Morocco - Jorf Lasfar Power Project : environmental impact assessment (Vol. 5 of 6)

RADIAN- INTERNATIONALM3 votS Environmental Impact Assessment Jorf Lasfar Power Plant Sponsored by CMS Generation Co. ABB Energy Ventures Inc. Prepared by Radian International LLC Ak* August 1,1996  * M i 0 1' - I I l  RADIAN- INTERNATIONALBB Table of Contents Execuive Summary ..................... ES-I 1.0 Introduction ........................... 1-1 1.1 Purpose of this ELA ....................... 1-1 1.2 Background to this Project ......................................... 1-1 1.3 Scope of this EIA ................................... 1-3 2.0 Policy, Legal, and Administrative Framework .............................. 2-1 2.1 Requirements of Cofmancers ..2-1 2.1.1 The World Bank .2-1 2.1.2 U.S. Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) .2-2 2.1.3 Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-In) Guidelines .2-2 2.1.4 Sezione Speciale per L'Assicurezione del Credito L'Esportazione (SACE) .2-2 2.1.5 Comparison of Cofinancer EnviroDmental Guidelines .2-2 2.1.6 JLPP "Project Guidelines.2-2 2.2 Applicable Moroccan and Local Laws and Regulations . .2-7 2.2.1 Moroccan Environmental Inpact Assessment .2-7 2.2.2 The Moroccan Permitting Process .2-8 2.3 Role of Moroccan Organizations ..2-9 3.0 Project Description .3-1 3.1 Project Location and Aea Description ..3-1 3.2 Description of Existing Facility ..3-1 3.2.1 Energy Generation .3-8 3.2.2 Fuels Used .3-8 3.23 Air Emissions .3-10 3.2.4 Water Use .3-11 3.2.5 Water Discharges ........................ 3-13 3.2.6 Solid Wastes .3-17 3.2.7 Ancilary Facilities .3-17 3.2.8 Staffing .3-18 3.3 Description of Proposed Expansion ..3-18 3.3.1 New Infrastructure and Operational Changes ....... ............ 3-18 3.3.2 Description of Construction Activities .......... ............... 319 3.3.3 Features of New Units .................................... 3-21 ELK ii August 1, 1996  RADL^NSM INTERNATIONALM3 Table of Contents (continued) 4.0 Environmental Baseline ........................................ 4-1 4.1 The Physical Environment ..4. - 4.1.1 Topography, Geology, and Soils .4-1 4.1.2 Climate .4-2 4.1.3 Existing Air Quality . 4-2 4.1.4 Surface Water and Sediment Quality .4-5 4.1.5 Groundwater .4-16 4.1.6 Noise .4-17 4.2 The Biological Environment ..4-21 4.2.1 Terrestrial Biota .4-21 4.2.2 Marine Biota. 4-23 4.3 The Social and Cultural Environment ..4-27 4.3.1 History and Archeology .4-27 4.3.2 Demographics. 4-28 4.3.3 Economic Conditions .4-29 4.3A Commercial Fisheries .4-32 4.3.5 Land Use and Transportation .4-34 4.3.6 Aesthetics and Protected Natural Areas. 4-38 5.0 Audit of Eisting Conditions ........................................ 5-1 5.1 Air Quality ................................... 5-1 5.2 Water Discharges ............ ........................ 5-2 5.3 Hazardous Materials ................ .................... 5-3 5.4 Soil and Groundwater .................. .................. 5-4 5.5 Ash Disposal .................................... 5-4 5.6 Summzary ................................... 5-5 6.0 Potentia Future Impacts of Proposed Expansion .......... ................ 6-1 6.1 hmpacts of Construction ..6-1 6.1.1 Land and Soil .6-1 6.1.2 AirQuality .6-1 6.1.3 Surface Water .6-2 6.1.4 Groundwater .6-3 6.1.5 Biological Resources .6-3 6.1.6 Archeological and Historical Resources from Construction .6-3 6.1.7 Socioeconomic Impacts from Construction. 6-3 6.1.8 Noise Impacts from Construction .6-5 EIA iii August 1, 1996  RZADIAN- INTERNATIONALM Table of Contents (continued) 6.2 Impacts of Operation ..... ................... 6-5 6.2.1 Land Use and Transportation ........... ............. 6-6 6.2.2 Air Quality ........... 6-7 6.2.3 Surface Water Quality .6-18 6.2.4 Thermal Discharge Impacts .6-21 6.2.5 Groundwater .6-23 6.2.6 Biological Resources-Land .6-25 6.2.7 Marine Resources .6-25 6.2.8 Archeological and Historical Resources .6-26 6.2.9 Socioeconomic Impacts .6-26 6.2.10 Noise ..6-28 6.2.11 Worker Health and Safety .6-30 7.0 Analysis of Alternatives .7-1 7.1 Rationale for Site Selection ........................................ 7-1 7.2 Rationale for Coal as a Fuel ........................................ 7-2 7.3 Rationale for Pulverized Coal Technology ............ ................ 7-3 7.4 Altemative Air Emission Controls ................................... 7-3 7.4.1 Altemative S02 Controls ..................................... 7-3 7.4.2 Alternative Particulate Matter (PM) Control Options . ............ 7-10 7.5 Altemative Wastewater Treatment Options ........................... 7-11 7.5.1 Wastewater Production ..................................... 7-11 7.5.2 Present Treatment ........................................ 7-13 7.5.3 Treatment Criteria and Compliance .......... ................. 7-13 7.5A Wastewater Treatnent Options for Units I and 2 ...... .......... 7-13 7.6 Ash Disposal Alternatives ........................................ 7-14 7.6.1 Landfill Sites ......................................... 7-14 7.6.2 Description of Specific Landfilling Alternatives ...... ........... 7-17 7.6.3 Selection of a Preferred Landfilling Altenative ...... ............ 7-22 7.6A Identification of Non-landfilling Alternatives ...... ............. 7-23 7.6.5 Ranking of Altematives and Conclusions ....... ............... 7-26 8.0 Mitigation and Environmenta ManagemnentPlan. 81 8.1 Mitigation During Construction ...................... 8-1 8.1.1 Air Quality ........................... 8-1 8.1.2 SurfaceWaterQuality ...................... 8-1 8.1.3 Groundwater Quality ...................... 8-2 8.1.A Worker Health and Safety ...................... 8-2 8.2 Mitigation Duing Operation ........... ............. 8-2 EIA iv August 1, 1996  INTERNATIONALEM Table of Contents (continued) 8.2.1 Ash Disposal ............................................. 8-2 8.2.2 Wastewater Discharge and Surface Water Quality .. 8-3 8.2.3 Air Quality .. 8-3 V 8.2.4 Worker Health and Safety .. 8-4 8.2.5 Other Operation Irnpacts .. 8-4 8.3 Environmental Management and Training .. 8-4 8.3.1 Environmental Management Inplementation Plan .. 8-4 8.3.2 Implementation of Corporate Standards .. 8-6 9.0 Monitoring Plan .9-1 9.1 Monitoring and Reporting of Construction Inpacts . .9-1 9.2 Monitoring of Operational Inpacts ..................... 9-1 9.2.1 Air Quality ............................................... 9-1 9.2.2 Water Quality .9-3 9.2.3 Noise .9-4 9.2A Solid Waste Disposal. 9-4 10.0 Interagency Coordination and Public Participation ........ ............... 10-1 10.1 Forum Presentation Summary . .................................... 10-2 10.1.1 ONEPresentation ......................................... 10-2 10.1.2 ABB Presentation ......................................... 10-2 10.1.3 CMS Presentation ........................................ 10-3 10.2 Summary of Public Forum ..10-3 10.2.1 Comments by the Govemor of El Jadida. 10-3 10.2.2 Comments of the Director of the Center for Observations and Studies of the Ministry of the Environment .10-4 10.2.3 Comments of the President of the Association of the Region of Dukkala .10-4 10.2.4 Comments of the President of the Province of El Jadida .10-4 10.25 Comments of the Moderator .10-5 10.2.6 Comments and Questions from the Public. 10-5 10.2.7 Summary of the NGO Forum: Comments and Responses. 10-7 Appendi A: List of EIA Preparers .......................... A-1 Appendix B: References .......................... B-1 Appendix C: Public Participation and Interagency Coordination: List of NGOs Invited to NGO Forum ........................ C-1 EIA v August 1,1996  RADL^N INTERNATIONALM3 Table of Contents (continued) Appendix D: Environmental Management Implementation Plan ..... ....... D-1 Appendix E: Photo Log ............................................... E-1 Appendix F: Stack Emissions Calculations .......... ..................... F-i Appendix G: Thermal Discharge Compliance of the Jorf Lasfar Power Plant ............................................. G-1 EIA vi August 1, 1996  r a 'a  RZADIAN- INTERNATIONALM List of Figures 1 Location of the Jorf-Lasfar Power Plant Project ........... .................. ES-2 2 JLPP Site Layout .................. ......................... ES-9 3 Contribution of JLPP to Morocco's Future Electricity Needs ....... ........... ES-23 4 Location of Altemative Ash Disposal Sites ................................ ES-26 3-1 Regional Map ........................................... 3-2 3-2 Area Map .3-3 3-3 Jorf Lasfar Plot Plan ........................ .. 3-5 3-4 iLPP Layout .. 3-6 3-5 Water Intakes . 3-12 3-6 Water Discharges . 3-15 4-1 Annual, Summer, and Winter Windroses for El Jadida, Morocco . 4-3 4-2 Marine Biology/Water Quality Samplng Sites . 4-7 4-3 Baselne Noise Survey Results . 4-20 4-4 Existing and Future Land Use in the Vicinity of the JLPP . 4-36 5-1 Issues and Existing Environmental Conditions at JLPP . 5-6 6-1 Jorf Lasfar Area Receptor Grid with Terrain Contours . 6-13 6-2 JorfLasfarWindrose . 6-15 6-3 Temperature Profile at the Plume Centerline . 6-24 6-4 Yearly Electric Power Requirements for Morocco and JLPP Contribution to Supply .6.-......... 629 7-1 Schematic Diagram of Seawater Scrubber Process with Bypass Reheat . 7-5 7-2 Schematic Diagram of a Limestone Scrubber . 7-7 7-3 Potential Landfill Sites . 7-15 EIA vii August 1, 1996  WI 9 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  INTERNATIONAL3 List of Tables I JLPP Project Guidelines . ............................................... ES-4 2 Description of the JLPP ................................................ ES-7 3 Proposed Additions to JLPP ................. .......................... ES-10 4 4LPP Maximum Air Emissions ......................................... ES-18 5 Summary of Monitoring, Recordkeeping, and Reporting to be Conducted at JLPP .. ES-31 2-1 Comparison of World Bank, OPIC, and Ex-In Bank Ambient Air Guidelines .. 2-3 2-2 Comparison of World Bank, OPIC, and Ex-lm Bank Stack Emissions Guidelines .. . 2-4 2-3 Comparison of World Bank and Ex-Im Bank Liquid Effluent Guidelines .. 2-5 2-4 Comparison of Other Applicable World Bank, OPIC, and Ex-Im Guidelines .. 2-5 2-5 JLPP Project Guidelines .. 2-6 3-1 Ultimate Analysis of Coals Used at JLPP During 1995 .. 3-9 3-2 Properties of Heavy Fuel Oil No.2 Used at JLPP .3-10 3-3 1995 Stack Emissions from JLPP Units 1 and 2 Firing and Coal . 3-11 3-4 Summary of Wastewater Characteristics . 3-16 3-5 Stack Emissions from JLPP Units 1 Through 4 . 3-22 4-1 Comparison of LPEE Ambient Monitoring Data (1994) with JLPP Project Guidelines . 4-5 4-2 Hydrographic Measurements, Gross Sediment Type, and Sample Dates and Times for Each Station . 4-8 4-3 Trace Metal Concentrations of Surface Water (pg/L) . 4-10 4-4 Surface Water Parameters (All Values Except for Chlorophyll a are in mglL) . 4-12 4-5 Trace Metal Concentrtions in Sediment (ppm) . 4-14 46 Water and Sediment Heavy Metal Toxicity Summay . 4-16 EIA viii August 1, 1996  INTERNATIONALE3 List of Tables (continued) 4-7 Common Noise Levels in dBA ................. ......................... 4-18 4-8 Radian Noise Survey Results . ........................................... 4-19 4-9 Status of Endangered or Threatened Species That May Have Historic Ranges in Morocco ...................................................... -22 4-10 Macrobenthic Species and Numbers of Individuals Per Station . 4-24 4-11 Fish and Invertebrate Species and Numbers of individuals (Samples taken between 4/24 and 5/4196) . 4-26 4-12 Population Growth for Morocco, El Jadida Province, and Commune Moulay Abdellah . 4-29 4-13 Morocco-Power Capacity Balances-MW(Based on firm capacity) . 4-33 4-14 Leading Exports and Imports of the Port of Jorf Lasfar . 4-38 6-1 Typical Noise Impact During Construction .............. ..................... 6-5 6-2 JLPP Maximum Air Emissions . .......................................... 6-7 6-3 JLPP Units I and 2 - Emission Performance Test Results ....... ............... 6-8 6-4 Predicted Unit 1 and 2 PM Emissions ESP Performance ....... ................ 6-9 6-5 Jorf Lasfar Modeled Source Parameters ............ ....................... 6-12 6-6 Jorf Lasfar Modeled Air Quality Concentrations ......... .................... 6-17 7-1 Range of Ultimate Analyses of "Ultr-Low" Sulfur Coals Considered for Use at JLPP ................................................... 7-9 7-2 General Criteria for Selecting an Ash Landfill . 7-18 7-3 Qualitative Analysis of Design Criteria for Two Landfill Sites Jorf Lasfar Power Plant, Morocco . 7-20 9-1 Summary of Monitoring, Recordkeeping, and Reporting to be Conducted at JLPP .9-2 9-2 Noise Source Performance Guarmtees for Specific Equipment at JLPP Units 3 and 4 .9-4 EIA ix August 1, 1996  RADIAN- INTERNATIONALC List of Acronyms, Abbreviations and Definitions for This EIA ABB ABB Energy Ventures BV. A sponsor and equity investor in the Project. Ampere A unit of electrical current. avg. Average. B.C.E. Before Common Era. BOD Biological oxygen demand. BOD5 Biological oxygen demand after five days. CEREP Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches sur 1' Environnement et la Pollution CFC Chlorofluorocarbon. cfd Computational fluid dynamics. CHAM Combustion, Heat and Mass Transfer of London. cm Centimeter. cm/hr Centimeters per hour. CMS CMS Generation Co. A Sponsor and equity investor in the Project and an affiliate of CMS Energy. cm/s Centimeters per second. Co Carbon monoxide. COD Chemical oxygen demandL CNE Conseil National de l'Environnement. cp Centipoise. A unit of viscosity. dB Decibel. A unit of sound level, amplitude, or loudness. dBA A-weighted decibels. A measurement adjusted to represent sound levels as the human ear hears them.