Ukraine - Sevastopol Heat Supply Project : environmental review

AF-ENERGlKoNsuLT SEVTEPLOENERGO E-369 SEVASTOPOL HEAT SUPPLY CONSULTANCY REPORT 5 Environmental Review May 1997 AF-Energikonsult Stockholm AB AF-Energikonsult Syd AB Box 8133 Stensjigatan 3 S-104 20 Stockholm S-217 65 Malm6 Sweden Sweden KPMG Management Consulting AB, Sweden Tebodin Ukraine  Sevastopol Heat Supply Consultancy Page 1 (1) Report 5, Heat Distribution and Substations Appendix 5.2. May 26, 1997 Appendix 5.2: Boilers, efficiencies and emission factors for NOx Type no Describtion Fuel Production Efficiency Nox (mg/MJ) 0 70% 100 1 NIISTU-5 Gas HW 72% 75 2 NIISTU-5 Gas Steam 72% 75 3 NIISTU-5 Coal HW/Steam 51% 150 4 NIISTU-5 Oil HW/Steam 61% 120 5 KGVM etc. 401&308 Gas HW 89% 90 6 KGVM etc. 209 Gas HW 91% 90 7 Boilerhouse 604 Oil Steam 85% 120 8 KVGM 6,5 Gas HW 88% 90 9 KBNG Gas HW 89% 90 10 TVG-1.5 Gas HW 73% 80 11 KGVM-10 Oil HW 85% 120 12 TVG-8 Gas HW 84% 80 13 TG-3-N1 Gas HW 87% 105 14 VK-21 Gas HW 91% 80 15 KCH-12 Coal HW 51% 150 16 ENERGIJ Coal HW 51% 150 17 DE-10 Gas HW 89% 80 18 UNIVERSAL Coal HW 51% 150 19 KRIM 5 Coal HW 51% 150 20 E1-9 Gas Steam 84% 80 21 E1-9 Oil Steam 76% 120 22 E2,5-9 Oil Steam 76% 120 23 ATOLA Gas HW 89% 40 24 GKVS-0,63 Gas HW 88% 80 25 E5D-11 Coal HW 51% 150 26 ELGA-1 Gas HW 90% 80 27 E5-D2 Gas HW 80% 80 28 KS-TG-16 Gas HW 46% 80 29 VITOK Oil HW 61% 120 30 DKVR 2,5 Gas Steam 88% 90 31 DKVR 4 Gas Steam 89% 90 32 DKVR 6,5 Gas HW 88% 100 33 DKVR 10 Gas HW 88% 100 34 DKVR 10 Oil Steam 80% 130 35 RVGM-2 Gas HW 90% 80 KGVM 10 Oil HW 85% KGVM 30/PTVM 30 Gas HW 91% KGVM 50 Gas HW 89% DKVR 4 Oil HW 85% DE 25 Oil HW 85% 41 New Oil 87% 80 42 New Gas 87% 70 43 Roof Gas 90% 70 Sevastopol Heat Supply Consultancy Page 1 (1) Report 5, Heat Distribution and Substations Appendix 5.1. May 26, 1997 Appendix 5.1: Emission factors Fuel C02 He S S Ash Content Dust, air Ash, bottom g/MJ Mcal/ton w-% mg/MJ w-% g/MJ g/MJ Coal 92 6370 1.7 635.4 13.3 0.97 5.49 Gas 56 0.2 0 0 Light oil 78 10000 0.5 119.0 0.02 0 Oil 78 9590 2.7 670.3 0.035 0 Sevastopol Heat Supply Consultancy 1 (2) Report 5, Environmental Review Draft Final . 26 May 1997 1. Introduction Regarding the environmental evaluation the project is a category B project, according to the guidelines from the World Bank. The existing environmental conditions associated with the district heating system in its present state of operation and maintenance have been evaluated. The expected environmental effects of the proposed rehabilitation programmes have been identified. 2. Environmental legislation Emission standards of the former USSR is still valid for Ukraine. There are only standards for CO and NOx emissions from small boilers burning different fuels. There are no standards for sulphur and particular emissions. Larger boilers are not covered by any legislation. Type of fuel Boiler capacity, MW CO, mg/m NO,, mg N02/m" Coal 0.1-0.5 1100 750 0.5-1.0 750 750 1.0-3.15 375 750 Light oil 0.1-1.0 250 300 1.0-3.15 200 300 Heavy oil 0.1-3.15 250 300 Natural gas 0.1-3.15 130 250 Table 2.1 Emission standards (GOST 10617-83) 3. Estimated emissions 3.1 Evaluation of the impact of the existing DH system The emissions from the existing DH system is estimated based on the energy situation 1993 and the emission factors in Appendix 5.1. The emissions are evaluated based on inventory results and where data is lacking the emissions are estimated based on fuel analyses and plant design and operation. Table 3.1 presents the estimated emissions from each district. The fuel consumptions are based on information available from Sevteploenergo. Data is, however, lacking especially in district 5 and 6, showing too low numbers. Sevastopol Heat Supply Consultancy Report 5, Environmental Review Draft Final 26 May 1997 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION I 2. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION 1 3. ESTIMATED EMISSIONS 1 3.1 Evaluation of the impact of the existing DH system 1 3.2 Evaluation of the environmental effects of the proposed measures 2 4. INSULATION MATERIALS 3 Appendices: 5.1 Emission factors 5.2 Boilers, efficiencies and emission factors for NO, Abbreviations CO Carbon monoxide CO, carbon dioxide DH District Heating Mi Mega Joule NOx Nitrogen oxides, the sum of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen oxide (NO) calculated as NO2 STP standard temperature and pressure S sulphur Conversions coal: 1 mg "emission"/MJ = 2,7 mg "emission"/m3, 6 % 02, dry gas, STP oil: I mg "emission"/MJ = 3,6 mg "emission/M3 , 3 % 02, dry gas, STP natural gas: I mg "emission"/MJ = 3,7 mg "emission"/m3, 3 % 02, dry gas, STP Sevastopol Heat Supply Consultancy 2 (2) Report 5, Environmental Review Draft Final 26 May 1997 District 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Fuel/MWh 199 465 455 374 92 901 620 359 180 464 80 501 1 629 064 Nox/kg 57253 151 967 33406 202012 56028 34936 535603 CO2/ton 40289 91 836 19020 125064 38118 22679 337007 S/kg 1 499 897 5213 447 28 333 193 847 230236 Dust, air/ton 2 1 8 0 42 15 67 Ash, bottom/ton 12 5 45 0 235 29 325 Some fuel data missing, especially in district 5 and 6 Table 3.1 Annual emissions from each district in the existing DH system 3.2 Evaluation of the environmental effects of the proposed measures The effect of the proposed alternatives are shown in table 3.2. District 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Fuel/MWh 161 506 305 545 44 890 387 079 337 224 86 910 1 323 156 Nox/kg 45553 100451 11 312 125978 113237 35707 432238 C02/ton 32560 61616 9050 78035 68806 24404 274471 S/kg 116 542 32 279 13 412 184 398 198779 Dust, air/ton 0 0 0 0 19 10 30 Ash, bottom/ton 0 3 0 0 109 0 112 Table 3.2 The effect of the proposed measures on the annual emissions from each district. The fuel consumption will actually decrease in all districts. In table 3.2 the estimated fuel consumption is included for the buildings heated by the combined heat and power plant in boiler house 534, about 175,000 MWh. This boiler house is not included in table 3.1. The annual emissions from this boiler is about 64,000 kg NOx, 35,000 ton CO2 and 125 kg S. In table 3.2 about 40 % of the fuel consumption in district 6 is from boilers where data is missing in the existing DH system. The conclusion is that the different measures will result in improvements in most environmental aspects. The measures include change in fuel from coal to gas or oil, exchange of old boilers, improvements in the district heating system and energy savings on the consumer side among others. The use of natural resources will decrease. The emissions of NOx, sulphur dioxide, dust and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere will be reduced, limiting the emissions of green house gases, causing less acidification and improving the local atmosphere. The amount of solid residues, mainly ash from coal combustion, will decline. The proposed measures are expected to slightly improve the emissions into water. Sevastopol Heat Supply Consultancy 3 (2) Report 5, Environmental Review Draft Final 26 May 1997 4. Insulation materials The handling of new as well as the disposal of old pipe insulation materials are of great environmental concern. New insulation materials will not contain CFC and HCFC. Other commercial products exist such as for example CO2 blown foam and will be used. During the field trips the existing insulation materials have been identified to mostly consist of stone wool (Rock wool) but there are also some asbestos. According to our contacts asbestos for insulation is not allowed in Ukraine. We have, however not been able to identify any official document regarding handling and disposal of used asbestos. The main problem is if the parts that will be repaired or replaced are containing asbestos. When people have to come in contact with asbestos they have to follow very strict regulations. No one should have direct contact with the asbestos or breathe the air where there could be asbestos particles. When it is found during the rehabilitation of the distribution net work and the boilers, that asbestos has been used as insulating material, measures must be taken to minimise the risks the workers involved in the removal of the containing insulating material asbestos. During boiler or pipe rehabilitation, asbestos may be freed and measures for its safe removal and deposition should be taken. These measures mainly comprise sealing off the area with e.g. plastic sheets, providing tight clothing, breathing apparatuses and washing facilities for the workers and thoroughly removing all material and dust from the site and packing the material in air tight bags before deposition. The produced waste should according to Swedish legislation be put into tight packages and locked up in containers marked "Asbestos". It is then necessary to ensure safe disposal or destruction. L AF-ENERGlKoNsuLT SEVTEPLOENERGO SEVASTOPOL HEAT SUPPLY CONSULTANCY REPORT 5 Environmental Review May 1997 Report No: 5. Issue No: 1 Date of Issue: May, 26, 1997 Prepared: AKH, MIJ Checked: GBk Approved: 4 GBk