China - Xiaolangdi Multipurpose Dam Project Stage II : environmental impact assessment (update) (Vol. 1 of 2)

CN-PE-34081 E/. / EIA/1997 (Update) for XIAOLANGDI MULTIPURPOSE DAM PROJECT Stage II Prepared by: Yellow River Reconnaissance, Planning and Design Institute (RPDI) for Resettlement office (RO) of Yellow River Water and Hydropower Development Corporation Februaiy 1997   EIA/1997 FOR XIAOLANGDI MULTIPURPOSE DAM PROJECT (UPDATE FROM EIA1992) TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE Table of Contents Abbreviations 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose of Present Study 1.2 Organization of Present Report 1.3 Study Approach at Strategy 1.4 EIA Team 1.5 References Utilized 1.6 Acknowledgment 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Project Concept and Components 2.2 Critical Need for Project and Project Alternatives 2.2.1 Need for Project 2.2.2 Project Alternatives 2.3 Summary Project Description 2.3.1 Overview 2.3.2 Functions 2.3.3 Project Layout 2.3.4 Access to Site 2.3.5 Engineering Design Parameters 2.3.6 Project Economics 2.4 Project Progress 2.5 Resettlement Component 2.5.1 General Description 2.5.2 Progress of Resettlement Component 2.5.2.1 Phase I 2.5.2.2 Phase II 2.5.2.3 Phase III 2.5.2.3 Phase IV 2.6 Environmental Protection Components 2.6.1 Relics Protection Program 2.6.2 Communicable Disease Control Program and Others 2.6.2.1 Communicable Disease Control and Prevention 2.6.2.2 Earthquake Hazards 2.6.3 Environmental Management Plan and Office 2.7 Other Project Engineering Components 2.7.1 Irrigation 2.7.2 Water Supply 2.7.3 Power Production and Distribution 3. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 3.1 Overall Environmental Study Area 3.2 Reservoir and Vicinity 3.2.1 Geography and Land Use 3.2.2 Climate 3.2.3 Air Quality 3.2.4 Hydrology 3.2.5 Geology, Topography, Earthquake Hazard  3.2.5.1 General Geology on Topography 3.2.5.2 Earthquake Hazard 3.2.6 Soils and Soil Stability 3.2.7 Water Quality 3.2.7.1 Groundwater 3.2.7.2 Surface Water 3.2.8 Vegetation and Agriculture 3.2.9 Natural Ecological Resources 3.2.9.1 Terrestrial Forests and Wildlife 3.2.9.2 Aquatic Wildlife 3.2.9.3 Rare and Endangered Species 3.2.10 Mineral Resources 3.2.11 Demography and Socio-Economics 3.2.12 Public Health 3.2.13 Archeological Relics 3.3 Dam Vicinity 3.3.1 Construction Zone 3.3.2 Construction Area Uses by Topography 3.3.3 Transportation 3.3.4 Other Conditions 3.4 Downstream Reverine Area 3.4.1 General Situation 3.4.2 Siltation 3.4.3 Natural Ecology 3.4.3.1 General 3.4.3.2 Wetlands and Forests 3.4.3.3 Taishan Mountain 3.4.3.4 Fisheries 3.4.3.5 Rare and Endangered Species 3.5 Estuary, Delta, and Nearshore Marine Regions 3.5.1 General Conditions 3.5.2 Natural Ecology 3.5.2.1 Vegetation 3.5.2.2 Aquatic Production 3.5.2.3 Wetlands 3.5.2.4 Rare and Endangered Species 4 ENVIRONMENTAL REASSESSMENT 4.1 Assessment Methodology 4.1.1 Approach and Strategy 4.1.2 Data Used in Evaluation 4.1.3 Progressive Development of EMO 4.2 Assessment of Individual SEIs 4.2.1 Introduction 4.2.2 Environmental Management of Dam Construction 4.2.2.1 Introduction 4.2.2.2 Applicable Parameters and Performance 4.2.2.3 Role of EMO versus XECC Safety Department 4.2.2.4 Applicable Laws and Regulations 4.2.2.5 Occupational Health and Safety 4.2.3 Environmental Review of XP Resettlement 4.2.3.1 Introduction 4.2.3.2 Resettlement Planing ii  4.2.3.3 Resettlement Progress 4.2.3.4 Review of Resettlement Operation by RS Agencies 4.2.3.5 Summary Evaluation 4.2.4 Archeological Relics 4.2.4.1 Relics Protection Plan 4.2.4.2 Relics Program 4.2.4.3 Program Costs 4.2.4.4 Program Progress 4.2.4.5 Program Evaluation 4.2.5 Dam Stability against Earthquakes 4.2.5.1 Analysis of Dam Stability 4.2.5.2 Design of Seismosconic Network 4.2.5.3 Network Construction and Operation 4.2.6 Public Health 4.2.6.1 Situation in ESA 4.2.6.2 Health Effects of XP 4.2.6.3 Vector Disease Control in Construction Zone 4.2.6.4 Enteric and Other Disease Control in Construction Zone 4.2.6.5 Disease Control in Region around Reservoir/ESA 4.2.6.6 EMO Costs for Disease Control 4.2.7 Other SEls 4.2.7.1 Fisheries 4.2.7.2 Liandi Cofferdam 4.2.7.3 Water Quality 4.2.7.4 Land Accretion in Coastal Area 4.2.7.5 Resources to be Inundated 4.2.7.6 Landslides in Reservoir Area 4.2.7.7 Reservoir Seepage 4.2.7.8 Reservoir Area Clearing 4.2.7.9 Precious Eco-Values 4.2.7.10 Global Environmental Issues 4.2.8 Project Benefits 4.2.8.1 Flood Control 4.2.8.2 Ice Run Control 4.2.8.3 Silt Regulation 4.2.8.4 Water Supply 4.2.8.5 Surface/Groundwater Balance 4.2.8.6 Electricity Generation 4.2.9 Other Evaluations 4.2.9.1 Environmental Economics 4.2.9.2 Environmental Laws 4.2.9.3 Public Participation 4.2.9.4 Risk Management 4.2.9.5 Environmental MIS 4.3 Summary Assessment 5. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Dam Construction Monitoring 5.2.1 Relationship to Engineering Supervision 5.2.2 Monitoring Activities 5.2.3 Environmental Construction Inspection 5.2.4 Recommended Improvements iii  5.3 Resettlement Monitoring 5.3.1 Environmental Review of Resettlement 5.3.2 Overall RS Environmental Monitoring 5.3.3 Recommended Improvements 5.4 Other Environmental Monitoring 5.4.1 Introduction 5.4.2 Archeological Relics 5.4.3 Earthquake Stability 5.4.4 Public Health 5.4.5 Riverine Water Quality 5.4.6 Reservoir Area Clearing 5.4.7 Precious Eco-Values 5.4.8 Flood Control 5.4.9 Public Participation 5.4.10 Other SEIs 5.4.11 Recommended Improvements 5.5 Summarized Environmental Monitoring Program 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 6.1 Recommendations for Various Implementation Stages 6.2 Enhancement Follow-up Studies 6.2.1 Recommended Studies 6.2.2 TORs for Recommended Studies 6.3 Environmental Management 6.3.1 Organization of EMO/ERD 6.3.2 Assignments to ERD Staff and Subcontractors 6.3.3 ERD Reporting 6.3.4 Expert Panel Operations 6.3.5 Training Needs 6.5 Training of EMO Staff 6.6 Expert Panel Operations 7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 7.1 Summary 7.2 Conclusions 7.2.1 Overall Conclusions 7.2.2 Details on Needed Improvements 7.2.2.1 Responsibility for Environmental Management 7.2.2.2 Expert Panel Restructuring 7.2.3.3 Environmental Auditing 7.2.3.4 Environmental Management for Darn Project 7.2.2.5 Environmental Management for RS 7.2.2.6 Summary of Detailed Recommendations ANNEXES SUPPLEMENTAL ANNEXES (Separate volume = Volume II) iv  NOTES: (i) Each chapter contains its own detailed Table of Contents including listing of figures, tables, annexes, and supplemental annexes. v   LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank CC Construction Contractor CYJV CIPM Yellow River Joint Venture DC Developing Country ECI Environmental Construction Inspector EEMEP Environmental Engineering Member of XLD Expert Panel EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMLG Environmental Management Leading Group EMO Environmental Management Office EMP Environmental Management Plan EPB Environmental Protection Bureau (Provincial) ERD Environmental Resources Division of RO ES Executive Summary ESA Environmental Study Area HSAIs Henan/Shanxi Archeological Institutes IC Industrialized Country IEE Initial Environmental Examination MIS Management Information System MWR Ministry of Water Resources NEPA National Environmental Protection Agency RPDI Reconnaissance, Planning and Design Institute RS Resettlement SEI Significant Environmental Issue TOC Table of Contents WB World Bank XECC Xiaolangdi Engineering Consulting Company XLD Xiaolangdi XP Xiaolangdi Project YRCC YR Conservancy Commission YRCH YR Central Hospital YRWHDC YR Water and Hydroelectric Power Development Corporation YRWHDC/RO Resettlement Office of YRWHDC YRWRPB YR Water Resources Protection Bureau YR Yellow River vi   CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS TEXT 1.1 Purpose of Present Study 1.2 Organization of Present Report 1.3 Study Approach and Strategy 1.4 EIA Team 1.5 References Utilized 1.6 Acknowledgments FIGURES Figure 1.1-1 Environment Study Area Figure 1.3-1 Enviromnental Management Office Figure 1.3-2 Expert Panel on Environment and Resettlement Figure 1.4-1 EIA Team for Updated 1997 EIA ANNEXES Annex 1-1 References Annex 1-2 TOR for Present Report Annex 1-3 Table of Contents for 1992 EIA Executive Summary I . j   CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose of Study and Terms of Reference In 1992 a full-scale EIA report was prepared for the XLD multipurpose dam project, together with an Executive Summary (Ref. 101, Annex 1-1). This was approved by the Government and by the World Bank (WB) and served the EIA needs for XLD Loan Agreement No. 1 between the Government and WB. Loan Agreement No. 2 is now being processed, and the WB has scheduled its appraisal mission for XLD/Loan 2 for March 1997. The purpose of the present report is to update the 1992 EIA report to meet the EIA needs for XLD/Loan 2, including (i) review of actual XLD project performance in carrying out the EPMs (Environmental Protection Measures) specified in EIA/92, including environmental monitoring, with presentation of evidence to show that adequate attention has been given to each EPM/monitoring, and (ii) presentation on how this performance will be continued and, based on experience gained in the Loan 1 phase, how this performance will be strengthened for the Loan 2 phase. The TOR for the present report is included here as Annex 1-2. The basic XLD project and the affected environmental study area (ESA) are the same as described in the 1992 EIA, as shown in Figure 1.1-1. This shows the project location, the affected river waterways, and resettlement areas. 1.2 Ornanization of Present Revort The present report's organization uses the pattern and format developed by WB over the past several years for EIA for major water resources projects in China, as follows: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Project Description Chapter 3: Environmental Setting Chapter 4: Environmental Assessment Chapter 5: Environmental Monitoring Chapter 6: Environmental Management Chapter 7: Summary and Conclusions For purpose of comparison the Table of Contents for the 1992 EIA Executive Summary is included here as Annex 1-3. Each chapter of the report contains its own detailed Table of Contents including (i) Text, (ii) Figures (and where needed, Maps), (iii) Tables, (iv) Annexes, and (v) when needed, Supplemental Annexes. The Annexes are included in the chapter, but all of the Supplemental Annexes, because of their many pages, are presented in a separate report volume (Volume II). 1.3 Study Anproach and Strategy The approach and strategy used for the present study is, not to repeat the detailed information given in the 1992 EIA, but to make use of it for updating purposes, including brief re-discussion of basic background items but with attention focused on the critical issue of evaluating adequacy of management of EPMs delineated in the 1992 EIA, plus management of any additional EPMs discovered by the subsequent experience as also needing attention. The 1992 EIA included delineation of an Environmental Management Plan, for giving attention to all of the designated EPMs. It required (i) establishment of an Environmental Management Office (EMO) to be responsible for carrying out the EMP, and (ii) establishment of an Expert Panel on Environment and Resettlement with responsibility for meeting every six months for the purpose of reviewing the project's environmental performance on Environment and on Resettlement, with a subpanel for each, with reports submitted both to the Government and the WB. Responsibility for proceeding with construction of the project was assigned to the Yellow River Water and Hydroelectric Development Corporation (YRWHDC), and for the Environmental and Resettlement operation to YRWHDC's Resettlement Office (RO). The RO includes a suboffice for Resettlement and a suboffice for the EMO, called the Environmental Resource Division or ERD, as 1- I  shown in Figure 1.3-1. The RO/ERD commenced operations in April 1994 (prior to that the RPDI team which prepared the 1992 EIA served as the interim EMO). The Expert Panel was established in 1994 and made its initial visit (about 2 weeks per visit) in July 1994. Figure 1.3-2 shows the Panel members and organization. The functioning of the EMO and Environmental subpanel are dicussed in Chapter 4. An important aspect of the environmental assessment work done by ERD is to recognize that this assignment given to the ERD represents a very formidable job, actually pioneering in China for major water resource development projects, that ERD's staff and ERD's contract consultants helping on this work have limited previous experience in this type of assignment (hence have been "learners" to a considerable degree), and that the only Environmental Expert available to assist and train them has been the Environmental Engineering Member of the Expert Panel. Hence it has not been possible for the ERD staff/consultants to carry out all the needed work from the outset, rather they have been developing this expertise as the construction period has proceeded. Moreover, because of the lessons learned in the 1992-97 period, the ERD staff/consultants are now in a much better position to carry out the ERD job and to achieve steady improvements over the Loan 2 period. 1.4 EIA Team The present EIA has been prepared essentially by RDPI, by a team comprising members and skills as shown in Figure 1.4- 1. In addition considerable assistance was given to the team by several experts furnished by the WB. 1.5 References Utilized Annex 1-1 lists the references which were utilized in preparing the present report, including background references up to 1992, including the 1992 EIA and subsequent pertinent reports and publications. There include all of the reports made over the past two years by the EMO staff and its contractors and by the Expert Environmental Subpanel. Also included are some of the reports prepared recently at Taiyuan on the EIA aspects of the WB's pending major Wanjiazhai Water Transfer Project, which contain information applicable to the XLD/Loan 2 phase. 1.6 Acknowledgments While the RPDI team has had basic responsibility for preparing the present EIA, much of the information utilized was obtained from the cooperation of (i) other components of the overall Yellow River Conservancy Commission complex, especially the YRWHDC/RO, (ii) the experts furnished by the World Bank, (iii) the EPBs of Henan and Shanxi provinces, and (iv) the EIA Division of NEPA at Beijing. I -2  LIt ,d'-. J. l - - . t IP in I ,i) I.bLobnc.& fi"att tht lkcv WI 14-1~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -I11Lt. ._ j, o , ll ) .s@L t-t f VX9iL'ttil446 - f , v -~~~~~~~~~~~. ~t e'i.'s}1vxLI>3I, \. I, .= . > / ~ ~ ~ .P ;'.a -.. ! p *, -I r 'i t- y. . g sI 7 E t ; , S _A\ //*t ; _Lt~~~~~~~~~ ~ tt1 I II\iI I, ', 1iI{5IM IJ~~ 'AsIII. .-' Ut _ ,  |YRWHDC O Other ______________________ ~~Resettlem ent Comprehensive Management Operations Monitoring Section Section Section Sun Shulin, Chief Zhou Xiping, Chief | Lian Yu, Chief Wang Keli . Zhang Yinglai Chen Yourong | XieXinfang |Xiao Jinfang | Shen Zhenzhong Cui Hongqiang FIGURE 1.3-1: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE (EMO) 14  | Chairman: Zhang Genlin | bpanel on Resettlement Subpanel on Environment Chairman: Zhang Genlin Chairman: Liu Junde Chinese Member: Chinese Member: Ren Bolin X Lu Shengyie Yang Qisheng Wang Jikui Expatriate Member: Gao Zhiqi Harvey F. Ludwig Expatriate Member: Kerry Connor FIGURE 1.3-2: EXPERT PANEL ON ENVIRONMENT AND RESETTLEMENT, (1) of(2)  Fig. 1.3-2, continued INFORMATION ON PANEL MEMBERS Field of Expertise Position Chinese; _ Zhang Genlin Reservoir Resettlement Director, Reservoir Division, General Design and Planning Institute, MWR, Beijing, P. R. China Lu Shengyie Environmental Medical science Director, Enviromnent and Medical Science Research Institute, Tongji University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China Liu Junde Environment/Resettlement Chief, Resettlement Office, North China Water and Hydropower Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China Ren Bolin Reservoir Resenlement Director, Resettlement Office, MWR, Beijing, P. R. China Yang Qisheng Resettlement/Environment Director, Resettlement and Development Bureau of Three Gorges Project, Yichang, Hubei, P. R. China Wang Jikui Resettlement Senior Engineer, China National Engineering Consulting Corporation, Beijing, P. R. China Gao Zhiqi Resettlement Senior Engineer, Yangtz River Water Conservancy Commission, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. Expatriate: Dr. Harvey F. Ludwig Environmenal Engineering Chief Environmentalist, Seatec International Consulting Engineers, Bangkok, Thailand Dr. Kerry Connor Sociologist Chief Sociologist, Seatec International Consulting Engineers, Bangkok, Thailand FIGURE 1.3-2: EXPERT PANEL ON ENVIRONMENT AND RESETTLEMENT, (2) of (2)  World Bank _| Lin Xiushan Consultanls Project Director ar aXie Xinfang I ( XLDYEcA Team Lead r (H) Ji og Dong Hongxia DnZian Yu Bin Zhang Hongan ToZen | Yao-Ton.gshan Chao Xu WagJcag| Shcn Zhengzhong] Wang XiaofengI Environmentall Geohgy Engineering Eomis clgy Hydrology Gegaphy | Pdlg utrlRlc ae ult Public Health lResettlement (H)l Participsatng Agencies: (A) YRWHDCRO (E) Henan Provincial Archeological Bureau (B) Yellow River Water Protection Institute .(F) RPDI General Geological Prospecting Team (C) Yellow River Central Hospital (G) Henan Teachers University Biological Department (D) YRCC Yellow River Engineering Bureau (H) RPDC Planning Department Note: (i) See attachment for information on tearn member; (ii) Study lTime Frame: EIA prepared during period 10 December, 1996 to 22 February, 1997. Figure 1.4 - 1: PROJECT TEAM FOR ELA/1997, (I) of (2)  Fig. 1.4 - 1, continued INFORMATION ON TEAM MEMBERS Years of Academic Professional Name Degree Field of Expertise Experience Assignment Shan Yuming Bachelor Geography 19 General Coordination Xie Xinfang Bachelor Water/Soil Conservancy 21 General Coordination and Preparation of Chapters 1, 2 and 6 of Report Jia Dong Bachelor Environmental Geology 10 Preparation of Sections 4.4 and 4.5 of Report Dong Hongxia Bachelor Environmental Engineering 7 Preparation of Section 4.12 of Report Ding Zixian Bachelor Economics 30 Preparation of Chapter 3 and Sections 4.3 and 4.7 of Report Yu Bin Bachelor Ecology 9 Preparation of Chapter 5 of Report Zhang Hongan Bachelor Hydrology 17 Preparation of Sections 4.1 0 and 4.1 1 of Report Tao Zhen Master Geography 10 Preparation of Sections 4..2.2, 4.1, 4.6 and 4.8 of Report Yao Tongshan Master Pedology 15 Preparation of Sections 4.2.1 and 4.9 of Report Chao Xu Bachelor Cultural Relics 12 Preparation of Section 4.2.3 of Report Wang Jichang Bachelor Water Quality 9 Preparation of Sections 4.10 of Report Shen Zhenzhong Bachelor Public Health 10 Preparation of Section 4.2.4 of Report Wang Xiaofeng Bachelor Resettlement 19 Preparation of Section 4.2.2 of Report Fieure 1.4 - 1: PROJECT TEAM FOR ELA/1997. (2) of (2)  ANNEX 1-1 REFERENCES UTILIZED A/l-1/1  ANNEX 1-1 REFERENCES UTILIZED 100 SERIES: XLD/ENVIRONMENT BACKGROUND REPORTS 101 "EIA for XLD", by RPDI/CIPM Yellow River Joint Venture (Canada), 1992, Main Report. In addition RPDI prepared numerous supplementary reports (in Chinese) on various aspects of the XLD/EIA (Numbers, 101.1, etc.). 102 "Staff Appraisal Report, China, Xiaolangdi Multipurpose Project, No. 12329-CHA, World Bank, 25 March 1994" (Main Report), with supplemental reports as follows: 102.1 "Xiaolangdi EIA Executive Summary". 102.2 "Xiaolangdi Resettlement Project". 103 "EIA for XLD" (Chinese) by RPDI, 1992. 104 "Report on EIA Training Project for NEPA, PRC, Phase I", by Seatec International for ADB/NEPA, 1992, Main Report, with supplemental volumes: 104.1 Critiques for EIAs for selected Projects in China. 104.2 EIA Training Modules" (Series of 16 modules). 105 Reports of Environmental Etig1neering Member of Panel of Expert Consultants, established for guiding RPDI on project's design aspects, for Panel meetings as follows: 105.1 Report of April 1991. 105.2 Report of Feb. 1992. 200 SERIES: XLD ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS SINCE ESTABLISHMENT OF EXPERT PANEL FOR ENVIRONMENT AND RESETTLEMENT (1994 TO DATE) 201 Reports of Environmental Engineering Membetof XLD Panel of Experts for advising RO on Environment and Resettlement for XLD Construction Stage (meeting every 6 months for period 1994-2001) 201.1 Report for Panel Visit of 13-25 July 1994. 201.2 Report for Panel Visit of 19-26 March 1995. 201.3 Report for Panel Visit of 3-11 Sept. 1995. 201.4 Report for Panel Visit of 14-27 April 1996. 201.5 Report for Panel Visit of 3-15 Oct. 1996. 202 Reports by Sociologist Member (Dr. K. Connor) of XLD Panel of Experts for Advising RO on Environment and Resettlement: 202.1 Report for Panel Visit of July 1994. 202.2 Report for Panel Visit of March 1995. 202.3 Report for Panel Visit of Sept. 1995. 202.4 Report for Panel Visit of April 1996. 202.5 Report for Panel Visit of Oct. 1996. 203 Environment Protection Progress Reports, by YRWHDCRO/ERD: 203.1 Environment Protection Progress Report by ERD, March 1995. 203.2 Environment Protection Progress Report by ERD, Sept. 1995. 203.3 Environment Protection Progress Report by ERD, April 1996. 203.4 Environment Protection Progress Report by ERD, Oct. 1996. 204 Environment Monitoring Reports by Water Resources Protection Institute/(WRPI): 204.1 Report No. 1, July 1994. 204.2 Report No.2, March 1995. 204.3 Report No.3, Aug. 1995. 204.4 Report No.4, May 1996. 204.5 Report No.5, Sept. 1996. 205 Environment Supervision Reports by RPDI: 205.1 Report No. 1, March 1995. 205.2 Report No.2, Aug. 1995. 205.3 Report No.3, May 1996. All-1/2  205.4 Report No.4, Sept. 1996. 206 Reports on Rats Killing in Construction Area by Yellow River Central Hospital (YRCH): 206.1 ReportNo.1, April 1995. 206.2 Report No.2, Nov. 1995. 206.3 Report No.3, May 1996. 207 Reports on Mosquito and Fly Killing in construction Area by YRCH: 207.1 Report No. 1, Aug. 1995. 207.2 Report No. 2, Aug. 1996. 208 "Investigation Report on Communicable Diseases in Reservoir Area", by YRCH, Sept. 1996. 209 "Monitoring Report on Well Water Quality in Resettlement Villages from Reservoir Area", by YRWRPB, Sept. 1996. 210 "Environment Management Handbook for Construction Period", by RPDI and RED, April 1995. 211 "Implementation of Environment Supervision", by RPDI and RED, July 1995. 212 "Environment Protection Plan for XLD Project", by RPDI, Feb. 1995. 213 "Implementation Plan for Environment Protection for XLD Project", by RPDI, Dec. 1995. 214 "Stage Report on Relics Protection in First Half year of 1996", by Henan Provincial Archeological Relics Protection Bureau, Aug. 1996. 215 "How to Properly Carry Out Safety Management in XLD Project", by Safety Department, XECC, Oct. 1996. 216 "Handbook of Environmental Laws Applicable to XP", by RPDI for RO/ERD, 1994 217 Letter of XECC Safety Department (Mr. Yao Zhilin) to Construction Contractors, dated 25 Dec. 1996, "Notice on Submittal of Monthly Report of Environment" 300 SERIES: OTHER DOCUMENTS 301 "Tender Documents for Lot 2, Intake, Tunnels and Spillway, Contract XLD-IC-2, Volume 1, Instructions and Conditions, XLD Multipurpose Dam Project", by RPDI/YRCC/CIPM, Jan. 1993. 302 Reports by H. Ludwig/Xie Qingtao for Wanjiazhai Water Transfer Project (for World Bank): 302.1 "Environmental Handbook for Construction Contractors", Oct. 96 302.2 "Environmental Protection Rules for Construction Contractors", Oct. 96 302.3 "Environmental Laws/Regulations of PRC Applicable to Major Water Resources Development Projects" 303 "Environmental Assessment Sourcebook", WB, 1991-1993: General WB Guidelines for Preparing EIA 304 "EIA for XLD Yellow River Multi-Purpose Economic-cum-Environmental Improvement Project", Environmentalist (U.K), 1995 305 "ETA for Wangjiazhai Water Transfer Project", Yellow River Development Project for NEPA/World Bank, 1996. 305.1 "Executive Summary" A/1-1/3   ANNEX 1-2 TOR FOR XLD/EIA/1997 A/I-2/1  ANNEX 1-2 TOR FOR XLD/EIA11997 (Memo of 17 Jan 97 from D. Gunaratnum to Wang Xianru) UPDATE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT The Environmental Impact Assessment must be updated. The updated EIA will require the following: (a) Background and Project Description (b) Environment Summary of the Reservoir and Affected Areas (Reservoir Area, Downstream Area, Estuary and Delta Area). Revisions to information presented in original EIA. There should be a detailed description of the worsening of downstream drying of the Yellow River towards the delta and most recent flood damage to farm fields and infrastructure within the dikes due to high sediment flows in 1992-1996 (c) Environmental Assessment and Protection Measures (summarized) and Changes in Present Assessment. (i) Dam stability against earthquakes (stability analysis should be updated based on the information collected from the seismometers installed on site) (ii) Resettlement (updated resettlement reports and plans - See No. 3 below) (iii) Archeological Relics (updated findings on archeological relics unearthed in 1994-1996) (iv) Public Health - revised report on: the situation in the study area; Health effects of project in dam site and environs and resettlement sites and revised report based on 1993-1996 data on public health, vector control and sanitation program (d) Other Environmental Issues Updated: (i) Fisheries -riverine, estuary, coastal and reservoir; (ii) water quality (based on water quality data collected 1992-1996; (iii) land accretion in coastal area; (iv) land slide in reservoir areas (v) reservoir seepage (based on geological information collected during construction); (vi) reservoir area clearing ( based on latest information collected from coffer dam reservoir clearing); (vii) rare species and special habitats (viii) condition of wetlands (e) Construction Stage Impacts updated based on information collected 1993-1996 (i) Impacts on construction site (1993-1996 data should be presented): a. air, water and land quality impacts (monthly measurements of air, water quality for 1993-1996 should be presented) b. public health in construction sites (sanitation, water supply, vector control, communicable diseases), a summary of inspection records of the Environmental Management Office and Contractors data should be presented c. worker safety, fatalities, etc. (ii) impacts to areas surrounding the construction site a. impacts on natural vegetation and animals b. impacts on rare and commercial species c. impacts on villages around the site (negative impacts such as transport disruption or loss of access and positive impacts such as employment/income opportunities) d. public health impacts (f) Environmental Monitoring (1993-1998 data of EMO and contractors should be presented) (i) Results of 1993-1996 monitoring of construction site and surrounding area (ii) Proposed program for future monitoring (g) Project Benefits and Enhancements: An updated economic analysis should be performed covering (i) Project beneficiaries (projected incomes now and after the project) A/1-2/2  (ii) Primary Benefits -- Flood control, ice run control, silt reduction, irrigation and urban water supply, surface/groundwater balance and electricity, evaluated in terms of 1997 prices (iii) Other Benefits - Tourism, downstream aquaculture (h) Compliance with Environmental laws - Results for 1993-1996 (I) Public Participation for all project stakeholders (Update) (j) Proposed follow-up Studies Al/ -2/3   ANNEX 1-3 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR XLD/EIA/1992 A/1-3/1  ANNEX 1-3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1992 XLD/EIA/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (February 1993) TEXT Abbreviations 1 Introduction A Purpose of Project and Its Critical need B Alternatives to Project C EIA Team and Participants E EIA Scope, Approach and Methodology 2 Xiaolangdi Project Description A Overview B Main Project Components Description and Construction Schedule Project Operation Hydrology C Project Components for managing Adverse Effects Seismic Monitoring and Prediction Resettlement Program Archeological Relics Preservation Communicable Disease Control Project Components for Enhancing Environment Environmental Management Plan 3 Environmental Study Area A Overall Environmental Study Area B Reservoir and Surrounding Area C Downstream River Area D Estuary and Delta 4 Environmental Assessment and Protection measures A Critical Environmental Issues B Dam Safety Overall Dam Safety Program Dam Stability Against Earthquakes C Resettlement Background Environmental Criteria for Resettlement Environmental Evaluation of Resettlement Plan Summary of Evaluation D Archeological Relics E Public Health Situation in Study Area Health Effects of Xiaolangdi Project Malaria Encephalitis Hemorrhagic Fever Sanitation-Related Enteric Disease F Other Environmental Issues A/1-3/2  Fisheries Water Quality Land Accretion in Coastal Area Resources to be Inundated Landslides in Reservoir Reservoir Seepage Reservoir Area Clearing Rare Species and Special Habitats Wetland Global Environmental Issue G Construction-stage Impacts H Project Benefits Flood Control Ice Run Control Silt Reduction Irrigation and Urban/Industrial Water Supply Surface/Groundwater Balance Electricity Generation I Environmental Monitoring Environmental Monitoring as Related to XP Components Summary of Environmental Monitoring Program Benefit/Cost of Environmental Monitoring J Environmental Review of Economic Analysis Project Beneficiaries Impact of EPMs on Project Benefit/Cost K Compliance with Environmental Laws L Public Participation M Proposed Follow-up Studies N. Summary of Environmental Impacts 5 Environmental Management Plan A Environmental Management Plan Approach B Environmental Management System C Economic Justification 6 Summary and Conclusions TABLES 1.1 Downstream Flood Control Benefits of the Xiaolangdi Dam 1.2 Comparison of Alternatives to Xiaolangdi Project 2.1 Main Indices of Xiaolangdi Project 2.2 Laws and Regulations Relating to RS 2.3 Implementation Schedule for Resettlers from Construction Area 2.4 RS Program for Resettlers from Construction Area 2.5 Implementation Schedule for Resettlers from Reservoir Region 2.6 List of Maps Illustrating RS Planning 2.7 Plan for Salvaging Cultural Relics 2.8 Communicable Disease Hazards Affected by XP 2.9 Measures to Control malaria and Encephalitis 2.10 Measures to Control Hemorrhagic Fever A/l-3/3  3.1 Annual Runoff and Sediment Load of the Yellow River 3.2 Geomorphological Features and Land Gradients in the Reservoir Region and the Peripheral Zone 4.1 Salient Questions for Environmental Evaluation of Resettlement 4.2 Compensation Principles for Various Affected Population Groups 4.3 Summary of Socioeconomic Effects on RS Families 4.4 Before and After Situation for Resettlers for Housing/Amenities/Public Services 4.5 Summary of Socioeconomic Effects on Host Families 4.6 RS Impact on Infrastructure in the Host Areas 4.7 Planned Key Components of Resettlement 4.8 Grievances and Avenues of Resolution 4.9 RS Transport Capacity 4.10 RS Planning for Agricultural Production 4.12 Planning of Rural/Town Enterprises and Industrial Sidelines 4.13 Total Compensation for Resettlement 4.14 Summary of Environmental Review for Resettlement 4.15 NEPA Standards of Water Quality for Domestic Use 4.16 Fish Catch in Henan Section of Yellow River 4.17 Water Temperature in Lower Yellow River After Project Construction 4.18 Water Quality Monitoring Requirements 4.19 Summary of Environmental Review for Construction Stage 4.20 Environmental Monitoring Program 4.21 Benefit/Cost of EMP 4.22 Project Economic Analysis 4.23 Compliance with Environmental Laws and Regulations 4.24 Summary EIA for Xiaolangdi Project 5.1 EMO Staffing Plan 5.2 Cost Estimate for XP Environmental management Plan 5.3 Summary Description of Environmental Management Plan 5.4 Summary of Proposed Environmental Follow-up Studies FIGURES 1.1 EIA Team for XP 1.2 Participants in EIA of Xiaolangdi Project 2.1 Predicted Changes of Water Level in Xiaolangdi Reservoir 2.2 Monthly Discharge From Xiaolangdi Reservoir for Design Year 2.3 Organization for Cultural Relics Program 2.4 Plan for Salvaging Cultural Relics 4.1 Typical RS Housing, Before and After 4.2 Resettlement Grievance Channel 4.3 Annual Resettlement Requirement 4.4 RS Schedule for XP 4.5 RS Planning Organization 4.6 Existing Jobs/Livelihoods for XP Resettlement 4.7 Future Jobs/Livelihoods for XP Resettlement 4.8 Organization for Yellow River Emergency flood Control 4.9 Chart Showing Flood Control Action Decisions 4.10 Environmental Monitoring Related to Project Component Activities A/1-3/4  5.1 Ensuring Compliance with Environmental Protection Measures MAPS I Xiaolangdi Project Location 1 .1 Yellow River Basin Map 1.2 General Layout of Project Dam Site 2 Environmental Study Area 2.1 Environmental Base Map for Reservoir Area 2.2 Environmental Base Map for Downstream Area 2.3 Environmental Base Map for Delta, Estuary and Coastal Area 3 Hydrogeology in Reservoir Vicinity 3.1 Mineral Resources for the Reservoir Area 4.1 Communicable Diseases in Reservoir Vicinity 4.2 Malaria in Downstream Irrigation Areas 5 Resettlement Village Site 6 Land Use in Downstream Environmental Study Area 7 Archeological Relics in Reservoir Area 8 Irrigation in Downstream Area 9 Flood Frequencies in Downstream Area 10 Land Use in Reservoir Vicinity 11 River Fisheries in Downstream Area 12 Mineral Resources and Related Infrastructure 13 Natural protected Areas and Rare and Protected Species 14 Vegetation Resources in Reservoir Vicinity 15 Surface Geology, Location and Types of Bank Collapse and Landslides 16 Layout of Xiaolangdi Dam Site Construction Area 17 Main Inundated Components of RS Plan Index Map 18 Main Components for RS Utilizing Host Villages 19 RS Plan in Reclaimed Lands Along River 20 Typical Planning for New RS Village Site 21 Plan Layout for New Host Site 22 New Site Planning for Xiaolangdi Village 23 Site Design and Residence Model for Xiaolangdi Trial Village ANNEXES A Illustrations Showing Xiaolangdi Project B Terms of Reference for Follow-up Studies C Summary of XP Resettlement Plan A/1-3/5   CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION TABLE OF CONTENTS TEXT 2.1 Project Concept and Components 2.2 Critical Need for Project and Project Alternatives 2.2.1 Need for Project 2.2.2 Project Alternatives 2.3 Summary Project Description 2.3.1 Overview 2.3.2 Functions 2.3.3 Project Layout 2.3.4 Access to Site 2.3.5 Engineering Design Parameters 2.3.6 Project Economics 2.4 Project Progress 2.5 Resettlement Component 2.5.1 General Description 2.5.2 Progress of Resettlement Component 2.5.2.1 Phase I (Construction Area Resettlement) 2.5.2.2 Phase II 2.5.2.3 Phase III 2.5.2.4 Phase IV 2.6 Environmental Protection Components 2.6.1 Relics Protection Program 2.6.2 Disease Control and Other Protection Measures 2.6.2.1 Communicable Disease Control and Prevention 2.6.2.2 Earthquake Hazards 2.6.3 Environmental Management Plan and Office 2.7 Other Project Engineering Components 2.7.1 Irrigation 2.7.2 Water Supply 2.7.3 Power Production and Distribution FIGURES Figure 2.2-1 Project Alternatives Figure 2.3-1 Location of XLD Project Figure 2.3-2 Plan Layout of XLD Project Figure 2.4-1 Scheduling for Dam Construction and for Resettlement Figure 2.5-1 Overall Resettlement Program Figure 2.6-1 Location of Seismoscopic Stations TABLES Table 2.3-1 Main Indices of XLD Project Table 2.3-2 Main Features of XP Table 2.3-3 Project Economic Analysis 2-i   CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Proiect Concept and Components The XLD Project's overall plan and its components remain essentially the same as described in the 1992 EIA (Ref. 101). The overall project includes (i) the dam structures per se, including power generation facilities, for which construction is underway, (ii) the resettlement component, which is proceeding to match dam construction progress, (iii) the special environmental protection components, such as relics protection program, disease control program, etc., and (iv) other project engineering components such as facilities for community/industrial water supply and irrigation, for which construction has not yet started. Section 2.3 gives a brief description of the project's major components, which are essentially the same as in the 1992 EIA. 2.2 Critical Need for Proiect and Proiect Alternatives 2.2.1 Need for Proiect While the XP is multipurpose and thus will furnish many urgently needed benefits, its major urgency is its provisions for flood control to protect some 103 million downstream population and the associated settlements, industry, and agriculture. This problem is especially serious because of the very heavy silt load of the river resulting in continuing downstream sedimentation so that the downstream diking system offers protection only against I in 60 year floods and even this system is in precarious condition. Thus the XLD Project is designed to protect downstream population settlements, farms, and infrastructure from the hazards of disastrous floods which have plagued this region for centuries. In addition it will achieve a major expansion in downstream irrigation, will produce sufficient electric power and water supply for supporting urbanization/industrialization and for enhancing estuarine ecology, will contribute significantly to expanding downstream aquaculture, and will furnish additional selected environmental enhancement measures. In spite of the problem of resettling approximately 181,050 people, the XLD Project will not result in any significant adverse environmental effects provided the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) specified in the 1992 EIA and again in the present EIA is implemented as delineated in Chapter 6. The primary beneficiaries of these improvements will be all of the people in the lower basin and particularly the predominately rural population. The Yellow River is the muddiest major river in the world because of the high and continuing massive erosion of the Loess Plateau upstream of the Project area. While the Yellow River has only 1/20 of the flow volume of the Yangtze River, it carries about three times as much silt on an annual basis, about 37 kg/m3. In order to protect the flood plain areas in the lower river reaches from disastrous floods, the existing dikes and training works along both banks must be maintained and raised on a regular basis. The dike system is very precarious because the river bed is raised or "suspended" from 3 to as much as 10 meters above the surrounding urban and agricultural areas. It is increasingly difficult, dangerous and costly to continue raising the dikes because of foundation and structural safety problems. The Xiaolangdi Project is critically needed because, as noted above, the present dyke system protects the flood plain only against floods of a 60 year magnitude. The XLD Project will offer virtually complete protection in the downstream reaches against the I in 1,000 year flood, representing enormous flood control benefits. 2.2.2 Proiect Alternatives The question of project alternatives is discussed in detail in the 1992 EIA. All project alternatives, described in Figure 2.2-1, were evaluated in detail and the project as formulated in the 1992 Feasibility Study/EIA was selected as the most feasible. Experience since 1992 confirms this conclusion. 2.3 Summary Proiect Description 2.3.1 Overview 2 - I  The proposed site of the XLD dam is situated at the outlet of the last valley in the middle Yellow River, 41 km north of the city of Luoyang, Henan Province. The site is 130 km downstream from the Sanmenxia Dam, and upstream of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, with the south bank governed by Mengjin County and the north bank by Jiyuan City. The dam location is ideal to control silt and water flow from the main portion of the drainage area, and the dam site is the only one possible downstream of Sanmenxia to offer sufficient reservoir and flood control capacity for meeting the present needs. Future planning for additional dams on the Yellow River main stem are discussed in Section 4.2.8.3. The dam catchment area is 694,155 km2 , or 92.3% of the Yellow River basin. With the normal pool level set at El 275 m, the reservoir will provide a total storage capacity of 12.65 billion m3, covering a surface area of 272 km2, and involving 8 counties/cities including Mengjin, Jiyuan, Xinan, Mianchi, and Shanxian in Henan Province, and Yuanqu, Pinglu, and Xiaxian in Shanxi Province. 2.3.2 Functions The XP has a number of objectives, of which the most important is flood control including ice run prevention and reducing downstream siltation. Important secondary benefits include improved water supply, irrigation, and power generation. The overall project is an important element in the overall plan for achieving optimal economic-cum-environmental harnessing and management of the water resources of the Yellow River. 2.3.3 Proiect Layout The XP consists of the dam, flood release and silt discharge structures, and water diversion and electricity generating structures. The dam is a rockfilled structure with inner blanket and inclined clay core. The maximum dam height is 154 m, with a crest width of 15 m and a crest length of 1,317 m. The dam includes 3 orifice tunnels for energy dissipation, 3 sediment tunnels, and 6 power tunnels. The hydroelectric plant is underground with an installed capacity of 1,800 MW (6 x 300 MW). A saddle dam with a clay core is placed on the north bank, and an emergency spillway is located north of this saddle dam. The XP requires large quantities of materials. A total of 33.49 million m3 earth and rock excavation, and 42.84 million m3 embankment will be completed during the construction period. The works to be completed also include 16 tunnels of various types and sizes. The overall construction stage will last 8 years (1994 - 2001). The annual average number of construction workers will be approximately 5,480, with a maximum of 8,540. Construction activities will be mainly completed with mechanical equipment with the help of manual efforts. A total of 2,724 various machines will be engaged, requiring a total of 311,830 t fuel and 31,200 t explosives. The peak work intensity will take place in the 4th year of the construction period. Figure 2.3-1 and 2.3-2 illustrate the project layout and key features. 2.3.4 Access to Site The dam site enjoys easy access, with a highway on the south bank accessible to Luoyang and the Long-Hai Railway, and a 13 km road on the north accessible to Liuzhuang Railway Station on the Jiao-Zhi Railway. The site is relatively close to such industrial centers as Luoyang, Jiaozuo, and Xinxiang. 2.3.5 Engineering Design Parameters The main indices and features of XP are presented in Tables 2.3-1 and 2.3-2. 2.3.6 Proiect Economics Table 2.3-3 summarizes the pertinent data. 2.4 Proiect Progress Construction of the XP was approved by the 4th session of the 7th National People's Representative Congress on April 9, 1991. Commencement of the main works was announced by Premier Li Peng on September 24, 1994, and progress has proceeded on or ahead of schedule. By the end of 1996, a total of 22.8 million earth and rock excavation works have been completed, accounting for 90% of the target to be met prior to the River Diversion in October 1997. The focus of construction has now changed from earth and rock excavation to concrete placement. 2 -2  The Yellow River Contractor, which is responsible for Lot 1 - Main Dam, has successfully completed the right foundation excavation and treatment, and has started the dam embankment ahead of schedule. The completed dam embankment totals 7.19 million m3, constituting 60% of the target for River Diversion. The responsibility for Lot II is with CGIC Joint Venture, which works jointly with Ist, 3rd, 4th and 14th Construction Bureaus under MWR, which has overcome various geological, technical, and managerial difficulties, and has completed the excavation and high-slope rock mass consolidation works involved in the Diversion Tunnels, Intakes, Plunge Pool, and Powerhouse Tailrace Channel. The contract for Lot III (Power Facilities) has been awarded to the Xiaolangdi Joint Venture, which has applied a "cross excavation" method to the Powerhouse construction, thus effectively handling problems of excavation and rock support activities. As a result, the Powerhouse Crown excavation and rock cable installation have been completed as scheduled. The upper portions of all the 6 Power Tunnels and the arch of the Main Transformer Chamber have also been completed. In addition, excavation has been finished for the LCB No. 2, 3, and 4 Grout Tunnels. It is now planned to complete River Diversion on October 31, 1997, and the overall project in 2001. Figure 2.4-1 shows the overall construction schedule from 1994 to 2001, including the dam project per se and the resettlement program. 2.5 Resettlement Component 2.5.1 General Description At the design normal pool level of 275 m, the reservoir will inundate 8 counties/cities respectively distributed in Henan (namely Mengjin, Jiyuan, Xinan, Mianchi and Shanxian) and in Shanxi (including Yuanqu, Pinglu and Xiaxian). The 1994 population census indicates that the total population to be affected at that time to be 175,591. The reservoir inundation indices also include 7.4317 million m2 housing, 416,800 mu land including 200,700 mu farmland (48.2%) and 32,900 mu forestland (7.9%), 10,224 km roads, 917.3 km high-voltage power lines, 777.6 km telecommunications lines, and 893.4 km public address lines. Figures 2.5-1 illustrates the overall resettlement program. This shows that the resettlement areas have been and will be available in time to match the needs for the various resettlement phases. 2.5.2 Progress of Resettlement Component 2.5.2.1 Phase I (Construction Area Resettlement) The construction area resettlement, with a total population of 9,730, who originally lived in Jiyuan, Mengjin, and the suburb and Jili District of Luoyang, was completed at the end of 1994. As discussed in Chapter 4 and based on the investigation and evaluation carried out by NCWCHPI and the Rural Investigation Teams of affected counties, both residential and living conditions at the new sites are significantly improved, with water/power supply, clinic, school, road, and other public facilities considerably improved as compared with the resettlers' previous situations. 2.5.2.2 Phase II Phase II resettlement from the reservoir area involves 27 administrative villages governed by 7 xiangs (townships) in Mengjin, Jiyuan, and Xinan. The total affected population is 46,000, with a total of 1.6170 million m2 housing and 119,000 mu land inundated. The resettlement planning was completed in October 1994 and approved by the central government at the end of 1995. Up to the end of 1996, the 16,580 resettlers form 4,478 families have all been moved to agricultural areas where the new sites have easy access, fertile land, and abundant water resources, with more than 0.8 mu irrigated land available for each of the resettlers. Both projection and livelihood are significantly improved. All components of Phase II resettlement are scheduled to be completed by the end of June 1997. 2.5.2.3 Phase III Phase III will involve a total population of 118,985, with 83,066 resettlers from Henan Province and 6,682 resettlers from Shanxi Province. From the end of 1996, the resettlement had been started. The detailed implementation plan for this phase is to be completed by the end of June 1997 and the implementation for Phase III is scheduled to be completed by the end of 1999. 2.5.2.4 Phase IV 2 - 3  In accordance with the requirement of State Planning Commission, the detailed implementation plan for this phase should be completed by the end of June 1997 and the resettlement from the reservoir should be completed by the end of 2003. 2.6 Environmental Protection Components The overall XP includes, in addition to the project's engineering components and resettlement component, a number of environmental protection components, including the archeological relics protection program, communicable disease control program, and others. 2.6.1 Relics Protection Program The middle reaches area of the Yellow River basin is known as the "cradle" of the Chinese nation. There are many cultural/historical relics scattered over the region. In accordance with the results from the investigations carried out by Henan/Shanxi Provincial Archeological Institutes (HSAls), there are altogether 109 sites, 29 above the ground and the rest underground, below El. 275 in the area around the damsite and reservoir area. For the purpose of cultural relics protection and salvation, a detailed drilling, evaluation, and excavation plan has been developed and included in the overall plan of XP. The plan is delineated in Section 4.2.4. By the end of December 1996, excavations and salvation had been carried out in a total surface area of 7,300 m2, including 160 ancient tombs, I jar coffin, and 40 ash pits. Archeological works completed in the reservoir area, as described in Section 4.2.4, include field surveys of ancient roads and canals built during the period from Han to Tang Dynasties, investigation of ancient structures in 4 villages, preparation of 156 drawings, and 500 pictures. 2.6.2 Disease Control and Other Protection Measures 2.6.2.1 Communicable Disease Control Communicable diseases in the reservoir area and the lower reaches of the river include malaria, encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever, enteric diseases, and others as discussed in Chapter 3. As the building of the dam reservoir will change the hydrological condition in these regions, EIA/1992 included detailed assessment and proposed disease control measures. The magnitude and other relevant parameters of such impacts are under continuing monitoring so that necessary corrective measures can be taken to avoid any increase of incidence of these diseases because of the project. Information on the pertinent diseases is given in Chapters 3 and 4. 2.6.2.2 Earthauake Hazards Considering the seriousness of dam failure subsequent to seismic event, provision for dam stability against earthquakes has been a major aspect of the project design. The proposed dam will be able to withstand the expected maximum earthquake in the dam site area, For facilitating seismicity prediction, a seismic network has been established, comprising of seismoscopic stations, I repeater center, and I data processing center located in Mengjin, Xinan, Jiyuan, and Luoyang. The location of the seismoscopic stations is shown on Figure 2.6-1. The service area of the network covers some 1,400 km2, ranging 40 km upstream to 8 km downstream of the dam site. Within this area, any significant earthquake can be reported and the epicenter positioning accuracy can be controlled at 0.5 km. The network had been completed and put into operation from November 1, 1995. The performance of the network over the past years shows that the design is rational, and that operation of the network is reliable and is meeting the requirements for providing seismic protection and warning for XP. 2.6.3 Environmental Management Plan and Office An environmental management and implementation plan is the basis for the success of environmental protection. The XP environmental management plan, carried out by EMO, includes provisions for carrying out all EPMs specified in the EIA, including environmental monitoring and reporting, and provisions for training of staff engaged in EMP operation. To ensure good performance by the EMO, the plan includes institutional and administrative arrangements needed for facilitating EMO performance. 2.7 Other Proiect Engineering Components Besides the main purpose of XLD project, namely flood control, the project is also aimed to benefit the surrounding region and the lower reaches in the respects described below. 2-4  2.7.1 Irrigation The XLD project is planned to support the expansion of the irrigation area by 350,000 mu, in the region surrounding the reservoir, and 30 million mu in the lower reaches. 2.7.2 Water Supply Industrial and municipal water supply in the lower reaches will be improved year by year when the project is put into operation. This will be possible because XP will permit much more effective control of the river flow. 2.7.3 Power Production and Distribution The project includes a power station, with total installed capacity of 1,800 MW, which will supply annually 5.4 GWiH of hydropower to the Central China Power Grid. Such power generation will greatly promote economic and local socio-economic development. 2-5  Name of Project Type of Project Resettlement Flood Control Effectiveness Sediment Control Effectiveness Other Notes __ __ _ __ __ _ Population _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Controls 99% of sediment in lower reaches. By proper regulation, the Achieving effective control of all middle and lower reaches project will reduce the siltation to Xiaolangdi Dam and reservoir 180,000 flooding including ice runs. Effective for 9.5% of flood in negligible levels along the lower lower reaches. reaches for a period of 20 to 25 years, and reduce the siltation by 2.5% along the lower reaches. Xinriao Flood diversion 700,000 Limited flood control for lower reaches, but very little for No sediment control. _________________ ______________m ajor floods. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Lower YR - North Floodway to Bohai 930,000 Considerable flood protection along the lower reaches. No sediment control. Bank Sea Lower YR - Dikes Increase height of Minimal Little, very inadequate. No sediment control. Lower ~-Dikes dikes N eietcnrl Dongpinghu Flood Increase storage of Minimal Linle, very inadequate. No sediment control. Not an effective Detention detention Works alterative. Taohuayu Reservoir Flood detention 81,000 Little, very inadequate. No sediment control. Not an effective altemnative. Desilting in 5 Lower Reaches of YR Areas, totalling 900,000 No flood control. Effective sediment control 25,000 km' Taohuayu to Jiahetan New river course 200,000 to Limited flood protection, even for small floods. No sediment control. _____ _____ ____ 500,000 Some flood protection, but insufficient for major floods Controls sediment from Loess Plateau, Not an effective Longmen Dam and reservoir 3,600 alon the lower reaches. but none for YR Basin which produces alterative for immediate along the lower reaches. ~~~35% of sediment to the lower reaches. requirements. Insufficient flood control. No protection for 85% of floods Will trap sediment from Loess Plateau, Not an effective Qikou Dam and reservoir 53,000 in the middle and lower reaches of the YR. Dam is too far resprenting 45% of sediment to the altemative for immediate up in the basin to be effective for flood control. lower reaches. requirements. Water and Soil Water and soil Loss This is long-range program requiring ConservancyFcontrol on Loess Minimal No flood control. I AT TO toLe cOJET Plateau FIGURE 2.2-1: COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES TO XIAOLANGDI PROJECT  I .A I.. ., !.,*- I~. .. .. . . -.-:LYATCN:h .J 3.c-.. , :  I7tg