China - Second Shanghai Sewerage Project : environmental assessment

SHANGHAI SEWERAGE, PROJECTr 2 CON-STRUCTION COMEPANY [,, r -'SHANGHAI SECDSEWERAGE PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES JUN 0 5 S0 r5;: /0 KL; } Appraisal Report - Volume 4 /4 ~~~~~~~~RECEIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSNMEN X JUN 05 The World Bank ShanhaiAcademy of Eavirnmezutal Scdences In associatio with, ga Wo. INJTtE5R- ur.. 498' -=N CONSULT J Maoa an . ;I, j.el . #. - , ,, - . .5 . .......... ..  Seod Sbanghi Sew-a Pwojec May 1995 ApptaiLl Rqxpt - Vdume 4-E nvamne Aess PREFACE Introduction This English version of the Environmental Assessment Report (EA) for the Shanghai Second Sewerage Project (SSPII) Phase I has been peared by the Shanghai Academy of Enironental Sciences (SABS) in close contac with the intemational Design Review and Advisory (DRA) Consultant. SAES was assigned by the Shanghai Sewerage Project Construction Company (SSPCC) to carry out the environmental assme for SSPII, which the World Bankc has classified as a Category A project. A Prelimiary EA (PEA) was completed by SAES in August 1994. This document was reviewed by the DRA Consultant and the conclusions were presented in the Predesign Review Report (PDR) prepared by the DRA Consultant in January 1995. Since then SAES has completed the Fmal EA. i.e. a refined and updated report based on the comments made by the DRA Consultant on the PEA, and an newly available infonnation and decisions reached during preparation of the project. The primary task for SAES has been to prepare a Chinese version of the EA, intended for the national approval process for which NEPA has responsibility. In addiion, SSPCC has responsibility for providing an English version for approval both by NEPA and the Wodd Bank. This version should comply with the World Bank Operational Directive 4.01 (OD 4.01). The DRA Consultant is responsible for ensurng that the Fmal EA has been udated in accordance with OD 4.01, and that all issues which have emerged as a result of the on-going planning process. are adequately dealt with. In order to make this feasible the DRA Consultant has worked in close co-operaion with SAES. As far as possible marial prepared by SAES, has been translated and made available to the DRA Consultant. By frequent contact, the various comments and suggestions of the DRA Consultant have been conmnunicated to SAES, to enable the Academy to consider necessary adjustnents or additions in the Chinese version of the EA. The English version of the EA is based on a translation of the Chinese version that has been submitted to NEPA for approval. Some topics considered to be of particulr interest to the World Bank have been further elaborated by the DRA Consultant and presented in Supplementary Doctuments. It should be noted that these documents are fully in accordance with the results and conclusions of the nmin report. Several reports included as background material in the Chinese version are not translated into English. RevWw 025 May 995 AppRep%v4.ow PrEfe p-1  Seod Sbaghai Sewerg Proect may 1995 Appraisal Report - Vohume 4:Ervironmeaul Asscsuent The English version is prested in the same fonmat as the Chinese version. This means that the format of OD 4-01 is not followed strictly. A List of Chapters in this dotcm includes cross- references to the OD 4.01 format for ease of refence. This procedure and format has been adopted in order to ensure high confonmity bween the two documents so that Ihe national handling and approval process can be facilitated. Scope and Status of the Report This Environmental -Assessnent Report is a 'second level' document in a series of reports produced for the World Bank appraisal of the SSPI project scheduled for June 1995. The series of reports includes three levels of docuntation; Strategic Planning Report Top level, master plan update for Shanghai City. Feasibility Report Second level, covers the whole SSPUI project, and includes several stand-alone volumes including this Enviromnental Assessment Report. However this document is mainly concened with Stage I of the Project, Enginoeerng Third level, covers SSP!I Stage 1. Report Figure p.1 illusaes the rdationship between the three levels of documentation and the various volumes. Organisation and Management of the Report This Report was prepared as part of a study carried out for the preparation of the SSPII Project, which is included in the World Banks three year lending programme for China. To carry out the study, the World Bank commissioned Design Review and Advisory Services in connection with the planning and design of the project and appointed lnacnsult A S (the DRA Consultant) to undertake the work. The contract was funded by the Norwegian Consultant Fund, Account Nr. TF 020464 The DRA Consultant entered into an associaion with Mott MacDonald of the UK for this workL In addition. bilateral funding from the Governments of France and Canada enabled specialist inputs on the trament of the wasewater and on connection/rehabilitation strategy to be provided by Sogreah of France and Reid and Crowther of Canada respectively. The work was undertake in collaboration with vanous local design bureau and consultants, and all Revision 0:25 May 1995 AppReplv4.ow Pra p-2  Secand Shanghai Sevetage Poect may 1995 Appiam Rapon - Volume 4:FAvzwinel Assmuue tasks undertaken by the DRA Conult wer performed joindy and integcly with these bodies. The Shanghi Sewerage Company (SSC) is responsible for wastewater management and SMG has formed Shanghai Sewerage Project Construction Company (SSPCC) to undertake proiect implenentation. Acdowledgeo ents The SSPII Project was undertaken jointly by the DRA Consultants and the numerous organisations which fall under the umbrella of Shanghai Municipal Government. The DRA Consultants would like to express their appreciation of the help given during the project and the prepartion of the EA by all their professional friends and collegues in Sbanghai. A list of panicipating organisasions and persons in the EA preparation work is given in Appedix F. The DRA Consultant commenced work in October 1994. Revioa 0.25 My 1995 AppRepAv4.ow Prace 3  FIGURE P.1 SECOND SHANGHAI SEWERAGE PROJECT STRUCTURE OF PROJECT APPRAISAL REPORTS PRIMARY LEVEL DOCUMENT (VOL 1) STRATEGIC PLANNING REPORT SECONDARYLEVELOOCtMENT (VOL 2) FEASLUY REPORT TEAWf LEL DOCUMENrT (OL3) ENGINEERAIG IhORT SHANGHAI CIlY SMSPIIT_S8AGE 1 | | I I I~~~~OL RESErE BENREAVi N M~~~~~~~~M  Seond Shghai Scwragc Poject May 199S APPrA Repon - Vohlnu 4:Evironenal Assussmew TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface EXECUTVE SUMMARY [NTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 Background Infonnation about Shanghai 1-1 1.1.1- LocationandClimate 1-1 1.1.2 Social Economy 1-1 1.1.3 Water Network 1-1 1.1.4 Existing Sewerage System 1-2 1.2 Sewerage Development 1-3 1.2.1 Shanghai Comibined Sewerage Project Stage I (SSPI) 1-3 1.2.2 Transfer of Water Supply Intake to the Upper Huangpu River 1-4 1.2.3 Wujing and Minhang Sewage Outfall Construction project 1-4 1.2.4 Sewage Disposal in the Pudong Area 1-4 1.2.5 Shanghai Second Sewrage Project (SSPII) 1-5 1.3 Need for the Project 1-5 1.4 Assessment Objectives 1-7 1.5 Basis of the Environental Assessment 1-7 1.6 Criteria for the Environmental Asessme 1-8 1.7 Assessmen Paramerers and Scope 1-9 - 1.7.1 Assessment Parameters 1-9 1.7.2 Assesment Scope 1-9 1.8 Contents of the Report 1-9 1.8.1 Contents of the Main Report 1-10 1.8.2 Contents of Sub-reports 1-10 1.9 Study Approach for the EA 1-12 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2-1 2.1 Service Area 2-1 2.2 Design Capacity and Watcr Quality 2-1 2.2.1 Design Capacity 2-1 2.2.2 Design Strengdh of Sewage 2-3 2.3 Options for Trunk Sewer Routing 2-5 2.3.1 Pdxi 2-5 2.3.2 Pudong 2-5 2.4 Project Elemens 2-6 Rcvision 0:24 niai 1995 AppRcpXv4woco*w Toc T-1  Scond Shani Sgew Pojeea Mav l95 Appraisal Reporn - Vohum 4:hEawoa AessmeNt 2.4.1 Pumping Stations 2-6 2.4.2 Trunk Sewer 2-7 2.4.3 Sewage Treatment Plant 2-8 2.4A Oiutfall 2-8 2.5 Construction Methods and Spoil 2-8 25.1 Construction 2-8 2.5.2 Quantity of Spoil 2-9 2.5.3 Options for Spoil Disposal 2-9 2.6 Land-Acquisition and Borrowing 2-9 2.7 Project Cost 2-10 2.8 Schedule of the Project 2-10 3. ENVIRONMENTAL SElfING OF THE PROJECT-RELATED AREA 3-1 3.1 Natral Setting 3-1 3.1.1 Geographic Situation 3-1 3.1.2 Geology and Morphology 3-1 3.1.3 Clme 3-1 3.1.4 Natrmal Disaster - Eartqupake 3-2 3.1.5 Groundwater 3-2 3.2 Ecological Enviroment 3-2 3.2.1 Coastal Shoal Resoucmes 3-2 3.2.2 Natural Vegetation 3-2 3.2.3 Planted vegetation 3-3 3.2.4 Fauna 3-3 3.3 Socio-Economic Aspects 3-3 3.3.1 Population and Land 3-3 3.3.2 Resources of Rural Labour Force 3-4 3.3.3 Agriculnural Production 3-4 3.3.4 Inhstril Productiom 3-5 3.3.5 Rural Cultral. Educational and Public health Undertakings 3-5 3.4 Status of Sewerage Systems 3-5 3A.1 Status of seweage Systen in Luwan and Xuhui Districts 3-5 3.4.2 Status of Sewerage System south of Zhaojia Gou, Pudong 3-6 4. PRESENT STATUS OF RIVER SYSTEMS IN THE SHANGHAI AREA 4-1 4.1 Environmentl Status of the Huangpu River and Illand Waterways 4-1 4.1.1 Background 4-1 4.1.2 The Huangpu River 4-1 Revision 024 4ni 1995 AppRcp%-42-- Toc T-2  Seod Sangbai Seweage Proec May 1995 Appraisat RPpon - VoVoue 4:1vmuml AssEmi 4.1.3 Puxi Tnbutaies of the Huangpu River 4-2 4.1.4 Network of Watrways in Pudong Area 4-4 4.2 Envionmental Status of the Chan2iang Estuary 4-6 4.2.1 Natural Conditions 4-6 4.2.2 Water Environmental Conditions 4-8 5. IDENTIRCATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 5-1 5.1 Project Acivities that may have Impact on the Environment 5-1 5.2 Screening of Major Factors of Enviromntal Impact 5-1 5.3 Major Potential Envronmental Impacts 5-1 5.3.1 Constmction Phase 5-1 5.3.2 Operation Phase 5-2 5.4 Envionmentl Sensitive Objects 5-2 5.5 Standards for Assessment 5-2 5.5.1 Staudards for Assessing the Water Quality of Changjiang Estuary 5-2 5.5.2 Stndards for Assessing the water Quality of Huangpu River and its Tributaries 5-2 5.5.3 Standards for Assessing Quality of the Wastewater to be disoarged 5-3 6. ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND SLUDGE DISPOSAL 6-1 6.1 Options for Wastewater Treatmemt 6-1 6.1.1 Objectives for Effluent Discharge 6-1 6.1.2 Analysis of Effluent Treatment Efficiency 6-2 6.1.3 Process Selection for Sewage Treatment 6-3 6.2 Options for Sludge Disposal 6-7 6.2.1 Sludge Quantities 6-8 6.2.2 Sludge Treatment Requirements 6-8 6.2.3 Evaluation Criteria 6-8 6.2.4 Utilization in Agriculture 6-9 6.2.5 Appficatiom on Land 6-10 6.2.6 Landfill 6-11 6.2.7 bncieration 6-13 6.2.8 Comparison of Sludge Options 6-14 6.2.9 RecoDmmendation 6-15 7. IDPACT IN WATER ENVIRONMENT OF C1HANGJIANG ESTUARY 7-1 7.1 Present Status at BaElouggang 7-1 7.2 Waste Water Dilution and Mixing Zone 7-1 Revitsion 0:24 Inuit 1995 %Pp 4 Toc T-3  Second Shmaghai Sewerage Pmjec May 1995 AFppisaI Repon - Valum 4:hEvirom lalA aemm 7.3 Prediction Method for Wastewater Discwlrge Impact 7-3 7.3.1 Mathematic Model of;he Changiang Esmary 7-3 7.3.2 Tracer Test in Changjiang Estuary 7-5 7.4 Near Field Impact Analysis for Wastewater Discharge 7-7 7.4.1 Wastewater Mixing Zone 7-7 7.4.2 Probability of Wastwater Rising to the Surface 7-9 7.4.3 Probabili y of Wastewater Reaching the Shore 7-9 7.4.4 Estimate of Upstream and Downtream Impact 7-10 7.4.5- Estimate of Vastewater Retetion Time 7-11 7.5 Far field Impact Analysis for Wastewater Discharge 7-11 7.5.1 Far Field Disersion of Water Discharge 7-11 7.5.2 Wastewater Transport 7-12 7.5.3 Polutant Transformation 7-12 7.6 Potential Impact on Ecological Enviromnent 7-13 7.6.1 Improvement of the Ecologicai Enviromment in the intertidal Zone 7-13 7.6.2 Impact on Near Fidd Ecological Environment 7-13 7.6.3 Impact on Far Field Ecological Envimnment 7-14 7.6.4 Possibility of Eutrophication in the Changjiang Estuary 7-14 7.7 Impact Prediction for Enviromeal Sensitive Objects 7-15 7.7.1 Possible Impact on Hangzhou Bay 7-15 7.7.2 Impact on Water Intakes in the Changjiang Estuary 7-15 7.7.3 Possible Impact on Inland Water Diversion 7-15 7.7.4 Possible Impact on Shanghai Pudong Nr 2 Intemnational Airport 7-16 7.8 Sumnwy of the Impact on the Aquatic Environmen 7-16 7.8.1 Use of Water Body 7-16 7.8.2 Mixing Zone of Sewage 7-16 7.8.3 Area Affected 7-16 7.8.4 Acceptability of the Sewage Discharge and Pollution Control 7-16 7.8.5 Ecological Implication 7-17 7.8.6 Potential Effects on EnvirmentaUlly Sensitive Objects 7-17 8. IWACT ON INLAND ENVIRONMENT 8-1 8.1 Predicted Quality of Inland Water Environmnt 8-1 8.1.1 Water Quality Model of River Network 8-1 8.1.2 Calculation Condition 8-1 8.1.3 Calculation Procedure 8-2 8.2 Impact Assessment for Inland Water Envirnmental Quality 8-4 9. POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF PROJECT CONSTRUCTION ON THE NATURAL, ECOLOGICAL AND SOCLAL ENVIRONMENT 9-1 9.1 Benefits 9-1 Revision 024 mai 1995 App%v40oc.o Toc T-4  SecoTd Shanghai Sewergc Projec May 1995 Appaisal Repont - Volume 4:EAvironini Assessment 9.1.1 Environmental Improvements in the Area served by die Project 9-1 9.1.2 Environmental Improvements at the Outf2ll Area 9-2 9.2 Impacts on Nanaual and Ecological Environent 9-2 9.2.1 Impacts on Artificial Vegetation 9-2 9.2.2 Impact on Nantual Vegetation 9-3 9.2.3 Inpact on Wildlife 9-3 9.2.4 Impacts on Rivers 9-4 9.2.5 Impacts on Surface Waters along the Proposed Route 9-4 9.2.6 Impacts on Groundwater 9-4 9.3 ripacts on Social Environment 9-5 9.3.1 Introduction 9-5 9.3.2 Impacts firn Land Acquisition 9-6 9.3.3 Impacts on Buildings 9-8 9.3.4 Impacts on Existing Villages 9-13 9-3.5 Impacts on Transportation 9-14 9.3.6 Impacts on Farm Land 9-15 9.3.7 Impact on Electrical Power and Communication Lines 9-16 9.3.8 Impact on Cultural Relics, Historic Sites and Graves 9-16 9.3.9 Impact of Wind borne Dust and Noise 9-16 9.3.10 impact of Consnzction and Domestic Wastes 9-16 9.3.11 hnpact on Water Supply Sources 9-17 9.3.12 Impact of Spoil 9-17 9.4 Public Participation 9-18 9.4.1 Method 9-18 9.4.2 Investigation Scope 9-18 9.4.3 People Investigated 9-18 9.4.4 Investigation Result 9-18 9.4.5 Summary of Public Opinion 9-22 10. RISK ASSESSMENT 10-1 10.1 Risk Impact Assessmen for Changjiang Estuary 10-1 10.1.1 Possible Earthquake Inpact on the Outfall 10-1 10 1.2 Damage by Ships 10-1 10.1.3 Environmental Impact Caused by Emergency Discharge . 1-1 10.1 4 Risk Caused by Scomuing or Siltation 10-2 10.2 Risk Impact Assessment for Inflad Waterways 10-2 10.3 Risk Assessment for Sewerage Systen Maintenance 10-2 I1. MTIGATION MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS 11-1 11.1 Objectives 11-1 11.2 Mitigation Measures for Social Impact from Land Acquisition 11-1 11.2.1 Rational Resetldement of Labour Force 11-1 Revision 0:24 uni N95 AppRcp%v4-o TOC T-5  Second Shanuai Swew-ge Pijece May 1995 Appmisal Repont - Volume 4-kEnviwAnomeul Assessment 112.2 Compensation for Land Lease 11-1 11.3 Mitigation M4easures for Project Impact on Buildings _ 11-2 11.3.1 Co(mpation and Resettlement 11-2 11.3.2 Building New Structures for Affected Enterprises 11-2 11.3.3 Minimizing Construction Impact on Buidings 11-2 11.4 Mitigation Measures for Traffic Impact 11-2 11.4.1 Route Selection 11-2 11.4.2 Building Temporary Bridges 11-3 1 1.43 Notice and Signs for River Sections under Constructions 11-3 11.5 Mitigation Measures for Impact on Fannland 11-3 11.5.1 Strict Control of Effluent Drainage 11-3 11.5.2 Recovery of Borrowed Farm Land 11-3 11.5.3 Temporary Channels for Water Irrigation and Drainage 11-4 11.5.4 Building new and Temporary Irrigation Pumping Stations 11-4 11.6 Mitigation Measures for Impact on Water Environment 11-4 11.6.1 Sedimentation Tanks for Reducing Sand from Construction Effluent 11-4 11.6.2 Readjusting Water Level and Preventing River Flooding 11-4 11.7 Mitigation Measures for Impact on Vegetation 11-5 11.8 Mitigation Measures for Impact on Electrical Power Supply and Communications etc. 11-5 11.9 Measures for Cultural Reics, Historic Sites and Graves 11-5 11.9.1 Timely Reporting and Fmdings to Department Concerned 11-5 11.9.2 Respecting Local Customs 11-5 11.10 Dust Reduction 11-6 11.11 Construction Noise Control 11-6 11.12 Disposal of Wastes from Construction Sites 11-6 11.13 Water Supply for Project-affected Residents 11-6 11.14 Preparing Plan for Transporfing and Disposal of Spoil and Construction Wastes 11-7 11.15 Enhancement of Sewage Dispersion 11-7 11.15.1 LayoutofDiffusorSystmatrSewageOutfall 11-7 11.15.2 Orientation of Sewage Outfall Diffusor Ports 11-7 11.15.3 Warming Signs around the Sewage Outfall 11-8 11.15.4 Impact Control of Emergency Outfall 11-8 11.15.5 Threat of Riverbed Scour to Diffusor Safety 11-8 11.16 Mitigation Measures for Sludge Diposal 11-8 11.16.1 Heavy metal Control 11-8 11.16.2 Recovery and Utilization of Methane 11-9 11.16.3 Prevention of Beach Pollution by Leachate from Landfilt Sites 11-9 11.17 Summary of Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures 11-10 Rvision 024 nai 1995 AppRptav4c.ow Toc T-6  Second Shanghai Sewerage Pfocct May 1995 Appraisal Rcport - Volume 4XEvignumeanl Auemi 12. MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING OF THE SSPII PROJECr 12-; 12.1 Management during Project Construction 12-1 12.1.1 Basis for Project Consmuction Managemmnt 12-1 12.1.2 Management Organization 12-1 12.1.3 Construction Preparation Management 12-1 12.1.4 Management of Project Construction 12-2 12.2 Management of the SSPn System 12-5 12.2.1 Management Basis 12-5 12.2.2 Managerial Institution 12-6 12.2.3 Co-ordination of Managerial Agencies 12-8 12.2.4 Preparation of Progmme for Operational Management of the SSPII System 12-9 12.2.5 Publicity and Education 12-10 12.3 Monitoring Programme for Operation of the System 12-10 12.3.1 Monitong Sandards 12-10 12-3.2 Major Targets of Monitoring 12-10 12.3.3 Monitoring Variables and Sampling Frequeny 12-12 12.3.4 Layout of Monitoring Sampling and Monitoring Methods 12-12 12.4 Set-up of Monitoring Systen 12-13 12.5 Monitoring Institutional Arrangements 12-13 13. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMhMENDATIONS 13-1 LlST OF TABLES 1.1 Existing Sewerage Systm in Sbanghai 4.1 Typical Curren Velocities at Bailoggang of the Changjiang Esuary 4.2 Water Quality at South Channel (1987-1991) 4.3 Water Quality at Bailonggang (1992) 4.4 Distribution of Main Pollutants m the Water Body and Water Phase at Bailonggang 4.5 Average Surface Substrate Quality at Bailonggang 4.6 Plankton Species 4.7 Diversity Indices Distnrbution of Large Benthos over Sampling Points 4.8 Heavy metal Ccentraton in Muscle of Fishes Caught in the Changiang Estuary 4.9 Historical Water depth at Bailonggang 4.10 Maximum Scouring of Near Shore River Bed at Bailongpng (1958-1990) 6.1 National Integated Standard for Wasewater Discae 6.2 Pollution Reduction Re airments for the SSPII 6.3 Removal Efficiency of Primary Treatment Revision 0.24 nim 1995 AMRPcp%v4u- Toc T-7  Secand Shanghai Scwcgc Pnoiea May 1995 Appraisal RepoFt - Volume 4:Envimonmc AssMemt 6.4 Renoval Efficiency of Enhanced Primy Treatnent 6.5 Removal Efficiency of Secondary Treatment 6.6 Sludge Production 6.7 Pollutant Content of Sludge from Treatment Works in Shanghai 6.8 Cost Estimates for Sewage Treatment Works 6.9 Sludge Treatrsent requiremes and Disposal Principles 6.10 Evaluation of Sludge Disposal Options 7.1 M _iimm Eiilution Required at Eailonggang (Drought Season) 7.2 Minimum Dilution Required at Bailonggang (Flood Season) 7.3 Average Minimum Dilution Required at Bailonggang 7.4 Mathematical Modelling Sinmlation Programme (1,700,000 n/day) 7.5 Tracer Test Programme 7.6 Area of Wastewater Mixing Zone 7.7 Probability if Rising to Surface under Different Conditions 7.8 Contact Frequency of the Boundary and the Shore under Different Hydrological Conditions 7.9 Distance (m) between OC,C=O.I mg/l and the Bailonggang Outfall 7.1O Estimation of retention Time (days) for the Water Body at Bailonggang 9.1 Agricultural Land and Trees Affected by the Project Consuction 9.2 Land Acquisition and Rental and Related Cost for the Consruction of SSPH 9.3 Buildings Affected by the Project Construction 9.4 Public Questionnaire Form 9.5 Result of Public Questionnaire 10.1 Impact on Water Intakes Resulting from Damage to the Sewerage System 12.1 Requirements for Surface Water Monitoring Revision 0.24 uai 1995 AppiRcpv4Ooc.ow Toc T-8  Second Shanghai Sewcrge Project May 1995 Apprasal IRepon - Volume 4:Envimnmeab Asse LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Location of Shanghai 1.2 Position of Shanghai in the National Economy 1.3 Huangpu River System 1.4 Planned Sewerage Service Areas in Shanghai 1.5 Aligmnent of Existing Pipelines 1.6 Alignment of Water Supply Conveyers 1.7 Proposed Alignment of SSPII 1.8 Approach of EA 2.1 Service Area of SSPII (excluding Wujing Minhang) 2.2 Conveyer Aligmnet of SSPII, Phase I 2.3 Alternive Routing of South Line 2.4 Location of SSPII Pwnping Stations 3.1 Townships in Pudong Area (along the SSPII roung) 3.2 Location of Pumping Station in Puxi 4.1 Huangpu River System and Water Quality Monitoring Stations 4.2 Water Quality Monitoring Sections of Longhmagang and Puhuitang 4.3 Pudong River System and Monitoring Sections 4.4 Locations for Sampling Large Benthos at the Changjiang Estuary 4.5 Heavy Metal (Cd, Cu and Zn) Accumulation in Corbicula flummea Samples Taken at Intertidal Zones near Bailonggang of Changjiang Estuary 4.6 Heavy Metal (Hg. Cr and Pb) Accumulation in Corbicula fluminea Samples Taken at Intertidal Zones near Bailonggang of Changjiang EsuaLry 4.7 Sea-Bed Profile at Bailonggang of the Changiang Estuary 5.1 IdentiTication of Environmental Impacts for the SSPII 7.1 Mathematic Model Area 7.2 Grids of Mathematic Model 7.3 Curem Field of Bailonggang Water Body during Flood Season (a) 7.4 Curent Field of Bailooggang Water Body during Flood Season (b) 7.5 Current Field of Bailonggang Water Body durng Dry Season (a) 7.6 Curent FEidd of Bailonggang Water Body during Dry Season (b) 7.7 Dilution Contour of Sewage Discharge Based on Mathematic Model in Dry Season (with Flow of 7000 m3/s at Datong Station) 7.8 Dilution Contour of Sewage Discharge Based on Mathematc Model in Mean Flow Season (with Flow of 30000 m3/s at Datong Station) 7.9 Relation between the Concentration of Rhodainme B and Diffusion -rme in Trcing-test ReuSm 0-26 Mm 199 Ap~v4.ew Fl_- F-i  Second Shanghi Sewege Proiea May 1995 Appm1 Rqon - Voume 4:Envirooenfa Assesut during Ebb Tide 7.10 Relation between the Concentration of Rhodamine B and Diffusion Time in Tracing-test during Rising Tide 7,11 Far Field Impact of Sewage Discharge in BOD5 based on Model (Dry Season and Flood Season) 7.12 Far Field Impact of Sewage Discharge in Ammonia based on Model (Mean Flow Season) 7.13 Euler Residual Current Field 8.1 Huangpu and Pudong River Systems 9.1 Principle Roads in Pudong Area 12.1 Diagram of Existing Management Configuration of Combined Sewerage System in Shangai 12.2 Arrangement of Responsibilities for Combined Sewerage System Monitoring Reviion O26 Maw 1995 A 4w F-2  Secon Shanghai Senge Pmje may 1995 Appai9 Report - Volume S:Evironmental Asesunie SHANGHAI SECOND SEWERAGE PROJECT ENVIRONMNTAL ASSESSMEN LIST OF CHAPTERS Reference to OD 4.01 Annex B' Preface EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (a) '- INTRODUCTION (b) 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION (c) 3. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE PROJECT-RELATED AREA (d) 4. PRESENT STATUS OF THE RIVER SYSTEM IN THE SHANGHAI AREA (d) 5. IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS (e) 6. ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND SLUDGE DISPOSAL (ft 7. IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT ON CHANGJIANG ESTUARY (e) 8. IMPACT ON INLAND ENVIRONMENT (e) 9. POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF PROJECT CONSTRUCTION ON THE NATURAL, ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT (e) 10. RISK ASSESSMENT 11. MITIGATION MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENT EMPACrS (j) 12. MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING OF THE SSPII SYSTEM (hi) 13. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 'The World Bank Operational Manual. Operational Directives 4.01: Enviomnental Assessment. RPeisonl024 mai 195 AppftWp4.O Lci  Secoo Shi Seweragc PojeJC May 1995 Appraisal Report - Voluate 4:Environamenal Assessm EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background Shanghai, with a population of approximately 13 million people and the People's Republic of China's largest metmpolitan area, is presently enjoying an unprecedented economic growth. However, the present urban services, and in particular the sewerage and sanitation system is not compatible with Shanghai's aspiratioa1 to beoDme a major ecowomic aid financial centre. To improve Shanghai's sanitation, and to reverse the deterioration in the water quality of the rivers and canals in the metropolitan are brought about by discharges of industial wastes and untreated sewage, the Shanghai Municipal Government (SMG) has begun a phased programme of improvements. One of the major projects is the Shanghai Second Sewerage Project (SSPJI) In Shanghai, the Shanghai Sewerage Company (SSC) is responsible for management of the sewerage system. The Shanghai Sewerage Project Construction Company (SSPCC) has been formed by SMG to undertake project implementation. SMG has requested the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank) for financial support to SSPII The Environmental Assessment Report (EA) for SSPIL Phase I, has been produced to meet the requiements of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the World Bank. The World Bank has advised that the SSPII project is a Category A projecL Shanghai Academy of Environental Sciences (SAES) has been conmissioned by SSPCC to prepare the EA. The legal framework for the EA is the Enviromnental Protection Law, the Water Law, the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, and the Land Management Law of the People's Republic of China, together with a number of national and local regulations and standards based on these laws- The SSPII Project SSPI will collect wastewater from the Wujing and Minhang Industrial areas, from the Xuhui. Luwan, Huangpu. Hongkou and Yangpu districts in Puxi. and from the Pudong New Area. Because of the substantial invesunents required, the SSPI project will be implemented in phases. A priority has been laid down for the order in which the SSPn drainage catcbments are to be served. The Phase I service area will be the Wujing and Minhang industrial areas, the Xuhui and Luwan districts of Puxi, and 156 kn2 of the Pudong New Area. In total, the Phase I service area will cover 269.5 lak2 with a population of 2.8 million. The wastewater volume for Phase I is ested to be 1.7 million m31day, while the ultinate flow (year 2020) is 5.1 million m3lday. Revisiu:23 May 1995 AppRep4cx=.owv EJc E-l  Second Shanhai Sewerage Project May 1995 Appraisal Report - Volme 4:Enivironauetal Assessmrne The main components of the SSPII project are interception facilities, inverted siphons underneath the Huangpu River and other water channcls, sewage conveyors, wastewater treatment and sludge handling facilities, and a submerged outfall into the Changjiang Esuary. The tota! capital cost (including land) of the SSPII. Phase l, is estimated to be 5.177 billion Yuan-. The completion date for Phase I is 1998. Existing Water Environment Status The Shanghai area has a network of rivers and canals. The principal river, the Huangpu. flows through the metropolitan area The Huangpu is a tidal river with a net average flow of 341 mA/s. In addition to the functions of navigation, industrial and agricultural water use. The Huangpu is also a source of drinking water to the Shanghai area. The Huangpu receives the majority of the municipal wastewater. and is polluted. The water quality has been monitored at different sections of the river, and the results show high contents of pollutants such as organic material (COD) and ammonia- nitrogen. The tributaries and canals connected to Huangpu are controlled by sluicegates. These tnbutaries are generally heavily polluted ("black and stink'). There are several water intakes in these tributaries supplying different townships with water. The Changjiang (Yangtze River), the longest nver in China, flows to the north of Shanghai about 20 kn away from the City Proper, and has an average flow of 29,300 m3Is. The Changjiang flows into the East China Sea. Bailonggang, which is located on the South Channd of the estuazy, is proposed as the location for the SSPII Phase I outfall. The water quality around Bailonggang is mainly affected by the river flow, the tide and the coastal current. A water quality survey indicates that the water quality is basically good, with a few exceptions. COD values indicate some pollution. and ammonia- nitrogen is affected by the water coming frm upstream, especially during the drought season. The dissolved oxygen is always mntained at a high level. The ChangJiang carries silt from upstream to the estuary and this has a significant impact on the estuary. The light transmittance is poor because of the silt, and this restricts the growth and production of algae, thus preventing the occurrence of Red Tides. At Bailonggang there is an existing outfall directly to the beach (the South Trunk Sewer). This discharge causes senous pollution near the outfall. Environmental Benefits of the Project The main environmental benefits of the SSPII sewerage project will be improved water quality in the Huangpu River and its tributaries. In addition the project will allow the Pudong area to be developed satisfactorily. RevisionO:23 May 1995 AppRcpNvd4c.Ow Exec E-2  Second Shanghai Sewcrage Pricjc May 1995 Appmisul RePon - Voume 4:Environnenal Assessmer Water quality models for the river networks have been used to predict the water quality in rivers and creeks. Tbe results show that there will be an overll improvement in the water quality. There are important drinking water supplies in the upper Huangpu reachcs, and the collection and interception of wastewater from Wujing and Minhang areas will directly safeguard these water intakes. At Bailonggang the existing outfall will be abandonned and the sewage diverted into the proposed submerged outfall. This will improve the local environmental situation considerably. In addition to the direct positive cnvironental impact there will also be important secondary benefits from the project, as: for example health benefits caused by a reduction in water born diseases, increased property values, aesthetic benefits and development benefits. A project of this nature must be viewed within the overall context of the future economic development in Shanghai. particularly the Pudong area. If adequate sewerage infrastructure is not provided, then the economic development of the Pudong New Area would not be sustainable. Adverse Envirnmental Impacts of the Project Despite the fact that the project is designed to improve the environment, such a large project will also have some unavoidable negative impacts. Of particular concem is the waater discharge to the Changjiang Estuary, and impacts related to the construction period. To estimate the quality of the SSPII sewage, samples have been taken from the SSPI sewage. Based on this data, the following loads are estimated from the SSPII sewage: BOD5 190 t/day. COD 422 t/day, NH37N 47 t/day, Tot-P 7 tlday, based on a flow of 1.7 million ni/day. Studies have shown that the concentation of dissolved oxygen in the Changjiang Essmary is always at a high level. This indicates that problems with oxygen deficiency are not to be expected. BOD discharges are therefore unlikely to cause problems, and priority should not be given to the removal of BOD from the SSPII discharge. Nutrient levels and Red Tides are a problem in the Changjiang Estuary. Results from the Hangzhou Bay Envmonental Study show high levels of both nitrogen and phosphorous in the study area. and this is thought to contribute to the problems of the Red Tides. However, the conribution of N and P from Shanghai is minimal compared to the loads discharge by the Changjiang into the East China Sea. For this reason there is no immediate urgency to provide more than preliminary treatment for the SSPII Phase I discharge. Land should, however, be ensured for future upgrading. A policy of phosphorous control should be considered at a later stage of the project. Sinmlations of the SSPII Phase I discharge show that at the discharge point there will be a mixing zone, in which the dilution will be less than 50, extending to between 0.5 to 3.2 krr. dependent on the season. The probability of pollution rising to the surface of the estuary is less than 5 %, and the Revisioi-23 May 1995 AppRcp%v4emxa.ow Exec E-3  Second Shanghai Sewerage Projc my 1995 AppiAsl Repon - Volume Envirometal A4:nssm plume will not reach the river bank. A passage for fish migration will thus be preserved. Implementation of the SSPII project will require pmanent and temporary acqisition of fanrland, danolition of houses, and cause interference to water and land transportation. The land acquiSition and resettlement will be handled and compenated for in accordance with national and local policies. A Resettlemet Action Plan (RAP) is under preparation. To minimize the impact from the construction period, diffrent mitigation measures will be put into action. A summary of these is enclosed. Conclusion The Environmentl Assessment is based on scientific studies and modelling work, and the mai conclusions are: The adverse environmenal imp from the SSPII are limited. The wastewater discharged to the Changjiang Estuary at Bailonggang will effectively be diluted and dispersed ito the very large water body with only minor impacts. During the construction period the potential adverse inpacts are significant, and it is therefore very impornmt that necessaxy mitigation measures are taken to avoid or limit these impacts. The SSPII Project will result in important environmental benefits: SSPII will contnrbute significantly to the improvement of water quality in the Huangu and its tnrbutaries in Puxi and Pudong. * SSPII will eliminate the existing southern outfall at Bailonggang and thus improve the local environment. * SSPII is an inportant project for the developnt of Shanghai, especially the Pudong New Area. * SSPII will improve the sanitation system and the waterways and thus be beneficial to the inhabitants of Shanghai both in tenns of health and in terms of quality of life- Rz.isi=nl3 May 199 AppRepXv4ecu.aw aec E-4  Secord Sha i Scweoge Prict May 1995 Appiaisal Repont - Valune 4:Environumutal Assessment Summary of Environmenta Impact and Mifigation Measures bean Potntil impact Miigation mcaes Action inution Peparing nesule t progm SSPCC Residents Resettleent of rsidents along the proposed sewer routc According to local policies and regutions: SSPCCrrownship govt (1) compensation: (2) equal or better housing |ndustrial Economic losses Arrging compensation and rcsetlemen SSPCC commucial bidg accrding to natinal and local reulatkis Work out harvest plan SSPCC Tenmporary loss during thc bonowing perod The Sma regulations concermingcompetoation SSPCCITowDnship govt Land cleaned and replced with original Conracoxoriginwl nd Loss of soil fertility & dumped topsoil, rs Farmland with debris collecting fertilizers for applying to land when reurned Damage to irrigation & drainage Temporaty water channel Contrator/SSPCC Trnsferring water by pumps ContractorfSSPCC Field Tracks Providing temporay accesses ConuactorlSSPCC Highway/road Affecting tmffic Building temporary road ContractoriSSPCC Bridge Affecting traffic Re-artanging routing alignmcnt or building SSPCCTowvnship govt emporry bridge Making a dctour SSPCCJlIand River Temporary disruton navigaion authority Putting warning sgs at night Connactor/SSPCC Not using effluem for fishing pond Contractorivilageo& Polluting rivcrs and channels town govt Effluent from consuuction ov Proiding sedimervation anks ContracorlSSPCC Lowering water level of wels Connecting mains with water supply systen or SSPCC/vdbage & twn transfering water with vehicles gowt River/channel Flooding Transfeffing water or pumping away ComracwrlSSPCC Strictly corolling pollumnts of Category 1. SSC!Munkicipal EPB Polluting water enviomnent and with Total Load Cotrol Policy w contol pollutn of Caegoty la Diffuser section be located beyond -5 m SSPCC Pollution dispersion impact contour, alignment tend 55. risens set on difuser section with nultiple potts Damaging diffusers by shipping Set-up of waming signs SSPCC/Maritine Safety C ..mejiang & Superintendent Changiang Buau Good mainnae to keep outlet pumps and SSC high tank well Emcrgency outlets Locating emergency outlets beyond -2 m SSPCC bathmetriccontoutr Riverbed scour or siting that Making arrangements in suctural design SSPCC threatens diffusers sgr Regulr sunding of rivabed SSC Loss of farmiland forever Arrag jobs for fam ers SSPCC society Conracor employing workcsm fonm local SSPCC A large number of consuuction plbces workers RevisionO:23 May 1995 AppRep%v4cxcn.ow Exe E-5  Scond Shani Seweg Prje May 1995 Appraisal Rcpor - Volumi 4:Envir(oMeual A Itenm Potential ilpCt Mitigation asures Aaion insition S