Document of The World Bank Report No. 13506-IN STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT INDIA TAMIL NADU WATER RESOURCES CONSOLIDATION PROJECT ANNEXES MAY 19, 1995 South Asia Department II Agriculture and Water Operations Division INDEX OF ANNEXES Annex 1 Policy Reform Program 1 Annex 2 Water Resources Organization - Institutional Reforms 15 Annex 3 Water Planning, Allocation and Management 38 Annex 4 System Improvement and Farmer Turnover 43 Annex 5 Scheme Completions 84 Annex 6 Tamil Nadu State Water Policy 107 Annex 7 Environmental Action Plan 114 Annex 8 Water Resources Research Fund 131 Annex 9 Land Acquisition and Economic Rehabilitation Plan 134 Annex 10 Baseline Survey Terms of Reference 159 Annex 11 Project Cost Tables 162 Annex 12 Schedule of Disbursements 214 Annex 13 Implementation and Supervision Plan 215 Annex 14 Economic Analysis 239 Annex 15 Criteria for Preparation and Selection of Investments 275 Annex 16 Maintenance, Water Charges and Cost Recovery 279 Annex 17 Water and Agriculture in Tamil Nadu's Economy 283 Annex 18 Criteria for NGO Selection 302 Annex 19 Documents Available in Project File 303 Annex I Page I of 14 INDIA TAMIL NADU WATER RESOURCES CONSOLIDATION PROJECT Letter of Development Policy (Letter of November 1, 1994 from Government of Tamil Nadu) Annex 1 Page 2 of 14 N. HARIBHASKAR, I.A.S. SECRETARIAT CHIEF SECRETARY " MADRAS - 600 009 GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU Letter No. 60256 / WRI / 94 Dated: 1st. November, 1994. TO Mr.Heinz Vergin, Director, India Department, The World Bank, Washington, D.C.20433 USA. Sub:Tamil Nadu Water Resources Consolidation Project Policy and Institutional Reforms. I am pleased to confirm Government of Tamil Nadu's keen interest in improving the management of the water sector and the productivity of irrigated agriculture, and the commitment that we place on achieving this with assistance of the Water Resources Consolidation Project (WRCP). Tamil Nadu's Water resources are scarce and the state's future development will depend on the best planning and allocation of water between sectors and efficient use by the main sectoral users, especially agriculture. Comprehensive planning of water use on a river basin basis and across sectors is required. For agriculture, the state's main water user, productivity from irrigation must be increased. The state's objective is to increase yields and production of food grains and increase production of high value diversification crops so as to improve incomes in rural areas and assure production of food staples, while ensuring sound environmental management and the growing water needs of non-agricultural users. Annex 1 Page 3 of 14 To achieve these aims, GOTN has embarked upon a vigorous programme to create a specialist water and irrigation agency for the state and to adjust policies associated with water planning and allocation. Under the WRCP the actions already undertaken will be further followed up. Summarised below in two attachments is a listing of actions already undertaken in preparation for the WRCP (Attachment I), followed by a listing in matrix form of additional actions intended to consolidate these reforms with assistance of the project (Attachment II). YO ely, CHIE ECWE1TARY. Annex 1 Page 4 of 14 ATTACHMENT I ACTIONS UNDERTAKEN BY GOTN 1. State Water Policy: A Tamil Nadu State Water Policy has been prepared in line with the National Water Policy (GOI, 1987), and issued by Government Order Number 716 dated 13.7.1994. The State Water Policy emphasizes management of water as a unitary resource: by river basin, conjunctively for surface and groundwater, integrating environmental management, planning holistically for all uses of water and prioritising water allocation to maximise productivity. Under the Policy, in addition to creating the institutional capability to handle water planning and allocation described below, the state intends to establish legislation for regulating groundwater; improve the efficiency and productivity of existing water infrastructure; improve hydrological monitoring; establish regulatory measures to protect against over extraction of groundwater; prepare flood control, drainage and drought management plans; review and rationalise water rates including the principle that users should pay for services to ensure economic and financial sustainability; and undertake a major drive for participation of beneficiaries in the water sector. 2. Water Planning: GOTN has taken all measures required to establish the institutional features for multi-sectoral water planning on a river basin basis. A Water Resources Control and Review Council (WRCRC), chaired by the Chief Minister, has been created (G.O.Ms.No. 1404, dt:30.9.93) to make decisions on State 1 Annex 1 Page 5 of 14 Water planning and allocation. The Institute for Water Studies (IWS) -has been made "Nodal Agency" for state water planning and Secretariat of the WRCRC (G.O.Ms.No.578 dt:7.4.93), and the position of head of IWS upgraded to CE level (G.O.Ms.No. 586 dt:10.4.93). The IWS work programme and staffing has been adjusted to handle its new responsibilities and to prepare basin and state water plans. 3. Institutional Reform: Following a detailed institutional study and the recommendations of GOTN's High Powered Committee, a specialist "Water Resources Organisation" (WRO) has been created through bifurcation of PWD into the WRO and a separate branch handling non-water related activities, and decision taken to reorganise WRO around functional specialisations and decentralisation along river basin lines (G.O.Ms.No.279 dt:29.3.94). WRO is to be headed by an Engineer-in-Chief, in full charge of all of WRO's activities and answerable to the Secretary, PWD (Orders will be issued shortly). Reorganisation of WRO is underway following the recommendations of the institutional study. 4. Expenditure Prioritization: In line with the state water policy and the objectives under the WRCP, GOTN intends a new prioritisation for WRO expenditures, emphasising intensified use and sustainability of existing infrastructure and upgrading of WRO capabilities. Commencing with the completed 1994/95 budget exercise and for all future years, GOTN will assure funding to WRO in the following priority order: {i) upgrading of WRO's institutional capability under the WRCP and full required funding 2 Annex 1 Page 6 of 14 for O&M of existing facilities; (ii) rehabilitation and modernisation of existing facilities; (iii) viable investments to complete existing schemes; and (iv) viable new investment. Also, (v) criteria and a screening process for selection of future investments in the water sector have been developed based on economic viability (ERR of 12%), justification within a basin plan and the state's overall plan, hydrological, environmental and social assessment, and conformity with established engineering standards. 5. Maintenance Fundinq: GOTN is committed to maintaining water sector infrastructure. To recoup on the unsatisfactory situation of earlier years, O&M funding was increased from Rs.120/ha in 1992/93 to Rs.200/ha in 1993/94 and to Rs.265/ha in the current 1994/95 fiscal year. The 1994/95 provision includes an average of Rs.150/ha in separate budget accounts exclusively for maintenance works expenditures, corresponding to the needs on works expenditures for 1994/95 worked out by WRO. GOTN will ensure that maintenance works funding needs are similarly provided in full and timely fashion in future years, based on an annual command-by-command programming, budgeting and review process. 6. farmer Participation and Turnover: Based on its historical experience and pilot efforts over a number of years, GOTN is of the view that sustainable and high yielding irrigation must ,involve beneficiaries in planning and management. Preparation of the WRCP has provided the opportunity to develop a state-wide 3 Annex 1 Page 7 of 14 approach- to be progressively implemented in association with the scheme rehabilitation and modernisation program - to involve farmers in scheme management, and to turnover operations and maintenance of improved distributaries to farmer organizations. Vigorous staff effort, consultancy,training, farmer organization activities and piloting have been implemented over the past year in preparation for this drive. As further experience is gained, the programme will be adjusted as needed. A model Memorandum of Understanding and By-laws for farmer councils will be approved by the GOTN (orders will be issued shortly). 7. Cost Recovery: Water charges to farmers (basic rate plus irrigation cesses) average between Rs.200-210/ha and thus fully cover maintenance works needs (Rs.150/ha in 1994/95) and about 80% of all recurrent expenditures of WRO including establishment. while these rates are amongst the highest in India, GOTN has for some time been interested in simplifying the structure of rates and providing closer linkage with the costs of water supply. A Water Rates Rationalization Committee, established in 1987, will be making recommendations further to a detailed ongoing study. On conclusion of the committee's work, GOTN is interested in creating a permanent apparatus to annually examine water rates to enable adjustments over time as appropriate, for industrial and commercial rates as well as for agriculture. Rates for bulk water supply for industrial and commercial use were increased by over six-fold in 1991, and agricultural rates have been periodically adjusted through increases in the irrigation cesses. An opportunity is also present, through farmer organizations, to 4 Annex 1 Page 8 of 14 progressively internalise revenues collection and expenditures at the levels of the operating systems and to eventually adjust to volumetric supply and charging arrangements linked to service costs. As discussed below, such and other measures will be considered and, as appropriate, introduced in line with experience gained with the systems improvement and farmer turnover progtalnme and on the basis of an established permanent capability to annually examine rates and provide recommendations. 8. Land Acquisition and Economic Rehabilitation: GOTN is committed to ensuring that project affected persons under the WRCP are as well off or better off than their previous situation. This will be based on implementation of Land Acquisition and Economic Rehabilitation Action Plans (LAERAPs) for each of the project sites, including use of adjusted procedures and allowances to ensure the welfare of the PAPs. The following decisions and actions have been implemented: (i) to strengthen institutional capability, a Land Acquisition and Economic Rehabilitation Directorate has been established for WRO (G.O.Ms.No.138 dt:15.2.94), together with a state-level co- ordinating committee and district committees (G.O.Ms.No.908 dt:24.8.94) (ii) Land valuation by negotiated settlement has also been decided on (G.O.Ms.No.128 Feb 11, 1994) as this allows more speed and flexibility in determining compensation levels based on full market value and transaction costs for purchase of fully equivalent agricultural land. A Government Order will be issued shortly, covering the following: (iii) The definition of project affected persons has been adjusted to now include 5 Annex 1 Page 9 of 14 landless PAPs (encroachers, sharecroppers and tenant farmers); (iv) experienced and field oriented NGOs with familiarity of the localities concerned will be usd for field implementation of the LAERAPs including assistance to PAPs with negotiated settlement, land purchase, provision of rehabilitation and asset maintenance grants, training and all facilitating aspects for economic rehabilitation; (v) economic rehabilitation arrangements for marginal farmers have been adjusted to enable provision of productively comparable land-for-land or, at the PAP's option, for usage of a Rehabilitation Grant for creation of productive assets at a rate of Rs.14,000/ha of dryland lost or Rs.28,000/ha of irrigated land; (vi) an Asset Maintenance Grant will be provided to PAPs at the rate of Rs.500/family/month applied from date of takeover of the land by WRO; and (vii) decision has been taken to target available rural development programmes to LAER sites, and to implement a fisheries development programme for PAPs at LAER sites. Finally, (viii) an IAS Officer will be appointed to head the LAERO, (Orders will be issued shortly) and this position will continue to be headed by an IAS Officer for atleast the first three years of the project. 9. Environmental Action Plan: Following the recommendation of a Sectoral Environmental Assessment (November, 1993), a comprehensive Environmental Action Plan (FAP) has been drawn up for implementation by WRO. The EAP will fully integrate environmental management in planning, investment and management of the state's water resources. The EAP includes: strengthening of environmental monitoring and analysis capabilities 6 Annex 1 Page 10 of 14 (establishing environmental units in IWS, CE, Project Formulation and at basin manager levels, creation of a State Water Resources Data Center) including staff training and consultancy; measures to control groundwater abstraction including establishment of a Groundwater Regulatory Directorate, preparation of groundwater legislation and introduction of metered provision of power; procedures to improve environmental screening of investment proposals; eco-restoration of catchments; establishment of construction code of practices; and special studies, monitoring and demonstrations in groundwater utilisation, catchment interlinkages, soil conservation, sedimentation, reservoir environmental quality, wastewater reuse, pollution and health hazards. An environmental sub-committee has been established in the WRCRC to oversee the EAP (G.O.Ms.No.939 dt 31.08.1994). 7 Annex 1 Page 11 of 14 Attachment II B. ACTION TO BE UNDERTAKEN ---------------------------------------------------------------__--------- Si.i Action Points I Implementation No.' Period 1. :INSTITUTIONAL UPGRADING ' 1(i) Formally approve the internal :November 30, 1994 :reorganisation of WRO to create functionally ,specialised units and decentralised line units at :the basin level and establish staff functions in : :the office of the EIC for Administration, :Programme Budget and Accounting; and Monitoring :and Evaluation. :(ii) Establish a Ground and Surface Water Data :December 15, 1994 'Centre. :(iii) Establish a nucleus Groundwater Regulatory G.O.Ms.No.992 :Unit, to be initially attached to the office of : Dated 20.09.1994 :the C.E.,Ground and Surface Water Data Centre. '(iv) Establish posts for Project Officers for 'December 15, 1994 :specific projects or funding institutions. '(v) Establish a Water Resources Research Fund :January 15, 1995 ( WRRF ) and a Research Advisory Committee to :guide the WRRF and announce GOTN's intention to :provide matching grant ( pro rata at 33% of :disbursements received under the project ) to an :interest-bearing bank account in the name of the IWRRF to build up the capital of the WRRF for :eventual self-sustaining status. 2. :BASIN AND STATE WATER PLANNING '(i) Complete "Rapid Basin Assessments" exercise March 31, 1995 ;for all of the state's river basins. :(ii) Prepare a "Framework Water Resources Plan" !December 31, 1995 :for Tamil Nadu state ,(iii) Establish Basin Water Planning and :December 31, 1995 :Allocation Committees at basin levels, headed by ,the Basin Managers. :(iv) Complete detailed River Basin Plans for all ' March 31, 1998 :river basins and prepare a State Water Plan. :This will be followed by progressive updating of :the basin and state water plans. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Annex 1 Page 12 of 14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------__ S1.: Action Points Implementation No.: ' Period 3. :MAINTENANCE FUNDING '(i) Provide annually to WRO the full funds From 1994-95 :required for maintenance of WRO irrigation, :drainage, flood control and bulk water supply :infrastructure to sustain the infrastructure in :full operating order. :(ii) Funds will continue to be provided to :separate and protected maintenance works budgets :exempt from withdrawals for salaries and wages. :(iii) The maintenance works provisions will be :available to WRO from the beginning of the fiscal :year so as not to impede maintenance works :activities. :(iv) WRO will submit annual budget estimates for ,maintenance based on detailed command-by-command : :estimates following a reporting, programming and :budgeting and monitoring and evaluation process :enabling sound planning, budgeting and monitoring :of its maintenance programme. 4. :IMPLEMENTATION OF ON-FARM DEVELOPMENT (OFD) WORKS !Implementation of On-Farm-Development works in From 1994-95 Tamil Nadu will henceforth follow the lower :investment cost model developed for the WRCP , :whether implemented with WRO or Agricultural :Engineering Department (AED) assistance . The new 'model primarily involves farmer investment, with :assistance from the state confined to provision :of the outlet structure, topographic survey, :construction of profile structure, and extension :assistance. In the WRCP commands AED's activities :will be restricted to the five commands where it :is already active ( Lower Bhavani, Periyar 'Vaigai, PAP, Sathanur, Sethiathope). In these :five commands, AED and WRO would both provide :assistance to farmers for OFD works, and :activities would be coordinated with WRO's work :on main and distributary systems through the WRO :executive engineer for the command concerned. :The implementation effectiveness of these 'arrangements would be reviewed annually between :WRO and AED. --------------------------------------------------------------------------~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Annex 1 Page 13 of 14 Si.: Action Points Implementation No.', Period 5. WATER FEES '(i) GOTN will establish a Water Service Charges : March 15, 1995 Committee (WSCC) reporting to the WRCRC charged :with preparation of an annual status report and :recommendations on water fees for all uses of :water (to be issued by December 31 of each year :including 1995) '(ii) issue the recommendations of the Water Rates: June 30, 1995 Rationalization Committee '{iii) the report of the Water Rates !December 31, 1995 :Rationalization Committee and/or the 1995 report :of the WSCC would include analysis and :recommendations related, inter alia, to: :simplifying existing rates, providing a mechanism ,for adjusting rates over time in line with :service costs, recommendations for introducing 'volumetric charging to established farmer 'councils, recommendations for providing farmer :councils the option to collect the service fees :due to government including retention of part of :fees as a collection incentive, and !recommendations for introducing direct provision :of collected fees to the O&M Bank accounts of :individual schemes. .(iv) prepare a state model in computerised June 30, 1996 :updatable form for assessing service costs and :revenues in all sectors to assist in the WSCC's : ,work. 6. LAND ACQUISITION AND ECONOMIC REHABILITATION '(i) the staff strength of LARRO will be brought :December 15, 1994 'to full capacity '(ii) following the completed socio-economic : :surveys / LAERAPS for Poigayar and Nambiyar, :socio-economic surveys and LAERAPs for Mordhana, Sothuparai and Adavinainarkoil are scheduled to be completed by :October 30, 1994 'And for the remaining two sites - Gridhamal II 'and Vadakku Pachaiyar by .January 31, 1995 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Annex 1 Page 14 of 14 -----------------------------------------------------------------------__- Si.: Action Points a Implementation No.: Period -- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - :------------------ 7. !ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION 'Following the establishment of the environmental :units in IWS and with CE, Project Formulation :(G.O.Ms.No.84 Dt.28.1.94): : :(i) Implementation of the Environmental Action :From September '94' :Plan as per the separately furnished EAP schedule: *~~ a '(ii) Establish State Water Resources Data Center :December 15, 1994 :in WRO for measurement, collation, storage, , :retrieval and dissemination of hydrological data ' related to surface and groundwater hydrology :covering both water quantity and quality aspects :(subsequent strengthening of the Center would be :through the National Hydrology Project). :(iii) Establish environmental cells at basin :December 31, 1995 :manager levels. 8. :GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT ' Hi) the Regulatory Directorate to produce a , June 30, 1995 :first set of recommendations regarding interim 'measures and associated GOs to implement :tightened control of ground water exploitation :and development. a :(ii) recommendations in (i) to be implemented by :December 31, 1995 a a :(iii) draft legislat-ion regarding groundwater :December 31, 1996 :management to be prepared and submitted by WRO to : :GOTN for consideration. a-----------------------------------------------------------a------------- -15 - Annex 2 Page 1 of 5 INDIA rAMIL NAOU WATER RESOURCES CONSOI1OA rION PROJECT INSTITUTIONAL MODIFICATIONS Introduction 1. Water resources planning, development and management is becoming more and more complex requiring constant change in organisational structure and the use of advanced technology. Tamil Nadu Water Resources Organisation created from the farmer irrigation wing of PWS in Marcn 1994, must adapt to these changing conditions in order to be effective in fulfilling its objectives for the people of the State. The present organisation nas numerous lines of authority and its functional capabilities are diffused throughout the organisation. Because of the intertransfers between irrigation and buiidings and because of the frequent transfers without regard to functional expertise there is a marked lack of specialisation to meet the challenges of a technological world. In addition, other administrative functions are not specifically assigned, overlap with one another, or do not exist. Certain management concepts such as programme budgeting, cost accounting, monitoring and evaluation, and a management information system need to be established and/or strengthened. An Institutional Study conducted in 1993 by PWD, assisted by Consultants, and subsequent evaluations have resulted in an action olan to modify its present institutional structure involving organisationai, policy, and precedural cnanges. The new organisational structure for the WRO is shown on Attachment I Attacnment 2 contains functional descriptions of various organisational units in WRO. 2. Responsibilities of WRO. The WRO is responsibie for planning, daveioping and managing the state's water resources for irrigation, bulk water supply, drainage and flood control. The WRO will have an expanded role by advising the newly formed Water Resources Control and Review Council, developing and maintaining a State Water Plan, involving Farmers in irrigation operation and maintenance decisions, tuming over certain responsibilities to farmers, strengthening environmental management, managing a new land acquisition and economic rehabilitation structure, establishing and maintaining a State Water Resources Data Centre, and establishing a regulatory mechanism for use of groundwater. - 16 - Annex 2 Page 2 of 5 Organisational Concepts 3 The new organisation will allow more effective and efficient planning, development, operation and maintenance of water resources in the state with increased support in programme budgeting and accounting, management information system, monitoring and evaluation, staff specialisation, training and computer and communication technology. The W~RO wol organise to more clearly delineate lines of authority, functional areas of responsibility, and staff support responsibilities In addition there will be more emphasis on communicating management expoctations with regard to authority, responsibility and accountability .The WRO will now be in a better position to execuie dis programmes effectively particularly at the basin leve,. 4 Management: Proper management will be crucial to the effective execution of work. Managers wiil be carefully seiectea anc irainea although in thle iuture potential managers will be trained in management "fchniques orior to seiection. Because of the importance of management ana the time and funds required for adequate training, the top managers, will have at least two years remaining before retirement. The manager will be conversant with the various WRO functions and will be able to communicate easily with all sectors - employees, peers, Government Officials, farmers, other water users, state agencies, environmental interests, media and the public. At the time of selection the person will have at least two years remaining before retirement. The Engineer in Chief, as the administrative and technical head of WRO, will be highly experienced in several , of not all, of the WRO functions and aue consideration should be given to those individuals who nave worked outside the State of Tamil Nadu. The auaiifications or thie Caiei tng;neer wiil inciude oxpenence in one or more of the WNRO 8.nctions rplanning, daesgn, construction, operation, maintenance) with field ana t,eadauarters office postings. All Chief Engineer posts will be of eaual rank. The 1.ngineer in Chief will decide ail selections and postings at the Superintendaing Engineer and below. 5. Administration: Elements in Administration wiil support ail acbvtiues in WRO which include personnel, training, and procurement of computers and other office equipment and supplies. Thiis will remove the burden from the functional and line managers and allow them to focus in their own responsibilities. .An eariy assignment will be to prepare job doscr.ptions ror ail WRO employees starting with the Engineer in Chief - 17 - Annex 2 Page 3 of 5 T. rraininq: Fraining will be forecasted and buageted v mwans o. an liiu3i training programme consolidated from requests ot thoe 'NRO organisational units. Once approved, the programme is transmitted to iMTi wnich wiil have the responsibility of either providing or providing access to trainmng c!asses. Liberal use will be made of colleges and universities and private training institutions. IMTI will also arrange for study tours. rop level managemnent training courses will be initially conducted by persons axperiencod in training water managers. 7. Programme Budget and Accounting: This office will consoiidate ail budget requests from WNRO units and provide the system for tracking expenditures to measure programme progress. The system wiil be able to determine when cost estimates are likely to be exceeded so that corrective action can be taken. The system wiil also be used to support irecommenoed fund-transfer between projects. 'rhe office will establish and maintain an MIS system. 8. Monitoring and Evaluation: Monitoring of activities in WRO wiii be the res'ponsibility of the executing unit and wtill be conducted by comparing progress with planned objectives. The Monitoring and Evaluation Office wili evaluate the monitoring efforts, the progress of the various WRO programmes, the benefits of completed projects, and the performance of organisational units within WRO and provide the Engineer in Chief and other managers with recommendations. 9. Planning: Planning is divided into two organisational areas -nstiti.e for Water Studies and the planning units at tha Chief Engineer and 3asin Manager levels. The IWS is responsible for preparing basin assessments and preparing and maintaining a State Water Plan which will serve as a general water resources plan for the State. The 'WS will have support elements consisting of economists, sociologists, environmental specialists, and hydrologists to perform general basin type analyses.The detailed olanning activities will be the responsibility or ooth trie Chief Engineer, Plan Formulation and the Basin Manager. The Chief Engineer (PF) will conduct the major and more complex studies and prepare reports on various schemes, programmes and projects that may be self initiated or by request. The Chief Engineer (PF) will also have support elements but those eiements wiil be providing detailed evaluations such as applied hydrology. The Basin will also conduct planning but on a smaller and more routine scale. The Basin Managers olanning wil be accomplished consistent with the procedures and standards set forth by the Chief Engineer (PF). - 18 - Annex 2 Page 4 of 5 10. Design: The Chief Engineer, Dlesign, R'esearch, .2nd Construction Support is responsibie ior ine adequacy oi aii designs cornpieied within WRO. The Chief Engineer will cerform the design, approve the designs of others, or delegate the authoriiy to design to those engineers the Chief Engineer nas determined to be qualified. All changes in designs must be agreed to by the Chief Engineer (DRC). 11. Construction: ronstruction will be managed in the Basin Managers organisations. Technical adequacy, standards and assistance will bo provided by the Chief Engineer (DRC). Quality control will be directed by the Basin Manager and its effectiveness will be evaluated periodically by the CE (DRC'. 12. Environment: Environmental Units will be established in the Institutn for Water Studies and the office of the Chief Engineer, Plan Formu3ation. An environmental Unit will also be assigned to each Basin Manager 'he environmental Units will provide environmental analyses,evaluate Proposals for environmental effects, and monitor environmental tromplianco 71e Environmental Units will be responsible for the engagement o? consultants for environmental work. Environmental Cells assigned to the basins will perform more limited environmental analyses but wiil monitor environmenial activities in the basins. The Cell will also conduct water quality tests and submit results to Basin Manager, Ground and Surface Water Resources Data Centro, and others as required. 13. Data Coliection: All types of d;ata will bie collected by various organisational units in WRO. Engineering data will be coilected by Basin Manager in most cases and either used in the Basin Office or supplieci to .ne functional Chief Engineer. Ground and Surface Water data will be collected by field units of the Data Centre anid transmitted to -he Data Crntre for variricaizon, archiving and publishing. Data collected in the basins should be iMade available to the Basin Manager as soon as it is collected, betore verification. it the Basin Manager requests it. The Data Centre will provide processed data to others upon request. 19 - Annex 2 Page 5 of 5 14. Project Officers and Coordinawors: There W2ii be C.ruSilStanceas wileie .ne =ngineer in (Thief will 'reed l.o ostablish a Pro;ect or (,)ordlnation Officer. For exampie, a funding institution ,nay raquwe a c2(!adn iivel ;iricer ior the purposes of coordination, consolidating progress reocrts, meetings with tire funding agencies, and generaiiy -e-ing aware o-, aJ ikhe activities in Tihe iunced program. an other instances where the tngineer in Chief mnay wish to track cosely a special projeci or a project ;n which he has a specihic interest, ie nias the option of appointing a Project Officer to monitor the project or programme. These Officers monitor, report progress, rnake inecommendation, etc. to the Engineer in Chief but they have no authority to manage or direct the execution of the work. Execution of the work is the responsibniliiy of the Basin Manager or other line officer. A project Officer will also administer the Water Resources Research Fund by convening meetings of the Research Advisory C"mmittee and providing them research proposals for discussion. 15. Ground Water Reaulation: The WXRO n', estabfish t4te Groundwater Regulatory Unit whicn willi be iniiialiy acaaneaa o hae office oi the Ciiei Engineer, Ground and Surface WVater Resourcas Data (Centre. The Unit wwil form the nucleus for a Giound Water iDireciorate wiilch will b)e estabiisineu iaier as the duties of the Unit expands. Trle Unit will initialiv evaluate opportunities for regulating ground water withoou legislation such as pumping by other state agencies, requests for financial assistance recwring Government approval and pumping activities which cculd ne --striczeQ under zhe Environmenltal Protection Act. The Unit wouild forward recommended Government Orders through the Engineer in Chief to ihe Gover-nment for approvai and impiemeni those Government Orders. The Unit will, at the same time, prepare detailed information regarding the benefits of reguialion icr eventual dissemination to the public. The Unit wiil prepare general legislatior for mranaging groundwater which could consist of reagisteringhiconsinrg drillers, identifyinC spe-cfaic areas needing groundwater management and establishirn a system of permits for drilling wells and pumping frorn the grounawaLer. GIound water regulation should apply only to those areas with s-ecified grousndwater problems or probiems anticipated in the near fuiture. Annex 2 Attachment 1 Page 1Iof 6 TAN.ff l,NADU WATER RESOURCES CONSOLIDATION PROJECT ORGANIGRANI ISECRETARYI E RWROO LAND ACQUIJSMON AND ECONO.MIC REHABILITATION C ENGNNEERIIN CHIEF E DIRECTOR_.- A NRSUATIE OF WfATER S .DIES FEG&UE<ORY | | ~~~DIRECTOR IIRRIGAI'ION- CMANAGEMENT TRAINING lrUCTlN RES( L-ISDA-1 T IPROJECrTOFFIIC~ERS 1 _ MO)NITORING & EV ALUA4TiON CO 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~PROGRAM4M ING (As Required) B _.,DBUDi, ri'nG: ~~~~ 117X ~~~~~~~~~~~~~CU1st- 1 -iG.~ I , ~~~~~- 1 _* .f aa_ CHIEF ENGINEER CHIEFENGINEER CHLEF ENGINEER CHIEFLF iGINEER PLAN FORMUL.ATION o DSif-o'- iZESE.ARCHc DPE'-,I-JON & tillaS.!.r';. CC'XSTRUCTI;(ON SU-PPOR-i \L%AlNTro:NN--kNE RESC`UI<CLS jl',!:T,e, L v-rfr E CHIEF ENGINEER CH[EFi-FNGINEER e}Ifff 'F E};CJEER C h I F h77>-E; REGIUION - I2 iR;'R.iC;-23 ILC( - 1 MADRAS -IR i'- --'Oi.iA_. i___i- L ) _. Annex 2 Attachment 1 Page 2 of 6 CHIEF ENGIEER PLAN FORMTLATION X~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IC A X E-NGr1\LERRNG & EKVIRONMNTSOCIO-ECONOMIC PROJC REPORT SPEIAL- I HYDRLOGY AGRONOMfY PLANIGPREPARATION ST(UDIE1,S Annex 2 Attachment 1 Page 3 of 6 fCHIEF ENGINEER l DESIGN, RESEARCH & CONSTRUCTION SUPPORT _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SAFETY OF | 0 CTON | NINSTITUTE OF DESIGNS D.MIS & O0IliER SlUPPORT HYDRAULICS & MACIERY STR9CTRE S ,HYDROLOGY SOILS & DESIGNS l'OLICIHES CONTRACT 1)ROCEDLTURS & ADNIFMSTRTATION PROGRESS STANDAkRDS & QUA,'LIT REPORTS CONTROL Annex 2 Attachment 1 Page 4 of 6 CHF EN:GNEER I NTERSTATE OPERATON WORKSHOP FARMERS WVA1ER & & STORES ORGANISATIONY M.M US rN- NANCE &-.T%-O TNOER OPERATIONS SI.EClAV [ATENANCE |VV ANALYSIS JJTENANCE Annex 2 Attachment 1 Page 5 of 6 CHEF ENGIER STATE GROLN-D AND SURFACE UVATER RESOL-RCES DATA CENIR DAT& REPORTS | (DRILLING) CIRCLE CIRCLE CIRCLE CIRCLE NRAS RC MA D U POLLACH Annex 2 Attachment 1 Page 6 of 6 BASIN I MANAGER | f-HIEFE\GINEER) PLAN DS5G\ | N OPERTVI-ONN FORMULATION & & ADMINISTRATION & COORDINATION' CON STRUCTION AIN\TENANCE TERRITORL-kL TERRITORIAi. TAN-K SPECIAL CIRCLE CIRCLE MEODERNIlSATION PRO.IECTS CIRCLE CIRCLE - 26 - Annex 2 Attachment 2 Page 1 of 12 INDIA TAMIL NADU WATER RESOURCES CONSOLIDATION PROJECT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS OF UNITS IN WATER RESOURCES ORGANISATION A. ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF 1. Develop nission, goals and objectives for the Water Resources Organisation. 2. Establish policies necessary for effective and efficient organisation. 3.i Establish effective management information system. 4. Establish a system to periodically review organisational performance. 5. Ensure that environmental, land acquisition and economic rehabilitation, and farmers organisations and turnover concerns are resolved. Administration Unit 1. Establish, review and update establishment policies and rules. 2. Develop and maintains official records of all personnel. 3. Develop recruiting, posting, promotion, retirement and training orders. 4. Establish a public information cell to distribute information to the media, public and others. 5. Establish a training cell to formulate training policies, review and report status, progress and performance of Organisation training program, and consolidate Organisation-wide annual training programmes. - 27 - Annex 2 Attachment 2 Page 2 of 12 Programme Budgeting and Accounting Unit 1. Administer programme budgeting and cost account- ing system. 2. Prepare annual budgets. 3. Allocate funds to WRO organisational units. 4. Coordinate preparation of cost estimates for budget. 5. Develop reporting format for reviewing and moni- toring programme progress. 6. Develop and maintain management information system. 7. Develop, maintain, review and update cost accounting codes. 8. Prepare management reports. Monitoring and Evaluation Unit 1. Review and report on organisational functions of WRO and their effectiveness 2. Provide adequate information on a macro level of the progress and benefits of ongoing and completed programms 3. Audit WRO records as necessary to ensure compli- ance with established standards Land Acquisition and Economic Rehabilitation Cell 1. Reports to the Secretary, PWD. 2. Plan, coordinate, monitor, and evaluate all land acquisition and economic rehabilitation (LAER) for WRCP. 3. Contract with NGO's to implement Rehabilitation Action Plans. 4. Serve as the Secretariat for the state level Coordinating Committee. 5. Supported by the Negotiating Committee and an Economic Rehabilitation and Grievance Committee at the district level. - 28 - Annex 2 Attachment 2 Page 3 of 12 Project Officers 1. Appointed by EIC to track and report progress to EIC on special projects or programmes which are of vital or critical importance to EIC or are requested by funding Institutions. 2. Officers have no authority to direct the activities to which they are assigned. B. INSTITUTE FOR WATER STUDIES 1. Serves as Member-Secretary for the Water Resources Control and Review Council. 2. Prepare basin assessments in coordination with Basin Managers and other government agencies for all river basins in the state. 3. Prepare statewide framework plan based on basin assessments. 4. Prepare and update State Water Plan. 5. Provide policy and advice to WRO on environmental matters. 6. Staff, equip, and maintain remote sensing labora- tory and GIS for WRO. 7. Utilise advanced computer technology for river basins system analyses. 8. Establish statewide planning standards. C. IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT AND TRAINING INSTITUTE 1. Assist WRO in identifying training needs and developing training strategies to meet WRO re- quirements. 2. Provide for broad based training programmess for WRO with particular emphasis on operation and maintenance, system modernisation and farmer turnover programmes. 3. Maintain and disseminate to WRO management units a listing and data of training programs available both domestically and abroad. - 29 - Annex 2 Attachment 2 Page 4 of 12 4. Provide data on ongoing and completed training sessions to EIC. D. DIRECTOR, STATE GROUND AND SURFACE WATER RESOURCES DATA CENTRE Water Resources Data Centre 1. Initiate, set and maintain data collection, verification, dissemination and reporting standards in accordance with National Criteria and Standards. 2. Collect, verify and publish surface and groundwater data and meteorological data. 3. Review data collection networks for adequacy and modify as necessary. 4. Report verified data to the National Surface Water Resources Data Center and the Central Groundwater Board. Basin Water Resources Data Collection Units 1. Install and maintain data sites. 2. Read and record data from surface water gages. 3. Measure and record groundwater levels 4. Make and record meterological observations. 5. Collect water samples and send to laboratories for water quality analyses. 6. Monitor and verify field data collection procedures. Regulatory Unit 1. Prepare draft legislation for regulation of surface and groundwater. 2. Determine potential areas of groundwater regula- tion without legislation. 3. Develop a public information programme to inform the public and other interested parties on the need for regulation. - 30 - Annex 2 Attachment 2 Page 5 of 12 E. CHIEF ENGINEER, PLAN FORMULATION Engineering/Hydrology 1. Identify specific data needs from Basins. 2. Conduct engineering analyses. 3. Evaluate alternative engineering solutions. 4. Conduct applied hydrology studies. 5. Perform preliminary designs and estimates. Environment Cell 1. Perform environomental review of projects to comply with Environmental Protection Acts and Regulations. 2. Provide expert advice to WRO management units. 3. Conduct water quality analysis. 4. Plan for environmental mitigation and enhancement. 5. Provide environmental clearance from Government of Tamil Nadu. 6. Periodic reviews during operation and mainte- nance. Socio/Econ/Agronomy 1. Conduct sociological studies. 2. Conduct benefit cost analysis and impacts. 3. Analyse agricultural prices on a macro basis and make available to farmers. 4. Analyse land acquisition impacts. 5. Analyse soil conditions for agricultural purpose. 6. Periodic evaluation of benefits. 7. Review and update economic criteria for project evaluation. - 31- Annex 2 Attachment 2 Page 6 of 12 Project Planning -1. Establish planning data base, standards and periodical review. 2. Preparation of preliminary and feasibility studies of specific projects/programmes. 3. Coordinates planning activities with Basin Manager and other Chief Engineers. 4. Reviews planning reports prepared in basin. 5. Supervise WRO drilling program. Report Preparation 1. Prepares narrative tables, charts, graphs and assembles reports. 2. Provides for review of reports and summaries bv all appropriate parties. Special Studies 1. Prepares analyses, studies and reports, usually not leading to specific schemes, of particular concerns such as conjunctive use, drainage relief, recharge potential, sea water intrusion and pollution. F. CHIEF ENGINEER, DESIGN, RESEARCH AND CONSTRUCTION SUPPORT Designs 1.. Establish, review and update design standards. 2. Designs all features including rehabilitation, tanks, modernisation, safety of dams, civil, mechanical, electrical in WRO except those dele- gated to basins. 3. Furnishes feasibility designs to CE (Plan Formulation). 4. Final responsiblity for all designs in WRO. 5. Prepares technical secifications. - 32 - Annex 2 Attachment 2 Page 7 of 12 6. Prepares feasibility and final designs and specification estimates. 7. Prepare designers operating criteria for all structures. Safety of Dams & other Structures 1. Establish statewide standards, in cooperation with the Central Water Commission GOI, for dam safety measures. 2. Develop proposals for dam safety deficiencies. 3. Monitor adequacy of designs, design reviews, and quality control of large dams and other large structures. 4. Monitor and report status of operation and maintenance manuals, designers operating criteria and standing operating procedures for all large dams and other major structures. 5. Ensure preparation of emergency action plans. Soils and Concrete laboratory 1. Engineering geologic evaluations. 2. Aggregate and soils testing. 3. Concrete mix design and testing. Institute of Hydraulics and Hydrology 1. Respond to requests for solutions to new and recurring problems to designers and users. 2. Conduct special studies in applied hydraulics, such as river scour, calibration of weirs, and energy disipation structures. 3. Conduct special modeling in flood control studies. 4. Conduct sedimentation surveys in reservoirs and tanks. 5. Construct and evalulate hydraulic models of new and innovative structures. - 33 - Annex 2 Attachment 2 Page 8 of 12 Construction Policies, Procedures & Standards 1. Develop, review and update general construction policies and procedures. (a) Field construction staffing and mobility requirements. (b) Training. (c) Inspection. (d) Laboratories. (e) Reports. (f) Tendering procedures. (g) Mode of payments. 2. Develop, review and update standards. (a) Tender documents. (b) Claims (normal & disputed) and additional work. (c) Inspection reports. (d) Payment vouchers. (e) Completion plans. (f) Laboratory tests. (g) Construction scheduling. Contract Administration & Quality Control 1. Review tender documents. 2. Assist basins in complex, construction problems. 3. Assist in problems with contractors. 4. Review design for design unit for constructability. 5. Recommend changes in designs due to differing site conditions. 6. Ensure quality control procedures and standards are implemented. Construction Progress Reports 1. Assemble all monthly construction reports in WRO. 2. Prepare consolidated reports for EIC and Programme Budget office. 3. Review reports for deviations from the programme schedule and inform contract administration unit. - 34 - Annex 2 Attachment 2 Page 9 of 12 Machinery 1. Provide all heavv equipment for construction and operation and maintenance. 2. Assist construction and operation and maintenance in assessing equipment needs. Workshop & Stores 1. Establish standards for design and maintenance of gates and related structures. 2. Design and fabricate gates and related structures based on data from design units. 3. Install gates and related structures. 4. Repair gates and related structures. G. CHIEF ENGINEER, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE Operations 1. Develop policies, regulations and standards for reservoir and delivery systems. 2. Co-ordinate with Environmental Cell on operational issues. 3. Assist basins in preparing operations plans and standing operating procedures. 4. Review and approve basin operation policy. 5. Advise CE (Plan Formulation) on operational issues for new studies/schemes. Special Analyses 1. State of the art systems analyses for river basins. 2. Environmental impacts of river/delivery system operations. 3. Develop drought plans. 4. Affects of floods on delivery system operation. - 35 - Annex 2 Attachment 2 Page 10 of 12 5. Adequacy of communication systems. Inter State Water 1. Analyse interstate water transactions. 2. Assemble data on inter state water impacts. 3. Evaluate issues in disputes. 4. Coordinate with Basin Managers. Maintenance Standards 1. Develop review and update standards for maintenance of facilities including those turned over to Farmers Organisations. 2. Develop preventative maintenance procedures. 3. Develop procedures for review of maintenance. Review of Maintenance 1. Maintain maintenance records statewide. 2. Schedule review of maintenance of basin facilities turned over to farmers. 3. Identify and resolve common and/or recurring deficiencies. Farmers Organisations and Turnover (FOT) 1. Ensure maximum possible participation of farmers in irrigation management including operations and maintenance, implementation of rehabilitation! modernisation, and new schemes. 2. Establish and update necessary legal and policy criteria in support of the FOT program. 3. Ensure the integration of system improvements with farmer participation. 4. Ensure that resources in terms of funds, trained staff, consultancy assistance, and support services are available. 5. Maintain systematic socio-economic and other relevant data on the formation and functioning of FOT. - 36 - Annex 2 Attachment 2 Page 11 of 12 6. Ensure, through IMTI, that training needs for FOT program are met. 7. Ensure linkages between WRO and other non- gov- ernmental agencies to meet needs of manpower, training and FOT program implementation. H. BASIN MANAGER 1. Develop goals and objectives for the Basin. 2. Establish priorities of work. 3. Establish adequate quality control measures. 4. Ensure sound environmental, land acquisition and economic rehabilitation, and farmer organisation and turnover programs. 5. Maintain public participation program. 6. Coordinate basin activities with other Departmental units, other governmental agencies, water users, and the public. 7. Maintain appropriate interstate relations. 8. Establish Basin Advisory Committees. Plan Formulation and Coordination 1. Collect data for planning of projects/schemes/ programs. 2. Analyse data and perform engineering and hydrologic analyses for inclusion in reports. 3. Plan and complete reports on projects and pro- grammes in coordination with CE (Plan Formula- tion) and other WRO units. 4. Perform environmental- monitoring and data collection and eveluate specific field problems. 5. Conduct water quality tests in laboratories. 6. Coordinate closely with other Tamil Nadu agencies te.g. Agriculture, PCB, TWAD, Metro Water). 7. Coordinate with farmers and FO on new schemes. - 37 - Annex 2 Attachment 2 Page 12 of 12 8. Determine land acquisition requirements. Design and Construction 1. Collect design data for basin designers and for CE (Design, Research and Construction) (DRC). 2. Transmit certain designs to the CE, DRC for review and approval. 3. Monitor, assist and report to Basin Manager con- struction activities in the basin. 4. Review all quality control measures in the basin. Operation and Maintenance 1. Assist in preparation of operation and maintenance plans in territorial circles. 2. Furnish operational data to plan Formulation and Coordination division for use for planning purposes. 3. Schedule review of maintenance in coordination with CE (O&M). 4. Negotiate Memorandums of Agreement with FO and implement FOT programme. Territorial Circles 1. Perform day-to-day operations and maintenance. 2. Coordinate with farmers and Farmers Organisations. 3. Coordinate with other water user organisations. 4. Prepare, record and provide to management in coordination with the collector(s). 5. Manage the Divisions responsible for sub-basin activities. Additional Circles 1. Performs construction administration. 2. Performs other duties as prescribed by the Basin Manager. - 38 - Annex 3 Page 1 of 5 INDIA TAMIL NADU WATER RESOURCES CONSOLIDATION PROJECT Water Planning, Allocation and Management General 1. The Tamil Nadu Water Resources Consolidation Project (WRCP) will introduce a more rational and sustainable system of water resources development in the State of Tamil Nadu. At present water resource developments are taking place across the State in a piecemeal manner on a scheme by scheme basis. Coordination amongst the different agencies involved in the development of water resources is also minimal. Recognizing this major drawback, GOTN established during the course of preparation of this project (in September 1993) a coordinating body called the Water Resources Control and Review Council (WRCRC). This council is chaired by the Chief Minister with the Minister for PWD(WRO) acting as one of three vice-chairmen. All GOTN departments concerned with the development and use of water resources in an environmentally sustainable manner are represented in this council. An environmental committee will be set up under the WRCRC to ensure adequate emphasis on environmental protection and enhancement in the development of water resources in the State. Institute of Water Studies (IWS) has been appointed as the Secretariat for the WRCRC. Tamil Nadu is a water scarce State. Water demands of various sectors have to be met in an optimal and coordinated manner to make the best use of the limited water available. In order to achieve this, developments will have to be analysed in the context of a river basin or sub-basin. A State Water Policy (SWP) in line with the National Water Policy (GOI, 1987), has also been prepared by GOTN. The SWP recommends basin planning as an essential prerequisite for further development. IWS has been appointed as the nodal agency for State Water Planning. Basin and State water planning activities would be carried out by the Institute of Water Studies (IWS) which comes under the Engineer-in-Chief of WRO. 2. General guidelines developed by the CWC are being adopted in preparing River Basin Plans. The basic approach consists of estimating total water availability in each basin/sub-basin at the beginning of each planned period and matching it with the total demand - irrigation, hydropower, domestic, industrial, livestock, fisheries, environmental, recreation, etc. Water availability is computed on the basis of the water resources of the basin and resources from outside the basin transferred to the basin. The demands are based on the socio-economic status of the basin. In assessing the resources of ungaged basins, standard techniques would be used. Requirements for additional hydrometeorological stations would be identified Similarly, appropriate techniques would be employed to estimate the groundwater resource availability categorised by differing quality ranges. GIS (Geographic Information Systems) Technology would be used in preparing data and presenting results. Simulation models such as catchment response models, reservoir operation models and optimization techniques using linear and dynamic programming would be adopted to evaluate development options and investment scenarios. Recommendations for allocation of resources over the plan period will be arrived at based on these studies. Following the preparation of a basin development plan, management strategies would be developed. Real Time Computer Aided Management Systems similar to that prepared by the Indian Institute of Technology for the Thambaraparani Basin would be developed for all the basins. Such systems will assist the field operators in more timely and wiser decision making in regard to bulk water supply operations. - 39 - Annex 3 Page 2 of 5 3. Planning horizons of 5 years, 10 years, 25 years and 50 years will be used. The 5 and 10-year plans will be short term plans whilst the 25 and 50- year plans will be longer term plans. In each basin, potential for additional storage and other water management and conservation techniques would be examined including groundwater artificial recharge and water harvesting. Given the tight water situation in Tamil Nadu, the Basin Plans should also explore the technical and environmental viability of non-conventional resources such as reuse of waste water and rainwater harvesting. For inter-State riverbasins, flows available to Tamil Nadu at entry point of the river system to the State would be considered in determining water availability. The plan prepared for such basins would also provide the necessary tools to negotiate further inter- State transfer of water. 4. Basin plans should include needs for establishing minimum flows required during certain periods of the year for environmental purposes and to maintain certain water quality standards. They should also consider the very high degree of reliability required for drinking water supplies even during drought years. A 'Drought Water Plan' should be developed for each basin along with a normal plan where 1 in 50 or 1 in 100 year drought conditions are estimated and measures outlined for restriction of preselected water deliveries to meet critical needs. Drought Water Plans would provide the necessary tools to rapidly respond to critical and emergency drought situations. 5. The State of Tamil Nadu is drained by seventeen river basins varying in size from 1,670 sq.km (Kodayar Basin) to 44,010 sq.km (Cauvery Basin) . Thirteen basins are contained within the State while four basins including Cauvery Basin are inter-State. The total surface and groundwater resources are estimated to be 24,864 million cubic meters (MCM) and 25,291 MCM respectively. With a population of 55.6 million (1991 estimates) the per capita water availability is about 900 cu.m which is less than a quarter of the national average of 4000 cu.m. About 95% of the surface water resources and about 65% of the groundwater resources have already been developed, primarily to meet agricultural needs. 6. Preliminary water resource assessments of twelve basins have been carried out by IWS since 1983 either on its own or with technical and financial assistance from UNDP. Rapid assessment of water resources of the remaining five basins is currently under way. The work carried out so far covers basin physiography, geology, meteorology, hydrology and hydrogeology as well as appraisals of existing irrigation and other schemes. Assessment of water resources is based on measured data in about ten basins - short period historic gauged data in five basins and data measured at dams and diversion weirs in five other basins. The remaining seven basins do not have any measured data of any kind. This deficit is to be rectified through the proposed National Hydrology Project (NHP) to be financed by the Bank. The flow measuring network would be improved under the NHP through the installation of 100 additional gauging stations (at present there are only 33 gauges in the State). Irrigation water demands are based on crop water requirements computed using the modified Penman method with assumed overall irrigation efficiency of 60%. Domestic and industrial water demands are based on certain assumed growth rates in these sectors. 7. In addition to the above, IWS has carried out Water Resources Management Studies for three basins in conjunction with UNDP. Three more basins are currently being studied. These studies focus on various management strategies in a basin and include recommendations on the improvement of existing schemes and on the implementation of new schemes. Basin water balance is computed from a computer simulation model consisting of a tank irrigation module, river/reservoir module and a regional groundwater module. - 40 - Annex 3 Page 3 of 5 B. Activities described above for basin planning can be carried out by IWS with suitable technical and other assistance from the project. Water planning, allocation and management capabilities of GOTN will be upgraded through improvements to the physical, financial and human resources of IWS. Institute for Water Studies 9. Planning, allocation and management of GOTN's water and related land resources capabilities will be improved by activities at basin and State-wide (or macro) levels in a manner which will assist political and administrative decisions about overall resources occurrence and use including future regulatory aspects. While planning capabilities will also be improved at project specific (development and operations) levels, this Annex focuses on macro-resources planning requirements. Basin planning responsibilities, including compliance with the following schedule, have been given to the Institute for Water Studies (IWS) headed by a Director (Rank of Chief Engineer): (a) 31 March 1995 Completion of rapid assessments of 5 remaining basins not yet subjected to a water assessment. (b) December 1995 Preparation of a State wide "Framework Water Resources Plan" based on basin assessments (12 detailed together with 5 rapid assessments). (c) March 1998 Complete preparation of detailed "River Basin Plans", basin by basin and preparation of a detailed "State Water Plan". (d) 1999 and beyond Maintain updated State Water Plan by basins thereafter. Work plan details by specific river-basins are given in Table 1 of the Project Files. 10. The IWS will act as the Secretariat for the recently established Water Resources Control and Review Council (WRCRC) and, therefore, have direct access to the State's principle water policy implementation body. The WRCRC is chaired by the Chief Minister. In addition, the charter of IWS, as the nodal agency for State-wide (basin by basin) planning, will be supported by institutional arrangements that require assistance (in carrying out basin and State Planning) from the CE Plan Formulation and CE Basin Managers in each of the four regional (composite) basins that cover the entire State. Environmental planning will be an integral part of Basin activities, hence, the State water planning process. Therefore, the WRO has established environmental cells, respectively, within IWS, under each of the four Basin Managers and under the CE Plan Formulation. In addition, the IWS is assured of inter-departmental cooperation in its role as the State's nodal water planning agency, by the establishment of inter-departmental liasion/coordination officers for such purpose within each of the other directorates, boards and/or departmental agencies that are members of the WRCRC. (Project File Table 2). 11. Achievement of the macro-planning goals of the State will also be supported by the establishment of a State Water Resources data Center (WRDC) within WRO headed by a Chief Engineer. The WRDC will be responsible for operation of a modern system for collection, assimilation, verification and dissemination of surface water and groundwater data and associated water quality for both resource bases. These data will be made available expeditiously to all users within the State, including basin managers and project - specific planners as well as inter - departmental agencies responsible for multi-purpose water planning and utilisation (urban, -41 - Annex 3 Page 4 of 5 industrial, village, energy, environmental, agricultural, etc) through modern communication and computer based systems. The WRDC will be staffed from within existing staff and administrative resources of GOTN. Establishment of the WRDC and all related improvements will be funded under the proposed National Hydrology Project. 12. In order to carry out its WRO and State-wide responsibilities, the IWS will be strengthened by additional at staff positions, as identified in Table 3 of the Project File. There are currently 57 professional and technical staff. AdditiQnal staff positions will provide a total of 96 professional and technical staff at IWS. Specific expertise will cover the following principal disciplines: engineering, geology, geophysics, hydrochemistry, environment, economics, sociology, legal, computer and other scientific-technical and administrative disciplines. The Director, IWS, has been sanctioned at Chief Engineer level. He has also been given authority to submit budget requirements directly to government without routing through another CE office (G.O.(D) No.7 PW (RZ) dated January 10, 1994) as had been the case in the past, which should enhance and expedite management of IWS. 13 Fulfilment of the IWS/WRCP planning mission requires that Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) capabilities are established for carrying out time-bound basin planning objectives. Thus, fully functional units in these technical specialities will be established within the IWS. Establishment of a GIS unit will provide capability to generate analyses, monitoring systems and maps based on digitally interpreted data covering many basic planning parameters. Placement of the current Remote Sensing Unit (formerly under the PWD's Groundwater wing) and staffing and equipping it with a full range of interpretive capabilities (photo and digital), under IWS will establish the necessary basin planning capabilities; however, substantial Training and Technical Assistance will be needed to make the staff and new equipment fully operational in terms of its assigned planning responsbilities. The investment in Training and Technical Assistance is sizeable as serious effort is needed to meet the State's urgent planning requirements and the long term benefits would be substantial. TraininQ and Technical Assistance 14. Summary estimates of IWS staff requirements (comprising short and long term course) for "Training and Study Tours in Foreign countries" are given in Table 4 of the Project File and of Staff needs for "In-service Training in India for the Technical Personnel of IWS" is given in Table 5. 15. Training proposed in foreign countries comprises 3-month (short term) courses and study tours resulting in a total of about 105 months of professional staff training in Basins and State water planning, hydrological networks, river simulations, reservoir operations, flood regulation, GIS applications, remote sensing, groundwater modeling, conjunctive use, artificial recharge, environmental assessments and applied economics. Six month (long-term) courses would include training in surface water, remote sensing, ground water assessments for which a total of about 120 months of training is estimated (see Table 4 of the Project File). 16. In-service training program in India for technical personel of IWS is summarised in Table 5 of the Project File. Training includes: computer applications in hydrology; geophysical, geochemical and photogeology; environmental science (post graduate level); and, river basin planning at the Central Training Unit, Pune. Other institutions that would carry out in- service training would be: IIT Madras, Anna University; NIH-Roorkee University; NRSA -Dehradun; NEERI, Nagpur and CWPRS, Pune. A total of 244 man- months of training of which 90 man-months would be at post graduate level- would be taken up over the 7 - year project cycle. - 42 - Annex 3 Page 5 of 5 17. Technical Assistance would be provided for IWS in the form of a long-term technical assistance package or "Twinning" relationship with a capable international organisation or company having access to expertise covering the entire range of technical disciplines required (as estimated in Table 6 of the Project File). Summarv 18. WRO's targetted areas of improved planning capabilities are summarized below: multi-disciplinary strengthening of staff through comprehensive training and technical assistance programs; establishment under IWS of GIS and remote sensing units; adoption of a comprehensive EAP including establishment of an Environmental Cell under the Director, IWS, for intensive coordination with other WRO environmental cells (5 in number) under the four Basin Managers and CE Plan Formulation; active participation of the River Basin Managers in the planning processes; direct support from and coordination with groundwater units under CE Plan Formulation; improved water quality monitoring and evaluation State - wide through improved laboratory facilities under the BAP; immediate access to high quality surface and sub-surface hydrology and meteorology data through planned establishment of the WRDC under the Bank-financed NHP; development of capabilities in computer - based technologies such as river basin hydrometeorologic and groundwater and reservoir modelling and access to all affected agencies of government through IWS's role as Secretary to WRCRC and through assigned coordinators who would assist the planning effort on a day to day basis. - 43 - Anex4 Page 1 of 22 INDIA TAMIL NADU WATER RESOURCES CONSOLIDATION PROJECT SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS AND FARMER TURNOVER Introduction 1. The increasingly high opportunity cost of irrigation water poses a challenge to the Government of Tamil Nadu (GOTN). Water must be used more productively in agriculture and the starting point for the government and the farmers is reliable, equitable, and sustainable services. Through the System Improvement and Farmer Turnover (SIFO) component of the Water Resources Consolidation Project (WRCP), the Water Resources Organization (WRO) of the GOTN will provide for structural improvements of the irrigation system to enhance reliability and equity. To ensure sustainability, the WRO will also promote active participation of farmers in system improvements and in its Operations and Maintenance (O&M). This Annex will describe the SIFO component and will present the technical, financial, and institutional features necessary for operational effectiveness of the project. Background 2. Tamil Nadu has a long tradition of irrigation development. The earliest large-ocale diversion schemes built along 'modern" lines date back to the second century A.D., while small-scale irrigation from tanks and wells has existed far longer. The current era of government-constructed irrigation infrastructure dates from the latter half of the 19th century when the British Colonial government established the Public Works Department (PWD). The PWD undertook construction of now irrigation systems, as well as repairs to village tanks. New projects generally entailed the amalgamation of existing locally-managed tanks or diversions into a single larger system managed by the PWD. The management trend has been one of steady centralization under the PWD, and a concomitant lessening of farmers' management responsibility. 3. As the government has assumed increasing responsibilities for allocation of water and for the development and operation and maintenance (O&M) of irrigation systems, there have been growing pressures to provide ever increasing financial resources for both plan and non-plan budgets. Unable to meet these demands for resources, O&M budgets have been stretched to the extent that systemic deterioration of the physical infrastructure has taken place. - 44 - Annex 4 Page 2 of 22 4. Initial corrective measures were introduced in the 1980. through a systematic program of rehabilitation investments to restore some of the largest systems to their original performance levels. World Bank financing for this effort included the Periyar Vaigai Rehabilitation Project and the National Water Management Project (NWMP), an umbrella project covering seven schemes, with start-up activities in several others throughout the state. Both these projects have focussed on rectifying the physical deterioration caused by deferred maintenance, with attendant improvements in system design. 5. Under the WRCP, the need for rehabilitation will be addressed as an opportunity not only to meet the original design standards, but also to modernize and reorient the system to meet the new demands of agricultural production. The project seeks to improve system performance through three important elements: a) Infrastructure improvements in the system from the head of the main canal to the sluices including structural repairs, changes in regulatory structures, and works for the restoration of design canal capacity in line with: (i) an operational plan prepared in association with farmers; and (ii) a system of water control designed to deliver water in proportion to command area below the structured level; b) Enhancement of staff skills of specialized O&M units within a reorganized WRO in the formulation and implementation of operational plans and in the formulation of a maintenance program aided by the introduction of a number of modern technologies and management systems. These will include computer aided design, wireless and electronic communication, remote sensing, and basin management; and c) A new type of public-private partnership through intensive farmer participation in planning the above infrastructural improvements and through decentralized management of the irrigation system with farmers' organizations taking full operational and financial responsibility for O&M of the system, typically below the distributary or minor, covering about 500 ha. 6. The WRCP integrates these three elements as mutually reinforcing components, learning from previous Bank experience that it is important not to pursue the design and implementation of these elements independent of each other. For instance, rehabilitation investments without adequate attention to system management or farmer participation have, in the past, resulted in the construction of civil works without financial and institutional sustainability. Under the WRCP, the rehabilitation and modernization of the system will be contingent on farmer interest and agreement to turn over O&M responsibilities below the structured level to farmer organizations. Similarly, cost recovery efforts through farmer participation in past Bank projects have yielded few results where inadequate attention was paid to system improvements to ensure reliable water flow, especially at the tail - 45 - Annex 4 Page 3 of 22 outlets. In WRCP, the implementation of a program of reliable and equitable water service will be accompanied by financial and management participation by farmer.. 7. WRCP-financed physical improvements, coupled with a new management partnership between farmers and the WRO, will set the stage for a new era of irrigated agriculture in the State. Eventually, the WRO will be able to negotiate contracts with farmer organizations for a set proportion of available water. There are opportunities to explore volumetric delivery and pricing of water. Further improvements in design can follow from farmers' interests and the demands of diversified agriculture in the State. System deficiencies S. The WRO provides irrigation services to a Culturable Command Area (CCA) of over 2.2 million ha in Tamil Nadu through major and medium schemes (about 1.5 million ha) and minor schemes (0.7 million ha). Many of these schemes are old and have been proposed for rehabilitation and modernization under the WRCP. 9. A detailed assessment carried out by the WRO with the assistance of national and international consultants in preparation for the WRCP pointed to several deficiencies resulting from deasign errors, operational gaps, and the long neglect of O&M, contributing significantly to the unreliable and inequitable distribution of water and poor irrigation services. Among the deficiencies are: a) Design problems. Inadequate capacity of main canals, distributaries, and minors due to design and construction errors (Vaigai; Parambikulam Aliyar; Kodayar); wrong alignment of channels, passing either too close to the river (Vaigai) or hill (Parambikulam Aliyar); improper entry conditions causing eddies at offtakes of main canals and distributaries (Lower Bhavani); excessive number of control structures requiring manual adjustments at unrealistically short intervals (Sathanur); inadequate surplussing arrangements (system tanks). b) Structural and maintenance problems. Damaged or deteriorated masonry structures including outlets, and cross drainage structures (almost all schemes); corroded check gates and rusted hoists; slips and slides of canal slopes (Parambikulam Aliyar, Lower Bhavani); damaged undertunnels (Lower Bhavani, Kodayar); constrictions in waterways (Kodayar); c) FLow Constraints. Heavy siltation (Palar, Poiney, Cheyyar, Vaigai); heavy seepage in main canal and distributaries (Parambikulam Aliyar, Lower Bhavani, Kodayar); weed growth (Vaigai); damaged lining (Kodayar, Parambikulam Aliyar). -46 - Annex 4 Page 4 of 22 10. The cumulative effect of these system deficiencies is unsatisfactory water management and water control. This is reflected in low operational and conveyance efficiency and unreliable supplies in all segments of the canal system. In many-existing schemes, 20 to 30 per cent of the command, mostly in the tail reaches do not receive water with another 20 to 30 per cent receiving only partial supplies. The overall water supply plan at the project level is based on "water duty" estimated from experience. Often, crop needs, especially in their critical stages, actual area to be irrigated, varying precipitation in the subcommands at different times during the season, and actual conveyance and operational losses in different parts of the system are not considered. WRO's assessment also indicated insufficient field monitoring of operational plans, of water levels and water flows. 11. Fazuer Participation. The assessment noted that consultation with farmers in formulating or monitoring operational plans was inadequate, as was farmer participation in planning and designing improvements above the sluice gate. Presently, farmer participation is limited to a few government selected representatives of farmers at scheme level for finalization of water deliveries from the main canals or in deciding the opening/closing of water supply. Similarly, farmers are not involved in discussions and decisions regarding O&M of the main system, branch canals and distributaries except when there are serious breakdowns in water supply. 12. There is a linkage between design problems, lack of farmer participation and maintenance problems. Inadequate capacities, or improperly designed structures can result in unplanned water delivery and structural failures, canal slips, erosion and increased siltation. Similarly, failure to bring in the end user -- the farmer -- to the design process and in the management of O&M instills the attitude that the government is solely responsible for operation and maintenance. And the absence of consultation with farmers in formulating operational plans each season sets the stage for water thefts, damage, and further disruption of the schedule when water supplies are short. 13. The physical deficiencies pervasive in Tamil Nadu's irrigation schemes are symptomatic of deeper-rooted problems of staff skills, and centralized, top-down management. Addressing the physical ills besetting the system through rehabilitation and modernization must, therefore, as in the WRCP, be accompanied by management changes and training changing the relationship between the WRO and farmers into a management partnership. The WRCP would facilitate the process of reorientation within the WRO through system improvements, farmer organization and turnover, and agency restructuring. Infrastructure improvements 14. The system-level objectives of the WRCP are to restore or enhance design and construction standards, improve operational efficiency, and maintain the system in an excellent operating condition to meet the growing demands of reliable and equitable water supply. - 47 - Annex4 Page 5 of 22 15. Two stages of irrigation system improvement are addressed by the project. Stage I refers to irrigation systems where there has been no recent structural improvement of the main system. Physical work will focus on rehabilitating the main system to ensure proper water flow to all secondaries, and some improvements to the secondaries as well. Stage II refers to irrigation systems that have already received basic improvements in the main system as, for example, in the NWMP. Under the WRCP, these Stage II schemes will undergo modernization to improve operations throughout the system, including some work at the field channel level. Integrated with the physical improvements of both Stage I and Stage II will be organizational activities to establish a 3-tier structure of farmer associations. Through these organizations, farmers will assume full management responsibility for O&M at the distributary level and assist the WRO on main system operational planning. A. Stage I : Ensuring Reliable and Equitable Water Service and Farmer Participation. The main objective of Stage I investments is to ensure reliable and equitable delivery of water in all sections of the irrigation system and at the heads of each distributary, minor and sluice offtakes. Additionally, flow management within the distributaries will be simplified through the use of proportional dividers. Farmers will be consulted and actively associated on all phases of the improvements, including the setting of priorities for work below the distributary head. Farmer organization will run concurrently with the physical improvements. Completion of Stage I will be defined as completion of the physical works, and assumption of vigilance responsibilities at the distributary level by duly registered Farmer Councils (FCs). 1) Key elements of Stage I improvements will include the following: a) Physical improvements. Based on cost estimates of several schemes in Tamil Nadu, limited investments averaging about Rs. 5,300 per ha (ranging from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,800 per ha in different schemes) for priority works will be carried out in the main and secondary levels of the system.' Below the sluice, on-farm works averaging about Rs. 750 per ha are planned. A new design feature that will be introduced under the project is the "structured system' concept. New water control structures will be inserted or the existing ones upgraded, to deliver proportional flow to all segments of the canal below Rs. 4000 per ha was estimated on empirical grounds on the basis of field studies for 9 of the 10 schemes selected for Stage I improvements. For the remaining scheme, Vaigai, where the main canal was heavily damaged during recent floods, the investment needed is about Rs. 6,800 per ha. - 48 - Annex 4 Page 6 of 22 the structured level -- usually head of a distributary, sometimes a minor -- without manual regulation below that level. The objective is to ensure delivery of water at all offtakes below the structured level in proportion to their command. b) Farmer organization and turnover. The process of dialogue with WRO regarding Stage I improvements within the distributary will be accompanied by organizing efforts to establish FCs at the distributary level or around a suitable hydraulic unit (generally about 500 ha of command area). Councils will be registered societies and will assume full management responsibility for O&M within the distributary, and will assist the WRO in main system operational planning. By agreeing to assume distributary-level management, the farmers can (1) request further improvements under Stage II and (2) ask for information about the entire canal system operation. Details of the farmer organization and turnover (FOT) activities are given in the following section. c) Operations and maintenance. New emphasis will be placed on O&H both within the reformed structure of the WRO at the basin and scheme levels. Budget allocations for maintenance works will be set to ensure the sustainability of project-financed improvements. A new monitoring and evaluation system will be put in place based on flow and water level measurements, crop data, remote sensing techniques, and training in monitoring and evaluation. Maintenance equipment will be upgraded and new procedures implemented to ensure effective utilization of the equipment. On the operations side, a consultative process will be introduced by which project staff work with farmers through an Apex Committee at the scheme level, as well as through individual FCs, to set operational plans for each season. 2. Sequence of Physical Improvements a) The sequence of physical improvements will be confined to the main system (i.e., the main and branch canal.), for about two years. Within the distributary, the overall objective will be to provide a structured network capable of delivering water to all offtake proportionate to command area once the distributary/minor is opened (Box 1). Upon completion - 49 - Annex 4 Page 7 of 22 of the physical works, the main responsibility of the WRO will be to ensure the allocated rate of flow of water at the head of the structured network, distributary or minor as the case may be. Responsibility for managing water distribution below the structured level would be transferred to FCs, as discussed later in this section. b) The major schemes covering about 400,000 ha to be taken up for Stage I works are shown in Table 1 attached. An additional 40 minor schemes covering about 100,000 ha are shown in attached Table 2. Schemes improvement plans will be based on detailed designs and cost estimates derived from field visits. Attachment A shows the proposed schedule of investment, presented by scheme and by year. - 50 - Annex 4 Page 8 of 22 - > - >- - ,, >..> , . >..> .., ,:, ., , ~ ~~.... . ... ..... ,,... .-> > , , -. :. , , ,, -.scu~dtvI tunall "'"" b""i:azyo ii " 'oto 'tubr ''l be prisd skalofae aas .SX''S-:-S-si"5:'.~~~~~~~ . ... . .....,,,k'' -~~ 1n mc wirawlabe. naind-<- toaiemitnz o
Группа Всемирного банка · Staff Appraisal Report
India - Tamil Nadu Water Resources Consolidation Project (Vol. 2 of 2) : Annexes
Открыть оригинал документа
Полный текст размещён на сайте публикующей организации. lawenc.com индексирует метаданные и ведёт на официальный источник.
Полный текст
Основные сведения
Организация
Группа Всемирного банка
Тип документа
Staff Appraisal Report
Страна
Индия
Источник
Всемирный банк