were compared and optimized in the technical, economical and environmental aspects respectively. 1.2 Project Description The project includes: New project of Ningbo-Wenzhou 500kV transmission line, single circuit. 275km long; New project of Tongbal-Zhuji 500kV transmission line, double circuits. 2 x 111km Iona: Extension project of Wenzhou 500kV substation founded by the Zhejiang Power Development Project Transmission Project Using Cost Savings. I x 1000MVA transformer; Extension project of Ningbo 500kV substation founded by the Zhejiang Power Development Project Transmission Project Using Cost Savings, I x l000MVA transformer: New project of Zhuji 500kV substation. I x 750MVA transformer; I New project of Yongxi 500kV substation, I x 750M1VA transformer; New project of Xiaoshan 500kV substation. I x 750MVA transformer: The geologic location of poject proposed is shown in Fig. 2-2. Ninzbo-Wenzhou 500kV transmission line is from the outlet line frame in Ningbo 500kV substation to the inlet line frame in Wenzhou substation. passing through Ying county. Fenghua city. Ninghai city, Sanmeng city. Linghai city. Huangvan district of Wenzhou. Yongjia county and Ouhal district of Wenzhou. Totally. 633 tower shall be built and 12.1ha land be occupied for tower base construction. Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV transmission line is from the outlet line frame in Tongbai pumped- storage power substation to the inlet line frame in Zhuji 500kV substation. passing through Tiantai county. Xingchang county, Shenzhou city and Zhuji city. Totally. 2x255 towers shall be built and 9.7ha land be occupied for tower base construction. 2. Potential Environment Impact 2.1 Construction Stage The environment impact during construction period is mainly caused by the permanent land acquisition and temporary land acquisition of line-drag area and construction access. which will result shortly the chanie of land use. damage of local ecological environment and water and soil loss. The land occupation of tower base for Ningbo-Wenzhou 500kV transmission line will be 12.1ha, including 2.23ha cultivated land. 9.87ha wood land. The temporary land occupation is 62.46ha. including 12.64ha cultivated land. 49.82ha wood land; the wood land occupied permanently by access roads for checking lines will be 31.4ha. The land occupation of tower base for Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV transmission line will be 9.7ha. including 1.73ha cultivated land. 7.97ha woodland. The temporary land occupation is 49.19ha. including 9.33ha cultivated land. 39.86ha wood land: the wood land occupied permanently by access roads for checkina lines will be 25.3ha. The total land occupation for substation construction is 47.87ha. which is mainly all of cultivated land. The work quantity of line-laying construction is small with scattered construction sites and mainly by manual operation. Mostly. there is no resident near the construction area, so that the impact of construction noise is small. During construction period, there are few workers. so the living wastewater will not have influence on certain section of accommodated water bodies concentrately. The dust caused by construction will be limited in construction area mainly. The excavation and cuttina of veaetation will affect in a certain degree to plant resources and water and soil protection. But. the land occupation of woodland is relatively scattered. and the regional ecological environment will be not affected systematically. The operation wastewater during construction period of substation is mainly of suspended matter and oil. The peak water demand of construction for each substation is 50m-h, and its wastewater will be about 70% of water demand. The wastewater from construction machines and washinz of construction sites will discharge into nearby water body, which will make water turbid and the particles will affect ecological environment of water body after sunkin2. For construction of substations, the living sewage will be discharged into rivers nearby throuzh ditches. It will affect the downstream water environment if no treatment. If the substation has fence. the noise by construction equipment outside the plant boundary will meet the standard "Noise Limit of Construction Area Boundary"(GB12523-90) and Grade II of "Noise Standard In Urban Regional Environment" (GB3096-93). 2.2 Operation Stage The electrostatic induction electromagnetic field and noise caused by operation of substation and transmission line will mainly affect ecological environment and people's health as well as communication affected by radio interference . If the livine wastewater. accident oiled wastewater and aci wastewater from maintenance in substation are directly discharged, this will heavily damage the river nearby. The necessary measures shall be taken to meet the standard. The noise at the plant boundary is decreased to less than 50dB. which meets the Grade II of "Noise Standard In Industrial Plant Boundary" (GB 12348-90). The limit value of relative specifications is strictly followed for the desian of transmission line and substation and the radio protection distance is controlled. And certain measures shall be taken to reduce the influences. Therefore, the field from transmission line and substation will not affect normal operation of transmission line, wire and wireless communication. During the process of resettlement and recovery of production, it will certainly have some impact on natural environment (including water and soil protection). ecoloRical environment and social environment in resettlement area and host area. and also have direct influence to the quality of production and living of resettlers. 3. Measures Proposed 3.1 During Planning and Design Procedure For the selection of line route and substation sites, the sensitive resident area, cultural resources and scenic spots shall be avoided. The design parameters shall be well chosen. usin2 the ways includin2 triangle line lavout. higher installation elevation, steel aluminum twisted wire for conductor position change and earthine position change and so on to decrease the impact on communication, transportation and other transmission lines, and to reduce the land occupation and damage of ecological environment. 3.2 Construction Stage The vegetation protection and tree-cutting shall be paid for high attention for temporary access construction. The necessary instructions shall be given to construction personnel. It is forbidden to hunt the wild animal. The excavation spoils shall be well treated to escape water and soil loss. The re-farming and re- planting shall be done after the temporary land occupation. The operation wastewater will be not allowed to dischar-e directlv. The wastewater treatment system of each substation shall be established. Only the wastewater meeting the Grade-I of "Integral Discharge Standard Of Wastewater"(GB8978-1996) will be allowed to release. The temporarv toilet with corresponding septic tank shall be set in the construction area of substation. After treatment by septic tank, the sewage shall be discharged. For the construction near resident area. the noise-proof wall shall be set. The limit value for night construction and night truck driving of "Limit Value In Construction Area"(GB12523-90) shall be strictly followed to meet the Grade I of "Noise Standard In Urban Regional Environment" (GB3096-93) in such sensitive area. The study and trainin of environment protection and management shall be made to construction personal, inhabitants along the transmission line and near the substation to raise their capacity of environment protection and management. 3.3 Operation Stage The septic tank, accident oil tank and neutral pool shall be set in substations to treat the wastew'ater oiled vastewater and acid wastewater. which is only allowed to transpon outside after treatment or discharge after meetinz the standards. The noise insulation. sound absorption measures shall be taken for the device installation area to meet the Grade II of "Noise Standard In Industrial Plant Boundarn" (GBI2348-90) and Grade II of "Noise Standard In Urban Regional Environment" (GB3096-93). The original farming way of temporarily occupied land shall be recovered and tree planting shall be performed in substation area to reduce the impact on water and soil loss and ecoloLical environment. During the compilation and implementation of resettlement action plan. the environment factors shall be fuly considered to ensure no impact on environment quality and living level. The study and trainin2 about safety of transmission line and substation and environment protection knowledge shall be made to inhabitants along the transmission line and near the substation to raise their capacity of self-protection and supervision for environment protection: The study and training shall be made to environment management personnel of power cooperation. power supply bureau. substation and transmission line to raise their capacity of environment protection and management. 4. Environmental Management and Plan See Table I- Table 3 for the environment management and plan. During construction. contractor and project owner will be together to consult the measures for environmtal protection periodically in order to resolve the coming environmental problems, thus the impact on local public safety and environment will be minimized and the construction will be ensured. 5. Public Participation During the preparatory stage, routing and site selection stage, the office had consulted extensively with the local People's Government at all levels, social community and public authorities about site options and routes of the lines. In March 1998, the social survey along the transmission line and site area of substation was carried out. The results indicate that the public agrees with the construction of this project. But they require the constructor minimize and pay the proper compensation for the resettlement. land occupation and other environmental damage due to the construction. 5 TNlni nn Imagtillell, Moln1i10ing ad investIlneit Ptge Poillt Miligiion m eig c , Inspecti SupeCvismg I Noise Use low-iioise eqLLipilell, Contractor Oice a Le gm, alilix. Local Conistructionl 25.0 L ocal elviloIllmelIal stop usilg iig-ono isC mlonlith moito peak peiod ioteIcctinil bLileiaiL )ust Ise telosing fence, CollIractor One a I ocal Coistr uctioll 9 0 I oczli elviio)eniiil siraylig waler 111o1111h lonio peak peliod piloiection buleau pel iod ically i ilig Agr. ccology Timely restoring daiaged Contractor Iniermediumu Accept Afler 5.0 Local agriculilural vegelatioln inspection and alice constiLet ioln bureau and water and survey for teii soil collservalley project oIic (onstr Lclon Sewage Seituig lemporary seplie Contractor Onlce a COD, Bo5, Local Consttuetion 8.5 Local environmenlt tank accoiding to niumber 111011111 SS and Colon monito peak peliod protection bureau of labor on site, and bacillus group i ilig haulfling ot of %1tationl site peidiclly______________ Land ise Try to use less land Contractor Construction Colnstruction 2.5 Local Land buteau slage peak period aid water and soil conservancy oflice Resettleiment Pay coipensation Local During Environllmenltal Local During L.0(not Local government, accoi ding to Reselleme implemental monitor ing item monlilo implem al in includiig People's conlgress regtilation, timely and la 01,icee lont ol RAP and r esettlement ring ion of RA P reselllemilenti. and elvionmil1enltal ploperly arralnge rescttlers mehliod to be stltion fee) piolectioll billeii iraining lini caicers of piojecl Project Test foi lIleory Ploject Illitial Refer to 1 ocal ellviomnlelial owiieri in elvironmen11 ltal owiiei and and piriactice owler conliistiruct ionI Table 3 protecoll uriClu Lnd irolectioii, educate cotrtlor period labrlei u labolels in elvirolnmental I-Ic IC c ~ield <opt sclielliing¯e( r i'iojcc ()ne tuie Subsiatiol site ¯ ¯ocal iitial stage List inlio .ocal enviroilnental qipmelnt wlcrc oVner af<er and boundary: rmonito of operalion project prolectin burean necessary operation electrostatic ring invcstint or induIctIion saonoperaftioni cost electric field and flagnetic field \½ste watcr I reat sewage before Project Once a year COD, 1101)5, Local Operation List into I ocal enivilonmeuitaul discharge owner NI13- N, SS, monito stage project cost protection ircau Operation colon bacillus ring _______ __ _______ _____ _______ group______statimon _____ Ti aining Tr ain project owner in Project Once before Project before Refer to Loca I¯eivir<nnlental environmental protection, owner operation owner operation Table 3 proteetion biureau aind educite local liibor bureau residents in environmental Noisc Adopt low-noise Pl oject Onice a yeaur Substaltion site Local Initial stage List into Iocal environneilal cquipmient, silcncing owner and field: Lecg, ionito of operation project cost protection bureaut materials, protection vais LeqMax t ing and greening station Table 2 Liviroimenal Managenment md initoring Poilts anltd ivestien lor T rasission I itle Stage p>ointii atiomeasu es Mon itoi i acceptar ce,linspecti in ____ C.ost Super vism g n iti C-tr---equec Iem Unit __Te (0 Yn Noise Use lo\v-noise Cquipulent, Conta eor Once a le Leqiiiax. Iocal Constitetion 30.0 Local enviliolulental Imolltl imoiiiioriiig peak pei iod jlotectioli burea Land use To ise less land atnd Colntracto Collstilction Intermlleditiul Acce pia.ince Coistiuc(ioni 2500+1 Local la burii il 1)eati, tuinely iestoi ationi period inspection and te;iun peak peiiod agricultual hureati accepiance for and and waier anid soil - ec-acceptance conseiv;ancy olce Agr Ci ips Comllpensatioln for Coor actor Cnstruction Acce)taiice Acce)taiice Upon Coiipens Locil aet l danaged crops, timely pei iod sni vey teii pi ojecl allon bureau iestoi ing damaged acceptance based on vegetation actual Coistruclioni Ti ces Tinely CoillpCinsalion to Local Consti ict ion AccepLaice Acceptaic L Listi ito Locail t lic bureau feling of tall rees, tie Rlesetilleiie pc iod sur vcy leamii prl oject comupensa planting at oIler loeationl nit O1ece accepance tion flor [lee felled Wild plants and Not to damuage wildlife Contiactor Construction 6.0 Local forest bureau aniiapclperiod and eivioiietial __ J IOCtion uliiau llie crossing Consultiig Vitil local Contractor Constiruetionk 8 0 Local goveinIent, Iaffle departiment to fix pei ld People's conugiess conistilletionl lime før lille and enývir-onmetll1i seciois crossing i oads and proteeiioil bulcau iiveits lRelics and scene Keep away cultuial and -Desigier Coinstruction 4 0 Locat el es and liistoi ieni i elies and tourist and period tout ist ittianci iio contr orl adiiiiuiist ioi Resettlement kIeep m;way tein Designet Vo be decided ,ocal u)nring 7 tal governmei residential area by using and local based onn monitoring implenentat including ald Cenvironiental angle tover, tinely resett lemen resettlement station ion of RA P resettleime protection burean relonaion and t icc method lit fee) Collpensatiorn and ic,ýettlcient, try to reducc !aid use for tower base Iraiing T rain protject onVler in P oject Construction Project Constrc en Refer to I ocal labor blireall environmental protection, own er and period oxvner period fable 3 edcte loail residents in contractor environmerntal knovedge Noise Keeping te line away Project (nce a year e, ILeqMax Iocl Initil suage List inte !oca enviromnental from residential areas in owncr monitoring of operation operation protection bureau the course ofdesign station cost Ilectie fteld Field strengtli requiremnent Prtoject One time 1lIectrostatic MicrovavC Initial stage IList into l.ocal environmenta considered in design, owncr aner induction Research of operation project protection bireal shielding adopted, operation electtomagnetic Institute of investmen triangular arrangement fieldd i he 7.ejhiang t nr ndpted to reduce ground sagging and Medical operation tfeld strengtii normal directions University cost Operation at I or 2 poilts under ihe tnranission line iime Crossig li a[e safety considered i Project Onle time for I,is into Locatl itafie bureau design, suRicient safety oiier inspectioln poject cleiarance of lines afer investimen considered in design - operatin t TralTung fraini carcers or project Project Once al ler Project before Refet o I oca levit onmenta owiner in environnmental ownr operatiion OWIer operat on Tle 3 protectiin hille ian proectiotn, eduicate and labor local laiors in bu enk cnviroenn tal reuations * Including temiporary land requisitini I % Table 3 Fnaviaentai rotection rainiiig i>jaij lim Pal ltic ipalnts Trairlinig coliteis Pa u icipantiis Eýducationi Trimle otPlacc P1oleeii of Constluction i Wildlife Protectioi .aw of PRC 260 Above senior Two 5.2 ll China Vildle and labois is and staff 2. Water and Soil Conservancy L.aw ofl IRC middle scIDol days an lszl, andkt water and soil Knowledge of lesidents nremby I Compulsory specilications telautig el'ective proecltion stated 5(0 Aliove junior wo 10.2 Il China eiviuneial Ihe nausmission in Design Specifications tf IV Power Linc iunpact on Radio middle school days protection line and substation Satlion 2. Impact of extremely low liequency eletroiiagnetic field, condition and channels 3. Noise standard in miban areas lviloilelltal Environiienal 1. Radiation environment guideline, radiation uonitoiing, 20 Above Seven 2.1 lit China mionitoi ing meithod pirection stall of Cqlipietl and meliod techiiical days Sibsateion aud 2. Use method ofnoise detecting device secondary electric power school 500kv line Eivironiental 1. Iupleuentation Regulation of Prolection of 'Teiestrial 15 Above Four 0.6 Il China coiistiLitioi and muanageienit stalf Wildlite ielhnical days envihonmeental of electric power 2. Implemreniation Regulalion of I>rotectiin of Aquatic Wildlife secondary management coipalny 3. Impculementation Regiiitioii of Water and Soil Coiserva ncy school 4. Implementalion R egu lition of Piotection of Wild Planis Elviromentl Managing stalf et 1. IBRI) Operational Directive 4.01(D4.01) I7 Above Feur 0.7 l China manlagenelit electric power 2. Environmental Proteclo i Law ofl RC college days coilpany and 3. Metliod of Environmenial PIiotection Maiiageieini for design inustitute Constiruleioi Projects 4. Notice of Strengthening ElA Management fo >iijecls iiaied by lnternational Fi nancing lstitutions 1.0 Preface Zhejiang Province is located in the East China Recion where the economy is developed. The economy in the region is developed rapidly. as a result. the pover load in the region also increases sharply. Predicted by the Zhejiang Provincial Electric Power Grid Plan. the pover load and power demand in Zhejianz Province will reach 11000MW and 66.0 billion kWh by the year of 2000. It is estimated tha: the annual erowth rates will be 9.3 1 % and 8.45% durina the "Ninth Five-Year Develpment Program" period as well as 8.45% and 8.23% durinz the "Tenth Five-Year Develpment Program" period. The main electric grid geologic connection of the Zheiiang Provincial Power System in 1997 is shown in Fig.1-1 and the planned main electric connection of the system for 2005 is shown in Fig.1-2 and Fig.1-3. In order to meet the increasing load demand in different prefectures and cities, and ensure power transmission of new pover sources, it is planned to build a series of electric power grid projects of which Tongbai Pumped - Storage Power Station Project (Zhejiang 500kv Transmission & Substation Project) is proposed. This transmission project is composed of two extensions of 500kV substation respectively in Ninbo and Wenzhou, three new 500kV substations in Yongxi, Tongbai and Zhuji. two 500kV transmission lines from Ninabo to Wenzhou and from Tongbai to Zhuji. 1.1 Category of EIA According to the World Bank's Operational Directive OD4.01 "Environment Assessment". the EA of this project falls category B,. i.e.. the project may have adverse or sianificant environmental impacts: however, adoption of effective remedial measures can avoid or migrate the impacts. Therefore, an EA analysis is to carr- out generally. 1.2 List Of References (1) "Environmental Protection Law of the P.R.China" (2) NEPA(86) document No.003 "Construction Project Environmental Management Rules". (3) "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment" HJT2.1-2.3--93. (4) 'Technical Guidelines for Noise Environmental Impact Assessment" HIJT2.4--1996. (5) "Guidelines on Manapement of Radioactive Environmental Protection Environmental Impact Assessment Methods and Standards on Electromagnetic Radiation"HJ/TI 0.3--1996. JiangSu Province DouShan T*LaeShang Hoi NonOloo AnHui Province FcnCha PinYonZhou Cover A!5.r LonTing 1,53- Is 3.0 E;-iLu n Shuang Long LEGEND E Thermal Plant * 500KV Substation - 500KV Power Line Fig.1-1 Geographical Sketch Of ZheJiang 500KV Power System Connections By 1997 12 JiangSuProvince ShangHai DouShan Sagc Non0iac AnHul Province FanChong :I n ShuangLi TianH ngPing Wo an < JioXing PinYoo HangDon S0ooS on YuYoo 27A BelLun ZhJl LanTing NigB LNC ZNnYingLongShan JInHua Tong9el WenZho FuJicn Province LEGEND Planning Operating -@- -@j- 500KV Substation Powerline E Thermal Plant Pumped Siorage Power Station CD Nuclear Power Station Fig.1-2 Geographical Sketch Of ZheJicng 500KV Power Sysiem Conneciions By 2005 (Scheme 2) i3 JiangSuProvince AnHu! Province Nno DouShon~hor ProvinPrvcec PFanCngOpergin Fa C,qng Shua Lin TionHu gPing Won Sar, JIoXingn PinYao anqDo P z XioS aShu a ng a Won Ponel iN LanTng elLun ZhuJ Nuc PYingLongShon JInHu &TongBei WeriZhou LEGEND FuJia Province Of Ohe tng --ymn y- 500KV Substation Powerline EBThermal Plant Pumped Storage Power Station SNuclear Power Station Fic.1-3 Geographical Sketch Of ZheJiang 500KV Power Systern Connections By 2005 (Scherne 1) (6) "Electrornacnetic Radiation Environmental Protection Management Rules (7) "Forest Law of the P.R.China" (8) "Electrical Power Law of the P.R.China- (9) Water and Soil Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China. (10) Wildlife Protection Law of the People's Republic of China. (11) Wild Plant Protection Rules of the People's Republic of China. (12) Land Adiministration Law of the People's Republic of China. (13) "Guidelines of Environmental Impact Assessment Work" (OD4.01) of World Bank. 1.3 Areas of Environmental Concerns And Protection Objectives (1) Residential areas and villages 1km away from edge conductors of transmission lines. (2) Residential areas and villages 1km away from the fence of substations. (3) Post cDmmunication facilities and transmission lines 1km away from edge conductors of transmission lines (4) Post communication facilities and transmission lines 1km away from the fence of substations. (5) Airports. radio stations. anc scenic zones besides edge conductors of transmission lines (6) Airports. radio stations. and scenic zones near substations. (7) %Vild Animals and plants 1km away from edge conductors of transmission lines, especially those protected by the Nation . (8) Wild Animals and plants 1km away from substations, especially those protected by the Nation . 1.4 Main Environmental Impacts of the Proposed Project 15 Table 1-1 Main Environmental Impacts of the Proposed Project ProJect Substations Po\er transmission lines Construction Itemporal land occupation. impact of the building and clearing of period construction noise .vibration. in-and-out cor-idors for construction on solid waste, discharue of residents and vegetation, temporal land wastewater and domestic sewage. occupation. etc. destrov of ecosystem. etc. Operation impact of electric field and impact of electric field and magnetic period magnetic field of electrostatic field of electrostatic induction, audible induction, noise. waste%vater and corona noise. radio interference. land sewage, radio interference on occupation on environment and environment and ecosystem.. ecosystem. land occupation. etc. 1.5 Boundary And Standards Of The Environmental Impact Assessment 1.5.1 Boundary Of The Environmental Impact Assessment 1.5.1.1 Noise (1) Power transmission lines: ribbon shape zones 20m outside edge conductors of the power transmission lines. (2) Substations: Im outside the wall of substation. 1.5.1.2 Electrostatic Induction Electromagnetic Field (1) Power transmission lines: ribbon shape zones 30m outside edge conductors of the power transmission lines. (2) Substations: scope 1km from the center of substation. 1.5.1.3 Radio Interference (1) Power transmission lines: ribbon shape zones 20m outside edge conductors of the power transmission lines. (2) Substations: 20m outside the wa]' of substation. 1.5.1.4 Ecological Environment 16 The investigating and evaluating bounda- is a ribbon-shaped area. boundary of which is set at 10kn- outside the power transrrission lines and substations. especially at Ikm outside the power transmission lines and substations. 1.5.2 Standards Of The Environmental Impact Assessment and Design (I) "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard-. GB8978-1996. (2) "Limits of Noise at Boundary of Architectural Construction Site" GB12523-90. (3) "Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area "GB3069-93. (4) "Standard of Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises"GB12348-90. (5) Limits of Radio Interference . Power transmission lines: "Limits of Radio Interference from AC Hiah Voltace Overhead Power Transmission Lines".GB1507-1995. . Substations: The allowable radio interference value is 50dB with a frequency of IMhz on fine days at 20m outside the substation wall in non-outgoing direction of the power transmission lines. (6) Limit standards of electrostatic induction The limits of electrostatic induction electric field intensity in the assessment of the proposed project are used as follows: . Power transmission lines: The max. intensity limit of undistorted electric field in the power transmission lines corTidor at I rn above ground are Road: 7 kV/m Familand: 9.5 kV'/m Residential area: 4 kV/m . Substations: The intensity limit of the proposed substations or nearby places a: 1.5n above ground are: Distribution equipment area: 10k V/m 17 Working area for operation staff: 8kV/m The fence outside substations in non-outzoinc direction of the power transmission lines: 5kV/m (7) "Allowable Values of Telecommunication Lines Impacted severely by Violent Power Transmission lines"GB6830-86. (8) "Protection Interval between Overhead Power Transmission Lines and Amplitude Modulation Radio Station "GB7495-87. (9) "Technical Regulations of Overhead Power Transmission Lines Design"SDJ3-79. (10) "Design Regulations of Power Transmission lines Impacting severely on Telecommunication Lines"DL5033-94. (I I) "Inland River Transportation Standards"BGJ139-90. (12) "Design Regulations of High Voltaae Power Transmission lines Impacting Radio Stations"DL/T-95. (13) "Technical Repulations of Overhead Power Supply Lines Design-SDJ206-87. is 2.0 General Description Of The Proposed Project 2.1 Constitution of the Proposed Project The branch project includes: New project of Ningbo-Wenzhou 500kV transmission line. sincle circuit. 275km lon2: New project of Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV transmission line. double circuits. 2 x 1 Ikm lonz: Extension project of Wenzhou 500kV substation. 1 x I 000MVA transformer Extension project of Ningbo 500kV substation. I x IOOOMVA transformer: New project of Zhuji 500kV substation, 1 x 750MVA transformer New project of Yongxi 500kV substation.1 x 750MVA transformer; New project of Xiaoshan 500kV substation, I x 750M VA transformer; 2.2 Investment Situation of the Proposed Project The investment situation of the project is shown in Table 2-1. Table 2-1 Investment of the Proposed Project Static total investment Forein investment Finish tume Item 10 yuan(RM%B) 101(USs) Po\er transmission 500kV 48250 400 2004 Nin2bo-VWenzhou ns 500kV 32900 280 2003 Tonba;Zhur I 500kV Wenzhou 12500 500 2004 substation expansion 500kV Ninbo 12500 500 2005 substation expansion Sub:aions Nw500kV Zhuji 36750 1380 2003 Nex 500kV Xlaoshan 36750 1380 2005 substation New 500kV Yonaxi 39850 1380 2004 substation Totai 219500 5820 2.3 Option Analysis 2.3.1 Main Principles of Power Transmission Line Routes and Substation Sites Selection 19 2.3.1.1 Tansmission Line (1) Decrease the winding coefficient of power transmission line as much as possible to minimize their route length. (2) Avoid planning zones along the line as much as possible and occupy farmland as less as possible. (3) Avoid heavy icing areas, harmful geological areas. primeval forest areas, and other areas that will affect seriously the safe operation of power transmission line as much as possible. The interactive effects with nearby facilities such as power plants, airports, and weak electric lines are also considered. (4) The convenience of construction and operation of the line is considered as much as possible. The convenience of connection with lines in Grid Plan is also considered to ensure the project economical and rational. For instance, as to Ningbo-Wenzhou 500kV transmission line, the connection position of the line with Linhai 500 kV Substation in Grid Plan should be considered as well as the route direction of the doub-e sincle-circuit in future. As to Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV transmission line. the connection T 3ition of the lines with Sheng County 500 kV Substation in Grid Plan is considered comD, lensivelv. 2.3.1.2 Substation (1) The substation site is near the load center as much as possible. (2) The width of outlet corridor for substation is as large as possible. (3) Occupy farmland and remove residential houses as less as possible. (4) Avoid impact on the geologic structure for the safe operation of substations. 2.3.2 Ningbo-Wenzhou 500kV Tranmission Line 2.3.2.1 The necessaritv of This Proposed Project According to the nearest load forecast, the max. load in Southwestern Zhejian2 Province in 2005 will be above 5700 MW, but the local power supply is only about 5200 MW. The power shortage problem comes up under the normal condition of local power supply. Based on planning. there is only one 500 kV double-circuit transmission line from Lantina to Jin2hua (transmission capacity: 3900 MW) acting as the power transmission channel from Northeast to Southwest in Zhejiang province. Generally. 500 kV Lanting-Jinghua double- circuin transmission line is almost reaching its full load. Once one sinle circul* is checked or has some trouble. the other will be overload. and it will result in the breakin2 down of the electric rid system of Southwestern Zhejiang Province. Thus the safe operation of 20 electric zrid of Southwestem even the whole Zhejianc Province is under danger. In oder to ensure the safe and reuiable operation of electric prid of Southwestern Zhejiang Province. it is ver necessary to construct NinLbo-Wenzhou 500kV transmission line. 2.3.2.2 Option Analysis of Routes Based on the location of the Ninzbo and Wenzhou substations. the line route is first drew out by straight line(western option); another line route is selected in consideration of the factors such as topology. landscape.climate and traffic and so on in the areas passed by (eastern option): the third opton is figured out by considering the key points thought in the previous two options (middle option).(The geograghic locations of these options are shown in Fig. 2-1.) The line route in middle option: The power transmission line outgoes from Ninzbo 500kV Substation, then goes from north to south by west, and finally ends at Wenzhou 500 kV Substation. The line passes by the western side of Jin County Henzxi Town along Yin County--Ningbo Road in the main, then passes Fenghua County and the western side of Ninahai County Xidian Town. After flying over 220kV Ninafeng Power Transmission Line and 110 kV Xianafen Power Transmission Line, the line passes the western side of Ninghai 220 kV Substation, then goes alona Ninahai--Sanmen--Linhai Road. flies over 220kV Dongtai Power Transmission Line. reaches the eastern side of Linhai City, strides cross the Linjiana River near the western side of Linhai City, flies over 220KV Qianlinjin Power Transmission Line and 220kV Taiyongjin Power Transmission Line. then turns left to fly over Linhai--Henjiaao Road, reaches \Wangjiashan, then tums right to enter Huangyan Distrist and goes into Yongjia County alona Wentan--Maanshan Road. then passes by the western side of Lintou--Tangwan Road, flies over Tangwan--Xiashena Road and 220k% Wenli Power Transmission Line, strides cross Oujiang River near Meiao at the western side of Oujiang Bridge. finally enter 500kV Wenzhou Substation by the western side of Quxi Town. paralleling to 500kV Jinwen Power Transmission Line. The whole line is 275 km.lonL. The line route in western option: Its route is almost same as middle option and the main difference is that the lines of Xidian Tow\n~Xijiao and Jinglia -Gangtou in western option are straighter.in general speaking. this line outgoes from Ningbo substation, then goes fron north to south, and end in Wnezhou substation basically along the straight line direction. The whole lenath is 268 km. The line route in eastern option: The main difference is that the lines of LinEhai-Wenzhou in eastern option goes parrallv with existed 220 kV Lincwen trnsmission line. through Yandan2 Mountain area and along the direction of 220kV Wenli transmission line. and ends in Wenzhou substation after crossing Qujiang river in Meiao. The whole length is 330 km. 21  o' I L k s Xaoshoro C)) nL × 5 rv o, u ,z Dito1c n -ý i z Shaoxinc Ct r Spo5s . Sos vciy Northern1 -~n Bptior r sei-ern Z i 50DR<V Sub tti I -n B ou el- er o Dot on~on Poe ( Suh n CotignQ onXogS Jnhuo C yr %'C n Powe Eastern SC, li Lish V/es~~r~ i -~ js Prefecture~ -.Zou- S Rciway \ ' Bounacry Betveer r 2 ~- Power Trans~ission LinE lhe ODtlon S<retc oy SubstctOn Dr T /L Routes of the Pr-oJec Power Stetionisn (9 0 Cty or Jo ecnho 5DDcv Su stttiop bone ~OO  Because the eastern option will go through Yandang Mountain National Secenic Area. the construction will do some damage to its natural secene and ecologic environment. The line length of the eastern option is longer than that of the others, because the line mainly goes through mountains and forest, the longer the line is, the more access roads both for construction and operation will be built , the more cultivated land will be occupied, the more trees will be felled and the more excavation will be required. Thus water and soil loss will be worse and there will be heavier impact on natural scene. plants, animals and ecologic environment and lead to bad environmental result. So the eastern option isn't selected. Only the western option and middle option are compared as following( Table2-2). Table 2-2 Ningbo-Wenzhou 500kV Transmission Line Route Option Analysis No. Item NWestern option Middle option 1 Length of Line(km) 268 .275 flat land 1% 10% 2 Topograghical hills 16% 23% condition(%) mountains 33% 47% 1high moutains 43%.the highest ASL: 20%,the highest I 000m ASL:700m 3 Geological features flat land:ciaver.muddy flat land:clayer.muddy claver:hillv:ash- claver;hilly:ash- rock.sand-rock rock.sand-rock cultivated land 6% 7% 4 Ground Surface forest land 8% 10% Situation uncultivated land 10% 13% others 74% 70% iresivor 6 7 river 100 105 5 Crossing times railway main road 30 35 main power line 10(110kV).5(220kV) 10(110kV).5(220kV) main communication 20 20 line 6 Taffic condition bad good 7 Occupied land by 11.8 12.1 tower base(ha) power line (380V-10kV)10km (380V- I 0kV)1 0km 8 Rerovement communication line 7km 7km house about 6700m2 8625m conductor(t/km) 27.17 27.17 tower material(t/km) 67 63 9 Technologic index steel material(t/km) 7 6.5 ground wire 1.42 1.42 insulator 270 270 cement(t/km) 35 33 10 Economic index basic investment 37520 37125 (1000 yuan) complicated 66464 66000 investment 23 It can be seen from Table2-2 that both of the two options will basicaliv pass through mountain area and so there are both little impact on environment of the planning zones along the transmission line. But the relative ASL of the Western option is much higher than that of the middle option, and the highest ASL of the Western option in M-4. kuochang is 1000m while that of the middle option is only 700m. Because the transmission line of the Western option will pass through the section of Mt. kuochang area with higher ASL in which it is more likely to be heavy icing during icing season, it is less reliable for western option and the design has to be considered according to the requirements of heavy icing area. so the basic cost of this section will increase highly(about 280000 vuan/km). In addition. the hign mountain area passing by western option is 43% of the whole line length(20% more than middle option) and the traffic of this area is quite inconvenient, thus more passageways for maintenance will be newly built and more excavation will be done and more trees will be felled. So there are more negative impact on local environment. Therefore, based on system stability and environmental protection , the middle option is recommended. 2.3.3 Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV Transmission Line 2.3.3.1 The Necessarity of This Proposed Project Tongba, pumped-storage power station is the associated project with the second/third project of Qingshan nuclear power station, so the power outgoing or incoming of Tongbai project has direct relations with its economic operation even for the whole system. It has been promoted in "The Incoming System Design Report of Tongbai Pumped-Storage Power Station" that the eletric power should be transmitted by double-circuit 500kV transmission line. Because of the limit of the distance between 500kV out2oinz lines from Lanting substation and the proper location of Zhuji 500kV substation site which is nearby the load center and Qingshan nuclear power station. just according with Zhejiang electric grid planning, it is very necessary to construct Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV double-circuit transmission line. 2.3.3.2 Option Analysis of Routes Based on the location of the Tongbai and Zhuji substations, the line route is first drew out by straight line(southern option): another line route is selected in consideration of the eletric power system planning (northern option); the third alternative is figured out by considering the key points thought in the previous two alternatives(middle option). The line route in northern option: The Tongbai--Zhuji 500kV power transmission lines outgo in the direction of northwest from Tongbai Pumped-Storage Power Station. reach Ruanmiao along Tiantai-Baihedian--Xinchang--Shengzhou Road in the main, then turn to the east, pass by the southern side of former Sheng County 220kV Substatin. fly over Shengzhou--Changle Road and 220kV Shengpai Power Transmission Line, then enter mountain areas and go parallelly with the north side of 220kV Shengpai Power Transmission Line, finally end at 500kV Zhuji Substation. The lines are double single- 24 circuits, and the length of each single circuit is 111 km. The line route in southern option: The lines outgo from Tongbai substation and go pararelly with the existed Dongtai transmission line to Changle Town. then turn right to go through Kaikou Yanjian mountain area and end in Zhuji 500kV substation. Each circuit has 97km of length. The line route in middle option: The lines outgo from Tongbai substation and go through the north side of Xinchang County, Xinshichang, then enter Shengzhou City, pass through the north side of Changle Town and go into mountain areas, finally end in Zhuji 500kV substation. Each circuit has 105km of length. When to select the line route, the length should be as short as possible. on the other haid, the requirement of system planning should also be cared.That is to say, it should be benefit for the future access to Shengzhou 500kV substation. At the same time, the route selection shouldn't have heavy impact on local social and ecologic environment. The length of line through populated area will be longer in middle option, and the line direction will be limited by the planning and residential area passed through, and there will be more line angles to turn, so investment will increase and the safe operation of transmission line will also be effected. If the populated area is not avoided but adoppting straight line method. the removement of houses and resettlemen of residents will increase sharply, therefore more impact will be exerted on social culture life for local residents.It is very harmful to keep the stablitv of local social environment. Though middle option has shorter line length than northern option, its access line to the future Shengzhou substation will be of 28 km which is much longer than that of northern option(2km). Middle option has 7km longer than southern option each circuit and 14km longer for two circiuts, but its access line to the future Shengzhou substation will be only 10 km longer than that in southern option(28km).So middle option not only cann't minimize the impact on local environment, but also cann't make the line length shorest or meet the requirement of the system planning. So middle option isn't selected. Only northern option and southern option are compared as following:( Table 2-3). 25 Table!-3 Tongba-Zhuji 500kV Transmission Line Route Option Analysis No. Item Northern option Southern option 1 Length of Line(km) 2x 111 2x 97 flat land 18% 10% 2 Topograghical hills 0 9% condition(%) mountains 6 % 61% high moutains 15%.the highest ASL: 20%.the highest ASL: 700m 9c"00m 3 Geo' cical features flat land:claver.mudd- flat land:claver.mudd% claver:hill-:ash- claver:hilv:ash- rock.sand-rock rock.sand-rock cultivated land 18% 3%/ 4 Ground Surface forest land 40% 40% Situation iuncultivated land 15% 18% others 42% 39% Iresivor 2 x 1 2 x 1 jriver 2x 7 2 x 7 5 Crossine times railway 0 0 main road 2 x 4 2 x 9 main power line 2 x 3 (11 OkV).2 x 1 2 x 1(110kV) 1 (220kV) Imain communication! 2 x 10 2 x 10 line 6 Taffic condition good bad JOccupied land b% 9.7 8.3 tower base(ha 17pover line (3S0V-10k%')5km (380V-10kV)5km 8 Removement communication line 5km 5km house 1150rn2 about 7800m: conductor(tlkm) 16 16.4 tower material(tfkm) 35 3 9 Technologic index steel material(t'km) 4.0 4.0 2round wire 1.42 1.42 insulator 270 270 icement(t'km) 22 22 10 Economic index basic investment 2 x 11211 2 x 10476 x 2 (1000 vuan) complicated 2 x 20313 2 x 18430 investment It can be seen from Table2-3 that both of the two options will basically pass through mountain area. But the relative ASL of the southern option is much higher than that of the northern option. and the highest ASL of the southern option in Shibi section(Dongyang 26 City) of Kaikou Yanjian-ZhuJi is 900m. belonging to heavy-icing area in which it is more likely to be heavy icing durinc icing season. so it is less reliable for southern option and the desian has to be considered according to the requirements of heavy icing area. The basic cost of this section will increase highly. In addition, the line in hign mountain area passing by southern option is longer than northern option and the traffic of this area is quite inconvenient. thus more passageways for maintenance will be newly built. more excavation will be done. more trees will be felled and more ve2etation will be damaged. So this will be not beneficial to prevent water and soil loss and protect local ecologic environment. From the technologic aspect, the access line to Shengzhou substation in southern option is above 38 km and that in northern option is only 2 km. Therefore. based on technologic. economic and environmental factors, the northern option is recommended. 2.3.4 Zhuji500kV Substation 2.3.4.1 The Necessrity of The Proposed Project According to the plan forecast. the max. load in Zhuji City and nearby Yiwu City and Dongvang County in 2005 will be about 600MW. Because Shaoxin 500kV Lanting substation has been expanded several times and can not be expanded again and the construction for the second channel of 500kV transmission line passing over Qiantang River must enter Lanting substation. in addotion. the 500kV outgoing transmission line of tongbai substation is also located in a 500kV substation. it is very necessary to construct Zhuji 500kV substation in order to ensure local power supply. construction of the crossing- river channel and the outletting of Tongbai pumped-storage power station. 2.3.4.2 Comparison of Site Option During the period of fesiblit% research. comparison of site alternative has been done. After under considerance of the technologic condition and index. impact on environment due to the project and based on the views discussed. Fengvilou site is better than the other two in the respects such as location. environmental impact. outgoing/incoming line and geologic condition and so on. So it is recommended. Comparison of site alternative is shown in table2-4. 27 Table 2-4 Comparison of Zhuji 500kX Substation Site Options No Item Fenc= iou site wanclaciun site Laohui_- site I Location FencN tiou %illage. V anciiaiin Bao \ illaze. Paiiou Town- Laohulia. Paito Town. Zhuji Town. Zhuii Cir, Zhuii CuI Ci t- 2 Topogragh% Hill land. wide. natural site HiliN land. wide. natural site Moutain land w itn L shane. elevation at 13-21.4 m elevation a: 17-28.2 m wide. natural site elevation at 15-32 m 3 Geologx 0-1.7m. silt er 0-2.rn silt, cla%er 0-5.0m: siltn clayer >= 1 7m muddy sand-rock >=2.5m muddN and-rock >=5.0rn: muddN sand-rock embedded with sand-rock 4 Ground surface Tea trees and little paddy field. Maini tea trees and some Tea hill is north to Le padd, feasure 6-7 families There is a adobe firs. There are 8 families and field located in io\ piacesome factor, west to the site jone tea factor. fruit trees and vegetable field.Trees are south to the padd% field. 5 Hater suppix Underground water as water Underground water as water Underground water as water and discharge source.1%ater discharged into source.water discharged into source.water dischareed into nearb\ rivers directi nearb% rivers direct!% nearb\ rivers directi% 6 Flood protecton Site elevanon at 1 77m. higher 1 Site elevanon at I 9rn. hiaher Site elevation at 22.5m. higher &drainace than the 1-in-100-vear flood than the -in-100-year flood than the I-in-100-year flood water le%el of 14.5m water leNeI of 147m water level of 14.5m 7 OutgoinE & 500kV outgoing lines in 500kV out2oing lines in 1500kV outgoing lines in incoming line southeastern and northwestern southeastern and northwestern southeastern and northwestern arrangement directions. 220kV outzoin directions. 220kv outioin= directions. 220kV outoinE lines in southwestern lines in southwestern lines in southwestern direction.The site is spatial to directionThe site is spatial to direction.The site is spatial to accommodate these lines. accommodate these lines. accommodate these lines. S Traffic Located south to tne Located east to the Located south to the M anjiaiin-JiLiing count,. HVancliaiin-Paitou Town Wangjiajin-Jieting countr- road. eas access Count. road. eas% access road. eas, access 9 .ccess to road Access to \an2ilajin-ietinc Access to H anc;iajmn- Paitou Access to W\an2ifajin- JieIn2 coutr road of which 2 km count% road: 500m. cout-v road of which 17 km nLeded repairing. r500m. one newl l built brid2e with needed repairing: 200m. I scanning distance of 20m 10 Urban piannin 15 km axaz from 1.4 km of stratoht distance 2.5 km anax from %NWanialmttile im a:: aw%a from Paitou Town.little Wanciian.littie impact I I Construction H ater and power for \ aier and power for H% ater and power for condition construcuon can be suppied construction can be supplied construction can be supplied locaP% localix locall, 12 Sit size & 9.3 ha in size. soil 9.3 ha in size. soil 9.0 ha in size. rock encineerine excavation:600uam3. rock exca ation: 120000m3 excavation.:460000 m3 olume excavation.: 10000 m, including 250000 m3 transmitted out 13 nm ironmental No historic relics and air- No historic relics and air- No historic relics and air- condition polluted source found so fa polluted source found so far. polluted source found so far. 1cood entronmental oulit good environmental quhr\. good environmental quit\. Far awva% from villages. noise Nearby a Nillage and a tea Far awax from viliages. much of construction and operation factors.noise of construcion excavation brins the 14 Environmental has no impact on villagers land operation has heavx processing problem.heav impact imract on viliagers trees-fellinc V aste water discharged after meeting the standard requirement has little impact on water mqt> of the accomodated water bod% 15 OPeranon 0peration management and Operation management and Operation management and manacement & i% ing condition for stuffs are liing condition for stuffs are living condition for stuffs are hiin2 condition both convinenet both convinene, both convinenet 28 2.3.5 Xiaoshan 500kV Substation 2.3.5.1 The necessrity of The Proposed Project Seperated by Qiantang river. power supply for Xiaoshan mainly depends on nearby Lanting 500kV substation. Xiaoshan power plant and the Jiangbei partly. According to the forecast. the max. load in Xiaoshan City in 2005 will be about 11 00MV. At that time. Lanting 500kV substation can not meet the load requirment of Xiaoshan City because of the increasing of load in Shaoxing area.In addotion. the Xiaoshan power plant has only capacity of 250MW, power shortage for Xiaoshan City can not be resov1ed if only by the 200kV double-circuit transmission line in Jiangbei. It is very necessary to construct Xiaoshan 500kV substation in order to ensure local power supply. 2.3.5.2 Comparison of Site Option During the period of fesiblity research. comparison of site alternative and invigation on site have been done by technology staff organized by constrctor. Thus Hongken site. Hongshan site. ZhujiaTan site and Daijiaqiao site have been selected as site alternatives.After under considerance of the technolozic economy. Zhujiatan site is better than the other three in the respects such as low investment. economic and environmental efficience. And this site with good cut2oing/incoming conditon is located near load center, also needs less excavation, have little impact on environment, with convinent transportation and good livinz condition for staff, so Zhujiatan site is recommended. Comparison of site alternatives is shown in table2-5. 29 슨·， 3O i I 10 Urban planning Urban planning No impact Far away from the Fa. av-a% from the department or Xiaoshan plannine area of planning area of Citv disacree this Maoshar. Cir,.lirtl. Xiaoshan Cin.hrfle construction because of impact. impact, the impact. I I Construction Water and po%%er for iWater and powe. for Water and power for Waier and power for condition construction can be construction can be construction can be construction can be surmlied locall.% supplied localIN sunnhed locall% supplied )ocall%_ I Site size & S. 15 ha 8.6 ha 8 4 ha 8.2 ha engineering volume 13 Environmental No historic relics and air- No historic relics and air- No historic relics and air- No historic relics and condition polluted source found so polluted source found so polluted source found so air-polluted source far: the Chen2bei cement far: the Chen2bei cement far. good environmental found so fa- Lood facton- northeast to the factory west to the site quhr environmental qufitY site 2km awa,_air- I km away and Jinshou polluted. cement factor-,, southeast to the site I km awa,_air- 1polluted 1, Environmental Near the cement Near the cement Noise of construction and Noise o" construction impact factoryand residential facton and residential operation has some and operation has some areas. noise of areas. noise of impact on residents. impact on residents, construction and construction and operation has heav,, operation has he3vy imT)act on residents limpaci on residents. Waste %vaie7 discharzed after meeting the standard requirement has little impact on water quliz\ of the accomodated %vater bod% 2.3.6 Wenzhou 500kV Substation Accordin2 to the forecast. the max. load in %Venzhou area in 2005 will be 2260NINK At that time. the whole Wenzhou area has only capacity of 1250MW and the other 1250MW power supply %vill depend on outside supply. Because the nearby Taizhou area can only suppon itself and 5OOkV Wenzhou substation has just a main transformer with capacitN' of 750NIVA. Nvhich can not meet the load requirment of this area. it is ven, necessan, to e%pand Wenzhou 5OOk-V substation. This expansion %vill be constructed on the base of the preserved site. Based on the or-i2inal site. the extension project can not only meet the increasing power supply requirement. but also use the orlginal foudational devices. Thus less land will be occupied and less money will be spent. It is beneficial in the aspects of both environmental protection and ecnomic consideration. 2.3.7 Ningbo 5OOkV Substation 31 According to the forecast, the max. load in Ningbo area in 2005 will be about 2600MW and the local capacity is 1350MW. When the backup supply considered. local power suppl\ should be 1020MW and 1600MW should be supplied by 500kV Electric Grid. At that time. the whole area has 500kV substating capacity of 2000MVA and the supply capacity of 1700MW. which will almost reach the full load . Once one main transformer is maintained or in trouble. the power supply for Ningbo area will be limited or cut off. In order to ensure the power requirement for local agricultural and industrial production and residential living. it is very necessary to expand Ningbo 500kV substation. This second expansion project will De done on the base of the preserved site by Zhejiang Provincial Electric Power Company Ninabo 500kV substation has the power capacity for extension. Based on the original site. the extension project can not only meet the increasing power supply requirement, but also use the original foudational devices. Thus less land will be occupied and less money will be spent. It is beneficial in the aspects of both environmental protection and ecnomic consideration. 2.3.8 Yongxi 500kV Substation 2.3.8.1 The necessrity of The Proposed Project According to the forecast. the max. load in whole Ningbo area in 2005 will be about 2600 MW and the local capacity is 1350MW. When the backup supply considered. local power supply should be 1020MW and 1600MW should be supplied by 500kV Electric Grid. But the whole area has only one 500kV'20kV communicatinz transformer in Beilun Power Plant and Nin2bo 500kV substation with the whole capacity of 1250MVA. which can not meet the local power requirement. In order to ensure the local power requirement and improve the reliablity of Ningbo City power supply. it is very necessary to expand Ningbo 500kV substation and construct new Yonzxi 500kV substation in Yuvao City. 2.3.8.2 Comparison of Site Option During the period of fesiblity research. comparison of site alternative has been done. After under considerance of the technolo2ic condition and index, impact on environment due to the project and based on the views discussed. Zhongjiamengtou site is better than the other two in comprehensive respects. So it is recommended. Comparison of site alternative is shown in tabie2-6. Table 2-6 Comparison of Yongxi 500kV Substation Site Options No Item Longmengxi site Zhong iamengtou site Tongaao site ILocation Condition good good just so so 2 Outgoing & incoming just so so good better line arran2ement 3 Traffic better better good 4 Flood protecton just so so good just so so &drainage 5 Land occupation much less little 6 Geological Structure better complicated good 7 Water supply and good good good discharge 8 Impact on radio no impact no impact no impact station, history relics and mineral sources 9 Environmental little less little impact 2.4 Description of Power Transmission Lines Project The geographic location of the proposed project is shown in Fig. 2-2. 2.4.1 Description of Ningbo--Wenzhou 500kV Power Transmission Line Project 2.4.1.1 Length of Power Transmission Line The whole line length is 275 km and the winding coefficient is 1.086. The power transmission line passes 8 counties. cities and districts. namely. Jin County. Fenghua City. Ninghai Countv. Sanmen County. Linhai City. Huanzvan District. Yongjia County. and Ouhai District. respectively. The length of the line in each area is shown in Table 2-7. Table 2-7 Length of 500kN Ningbo-Wenzhou Power Transmission Line in the Passed Area Name Jin Fenghua Ninghai Sanmen Linhai Huangvanl Yongjia Ouhai Countr City Count. County Cir, Distrist Counrv Distrisi Lenathkm) 10 26.5 55 14 50 32 60.5 27 33  メ‘ レ1 ！と 一  2.4.1.2 Main Objects Crossed-over by Ningbo--Wenzhou 500kV Power Transmission Line Table 2-8 Main Objects Crossed-over by Ningbo--Wcnzhou 500kN Power Transmission Line Item Reservoir River Railway, Main road Mamn electric Line Main teiecommunication line 35kVN7 11I0kVJ 220kV\ Times -7 105 0 35 125 1 10 5 20 2.4.1.3 Resettlement Residential houses with an area ol 8625 m will be removed for the construction of Ningbo- -Wenzhou 500kV Power Transmission Lines. of which 563 m is from Yin County. 855 m is from Fenghua City, 800 m is from Ninghai County. 840 m' is from Sanmeng City, 1490 m2 is from Linhal City, 1172 m is from Huangyan District, 1955 m2 is from YongJia County, and 950 m2 is from Ouhai District. Besides, 10km of other transmission power lines and 7km of telecommunication lines will also be removed for the construction of the line. 2.4.1.4 Conductors and ground wires proposed Table 2-9 Type of Conductors and Ground Wires Used by Ningbo-Wenzhou 500kV Transmission Line Item Diameter (mm) Type Use condition Conductor 34.32 LGJX-630 55 able to be covered by I 0mm thick Ground wire 1.71 LHBG1-95/55 able to be covered by 15mm thick 2.4.1.5 Transmission poles and towers A total of 12 types of transmission poles and towers will be used. A total of 633 towers will be erected, which will occupy a total land of 12.1 ha. Those types are shown in Table 2-10. 35 Table 2-10 Types of Transmission Towers of Ningbo-Wenzhou 500kV Transmission Line Type of toiNer Features and scope of use 1 Phase-splinin tolver(JHT) Small tower base. easilk located, less exca'ation' low cost, less impact to environment. Suitable for being used at large spacing between towers and in mountains ZV.ZMJ,.ZM,. JT,.JT,.JT, Suitable for being used at hill% ground Z,llb. ZM,.ZM, Small tower base, less excavation. Suitable for being used on mountains ZM. Large tower base. Suitable for being used at level ground where the towers are desiEned with special base requirements ZMS: All-oriented tall and short legs of tower, possible to reduce excavation and minimize impacts on environment. Suitable for being used on moutains. 2.4.1.6 Width of Power Transmission Line Corridor The width of Nin2bo--Wenzhou 500 kV Power Transmission Line Corridor is about 60m. 2.4.2 Description of Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV Power Transmission Lines Project 2.4.2.1 Route and Length of Power Transmission Lines The lines are double sin2le-circuits. and the length of each sinale-circuit is 111 km. The winding coefficient of the lines is 1.086. The power transmission lines passes 4 counties and cities, namely. Tiantai County. Xinchan2 County. Shengzhou City and Zhuji City. respectively. The length of the lines in each area is shown in Table 2-11. Table 2-11 Leneth of 500k Tongbai-Zhuji Power Transmission Lines in the Passed Area Name Tiantai County Xinchano Shengzhou City Zhuji City County LenLth(krn) 12.5x2 29x2 37.5x2 32x_ 2.4.2.2 Main Objects Crossed-over by the Power Transmission Lines Table 2-12 Main Objects Crossed-over by Tongbai-Zhuji 500k Power Transmission Lines Item Reseno:r River Railwa% Main road Main' electric line Main telecommunication 110kV 220kV line Times Ix2 7x2 0 4x2 8x2 3x2 >x2 10x2 Note: x2 represents double single-circuits. 36 2.4.2.3 Resettlement Residential houses with an area of 11509 m will be removed for the construction of Tonzbai--ZhuJi 500kV Power Transmission Lines. of which about 1584 mn is from Tiantal County. about 1875 m is from Xinhang County. about 567 m is from Shenzhou City, and about 2376 m is from Zhuji City. Besides. 5km of electric power lines and 5km of telecommunication lines will also be removed for the construction of the lines. 2.4.2.4 Conductors and ground wires proposed Table 2-13 Type of Conductors and Ground Wires Used by Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV Transmission Line Item Diameter (mm) Type Use condition Conductor 26.82 LGJX-400/55 able to be covered by 10mm thick Ground wire 1.71 LGJX-95/55 Able to be covered by 10mm thick 2.4.2.5 Transmission poles and towers A total of 15 types of transmission poles and towers will be used. A total of 255 towers will be erected for sinale-circuit transmission lines as well as a total of 510 towers for double-circuit lines, which will occupy a total land of 9.7 ha. Those tyres are shown in Table 2-14. Table 2-14 Types of Transmission Towers of Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV Transmission Line Type of tower Features and scope of use Phase-splitting tower(including ZF type. HFJ ty'pe Small tower base, easily located. less excavation, loN and JF type) cost. less impact to environment. Suitable for being used at large spacin2 between towers and in mountains Tubular steel doubie- circuit terminal tower(SDG) Simple and compact in structure, less consumption of steel material, easily coupling with substation. Suitable for being used at the places with small space for outeoine line of substation Cup-shape tangent tower (ZB) Suitable for being used at icing zone (20mm) and mountain tops ZV,. ZMJ.MJ,. 1T,. JT, Suitable for being used at hilly land ZM1l t. ZM. ZM1 Small tower base. less excavation. Suitable for bein2 used on mountains Zm'. ZM%3 Large tower base. Suitable for being used at level ground where the towers are designed with special base requirements 2.4.2.6 Width of Power Transmission Line Corridor 37 The corridor width of Tongbai--Zhuji 500 kV double-circuit Power Transmission Line is 120-210m. 2.4.3 Clearance of Conductors to Ground and Objects Crossed over The required clearance of conductors to ground and objects crossed over is shown in Table 2-15. Table 2-15 Clearance of Conductors To Ground and Objects Crossed Over Objects crossed over Mir. vertical clearance (m) Non-residential area Triangular arrangement 10.5 Horizontal arrangement I1 Residential area 14.0 Highwa% Standardized highwa% 14.0 Non-standardized highway 12.0 To the water level of I -in-5-vear 9.0 Navicable river flood To the top of mast (at max. 6.0 (13*) Navicable water level) Not navi2able river (To the water level of I -in-100- 6.5 year flood) Power lines To conductor and around wire 6.0 To the top of pole 8.5 Telecommunicanon line 8.5 Trees Vertical 7.0 Net clearance 7.0 Economic crops(natura! prowing heightl) .0 Fruit trees 7.5 Notes: (1) In the case that the line crosses over power lines or 1o% voltaae wires, besides the above requirement. calculation should be made to ensure a 3.2m distance between the bottom of the carriage for line repairing and the objects to be crossed over, assuming the temperature of -40'C. (2) The figure marked with * is the net clearance between the conductor and the max. navi2able \water level in the case that both the up- and downstream sides of the river are dammed. (3) For the accessible mountain slopes, the net clearance between the conductor and the mountain slopes should be 9m (at the max. line deflection by wind). It should be 10.5m at wind velocity V< 5 m/s. 2.4.4 Construction Machines and Main Construction Methods Durin2 500kV Power Transmission Lines construction. except trucks for highwa transportation being used. other heavy machines is scarcely needed. Generally, only concrete mixer is used for tower base construction. lifting poles are used for tower erection 38 and abrication. tensioner and pullers are used for wire stringing. The small amount of other material transportation at site will be mainly carried ou: by manpower. With above-mentioned measures. impacts on the natural environment caused by road construction can be mitigated to a great extent. On the other hand, for 500kV Power Transmission Lines construction . the span is generally 500m and materials needed for each tower are not much. It is understandable that to build new road in such areas with complicated topography only for small amount material transportation is not only uneconomical, but also unfavorable to ecolozical environmental protection. During high voltage transmission line construction, it is of incomparable advantage to adopt tension method in wire stringing. Internationally, tension method in wire stringing is commonly used. In the P.R.China, tension stringing method is also popularized during all 500kV power transmission line construction. The so-called tension-stringing is such a method to be used in wire-stringing, within the whole process in wire stringing, all the workmanship, (including: wirepaving, wire tightening, wire being hung on tower beam. and fitting installation. etc.), are carried out while the wires in a tense state. In the whole process of wire-tension-stringing, the key point is the wire-tensing-paving. Tension-paving by means of pullers and tensioners, wires are suspended in the mid-air. kept away from the earth's surface and from obstacles on the earth's surface. The guiding thread will be paved by manpower. The guiding thread is a kind of nylon rope with lightweight and strong strength. Only a very narrow passage will be enough for the paving of it. The natural environment will scarcely be impacted. The environment will quickly recover to its original state as wire strinin havin2 been finished. With tension method being practiced in wire stringing. there will be obviour advantages as following: . To refrain the wire surface from abrasion against the earth's surface, to keep the wire surface in its original flawless state. Therefore corona losses and radio interface will be minimized accordingly. To realize the high degree mechanization during power transmission line construction, to quicken its pace and to heighten its efficiency. . To Eain even better economical results as wire-tension-strinuing-method to be used for power transmission lines flying over complicated topographical areas, such as rivers. highways. railways. economical cropgrowing areas, mountainous areas. swamps and waterways-networks. etc. 39 . To minimize the crop-sprout-losses. 2.5 Description of Substations Table 2-16 Substations of the Proposed Project Wenzhou Yongnan Zhuji 500kV Yongxi 500kV Xiaoshan 500kV Item 500kV 500kv Substation Substation Substation Substation Substation Construction Extended Extended Newly Ne\\Il NewIN character Site Panqiao Town, Jia Village, Fengyilou Village- Zhongjiamengtou Chengjiao Village, Ouhai District, Jin County Wangjiajing Town, . Yuyao Town. Chengxiang town. \Wenzhou City Zhuji Citn Yuvao Cit\ Xiaoshan Cir Area (ha) 10.83 9.04 9.33 10 8.67 Capacir (MVA) Present: I x750 Present: I x750 Present. I x750 IX1000 Ix1000 Final: 3x750 Final: 3x750 IFinal: 3x750 220kV outgoing Original: 6 Present. 7 Present: 9 Present: 6 Circuits Extended: 8 Final: 16 Final' 10 Final: 16 IFinal: 14 500kV out2oine Orizinal: 1 Present: 4 Present: 4 Final: Present: 4 lines Circuits Extended: 7 Final: 8 Final: 10 8 Final: 6 Busduct type Soft busduct Soft busduct Soft busduct Soft busduct Soft busduct Staff 100 100 100 100 100 Daily water 9 9 9 9 9 consumption (t'd) Daily sewaee 9 9 9 9 9 dischar!e (td) Ve2etation 18 18 18 18 I8 coefficient (%) Domestic sewaae By septic tank treatment Oily wastewater By oil-watcr separating facilities treatment Aci & alkali By neutral pool wastewater Most of 5 500kV substations will be constructed on farmland. only some residential houses will be removed durina the construction of Nincbo,Yongxi and ZhuJi 500kV substations, includin2 120m2 from Ninabo. 1300 m from Zhuji and 1885 m from Yonaxi. 40 3.0 Environmental Conditions 3.1 Natural Conditions 3.1.1 Climate Zhejiang Province is a coastal province in the East China Region. which is west to East Sea. north to Fujian Province. east to Jianaxi Province and Anhui Province. south to Shanahai and Jiangsu Province, geographically between northern latitude 27003'-3 101 1 and east longitude 118002'-123008'. with a total area of 10.53x10 km. Typical subtropical monsoon climate prevails over the area, characterized by splendid sunshine, abundant rainfall, wet air, weather varied with locations and a diversified climate types. The yearly average temperature of the province varies from 15.30C in the north to 18.50C in the south. with the min. monthly average temperature (in January) at 2.70C-7.90C and the max. (in July) at 27.00C-29.50C. The perennial average rainfall is 1000-2000mm. and the perennial average relative humidity is 75-83%. Monsoon prevails over the province, so the wind direction changes with the seasons. Influenced by the latitudinal degree and the topography, big variations in climate can be found between north and south, east and west and at different levels above the sea level. The weather features of the project site are shown in Table 3-1. 41 Table 3-1 Weather Features of The Areas Covered by The Project A\ Max Mm Annual An\ Area Geographica I location H eather division term temp t-m prep: wind mi (m 0) H\ enzhou Ouha; District North longitude. 27 45 -28 10 Middle subtropical 179 38 1 -4.5 16]1 2.1 Cits JEast latitude 1200 19-121 rne monsoon zone iYon?jia North longiude. 2"'58'-28' 36 Middle subtropica! 18.2 40.5 4.2 1856 2 4 Count. East latitude 1200 19'-120' 59' monsoon zone I Taizhou Cit\ Huangyan North longitude. 28028'-28' 14' Middle subtropical 17.0 38.1 -6.8 1675.8 2.1 District East latitude: 120"47'-121040 monsoon zone Linghai Cit\ North longitude. 28'40'-29 04' Subtropical monsoon 17.1 39.6 -6.8 1549 6 Eas! latitude: 120049-12!041 zone Sanmeng North longitude. 29"12-29'6 Subtropical monsoon 16.6 38.7 -9.3 164i3 2.4 Count East latitude: 121'15-12103' zone Tiantai Count North longitude. 28"57-29"21' IMiddle subtropical 16.8 41.7 -9.1 1600. 1 2.3 East latitude 120041-1210 16' Imonsoon zone 1 Ningbo City Nighai INorth longitude 29"06-29"32 Middle longitude 16.2 39.7 -9.6 1416 2.6 County East latitude: 121"09-121049' subtropical transitive zone Fenghua CuN North longitude. 29"25-29 47 Middle subtropical 16.3 39 -11.1 1364.5 . East latitude 121"03-120'46' monsoon zone Ying Count% North longitude: 29"37'-29'57 North subtropical 16.2 39.2 -9. 555 2 7 East latitude 12108 121054 monsoon zone Yutao Cit1 North longitude: 29"39-30"21' North subtropical 16.2 39.5 -9.8 1348.2 24 SEast latitude 120052122 monsoon zone i Shaoxin Cit: Xinzhang North longitude. 29 11'-29"33 Subtropical monsoon, 16.65 40.9 -11.1 1313 4 2 8 Count% East latitude 120"47-121"30' zone Shenzhou North longitude: 29 20'-29 50' Subtropica! monsoon 1 4 40.7 -10 1 144- 2.6 Count> East latitude 12o 0 I07 zone Zhuji Cit% North longitude. 29'21'-29' 59' Middle and north 16.2 39.7 -13 4 134t 7 2.2 East latiude 119"53-12032 subtropical transiti,e (hill Nmountain land) monsoon zone lianzhou Xiaoshan Ci, North longitude 29 51'-3C"24' North subtropicl 16 1 38 S -1-0 136-3, 2 1 Cit lEast laiitudz 120004'-2"4- monsoon zone 3.1.2 Hydrology Major rivers in Zhejianc province are Qiantang River. Ou river. Ling river. Felvun river. Shaoxi river. Ao river, etc. in addition. Grand Canal. starting from Hangzhou. is 129 km within Zhe-iang province. Lakes of ZheJianc province mainly distribute in Hangzhou- Jiaxing lake plain and Ningbo-Shaoxing plain. Xi Lake in Hangzhou. Dong Lake in Shaoxinz. Nan Lake in Jiaxing and Dongqian Lake in Yin county are four famous lakes in Zhejiang province. The Ninbo Substation is on a flat ground with river and channels ziza2Led around. The nearby main river is the Qiantang river running in NW-SE direction. The Wenzhou Substation is on the east side of the upstream branch of the Wenzhou river network. the upstream branch at the substation is about 50m wide. The Zhubi Substation is on the east side 300m from the Hantang ri'.- r which is about 50m 4 2 wide. The Xiaoshani Substation is on the south side 100m from the XianLfenL river which is about 60m wide. The Yonaxi Substation is about 2km away from the Yu%ao river, which a small river is passing by. Ningbo-Wenzhou 500kV Transmission line will overcross large or small rivers 105 times. includina mainly Ou river and Ling river. Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV Transmission line will overcross large or small rivers 7 times, including mainly Chengtan river and huangshan river. 3.1.3 Geology and Geomorphology The geological structure in Zhejiang Province is rather complicated. The magatectonic shows that the area can be divided by the Shaoxing-Jiangshan deep fault into two structural units. i.e., Cathvsian fold zone in east area of Zhejiang and syneclise fold zone in the west area of Zhejiang. The northwest area of Zhejiang. having been receiving sediment since Proterozoic era, has various series of well developed strata in good continuity and big thickness. In the southeast part of Zhejiang province which has been influenced by the lava ejection of Yanshan movement, volcanic rocks of the secondary group are particularly developed. The main rock types in the area include detrital rocks, apollinaris rock, metamorphic rock, intrusive rock. volcanic rock, and basalt. The landscape of the province is generally higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast. In the province, various kinds of landscapes can be found, such as plains, mountainous basins, hills and uplands. The province is famous for such a saying that the territory in the province is covered by numerous mountains and little waters, leaving few land for cultivation. Mountains. totalin2 50000 km and accountinE for 70.4% of the land total of the province, are widely distributed in the province, but mainly scattered in the south and vest. The hills which have their top elevation below 500m and relative heizht less than 200m. are continuously extended. covering a total area of more than 3000km2 and mainly distributing in the west and northeast part of the province. The landscape features of the project covered areas are listed in Table 3-2. 43 Table 3-2 Landscape Features of Protect Areas Area Location Main Features Area Main (kr) r;vers I plain hil mountain other Whole l053-5.73 \Jan.% mountains and Edis. Qlantang 27.7 21 9 40 4.4 province more mountains in the south River and west. more hills in the west Ou River and and northeast. plains along the Hangzhou ba% Ouhat 907.66 Varied landscape, hills and Ou River 32.95 47.03 6.56 13.46 District low mountains in large area. Tang River Wenzhou spread with hills. downs, City farmland and river shoals Yon2 ia 2698.2 Higher in the north with Nanxi River 12.4 53.1 26.7 7.8 Count% typical hilly landscape and Ruxi River lower in the south with lowk Xixi River hill, wide valley and Wuniuxi alluviation plain. River Huangyan 1262 Higher in the west with Cheng 42.14 47.17 10.69 District mountain area and lower in the River south with coastal flat plain. Nan2uan flat river-valley plain of River Chengjian2 in the middle. . River don2!zuan River Linchai 2145.14 Low mountains and hills in Linc R;ver 32.28 58.191 9.53 City the southweat and Jiao River northves-.sagged basin in the middle, coastal plain in the east. Taizhou Sanmenz 1510 Joint area between low Qinaxi 30.01 51.14 18.85 City County mountain land in the east of River Zhejian2 basin and coastal Baixi River hilly plain. inclined from the Haiyouxi southwest to the northeast, River Tiantai mountain extending from the southwest to the east with descending height gradually, being plain along the sea. Tiantai 1420.7 Surrounded by mountains. flat Shifengxi 19.0 20.5 60.5 Conti hilly basin in the middle. River higher in the northeast. northwest and south\est. lower in the southeast. Ninhai 1879 Hi!her in the west and Baixi River 25.6 52.5 8.9 13 Count" lower in the east, mountain QinExi land and hilly area in the River west, varied areas of coastal allIviation plains in the east land middle. Fenhua 1345 Higher in the southwest and Dan River 27.9 5.5 9.4 7.2 City northwest, inclined to the Xian River northeast. Tiantai mountain Yincfen- extendina into the River Ninabo southwest. flat land in the Fenzhua City northeast zigzaized with River rivers. Ylng 1381.9b Higher in the west and east. Dahao 38.25 '114 29.96 10.65 County lower in the middle. Steep River Siming mountain in the Fenzhua west. Tiantai mountain River extending in the east with low height, flat plain in the middle zigzagged with rivers. Yuvao 1526.86 Hi2her in the south and Yao River 32.6 38.4 16.5 12.5 City lower in the north. Siming mountain with varied areas of basins and valleys in the south, Yaojiang ailuviation plain in the middle, Qiantangjiang and Hangzhou Bay alluviation plain in the north. Xinchan2 1200 Low mountain land in the Chengtan 6.58 62.25 31.17 Count east of Zhejiang basin, River hiaher in the southeast and XinchanR lower in the northwest. River river-valley plains and Huangze varied basins scattered in River the hill% land and mountain area. Shaoxin Shengzhou 1784.43 Low mountain land in the Chaoe River 227 3_2 45.1 Cir Cit) east of Zhejiang basin. inclined from the southwest to the northeast, Siming mountain in the east, Dapan mountain in the south, hilly land in the southeast and north. low and flat basins in Ithe middle. Zhuji Cit,, 2316.24 Low mountain land in the Puvang 33.43 48.7 17.87 east of Zhejiang basin, River surrounded by mountains. with undulant downs, Puyang River in the middle, inclined from the north to the east. open-channel sa2ced basin toward the Inorth. I Hangzhou Xiaoshar 1492.26 Higher in the south and Qiantang 65.761 31.59 2.65 Cit\ lower in the north, inclined River from the southwest to the Puvane northeast, sagged in the River middle, low mountain and Channels hilly area in the south, plain in the middle and north, some downs in the middle. 4 5 3.1.4 Soils There are many kinds of soils in the province, including lateritic soil. yellow soil. purple soil. rocky soil, soil with coarse grains. wet clay. coastal salt clay and paddy soil etc.. Amon which. the lateritic soil covers 39.97% of the total land of the province. mainly distributed in hilly areas; the yellow soil covers 10.6% distributing mainiv over the mountains and above elevation of 600-900m: the soil with coarse grains has similar property of lateritic soil and is a sub-type soil of lateritic and yellow soil, covering 14.2% of the land in the province and mainly distributing on the hillsides with steep slopes; the purple soil. rocky soil and wet clay are widely spread but small in size. being 8.98% of the total land; the paddy soil is widely found in the province, covering 21.9% of the total; and salt clay is only scattered in coastal area. Refer to Table 3-3. 46 T-ble 3-3 Distrilbtion of Soils in The Province tinits: 10,ha Soil WCn1hou liu1 nrgyan Linghai Sanmeng Tiantai NingIai Fenghua Yuyao Xinchang Shengzhou Zhji Ying County X0aoshan L,ateritic soil 45.12 5.66 14.76 7.31 8.32 9.14 7.74 4.90 7.41 9.66 12. 9 5.41 2.60 Yellov soil 12.28 1.45 0.68 0,05 1.76 1.61 0.24 4.13 0.58 1.65 1.28 0.79 0.06 Rocky soil 0.12 0.01 0.53 0.04 0.03 0.01 1.43 0.92 1.21 0.01 Wet clav 1.75 0.45 0.81 0.42 0.44 0.90 0.11 0.70 0.02 0.03 0.23 0.02 2,60 Salt clay 6.88 0.87 0.87 1.50 0.30 0.04 0.07 0.14 2.80 Vldy soil 22.09 4.19 4.1! 1.70 2.43 3.66 3.46 3.50 2.26 4.61 6.64 5.61 2.73 3.1.5 Environmental Situation of substation sites Environmental situation of substation sites is summarized in Table 3-4. Table 3-4 Environbmental Situation of Substation sites Item 500kV 500kVNinabo 500kv 500kv 500kV Yongxi Wenzhou Substation Zhuji Xiaoshan Substation Substation Substation Substation Panoiao Fenavilou Cheng:iac Zhonigpamengtou town in Jia village of village of village of of Yuyao town in Location Wenzhou Yin county Wanjiaiin town Chengxiang Yuvao cirt city in Zhuji city town in Xiaoshan cit% Earthquake VI VI Vi VI VI Intensity Marine Flat ground Hills Flat ground Hills Geomorph, sediment plain Near 1500m awa 500m of access 1.3km away 500m away from Wenzhou- eas! to passagrway to from No. 104 Yuyao-Ningbo Traffic Panqiao- Lishan-Lishui Wanjiajin- national first-grade Tongpu highwav Jietina countr. hiahwav hizhwav in north Transnortaiion highway road Chenao West to the 300m away 1.5km away 2km away from reservoir Tonafu from a small from Xiaoshao Yuvao river and Vicina \ Water Huijiang river river in the Cannel a near the B od west substation Hilislop in 00:m awa-\ 300m away Near Chengliao Surounded b\ west and from Jia from Fengvilou villa2e in the hills in three Surroundinz southwest villa2e in the villa2e in the east directions and east south houses in west of the substation No Removed Removed No Removed Wha: Removed Om120m2 houses 1300m' houses 1885m2 houses Environmental Better Better Better Better A buried dump Quali: in northwest T%ee of Land Farmland Farmland. Farmland. Farmland Farmland. residential residential residential houses houses houses 48 3.2 Ecological Conditions 3.2.1 Wet Land At present. the water quality of the inland rivers adjacent the substations is rather poor. resulting less aquatic organism in the water. In the Oujiang river system, there are black carp, grass carp. silver carp. variegated carp. catfish. tri an2ular bream and eel: in the Lingjiang River. there are 97 species of 83 genus of 33 families of 12 cataloaues. mainly:black carp, grass carp. catfish .silver carp. and eel. The fishes in reservoirs overcrossed by the transmission lines are mainly artificial ones. There is no lake and depressions alone the transmission line route. 3.2.2 Terrestrial Plants The natural conditions in the province is favorable for survival of ancient plant species and growth of plants pertaining to the transitional region between north and south. Vegetation is widely spread with numerous varieties. The regional vegetation mainly consists of evergreen broad-leaf forest. At present, most of the forests in the province are of natural secondary forest and artificial forest, except few residual natural primary forests standing in remote areas. Five vegetation groups have been found in the province, i.e., coniferous forest, coniferous and broad-leaved forest, broad-leaved forest. bamboo forest and shrub forest. The province is rich in plant resource. According to the records in Plants in Zhejiang. there are 3878 vascular species of 1367 genus of 231 families have been found in the province so far, including gymnosperm (60 species of 34 genus of 9 families), angiosperm (3319 species of 1217 genus of 173 families). The areas covered by the project, particularly for the transmission line, are mostly in mountains where the plant resources are rich. Details are shown in Table 3-5. Table 3-5 Type of Vegetation and Main Plants in The PY-)ject Areas Area Item Description Wenzhou Type of vegetation Ever-green broad-leaved fores:. conierous Iorest. economic forest. bamboo forest. shrubs Main species Cyclobanopsis mrtrsinaefolia(BIJ.Orest. Pinus mnassoniana Lamb.. Crypotomeria fortunei Hooibrenk. Nyssa sinensis oliver, Mahonia Linhafortunei(Lind1.)Fadde, Quercus fabri Hance Aifcaplanting species Rice. wheat. barle,,. soybean, rape. s% eet, potato, orange, tangerine Huangyan Type of vegetation Coniferous forest, ever-green broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved forest, bamboo forest. shrubs Main species Cylophta 700 species of 40 genus. includins 145 species of flowers Artificial planting speciesIRice. wheat. barley. rape. peanut Rare plant Ginkgo. Pseudolarix, Chinese tulip tree, broadleave official magnolia. Zheiiang nanrmu Linahai Type of vegetation Coniferous forest, ever-green broad-leaved forest. bamboo forest, shrubs Main species Masson pine, fir.Cinnamomun Camphora(L.)presl., Schima. Castanopsis eyrei(Champ&Benth.)Tutch (1 550 species) Artificial planting species Tea tree. rice, sweet potato. maize. soybean. pear. peach, persimmon Sanmenz Type of vegetation Coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest. economic forest, bamboo forest, shrubs Main species Masson pine, Quercus fabri Hance. Cinnamomun ICamphora(L.)presl.. Schima. Schima superba Gardn. etchamp Artificial planting species Tea tree. rice. sweet potato. maize. soybean. pear. peach.plurm Tianmai Type of vegetation Coniferous forest, ever-green broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved forest. bamboo forest. shrubs Main species Pine. fir, Schima, Castanopsis eyrei(Champ&Benth.)Tutch. Masson pine. Cypress. Cinnamomun Camphora(L.)presl. Artificial planting species Rice, wheat. barley, soybean, rape, tea tree, persimmon, Chinese chestnut Type of vegetation Coniferous forest. coniferous and broad-leaved forest. economic iforest. bamboo forest. shrubs Main species Wild plants of 1550 species of 187 genus, including Castanopsis Ieyrei(Champ&Benth.)Tutch. Masson pine, fir Artificial planting speciesi Rice. wheat. barle\. maize, rape. tea tree. mulberry. fruits Fenzhua 'Typ_ of vegetation Ever-green broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, economic forest, bamboo forest. shrubs Main species Masson pine, fir. cypress, Cinnamomun Camphora(L.)presl.. Schima superba Gardn. etchamp. Chimonobambusa marmorea. Ulmus parvifolis Artificia planting species Rice. maize. sweet potato. Actinidia chinensis Yin County 'Type of vegetation Coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest. coniferous and broad-leaved forest, bamboo forest, subtropic shrubs Main species Masson pine, Liguidambar raiwaniana. Quercus acutissima, Cryptomeria fortunei. pine, Daphniphyllum macropodum. castanea fargesii. machilus leptophlila Artificial planting species Rice. wheat, barley, rape, maize, sweet potato. orange. peach. plum, tea tree Yuvao Type of vegetation Pinus massoniana Lamb., fir forest, bamboo forest. ever-green broad- leaved forest, shrubs Main species JMetaseguoia glyptostroboides, Ginkgo biloba. Fokienia hodginsii. Liriodendron chinese. Masson pine. fir, Castanopsis sclerophyua, Cyclobalanopsis plauca Artificial planting specieslRice. wheat. barle,. rape. maize, peanut. sesame. orange. peach. plum 50 Xinchang Type of vegetation Coniferous forest. broad-leaved forest. coniferous and broad-leaved forest, bamboo forest. shrubs Main species Masson pine. Metaseguoia glyptostroboides. Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC.. Castanopsis sclerophylla (Lindl.) Schott.. Firmiana platanifolia(L.f.) Marsili. Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. Artificial plantin speciesiRice. rape. maize. sugar cane, orange. loquat. red baybem Shenazhou Type of vegetauon Coniferous forest. broad-leaved forest, bamboo forest. ecnomic forest. shrubs Main species Quercus fabri Hance, Castanopsis scierophylla (Lndl.) Schott,, Firmiana simplex (L.) W.F Wight, Hibisscus syriacus L., Crataegus cuneata Sieb et Zuca irtificial planting species Rice, rape. maize. cotton. peach, plum Zhuji Type of vegetation Coniferous forest, ever-green broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved forest. bamboo forest. shrubs Main species 887 species of482 genus of 143 families, including Ginkgo biloba L, Pinus massoniana Lamb, Metasequoia glyptostroboides hu et Cheng. Lithocarpus glaber (Thunb) Nakai Artificial planting species Rica. barley, maize. mulberr. sesame Xiaoshan Type of vegetation Shrubs. coniferous and broad-leaved forest. ecnomic forest Main species Pine. fir, Phyllostachys pubescens mazel ex H. de Lehaie., Quercus acutissima carr., Schima superb Gardn. etchamp., Metasequoia glptostroboides hu et Cheng, Ulums pumila L. Artificiai planting species Rice. barley. sweet potato. mulberry. tea tree. peach. plum 3.2.3 Terrestrial Animals The favorable vegetation and complicated ecological surroundings provide good surviving conditions for wildlife. According to the records of Animals in Zhejiang. there are wild animals 99 species, birds 414 species. reptiles 82 species, and amphibians 43 species, among which many are the Grade I and II protected animals of the government. The four substation sites are all located in the areas busy with human activities, wildlife is seldom found in the areas. The mountain areas where the line route passes are rich in wildlife resource. however, large carnivorous animals are seldom found. The livestock by artificial raising are pig. cow, sheep, chicken, duck and 2eese. Based on the documental information and investigation on sites, the local animals will not migrate extensively due to this proposed project. The local animals refer to Table 3-6. Table 3-6 Wildlife and Artificially raised Animal in The Project Areas Area Catepor I Species H enzhou Mammal Susscrofa. Elaphodus cephak:skus. Hydroppoics inermis. Viverra zibetha Macaca mulana Bird Passer montanus. Astus Palumbarius. Pica pica sericia. Phasianus torquatus. Cuculus canoruscanorus. Lophura n nycthemer. P\cnonotus sinensis \rtiicial raised animal Pip. sheep. rabbit. chicken. duck. goose. and bee Huanvan Mammal Puma- Canis lupus. Cuon javasnicus.Capra sp.. Susscrofa Iuntiacus reeves. Mustcia sibirica. Sciurus vulgaris Bird Cuculus microperus micropterus. Hirundo rust1cZ gu1uralis. Dendrocops major L.. Acridotheres cristellus. Garrulax Canorus. Cuculus canoruscanorus Anilcial raised animal Pa. cov.. rabbit. duck. 2oose 51 inghai Mammal Lepus capensis L., Susscrofa Canis lupus. Sciurus vulcaris. Hvstrix hodgsoni. \ulpes vulpes Bird Corvus macrorhynchus. Pvcnonotus sinensis sinensis. D-ndrocops maWor L.. Mivus korschun lincatus. Alauda arvensis. Passe, nontanus Aruicial raised animal Pig. co sneep. chicken. duck. goose sanmeni Mammal Panthera Pardus. Cuon Javasnicus. Canis lupus. Susscroiu. ILces anakuma M untiacus reeý es: Bird 1Mivus korschun iinaus. P\vcnonotus sinensis sinens,s. Acridotheres cnstelius. Dendroco,,s major L., Rallus aquaticus Asrticial raised ammal Piz. cox,. duck. goose. horse. donhe% Tiantai Mammal 4? species of 19 genus of 7 orders. includin Nanis pentadac:t la. Lu:ra lutra Macaca mulatta BIZd l74 species of 40 genus of 16 orders. includng Egarzetta. Cuculus Imicropterus micropterus . Rallus aauaticus. Ariifi-iai raised ammal Pip. cow. sheep. horse. donkeN. chicken. duck. goose Ninghai Mammal 38 species of 18 genus. including Mogera latouchei. Lepus siensis. Nyctereutes procyonoides. Cuno javasnicus Bird 52 species of 29 genus. including Phalacrocora. carbo sinensis. Phasianus colchicus torquatus. Cuculus canorus canorus. Alauda arnensis intermedia lArtificial raised anima! Pig. cow. sheep. horse. chicken. duck. goose ien:hua Mamma] Erinaceus europaeus. Lepus smensis. Tamiops swinhoei. Canis lupus. Vulpes vurfles. Neofelis nebulosa. Sus scrofa Bird Phalacrocorax carbe. Milvtis korschun lineatus. Bambusicola thoraceiza thoracica. Cucalus canorns fallax. Acridotheres cristatellus. Passer rutilans Anificial raised animal Pig. cow, rabbit. chicken. goose Yn Count. Mammal 28 species of 4 genus. nciuding Hydropotesi nermis. Cans lupus. Felis bengalensis. Sus scrofa. Sciurus vulgaris Bird 48 species of 34 genus. including Phalacrocora.\ carbo. Gallicrex cirirea cinerea. Alcedo atthis. Parus major iAriiia! raised animal IPig. cow%. rabbii. chicken. duck. goose Yuý ao Mamma] Lepus sinensis. Nlusteia sibirica. hydropotes inermis. Vulpes vulpes. Paguma arvatai. Muntiacus ree\ es. Lutra lutra Bird Aix ealericulata. Milvus korschun lineatus, Hirundo rustica 2utturalis. N.albaleucopsis. Garrulax canorus. Passer montanus saturatus. Pnasianus coichicus torqatus raiscd-anim.-1 hai. eauý. rabbit. chicken. duck. goose Xichani 1amma Errd a cus europaus. lanis pentadat la. Lepus sinensis. Ranus losea. Nustela Bird Egreta garzetta. Nierohierax meianoleucos. Bamousicola thoracica. Scolopax rusucola. Streptopelia orintalis. Pica pica Artificial raised animal Pip. co. rabbi:. chicken. duck. poose Snengzhou Mamma! Canis lupus L.. Sns seovofa L.. Erinaceus eurcpaens Linnacus. Hrdropotes inermis Swinhac. Meles meles L. Felis catus. LeDus canensis L Bird Miffi us Korschun Gmelin. Pica pica serica. Corrus macrorhynchus Wagien. Dendropcopos major L.. Cucalus mieropterus Goulrd. Parus major major. Anse ulbifrons albifrons Artficial raised anima! Pig. cou\. horse. donkeY. chicken. duck. goose Zhui Mamma! Erinaccus europaLus. Crocidura anenuata. Tarniops ssuinhoci. 1\strix hodgsoni Canis lupus. Vulpes vulpes. Ny ciereutes procyonoides. Cuon alninus Bird Podiceps ruficollis. Anser fabalis. Cygnus columbianus. Acgypius monachus. Phalacrocorax carbo. Dupetor flavicollis. Lophura ny cihemera Artificial raised animalPi. co. sheep. horse. chicken. duck. goos- Xiaoshan Mammal Sus scrofa. Nictercutes proc\ onoides. Lepus sinensis. Sciurus vn Mean. Mles meles. Mustela sibirica. Erinaceus europacus Bird H irundu rusiica. Pnasianus iorouaus. Garrula.i Canorus Canorus. Py cnonotus jsinensis. Alcedo atthis. Pica pica Artificial raised amma! Pip. co'.. rabbit. chicken. duck, goose 52ý 3.3 Social E-vironment 3.3.1 Administration Division From south to north. Ninabo-Wenzhou 500kV power transmission line passes through Ouhai division of Wenzhou city. Yong:ia county. Huangvan division of Taizhou city. Linhai city. Sanmer. county. Ninchai county. Fenahua city and Yin county. From east to west, Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV power transmission line passes through Tiantai county, Xinchana county. Shen2zhou city and Zhuji city. This project includes five 500kv substations, which are Wenzhou substation locating in Panqiao town of Wenzhou city, Yongxi substation locating in Zhonjiamentou of Shuanghe township of Yuyao city, Ningbo substation locating in Jia village of Yin county. Zhuji substation locating in Fengyilou village of Wangjiajin town of Zhuji city and Xiaoshan substation locating in Chengjiao village of Chengxiang town of Xiaoshan city. 3.3.2 Social Economy 53 ,j。 上一 ,)hA！可t,！、。1、。11亂，〕？lj\\?\&(It，可’1,&(ijl(,N 斗一取 k。×。I)111〕！雙電I實）I••，〕疋，驪i電？〝I&，莖覃實，N雙l奮震，州L一〔。I實1.,L 、•‘. 3.3.3 Land Use The 'N"It;bo Substation is located on the paddy field in a plain zlzza_2_Led wlt rivers and channels. also some on house bases. The Wenzhou Substation is in Ouhal District of Wenzhou C1tv. using main]-,- azricultural land includina cultivated and forest land. The Zhuj] substation is located on the hlll,, land. mainly dry field vith tea trees. also some on padd% field as well as house bases. The Xiaoshari Substation is located on the paddy field in a flat suburb zlzza2ced vlth rivers and channels. The Yonaxi Substation is on the plain, usina main]%- agricultural land and barren land includingSOMe residential houses. 3.4 Living Quality 3.4.1 Historic Relics and Scenen. Spots The 'VJesi Lake Area is a suenery spot of national level, famous for its beautiful hills and waters and rich artificial relics. The DonL 'an Lake in Ningxian county of Ninbo is the lar2est fresh water lake in the province, listed in the provincial level scenic Spots, The scenic spots in the areas crossed over by the transmission line include the provincial level scenic spots such as:Dafo Temple in Xinchanz.. Wuxie in Zhuji, Xikou Xuedou mountain in Fenchua. Dal iyan-Naru%ij ian a in Yon?jia. Tiantal mountain in Tiantai, which will be not passed through by the transmission lines and substations based on Fig. -2-1 3.4.2 Living Qualit-N Zhe-jiang province is in the economic developed region on the east coast, the people are leadin2 a well-off life. In 1996, the consumption level of the people in the province was I? Yuan per capita. 2580 Yuan/person for agricultural inhabitant, 7052 Yua perso for nonagricultural inhabitants. The per capita income for town dwellers was 6345 Yuan. and the net incorne of the rural dwellers was 3463 Yuan per capita. The avera2e housing area -,vas 11.08m' for tovm dwellers and 35.87 m2 for rural dwellers. However, economic development varlies with different areas. prosperous in the coastal areas (Hangzhou, Ninbo and Wenzhou ' ) xviiere the people have a high quality life. and less developed in the inland hill%- areas where the living qualit-,- is rather poor. Details are shown in Table 3-8. \ 舟＿ S6 3.5 Environment Quality of Locality of the Project From envirorimenta! monitoring in 1996. enviroriment quality of locality of the pro ject *1v meets the requirem-.nis of class 11 of "Standard of Enviro iental A'T Quality". primari . L I nn I I Water quallt-, in majorwater bodies crossed by transmission lines also primarily meets the requirements of class III of "Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water". Except urban areas xith h-a-,-,,, traffic and manv human activities. noise level of other areas crossed by transmission lines is in accordance %vith class 11 of mixed area standard in "Noise Standard for Urban Remon". 5 7 4.0 Impact of Environment on The Proposed Project and Protection Measures There are many environmental factors. such as topography. geology. hydrology. meteorology. ambient air quality, forest fires. which will exert impact on the long period safe. economic. and rational operation of the proposed project. I! would reversely exert impact on our social and economic life. and much more. on environment, if the proposed project cannot operate safely. 4.1 Impact of Harmful Geological Conditions on Power Transmission Lines and Protection Measures The power transmission lines is located mainly in the mountain areas. All the route options will pass complicated geology and harmful geological sections and the selected route will pssed the least harmful section. But complicated geology and harmful geological conditions in those areas will threaten the construction and safe operation of the project. In order to mitigate the impact of these harmful geological conditions on the project, some measures will be taken. " When select these nower transmission line corridors, poor geological structure will kept away as soon as possible. Tower le2s' leneth will be suitable to the local geomorphology to prevent the original natural slope from being broken. . Durinz foundation construction. soil discarded will be piled up at designated site in accordance with the relevant regulations to avoid new source of harmful geolocical conditions. 4.2 Impact of Wind And Ice on Power Transmission Lines and Protection Measures Vind and ice are two key factors which will affect the safe operation of the proposed project. The economic. rational construction and operation of the power transmission lines are affected directly by both wind and ice. Therefore. comprehensive investigation and analysis of data about wind and ice along the power transmission line corridors will be carried out. The main measures taken are described as follows: . Meteorological data had been collected and analyzed according to relevant rules and reLulations to determined the design meteorological parameters. . Particular investigation and analysis of micro-topographic and micro-meteorological zones had been carried out to determine the reliable meteorological parameters. . Durinz the selection of these power transmission line corridors, heavy icing areas(load 5S ice thickness is 20mm or more) had been avoided. 4.3 Impact of Ambient Air Pollutants on Power Transmission Lines and Protection Measures The location of the project is the comparatively developed area in China. The development of industries and country enterprises had led to terrible air pollution. If the ambient air pollutants cover the insulator surface. the flash-over fault will be caused. In order to minimize the impact of those air pollutants on the proposed project, corresponding measures taken are described as follows: . The power transmission line corridors will be kept as far as possible from big pollution sources and the line length passing through the heavily polluted area should be reduced. . Insulation- design will be carried out in accordance with pollution classification stipulated in the "Pollution Classification in Zhejiang Province". . Investigate new pollution sources and their relative position to the power transmission lines. The possible impacts of them on the safe operation of the power transmission lines will also be analyzed and measures will be taken to prevent them(such as strengthening sectional insulation and so on). 4.4 Impact of Communications on Power Transmission Lines and Protection Measures The condition of communications of the areas impacted by the proposed project affects directly the construction, operation. and urgent repair of transmission lines. In order to miti2ate the limits of the communication conditions. measures are taken as follows: . Select these power transmission line corridors to make the best possible utilization of the existing roads, and improve the transportation condition to reduce the cost of the proJect. . Select these power transmission line corridors to make the best possible utilization of topography. 4.5 Impact of Forest Fires on Power Transmission Lines and Protection Measures Forest fires threaten the safety of the power transmission lines. Therefore, the relevant rules and regulations should be carried out. Besides, it is a useful method to clean the power transmission line corridors or to determine safe areas between forest and transmission lines. It is also necessary to strengthen the observation of the passed forest areas. In fact, it is the most efficient bv means of strict regulations for fire usace in order to avoid forest fire. 59 5.0 Identification of Environmental Impact Since the project construciton will last a rather long period and the line gallery covers a Iar2e area. the environnental impact identification is divided into two stages. i.e.. construction and operation. 5.1 Construction Stage The construction activities for the substations includes site leveling. concrete mixina, equipment installation and test run and so on. The environmental impact caused by there activities includes: Impact of sewage and waste water on water bodies; Impact of dust caused in working faces and handling of cement; Noise impact of construction equipment operation Impact of land occupation on the agricultural production; Site preparation causing possible water and soil loss. Construction activities for transmission line mainly include land levelinz for drawing sites. buildinz of construction roads. tower base excavation. buildin2 or broadening bridges, trees fellin. oods transporation, concreting of tower bases and erection of line. Bridge and pier construction on the river channel may cause impact to river discharge and increase suspendcd substance; Temporary and permanent land occupation will use some farmland forest land and chanLe the orizinal function of the land; Land leveling may cause water and soil loss; Vecetation felling and construction in forest area will affect animals and plants; Line crossinc over other objects will affect traffic, other HV lines and communication lines: The construction may also affect the natural appearance. local economy and living quality of local people. 5.2 Opeartion Stage 60 The environmental impact in operation period of substations includes: the sewace and waste water discharge will affect the water bodies quality: Noise of equipment operation may affect the surroundinzs: Land occupation will affect the use of land; The substations do not produce waste air, so will not affect the air quality and the surrounding ecological environment; Permanent land occupation of the project will affect the function of part of land, damage part of vegetation. The environmental impact in operation period of transmission lines includes: The plants in the line gallery will be affected to certain extent, but migration and habitats of animals and birds will not be affected: The line does not run through scenic spots, but the structures may influence the nature of local areas nearby; The line may exert certain impact on navigation, highway, railway and telecommunication; Operation of the line may have certain impact on the local electric field, the noise produce by which will affect the sound environment, but will not affect the people's health. Identification of environmental impact in construction and operation stages are shown in Table 5-1. Table 5-1 Identification of Environmental Impact Items to be affected Construction period Operation penod Natural environment H% drological status Less impact caused by construction by Generally no river w\ill be occupied. the site of water body Aquatic environment impact of discharged sewage and Impact of discharged sewage and waste waste water from construction water from operation Ambient environment Impact of dust Impact of equipment noise Sound environment Noise impact of construction Impact of equipment noise equipment Water/soil loss Affected by e\cavation No water and soil loss generated Ecological environment Land occupation Land occupation impact Permanent lanc Occupation makes the land function ori2inal land function Chan2ed. Plant Tree Cuttin on temporaril" occupied Occupy part of forest land land and in the line galle-v Wildlife Interfere animal activities Not occupy animals' habtats. in construction period 61 Wetiand ecolozy \ot occup\ wet;and and no Not occupy %Netland ;nstruction b\ the side Natural conservation No natural conservation areas nearb\ No natural conser-vaion area passed bN areas Agro-ecOlogy Temporary land use affects agro- Permanent land ecology occupatior changes the agro-ecological features. Social environment Scene Excavation and tree curttn chance the Structures chanue the natural scenes. natural scenes. Traffic Short-time impact when erection line Not influence the traffic. sections crossing over roads and railways. Agr. production Occupy the farmland Occupy part of farmland. Telecommunication Cross over communication line impact of electromagnetic induction Other transmission line Construction Impact of crossing over Mineral source No impact. No impact. Living quality Cultural resource No cultural Facilities nearby No cultural facilities nearbi Historic resource No historical relics in and near the No historical relics nearo construction sites. Tourist scenic spots Construction is far from the scenic The line does not go through the spots. spots Employment Provide job chance Provide job chance Local economy Promote commercial development increase power suppi quality People's health No impact. No impact Resettlement Small number of inhabitants to be resettled 62 6.0 Environmental Impact in Construction Period 6.1 Construction 6.1.1 Land Occupation 6.1.1.1 Substation Wenzhou Substation: 10.83ha, cultivated land (mainly of paddy field) before requisition. Ningbo Substation: 9.04ha, mainly of paddy field and some residential houses before requisition. Zhuji Substation: 9.33ha, mainly of cultivated field and some residential houses before requisition. Yongxi Substation: 10ha. mainly of cultivated field. some residential houses before requisition. Xiaoshan Substation: 8.67ha, paddy field. The five 500kV substations will occupy a total of47.87ha land. 6.1.1.2 Transmission Line (1) Ningbo-Wenzhou 500kV Transmission Line The whole line needs a total of 633 tower bases. According to the tower types to be adopted. a total of 12.1ha land will be occupied, including hills on plain 18.4% and mountains 81.6%. If taking hills on plain as cultivated land and the mountain as woodland. 2.23 ha cultivated land and 9.87 ha woodland will be occupied. It is armed with 30 drawing sites for the project, 0.2 ha for each on average makin2 a total of 6 ha. The location of drawing sites and land type are shown in Table 6-1. 63 Table 6-1 Land Type of Drawing Sites for Ningbo-Wenzhou 500kV Transmission Line No Site name Type of land I Remarks I JNngbo substation 2 Baishe IPadd\ field 0.2km access road to be built. 3 Shunhu Dr% field 1Undulant land. leveling is needed. 4 Jieqi Paddy field I 5 Li villaLL;cune Drn field 10.4km access road to be built. Leveling is needed. 6 Fengtan IDr\ field 7 HuanEtan DTy field 1.1km access road to be built. 8 Xishanxia Woodland 1.7km access road to be built. Leveling is needed. 9 Houao Woodland 1.5km access road to be built. Levelin is needed 10 Zhuao Dr- field 0.8km access road to be built. Leveling is needed. 11 Meiken! Dry field i0.8km access road to be built. Levelmg is needed 12 jianaaenz Woodiand 1.6km access road to be built. Leveling is needed. 13 Shuangmiao Forest lans j2.1km access road to be built. Leveling is needed. 14 Linong Paddy field 0.1km access road to be built. 15 Huavuan Woodland 0.6km access road to be built. Leveling is needed. 16 Meivuan Woodland 1.5km access road to be built. Leveling is needed 17 Shitou Dry field 1.1km access road to be built. 18 Ninxi Dr\ field 0.7km access road to be built. 19 Wanjiadian IPaddy land 20 Qingshuikeng IWoodland 11.4km access road to be built. Leveling is needed. 21 Yanaling IDr, field 22 Hutou Woodland 1.1km access road to be built. Leveling is needed. 23 Xiaiiaao Woodland 2.2km access road to be built. Leveling is needed. 24 Yantou lDr field 0.7km access road to be built. Le.eling is needed. 25 Zhuan lWoodland 1.5km access road to be built. 26 Liiiakeng [Woodland 11.4km access road to be bull:. Levelin is needed. 27 Meiao Paddy field 28 Chensha-iao Woodland 10.7km access road and a bridge to be built. 29 1 Huanohnx:a Dry field 0.6km access road to be buil:. Leveling is needed. 30 Wenzhou substation paddy field Total 1.4 ha padd% field at 7 places, 2.2 ha dry field at 11 places. 2.4 ha woodland at 12 places. 23.7km access road to be built. one bridge to be built. earthe and rock excavation volume 13200 m3 There w ill be five stockyards for construction materials, 0.27 ha for each making a total of 1.35 ha. All these yards wxill be on paddy field or dry field. Construction of transmission line will occupy 5.8 ha cultivated land and woodland of 9.7 ha. (2) Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV Transmission Line The whole line needs a total of 225 tower bases. According to the tower types to be adopted, a total of 9.7 ha land wvill be occupied, including hills on plain 17.8% and mountains 82.2%. If taking hills on plain as cultivated land and the mountain as woodland. 1.73 ha cultivated land and 7.97 ha woodland will be occupied. It is armed with 20 drawing sites for the project, 0.2 ha for each on average making a total of 4 ha, The location of drawing sites and land type are shown in Table 6-2. 64 Table 6-2 Land Type of Drawing Sites for Tongbai-Zhuji 500k' Transmission Line No. Site name Type of land Remarks I Zhuji substation IPadd\ field 2 Zhonzia Drv field 0.5km access road to be built 3 Gengiou PaddN field 0.4km access road to be buil:. 4 IXishan Paddy field 0.4km access road to be built I Yahuan2 Woodland 1.6km access road to be built. LevelinE is needed. 6 Sician Dr\ field 10.8km access road to be built. Levelinc is needed 7 Xibian Paddy field 0.2km access road and a brid2e to be built. 8 HuanEshan Dry field 0.6km access road to be built. Leveling is needed 9 IXinshi Woodland 10.4km access road to be built. 10 JRanmiao Paddy field 11 Xiaxi Paddy field 0.6km access road to be built. 12 Tiechuanao Woodland 1.4km access road to be built. Levelina is needed. 13 Gankenglin JWoodland 1.3km access road to be built. Levelin is needed. 14 Shuibutou Woodland 1.9km access road to be built. Leveling is needed. 15 iRuao Woodland 11.4km access road to be built. Leveling is needed. 16 Xinshhichang Woodland 10.5km access road to be built. Leveling is needed. 17 Xiaoxi Dr, field 10.8km access road and a bridge to be built. 18 Bainikong Woodland 10.7km access road to be built. Leveling is needed. 19 Lengyuan Dry field 1.1 km access road to be built. 20 Tongbai Dry field Total 1.4 ha paddy field at 7 places, 1.2 ha dry field at 6 places, 1.4 ha woodland at 7 places. 14.6km access road to be built. two bridees to be built. earthe and rock excavation volume 11400 m3 There will be three stockyards for construction materials, 0.27 ha for each making a total of 0.8 1 ha. All these yards will be on cultivated land. Construction cf transmission line wili occupy 4.9 ha cultivated land and wodland of 8.4 ha. 6.1.2 Main Engineering Quantity 6.1.2.1 Substation In the substations will be arranged main control building. telecommunication building. comprehensive office. electric repair room, short-wave tower, garage. staff canteen, pump house for domestic and fire protection purpose, sewage pump house, and water tower. The main construction works include land levelinc. road buildin2. civil works of structures, and equipment installation. The total construction period is about 33 months, including 4 months for preparation, 13 months for civil works and 16 months for equipment installation before operation. 6.1.2.2 Transmission Line (1) Transportation Both trucks and hand-carrying will be adopted for goods transportation for the project. Beside the existina hi2hwavs. 23.7 km temporar- access roads and one bridge w\ill be built for Ningbo-Wenzhou 500kV transmission line- 14.6 km temporary access roads and tvo bridues x\il be built for Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV transmission line 65 (') Line erection Conductors and ground wires will be erected b\ tension method. (3) Main engineering quantity Table 6-3 Main Engineering Quantity of Transmission Line \o. Item Unit Ningbo-H\ enzhou Tongbai-Zhuji Transmission Line Transmission Line Quantity Man/day needed Quantity Man/day needed I Transportation t 98300 948600 2x37900 2x373300 2 Earth/rock m 395400 646500 2x]64700 2x267400 excavation 3 ITower base No. 1 633 152800 2x255 2x54600 4 jTowers and poles No. 633 197400 2x255 2x79400 5 Line erection km 275 158100 2xlll 2x58100 6 Accessories No. 633 14200 2x255 2x5600 installation Total Man/day 2117600 2x838400 6.2 Impact on Natural Environment 6.2.1 Impact on Water Bodies 6.2.1.1 Line Running across Other Objects The waters spanned by the power transmission lines see Table 6-4. Table6-4 The Waters Spanned by Power Transmission Lines Name No. of tower bases bases No. of rivers No. of reservoirs Wenzhou-Ningbo 500kV power transmission 633 105 7 Tonbai--ZhJi 500kV power transmission 2x255 2x7 2x1 The power transmission lines will span directly waters because its width is small enough, and neither any tower base will be constructed beneath water. nor any construction activities will be carries out in water. As a fact, neither suspended pollutants by water- surface-construction will be left over in the waters. nor the flood-carrvine-canacities of these rivers will be decreased.One brid2e will be built durine Nin2bc-Wenzhou 500kV transmission line construction as well as two for Tongbal-Zhuji 500kV transmission line. These rivers are characterized by big variation in river discharge, clear division of dry season. Excavation for the brid2es will be started in dry season, which will minimize 66 influence of the river discharce: and the river flood release will not be affected. 6.2.1.2 Impact on Water Quality The water pollution source in construction period includes sewage and waste water from construction. Sewage is mainly from the temporary living quarters of the laborers and staff. The sewage volume depends on the number of the laborers and staff on site. In construction of substations. the construction supervisors usually stay in the local city/town, and laborers will stay by the side of construction sites where the nearby exsiting sewage processing device should be used as much as possible. Sewage from the substations will be discharged into rivers out of the substations. Septic tanks and toilets will be set at construction sites, and sewage will be treated in the tank before discharged so as to reduce impact on water environment. The sewage volume is small at line construction sites due to small number of workers working there. Due to the self purification of the water bodies., the sewage produced by few workers will not concentralized and affect the water quality only within one place. The production waste water is generated from construction machines and washing of construction sites, mainly containing pollutants such as suspended substance and oil and grease. According to construction program. water consumption for constructing substations is 50m'/hr, which will generate waste water in amount of 70% of the water consumption volume. The waste water from concrete mixing will make the water bodies turbid and affect the ecological condition of the water bodies after sedimentation. Therefore, the production waste water is not suitable to be discharged directiv. but after it is treated in the waster water treatment systems set at each sites and reaches Grade I standard as specified in the Standards for Comprehensive Sewage Release (GB8978-1996). During construction of bridges, excavation on the river banks and building of bridge piers will increase SS content in the water bodies for a short time. Other construction activities such as line erection exert no impact or the water quality. 6.2.2 Impact on Air Environment The impact on air environment for constructing the substations and erecting power transmission lines is mainly generated by dust, which will obviously increase the content of TSP on the work surface for construction during a short period of time. The five substations are all located on farmland far away from residential areas. Only little impact on the ambient environment will occur. Construction intensity at various line construction sites is not great. which will have little scope and extent of impact on the ambient environment. 6.2.3 Noise Impact 6.2.3.1 Noise Impact of Transmission Line Durin2 construction. fewer construction machines will be used. which will generate weak noise. Since there is no residential quarter nearby, the noise impact will be very little. 6.2.3.2 Noise Impact of Substations (1) Noise source Construction of substations will be carried out in high intensity due to operation of many construction machines, which will generate rather obvious noise impact. The noise sources mainly are tne operation of concrete mixer, bulldozer, excavator and truck. the noise level is estimated to be 90-1 10dB. (2) Impact forecast The noise will be propagated by air and attenuated with distance, which can be calculated by the following formula: L 2 = L, - 201g r, / r, in which: L 2 is the noise value (dB) at. a distance r. from the noise source. and L, is the noise value (dB) at a distance r, from the noise source. Beside attenuation of propagation, the enclosing walls of the substations also have sound isolation function. The noise level is estimated as shown in Table 6-5. Table 6-5 Estimated Construction Noise Level Beyond the Field Distance (m) 0 10 20 50 100 200 500 Without wall(dB) 73.2 72.4 71.7 69.7 67.2 63.7 _57.7 With wall(dB) 49.2 48.4 4 7 45.7 43.2 39.7 33.7 (3) Impact to sound environment In the case without enclosing walls, the boundary noise value in both day and niaht time exceeds 70dB as specified in the Noise Limited Values for Construction Boundary (GB 12523-90) and the noise level within 200m distance beyond the boundary exceeds Grade 2 standard as specified in the Noise Level Standards in Urban Districts (GB3096-93). Therefore, enclosing walls should be built at the construction sites before construction, especially for the sensitive areas nearby. In the case with enclosing walls, the boundary noise values in both day and niaht time are within the standards as specified in the Noise Limited Values for Construction Boundary (GBI2523-90) and in conformity to Grade 2 standard (60dB for daytime and 50dB for nicht time) and as specified in the Noise Level Standards in Urban Districts (GB3096-93). the noise level within 200m distance beyond the boundary is conformity to Grade 0 standard (50dB for daytime and 40dB for night time) as specified in the Noise Level Standards in 68 Urban Districts (GB3096-93), 6.2.4 Impact to Mineral Resource The power transmission line corridors and substations are designed to avoid mineral areas so that there is no impact on minerals. 6.2.5 Impact on Land (1) The function of the temporarily occupied construction site will change during substation and lower base construction, and will be resumed after the construction completed. (2) The function of the substation sites and tower bases will be changed permanently, and the land will be turned into industry-land. (3) The function of the land in the transmission corridors will be changed in some extent. First. most of the tall trees in those forest areas passed by transmission lines will be cut down. thus the forest land in the corridor will be turned into bare land or for other usage; second, when transmission lines pass farm land, some crops in the corridor will be damaged in some extent due to construction, but the damage will be small: third, when transmission lines pass residential area, those houses in corridors will be removed(the area of removed houses due to Ninbo-Wenzhou 500kV transmission line is 8625m' and that of Tonabai-Zhuji is 11509 m' ) and the residents will be resettled. 6.2.6 Water and Soil Loss The substations are mainly located on flat areas(cultivated land). requiring less excavation for land leveling, thus, there will be no spoil and no water and soil loss will occur. Construction of the tower bases. land leveling for drawinz sites and buildin2 of access roads include excavation and backfillinz. The total earth and rock excavation volume for NinLbo-Wenzhou 500kV transmission line is 395400 m-. 13200 n for drawine sites. The total earth and rock excavation volume for Tongbai-Zhuii 500kV transmission line is 164700 nr' each circuit(329400 n' for double-circuit). 11400 rn' for drawing sites each circuit(22800 n' for double-circuit). Without proper protection measures adopted, part of spoil will be washed away which will affect the growth of adjacent plants and may be accumulated in the river channels. Therefore. measures should be taken to strenethen the manacement in order to prevent water and soil loss. Based on "Water and Soil Conservation Law of the P.R.China'. designer and contractor of this proposed project must take the design and construction scheme which will minimize the environmental impact as much as possible. First, during design and construction. the const-uction access roads and excavation sites will be carefully designed and the design scheme should be approved by the environmental protection department. In details. the excavation should first be used to fill sites needed and the spare excavation 69 will be transported and piled in places planned by the design scheme. During construction. the environmental supervision should be taken such as: environnenta: supervisors will supervise the excavation by the constractor and damaged vegetation area in order to control] the impact on environment due to construction activities efficientli. The supervising result will be reported to environmental protection department and project owner. Once the construction activity not obeying construction scheme is founded. that construction must be stopped immediately and the make-up measures should be taken. Only the environmental requirements have been met. the construction can be carried again. After construction, the temporarily occupied land should be resumed. vhen all the activites for construction and restoration have been finished, environmental protection department will check out thoes construction sites in order to ensure that the project construction will not bring about water and soil loss and minimize the impact on local environment in a permitted area. 6.3 Impact on Ecological Environment 6.3.1 Impact on Plants 6.3.1.1 Impact of substations The substations will be built on the cultivated land with artificial veaetation. Substation construction will change ecologic environment of those cultivated land which will be turned into industry-land. 6.3.1.2 Impact of transmission line A total of 23.7km access roads (17.4km in mountains, about 73.4% of the whole length) will be built for the drawing sites of Ningbo-Wenzhou 500kV transmission line. The average width of the accesses is 3m. occupying cultivated land 1.89 ha and mountain Woodland 5.22ha. A total of 14.6km access roads (11.2km in mountains. about 76.7% of the whole length) will be built for the dravin sites of NinEbo-Wenzhou 500kV transmission line. The average width of the accesses is 3m. occupying cultivated land 1.02 ha and mountain Woodland 3.36ha. The land occupation is mostly temporary. The construction sites in mountains requires footpath for goods hand carring and footpath for line inspection. The paths will be Im wide on the average. The Nincbo-NWenzhou 500kV transmission line requires 325km footpath for goods hand carrying and 314 km footpath for line inspection. occupying woodland 63.9ha. and including woodland for permanent inspection path 31.4ha. The Tongbai-Zhu ji 500kV transmission line requires 267km footpath for goods hand carrying and 253 km footpath for line inspection. occupying woodland 52.0ha. and including woodland for permanent inspection path 25.3ha. 70 The tower base of Nin2bo-Wenzhou 500kV transmission line will occupy woodland 9.87ha. The tower base of Ton2ba]-Zhuji 500kV transmission line will occupy woodland 7.97ha. The line route will occupy a total of 164.22ha woodland including permanently occupied land 74.54ha by access roads for checking lines and tower base. The woodland to be requisitioned in each affected county is about 0.01% of the county total, and is covered by secondary forest. shrub and artificial forest (pines and firs). Except those in high mountains. no large trees and rare of endangered plant species are found in the affected forest, land. Therefore, little impact will occur on the local forest production and plant resource, no less endangered plant species. Efforts should be made to minimize cutting of trees in construction of accesses and footpaths; and in case of encountering rare plant species, timely reporting to local forest authority should be made and protection measures adopted. The accesses for the drawing site should be re-planted with trees, and the vegetation at footpaths will be naturally restored soon after construction. Compensation for trees felled will be based on the relevant governmental policies. 6.3.2 Impact to Animals 6.3.2.1 Impact of substation construction The substation sites are in the areas busy with human activities, there is no wildlife nearby except voles. Therefore, no impact will occur on the wildlife. 6.3.2.2 Impact of line construction According to the invistegation in June and July 1998. affected by the human activities. the number of rare animal species is few. Although there will be certain impact on the animals. there will not be any systematic impact on the forest ecology and vegetation due to less construction intensity and short construction period and less land occupation. Therefore. the line construction will not much affect the habitats of the animals and subsistence source sand. The width of footpaths is small, so small amount of trees will be cut. The narrow footpaths will not impact the migration and activities of animals. For the sake of protection. necessary publication and education of the wildlife protection knowledge (includinq the Wildlife Protection Law of PRC) should be made to the constructors. and hunting and killing animals (including mammals. birds and reptiles) are strictIv forbidden. 6.3.3 Impact on Wetland ecological environment 71 No natural wetland such as lakes and depressions will be occupied by substations and transmission lines. and no tower will be erected in pools and reservoirs which have been designed to be run across. so there will be no impact on the ecological environment of the wetland. 6.4 Impact on Social Environment 6.4.1 Impact on Traffic by Transmission Lines construction 6.4.1.1 Basic Description Generally, the construction and operation of power transmission lines might not affect the traffic of railways or highways and the waterway of rivers; however, temporary unfavorable influence will be inevitable during the construction. The situation that these railways, highways, and rivers are crossed-over by the power transmission lines see Table6-6. Table 6-6 Railways, highways, and rivers crossed-over by the power transmission lines Name of lines No. of highways No. of railways No. of rivers Wenzhou-Nin,bo 500kV power transmission lines 35 0 105 Tongbai--Zhuji 500kV power transmission lines 9x2 0 7x2 6.4.1.2 Impact on Highway Crossed-over by Power Transmission Lines . A small amount of dust will be generated durine the construction of tower bases and towers, but there is no impact on the hihwavys nearby. . There is some temporal impact on high-level highways crossed-over by the power transmission lines. There is nearly no impact on low-level highways crossed-over by the power transmission lines. 6.4.1.3 Impact on Waterway while Waters being Crossed-over by The Power Transmission Lines The power transmission lines span rivers and reservoirs. The width of all rivers is eenerally no more than 500 except Ou River of about I 000m and the width of all reservoirs is no more than 600 meters. There is nearl\ no impact on waterway because the designed towers will not be built in water and the flow of waterway itself is very low. But all the formal 72 construction activities in those rivers should be carried out under the admission of local management department. So there is some impact on river navigation due to transmission line construction . but the impact will be reduced to a permitted extent after taking a series of mitigration measures. 6.4.2 Impact on High-voltage Electric Wires Crossed-over by Power Transmission Lines 6.4.2.1 Basic Description Table 6-7 Electric Wires Crossed-over by Power Transmission Lines Name of lines 35kV power 110kV power 220kV power transmission line transmission line transmission line Wenzhou--Nin2bo 500kV power transmission lines 25 10 5 Tongbai--Zhuji 500kV power transmission lines 8x2 3x2 I x2 6.4.2.2 Impact during Construction There in no impact on the existing power transmission lines because the proposed project is desiEned and constructed in accordance with "Technical Regulations for Design of AC Hizh Voltace Overhead Power Transmission Lines " (GBJ3--79) and other relevant technical rules and regulations(refer to table 2-15). 6.4.3 Impact on agricultural production 6.4.3.1 Impact of substations Some land next to the substation sites will be occupied for access roads and construction material storinE during substation construction which are mainly located in farniand. It will be from construction preparation to construction complement that this part of farmland w-ill not be used for agricultural purpose. however, it will be restored after construction by adopting restoration measures. 6.4.3.2 Impact of transmission line 73 Erection of the line will temporarily occupy 21.97 ha cultivated land and 3.96 ha for construction of tower bases permanently, most of which are paddy field. Durin construction of tower bases. the crops under the towers will be damaged; and after construction the land can be restored for agricultural production. The temporarily occupied land will be restored for agricultural production after construction. Part of crops in the line gallery will be affected to certain extent during erection of line. 6.5 Impact on Life Quality 6.5.1 Impact on Cultural Resources 6.5.1.1 Impact on Culture, Education, Health, and Recreation During the selection of substation sites and power transmission lines, it is emphasized to keep them away from hospitals. schools, sanatoria. and public places of entertainment. Therefore, there is no impact on them. 6.5.1.2 Impact on Historical Remains There is no impact during construction because there is no historical remains on substation sites and near towers according to the investigation of the construction sites. 6.5.2 Impact on Scenic Spots There in no impact because there is no scenic spots near the project. 6.5.3 Impact on Landscape The construction of power transmission lines and substations will change of landscape in certain extent. 6.5.4 Labor Force Import (1) The construction of power transmission lines and substations is mainly carried by professional workers of electric industry, which can not be substituted by local labors. so that there is no occupation and culture conflict between them. (2) The local labors will get some temporal employment opportunities in non- professional fields. (3) The import of labor forces will lead to the increase of demand of commodities and other services and the increase of employment. (4) The proposed project constructin will provide jobs to local residents dircctly or indirectly and promote the local economic development. Therefore the life level of partial local residents will be improved. 74 6.5.5 The Land Occupation and Relocation (1) Some land including farmland. forestland. and houseland will be occupied. some houses will be removed for the construction of the proposed project. The concrete conditions will be described in Chapter 2 and Chapter 6. (2) The temporarily requisitioned land during the construction will be resumed after the construction completed. (3) Land occupation and relocation compensation settlement is an important environment problem during the construction. It will be introduced in details in the Relocation Action Plan (RAP). (4) In accordance with the Chinese laws, the ownership of land is in the government who plans and manages land, Individual or enterprise has only the right of use. All action of land occupation of every construction unit must be accordant with the "Land Management Law" and other relevant laws, rules, and regulations. The right for use and the related things of the land user will be compensated to guarantee the income and living levels not to go down according to the above-mentioned laws. (5) The people will be affected in daily work and life if they have not been resettled in time during the construction and operation. Therefore, the governments in different levels should pay serious attention to the problem, and the corresponding organizationwi4l be - found to manage and supervise the compensation and settlement to minimize the impact. 75 7.0 Environmental Impact in Operational Period 7.1 Impact on Natural Environment 7.1.1 Impact on Water Environment During operational stage, the domestic sewage from the substations is small in quantity. and mainly composed of nightsoil and washing waste water. The main pollutants are COD, BOD,. colon bacillus group and N, P nutrient substance. During operational stage, no oil-contained waste water will be produced by the substations at normal conditions; a small amount of oil-contained water may be produced only in the case of failure of main transformers and oil-immersed reactors. The substations may produce some acid waste water when adding acid to batteries, once a year and in small amount. According to the Standards for Control of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Pollutants (GB13015-91), no substation is permitted to employ equipment using PCB. so no environmental impact caused by PCB will occur. Since the substations are mostly arranged on in the river system areas on the plain close to -cities, with lower ability in carrving and diffusion of pollutants. Direct discharging of the above said sewage and waste water will bring serious impact on the river water; therefore treatment measures must be adopted. 7.1.2 Impact on Air Environment Operation of the line and substations will not produce air pollutants directly and not contaminate the air environment. Greening in the substations will improve the vegetation and air quality in the land, requisition areas to a max. extent. 7.1.3 Impact on Sound Environment 7.1.3.1 Substation Noise from the substations is generally generated by operation of main transformers, reactors and circuit breakers. The noise level of transformers is about 85dB. that of reactors is about 60dB and that of the breakers is about 80dB. Attenuation calculation has been made on the main transformer (the max noise source of 76 substation). By using the recorded noise data of imported 500kV main transformers and 330kN main transformers and reactors and capacitors measured by the Northwest Power Design Institute. the following attenuation formula is obtained by recession method. L L= 6.1 g(RJR,)-0.3 R,=1m.R,=1-5m; L L = 15.96 ig(RJR,) - 7.1 R,=Im. R. > 5m. In the formula. z L is the noise attenuation value (of noise distance), in dB; R, is the test distance from the noise strength source (in meters): and R, is the distance between the measuring point and the noise source. in meters. The calculated result is shown in Table 7- 1. Table 7-1 Result of Calculated Noise Values units:dB(A) R, (m) 5 10 20 40 60 80 100 150 __200 300 -L 4,0 8.9 13.7 18.5 21.3 23.3 24.8 27.6 29.6 32.4 0 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 L 81 66.1 56.3 .51.5 48.7 146.7 r45.2 42.4 40.4 37.6 Notes: a L, is the deafening value and the absorb value of trees and so on, in dB(A). L is the noise value at the measuring point. The figures in Table 7-1 indicates that the noise value at the point 60m distance from the main transformer (within the substation site) has been attenuated to less 50dB, which is within the Grade 11 standard of GB 12348-90 (day time 60dB and night time 50dB) and also within the Grade II standard in GB3096-93 (day timeZQdB and night time 50dB). Based on analogous analysis on the noise monitoring data obtained from the existing 500kV and 220'V substations in operation, shown in Table 7-2. and considering the layout of the substations and noise reducing measures adopted. it can be predicted that the noise level within the substation site be the background field noise value of the substations, usual]y less than 50dB and within Grade II standard specified in Noise Standards for Area in Industrial Enterprises (GB12348-90) (60dB in day time and 50dB in night time) and within Grade II standard in the Environmental Noise Standards in Urban Areas (GB3096- 93) (60dB in day time and 50dB in night time). The predicted noise levels of the substations are acceptable in the areas mixed with residence. commerce and industry. The above mentioned shows that the operation of substations will not generate obvious impact on the substations sites and surroundings in this respect. 77 Table 7-2 Analogous Results of Noise at the 20m Belt in the Center Line of the Corridor produced by 500kY Line or by 500k and 220kN Substations Item j Noise Value (dBA)) Day time Night time Fan-Dou line 46.2 44.2 Huai-Jiang line 45.2 40.1 Jiang-Dou line 40.6 39.3 Dou-Huang I ine 40.7 38.7 220kV Gudang substation 40.0-50.0 220kV Dongiiao substation 40.0-50.0 500kV Doushan substation 41.4-47.2 500kV Jiangdu substation 40.8-44.3 7.1.3.2 Transmission lines Analo2ized by the noise monitoring data of the 500kV lines in China (refer to Table 7.2). it is predicted that the noise in the line gallery either of Ningbo-Wenzhou or Tongbai-Zhuji is less than 50dB, and that at the 20m belt in the center line of the gallery is less than 50dB, both of the values are within the Grade IIstandard of GB3096-93 (60dB in day time and 50dB in night time). 7.1.4 Impact on Flood Release Capacity of Rivers The transmission lines crossing over rivers will be designed strictly according to the relevant specifications and thus no impact will be induced to the flood release capacitN of the rivers (refer to table 2-15). 7.2 Impact on Ecological Environment 7.2.1 Impact on Agricultural Ecology The five substations will mainly occupy farmland. The land requisitioned will change it into industrial use. and construction of the structures will change the original physical property of the land and thus. destroy the original ecolocical environment. The transmission lines running through farmland will have their tower bases occupying small amount of farmland. These land will be chanced into industrial use. Except the occupied land by tower bases, the other land in the transmission line corridors can be used for farming. Those crops under transmission lines will not be impacted during operation. but some of farners' cultivation acitivities (such as mechanized agriculture) will be affected. The biolo2ical effect of the crops induced by electric field is described in par. 7.2.5. 7.2.2 Impact on Forest Ecology 78 The transmission lines runnina through forests will have their tower bases occupying some woodland. Change in land fuction (from agricultural to industrial) will affect local forest ecology. According to the relevant specifications, in the case that transmission lines running across forests. most of the trees in corridors will be felled and those wild tall trees in deep gullies should not be felled. Thus the transmission line construction will affect the local forest ecological environment unavoidably. The growth of trees under transmission lines will be limited. 7.2.3 Impact on Wetland Ecology Within the substation site and the areas passed by the line, there is no natural wetland such as lake and depression, and construction will not occupy wetland such as pond and reservoir. Therefore, no direct impact will occur on wetland. 7.2.4 Impact on IWildlife and Plants, Particularly the Rare Species During the route selection, efforts have been made to keep the project away from the sensitive areas. According to the investigation, there is no natural protection area in the vicinity of substations and alone the transmission lines. According to the investigation and relevant information, the proposed project has avoided the area inhabitted by rare species of animal. so there will not be impact and damage on those animals during construction and operation. Comparing with the animals' living area, the tower land requisition is very small, and only affects very limited vicinity. Operation of the towers will not destroy habitats of the animals. The transmission line passes over forests. therefore, migration route of animals and birds will not be cut down. nor do the habits of living. either. The vision of birds is very sensitive, thus, they will not hit the tower and the line. in eeneral. The impact of electric field on animals and birds is described in par.7.2.5. 7.2.5 Impact of Electric Field and Noise on Ecological Environment According to the "Evaluation on Electric Effect of Transmission Lines and Ecolocical Effect" (19S2) by the ecological research team of BPA of the USA, it can be deemed that: The electric field of transmission lines and substations will not affect the growth of agricultural crops. economic crops and other plants; 79 The electric fields will not exert harmful influence to the behavior and health of wildlife, and no unfavorable impact to the behavior and health of domestic animals even if the field intensity reaches 12kV/m. The HV transmission lines are high above the water surface. resulting in a weak electric field in water. Together with other factors. it is therefore impossible for the fishes in the water body to be affected by the electric field produced by the lines. No negative impact of electric field produced by transmission lines will exert to birds. Living examples reported proves that number of young eagles hatched in nests on 500kV and 330kV lines is same as the average number of those in the nests on trees and cliffs. Even during the period when the corona noise is at its max. value, the domestic animals and wildlife behave as usual in the line gallery and in the vicinity. It can be seen that the noise produced by the lines will not impact the habitat of wildlife. The actual recorded value of ground field intensity test of 500kV lines is no more than 5kV/m, which will exert no impact to habitats of the wildlife. The experiment by Wuhan HV Equipment Research Institute and Wuhan Medical College on the rats placed under electric field of 40, 50 and 100 kV/in and the experiment by Southwest Institute of the USA (Bulawka, 1982) on baboons placed under electric field of 30kV/m. indicated that electric field exerted no impact to normal growth of animals. The former Soviet Union conducted a 4-month experiment on rats placed under electric field of 15-20 kV/m. The experiment showed that the physiological reaction to the electric field is little and generally within the physiological standard. Accordina to the limit values of electrostatic induction and electrostatic induction current specified for 500kV lines and substations, and referring to the monitorinc data of 500kV lines and substations and study of electric field physiological effect, the project is expected that the electric field and noise will not affect the local ecological environment. 7.3 Impact on Social Environment 7.3.1 Impact on Traffic According to Technical Specifications for Overhead Transmission Lines Design (SDJ3-79). Standards of Inland Navigation (GBI39-90) and other relevant design specifications and standards, sufficient net clearance will be maintained between the lines and the objects to be crossed over such as highway. river and railway. etc.. So normal operation of these facilities will not be affected. Monitorinc and analogous survey on the ground electric field of 500kV transmission line show that the max value of it is not more than 5kV/Im. which is less than the recoanized limit value (7kV/m) of lines crossing over hihwavys. 80 According to the Report on Electric Field Distribution of The 500kV Line Crossing Over The Chan2jiang River At Wusong and Verification of Its Impact on Navigation, the electric field. distribution calculation of the 500kV Jiang-Chanc line crossinc the river shows that the max. field intensity 5m and 20m above the river surface at the main naviation channel is 0.88kV/r and 1.25kV/m respectively, which will has no impact on navigation. 7.3.2 Impact of the 500kV Transmission Line on Other Power Lines According to Technical Specifications for Overhead Transmission Lines Design (SDJ3-79). Technical Specifications for Overhead Distribution Lines (SDJ206-87) and other design specifications and standards (refer to table 2-15), the 500kV lines of the project will not exert impact to 220kV, 110kV, 35kV, 10kV and 3 80V lines. 7.3.3 Impact on Telecommunication According to Permissible Values of Telecommunication Lines against Hazardous Impact of High Tension Line (GB6830-86), Principal Agreement on Prevention and Resolution of Hazard and Interference of Power Transmission Lines to Telecommunication and Sianal Lines 0ointly issued in 1961 by former Ministry of Water Conservancy and Electric Power. Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Post and Telecommunication and Telecommunication Corps) and other official documents, the standard permissible values of electromagnetic interference, electrornotive force of electromagnetic induction and electrostatic interference of transmission lines are listed in Table 7-3. Table 7-3 Standard Permissible Values Item Permissibe values Hazardous Telecom High reliability power line ' 650V impact line Average power line 430V Telecom ID.C. test voltage (U,) 60%0o( U,) cable A.C. test voltage (Ud) 8 d( U) Total noise electromotive force of' 4.5mV Interference double-line loop with repeater station Total noise electromotive force of 1 0mv double-line loop without repeater station Crossing angle betveen Class A telecom. line >45u power and telecom. line Class B telecom. line >30' Class C telecom. line no requirement Min. permissible clearance Ground conductivity > 200s/m >25m between grounding device of Ground conductivity< 200s/m >50m tower base* and underground telecom. cable Note: * The closes: one to the cable. The hazard and interference to the telecommunication lines caused by the transmission line can be reduced or minimized by changing ground wire, so as to satisfy the requirement of the normal operation of the telecommunication lines. 81 In design of the transmission line of the project. the protection distances (refer to Table 7-4) are considered according to the protection requirement of radio stations against transmission line as specified in Design Regulations for Impact of HV Transmission Lines to Radio Stations (DLT5040-95) and other state codes and specifications: therefore. the radio stations will be effectively prevented from the radio noise eenerated by corona of the transmission line and the electric interference of the power line will be kept low than the permissible value. Therefore the electromagnetic interference generated by corona of the 500k line will not affect normal operation of radio communication, radio broadcasting and radar stations. Table 7-4 Protection Clearance between Power Line and Radio Station 500kV overhead power line No. Type of radio facilities Classification of radio station I AM broadcasting Receiving station 1200 900 500 Monitoring station 2000 1000 500 2 Shor-wave direction -finding station 12000 2000 1 2000 3 Shori-wave signal-receivino stat on 2800 1100 700 4 Radio relay station VHF (1) 500 500 500 VHF(Ill) 350 350 350 5 VHF\UHF radio communication station 500 500 500 for aviation 6 Radio warning and VHF (80 -300MHz) 1600 1600 1600 iuidinc station IVUF (above 300MHz) 1000 1000 1000 7 MW auidance station 500 500 500 8 Ultra shon-wave radio direction finder station 700 700 700 9 Radio guidance station .9for ocean ships 400 400 400 7.3.4 Impact on Agricultural Production The impact of the transmission line and substation during operation on agricultural production is shown in Table 7-5. Table 7-5 Impact of The Project on Agricultural Production Nature Land requisition Quantity (ha.) Crop affected (1) Substations 47.87 574.44 Permanent Ninabo-Wenzhou 2.23 26.76 500kV Traansmission line' Tonobai-Zhuji 1.73 20.76 500k Traansmission line Total 51.83 621.96 Note: Calculation of the crop output is based on 12 t/ha for rice field Except the permanent substation and tower base land acquisition. the land temporarily occupied can be restored to its original use. The house plots in the line route gallery can be re-cultivated. The temporary accesses can be used for cultivation. The farmland in the line route and by the side of the tower base can still be used for agricultural production. and the power line will not exert unfavorable influence on the Lrowth of crops. 82 7.4 Impact to Living Quality of Local People 7.4.1 Impact to People's Health 7.4.1.1 Relevant Standards for People's Health (1) Electrostatic induction limits are shown in Table 7-6 and 7-7. Table 7-6 Recognized Electrostatic Induction Limits in China Item Location Field intensit\ limit (kVim) 500kv line* Crossing farmland 9.5 Crossina hiahway 7 Crossing or close to houses 4 Substation** In the areas with dispatching equipment 10 (10-15) In the staff operation areas 8 At enclosing walls (not the outgoing line 5 direction) and beyond Notes: *The max. undistorted field intensity one meter above the around in the line gallery. **Field intensity 1.5m above the ground in substation and its nearby area. Table 7-7 Recognized Electrostatic Induction Limits in Other Countries Country Field intensin limit (kV/m) Source of data No limited standing time (e.g. substation): 5 Former USSR Crossing roads or places with Report on Unexpected frequent human activities:10 Ecological Effect of Human Non-residential area but with being induced b, electric field possible human activities: 15 Location with seldom human activities:20 Crossin2 hichwavs: 5 USA Crossing parking lot of NESC commercial center: 3.5 Parkin2 lot of commercial and industrial enterprises: 2.5 Within line gallery: 9 BPA At edges of line gallery: 5 Japan Ground field intensity under HVSpccification of Overhead overhead line: 3 Transmission Lines , Japan (2)1nduced current limit The statistics of test results on impact of induced current to human body shown in Brief Description of Electric Field and Electromagnetic Field Produced by Power transmission System prepared by 36.01 Working Team of the International Large Power System Conference. indicates that the human body will be affected bioloLicallv and physiologically only when the current reaching mA level flows through the human body. Dalziel's test result shows that only 1% of 'the human being feel the current less than 83 0.5mA and 35% of men feel the current of IrnA when it flows through their hand. Therefore. the induced current of the substation and power line of the project is decided a 0.5mA for design. (3) Sensible noise limit at edge of line gallery (Table 7-8) Table 7-8 Sensible Noise Limits at Edge of Line Gallery Country Noise limit (dB) USA 52 Former USSR Canada 60 For this project 60 7.4.1.2 Analogous results based on monitoring and survey data are shown in Table 7-9 and 7-10. Table 7-9 Anagogic Results for 500kV Lines Name of line Max. field intensity kV/m Remarks Ren-Jinag line 3.43 Proceeding [12] Dou-Huan line 3.2 Proceeding [12] Ping-Ding line 3.0 Proceeding [12] Ge-Fenz line 4.45 Proceeding [Il] Shuang-Feng line 4.0 Proceedin[1 I] Tian-Guang line 1.24 Proceeding [11] Transmission line (50Hz) <5 Recognized in China Transmission line (60Hz) J 3.7 BPA of the USA Table 7-10 Analogous Survey Results for Substations Name of substation Max. field intensity (kV/m) Remarks Dispatching At outgoing line equipment area direction 500kN Jiangdu substation 2.87 Proceeding [12] 500kV Renzhuang substation 2.28 Proceeding [12] 500kV Doushan substation 3.00 Proceeding[12] 220kV Xijiao substation, 6.6 * 500kV substation 4.3 - 11.0 <5 * 220kV substation 8.5 <5 Proceeding [131 Note: Figures marked with - are from Test Report on Electrostatic Induction of 220kV Substation in East China Region. 7.4.1.3 The prediction on the substation and assessment (1) The analogous and survey data prove that the field intensity of the equipment in 500kV substations is 4.3-11.0 kV/m and that in the dispatching equipment yard is less than I 0kV/m, both of which are less than the limit value 15kV/Nm. The requirement can be met. 8-1 The max. electrostatic induction field intensity is 8.5kV/m at 1.5m distance from the dispatching equipment of 220kV substation. which is less than the specified 10kV/m. (2) The research (Electric Equipment Design and Operation of 500kV Substations written by Lan Zenju and Ye Jinxin etc.) shows that the field intensity will be reduce by 1. 15kV/m for each meter distance increased between 10m and 14m outside of the equipment. The clearance between the equipment and control room of the substation is usually greater than 10m, the field intensity reaching the operator of the station will be less than 8kV/m due to attenuation, which is acceptable. (3) From Table 7-10, the field intensity at the enclosing walls (not in the outgoing line direction) and beyond the wall of 500kV is less than 5kV/m, which is acceptable. (4) The analysis of impact of substation noise values is described in par 7.1.3. (5) Accord to that the max. space field intensity under 500kV line is 13.1 kV/m. the induction current through human body will be as follows: Induction current through body < 13 1.0 uA Induction current throuah head <65.5 uA Induction current through hand <196.5 pA It can be seen that the induction current generated by the 500kV substation to the human body is less than 0.5mA of the standard (The field intensity at the operation area of the substation is less than 8kV/m and that at the enclosing wall less than 5kV/m, both are far less than 13. kV/m. Details are shown in Appendix A) 7.4.1.4 The Prediction on 500kV Transmission Lines and Assessment The prediction on 500kV transmission lines of this proposed project is shown in Fig. 7- I-Fie.7-3. It can be seen from Fi. 7-1 that when the averaze clearance of Ninzbo-Wenzhou 500kV transmission line is respectively 13m. 15m and 20m, the Max. electrostatic induction electric field intensity on the ground under the line is 10.13kV/m, 7.72kV/m and 4.36kV/m which appears at the site away from the transmision line's edge conductors with disatance of 2m, 2.5m and 6m respectively. At the edge of the transmisison line corridor(30m away from the center line), the Max. value is 2.61kV/m, 2.58kV/m and 2.38kV/m. It can be seen from Fig. 7-2 that when the averace clearance of Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV transmission line is respectively 13m, 15m and 20m. the Max. electrostatic induction eletric field intensity on the Eround under the line is 9.99kV/m. 7.61kV/m and 4.32kV/m which appears at the site away from the transmision line's edge conductors with disatance of I.9m. 2.5m and 5.7m respectively. At the edge of the transmisison line corridor(30m away from the center line). the Ma.. value is 2.57kV/m. 2.54kV/m and 2.34kVim. It can be seen from Fig. 7-3 that when the average clearance of the 500kV transmission line 85 is respectively 13m. 15m and 20m. the Max. electrostatic induction magnetic field intensity on the ground under the line is 133mg. 106m- and 65.l1m2 which all appears just under the center line. At the ed2e of the transmisison line corridor(30m away from the center line). the Max. value is 31.8mg. 30.4mg and 25.17mg. According to both Chinese and abroard practical investigation of the electrostatic induction eletromagnetic field for the same transmission lines(refer to Appendix A). the electrostatic induction electric field intensity is below 10kV/m under the transmission line. which is in accordance with the prediction of the proposed transmission lines. It can be also found from the above result that the electric field intensity under the transmission line is decreasing along with the increasing of the clearance of that line. So. the line clearance can be added to reduce the electrostatic induction eletric field intensity nearby the trabsmission line in order to meet the requirement of standards when the protected objects can not be removed easily in the impacted area. kV/m 16 -_ H1=13m H2=15m 12 H3=20m -60 -5 4o 20C'6 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 rr Fig. 7-1 Distribution of Electric Field Intensit, at I m above the Ground under Ningbo-Wenzhou 500kV Power Transmission Line 86 kV/m 16 H1=13m H2=15m 12 - H3=20m 1 , yl, -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 m Fig. 7-2 Distribution of Electric Field Intensity at Im.above the Ground under Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV Power Transmission Line mG 160 H1=13m . H2=15m A20 --H3=20m 80 \8 40 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 m Fig. 7-3 Distribution of Magnetic Field Intensitv at lm above the Ground under 500kV Power Transmission Line of the Project 87 During the route selection for the transmission line. schools. hospitals and populated areas have been avoided to minimize the impact on nearby environment of transmission lines. thus there is no such devices and places along the transmission lines. 7.4.1.5 Analysis of Impact on People's Health (1) The electroma2netic field of power lines and substations will affect human body in two ways: impact to body due to short stay in the electromagnetic field (short-time impact) and impact to body due to long stay in the field (long-time impact) Short-time impact is reflected by hair chattering and shock. The shock can be categorized into two types, i.e., transient and steady. In field intensity of 2-3kV/m. less than 5% of people can feel their hair chattering; in field intensity of 9kV/m, about 20% people can feel stabbing pain. Hair chattering does not hurt the human body but imposes psychological influence to people. In case of discharge energy larger than 0.1 mJ. people will feel stabbing pain, and in case of discharge energy of 0.5-1.5mJ, people can feel involuntary muscle reflection, and in case of discharge energy reaching 25-50J, people will be injured, while that is greater than 50J. people will be in danger. Since the human body is in small size. the induction current is smaller than the perception voltage; however, in case of contacting charged body, steady shock will occur. The level of steady shock depends on the magnitude of short circuit current. In case of short-circuit current of larger than 0.8-1.1mA, people will feel stabbing pain, in case of short-circuit greater than 2mA. people will have muscle reflection, and in case of that reaching 6-9mA. people will be injured. In China, under 500kV power line, the short- circuit current of people is 0. 144mA. that of Jiefang model truck is 2.2mA and that of Huanghe Model truck is 2.6mA. Therefore, the line will cause muscle reflection but will not injure the human body. (2) The study on China's first 500kIN line shows that: transient shock will make the people feel nervous to various extent, but without serious extent: frequent shock will make the people feel psychological burden. uneasy and upset. and the work efficiency will be reduced. Hgienic survey shows that the field under power line gallery imposes no impact to mental development and health condition of the people. (3) A large number of research and study have been performed worldwide including US, Germany. former USSR, Canada and Sweden. etc., all of which prove that the electromagnetic field generated by power transmission and dispatching facilities will not be harmful to people's health. (4) Considering the factors that the electric field decreases quickly as the distance increases, (if the line and substation are close to houses,) the field will be distorted due to the shieldina function of houses (>8.5m), and due to the conclusions in (1) - (3). the power line 88 and substations of the project have no impact on the people in the sensitive areas. (5) The transmission line route is designed to keep away from schools, hospitals and residential quarters and not to cross over houses. therefore. it will not impose impact on people in the sensitive areas. (6) The noise generated by the power line and substation is less than the state standard. neither interferinz the receivinz of radio and television signals nor affecting people's sleep. therefore it is deemed that the noise will not impact the health of the people. 7.4.2 Impact on Cultural Resource In selection of line route and design of substation sites, efforts have been made to keep them away from cultural sources, therefore. no cultural resource will be damaged and no cultural source will be affected during operation of the project 7.4.3 Impact on Natural Appearance Consideration has been made in the substation design that the substations should be built and merged into the surrounding appearance. However, they will unavoidably change the formation of structures in the local area, thus. will affect the surrounding appearance to certain extent. The power line. when crossing over fanland and forest. will have certain influence to the surrounding natural appearance. The line and substations of the project will not influence the appearance of residential areas. towns (cities). planned zones. scenic spots. cultural and historical spots and tourist attractions. due to the effort that has been made to keep the line and substations away from them. 7.4.4 Impact on Local Commercial Activities and Cultural Conflict 100 staff for the substations will be employed by the local electric power authorities. They will be trained before starting daily operation of the substations. Therefore. no employment and cultural conflict will be induced. Consumption of these staff will increase the income of local commercial and service sectors. 89 S.0 Mitigation Measures 8.1 Planning and Design Stage 8.1.1 Residential Area, Cultural Resource and Scenic Spots, Etc. In project planning. data collection. site survey. line route alignment and alternative comparison. efforts were made to collect opinions and comments from the local governments and the local people, aiming at that the power line route of the project will be away from the cities, planned zones, residential quarters and scenic spots so as to reduce project impact on the residents. cultural resources and other environmental sensitive areas. In site survey, substation site selection and alternative comparison for substations. opinions and comments were collected from the local governments and local people. Therefore the substation sites have been arran2ed away from the residential quarters and scenic spots. The clearances between the power line and the houses and other sensitive objects to meet the requirements of relevant specifications. (Within the 60m wide line gallery, within 5m below and from the side conductors. in 8.5m net clearance between the conductors and houses under max. wind deviation, and in casethat the field intensity around the houses (In above the ground) is greater than 4.0kV/m. all th- residential houses should be relocated). The area of removed house for Ninabo-Wenzhou 500kV transmission line is 8625m- and that for Tongbai-Zhuji is 11509 m. The area of removed houses for those substations is 3305 m2. 8.1.2 Traffic According to SDJ-79 specifications and relevant technical specifications on design of overhead power crossing highway and railway, safe operation of the transmission line should be guaranteed. Accordinz to BGJI39-90 and relevant technical specifications on design of overhead power crossing rivers and navigable waterways, the line is designed. 8.1.3 Power Lines and Communication Lines According to SDJ3-79 and SDJ206-87 and other relevant codes and standards, the line is desianed. so as to reduce the impact of distribution lines of the project on 220kV, 110kV, 35kV. lOkV and 380V lines. According to the Permissible Values of Telecommunication Lines against Hazardous 90 Impact of HIgh Tension Line (GB6830-86) and other relevant design specifications and official documents. the standard permissible values of electromagnetic interference, electromotive force of electromagnetic induction and electrostatic interference of transmission lines are designed. According tc the Design Regulations for Impact of HV Transmission Lines to Radio Stations (DL/T5040-95) and other state-issued standards and specifications, the power line is designed. to keep a certain distance from radio stations so as to prevent the radio facilities from the radio noise generated by corona of the power line. During optimization of the line route, site survey was made to the underground cables and open communication lines. Efforts were made to keep the line route away from them, so as to reduce the impact of the power line on them to a minimum extent. Efforts were made to maintain clearance between the power line and ground and other lines as specified in specification and codes. so as to reduce electrostatic induction intensity and induction intensity. The overhead ground wires of the power line adopts steel reinforced aluminum stranded cable with good conductivity, so as to reduce electrostatic induction electromotive force, voltage to ground and noise electromotive force. improve the shielding effect to the communication lines and minimize the hazard and interference to the communication lines. The conductors of the power line is arranged in triangular pattern. and the erection height of the line is suitably increased. so as to reduce the ground field intensity. Optimize the conductor property. such as increasing smoothness of the line and diameter of the line. so as to reduce the corona strength and radio noise. According to the Tentative Technical Specifications of Overvoltage Protection Insulation and Groundinz of Electric Equipment in 500kV Power System (SDI 19-84) and other specifications and codes. the aroundina and lighting protection requirement is satisfied. so as to reduce active power overvoltage, improve the shieldina effect to the communication lines and minimize the induction voltage to the ground. Changing position of conductors (phase separation type position change) and changing the position of ground wire (two times of position change for whole circulation). so as to reduce the electrostatic induction lonzitudinal electromotive force and induction voltage to ground. 8.1.4 Land Occupation Efforts were made to minimize the land occupation for the project (permanently occupied 91 cultivated land: 51.83ha: temporarily occupied cultivated land: 21.97ha) . and the farmland to be acquisited will be compensated according the relevant regulations. Efforts were made to reasonably arrange the facilities of the substations. so as to 'minimize land requisition. Efforts were made to select drawing site with good accessibility. so as to shorten the construction roads. Efforts were made to minimized land requisition and number of laborers requiring employment. For the land to be permanently acquisited, the following measures are be adopted. (1) The existing roads should be used as much as possible. The new access roads should be built to suit the original topographical condition as much as possible in order to minimizte the excavation. (2) The project client defines the area and land type of the land to be acquisited. and then make compensation for the land acquisited based on the laws and regulations. (3) The local governments arrange the people affected by the land acquisition in a unified manner. Except part of the land compensation fee will be directly paid to the PAPs for their daily expenditure. the local governments will carry out training program to enhance the PAPs' working ability. and develop other sectors such as handcrafting. poultry raising. fisherv and service. (4) The temporary land occupation should be restored according to its original use. and the permanent land requisition should be afforested to certain percentage. 8.1.5 Sound and Water Environment According to the desian. low-noise electric equipment will be purchased. layout plan of the project will be optimized. so as to keep the working and living place away from the noise- making equipment. In the design. provisions will be made in noise-isolation or silencing. Trees will be planted in the substation site. the structures will be well arranged in the site. so as to keep the field noise value out of the enclosing walls within the standards and reduce impact to the surrounding inhabitants. Sewage treatment facilities (septic tank) will be set for the substation, so as to drain the sewage after treatment and reaching discharge standard. Emergency oil tank will be set in the substation for treating emergency oil leakage and oil- 92 contained water (oil separating tank and oil treatment device). so as to release oil-contained water after treatment and reaching the discharce standard. Neutralization pond will be set in battery repair chamber. so as to neutralize the acid water during battery repair. The PH value of the released water should be within 6.5-8.5. 8.1.6 Ecological Environment Suitable type of tower will be adopted(ZM,,. Z%. ZM, and position-change type). so as to maximize the distance between towers to a possible extent, minimize the base size. narrow the line gallery. By such design. land requisition and damage to agricultural and forest ecoloev will be reduced. The phase-separation tower(including ZF, HFJ and JF type) is a tower type specially design for this project. which will reduce earth and rock engineering and damage to the vegetation. The tower types used in Ningbo-Wnzhou transmission line are shown in Fig 8-1-8-4 and those in Tongbai-Zhuji are shown in Fig 8-5-8-8. Tower base excavation for 500kV line is rather- large. and a large platform will be excavated for the four legs of the tower base. which will damaze a rather larger area of ve2etation. In order to reduce the impact. varied-elevation legs and foundation are designed to reduce vegetation damage to minimum. According to the landfarm and Leoloaical conditions. in-situ concreting eccentric base with flexibility and adjustment of base elevation are adopted to reduce damage to vegetation and excavation quantities. According to rock weathering degree. various types of rock foundation treatment is adopted. including direct anchoring. load-bearing platform. and built-in type. so as to reduce earth and rock excavation and protect the vegetation. The line sections which have to run across orchards, mulberr yard. economic crop areas and forest. will be erected higher so as to reduce tree cutting and impact on ecological environment. Compensation will be made for the economic crops and trees which have to be cut (details are shown in RAP). Trees will be planted in substation sites. Greening of the site will be carried out in a proper way, making the greening factor reach 18%. According to local climate and soil characteristics, suitable trees and turf will be selected. 8.2 Construction Stage 8.2.1 Residential Area, Cultural Resource and Scenic Spots, Etc. When the construction is carried out near residential areas. construction mana2ement should strengthened: low noise-making equipment from which the Max. noise should be less than 11 OdB(A) shoul be used, or noise isolating,, silencing and damping measures should be adopted to make the noise from main transformers less than 85 dB(A) and that 93 默式r g.Zf&．乙l& 一二一一〕 丑｀一伏切不形州并1一汗斗凋1-&‘平汗一二，州〞來：t。斤中．,，一l―訕辭」二二丫心N，二二：，以．1 (I）。．1廈尸1 110蔥“、！l,,&,,,”·，&1.,\,I().)g會，,,11‘電，,A、一‘,,I&11！闖j&P。”n&，要汝、I」”,&&,&!I一R·”可，! Fig. 8-2 Tolvel-Type Used of Ningbo NVenzimm 5001S Trinsmission linc (2) KA ills 79 lyv 才·k’〞z,,:l,:&1 llvx一一百不一 ；一！。！〔一祺中＀ ! (&）。．,，·I,.,,！、、！.,l、．,,&.，、I』八，l《）叮）g,,,,,17,I，八＼一，,,I&,&！闖｀I,,I,&,fl,,I刃．留．，。，&.,.1怔一R&&！。l Fig. 8-4 ToWel-T3Tc l Ised of Ningbo Wenzitolj 500W Linc (4) 9 S-Sm YM 19 Fig. 8-5 Tower T jpe Used of' Tonighai Zlhuji 500kV Transmission Liine (5) 7 1-70 K YVI IVII) Fig. 8-6 TIwer Type lised of Tfonghai 7lhuji 500kV Trinsmuission Line (6) ~, 500 50 0( 4 6500 I-I5 4m f 75550 - Ii n- --- ZW1 ZMs MlO ZMt 9N, 310 35 IDI 1i 12 V 0 510 11 00l - :i wo, s xo x G æsn XL  Fig. 8-8 Tower Type Used ofVTongbai zhuji 500kV I'ransmission Line (8) .tjt t-| from reactors less than 60 dB(A) and that from circuit breakers less than 80 dB(A). so as to reduce direct impact on the local residents. Control should be made on operation of main noise-making equipment(including trucks). so as to keep the noise impact at night within Grade I standard as specified in Environmental Noise Standards for Urban Areas (GB3096-93). When construction is conducted near residential areas. the construction sites should be enclosed, and periodic water spravinz should be carried out. so as to reduce the impact of dust on the surroundines. Whenever cultural relics is discovered during construction. the matter should be reported to relevant authorities, and the site should be protected. 8.2.2 Traffic The navigation authorities should be consulted when the line section crossing over large water bodies. so as to fix the construction time. Efforts should be made to reduce the construction period. After the construction time is fixed. notices should be widely circulated to inform all relevant departments. During erection of line sections crossing over highways and rivers. separating frames should be set up to make condutors far away from ground and water surface as much as possible. 8.2.3 Water Environment and Water and Soil Conservation In the construction sites. temporary toilets with septic tanks should be arranged. Sewage should be treated in septic tanks before releasing. Stillina tanks should be arranged in substation construction sites. The waste water from production should be treated and reach discharge standard before released, or re-used. After the construction scheme of the contractor should be approved by local environmental protection department. the construction and excavation can be carried. Local environmental protection department will supervise those construction activities. Excavation of bridge piers and abutments for access roads should be carried out in dr\ season, so as to reduce impact on the river flow. Retaining walls should be built on the slope cut to prevent water and soil loss. Excavated material should be used to possible extent so as to reduce spoils. 102 Spoils from access road excavation should be properly disposed. Suitable spoil areas should be selected alon2 the line route. and retaining walls built. The spoil areas should be planted with trees. 8.2.4 Agricultural Production Efforts should be made to use non-agricultural land to reduce farmland occupation. Temporary occupied farmland should be restored for cultivation after construction. Efforts should be made to reduce damage to standing crops in woods, orchards and mulberry yards. and compensation should be made for such damage (details are shown in RAP). Tower base construction should be carried out with careful consideration of minimizing impact to agricultural mechanization. The house plots in the line gallery should be used for agricultural production after construction so as to increase the size of farmland. 8.2.5 Ecological Environmental Protection Before construction. local environmental protection department will investigate construction sites. Once there is no rare animals and plants founded in construction sites. the construction can be permitted to carry on. Efforts should be made to minimize tree cutting during building of construction accesses and footpaths. Whenever rare species of plants is found. the matter should be reported to the local forest authority and the rare plant should be protected. After construction of the drawing sites. the original vegetation or natural vegetation should be restored: and the footpaths in mountains should be restored to its natural vegetation as soon as possible, so as to maintain the original ecological environment. 8.2.6 Training in Environmental Protection The construction laborers should be informed of the animal protection regulations. Hunting and killina wildlife is forbidden. including mammals, birds and reptiles. The management staff of project owner and construction units should be trained in environmental protection law and regulations conceming environmental management. so as to enhance their environmental management skills. 8.3 Operation Stage 103 8.3.1 Residential Area. Cultural Resource and Scenic Spots. Etc. In the areas busy with human activities. signboards should be set for marking high voltage signs and warnine. Relevant knowledge of HV lines and equipment should be publicized in the local residents livine in the vicinity of the substations and line route. (1) Local people should be informed that it is better not to walk in the line zallery brinaing umbrella with metal handle in rainy day or storminz time. (2) Local people should be informed that using metal thread for drying clothes is forbidden. (3)The human activities (including farming activities) should not last long in the line gallery. 8.3.2 Sound, Water and Air Environment Emergency oil tank will be arranged in the substations; oil pit will be equipped for the facilities operating with oil. The emergency leaked oil-contained water will be discharged after the oil is separated from water. Sewaee will be discharged after treating and reaching discharce standard. The acid water from substation maintenance and repair will be neutralized and discharged after the PH value reaches discharge standard. Noise isolatinu. silencinL and reducing measures will be adopted for the control room of the substations to create a good sound environment for operators and to keep the noise impact on the local residents within Grade I standard as specified in Environmental Noise Standard in Urban Areas (GB3096-93). Greeninz will be carried out in the substation sites to reduce dust and noise and make the site Eardenized. The zreenina factor should be 18%. 8.3.3 Land Occupation and Ecological Environment Permanent land occupation of the project is mainly for tower bases. substations and permanent roads. The temporarily occupied land should be restored in shortest time. Farmland should be restored for farming and the house plots are better to be reclaimed for farming so as to increase land for farmine. Efforts will be made to re-planting trees so as to reduce impact on local ecological conditions. 8.3.4 Natural Appearance 104 Efforts will be made to coordinate the layout plan of substations, structural pattern and outer color of the buildings with the surroundings where possible, so as to prevent a visual shock in the surroundings. The line alignment, appearance and shape of the tower bases should be, beside general requirements. in coordination with the surrounding natural scenes. 105 9.0 Environme-tal Management and Monitoring The construction of the Tongbai Power Station Transmission and Substation Project could have significant impacts on the natural and social-economic environments of local area. Therefore. environmental management and monitoring plans will be implemented during construction and operation phrases of the Project to minimize those impacts. Information feedback from the monitoring system will be compared to the conditions existing prior to project construction and environmental standards and guidelines governing the construction and operations. Environmental protection measures may then be tailored to ensure effective protection of the environment and economic benefits of the Transmission Project. 9.1 Environmental Management Organization The owner should set special environmental management and superisory organization in management organization of the Project. because special ervironmental monitoring station will not be set up for the Proposed Substation and Transmission Lines. The main responsibility of the Organization will include: (1) Establishinp environmental management and supervisory organization during construction. The following organizations should take part in the environmental management and supervision during construction: * The forest beaura. environmemtal protection agency. water and soil conser.ac office of those cities. counties and districts impacted by the proposed project * The environmental management organization of project owner * The environmental protection and labor safety department of contractor (2) Organizing and implementing the environmental monitoring unit during construction and operation. (3) Formulating annual environmental monitoring plans during operation. (4) Set up technological files of environmental mana2ement and environmental monitorinz. These technolocical files will include: Monitoring records of polluted sources The files for design and operation management of environment protection facilities and pollution control 106 . Isogram of electro .tic induction electric field intensity within and nearby the Proposed Substation . Analysis reports and measurement data of serious accidents 9.2 Environmental Management And Monitoring During construction. contractor and project owner will be together to consult the measures for environmtal protection periodically in order to resolve the coming environmental problems, thus the impact on local public safety and environment will be minimized and the construction will be ensured. 9.2.1 Environmental Management And Monitoring Plan For The Proposed Substation The management and monitoring pointe: and corresponding investment are shown in Table 9-1. 9.2.2 Environmental Management And Monitoring Plan For The Proposed Transmission Line The management and monitoring points: and corresponding investment are shown in Table 9-2. 9.2.3 Training in Environmental Management Publicization and education and traininc on the knowledge of environmental management and relevan technique and policies will be carried out for the main personnel including those from the electric power bureaus. design institutes, power supply bureaus, substations. construction units and local people. so as to strengthen the consciousness and the ability in environmental protection of the people involved. lt is particularly important for the public to increase the self-protection sense against the environmental pollution.. With these efforts, the public will participate and supervise the environmental protection and management of the project, so as to reduce environmental pollution carsed by the project construction. The training plan is shown in Table 9-3. 9.3 Acceptance for Environmental Protection Equipment According to the Chinese regulation "Management Approaches of Environmental Protection of Construction Projects", the design, construction and operation of 107 environmental protection equipment will be conducted simultaneously with the same activities of the project. The project will submit to the local environmental regulatory agency an ~Acceptance Report for Environmental Protection Equipment for the Tonghai 500KV Substation" Prior to commercial operation of the Substation. The report includes: . Analyze the environmental protection measures implementing conditions during construction . Quality of waste water discharge(after treatment) . Pressure levels of all major noise sources. noise levels in office's room. noise levels at the boundary of the Substation . Radio interference levels with a freouency of IMHz at 20m outside the fence of the Substation . Electrostatic induction electric field intensity levels within and nearby the Substation. and the isozram of electrostatic induction electric field intensity . Radio interference level. noise level. electrostatic induction field intensity and magnetic field level of the transmission lines The contents of environmental managemen, of the Transmission Lines during operation. 108 Tnble 9-1 EniInrnmena MaIngement, Monfitoring and ivestment Saint Milt iion icasoles M miloring, acceptan c, i spection Cost Snpervising Unil _ _Content F_re1cquncy itemiii Unit Tinie ( O iYuan) Noise U use low-noise Cpipnimenl, Contractor (once a Ix1 eqnemax. L.ocal Constrnction 25.0 1,0cal envifoniental stop snh eonih ionito peak period protection bureau c<iipient ring station Dust IJSC l Ie nlos,ng'ence, nlract O nce a Ical nsuc¯i I.c al environ ncnl spraying water imonit monito peak period p otection bureau periodically ring station A gr. ecology I inely resloring damiged Coinlictor Intermeditun Accept A 0ler 5.0 Iocal agriculturaf vegelat ion inspection anud ance construction bureaI and water and siurvey for leai soil conservancy project olfice acceptance Construction Sewage Setting lemporary septic Contractor Once a Col), nom05, Local Constvuclion 8.5 i,ocal environmental tank according to number mnonth SS and colon monito peak period protection bureau of labor on sile, ahd bacills group ring hauling ont or stati -sileperiodically I.and uise Try to Ivse less land Contractor 'Ionstruction Coistruction 2.5 i ocal Iavid burcau stage peak period and water and soil conservancy olice Resettlement -Pay coipevsation¯ i ocali Dring Vnvironiental iocal During 1.0(iot Local goverivment, accolding to Resettleme iuplementat monitoring item monito implementat including People's congress regulation, timoely and nit Office ion of RAP and resettlement ring ion of RAP resettlenent and environmental properly arrange resettlers muethod to be station fee) protetion bureau decided TrainiUng ¯ rain careers of project Projcct fest for lheory Projet litial Reter to Loca I environinlal owner i n environiental owner and and practice owner construction Table 9-3 protection burean and protection, e(Icate contracotr period labor bureau laborers in environenietal \（」｀―나…＀j」―［니」 T.11)Ile 9-2 Management aiid NIoniloii-ing Points and htvc%fmcnf Lille Stage Point Mifigafion Illeaslires klonitol i I 19-1,!ýCC11(1*11 ýe, Inspectioli ost Stillet vising Init Content Unit l f), Yk 1,1 ri) 'lill-le ,R-Oiqc i,)-Ny ilo-i-sé -1-onliacýov ?Ø'C a I,C(l, I,Cqlnax. 1,0cal CollsInlclioll 30,0 Local efivilollilleillýil illoillil moni(oring pen- pei iod profeclion boyeau less - land and -Contractor Co-n-% i rø c -1i o n l it ti c ~rn i e- d i i i -tii tiinely restorafion fleriod inspeclioll avid tentil peak- period Igricultill, , hulcatl acceplance (nr and and ýviter and soil j)roiec( liceel)lilice conservancy oflice A gr. Crops Corlipellsafioll ror Contractor Con%truclion Acceplance Acceplance I jpoll Collipens Local aj,ficulftlfal daninged crops, tituely fierio(l siirvey lealli 111.oiec( al ion borcan res(oring dattinged accer(ance lýa.-C(I oil vegetalion icitiýil Conslnielion Trces Tilliely cornpensafion 10 1,ocýil Coll,,(rllcfiolt Acceplance Acceptallce 1;potl Liqt in«) 1,ocal trallic bliteml felling of (all (rees, frce lýe.sellienie pei iod stirvcy Icaln lirojecl Planting it offier localion lit Office acceptance lioll ror trec felled wild P111115 an Not to (1,1111lge '.Viloli~ýc Confractor colistIllutfoll 6,0 1,Ocal forest animal pcl iod and envirønnlellfal lirolectioll billeall Lirte crossing consulling ývilli local (,ofllfýictor Consti-nction 8.0 Local government, friffilc departilletil to 1ix per iod PeopIc's cotigte-,s consiructiori tinte for lille mid ertvirønnlental Sections erossiiig roads and prolectiort l)iire.iii Relics and scene Keeli aýviy cultural avid Designer construcliort 11.0 Local tc.lics ind historical relics and tourist ;ill(] period tolirist iltr,ieliort conlIrictor 1(1111 inisti-nt ion Reseteimnill Keep away flom Designer To be dc:ded L Duiog 7.e(no oca govllmlenfi residtiali area by using and local bacd on il oliil i ng impleilenal iniclding and envionental angle lower, tiiely reseilleien ieseiilciiic t sanonn ion i RAP iesettlemile i)iolectioi buicau relocition and 0 olice mlllbold a tec) comlipensation and resetilemien, l y to rediice land use før lower base Tiaining lain roject owIle in IIroject colsI ra iinli oj lect Ct rulls ictiol Refei to Local labor bureau eiiviieiiniiiiiial piotection, owlier and per iod wIler plei iod I a ble 9-3 eduicate local resideints in coitraclor enviionmenial knowledge and l-ws Noise Keeping ite linle away Project Once a year ILCei, LeqaNlx I ocal laitial slage List ilo Local environmieilal fli om residenial il cs ki v wner mnilo ing o ei ai operation prolecdion bmiie au thie comse ofdesiga_st__io Electric field Field strenghi requirie)ent lrojecl One time [letIosatic MIieowave lIotua! slage I is ilnto Local eivironiiiteital considered in design, owner alter indution 1<cstarch of operatioll p oject proteclion bui cau shielding adopled, opei linn el omagetic Iiislitlle olf inlvestmllenC triaulgilar al ralgemelit lied in tlle /iejiang ( or adoplted to iedice giottiid s1ggl iii(i NdMdictil olle[ ii(ion lield stienuigthi 1>11 imiall dielliols Iliversity cost pItat l oi 2 p)oiliis illdel Ille transm issionlille-- Line crossing Tlafic safely coi)sidered in Ploject Olle finke fø Li ito¯ L ocal li affic bluiau design, silitciellt safety Ownlier ilis1Ctioll ploject eleai ance of liines allet investmuel) consideied in design opeali_l n Tlailling Train ca etrs of project Project Olnce afer I>i oject befol e Refer to I ocal elvironlieital (w)nier in leivioilineil i owier opktonef opIiilti Table 9-3 protectioikk bureau protectioll, edueate and labor local labors inl bureau Snldn_epn y d ilVitililllllil ltiilis hIlllding lIIlI)ofill y Ididi C(jiLiiiioll Thble 9-3 Enlvhillentfal Pr1otectionl TrainingIa ,m Piarticipan s Triining contents P irt icip im ost( ol0 Yll P _____________(No.) t)_ Prolection of Construiolti L.Wildlife holectilon 1.]mv oi PRC 260 Above senior I wo 5.2 n China wildlife and laborers anil staff 2.Water and SNil ('nservancy 1,aw of PRC Iiddle schoo day s aninials, an( water and soil conservancy _______.------.----_______ _ ---__-____ ___.--- ---.-------- Know ledge of Res idenas miby I Compulsory speci en tons relafltig effec tive pIotecdion slated 510 Above junior T\vo 10.2 in Clhim environiental Ithe transmission in Design Specflcations øl iV Power Line limpac on Radio uiddle school days protection line and substat on Station 2. limpact of exlreiely low fiequncy eleetromiagnetic field, cond(litioln and chlannels 3. Noise standard in bthan areas En vironieital Enviromnielntal 3. Radiation etvironient guideline, iadiation monlitoring, 2) Above Se ven 2.1 In Chi na moniiriig elliod profection staff of lequipineiit anld imiehliod teelnlical days subtlation and 4. tlse mectod of lloise detecClitig device second1ary electric power sehool ____ ~company _____ _______--- - 500kV linle Eiv iron mental 5 . npentation Regulation of Proteclion of Terrestrial 15 Abive Foiur 0,6 in Ci ina construtction and managemienit stafT Wildlife teclical days environmental of electric power 6. Iplementation Regulation of lrotection of Aquatic Wildlife seconldary managerment company 7. Imtplermentation Regiul;at ion of Water and Soil Coiservancy selool _ 8. p niennat inn Re gidat ion of Proteion lof Wild lants Environmental Matiaging stafT of 5. IlIRID Opealioial Directive 4.01(0[4.0 l) 17 Ahove Folir 0.7 in (hiina managenient electric power 6. [nvironniental Protection L,av of PRC college days coipany id 7. Method of EnvironmnItal Protection Maniageient for design instiltile Coistruiclion Projecls 8. Notice ef Strengthiening EHA Management for Projects Final ced by Interiatio ial Financiig ilstittitions 10.0 Public Participation The Ton2bai Transmission and Substation project will pass through 14 cities and towns in Zhejian2 Province. The construction of this project could will significant impacts on the natural and social-economic environments of local area. Therefore the productivity and life of local residents will be influenced with different extents. Survey of public opinion were held and some public participation symposium have been held by the owner of the transmission and substation project to collect all the kinds of views and requirements of the public masses. Durin! the route selection and design for the transmission line. there were several patterns of public participation such as demonstration by governmental charge agencies and expertise. interviews with local residents at any time and the other special programs. The owner and the design department have interviewed and consulted with the relevant units to collect their views and suggestions for this project during the transmission line selection. Finallv. the charce agency and expertise through demonstration have defined the transmission line and substation site. 10.1 Public Participation during the Transmission Line Selection During the feasible study. funds collection. on-the-spot investigation and routes plan and selection. the requirements for construction and environmental protection from local covernment charge agencies concerned and local residents have been collected. Such information have been feedback to the design of the project. During the project design. public participation programs are shown as following: (1) During the project plan. views and suggestions for technological and economical problems have been consulted with the local government and its relevam charge agency. In addition. the following content about environmental protection have been submitted especially to Environmental Protection Bureau of Zhejiang province and local environmental protection agencies concerned: . The local current environmental condition . The impacts on local environment by the project construction . The proposed measures to mitigate the negative impacts on environment and the environmental monitoring plan (2) In order to select the optimum transmission line and minimize house removing and sidestep planning zone of townships, scenic sites and cultural relics. public participation 114 symposium have been held in those impacted areas. Representatives of the People's Congress. representatives of the Women's Federation. learned societies and governrmental stuffs from impacted areas have been invited to give their views and suggestions. During the symposiums. the design department have provided several options to be discussed and all of those sucestions have been put into full consideration during the project design. (3) During design. local governments. County Planning Bureau. Audit Commission. Construction Commission. Territory Bureau. Traffic Bureau, Post & Communication Bureau. Shipping Management Bureau and the relevant departments for cultural relics protection from impacted areas have been consulted to reach an agreement for the substation site and transmission line selection. 10.2 Survey Of Public Opinion In order to collect views and suggestions of the public masses for the Tongbai Transmission and substation project as much as possible and for the environmental protection, public participation such as survey of public opinion were held at the substation site and along the transmission line. The main attendee list of public participation is shown in Table 10-1. Forma: for survey of public opinion is shown in Table 10-2. Table 10-1 Main Attendee List of Public Participation Name Sex Workina Units or Profession Transmission line Livin2 Address 1mpacted Zhana GuanE Ronz male Shixiazhana Village in peasant Tonabai-zhuji WangIianin town of Zhu'i Cit% Zhang Qi male Shixiazhang Village peasant Tongbai-zhuji inWanLianjin town of Zhuji Cit _ _ Zhana Hui Yina female Shixiazhang Village peasant Ton2bai-zhuji inWangjianjin town of _________________Zhuji_Citx Ye YonL Zhena female Shixiazhang Villaze peasant Tonabai-zhuji inWangjianjin town of Zhuji City Dina i Mina male Dingshanwu in peasant Tongbai-zhuji HuanQshan Town of Zhuji City Dina Zhong Chang male Dingshanwu in peasant Tongbai-zhuji Huanashan Town of Zhuji Cit\ 115 他＿ 1 16 Jiang Min Hua female Xinchang Couni worker Tongbal-zhL 11 A2riculture Qianao % g casant Tonabal-zhul' Wang (Juana Zhenc male illace in P-11 Tiantai Countv Wana Chana Hua male Qianao Village in peasant Tonabai-zhuj'l Tiantai Li I-an Qun female Qianao Village in peasant Tongbai-zhuji Tiantai Couniv XLTian Bao male Ertailu Villa2e in peasant Tonabal-zhuj Baih-. Town of Tiantai County Xu De Qun male Ertailu Villaac in peasant Tongbai-zhuji Baihe Town of Tiantai Countv Yana Qun Fang female Ertailu Villaze in peasant Tonzbai-zhuji Baihe Town of Tiantai County Zhanc Shu Feng female Eriailu Village in peasant Tongbai-zhuji Baihe Town of Tiantai Count-v Shao Cal Yun female Laozhu Villaae in peasant NinE!bo-v.-enzhou PanqiaoTown Ouhaiqu of Wenzhou City Huana Wei Zhu male Laozhu Villaae in peasant Ningbo-wenzhou PanqiaoTo%\-n Ouhaiqu of W'enzhou Cit-, Huana Da Zhi male Laozhu Villaze in peasant bo-N enzhcu PanqiaoTown Duhaiqu of Wenzhou Civ, - L.- Shan Ye Lon2 male Sunliazhuanz Villaae peasant Ningbo-wenzhou in Henuxi Town of Jinz Count% Shan "e Duar male Sunjiazhuang Vilia2e peasant Ningbo-,.venzhou in Hertaxi Town of Jin2 Count-, Xu Cai Xiu female Sun.jiazhuang Village peasant Nln,-bo-%\,enzhou in Hen2xi Town of 3ina Count%- Tana Man Min male Xidian Villac!c in peasant Ningbo-wenzhou Xidian Town of Ninghai County Tang Cur Bo male Xidian Village in peasant Ningbo-wenzhou Xidian Town of Ninghail Counr Gao Hua Zheng female Xidian Viliage in peasant Ninbo-\\enzhou Xidian Town of Ninghai Count\ Zhe Yun Juan female Huangtan Village in peasant Ningbo-wenzhou Huanzzan Town of Ninchai Count\ _ Huang Yong male Huangtan Village in peasant Ningbo-wenzhou Huangtan Town of Ninahal CounTV Huana Wen Zhang male Huangtan Village in peasant Ningbo-wenzhou HuanLtan Town of Ninzhai County Zhanz Wei Gou male Xitou Village in peasant Ningbo-wenzhou Gaotang Town of Shanmeng County Zhana Wei Jun male Xitou Village in peasant Ningbo-wenzhou Gaotang Town of Shanmeng Count _ Hu Xiong Yinz female Xitou Village in peasant Ninzbo-w,enzhou Gaotana Town of Shanmeng Count\ Dona Jian Mina male XiaquanVillaLe in peasan: Ningbo-N\enzhou Gaotan2 Town of Shanmeng Count\ Dona Jiang Wei male XiaquanVilla[e in peasan Ningbo-wenzhou Gaoiang Town of Shanmeng Count Dong Yang male XiaquanVillage in peasant Ningbo-wxenzhou Gaotang Town of Shanmenz Count- Liu Fan2 female Wenjiaao in Linghai peasant Ningbo-11enzhou City Wen Jia Lianc male Wenjiaao in Linghai peasant Ningbo~wenzhou City Ye Qing Hong female Wenjiaao in Linghai peasant Ningbo-wenzhou City -: 난 1 19 ývlen£ Guo Qinz female in p-,asan- Ton=houxianz of ý,onz;;a Counn li Z11i Hac male Xiaoý-an'ý'illage in peasan, N i n zbc-,.vcnzho u Tonzzhouxianz of Counr,, Li Zhi Lin male MaovanVillaze in peasa,ý- Niizbc,-\ý er.zhou Tc>n,ý,ýouxianE: oil County Xu Gui Silene male Tanevvar, in peasan* i Ninzbo-ýk,enzhou Count i Xu Gui Zhonz male Ta-i£!xýan in Yonzjia peasani Ninz'ý)o-ýý'enzhou CounT Huanz Lianz Fanz femal-, Tan£:ýý-an in Yongjia -enzhou peasan,, Ni-,zbo-ýý CounTv Li Fen2 Vý ei male Taniou ',"illa2e in p-.asanýý Ninzbo-wcnzhou NIeiao of Yongýlia CounT% Li Fa Gui mal-, Taniou ý,'illa2e in peasant Nincbo-%ýenzhou ývleiao ofý,On£:ýia Count,, Shan hui femal.- Tanioi-, ý"illkze in pe.san-, Nin2bo-ý\enzhou NIeiao of Yorg:ia Couni\ Z11U Qion2 female Taniou Villa- in p2asant Ninzbo-ýý-enzhou Meiao ofYozngjia Coun,ý Gao ý'u \lini, rn a i c G ucx; Vil1a2e in Qu\1 P-easan- Ni-.zbo-vi-cnzhou Town Ouaiqij o,," Cit-, Gac, 'ý'u Lianz male Gucxý in ýuxi I Deasan. Nýn2bo-ýý cnzhou Tov. n 'ý)ýuaiqu of G ac, i mal.- i Guo.\i Village in Quxi peasani Ninzbo-\ý enzhou Town Ouaiqu of ýý'enzhou Zhanz Yu Chanz male in Panqiao p-,asan-. Ninzbo-,,,ýenzhou Tov,-r IKe=hou Cit% Zhaný: Yi ZhI femalt QiacVillapc in Pancliao peasan- NinLbo-ýý.enzhou Toýý-n Oualqu of Vý'enz,ýoL, Cit-, 120 Zhu Cun Feng female QiaoVillage in Panqiaol peasant Nin2bo-wenzhou Town Ouaicu of Wenzhou Cit\ Zhanz Xin male QiaoVillage in Panqiao peasan Ningbo-wenzhou Town Ouaiqu of Wenzhou City Qi Fang Zheng male XiaoxixianE in Linghai peasant Ningbo-wenzhou City Qi Wu Shi male Xiaoxixiang in Linghai peasant Ningbo-w\enzhou City Zhang Ying Hong female Xiaoxixianz in Linghai peasant Ningbo-wenzhou I City Ma Wei Jun male Xiaoxixiang in Linahai peasant Ningbo-wenzhou Cit" Ma Chanc Rong male Xiaoxixianz in Linghai peasant Ningbo-wenzhou City Jiang Zhu Min female Xiaoxixianz in Linghai peasant Ningbo-wenzhou Cit_ Su Xiu Lan female Xiaoxixiana in Linghai peasant Ningbo-wenzhou Cit 121 Table 10-2 Public Opinion Name Age Sex Education DeLree Profession working units and post address: A. Choice(please note -\in D) I.The main problem that you think will impact local economical development is Dpo-ver supply Otraffic condition Onatural resource Dothers O don't know 2.The current local environment condition that you know is Dquite good Ogood Ojust so so Obad O don't know 3.The main problem about local environment that you think is Dair Owater quality Odust Olothers O don't know 4.Do you think that the proposed project construction will promote local economical development ? Dyes Ono Ojust so so O don*t know 5.What impact on local environment do you think will be brought about by the proposed project construction? Ocultivation activity Onatural environment Delectromagnetic radiation Onoise Oline construction O land occupation O birds migrating O traffic interference 2 landscape 2 don't know B.Answering questions 1.What impact on society and your family do you think will be brought about by the proposed project construction? '.Please give your views and su2aestions for environmental protection of this proposed project construction. Time: date/monthlyear Signature: 122 10.3 Result For Survey Of Public Opinion (1) Positive support for the project from local residents of impacted areas were obtained. It is understood that this transmission and substation project is beneficial to mitigate the lack of power supply in Zhejiang province and is important to promote the local economic development. (2) Densely populated areas should be sidestepped and cultivated lands occupied should be as less as possible. (3) During construction. trees felled. land occupied. house removed and residents resettled should be timely and properly compensated in accordance with relevant regulations. (4) The negative impacts on local environment should be minimized to a great extent. There should not be av devastating impact especially. (5) The excavation for tower base construction should be filled and the surplus earth should be properly piled up in order to prevent earth erosion and farm land occupation. (6) Guyed tower should be used as less as possible to minimize the impacts on cultivation activity. References Mate ials (1) Electric Power Science Research Institute of Water Conse-vancx and Electric Power Department, translated b% Shao Fanavin. "Electric Effect and Ecolomic Effect of the Transmission Line". April. 1987. (2) Water Conserxanc\ and Electric Power Press. translated b% Shao Fanavin. "Electric Field and Maznetic Field Generated b% the Power Transmission Svsten. Feb., 198-. (3) Technolog Infor-matin Network for Major of Super High-Voltage Power Transmission and Substation. Hubei Province Super High-Voltage Power Transmission and Substation Bureau. '"Super Hiah-Voltace Po%er Transmission and Substation Technoloaies". Total No. 092. Operational No. 82029. (4) Northeas, Electric Power Design Institute. - Electrostatic Induction of 500kV Substation and Analozic Test for the Northeast 500kV Substation". Nov.. 1978. (5) Technolog Informatin Network for Major of 500kV Power Transmission and Substation. "500kV Power Transmission and Substation Technoloaies-. Total No. 117. Hizh- Volta2e-No. 049. Translation Collectinas for Electrostatic Induction. (6) Technolog- Informatin Network for Major of 500kV Power Transmission and Substation. "500kV Power Transmission and Substation TechnoloEies". Total No. 196. High- Voltage-No. 068. -Electrostatic Induction Voltage and Current of the conductor under the Super High-Voltage Transmission Line". (7) Water Conservancy and Electric Power Press. Written by Lan Zhengvu and Ye Jinxin. "Electric Design and Operation of 500kX Substation". Dec.. 1987. (8) Eastern China Electric Pox\er Desigr Institute. "Technolo!y Re2ulations for 100kV -500kV Overhead Power Suppk Line Design". Oct.. 1995. (9) Water Conservanc% and Electric Povier Press. Northwvesr Electric Power Design Institute. "Electric Design Handbook for Electric Power Project*'. (10) Electric Power Plannine and Desizn Institute. Northeast ElectricPolmer Desi2n Institute. "Temporar- Technology Soecifications for 500kV Substation Desizn-(Electric Part). (11) Super\ision & Administration Department of the National Environment Protection Aienc. "Thesis Reports of Symposium for Environment Influences b\ the Electromagnetic Radiation and its Compatiblir '" 1996, Chinese Environmental Science Press. (12) Jiangsu Pro%ince Electric Power Company.. Environmental Impact Analysis for 500kV Yanchena-Huai1 in Transmission & Substation Proiect., Dec.. 1997. (13) Zhejian Provincial Electric Po%%er Design Institute. "Environmental Assessment Report for 500kV Transmission-Transformation Subsidiar% Project for Zhejiang Provincial Electric Development", Januart. 1994. (14) Zhejianz Provincial Statistical Bureau. "Zhejiang Statistical Annual-1997" Chinese Statistical Press. 1997. (15) "1997 Zhejian2 Statistical Annual", Zhejiang People's Press. I 24 Attachment A: Environmental Evaluation Of Electrostatic Induction Electric Field In order to understand better the distribution of field intensity around the transmission line and substation and analyze the impact on people's health. the field intensity level of existin2 transmission lines and substations were monitored (refer to Reference 11, 12. 13)and the correlation prediction of transmission lines and substations was done. 1.1 Monitoring of Existing 500kV Transmission Lines 1.1.1 Ren-Jiang Line In order to reflect the field distribution of transmission line in complicated landform(forestr area), two typical sections in forestry area of Ren-jiang line were selected for monitoring. There were big and tall trees at 35m(Monitoring section-1) and 25m (Monitoring section-2) aside the center line. The monitoring point was set at normal direction in gentle area.(refer to Fig.1 and 2) Monitoring section- 1: Parameters of line: 500kV of line voltage. 17.Om high, horizontal layout. The monitoring point was set at normal direction to the center area of No.314 tower and No.3 15 tower. See Table I for monitoring results. Fig. 1: Relative Location of Monitoring Area 1toWer Monitoring area Woods No35 tower 12 5 Table I Monitoring Results Of Ren-Jiang Line(No.314 And No.315 Towers) Monitorin C 24 6 8 10 1 1 14 distance(m) Field 2.20 2.14 2.23 2.33 2.78 2.89 3.25 3.38 intensitv(kV/m) Monitoring 16 1.8 20 2 24 26 28 30 distance(m) Field 3A3 3.04 2.65 2. 6 1.75 1.16 0.60 0.23 intensirv(kV/m) i _ I Note: The monitoring distance is from the center line to ground surface and field intensity is just the area monitored. as same as the following tables. Monitoring section-2: Parameters of line: 500kV of line voltage, 16.7m hioh. horizontal layout. The monitoring point was set at normal direction to the center area of No.327 tower and No.328 tower. See Table 2 for monitorinE results. Fig. 2: Relative Location of Monitoring Area NO-3 tower 126 Table 2 Mon-soring Results of Ren-Jiang Line(No.327 And No.328 Towers) Monitoring 1 2 3 4 9 11 distance(m) , Field 5.0 5.3 5.0 4.0 3.77 3.0 257 intensitv(kV/rn) _ I Monitorina 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 distance(m) I Field 2.11 1.63 1.1 0.73 T 0.47 0.15 0.03 intensitv(kV/r) Note: The monitoring point is distributed from the phase line (maize field, 2m high) to the place under the huge tree(at 25m). the pole of monitoring point is 2m up the ground surface. The value of field intensity in Table 2 is higher, max. 5.3kV/m, because the pole of monitoring point is 2m up the ground surface in the maize land. As the same situation in plain area, the field intensity in forestry area of transmission line is decreased alonz with increase of distance, and the decadent speed is more faster as more closer to the trees, and is neglect under huge trees because its field intensity is very small. On the other side, the field intensity in transmission line passage is less than the limit of standard (9.5kV/m). 1.1.2 Dou-Huang Line Parameters of line: 500kV of line voltage, 18.7m high, triangle layout. The monitoring point was set at normal direction to the center area of No. 9 tower and No. 10 tower. See Table 3 for monitoring results. Table 3 Monitoring Results Of Dou-huang Line(No.9 And No.10 Towers) Monitoring 0 2 4 5 8 10 12 14 1 18 distance(m) Field 2.1 2.4 2.74 3.09 3.12 3.2 3.13 2.93 2.64 2.39 intensity(k V/rn) Monitoring 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 35 40 45 distance(m) Field 21 .n82 11.59 1.39 1L25 1.08 0.75 0.55 0. 1 0.33 intensit(k3Vm) Based on the Table 3, the field intensity in area of transmission line is decreased along with increase of distance. and the field intensity in transmission line passage is less than the limit of standard(9.5kV/m). 1.1.3 Ping-Wu Line The monitored section of Pin2-wu line is in the territory of Pingdingshan. Henan province. The field intensity near houses is monitored when the line is pass along the resident area. See Table 4 for monitoring results. 127 Table 4 Monitoring Results Of Pin-wu Line Monitoring Space Between Line Space Between Field Intensity (KV'M) Point and Ground(m) 14ouse&Sideline(m) Under Line Near House 1 17.5 8.7 2.6 1.3 2 16.1 4.8 1.7 0.7 3 21.8 8.4 2.0 0./ 4 21.0 16.0 3.0 0.5 Based on the Table 4. the max. field intensity under line is 3.0kV/m and max. value near house 1.3kV/m, which is less than the limit of standard for resident area(4.0kVm). 1.1.4 Ge-Feng Line Parameters of line: 500kV of line voltage, 18.6m high, min. space of 3 .4m between side line to house, 115m from pole to house. The monitoring point was set at normal direction to the center area of No.451 tower and No.452 tower. See Table 5 for monitorin2 results of field intensity and Fi.3 for field distribution and field intensity diagrams. Table 5 Monitoring Results Of Ge-feng Line Monitorina Point None-House Area Around House Indoor On Roof Field lntensitr 2.7 - 4.4 0.1 - 4.45 <0.02 4.2 (kV/m) 128 Fig.3: Field Distribution And Field Intensity Diagrams Near House For Ge-Feng Line Trees 20 (5- Tree Fence 1 ý2 \ide-conduc[-lin,e -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 Distance To cse Poin (m) 1.1.4 Shuang-Feng Line Parameters of line: 500kV of line voltage, 19.3m high. min. space of I0.3m between side line to house. 120m from pole to house. The monitoring point was set at normal direction to the center area of No.530 tower and No.531 tower. See Table 6 for monitoring results of field intensitv and Fig.4 for field distribution and field intensitv diagrans. Table 6 Monitoring Results Of Shuang-feng Line Monitoring Point None-House Area Around House Indoor On Roof Field IntensigT 0.5 - 4.0 0.32 - 3.35 <0.02 1.3rnax.) (kV/m) 129 Fig.4: Field Distribution And Field Intensity Diagrams Near House For Shuangfeng Line 30dn380V PowerSource o \ Building S 25 \ ~2OF Bull ' g 1 2D B 15 )0 Site For Grain Drying 5 U Mow 0 -30 -25-20 -15-10 -5 0 5 10 15 Distance To Base Point B, the Table 5- 6 and Fig.3- 4. it indicates that: 1 ) The field intensit% around house and on the roof is larger than the limit(4kV/m) of civil house standard for 500km transmission line because the monitored field is distorted electric field and the limit value is none-distorted field. 2) The min. distance between side-line and house for Ge-feng line is 3.4m. max. field intensity around house is 4.454kV/m and 4.24kV/m on the roof. The min. distance between side-line and house for Shuanc.-fenz line is 10.34m. max. field intensity around house is 3.354kV/r and 1.34kV/m on the roof. Therefore, a certain distance between the pover line and house shall be kept to meet the min. limit of field intensity when the line crosses over the house. 3) Due to the shielding effect of house and trees, the field intensit% would be reduced to 20-SO% of that before construction of house if the distance from the place to the house wall is equal to the height of house. 4) The field on roof is distorted because the house is existing there. the field intensity of flat house is increased to 1.3 - 1.7 times. 130 1.1.6 Tian-Guang Line Parameters of line: 500kV of line voltage. min. space of 16.0m between side line to house. The monitoring point was set at normal direction to the center area of No.364 tower and No.365 tower. See Table 7 for monitoring results of field intensity and Fig.5 for location diagrams. Fig. 5: Relative Location Of Monitoring Area No.365 tower House Trees Monitoring line House House No.364 tower Table 7 Monitoring Results Of Field Intensity Space between 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 monitoring point and side line (m) Field intensity 0.93 1.24 0.63 0.29 0.23 0.19 0.151 0.10 0.06 0.04 (kV/m) Bodv inducine 11.5 17.7 8.5 3.4 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.1 0.9 current(uA) By the Table 7, it indicates that: 1) The field intensity and body inducing current value is relatively small, that is because of shieldina effect of trees nearby. 131 2) The field intensity of transmission line is decreased along with increase of distance. and the field intensity in transmission line passaze is less than the limit of standard(4kV/m). 3) The max. body inducine current. 17.7 uA. is far less than the limit of standard(500uA) 1.1.7 Yunnan Mankun 500kV transmission Line The electrostatic induction eletric field between N405-N405 towers near the flat surface of Caopu substation in Yunnan 500kV transmission line has been monitored. At the monitoring points. the line is of 4XLGJ-300, horizontal layout with splitting distance of 450mm, 13m between lines and the clearance to the ground is 12.88mm. The measured and calculated space distribution of electrostatic induction at I meter above the earth- surface under the 500 kV Manwan - Kunming transmission line are shown in Table 8 respectively. Table 8 Distribution of Electrostatic Induction at 1 Meter above the Earth-surface under the 500 kV Manwan - Kunming Transmission Line I Electric Field intensity at ()m away from the center line of the power Item transmission line (kV/m) O m 3m[6m 9m 12m 14m20m 25m 30m 40m 50m Measured 5.21 4.91 4.53 5.36 6.46 720 5.96 4 2.69 1.2505 value (kV;m) calculated 5.60 5.22 4.94 5.87 7.15 7.52 6.07 4.05 2)60 1.15 0.59 value (kV/m) I_iL 1.2 Analysis Of Field Intensityv Of 500kV Transmission Lines Accordin to the 7 transmission lines above. the surface field intensity of Ninebo- 1Venzhou 500kV transmission line and Tongbai-Zhuji 500kV transmission line are concluded as followine: 1) The field intensity of transmission line is decreased along with increase of distance. and the field intensity in transmission line passace is less than the limit of standard(9.5kV/m). A 2) Due to the shielding effect of house and trees. the field intensit% around the house is less than the standard even the transmission line is over the houses. 132 2.0 Correlation Analysis of Field Intensity of 500kV Substations and Impact Evaluation Of Field Intensity for Project Proposed 2.1 Field Intensity Monitoring Of Existing Substations 2.1.1 500kVJiangdu Substation Climate condition: ambient temperature, 25.5C, relative humidin 38% See Table 9 for the monitoring results. T'able 9 Recorded Monitoring Results Of 500kV Jiangdu Substation Monitoring 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 distance(m) i_ 2 Field 0.97 1.19 1.52 1.82 2.24 1.12 1.46 1.78 2.46 2.39 intensitv(kV/m) Monitoring 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 7 distance(m) I 1 Field 2.62 1.96 0.78 0.39 1.28 2.32 2.87 2.66 2.2 intensitV(kV/m) 2.1.2 500kV Renzhuang Substation See Table 10 for the monitoring results. Table 10 Recorded Monitoring Results Of 500kVRenzhuang Substation Monitorine distance 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 (M) Field intensity 0.95 1.10 1.21 1.62 1.64 2.11 2.00 1.97 (kV/mn) _ _ _ ___ ____ ____ ____ ____ _ _ Monitorine distance 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 (M) I I I __ __ Field intensity 1.68 1.48 1.42 1.10 0.92 0.85 0.75 0.63 (kV/m) ____ Bv the Table 9 and 10. it indicates that the max. field intensity outside the fence of substation(not the outgoing direction) is 2.87kV/m and is less than the limit of standard(5kV/m). 2.1.3 Recorded Distribution of Electrostatic Induction inside Chinese Existing Substations In recent years. China has done much monitorin2 and analoaic testinc work for electrostatic induction inside 220-500kV substations. As to 220kV substation, the recorded space electrostatic induction intensity is generally no more than 5kV/Nm as to 330kV-500kV substations, the results are: the space intensities of most monitoring points 133 are in the limitation of 10kV/rm, no more than 2.5% points have the intensities of 10-15kV. The max. intensity around electric devices is about 3.4-13kV:m. Table 11 Distribution of Electrostatic Induction inside Chinese 500k Substations(%) Field Intensit <5 5-8 8-10 >10 No. of Monitorina Points Substation 49.6 45.3 4.5: 0.6 2930 Table 12 The Max. Electrostatic Induction Intensitv Around Electric Devices inside Chinese 500kV Substations Name of Devices Electrostatic Induction Intensity (kV'm) Lead conductors and disconnector 10.6 Circuit Breaker 10.6 Current transformer I I Voltage transformer 11 Lighting arrester 10.8 Trap 6.9 Transformer 4.6 2.2 Impact Evaluation Of Field Intensity for Substations Proposed According to the correlation analysis, the field intensity of 500kV substation device is 4.3-1 1.0kV/m and that in device area is lower than 10kV/m. Based on the equipment layout, recorded monitoring results and correlation of 500kV substations, it is forecast that the max. space field intensity in device area will be less than the standardi10kV/m). and the field intensitY at fence area(not the outuoinz direction) or outside the fence will be less the standard'5kV/m). 134 Attachment B Major Participants in the Environmental Impact Assessment Name Oraanization Title Specialtn and background Responsibilit\ Southwest Departmen: Head IBE from Nanjing Meteorolozic Electric Pover Senior En2ineer Ins-itute: specializes in ProJect sponsor. Zhanz Xinnin2 Design Institute atmospheric environment. more report review than 10 years experience in environmental protection profession. Southwest Chief Engineer BE from Sichuan Universin: Electric Power Senior Engineer specializes in analytic chemistr. Cao Heping Design Institute more than 10 ,ears experience in Project Manager environmental protection profession. Southwest Section Chief MS from Nanjing University: Electric Power Engineer specializes in atmospheric Du Xianztina Desi2n Institute environment and chemistr. Analysis Option about 10 years experience in environmental protection profession. Southwest Eneineer MS from Sichuan Union Project Manager Lin2 Wenzhou Electric Pover Universit: specializes in Preparation of the Desicn Institute environment en2ineer. more than overall report 8 years experience in environmental protection profession. Zhejiang Electric Chief Engineer Specializes in Electric Engineer. Pow er transmission Power Desi!n more than 10 years in lines EIA and Zhu Tianhao Institute transmission line desi,n and enzineerin environmental protection analysis profession. Zhejiang Electric Chief Engneer !Specializes in Electric Engineer. Substation Power Desian more than 10 %ears in substation environmental Zhang Hong Institute desizn and environmental impact assessment protection profession and engineering analysis 135