China - Wanjiazhai Water Transfer Project - environmental impact assessment (Vol. 2 of 2)

*6. . _) (2 IV /7< ,"" l-J4,- /06 /l - -4 / YELLOW RIVER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (YRDP) Taiyuan, Shanxi, PRC E155 Volume 2 WANJIAZHAI WATER TRANSFER PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT MAIN REPORT July 1996 FINAL REPORT By CIRP for YRDP/World Bank FILE COPY   PREFACE   EIA FOR WANJIAZHAI WATER TRANSFER PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS (Note: Each Chapter contains its own detailed Table of Contents) Preface Table of Contents Abbreviations Chapters I Introduction 1.1 Project Background 1.2 Basis for Preparation of EIA 1.3 Strategy and Focus for Preparing EIA 1.4 EIA Study Area and Standards 1.5 EIA Team and Work Plan 1.6 EIA Report Organization 1.7 Acknowledgments 2 Project Description 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Need for WWTP 2.3 Project Components 2.4 Project Construction Scheduling 2.5 Project Alternatives 2.6 Project Environmental Components 3 Environmental Setting 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Environmental Study Area 3.3 Land Uses 3.4 Natural Physical Resources 3.5 Natural Ecological Resources 3.6 Development 3.7 Quality of Life 3.8 Summary and Conclusions 4 Environmental Impact Assessment and EPMs 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Land Use 4.3 Hydrology 4.4 Special Design Issues 4.5 Environmental Review of Resettlement 4.6 Public Health 4.7 Ecology 4.8 Reservoir EIAs  Waniiazhai Water Transfer Proiect Final Report 4.9 Erosion and Sedimentation 4.10 Quality of Life 4.11 Construction Operations Constraints 4.12 Interbasin Water Transfer Feasibility 4.13 Connection Works 4.14 Global Environmental Issues 4.15 Surnmary and Conclusions 5 Water Management and Water Pollution Control 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Water Supply 5.3 Water Pollution Control 5.4 Water Quality 5.5 Integrated Management for Water Supply and Pollution Control 5.6 Environmental Management Achievements in Taiyuan City 5.7 Summary and Conclusions 6 Additional Studies 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Public Participation 6.3 Compliance with Environmental Laws 6.4 Environmental Economics 6.5 Risk Assessment 7 Environmental Monitoring 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Monitoring SEIs 7.3 Summnarized Monitoring Programs 7.4 Monitoring Participants 7.5 Monitoring Costs 7.6 Summary and Conclusions 3 Environmental Training 8.1 Purpose of Training Program 8.2 Components of Specialized Training Requirements 8.3 Proposed Training Program 8.4 Training Program Costs 8.5 Value of Training Program 8.6 TEPB Training Program 8.7 Summary and Conclusion 9 Environmental Management Plan(EMP) 9.1 Introduction 9.2 EMN Approach 9.3 Environmental Management System 9.4 Project Time Frame 9.5 Summarized EMO/EMP Program 9.6 Economic Justification for EMO 9.7 Summary and Conclusions - ii -  Waniiazhai Water Transfer Proiect Final Report 10 Sumnmary and Conclusions 10.1 Work Approach by EIA Team 10.2 EIA Reports 10.3 Significant Environmental Issues 10.4 Xiaolangdi Experience 10.5 Environmental Management Plan and Office ANNEXES Annex A References Utilized Annex B TOR for CIRP Annex C TOR for World Bank EIA Team Annex D Public Participation Survey Annex E Notes on Meetings with Other Governmental Agencies Annex F Interbasin Water Transfer Feasibility Study Annex G Detailed Information of Fauna and Flora in WWTP/ESA Annex H Taiyuan EPB Technical Assistance Proposal  Waniiazhai Water Transfer Proiect. Final RcDort ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank CC Construction Contractor CRO County Resettlement Office CIRP China Institute for Radiation Protection CW Connection works ECI Environmental Construction Inspector EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ELC Electro Consult, Italy EMO Environmental Management Office EMP Environmental Management Plan EPB Environmental Protection Bureau (Province) EPM Environmental Protection Measure ESA Environmental Study Area GML General Main Line IEE Initial Environmental Examination MPI Ministry of Power Industry MRO Municipal Resettlement Office MWR Ministry of Water Resources NEPA National Environmental Protection Agency NML North Main Line PP Public Participation PRC People's Republic of China RS ResettlementJResettler SEI Significant Enviromnental Issue SEPB Shanxi Provincial Environemntal Protection Bureau SML South Main Line SPC State Planning Commission SPRO Shanxi Provincial Resettlement Office SIDI Shanxi Water Resources Investigation and Design Institute TMEDI Taiyuan Municipal Engineering Design Institute TOR Terms of Reference TIDI Tianjin Investigation and Design Institute TVEs Township or Village Enterprises WB World Bank WWTP Wanjiazhai Water Transfer Project YRDP Yellow River Diversion Project Administration  Waniiazhai Water Transfer Proiect Final Report CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION   Waniiazhai Water Transfer Project Final Report TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR CHAPTER I TEXT 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Background 1.1.1 Project Concept 1.1.2 Importance of WWTP 1.1.3 Purpose of EIA 1.2 Basis for Preparation of ELA 1.2.1 History of EIA Studies for WWTP 1.2.2 EIA Assignment to CIRP 1.2.3 Laws and Regulations on Environmental Protection 1.2.4 EIA Technical Guidelines 1.2.5 References Utilized 1.2.5.1 Listing of References 1.2.5.2 Assessment of References 1.2.6 EIA Methodology 1.3 Strategy and Focus for Preparing EIA 1.3.1 EIA Strategy 1.3.2 EIA Highlights 1.4 EIA Study Area and Standards 1.4.1 EIA Study Area 1.4.2 EIA Standards 1.4.3 Enviromnental Protection Objectives 1.5 EIA Team and Work Plan 1.6 EIA Report Organization 1.7 Acknowledgments FIGURES Figure 1 . I .1-1 Schematic Drawing of WWTP Figure 1.1. 1-2 Color Plan Layout of WWTP Figure 1.2.5-1 Evaluation of EIA Data Sources Figure 1.5-1 EIA Team Figure 1.5-2 EIA Work Program PHOTOGRAPHS Photo 1 Yellow River at Wanjiazhai Photo 2 Dam Site of Wanjiazhai Reservoir Photo 3 Dam Closure of Wanjiazhai Reservoir Photo 4 Inlet of No. 4 Sub-tunnel for No. 11 Tunnel of GML Photo 5 Land Requisitioned for Construction Disposals from No. 8 Tunnel6of GML Photo 7 Mountain Area of Pianguan County I -i  Waniiazhai Water Transfer Proiecl Final ReDort Photo 8 Outlet of No. 5 Tunnel of SML Photo 9 Construction of No. 5 Tunnel of SML Photo 10 Fen River Upstream of Taiyuan Photo 11 ELCIEIA Team Members with Officials from Shanxi Provincial EPB and Taiyuan EPB Photo 12 Area of Baimaya, Inlet of Haoshuigoy Reservoir Photo 13 Area of Outlet of SML Photo 14 Area of Zhaojiaxiaocun Reservoir Photo 15 Temporary Construction Site for No. 8 Tunnel of GML 1li  Waniiazhai Water Transfer Proiect Final Reonao CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Background 1.1.1 Project Concept The overall Wanjiazhai Water Transfer Project (WWTP), which has been under study for some three decades, is envisioned to comprise the following components: (i) General Main Line, for delivering water from Wanjiazhai Reservoir to the South Main Line (included in WWTP/Phase I) and, in a future phase, to deliver water to the North Main Line. (ii) South Main Line, for delivering water to the Taiyuan Service Area, including use of Fen River to deliver water to Fen-l reservoir, and Connection Works for delivery from Fen-l reservoir to the Taiyuan Service Area. (iii)North Main Line, including some new reservoirs, for delivering water to the Pingshuo and Datong service areas. The present Phase I project is limited to Item (i) (ii) and excludes the North Main Line. Figure 1.1.1-1 is a schematic drawing which illustrates the overall project concept and those components included in Phase I. Figure 1.1.1-2 shows the plan layout of the V,'VTP in color. The Phase I project will transfer I million m3/day of water to Taiyuan begining in 2001 and another 0.76 million m3/day by 2004. 1.1.2 Importance of WWTP The purpose of overall WWTP is to furnish additional water supply for industrial and municipal use in Taiyuan, Pingshuo and Datong in Shanxi Province. It is a "life" project of the province and also one of the important development projects of the State "8th Five-year Plan". As noted above, the Phase I project is limited to furnishing water. to the Taiyuan Service Area. Taiyuan is an important energy and chemical base of China. As a result of great shortage of water, it is now depending on groundwater over-development. At present, the daily water unavailability is 425,000 m3. Although 225,000 m3/day is made available by means of groundwater over-development, there is still a gap of 200,000 m3. Extensive over-development of groundwater has enlarged the groundwater funnel area in the city from 11.2 km2 in the 1960s to 328 km2 in 1993 and has increased the well depth from 50 m to over 300 m. Up to date, more than 800 wells have dried up and abandoned. Water has been long supplied at a low pressure and even interrupted in a total area of 42 km2, which directly affects the livelihood of 400,000 people.The reconstruction and expansion of a series of large and middle-sized enterprises are restricted by the shortage of water. At the Lancun water source (a major water source), the water availability has decreased from 460,000 m3/day in the 1970s to 260,000 m3/d in 1993. Extensive groundwater over development has caused deterioration of groundwater quality, settlement of ground and surface, unbalance of l-l  Waniiazhai Water Transfer Proiect Final Report the eco-enviromnent, which endangers human health and environment. It is, thus, very urgent to seek new water sources for relaxing the critical water shortage in Taiyuan, and the only feasible solution is to divert water flow from the Yellow River system. The State Planning Commission (SPC) submitted to the State Council the "Submission of Review and Approval of the Feasibility Study Report on Wanjiazhai Dam and W'ater Transfer Project" (Letter No. JNJ87) on January 27, 1993. The submission was approved by the State Council on February 22, 1993. 1.1.3 Purpose of ELA The purpose of the present study is to produce an EIA report for the Wanjiazhai Water Transfer Project (WWTP) as it is currently planned, based on the utilization and updating of earlier studies of WWTP, which will meet the requirements of MWR, NEPA, Shanxi EPB, and the World Bank. 1.2 Basis for Preparation of EIA 1.2.1 History of EIA Studies for WWTP In accordance with th- Environment Protection Law, PRC and the Regulation on Environment Protection Management of Construction Project, the YRDP has entrusted the CIRP with prepartion of the EIA of WWTP (GML and NML) and EJA of the WW7P (ML) which were approved by NEPA as reviewed by MWR. To make up the project construction cost deficiency, Shanxi Provincial Government provided the State Council with Submission of WW7P General Schedule and Financial/Policy Issues Needing to be Solved. In this submission, 150-200 rnillion USD loan was proposed to be obtained from the WB, the ADB, foreign governments or other international financial organizations. In September 1993, WWTP was included by SPC in the candidates for WB loans in the1994-1996 fiscal years. Five WB missions leaded by Mr. Daniel Gunaradnum visited Shamci for the purpose of WWTP. These WB mission activities include: (i) A WB mission which was briefed on the project description on May 22, 1994. (ii) A project identification mission, which carried out an overall review of the project planning, design and construction. Also, site visits were made. (iii) In May 2-26, 1995, the project preparation mission visited WWTP to evaluate its preparation stage. (iv) In October 3-22, 1995, the project preappraisal mission had discussions with the Governent and local agencies about such issues as project scope, investment, works by International and local competitive bidding, tender document preparation, EIA, resettlement, etc.. 1-2  Waniiazhai Water Transfer Proiea Final Report (v) During April 9 to 27, 1996, agreement was reached after detailed discussions between the project appraisal preparation mission and responsible local agencies on joint design, connection works, Taiyuan water supply system, equipment procurement, works by international competitive bidding, water organization establishment, water pricing reform, supervision engineer, EIA, resettlement, project cost estimate and construction schedule, and other issues. It was proposed by this mission to increase the WB loan up to 400 million USD. A project appraisal mission is expected to be sent by WB to complete the project appraisal in September 1996. On the basis of the NEPA Notice on the Enhancement of EIA Management of Construction Project Financed by International Financial Organization (Letter No. H1324 [93]), the YRDP entrusted the CIRP with preparing the WW7'P Environmental Impact Assessment as required by NEPA for WB financed projects accordingly. CIRP established an EIA team, composed of key EIA staff members, as described in Section 1.5. The EIA Terms of Reference for WWTP was completed and submitted to and approved by NEPA. This TOR is included in Annex B. 1.2.2 EIA Assignment to CIRP The basis for the EIA assignment, by YRDP to CIRP, comprises the following documents: (i) SPC letter No. lWZ1682 (93) which included WWTP in the candidates for WB loans in 1994-1996 fiscal years. (ii) Shanxi Provincial Planning Commission letter No. JJW808 (94) entitled Submission of WWTP Proposal for WB Loan and its supplementary write-up dated March 7, 1995. (iii) SPC letter No. JNJ87 (93) entitled Submission of Review and Approval of the Feasibility Study Report on Wanjiazhai Dam and Water Transfer Project. (iv) SPC letter No. JNJ250 (93) Notice on the Distribution of "Submissionz of Review and Approval of the Feasibility Study Report on Wanjiazhai Dam and Water Transfer Project". (v) YRDP letter No. JYZ6 (96) entitled Letter of Assignment for EIA Revision and Amendment. 1.2.3 Laws and Regulations on Environmental Protection The environmental laws and regulations which were observed in preparing the EIA are the following: 1-3  Waniiazhai Water Transfer Proiect Final Report (i) Environment Protection Law, PRC (ii) NEPA letter No. GH003 (86) Regulation on Environment Protection Management of Construction Project. (iii) SEPB letter No. JHI (86) Detailed Rules for Compliance with "Regulation on Environment Protection Management of Construction Project". (iv) NEPA letter No. HJ324 (93) Notice on the Enhancement of ETA Management of Construction Project Financed by International Financial Organizations. (v) Law of Water and Soil Conservation, PRC (vi) Shanxi Regulation on Water Pollution in the Fen River Basin. (vii) Shanxi Regulation on Environment Protection. 1.2.4 EIA Technical Guidelines Technical guidelines of PRC utilized for the EIA include: (i) Technical Guideliniesfor ETA (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93). (ii) Shanxi Specificationfor EJAManagementofConstructionProject or Trial Use) and detailed rules for the implementation thereof. (iii) NEPA Manuals on EIA for major construction projects (Ref. 205). In addition the EIA team made use of the World Bank's EIA guidelines given In References 301 and 307. 1.2.5 References Utilized 1.2.5.1 Listing of References Annex A is a listing of the many references utilized by the ELA team. These include EIA studies made for GML, and SML by CIRP in 1993-94 (References 101 and 102) and for Connection Works by SIDI in 1995 (Ref. 157) The present EIA study. is based essentially on the usc of earlier studies/reports as delineated in Annex A. These earlier studies have produced most of the information used for the present study, and the role of the present study has been to use this information together with new data obtained to fill data gaps to produce an EIA which meets the EIA requirements of NEPA, the Shanxi EPB, and the World Bank. 1.2.5.2 Assessment of References Figure 1.2.5-1 has been prepared to show, for each reference, the information contained as related to the various EIA tasks. The figure shows, as expected, that much information is available fou some tasks but limited data for others. The strategy 1-4  Waniiazhai Water Transfer Project Final Reort for preparing the present EIA is based on use of these various studies to furnish the bulk of the needed information, with additional information obtained by the EIA team from field visits and meetings with various governmental agencies and obtained from various parts of the ELC/WWTP project report prepared on the engineering design aspects of the project. Many of the SEIs involved in WWTP are similar to the SEIs for YRCC's Xiaolangdi project (Refs. 206 to 210), and the methods used by the Xiaolangdi project for resolving these issues have furnished valuable guidelines for assisting in planning of WWTP. This includes environmental management in both design and construction stages. 1.2.6 EIA Methodology The basic EIA methodology utilized for the present study is that originally developed for the Columbia River Project (USA, Reference 302), which classifies environmental resources into the following categofies: (a) Natural physical resources (b) National ecological resources (c) Economic development resources (farming, urban, industry, infrastructure) (d) Quality of life resources (social, cultural, archeological public health, recreational and other values) Under this procedure, the EIA report assigns one chapter for describing these environmental resources, and in later chapters the expected impacts on these resources are delineated and those which are significant (called Significant Environmental Issues [SETs) are evaluated and appropriate Environmental Protection Measures (EPMs) are formulated, working in conjunction with the WWTP engineering team. The EPMs are considered to include (I) mitigation measures, (ii) offsetting measures, where needed when mitigation is not enough, and (iii) environrnental measures where appropriate for taking advantage of opportunities to include in the overall project certain additional components where such inclusion will significantly improve environment at low cost. Other EIA methodology reference utilized include the World Bank EIA Handbook (Ref. 301), and the ADB/EIA manuals (Ref. 305) 1.3 Strategy and Focus for Preparing EIA 1.3.1 EIA Strategy The ultimate purpose of the WWTP is to provide Taiyuan with Yellow River water of good quality such that a new water source will be available which is suitable for both industrial and municipal purposes. Therefore, the EIA has to consider possible project- related environmental impacts and also such impacts on imported water quality. The assessment will cover environmental impacts by the project per se, and such impacts not included in but closely related to the project. Potential environmental effects by 1-5  Waniiazhai Water Transfer Proiect Final ReDort other main works, as integral part of the water development project, will be also considered. Based on the above statement, the ELA strategy is identified as follows: (a) The WWNTP Phase I Project is considered as a whole. In other words, the EIA will cover both project components to be financed by WB (GML, SML and Connecting Works for SML) and those not to be financed by WB (Wanjiazhai Dam, Taiyuan Municipal Water Supply Project, Taiyuan Waste Management Project). The diverted water will be treated to satisfy requirements for industrial and municipal purposes. Industrial wastewater and excreta will be properly managed and controlled to avoid wastewater discharge polluting the Fen River water quality. (b) ELks for most WWTP components, as locally financed works, have already been prepared and approved. However, ELAs for these components have to be resubmitted for review and approval as part of the new EIA now being prepared for both NEPA and WB. Every effort has been made to meet both WB and Governmental requirements with respect to EIA format and content. Issues of special WB concem (for example, water pollution control, public participation, and resettlernent) have been discussed and highlighted in separate sections. A complete EIA covering all WWTP Phase I components has been prepared. (c) As noted above, all valuable back-ground studies have been utilized. (d) EIA quality assurance has been strengthened. Qualified ELA staff have been selected to ensure that EIA participants are well aware of WB/E1A guidelines. and Governmental enviromnental policies, laws and standards. Close association has been maintained with the staff of YRDP, for whom the EIA has been prepared. 1.3.2 EIA Highlights The overall WWTP/Phase I Project comprises basically two components, (i) delivery of the Yellow River from Wanjiazhai to Taiyuan City, and (ii) implementation of a comprehensive program for ensuring optimal use of the expensive imported water, including optimal water use and reuse and use of waste management systems for promoting maximum reuse and for achieving water pollution control including maintenance of acceptable water quality in the Fen River both within Taiyuan City and downstream. The EIA has highlighted both of these basic issues. 1.4 EIA Study Area and Standards 1.4.1 EIA Study Area 1-6  Waniiazhai Water Transfer Project Final Renort In accordance with the EIA strategy noted above, the overall EIA study area for WWTP/Phase I includes these areas affected by Wanjiazhai dam/reservoir, by GML/SMUL up to Fen-l reservoir, the Connection Works, Taiyuan City, and the Fen River within and downstream of Taiyuan City. These areas are described in detail in Chapter 3. 1.4.2 EIA Standards PRC standards applicable to WVVTP/Phase I/EIA, as confirmed by Shanxi EPB, include the following: (a) Surface Water: To comply with Category III (water-carrying river section) and Category IV (Taiyuan section of the Fen River) of Surface Water Quality Standards (GB3838-88). (b) Agricultural Water: To comply with Category n (dryland farming) of Irrigation Water Quality Standards (GB 5084-92). (c) Groundwater: To comply with Category m of Groundwater Quality Standards (GB/T14848-93). (d) Air: To comply with Category II of Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-82). (e) Discharge Standards (f) Wastewater: To comply with Class I (discharged into water-carrying river section), Class n1 (discharged into Taiyuan section of the Fen River) and Class III (discharged into secondary treatment plant in Taiyuan) of Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standards (GB8978-88). (g) Boilers: To comply with Category II area of Air Pollutant Discharge Standards for Boilers (GB 13271-91). 1.4.3 Environmental Protection Objectives The WWTP construction operations will not involve any cultural relics or natural reserves. Although the tunnels will go through Mount Guancen, the forests there will not be impacted. The main objectives include endurance of continuity of the supply of imported water, avoidance of water pollution during transfer, mitigation of eco-environmental destruction during construction and proper restoration of the eco-environment on completion of construction, and improvement of Taiyuan facilities for use and reuse of water (including both existing water resources and imported water) and for management of works to optimize water use/reuse and maintenance of water quality in the Fen River within and below Taiyuan City. 1.5 EIA Team and Work Plan I-7  WVaniiazhai Water Transfer Proiect Final Remot Figure 1.5-1 shows the overall WWTP/Phase I IEIA Team and other participants who supported the work of the EIA Team. Figure 1.5-2 is a summary tabulation which describes the EIA work plan for present study. This show (I) the EIA tasks as related to EIA chapters and sub-chapters headings, (ii) the Significant Environmental Issues involved and the magnitude of their importance, (iii) the project components relating to the tasks, and (iv) task assignment (designation of task leaders). 1.6 EIA Report Organization As indicated by the Table of Contents, the EIA report comprises the following components (produced in both Chinese and English Versions) Executive Summary Chapters 1. Introduction 2. Project Description (including project alternatives) 3. Environmental Setting 4. Environmental Assessment and Environmental Protection Measures 5. Water Supply and Use (including pollution control) 6. Additional Studies 7. Environmental Monitoring 8. Environmental Training 9. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 10 Summary and Conclusions Annexes A References Utilized B TOR for EIA as Required and approved by NEPA C TOR for WB Assistance in Preparing EIA D Notes on Meetings with Government Officials E Public Participation Survey F Information on Water Transfer to Taiyuan G Infonnation on Ecology The Table of Contents given at the beginning of the overall report is liniited to major subject headings. Each report chapter includes a detailed Table of Contents for the chapter, including listing of tables and figures. 1.7 Acknowledgments The EIA team is greatly indebted to numerous governmental agencies and officials, who gave assistance on various aspects of this study. The team is especially indebted to the YRDP, to Provincial agencies, including EPB and AES, to NEPA (Mr. Li Xin Min), and to various members of the World Bank Project Mission headed by Dr. D. Gunaratnam. 1-8  Figurc 1.1.1-1 Schematic Drawing of WWTP DALIANG Rc~~~~~~~cn'nIr ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Fiti- Resennrv.oir ill * _ , I North Main Linc ro jCt : p , H. H.. D ........... DATONG ...................,Scnicc Arne 4 a1queducts QN=22.2m3/s Qc=48 Ls j PINGSIIUO .General Main Line L South g Qs=25.8m3/s LEGEND Line Connection Works (