India - Andhra Pradesh Cyclone Emergency Reconstruction Project

Document of The World Bank FOR OFICIAL USE ONLY Report No. 14662 IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION REPORT INDIA ANDHRA PRADESH CYCLONE EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT (CREDIT 2179/LOAN 3260-IN) JUNE 21, 1995 Agricultural and Water Operations Division Country Department II South Asia Regional Office This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  CURRENCY EOUIVALENTS Currency Unit = Indian Rupees (Rs) Year 1990: US$ 1.00 = Rs.17.50 Year 1991: US$ 1.00 = Rs.22.74 Year 1992: US$ 1.00 = Rs.25.92 Year 1993: US$ 1.00 = Rs.30.50 September 1994: US$ 1.00 = Rs.30.50 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES I Meter (in) = 3.28 feet 1 Kilometer (km) = 0.62 miles I Hectare (ha) = 2.47 acres (ac) FISCAL YEAR OF BORROWER April I - March 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AP Andhra Pradesh APCERP Andhra Pradesh Cyclone Emergency Reconstruction Project APSEB Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board CE Chief Engineer CERP Cyclone Emergency Reconstruction Project DFP Department of Finance and Planning GOAP Govetnment of Andhra Pradesh GOI Government of India ICAD Inigation and Command Area Development Department ICB Intemational Competitive Bidding LCB Local Competitive Bidding MFL Maximum Flood Level OFL Ordinaiy Flood Level OLC Official Level Committee PA Project Agreement PHED Public Health Engineering Department PMU Project Management Unit PWP Project Working Plan PRD Panchayat Raj Department RBP Road and Buildings Department SAR Staff Appraisal Report SDR Special Drawing Rights SM Supervision mission TA Technical Assistance TMC Technical Monitoring Committee TOR Terms of Reference  FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION REPORT INDIA ANDHRA PRADESH CYCLONE EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT (Credit 2179/Loan 3260-IN) TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE .......................................... i EVALUATION SUMMARY ......................................... ii PART I. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ASSESSMENT ......................................... 1 A. Project Objectives .1 B. Achievement of Project Objectives .2 C. Major Factors Affecting the Project. 4 D. Project Sustainability. 6 E. Bank Performance. 8 F. Borrower Performance. 9 G. Assessment of Outcome .10 H. Future Operation .10 I. Key Lessons Learned .11 PART II. STATISTICAL TABLES ........................ 12 1. Summary of Assessments. 12 2. Related Bank Loans/Credits. 14 3. Project Timetables .15 4. Loan/Credit Disbursements ............................................................... 15 5. Key Indicators for Project Implementation. 1 6 6. Key Indicators for Project Operation. 1 8 7. Studies Included in Project. 1 8 8. Project Costs and Financing. 19 A. Project Costs. 19 B . Project Financing . 22 This document has a restrincted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. l  9. Economic Costs and Benefits .................................. 20 10. Status of Legal Covenants ................................. 20 11. Compliance with Operational Manual Statements ................................. 21 12. Bank Resources: Staff Inputs ................................. 22 13. Bank Resources: Missions ................................. 22 Appendix 1. Mission's Aide Memoire .23 Map IBRD 22568R  i IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION REPORT INDIA ANDHRA PRADESH CYCLONE EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT (Credit 2179-IN/Loan 3260-IN) Preface This is the Implementation Completion Report (ICR) for the Andhra Pradesh Cyclone Emergency Reconstruction Project (APCERP) in India, for which Credit 2179-IN and Loan 3260- IN in the amounts of SDR126.1 million (US$170 million equivalent), and US$40 million, respectively, were approved on October 4, 1990 and made effective on December 26, 1990. In addition, the Second Andhra Pradesh Irrigation Project (Credit 1665-IN/Loan 2662-IN), which was ongoing at that time, was reformulated in September 1990 to allow use of SDR40.8 million (US$55 million equivalent) from the credit funds to finance part of the irrigation and drainage component of APCERP. Both Credit 2179-IN and Loan 3260-IN were closed as scheduled on March 31, 1994 and were fully disbursed, with final disbursements on July 28, 1993 and March 4, 1994, respectively. The funds allocated from Credit 1665-IN were also fully disbursed. This ICR was prepared by a mission from the FAO/World Bank Cooperative Program which visited India in September 1994. It was finalized by Teresita Estoque, Operations Analyst, Agriculture and Water Operations Division, Country Department 2, South Asia Regional Office, and reviewed by Mr. Shawki Barghouti, Division Chief, and Ms. Kazuko Uchimura, Project Advisor. The Borrower commented on the ICR Mission's Aide Memoire, and its contribution to the ICR, in the form of an implementation completion report, prepared by the the Finance and Planning Department of the Government of Andhra Pradesh, is available in Asia Information Center. Preparation of the ICR was initiated during the Bank's final supervision mission in December 1993. It is based on a review of materials in the project files, field investigation, and discussions with project staff and officials of the Government of Andhra Pradesh, and staff of the Bank associated with the project.  ii IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION REPORT INDIA ANDHRA PRADESH CYCLONE EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT (Credit 2179-IN/Loan 3260-IN)) Evaluation Summary Introduction 1. Andhra Pradesh (AP) is India's fifth largest state and the fourth most populous. The State has a 1,030 km coastline on the Bay of Bengal, and two of India's largest rivers (Godavari and Krishna) which have large irrigated deltas at their convergence with the Bay. The coastal districts cover some of the most fertile and densely populated areas of the State. On May 9, 1990, an extremely strong cyclone hit AP. bringing winds in excess of 200 km/hr, a tidal wave rising to about four meters and moving up to 10 km inland in some areas, and very heavy rains over a three- day period (300-500 mm) equal to about half of the average annual rainfall in these areas. All of AP's nine coastal districts and one inland district, including some 5,160 villages and about 8 million people were affected in varying degrees. Almost 1,000 people were killed, with heavy damage to infrastructure and productivity in all sectors, which in total was estimated at US$1,250 million. Extensive damage was done to both the major and minor irrigation systems; many bridges and roads network; electricity supply, with damage to distribution transformers and distribution lines; agricultural crops and land; cattle, sheep and goats and poultry; and fisheries where more than 10 percent of fishing craft and 60 percent of tackle were lost or badly damaged. Also, about 1.6 million low cost houses were damaged in varying degrees. In the tribal area of Vishakapatnam district, an isolated hilly inland area which is home to some 300,000 tribals, heavy rains did considerable damage to the limited roads and caused landslides, some of which inflicted damage to agricultural lands. 2. As a result of improved awareness and emergency measures, introduced after the 1977 cyclone which killed about 10,000 people, many lives were saved. These measures included improvement in the early warning system and evacuation procedures, raising the height of the tidal bank, building cyclone shelters and introducing vegetative coastal shelter belts. Following the May 1990 cyclone, the Government of Andhra Pradesh (GOAP) launched emergency rescue and relief operations, including assistance for repair of houses, food and utensils, and assistance for the rehabilitation of agricultural lands. Urgent reconstruction of the breaches in rivers and canals and desilting operations also began. In addition, the emergency works undertaken included repairs of most urgent roadways where this was possible, reconstruction of the electricity network, and temporary rehabilitation of public buildings, water and sewerage. Due to resource constraints, however, the work was going at a slow pace and more important, frequently lacked the engineering under pinning necessary to ensure good quality. 3. The Bank's assistance strategy to India has been to support policies and investments that would encourage economic growth and poverty alleviation in a context of macro economic stability. An increasingly important element of the strategy has been to promote sustainable programs, especially in agriculture, that would promote and enhance the natural resource base. In  iii the context of the May 1990 cyclone disaster in AP, the Bank with its wide experience in the sectors to be reconstructed, decided to provide the resources and technical support to ensure that the necessary reconstruction investment was accelerated and implemented in the most efficient way, with adequate attention to quality. The scale of the disaster, both on human life and productive assets, and its significant effect on the poor, was such to warrant special and urgent support by the Bank. It was in the context of the above situation that the Bank quickly processed and approved APCERP as an emergency operation, with implementation within a three year period. Project Objectives 4. Objectives. With GOAP and local voluntary organizations having carried out the immediate relief activities and emergency repairs, the Andhra Pradesh Cyclone Emergency Reconstruction Project (APCERP) was designed to basically assist three types of objectives: physical, institutional and planning. The physical objectives were to be achieved through reconstruction operations in cyclone affected areas which would lead to the accelerated restoration of damaged assets and lost productivity, in particular, of the weaker sections of the cyclone affected population, as well as to the mitigation against future similar disasters. The institutional objective aimed at strengthening capabilities of GOAP agencies in cyclone preparedness and mitigation. The planning objective was to be the catalyst for a complete update of previous surveys and studies with a view to develop a "Delta Plan" for irrigation modernization in the Krishna- Godavari delta and in the coastal areas to the north of the Godavari, including water management and flood/cyclone protection and mitigation measures. 5. Project components, with the related percentage of total base costs shown in brackets, were as follows: (a) Irrigation and Drainage (34 percent). Reconstruction and rehabilitation of the irrigation and drainage systems in the delta areas, covering over one million hectares, and the upland portion of districts in the affected areas; (b) Roads and Bridges (28 percent). Reconstruction and repairs of the most urgent of about 13,000 km of state and 12,000 km of rural roads damaged by the cyclone, about 100 km of road embankments, and related bridges and culverts damaged in varying degrees, with particular attention to stabilizing slopes and repairing roads in hilly tribal areas; (c) Cyclone Shelters (2_percent). Construction of additional shelters needed in the most vulnerable areas; (d) Electricity (12 percent). Repair and strengthening of over 1,000 km of 33 kv and 11 kv electricity transmission systems; (e) Agriculture Including Fisheries (7 percent). Provision of credit to cyclone victims to assist in the removal of sandcasting, the rehabilitation of horticultural crops including nurseries, facilities for inland fisheries, the replacement and repair of fishing boats and tackle, the repair of damaged ports, and to support the administration of the PMU;  iv (f) Rural Water Supply (3 percent). Construction of headworks outside the flood prone area for distribution to those villages most vulnerable to flood induced contamination; (g) Municipal Services ( percent). Reconstruction of municipal roads, drains and water supplies in selected municipalities; (h) Public Buildings (2 percent). Reconstruction and repair of high school, elementary and primary schools, and medical buildings; (i) Coastal Shelter belts (2 percent). Establishment of nurseries for the rehabilitation of damaged plantations and expansion of the belt over the most vulnerable areas; (j) Housing (3 percent). Assistance to coastal dwellers in the repair of their damaged houses; and (k) Technical assistance (4 percent). Provision for technical studies to develop a plan to modernize water management in the delta and upland river areas; consultant services, training and equipment for the disaster awareness program; support to NGOs in tribal development initiatives and in the fishing communities; and additional staff to be engaged for the purposes of carrying out the project. 6. Changes After Appraisal. During implementation the physical targets for irrigation and drainage, roads and bridges, municipal services and electricity components were substantially increased. This was possible mainly because of savings in local currency arising from the devaluation of the Indian Rupee against the US Dollar and of the US Dollar against the SDR. Also, additional funds were reallocated to the above components from allocations originally earmarked for other slow disbursing components, on recommendations of the Project Management supported by the Bank supervision missions. In particular, the technical studies for developing a plan to modernize water management in the Krishna-Godavari delta and land and water resource management in the coastal area to the north of the delta were not carried out and the funds earmarked for the purpose were also reallocated. 7. Credit/Loan Covenants. The only special creditlloan covenant required GOAP to increase the allocations for operations and maintenance of the State's affected irrigated areas by at least 80 percent of the present level. The allocations have been increased by only 33.3 percent causing concern about the post-project maintenance of the irrigation and drainage infrastructure reconstructed or rehabilitated by the project. 8. Evaluation of Project Objectives. The project was designed as the Bank's quick response to the GOIIGOAP's request for urgent assistance for implementation of the May 1990 cyclone emergency reconstruction and mitigation program It was based on the sound foundation that the Bank's involvement not only would provide resources and technical support to ensure that the necessary reconstruction and rehabilitation of the infrastructure and the restoration of productivity is accelerated and implemented in the most efficient manner, but would also include a long-term program for mitigation, such as the modernization of the deltas and a comprehensive water management program. Thus, the project objectives were clear and important to: (a) urgently repair and restore the assets and productivity damaged/lost by the May 1990 cyclones; (b) strengthen institutional capabilities in cyclone preparedness and mitigation; and (c) provide an  v updated plan for modernization of irrigation and drainage in the Krishna-Godavari delta and other costal areas of AP. However, as stated earlier (para. 6 above), the technical studies for developing the updated plan were not carried out. Implementation Experience and Results 9. The physical and institutional objectives of the project have been substantially achieved and important physical indicators show that achievements have generally exceeded respective original targets. Project implementation was initially slow, but accelerated rapidly once the project's institutional foundation was firmly established and the progress thereafter was in accordance with the planned implementation schedule, with the main exception of dredging which is expected to be completed by the end of 1994. A few sub-components that will not be fully implemented are the Panchayat Raj infrastructure, the coastal shelter belts and the fisheries credit due respectively to shortage of funds, human encroachment and original optimistic target. Further, the sustainability of the infrastructure rehabilitated, particularly the irrigation and drainage works, is uncertain due to inadequate financial allocations for maintenance (see para. 7 above). As a result, although maintenance systems and organizations are in place, the necessary funds are not available. GOAP needs to address this aspect as a priority. The project's planning objective has not been achieved as the studies on which the plans were to be based have not been carried out (para. 6).. Consequently coordinated follow-up programmes for the development of the project area as well as for protection and mitigation against future cyclone/floods, cannot be initiated. Overall, however, project implementation proceeded well and with good results. 10. The funds under the Bank loan and IDA credits were disbursed almost as planned. Actual project expenditures until July 31, 1994 were US$367.0 million and were expected to increase to US$399.4 million at completion, on December 31, 1994. This is about 26 percent higher than the President's Report (PR) estimate at US$380 million. Project costs were financed by Credit 2179-IN, Loan 3260-IN, Credit 1665-IN and the GOI/GOAP in the amounts of US$173.7 million (PR estimate US$170.0 millionl/), US$40.2 million (PR estimate US$40 millionl'), US$55.1 million (PR estimate US$55.0 million) and US$130.4 million (PR estimate US$115 million 2/) respectively. GOI/GOAP contribution includes US$98.0 million spent until July 31, 1994, and the remainder committed and to be spent by end-December 1994. 11. Key factors that greatly helped achieve the major project objectives were: (a) the suitability of the project design which gave priority to actions that would ensure a quick resumption of economic activity and would provide relief to greater number of people, with particular reference to the weaker sections of the population; (b) the GOAP's full commitment to the project as demonstrated by the establishment of the Project Management Unit (PMU) within the Finance and Planning Department with project-dedicated wings in the main line departments/agencies concerned 1 / Difference due to changes in SDRIUS$ and US$/Rs exchange rates during the duration of the project, and/or changes in the US$/Rs exchange rate during the time of Bank disbursement and GOAP's receipt. 2 / GOAP spent much more than it originally intended in terms of Rs. This is not obvious from the figures, due to the strong depreciation of the Rs against the US$ during implementation, i.e. Rsl2,517 million actually spent (including the expenditure still to be incurred) against the PR estimate of GOAP contribution of Rs6,650 million (not given in the PR, but calculated by the mission on the basis of the PR's exchange rate and GOAP's contribution in US$ in the PR).  vi with project implementation, and by timely releases of counterpart funds; (c) the effectiveness of the PMU, which closely monitored quality control of works before payments were made to contractors, adhered to agreed procurement procedures and promptly followed up on requests for disbursement of funds; (d) the adoption of relatively simple and flexible procurement procedures and the special training provided to the concerned PMU staff; and (v) the very nature of the project which was an emergency operation geared to reconstruct and rehabilitate damaged assets and retrieve lost productivity and which, therefore, commanded strong political support at all levels. 12. Both the Bank and the Borrower cooperated and performed well throughout the project cycle. The Bank took the lead in dimensioning and designing the project in a flexible fashion (including the technical and quality control aspects) which proved an appropriate response to the emergency situation. The project approach of supporting rapid reconstruction and immediate mitigation measures while preparing plans for longer term modernization, mitigation and protection works was sound, but design of the planning component was somewhat weak in that work plans for mobilization and execution of the planning studies were not clearly defined. Bank supervisions were conscientiously carried out and problems encountered dealt with efficiently. The main weakness concerned the delay in altering GOAP's view of the need for early mobilization of technical resources for the two delta studies. Both the PMU and the other implementing agencies managed the project efficiently and performed well. However, lack of any significant financial provision for the maintenance of the extensive drainage works improved under the project gives particular cause for concern. 13. The project outcome is rated as "satisfactory". In fact, if the project's planning objective had been achieved by completion of the two important technical studies (Part IVITable 7), the project's outcome could have very well been rated as "highly satisfactory". Summary of Findings, Future Operations and Key Lessons Learned 14. The project design responded well to GOI/GOAP expectations and the urgent needs of the affected people, and therefore, GOAP was fully committed to project implementation which was carried out efficiently. The quality of infrastructural works carried out by the project is impressive, but these works form only part of infrastructural systems which require further improvement and expansion if they are to be sustainable in the long term. This is particularly important for flood and tidal banks and drainage systems which form the main physical protection and mitigation measures against flood and cyclones. The continuing inadequacy of maintenance funding for existing works threatens their sustainability, and the failure to identify coordinated follow-up programs for development, protection and mitigation in the project area means that a high risk of future disasters continues to exist. 15. Following discussions with GOAP authorities, they took full cognizance of two shortcomings, namely, (a) inadequate financial allocations for maintenance of project works, particularly irrigation and drainage infrastructure; and (b) non-completion of technical studies for the delta and other coastal areas. It was agreed, therefore, that all departments/agencies involved in reconstruction and rehabilitation works of the project would be advised to submit itemized and costed maintenance plans so that adequate financial provisions could be ensured. GOAP authorities also agreed to advise the Bank of the actions proposed to be taken to complete the two technical studies. Compliance with the above two aspects would need to be pursued. In the immediate future, investments should be concentrated on completion of the upgrading started under the project, particularly of drainage and associated structures.  vii 16. The main lessons for future emergency operations learnt from the experience of this project are: (a) for any project to be successful as this project, the project design should be fully responsive to government expectations and people's needs by giving priority to actions which ensure quick restoration of economic activity and which benefit the largest numbers of affected people; (b) if certain technical studies are considered crucial to provide updated plans such as for modernization of water management in the delta and upland river areas under this project, special covenants in the credit/loan documents should be included to stipulate a timetable for the preparation of TOR, recruitment of consultants, commissioning and completion of the studies and submission of draft reports, in order to impress upon the government the importance attached by the Bank to the studies and the need for their timely execution; (c) implementation performance is enhanced when PMU is established in the Ministry or Department of Finance and separate project dedicated wings are set up within other implementing departments/agencies; (d) delays are minimized when procurement procedures are simple but appropriate (in this case LCB and post- qualification for a large number of small contracts); (e) adequate financial allocations for operation and maintenance are a must in the interest of sustainability of project supported investments; and (f) firm borrower's commitment provides a sound foundation for efficient project implementation.   1 IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION REPORT INDIA ANDHRA PRADESH CYCLONE EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT (Credit 2179-IN/Loan 3260-IN) PART I: PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ASSESSMENT A. PROJECT OBJECTIVES 1. The project was to assist in: (a) reconstruction and rehabilitation operations in the areas affected by the May 1990 cyclone, including the restoration of assets and productivity lost and/or damaged, and a program for the mitigation of future similar disasters; and (b) strengthening institutional capabilities in cyclone preparedness and mitigation. The project was also to be a catalyst for a complete update of previous surveys and studies carried out on water management issues affecting the delta area, with the view to develop a "Delta Plan" for the modernization of the deltas which would have enormous economic impact on the State. This was to be accomplished through two Water Management studies (see Part II, Table 7). 2. Activities comprising the project were summarized in a set of Project Working Papers which were consolidated into a Project Working Plan (PWP)I covering 11 components: irrigation and drainage; roads and bridges; cyclone shelters; electricity; agriculture and fisheries; rural water supply; municipal services; public buildings; coastal shelter belts; housing; and technical assistance (TA), including incremental staff salaries. Both the housing and public buildings, and the coastal shelter belts components, were to be fully financed by the Government of Andhra Pradesh (GOAP). The PWP identified physical targets for many components based on preliminary estimates of damage. In some components, particularly irrigation and drainage, the damage could not immediately be estimated and targets could not be clearly specified2(see para. 7). 3. During implementation the physical targets for irrigation and drainage, roads and bridges, municipal services and electricity components were substantially increased. This was possible mainly because of savings in local currency arising from the devaluation of the Indian Rupee against the US Dollar and of the US Dollar against the SDR. Also, additional funds were reallocated to the above components from allocations originally earmarked for other slow disbursing components, on recommendations of the Project Management supported by the Bank supervision missions. In particular, the technical studies for developing a plan to modernize water management in the Krishna-Godavari delta and land and water resource management in the coastal area to the north of the delta were not carried out and the funds earmarked for the purpose were also reallocated. 1 In lieu of Staff Appraisal Report (SAR). 2 The PWP was prepared within three months after the occurrence of the cyclone.  2 4. The physical and institutional objectives of the project, namely, restoration of infrastructure and productive assets, and strengthening institutional capabilities in cyclone preparedness and mitigation, were clear, realistic and of the highest priority. A degree of unclarity existed as far as the mitigation program is concerned, particularly in flood protection works where the improved standards to be adopted would only be clarified after completion of the Water Management studies (included under the TA component) which were intended to address inter alia flood protection and control issues3. 5. The project's planning objective to provide an updated plan for modemization of irrigation and drainage in the Krishna-Godavari delta and other coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh was also clear and had a sound foundation. However, the importance of this objective was perhaps not so clearly perceived and appreciated within GOAP, in view of its less tangible character and the component accounting for only 1.5 percent of total project cost. With the benefit of hindsight, it may have been appropriate to include special covenants in the credit/loan documents to stipulate a timetable for the preparation of the Terms of Reference (TOR), recruitment of consultants, commissioning and completion of the studies and submission of draft reports, in order to impress upon GOAP the importance attached by the Bank to the timely execution of the studies. B. ACHIEVEMENT OF PROJECT OBJECTIVES 6. Overall, the objectives of the project have been substantially achieved. The most important elements of public infrastructure, comprising of irrigation, drainage and flood protection systems, roads, water supplies and electricity distribution systems have been restored, usually to much improved standards. These improved standards will increase the reliability of the systems during future emergencies and, together with direct mitigation measures such as cyclone shelters, considerably alleviate the impact of future cyclones. The rehabilitation of public infrastructure has facilitated private initiatives to restore productive assets and, particularly through the irrigation and drainage components, has restored and improved land productivity4. The effectiveness of institutional capacity in cyclone preparedness and mitigation has been improved by the project, particularly by the provision of radio equipment. However, as already noted (para. 5 above) the 3 A particular example is water management of Kolleru Lake. The PWP proposed implementation of works which would allow control of its level, specifically an outfall regulator, together with improvements to flood banks on inflowing channels and increased capacity of its only outfall, the Upputeru. However, design criteria for these works were only available in the form of recommendations of the Mitra Committee (1965), which the delta plan was intended to update. This resulted in the following recommendation of the final (December 1993) Supervision Report (Annex 4, Table 6, No.l 1): "The land use pattern of Kolleru Lake is changing fast with the result that Mitra Committee's recommendation on the basis of which some vital parameters of the drainage network which falls into the lake had been fixed, no longer holds good. For assuring the drainage efficiency. these parameters require updating and corrective measures are to be taken for the works already implemented." 4 Improvements to the delta drainage systems are reported to have resulted in a 15 percent increase in paddy yields.  3 long-term planning objective was not achieved5 and, in the absence of updated plans, rational and coordinated programs for development, protection and mitigation can still not be initiated in the cyclone affected areas. 7. Achievement of the physical targets indicated in the PWP has been considerable and in several components has exceeded those originally planned (see Part II. Table 5). A component not yet completed is the dredging of drains6, which was programmed for completion by the end of 1994. The targets set for a few sub-components that will not be fully achieved pertain to the Panchayat Raj infrastructure, the coastal shelter belts and the fisheries credit due respectively to shortage of funds, human encroachment on shelter belts, and original optimistic target due to non- registration of fishermen and fishing boats at that time. 8. In some components, physical targets could not be clearly specified in the PWP because of lack of adequate infornation on which to base them. As a result, targets were estimated in early Borrower's progress reports but were frequently modified throughout the course of the project. While this reflected an element of flexibility which was essential to the success of the project, it required careful management and supervision to ensure optimum allocation of resources between competing demands in the various components. The main subject of concern in this respect is drainage structures where targets were repeatedly reduced7. By the end of the project, it was estimated that 203 outfall structures required urgent reconstruction, and up to 2,142 new drain junction structures were required8. As damage resulting fiom the failure, particularly of outfall structures, could be considerable and would threaten much of the infrastructure rehabilitated by the project, the low priority allocated to these structures is iiot understood. 9. Generally, the standard of works achieved was high, with considerable attention paid to quality control. Works were designed and constructed to appropriate Andhra Pradesh, Indian or 5 Delays were experienced in preparing terms of reference (TOR), which were finally done for the more important delta study by consultants under Trust Fund arrangements in November 1992. There was considerable debate on the suitability of the TOR in the context of PWP objectives for the studies with the result that, by the time consultants had been selected, there was inadequate time to complete even the first phase of a truncated study. 6 Although the dredgers procured complied with specification, lack of experience in their operation, together with difficult soil conditions, resulted in slower output than anticipated with 30 percent of the work outstanding at the end of the project. Dredging is continuing and programmed for completion by December 1994. 7 The PWP did not set a target for the number of structures to be repaired. improved or replaced under the drainage component of the project in the Krishna-Godavari Delta but, in view of the fact that many are up to 140 years old and of the intention to increase drainage capacities, a major structural program was implicit. The supervision mission of October 1992 reported that a program of 440 irrigation and drainage structures had been proposed in addition to 16 previously agreed. The supervision mission of April 1993 reported that the proposed structures for modification had been reduced to 145, including 14 major irrigation structures. The reduction in the number of structures requiring attention from over 440 to 127 was reportedly based on inspection of their condition and on an evaluation of their capacities to pass the increased design discharges. 8 "Maintenance of Drains in the Krishna-Godavari Delta". CE CERP, ICAD, 1994.  4 international standards. In advance of completion of the planning studies, design criteria were decided in consultation with a Technical Monitoring Committee (TMC) which was established particularly for the irrigation, drainage and roads componentLs of the project. With the exception of works associated with Kolleru Lake (see para. 4), these criteria were usually complied with. However, an exception is the design of certain drains to flow above ground level at both ordinary and maximum flood levels9. In addition to inhibiting drainage from adjacent lands there is the danger of significant damage should their embankments fail10. 10. No economic impact analysis was carried out and included either in the Project Working Plan or the President's Report because the project was an emergency operation and designed to reconstruct and rehabilitate damaged assets and retrieve lost productivity. For this reason, and because no data on project induced production and other benefits was collected during project implementation, the Implementation Completion mission could not attempt any economic impact assessment. However, the project was successful in ensuring quick resumption of economic activity through completion of most of the planned infrastructural works. C. MAJOR FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROJECT Factors Not Generally Subject to Government Control 11. A key factor that greatly helped achieve the major project objectives was the suitability of the project design which responded well to GOIVGOAP aspirations and the needs of the affected people. This in turn ensured GOAP's full commitment to project implementation. The significant decline in the value of the Rupee against the dollar11 and the slight decline of the dollar value against the SDRI2 during the project had a substantial positive impact on achievements, both in offsetting higher than estimated costs for work components and in allowing significant increases in physical targets in most components. 12. Land acquisition procedures in India are generally slow and frequently subject to prolonged litigation. This adversely affected the drainage component particularly where efforts were directed to by-pass land disputes in the interest of meeting physical targets, and, as a consequence, certain 9 Drainage design criteria were reported to be that Ordinary Flood Level (OFL) should be at or below ground level and that Maximum Flood Level (MFL) could be up to 0.6 m above ground level. The Maximum Flood has an estimated 25 year return period, whereas the Ordinary Flood is arbitrarily defined as 50 percent of the maximum with no return period attached. Although a complete check of all drains was not made, it was observed that reaches of the Kollinera Major Drain were designed with an MFL up to 2.0 m above ground level and an OFL up to 1.0 m above ground level. 1 0 It is usual practice in AP not to compact drain embankments but to provide additional fill to promote natural consolidation. Under normal design conditions this has proved successful, but where maximum flood levels are considerably above ground level this practice has resulted in high (approx. 5 m) uncompacted banks which are susceptible to damage by gulling and slippage, particularly in the early years before natural consolidation takes place. 1 1 The average US$ exchange rate increased from US$1 = Rs.17.50 in 1990 to Rs.30.50 in 1993. 1 2 The average exchange rate of the SDR increased from SDR1 = US$1.36 in 1990 to US$1.40 in 1993.  5 drains were constructed to inadequate width and will therefore flow above ground level (see para. 9). An associated factor related to land shortage was people's encroachment onto land reserved for coastal shelter belts which prevented their restoration on the scale originally envisaged (see para. 7). 13. Particularly in the early stages of the project, considerable opposition was raised by District Irrigation Boards to canal closures which were necessary to allow construction of drainage and irrigation works. This had a significant adverse effect on the progress and logical programming of works and initially delayed the overall effectiveness of the drain improvements. Eventually this problem was overcome once the farmers were convinced through demonstration that the disadvantages of temporary closures were outweighed by the resulting benefits. 14. Procurement procedures agreed by the Bank for civil works comprised local competitive bidding (LCB) for a large number of relatively small contracts together with post qualification of bidders, rather than international competitive bidding (ICB) for a small number of large contracts together with pre-qualification of bidders. The adoption of relatively simple and flexible procurement procedures had a significant positive impact on achievement of the project's physical targets. 15. Due to its very nature, the project enjoyed strong political support at all levels, which undoubtedly has contributed to the success of the project. Factors Generally Sub-ject to Government Control 16. The establishment of the Project Management Unit (PMU), particularly in the Department of Finance and Planning (DFP), with responsibility for procurement, coordination and monitoring of all components in financial as well as physical terms, allowed the works to be carried out in a timely and orderly manner with the flow of funds corresponding to planned and incurred expenditure. The linkage of the PMU through the Official Level Committee (OLC), comprising Secretaries of all departments participating in the project with the Cabinet Committee headed by the Chief Minister, proved very effective. Also, the establishment of special Wings, specifically responsible for project activities in the main implementing departments such as the ICAD, the Road and Buildings Department (RBD), the Panchayat Raj Department (PRD), the Andra Pradesh State Electricity Board (APSEB) in the Energy Department, and the Public Health Engineering Department (PHED), with adequate staff and resources, contributed to the high levels of achievement and generally excellent quality of work. Factors Generally Subject to Implementing Agency Control 17. Day to day management of the project by the PMU was excellent and a major factor in its high level of achievement of physical targets. The PMU closely monitored quality control of works before payments were made to contractors, adhered to agreed procurement procedures and promptly followed up on requests for disbursement of funds. A notable feature of the project was the motivation of staff and their pride in their achievements. 18. The failure to undertake the Water Management studies (see Part II, Table 7) for the deltas and coastal rivers was influenced by a number of factors. Initially, the studies were not allocated high priority because of the understandable concentration of effort on mobilizing urgent physical  6 rehabilitation works, as well as a degree of reluctance to initiate the studies due to the sensitivity of the issue of water allocations between the states sharing the river basins. When the TOR for the delta studies were finally prepared at Bank insistencel3, their appropriateness was severely criticized by the TMC although its arguments were, to some extent, self-contradictoryl4. D. PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY 19. The physical works reconstructed by the project comprised components of irrigation and drainage, and road systems, and other public infrastructure which had suffered damage during the cyclone, but which were already in a poor condition prior to the cyclone, largely because of previous neglect of maintenance. All relevant departments have organizations and systems to identify, specify and supervise maintenance works, which are usually carried out by contractors. However, with the exception of APSEB, none has adequate financial allocations and this, in many cases, has led to disillusionment of maintenance staff and the breakdown of inspection procedures. The Project Agreement (PA - Section 2.07) attempted to ensure adequacy of funds for future operation and maintenance of the important irrigation and drainage component by committing Andhra Pradesh to increasing the funding of irrigation maintenance from Rs.75 to about Rs. 1 30/ha by the end of 1993. This covenant was not entirely fulfilled as the rate was only increased to Rs. 100/ha. Furthermore, as irrigation and drainage works are funded separately the covenant had no impact on maintenance allocation for the important drainage sub-component of the project which is at present Rs.7.5/ha (Rs.3/ac)15. Estimated financial requirements are Rs.310/hal6 for drainage 1 3 TOR acceptable to the Bank were eventually prepared by consultants under trust fund arrangements in November 1992. Because of the limited time then available to complete the study before the credit closing date of March 31, 1994, a study duration of up to 12 months was proposed instead of the three years envisioned in the PWP. The scope of work was correspondingly reduced. 1 4 The TOR were reviewed by the TMC which, in its quarterly report dated March 31, 1993, recommended that a study based on them should not proceed. Among the reasons given were that the TOR substantially reduced the scope of work and study area in comparison with the PWP and changed the basic study method from the SRS/GIS technique proposed in the PWP to a mathematical modelling approach. On the other hand, TMC also expressed reservations on the advisability of the extent of the study and the applicability of the SRS/GIS techniques as proposed by the PWP. At the same time the TMC queried the need for certain elements included in the TOR and considered the estimated costs to be very high. It therefore recommended that studies based on the PWP approach should be tried on a very small pilot area and that the remainder of funds be allocated instead to the purchase of telemetry and radio equipment for improved water management. 1 5 A drainage cess was introduced in 1968 at a rate of Rs.20/acre and, by 1991, was increased to an average of Rs.401ha (range Rs.30-50/acre depending on location). In real terms this was a significant decrease being the equivalent of half a bag of paddy in 1968 and less than one fifth of a bag at today's prices. However, the purpose of the cess was improvement of the drainage systems and the levy for maintenance purposes was established at Rs3/acre in 1985 and has so far not been changed. ICAD is considering to propose (instead of a monetary cess) a cess in kind i.e. half a bag of rice. This would compensate for the inflation factor. 1 6 Estimate provided by the ICAD Chief Engineer, CERP.  7 works and Rs.200/ha (at 1991/92 cost levels)17 for irrigation works. Similarly, inadequacies in maintenance budgets for roads were reported by engineers of both the Roads and Building Department (RBD) and the Panchayat Raj Department (PRD). GOAP is well aware that sustainability of the project works would be in jeopardy unless adequate funds are allocated for this purpose. It agreed to advise all departments/agencies involved in project reconstruction and rehabilitation works to submit itemized and costed maintenance plans so that adequate financial provisions could be made. This aspect would need to be pursued with GOAP. 20. Beneficiary participation in maintenance of the irrigation and drainage works is restricted to payment of the cess which, because of the project, are being paid more willingly than in the past. However, the construction of field drains and their inlets is the responsibility of farmers and is not well organized in the absence of farner organizations at tertiary level. It is felt that operation and maintenance of both irrigation and drainage would benefit from the establishment of farmer groups as has been proposed by the National Water Management Program (see Part II. Table 2 - Credit No. 1770-IN). 21. A possible apprehension related to the sustainability aspect of the project is the fact that the project has not followed a process of staged handover of works to the regular line departments/agencies responsible for maintenance and, as a result, a maintenance backlog of up to three years has developed. This is apparent in drain earthworks, which are particularly susceptible to damage, and significant deterioration has already taken place in some reaches. The maintenance of drain outfalls into the sea may also prove problematic as the sea-going dredging equipment proposed in the PWP has not been procured. A handover procedure is now apparently being arranged and should include joint inspections by the implementing entity and the entity accepting maintenance responsibility, to identify the physical and funding requirements needed to rectify the maintenance backlog and complete minor works. 22. The long term sustainability of the irrigation systems reconstructed/rehabilitated under the project could be threatened by competing demands on water resources. For this reason a more efficient use of available water will be necessary. More immediately, there is a need to make decisions on investments in tidal and flood protection works. The proposed Water Management studies (see Part II, Table 7) could have provided a suitable basis for this, as there is some concern on their security as constructed]8. It is therefore important that the studies are carried out in order to prepare the long term program of modernizing irrigation and drainage and flood/cyclone mitigation works in the delta and coastal rivers which would help to ensure sustainability. 1 7 Estimate for Andhra Pradesh of the Vaidyanathan Committee reporting to GOI in 1992 and based on actual operation and maintenance requirements of 15 major and four medium schemes. 1 8 The project has restored tidal banks as protective measures against salt water intrusion as an interim measure. However, the banks will not withstand wave attack associated with cyclone-induced surges. The requirements, costs and benefits of strengthening the banks to resist cyclonic conditions requires evaluation. Only 25 percent of the river flood banks in the Krishna-Godavari delta have been raised to withstand floods equivalent to that of 1986 (the worst on record). ICAD estimates the cost of completing the works at Rs. 5,500 million. However, detailed studies to allow design of the works, reliable cost estimates and justification of the investment have not been carried out. These would have been an integral part of the proposed Delta Water Management Study.  8 23. There may be repercussions on the sustainability of the project due to a major follow-up investment GOAP has planned for the rehabilitation and improvement of the minor drains in the Krishna-Godavari delta and of the medium and minor drains in the Pennar deltal9. It was reported that Rs.510 million are to be allocated for this purpose in the financial years 1994/95 and 1995/96. While this work is essential to the efficient operation and the sustainability of the existing drainage system, further considerable investments in the following aspects are necessary to ensure sustainability: (a) ensuring the adequacy of embankments in all reaches of drain flowing above ground level and investigating the requirements for improvement of the system to reduce drain water levels below ground level; (b) increasing the intensity of the drainage system, particularly the installation of field drains and field drain outlets20, (c) repair or replacement of damaged and inadequate outfall structures; (d) repair or replacement of cross drainage structures; and (e) purchase of sea-going dredger. E. BANK PERFORMANCE 24. Project Formulation. The project concept was sound. The approach of supporting rapid reconstruction of infrastructure and productive assets while carrying out immediate mitigation measures, and preparing a plan for long-term mitigation and modernization of the deltas combined an appropriate response to the emergency with the provision of a suitable basis for longer term sustainable development of the affected areas. The Bank team, comprising 20 members covering all relevant disciplines, undertook a satisfactory and innovative project formulation to meet an urgent need which was also consistent with Government's development priorities and the Bank's strategy for India. 25. Due to the nature of the project, a rapid and simple response was necessary. This was largely achieved by including the most urgent but also relatively uncomplicated reconstruction activities, and allowing the necessary flexibility to permit adjustments in priorities within and among the components as they became clearer with progress in implementation. Moreover, as inadequate time existed during formulation to evaluate the technical aspects in detail, provisions were made to compensate this and ensure adequate quality of works by the inclusion of the TMC in the project. Finally, because of the rapidity of the whole formulation process, a Staff Appraisal Report was not prepared and was replaced by the PWP; this procedure has had no drawbacks whatsoever. 26. Possible problems/risks recognized at the design stage concerned the managerial complexity of the project because of its multi-sectoral nature and the large number of participating agencies involved, and delay in implementation which has been a common event in India. Hence, together with GOAP, particular attention was given to the establishment of effective management and monitoring systems and to procurement procedures to minimize these risks. These responsibilities, and that of coordination, were appropriately assigned to the Department of Finance 1 9 Works under the project were restricted to major (draining more than 51.2 kiM2) and medium (draining 12.8-51.2 km2) drains in the Krishna-Godavari delta and to major drains in the Pennar delta. Minor drains, serving less than 12.8 km2, were not rehabilitated. 20 The overall intensity of drainage is 10.2 m/ha whereas requirements were estimated in the PWP at 40 mi/ha.  9 and Planning (DFP) in which the Project Management Unit (PMU) was set up, which in hindsight, was crucial and an excellent project design feature. 27. However, although an attempt was made to ensure adequate future funding of irrigation maintenance (PA 2.07), this did not extend to other components, particularly drainage and flood/tidal protection works21. As it must have been apparent that the poor condition of infrastructure was more a result of previous neglect than of the cyclone, more stringent conditions regarding maintenance would have been appropriate especially in view of the importance of the flood and tidal banks and the drainage system in cyclone protection and mitigation. Inadequate attention had been given during formulation to arrangements for mobilizing and executing the technical studies component. This component was envisaged by the PWP to require a three-year duration which corresponded with the proposed project duration. However, the time required to prepare and agree on the terms of reference, invite and review proposals, and select consultants, was overlooked. A detailed program for these activities, identifying actions required by specific GOAP agencies and by the Bank was necessary. It is, however, recognized that due attention to address this weakness may have been difficult under the compelling emergency circumstances existing during formulation. 28. Supervision. During the course of the project seven supervision missions were mounted (see Part II, Table 13). All aspects of supervision were conscientiously carried out, progress was generally adequately reported and problems addressed with a considerable amount of flexibility. A weakness was the delay in alerting the GOAP to the lack of action on the "Delta Studies" and, despite frequent reminders, the failure to persuade GOAP to pursue these22. The composition of the supervision missions was usually appropriate. There was continuity in mission composition, but, in view of the considerable importance of drainage, irrigation and flood protection components, it might have been more appropriate if the Task Manager for this project was an irrigation engineer. F. BORROWER PERFORMANCE 29. Project Formulation. GOAP cooperated with the Bank well in preparing the project. The management systems established jointly with the Bank were innovative and appropriate and the linkages with decision makers ensured a continued high level of commitment. 30. Project Implementation. Overall implementation of the project has been highly satisfactory. The PMU coordinated implementation most effectively and ensured that works were 2 1 It is possible that the separate funding system for irrigation and drainage works operating in AP was not appreciated at the time of formulation. However, it should have been appreciated that even the level of maintenance funding proposed under PA 2.07 would be inadequate for the magnitude of works involved in the project and their susceptibility to damage. Furthermore, no attempt was made to ensure adequate maintenance of other components such as roads, bridges and water supplies. 2 2 Despite the studies being proposed for a three-year duration in the PWP, the need to prepare terms of reference for them was not raised until the third supervision mission of November 1991. The issue was raised by every subsequent supervision mission but the TOR were not prepared until November 1992 when it was too late to complete the studies, as envisaged in the PWP.  10 carried out in a timely and orderly manner and that the flow of funds corresponded with planned and incurred expenditure. The allocation of counterpart funding was timely and adequate, monitoring was carried out efficiently, and reporting was satisfactory. There were only a few procurement issues which were usually quickly resolved. No extensions of the Credit/Loan were required as they were entirely disbursed before project closure. Funds allocated under Credit 1665- IN were fully disbursed just after its original closing date of June 30, 1994. The performance of the main implementing agencies -- ICAD, RBD, PRD, PHED and APSEB -- was also highly satisfactory. 31. The only significant weakness of GOAP was the failure to undertake the planning studies and to meet covenanted obligations regarding irrigation maintenance funding. These may have serious adverse implications on the sustainability of the rehabilitation and mitigation measures undertaken by the project and on future development of the project area. G. ASSESSMENT OF OUTCOME 32. The project achieved all objectives except for one and met most of its targets inspite of the fact that the original targets in respect of more important works (irrigation and drainage, roads and bridges, and electricity) were increased significantly during project implementation. The project's outcome is rated as "satisfactory". In fact, if the project's planning objective had been achieved by completion of the two important technical studies (Part II, Table 7), the project's outcome could very well have been rated as "highly satisfactory". H. FUTURE OPERATIONS 33. It should be noted that operation and maintenance organizations already exist for the road, irrigation and drainage, and electricity components, and other systems of public infrastructure covered by the project. Consequently, new operational and maintenance organizations do not need to be established. Rather, existing organizations, systems, and financing allocations, in particular, need to be reviewed to ensure their adequacy. 34. It is accepted by GOAP that maintenance of the works reconstructed or repaired by the p,roject is of considerable importance, as their previous lack of maintenance was a greater cause of deterioration than the cyclone damage. However, at the time of the ICR, itemized and costed maintenance plans for all components, together with proposed methods of funding, have yet to be prepared. 35. It is recommended that the Bank follow up the following issues: - Initiation and execution of the water management studies for the delta and other coastal areas (Part II, Table 7) to ensure that they meet the requirements of the PWP or revised objectives as may be agreed. - As far as possible the Bank should persuade GOAP to allocate adequate funds and resources for the maintenance of all the infrastructure reconstructed under the project and, in particular, attempt to ensure that equipment is provided for dredging of drain outfalls to the sea. It should also attempt to ensure that all outfall structures in the Krishna-Godavari delta are rehabilitated or replaced.  I1 36. There is a need for considerable further investments in both flood/cyclone mitigation measures and the modernization of irrigation and drainage systems in the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh. However, the identification of physical requirements and their costs, together with economic and social justification, is dependent on the contents of the plans to be prepared on the basis of the Water Management studies that are still to be carried out. I. KEY LESSONS LEARNED 37. Key lessons to be learned from the project are: (a) For any project to be successful as this project, the project design should be fully responsive to government expectations and people's needs by giving priority to actions which ensure quick restoration of economic activity and which benefit the largest numbers of affected people; (b) If certain technical studies are considered crucial to provide updated plans such as for modernization of water management in the delta and upland river areas under this project, special covenants in the credit/loan documents should be included to stipulate a timetable for the preparation of TOR, recruitment of consultants, commissioning and completion of the studies and submission of draft reports, in order to impress upon the government the importance attached by the Bank to the studies and the need for their timely execution (see para 5); (c) Project procurement procedures comprising LCB and post-qualification for a large number of small contracts minimizes the delays usually associated with ICB procurement of larger packages. Although this results in a more complex coordination and management task, it is generally more effective (see para. 14); (d) The establishment of an effective PMU (responsible for coordination, monitoring, procurement, channelling of funds to implementing agencies, and indirectly for quality control) in the Ministry of Finance (in this case DFP) enhances project performance and the probability of success. This lesson was drawn and applied already by GOAP, as is evident by the recent decision to continue the PMU in the DFP on a permanent basis and to extend its responsibility to all externally funded projects in AP (see para. 16); (e) The establishment of separate project-dedicated wings in the main implementing agencies, particularly ICAD, RBD, PRD, PHED and APSEB, ensures that project activities are given special attention and kept detached from the routine departmental activities (see para. 17); (f) Firm Borrower's commitment provides a sound foundation for efficient project implementation.  12 PART IT: STATISTICAL TABLES Table 1: Summary of Assessments A. Achievement of objectives Substantial Partial Negligible Not Applicable (/) (V) (/) V) Macro policies Ei i E O Sector policies Li Li aE Financial objectives i Li L i Institutional development L Li Li Physical objectives Li Li Li Poverty reduction i i i [ Gender issues Li Li Li Other social objectives L L Li E Environmental objectives Li L Li Public sector management Li Li Li Private sector development Li i L [3 Other (specify) i i i [ B. Proiect sustainahility Likely Unlikely Uncertain (f) (/) (/) - Hiehlv C. Bank performance satisfactorv Satisfactory Deficient O/) (/) () Identification ./ i L L Preparation assistance L Li1 Appraisal Li Supervision W L L / Not applicable (emergency project). cont'd/....  13 H~ighly D. Borrower performance satisfactorv SatisfactorT Deficient (/) /) O/) Preparation 7 El Implementation O Liii Covenant compliance LI E C| Operation (if applicable) L El25 Hiehhy hi E. Assessment of outcome satisfactory Satisfactorv Unsatisfactory unsatisfactor D/ Did not carry out proposed Delta studies resulting in non-achievement of one of the project objectives. 2/ One important covenant was not complied with, i.e., to raise the cess related to irrigation maintenance by 80% by December 31, 1993. In terms of funds allocated to maintenance.  14 Table 2: Related Bank Loans/Credits 1/ Loan/credit title Purpose Year of approval Status Preceding operations 1. Godvari Barrage Construction of modern 1976 Closed in June 1981. Project barrage to replace very old (Cr. 532-IN) weir to enable diversion of irrigation water to the distribution system in the Godvari estuary delta to continue functioning. 2. AP Irrigation and To accelerate the 1976 Closed in June 1985 CAD Composite construction of the Project (AP I distribution canal network Irrigation) to make use of the water (Ln. 1251-TN) impounded in Nagarjun Sagar Reservoir including the field channel network beyond minor canal outlet down to farm level. 3. AP Second Irrigation Modernise and complete 1986 Closed on June 30, 1994 Project (AP II Irrig.) irrigation network of (Cr. 1665-IN and 165,000 ha and extend it by Loan No. 2662-IN) another 163,000 ha. 4. National Water To increase productivity 1987 Closed on March 31, 1995 Management Program and farm incomes in (Cr. 1770-IN) existing irrigation schemes by means of a more reliable, predictable and equitable irrigation service. 5. Upper Krishna To develop the irrigation 1989 On-going. Irrigation Project potential of the Upper (Cr. 2010 IN and Krishna River. (Ln. 3050-IN) Following operationzs - No related Loans or Credits l/ Concerns only loans/credits for national projects in India and for state projects in Andhra Pradesh.  15 Table 3: Project Timetable Date actual/ Steps in project cycle Date planned latest estimate Preparation/Appraisal June/July 1990 I/ June/July 1990 Negotiations August 27, 1990 August 27, 1990 Board presentation October 4, 1990 October 1990 Signing October 23, 1990 October 23, 1990 Effectiveness October 31, 1990 December 26, 1990 Project completion December 31, 1994 December 31, 1994 Loan closing 2/ CERP (Ln. 3260/Cr. 2179) March 31, 1994 March 31, 1994 AP 11 Irrig. (Cr. 1662) June 30, 1994 June 30, 1994 / Due to its very nature, the project was not identified as such and preparation/appraisal was undertaken in one exercise. There was no official SAR, only a President's Report dated September 18, 1990. 2/ Ln. 3260 and Cr. 2179 for this project closed as planned on March 31, 1994. Cr. 1665, for AP Irrigation 11, of which US$55 million was reallocated to the Cyclone Emergency Reconstruction Proiect. was closed on June 30, 1994, but final credit disbursement took place on August 24, 1994. Table 4: Loan/Credit Disbursements: Cumulative Estimated and Actual (US$ thousands) [ FY'91 FY'92 FY'93 FY'94 | Appraisal estimate for: Cr. 2179-IN and Ln. 3260-IN 40,000 80,000 140,000 210,000 Cr. 1665-TN reallocation 5,000 25,000 45,000 55,000 Actual for: Cr. 2179-IN and Ln. 3260-IN 33,860 92,100 191,500 210,000 Cr. 1665-IN reallocation - 6,000 14,200 55,000 Actual as % of estimate: Cr. 2179-IN and Ln. 3260-IN 85% 115% 137% 100% Cr. 1665-IN reallocation - 24% 10% 100% Final disbursement date for Cr. 2179-IN: July 28, 1993. Final disbursement date for Ln. 3260-IN: March 4. 1994. Final disbursement date for that portion of Credit 1665-IN reallocated to the CERP: July 11, 1994  16 Table 5: Key Indicators for Project Implementation I . INDICATORS IN SAR/PRESIDENT'S REPORT 2/ LUnits Estimated Modified Actual 3/ Irrigation and Drainage 4 1. Strengthening of Tidal/Flood Banks (Major Irrig.) km 50 175.59 167.17 5 2. Improvement to Tanks (Minor Irrigation) no. 200 196 180 Roads and Bridges 3. State Highway no. 138 764 764 4. "New" Bridges km 59 58 57 5. Cyclone Shelters no. 187 183 182 5 Panchayati Raj Infrastructure 71 6. Roads km 577 3,468.5 3,116 7. Irrigation Tanks no. 1,200 1,086 1,043 8. "New" Comprehensive Water SuppLy Scheme no. 12 - 10 MunicipaLity Services 9. Municipalities no. 26 51 51 10. Roads Metalled km 185 149.48 149.48 11. Roads Metalled on Black Topped km 200 183.50 183.50 12. "New" Road Drains km 120 95.97 95.97 Horticulture 13. Nurseries no. 10 - 10 14. "New" Nurseries no. 4 . 4 15. Credit Provided RsM 1,123 103.0 102.3 8 16. Area covered by Credit ha 14,000 15,208 15,208 Agriculture 17. Removal of Sand Cast ha 3,000 6,294 6,294 Fisheries 18. Surveys of Dept. RsM 0.05 - 0.052 19. Gear for Dept. RsM 14.00 13.96 20. New Marine Boatyards for Dept. RsM 1.00 - 1.00 21. Fish Farms of Dept. RsM 5.00 - 0.86 9 22. Departmental Properties RsM 11.80 - 1.76 9 23. Technical Assistance of Dept. RsM 2.10 - 0.56 24. Improvement of Ports RsM 3.00 - 3.00 25. Credit for Boat Repair RsM 6,000.00 . -3,860.00 26. Credit for "New" Boats RsM 4,000.00 171.00 27. New Catamarans no. 5,000.00 . 744.00 28. New Gear no. 38,000.00 5,552.00 9 29. New Brackish Water Ponds ha 4,086.00 472.00 30. New Freshwater Ponds ha 6,383.00 - 3,329.00 9 Forestry 31. Coastal Shelter Belt ha 12,180.00 4,700.00 4,809.00 32. Seedling Production M bags 39.00 2.04 2.04 Electricity 33. "New" 132 Kv lines km 50.00 275.00 275.00 34. "New" 132/33 K sub-station no. 3.00 12.00 12.00 35. "New" 33 Kv lines km 495.00 643.00 643.00 36. "New" 11 Kv lines km 581.00 713.00 713.00 cont'd/...  17 Table 5: Key Indicators for Project Implementation'/ It. MODIFIED INDICATORS IU/ Units Estimated Modified Actual Irrigation and Drainage 1. "New" Bridges no. 5.00 3.00 2.00 Roads and Bridges 2. Bridges no. 2.00 - 2.00 Panchayati Raj 3. Rural Water Scheme no. 330.00 275.00 Electricity 12 4. Underground 11 Kv Cabtes km 49.00 . 45.00 1 5. 11 KY, 48 Cables km 49.00 94.00 79.90 12 III. OTHER INDICATORS i5/ Units Estimated 4odified Actual Irrigation and Drainage 1. Canals (major) km 639.69 N.A. 630.82 2. Structures (major) km 12.00 N.A. 7.00 3. Major Drains km 1,600.54 N.A. 1,587.32 4. Medium Drains km 1,451.63 N.A. 1,384.96 5. Dredging km 87.57 N.A. 31.67 6. "New" Structures no. 56.00 N.A. 29 .00 7. Structures no. 83.00 N.A. 60.00 8. CanaLs (medium) km 74.37 N.A. 74.37 9. Structures (medium) no. 19.00 N.A. 19.00 10. Rural Roads km 33.46 N.A. 33.46 Panchayati Raj Infrasructure 11. Bridges no. 25.00 N.A. 25.00 municipal Services 12. Water Supply Scheme no. 74.00 N.A. 74.00 Forestry 13. Strip Plantations along Roads km 508.00 N.A. 508.00 Electricity 14. "New" 331111Kv Sub-Station km 50.00 N.A. 50.00 15. Underground LT Cables km 50.00 N.A. 49.00 12 16. LT, AB Cables km 95.00 N.A. 80.00 12 1/ Nearly all indicators refer to improvement or repairs; those that refer to new constructions are marked as "new". 2/ Since no SAR had been prepared, key implementation indicators were taken from the PWP as well as from the President's Report. 3/ UntiL August 31, 1994. 4/ To be completed by November 1994. 5/ To be completed by December 1994. 6/ To be completed by October 1994. 7/ Balance could not be completed due to shortage of funds. 8/ Credit not fully disbursed since farmers financed second and third year of development out of pocket. 9/ Targets were over-estimated due to lack of boat and pond registration at appraisal time. 10/ New indicators specified during implementation. ii/ To be completed by March 1996. 12/ To be completed by September 1994. 13/ New indicators never specified, but reported regularly in progress reports. Note: N.A. = Not applicable.  18 Table 6: Key Indicators for Project Operation Not applicable for thlis project. Table 7: Studies Included in Project Purpose as defined Impact Study at appraisal Status of study 1. Water Management Study of - To develop a computer aided To be started l/ N/A the Krishna-Godavari Delta and fully com-prehensive land and water resources data base, using modern satellite remote sensing and geographic information system (SRS/GIS) techniques. - To develop a fully operational flood warning and management system using the above SRS/GIS database. - To prepare a master plan for improved water management in the Krishna-Godavari-Pennar deltas including all aspects of land recla-mation and drainage engineering, irrigation management, coastal, river and delta development. This Delta Plan would also identify a programme of investment projects. 2. Land and Water Resource To develop an integrated and To be started 2/ - N/A Management Study in the optimal surface and ground- Coastal Area North of the water development plan to meet Godavari Delta. the rapidly increasing drinking water supply, irrigation and industrial requirements in a more sustainable and dependable manner than has been possible so far. / The study was envisaged in the PWP to be of three years duration. Considerable delays were experienced in preparation of TOR, which were eventually drafted by consultants under Trust Fund arrangements by November 1992. In view of the limited time available before closure on June 30 1994, these TOR were appropriate for a truncated (12-month) study only. Although acceptable to the Bank, it took some time to obtain GOAP's agreement to the TOR, which have not yet been finalised. It was then proposed to carry out a first (7 month) phase of study but, as funds had been reallocated to other components, no contract was signed and the study did not start although consultants were shortlisted. Nevertheless as finally proposed, the study would not have fulfilled the objectives envisaged in the PWP. 2/ Overlooked.  19 Table 8A: Project Costs Appraisal estimate (USS million) 1 Actual/latest cstimate (USS million)2' Source Local Foreign Local Foreign costs costs Total costs costs Total 1. Irrigation and Drainage 99 12 111 135.610 2.316 137.926 2. Roads and Bridges 74 19 93 117.775 0.691 118.466 3. Cyclone Shelters 4 1 5 4.303 - 4.303 4. Electricity 32 8 40 59.187 2.269 61.456 5. Agriculture and Fisheries 20 4 24 10.498 - 10.498 6. Rural Water Supply 8 1 9 12.487 - 12.487 7. Municipal Services 8 2 10 11.612 - 11.612 8. Incremental Staff Salaries 13 - 13 19.789 - 19.789 9. Public Buildings 6 1 7 0.784 - 0.784 10. Coastal Shelter Belts 6 - 6 1.683 - 1.683 11. Housing 10 - 10 18.378 - 18.378 12. Technical Assistance 7 6 13 1.364 0.660 2.024 Physical Contingencies 25 3 28 - - Price Contingencies 9 2 11 TOTAL 321 59 380 393.47031 5.936 399.4063/ 11 Source: President's Report dated September 18, 1990. 2/ Source: PMU. 3/ Actual cost until 31 July, 1994 was USS366.969 million, of which USS361.033 million in local currency, no further foreign exchange is expected to be spent through project completion by December 31, 1994. Table 8B: Project Financing 1/ Appraisal estimate (USSM) Actually financed (USSM) Source Local Foreign Local Foreign costs costs Total costs costs Total IDA Credit No. 2179-IN 122.000 48.000 170.000 169.412 4.298 173.710 2/ IBRD Loan No. 3260-IN 29.000 11.000 40.000 38.693 1.466 40.159 3/ IDA Credit No. 1665-IN 55.000 - 55.000 55.111 - 55.111 41 (11 AP Irrigation Project) Government of Andhra Pradesh 115.000 - 115.000 130.254 0.172 130.426 5/ TOTAL 321.000 59.000 380.000 393.470 5.936 399.406 1/ On basis of PMU data. 2/ According to WB data tl.is should be USS174.900 million. 3/ According to WB data thtis should be USS40.000 million. 41 According to WB data this should be US$56.328 million. 5/ This is the latest estimate. GOAP has actually spent USS97.989 million up to July 31, 1994 and has committed itself to spend another USS32.437 million until December 31. 1994.  20 Table 9: Economic Costs and Beneflts Not applicable, see para. 10 of Part I. Table 10: Status of Legal Covenants INDIA Andhra Pradesh Cyclone Emergency Reconstruction Project Covenant Present Original Description of Agreement Section type status fulfilment date covenant Comments DCA 4.01 (a) (i) A C The Borrower shall maintain sound records and accounts reflecting expenditures. DCA. 4.01 (a) (ii) A C - The Borrower shall ensure that records are retained until at least one year after the Association has received the audit report for the fiscal year in which the last withdiawal from the Credit Account was made. DCA. 4.01 (a) (iii) A C - The Borrower shall enable the Association's representatives to examine such records. DCA. 4.01 (b) (i) A C - The Borrower shall have the records and accounts reflecting expcnditures and those in the Special Account audited. DCA 4.01 (b) (ii) A C - The Borrower shall furnish, not later than nine months after the lend of each year the audit report. PA 2.07 F CP 12/31/93 Andhra Pradesh shall increase the Allocations allocations for operations and -increased by nmaintenanice of its affected 33.3% only. irrigated areas by at least 80% of its present level. cont'd/...  21 Covenant Prcsent Original Description of Agreement Section type status fulfilment date covenant Comments PA. 2.08 M C - Andhra Pradesh shall manage, monitor and evaluate the progress of the Project through the PMU. PA. 2.09 M C - Andhra Pradesh shall fumnish semi-annual reports on the progress of the Project. PA. 3.01 (a) A,j C Andhra Pradesh shall maintain sound records and accounts relecting expenditures of the departments and agencies responsible for the project. PA. 3.01 (b) (i) A C - Andhra Pradesh shall have the records and accounts audited in accordance with appropriate auditing principles. PA. 3.01 (b) (ii) A C - Andhra Pradesh shall furnish to the Association, not later than nine months after the end of each such year a copy of the audit re'Port. status: C = Covenant complied with. CP = Complied with partially. Coenant Type: A = Accounts/audits. F = Facilities maintenance. M = Monitoring/reviews. I = Institutional (involving other than project coordination units). Table 11: Compliance with Operational Manual Statements No significant lack of compliance witlh any applicable Bank Operational Manual stateient (O/D or OP/BP) was discovered.  22 Table 12: Bank Resources: Staff Inputs Planned Revised Actual Stajge of Weeks US$ Weeks US$ Weeks US$ Through appraisal N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 42.2 NA. Appraisal-Board NA. NA. N.A. NA. 4.6 NA. Board-effectiveness NA. NA. N.A. NA. NA. NA. Supervision NA. NA. NA. NA. 74.2 NA. Completion 18 NA. NA. NA. 14.0 V/ NA. TOTAL 135.0 NA. / FAO/CP contribution only. Table 13: Bank Resources: Missions Performance rating Number Specialized Implemen- Develop- Stage of Month/ of Days in staff skills tation ment Type of project cycle year persons field represented status objectives problem May-July 1990 N/A N/A FA(2),GA.EE(2) Through appraisal EC.AG.FP.HS. IE/DE(2).RE(2) WE.PR.L,S.FO Appraisal through Board approval July-Oct.1990 _ - Board approval through effectiveness Oct-Dec 1990 Supervision Nov. 1990 7 5 FA.EC,AG.IE.,RE, 1 1 - M AD. E April 1991 7 9 EC,AG(2),1E,RE, 2 2 M,T PR,FA Oct. 1991 7 11 AG,EE.DE.iE,RE, 2 2 MT.F PR.FA March 1991 7 13 AG.EE.OERIE. 1 1 T RE,PR,FA Oct. 1992 7 13 AG.EE,DE.IE,RE, 1 1 T ___________ ~~~PR,FA May 1993 7 12 AG,EE.DE.IE.RE. 1 1 T I I PR.FA Dec.1993 6 16 FA.EE.DE.RE.PR. 1 1 T Completion Sept.1994 2 EC,IE FA - Financial Analyst: GA - General Adviser: IE = Irrigation Engineer: EC - Economist, AG - Agriculturalist: FP * Fishery & Ports Expert; HS - Housing Expert: EE - Electrical Engineer: RE * Roads Engineer: WE - Water Engineer: PR - Procurement Expert: L - Lawyer: S - Sociologist: FO - Forester: AD - Administrator; ME - Management Expert: DE - Drainage Engineer. 21 M - Management: F - Financlal: T - Technical.  23 IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION REPORT INDIA ANDHRA PRADESH CYCLONE EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT (Cr.2 179-IN/Ln.3260-IN) Appendix A Mission's Aide-Memoire Introduction 1. The ICR Mission comprising Mr. D.J. Lens (Economist/Mission Leader, FAO/World Bank Co-operative Program) and Mr. C. Chapman (Civil Engineer, Consultant) visited Andhra Pradesh from 12-26 September, 1994 in accordance with Terms of Reference dated August 17, 1994 to: (i) assess the implementation of the multi- sectoral emergency project APCERP; (ii) in retrospect solicit the Borrower's views on the same; and (iii) if required, prepare a schedule of follow-up actions for effective operation and maintenance of relevant Project components. 2. The Mission held meetings with officials of the Departments of Finance and Planning (DFP), Irrigation and Command Area Development, Roads & Buildings, Energy (State Electricity Board), Panchayat Raj, Forests, Fisheries, Agriculture, and Public Health Engineering. It also undertook field visits to project works in five of the nine coastal districts comprising the project area. 3. This Aide-Memoire reflects the views of the Government of Andhra Pradesh (GOAP) and the Mission on: (i) the implementation of each component under APCERP; (ii) the status of the operation plan, including maintenance, regarding the project investments put in place under the project; and (iii) necessary actions to be taken, particularly those needed to ensure sustainability. APCERP Objectives 4. The objectives of the project were to restore public infrastructure damaged in the May 1990 cyclone; assist in the repair and restoration of private assets; strengthen institutional capabilities in cyclone preparedness and mitigation; and provide an updated plan for modernization of irrigation and drainage in the delta and coastal areas of the state.  24 INDIA: Andhra Pradesh Cyclone Eniergency Reconstruction Project Implementation Compiection Report Appendix A: Mission's Aide Mcmnoire Implementation Project Management Unit (PMU) 5. The PMU, which was established in the DFP, was responsible for co- ordination, procurement and monitoring of the implementation activities of all APCERP components. In addition, it set up a Technical Monitoring Committee (TMC), procured Radio-HAM Equipment through National Institute of Amateur Radio and granted these to the District Collectors, recruited technical assistance consultants and arranged for procurement training for its own staff. Finally, it had to arrange for the Water Management Studies to be carried out under the Project. All this was to be financed out of the Technical Assistance Component of Rs290M. 6. Mostly due to not having carried out the Water Management Studies, which were to cost Rs100M, the original allocation was reduced to Rs56M, which was spent. The balance of Rs234M was reallocated to the Drainage and Electricity components which were in dire need of funds to carry out the works planned. Overall execution, for which PMU was responsible, has been outstanding and the decision to reallocate the Water Management Study funds to project works with a more tangible and immediate impact may not be correct, but is understandable. PMU is fully aware of this "fault pas" and making all efforts to obtain funds from elsewhere to carry out the study as soon as possible. Irrigation and Command Area Development Department (ICAD) 7. ICAD responsibilities included extensive drainage, major irrigation, flood protection and tidal protection works, which formed the largest and most -technically complex components of the project. Because of this, a Chief Engineer was appointed to manage the CERP wing in ICAD which was established at the start of the project to carry out ICAD's work under APCERP. Works classified as medium (2,000-10,000 ha) and minor (40-2,000 ha) irrigation were managed by existing Chief Engineers of the regular departmental establishment. One of the main functions of the TMC was advice on design criteria and standards of these components. 8. Because of delays in posting of staff, difficulties of land acquisition, problems in arranging canal closures and the need to reject unrealistically high tenders, the works got off to a slow start. Subsequently, these problems were resolved and excellent progress was made with the result that the extent of works was increased to include, inter-alia, major drainage in the Pennar Delta. These additional works were the main reason for a revision in funding allocation from Rsl,903M to Rs3,626M (excluding equipment, consultants and contingencies). Of this, Rs3,305M have so far been spent and the remainder will be used for completion of outstanding items, particularly dredging, where about 20% of the final target remains to be completed (see pages 1-3  25 INDIA: Andhlra Pradesh Cyclone Emcrgcncy Rcconstructioni Project Iniplenientation Completion Rcport Appendix A: Mission's Aide Mcmnoire of the attached tables). Although the dredgers procured by the project accorded to specification, lack of experience in their operation, together with difficult soil conditions, resulted in slower output than had been anticipated. Completion is, however, eXpected by December 1994. Overall, the management of the difficult ICAD component of the project has been exemplary. 9. Stringent measures have been taken to ensure acceptable quality of works, which is generally excellent. However, earthworks, whether in embankments, drains or canals, require frequent maintenance and there is evidence of deterioration, particularly in works carried out in the early stages of the project. A process of handover of completed works for maintenance by regular units has not been adopted with the result that a maintenance backlog of up to three years has developed. 10. Important elements of this component of the project, which were not undertaken are the Water Management Study of the Krishna-Godavari Delta and the Land and Water Resource Management Study of the Coastal Area North of the Godavari Delta. It is apparent that hesitation on the studies resulted from a lack of consensus on their usefulness to the project. The Krishna-Godavari study in particular was intended as a major three-year exercise to identify long-term water management and damage mitigation requirements for the delta, which would only have been completed by the end of the project. 11. However, throughout the course of the project it was necessary for management to take decisions on design criteria for works included in the project. These decisions were taken in consultation with the TMC, of necessity on the basis of inadequate detailed technical investigations. In particular, the works carried out in the Kolleru Lake basin, such as improvements to the Thammileru, Budameru and Upputeru channels, should have been based on a comprehensive water management plan for the basin. This has resulted in a recommendation by the last supervision mission that corrective measures are to be taken up for the works already implemented on the basis of updated design parameters. This can only be done on the completion of the Water Management Study. 12. The Project Working Plan (PWP) proposed the procurement of equipment to carry out reconstruction work and, more importantly, to be available for emergency interventions. Although eight mini-dredgers have been procured, seaworthy dredgers, as proposed by the PWP have not; problems in maintaining tidal drain outlets may therefore be experienced.  26 INDIA: Andhra Pradesh Cyclone Emergency Reconstruction Project Implementation Compiction Report Appendix A: Mission's Aide Memnoire Roads and Buildings Department (RBD) 13. RBD has completed all works for which it was responsible under the project (state roads, bridges and cyclone shelters). Original targets were revised upward for roads (138 to 764 km) and bridges (59 to 60), and reduced for the cyclone shelters from 187 to 183. The standard of works is generally good and all construction faults have been rectified. 14. The total original fund allocation for this component (excluding equipment, Bailey bridges and contingencies) increased from Rs748M to Rs1,792M mainly due to additional works, higher tender premiums, price increases and more detailed costing than originally prepared. Actual expenditure was Rsl,765M (see page 4 of the attached tables). 15. A recommendation made by the last Supervision Mission and not yet followed through, was to establish the overall costed maintenance plan for the 764 km of road upgraded under APCERP. It was agreed that RBD would attend to this at the earliest. Panchayat Raj Department (PRD) 16. PRD has also completed their reconstruction contribution to CERP, i.e. minor irrigation which was reduced from 1,200 to 1,084 tanks, rural roads which increased from 577 to 3,116 km, comprehensive rural water supply schemes (CRWS), which was reduced from 12 to 10, and the improvement of rural water supply schemes (RWS), which decreased from 330 to 275. The decrease in tanks for minor irrigation was caused by the fact PRD repaired breached tanks only: the originally, intended strengthening of bua1ds was considered as superfluous, and cancelled by PRD. Again, the standard of works is high. 17. The original total cost (excluding equipment and contingencies) for the component of Rsl,420M was increased to Rs2,018M to cover additional road works. The increase was also due to more accurate costing than originally undertaken, higher tender premiums and price increases. Actual expenditure was Rs2,182M; the increase was due to contract price escalation (see table attached). Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) 18. PHED fulfilled its responsibility under the CERP in all respects i.e., improvement of municipal roads, the construction of road drains and the improvement of municipal water supply. During implementation the original target for most of these works increased. The main reason was the fact that at appraisal, GOAP suggested that APCERP cover 51 municipalities, but the Bank Mission decided to reduce this to 26.  27 INDIA: Andhra Pradcsh Cyclosoc Emergency Reconstruction Project Implementation Completion Report Appendix A: Mission's Aide Mcmoire An early Bank Supervision Mission reinstated the original programme since the total amount of work in the 26 municipalities had been significantly over-estimated. Finally, a total of 333 km of roads were improved, 96 km of road drains installed and 74 water supply schemes improved. 19. The original cost allocation of the PHED component of Rs202M increased to Rs335M due to the additional work and higher tender premiums than anticipated. Actually spent was Rs331M (see page 5 of the attached tables.) Horticulture Department (HD) 20. HD was responsible for the rehabilitation of ten existing nurseries, construction of three new nurseries (including buildings) and one coconut seed garden (including buildings) to support the programme for replacement of fruit trees damaged by the cyclone. In addition, long term credit was also to be provided to farmers for planting a variety of fruit trees (mango, citrus, coconut, cashew, etc.) on about 14,000 Ha. which was later revised to 15,208 ha. The nurseries and coconut garden have now been established; not all credit was used since many farmers brought in their own funds for second and third year maintenance of the trees. Nevertheless, the final target area of fruit trees has been rehabilitated at a cost of Rs133M, which is within the original cost target of Rs144M (excluding contingencies), (see page 5 of the attached tables). Repayment of the credit is to start in 1997. Agriculture Department (AD) 21. AD was in charge of assisting in the removal of sand cast on the land by means of credit channelled to small and marginal farmers in the project area. The original estimated cost allocation for this component of Rs45M was exceeded; actually Rs51M was spent for clearing sand over 6,294 ha, which was equal to the final target. The original area targeted had been 3,000 ha (see page 5 of the attached tables). This increase in funding was due to an under-estimate of the area covered by sand. Fisheries Department (FD) 22. FD was responsible for the implementation of the fisheries component of the project which was not successful when compared with the original targets, which were excessively over estimated. The main reason for this was the large over-estimate of numbers of boats and ponds lost/damaged at the time of appraisal due to lack of data as no registration existed for boats or ponds at the time. 23. The credit that was to be disbursed also encountered the usual problem of lack of sufficient collateral. Nevertheless, the three ports that needed to be improved have been put back in place. The balance of Rs236M of the original fund allocation of  28 INDIA: Andhra Pradcsh Cyclonc Enmer,cncy Reconistrtiction Project Implenientation Completion Report Appcndix A: Mission's Aide Memnoire Rs3O8M was distributed over other more dynamic APCERP components (see page 6 of the attached tables). Department of Forest (DOF) 24. DOF re-established the cyclone damaged coastal shelter belt acreage originally covered by a large number of trees. The original target of 12,180 ha was reduced to 4,809 ha due to human encroachment. Subsequently, the target area was reduced again to 4,700 ha due to slow progress and need of funds by other more dynamic components in APCERP. In the end 4,800 ha of shelter belts were re-established. As a result, the original allocation was eventually reduced from Rs111M to Rs5OM, of which only Rs47M was spent (see page 7 of the attached tables). The main issue regarding this component concerns the lack of funds for protecting the shelter belt improved under APCERP. Presently available DOF funds cover only the cost of one security guard per 5,000 ha instead of one per 25 ha for new plantations and one per 250 ha for established plantations, as actually required. It was noted that this component was entirely funded by GOAP which indicated that it would look into this particular problem. Energy Department (Electricity Board - EB) 25. The EB has successfully implemented the electricity component of APCERP. It is also the only entity participating in APCERP, which has a full annual maintenance plan for which it has adequate funds. Its works under APCERP included strengthening of transmission lines and establishing of sub-stations. The original target as set out by GOAP as well as the fund allocation under CERP have increased. The latter nearly doubled to Rsl,560M. So far Rsl,524M have been spent (see page 8 of the attached tables). Conclusion 26. So far as implementation of APCERP is concerned, the project has been a great success. The works have been carried out in a timely and orderly manner and the flow of funds has corresponded with planned and incurred expenditure. There were only a few procurement issues which were quickly resolved. No extensions of the Credit/ Loan were required since they were entirely disbursed before project closure. Credit 2179 and Loan 3260 were disbursed before their closure on March 31, 1994, while the funds allocated for APCERP under AP II Irrigation Project Credit No.1665 were disbursed before its closure on June 30, 1994. 27. With the exception of one, all objectives have been substantially achieved and the extent of works completed has significantly exceeded original targets in most components. However, a start has yet to be made in the proposed planning of irrigation and drainage modernization. The proposed planning exercise included two components;  29 INDIA: Andhra Pradesh Cyclone Emergency Rcconstruction Project Implementation Compiction Report Appendix A: Mission's Aide Mcmoire a Water Management Study of the Krishna-Godavari Delta and a Land and Water Resource Management Study in the Coastal Area North of the Krishna Delta. The former study was also intended to cover the Pennar Delta. Although not immediately obvious from their titles, the studies were intended to identify strategies for flood management, including works necessary for flood mitigation after completion of the emergency reconstruction. This aspect of the studies was possibly not fully realized by GOAP and, despite being pressed by successive Bank Supervision Missions, little action was taken until late in the project, when inadequate time and funds remained to complete the studies. 28. The studies as originally proposed would have had little influence on the reconstruction and improvement works carried out under the project, but would have provided a firm basis for investment in longer term mitigation measures. This is particularly important in the case of flood protection works, which have in the past been improved to provide a degree of safety over and above the last disaster. However, a detailed analysis of flood occurrences, routing and management is essential to allow the design, social and economic justification of works necessary for long term reliable protection. The lack of such an analysis has already resulted in a degree of uncertainty concerning water management of Kolleru Lake and will prove a severe constraint on future flood mitigation measures in the Godavari, Krishna and Pennar Deltas, as well as along the coastal rivers to the north of the Godavari. 29. Several agencies have been involved in project implementation in various sectors but, in terms of cyclone/flood protection and damage mitigation, the works under ICAD are of the greatest importance and particular attention has been paid to them by the mission. Generally the planning, co-ordination and supervision of ICAD works has been excellent and achievements impressive. However, some potential problem areas have come to light as follows: The project has adopted the usually accepted practice in AP of not compacting drain embankments, but of providing sufficient additional fill to promote natural consolidation. Under normal design conditions, with ordinary flood levels below ground level and maximum flood levels at most 0.60m above ground level, this has proved successful. However, certain reaches of drain in the project area are designed with maximum flood levels up to 2.Om above ground level, and this has resulted in high (approx 5m) uncompacted flood banks which are susceptible to damage, particularly in the early years before natural consolidation takes place. Failure of such banks would inundate large areas of farm land. The adequacy of structures out falling into the rivers, the sea or larger drains which flow above ground level has been reviewed by  30 INDIA: Andhra Pradesh Cyclone Erner.cncy Rcconstruction Projcct Implementation Coniplction Report Appendix A: Mission's Aide Memoire the project. However, this was done in the context of a perceived limited availability of funds and, as many of the structures are up to 140 years old, may have been over-optimistic. The failure of such structures would result in significant damage. The project has rehabilitated and improved tidal banks as protective measures against saltwater intrusion as envisaged in the PWP. However, the banks have not been designed to provide protection under cyclonic conditions as this was considered a long term mitigation measure outside the scope of the project. The requirements, costs and benefits of strengthening the banks to resist cyclonic conditions should be evaluated, possibly as part of the Delta Water Management Study. Finally, the lack of sea dredging capability, because suitable equipment was not procured, could lead to reduced capacities of drain sea outfalls with consequent backing up and flooding in the farming areas. 30. On a positive note, it is encouraging that GOAP has agreed to provide adequate funds for the rehabilitation and improvement of the minor drains in the Krishna/Godavari deltas and for the medium and minor drains in the Pennar Delta, which were not included under APCERP. This will not only allow full effectiveness of the drainage systems, but represents an acknowledgement by Government of the importance of drainage, which has been adequately demonstrated by increased paddy production over the past two years. 31. No economic nor cost efficiency assessment of the APCERP could be made at this point, since no data are available. Neither did the Work Plan prepared by the appraisal contained such assessments. APCERP was an emergency project and the Bank's Work Plan for the project was considered by the Bank and GOAP as the substitute of the SAR. Meanwhile PMU has initiated an Impact Evaluation Study on the suggestion of the Bank. The contract for the study has been signed with CESS and it is to be completed by the end of the year, which may be in time for inclusion in the GOAP contribution to the ICR. Operational Plan 32. Operation Plans of the investments realized under the APCERP and required by the Bank are similar to those in operation before the cyclone. APCERP was an emergency reconstruction project and has not established any new works for which operational plans had to be prepared. There seems no need to obtain these old plans,  31 INDIA: Andhra l'radesh Cyclonc Emnergency Rcconsttiuctioii Project Implementation Completion Report Appendix A: Mission's Aide Menioire which would be too numerous and voluminous in any event to append to the Aide- Memoire as required by the Bank according to the new ICR guidelines. 33. However, the maintenance of the works reconstructed or repaired under APCERP is of considerable importance, as their previous lack of maintenance was a greater cause of poor condition than was cyclone damage. This was particularly true of drainage systems which were largely blocked and inoperative, exacerbating damage caused by the cyclone. 34. It should be realized that the works carried out by the project only form components of road, irrigation and drainage systems and other public infrastructure for which maintenance organizations and systems exist. These organizations and systems are generally adequate to identify, specify and supervise maintenance works, which are carried out by contractors. The main inadequacy is in the availability of funds for the works and this has, in some cases, led to disillusionment of staff in maintenance units and the breakdown of inspection procedures. 35. Of particular concern is the maintenance of the major drainage component of the project which has been estimated by ICAD to require Rs300/ha/annum compared with RslOO/ha/annum presently allocated, according to PMU, while the national norm for the Krishna-Godavari Delta is on average RslO7/ha/annum according to PMU's interpretation of the Ninth Finance Commission Report. Maintenance allocations for irrigation works of RslOO/ha/annum (national norm is Rs174/ha/annum, according to PMU) are less than 50% of requirements, as are provisions to both RBD and PRD for road maintenance. 36. It has been agreed that all departments will prepare itemized and costed maintenance plans with proposed methods of financing, to be forwarded to the Bank before the draft ICR is received by GOAP. GOAP Contribution to the ICR 37. As required by the Bank (General Conditions Applicable to Loan and Guarantee Agreements, Sec. 9.07 C) the Borrower, GOAP, is to contribute to the ICR in a report or summary reflecting its views on the execution and initial operation of the project; its uses and benefits derived and to be derived; its own as well as the Bank's performance of the respective obligations under the Credit/Loan Agreement; and the accomplishment of the purposes of the Credit/Loan. 38. The draft contribution to the ICR by GOAP was prepared and submitted to the ICR mission on its arrival. The Mission and PMU have jointly reviewed GOAP's contribution and agreed to amend it to, inter alia, attempt to accommodate a full  32 INDIA: Andlhra Pradeslh Cyclone Emergency Rcconstruction Project Implementation Conipletion Rcport Appcndix A: Mission's Aide Mcmoire economic analysis of the major works under the project. The upcoming Impact Evaluation Study may be helpful in this respect, if a first draft could be completed within six months after the project closure. The project closure date for this purpose has been agreed to be June 30, 1994 (and not March 31, 1994, as stipulated in the DCA) to correspond to the closure date of Cr.1665-IND (AP II Irrigation), under which the project was partly funded. 39. It was agreed that GOAP would include in its contribution to the ICR, actions it intends to take in respect of the two main issues brought about by the Aide- Memoire, i.e. funding for maintenance of the APCERP works and the execution of the Water Management Studies. In this context it should be noted that the project management agreed with the mission that the works in all sectors will not be sustainable without adequate maintenance and that it is essential that sufficient funds are provided for this purpose. Mission's Suggestions 40. The exceptional performance of the APCERP in comparison with other projects in AP and possibly in the whole of India is mainly due to the organization and management system (Project Management and Monitoring System) adopted. Owing to this, the GOAP has already put forward a Government order to continue the PMU on a permanent basis and to enhance its responsibility in covering all external funded projects that are to be implemented in AP, as of February 1995. In the meantime, PMU will be extended as it is until that date. 41. The mission believes that the CERP Wing also deserves a lot of credit for the implementation of the project works undertaken by ICAD. It is understood that this Wing is also being retained, initially to undertake the minor drains in the three deltas. This has proved an extremely effective set-up and its structure and management systems could advantageously be adopted for all other Bank funded irrigation projects in AP. The continuation of the Wing in existence will allow the following specific recommendations to be carried out: (a) The adequacy of embankments in all reaches of drain where design levels are above ground level should be ensured; (b) The adequacy of all out fall structures to rivers, the sea or drains which could flow above ground level be determined in both quantity and quality and additional works, repairs or replacements be undertaken;  33 INDIA: Andlhra Pradesh Cyclonc Emergency Reconstruction Project Implementation Compleiion Report Appendix A: Mission's Aide Mcmoirc (c) The handover procedure should include inspections by the implementing entity together with the entity accepting maintenance responsibility, to identify physical and funding requirements to rectify the maintenance backlog and complete minor works; (d) The Delta and Coastal Rivers Water Management Plans should be initiated as soon as possible. Terms of reference should ensure that they are useful planning documents and not academic exercises; and (e) Comprehensive and accurate layouts of irrigation, drainage, and flood protection systems and associated structures, together with other infrastructure, should be prepared at 1:50,000 scale and used as the basis for preparation of similar maps at 1:250,000 and 1:500,000 scale (or Imperial equivalents).  ANDHRA PRADESH CYCLONE EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT PHYSICAL REPORT UNTIL AUGUST, 1994 (Cr. 2179-IN/Ln. 3260-IN) Financial Allocations & Physical Targets Actual Achievement Actual Exprs. (Rs.in Millions) Si. Depanment & Working Orginal Final Unit Achieved % of Final Allocation Actual % of No. Works Plan Target Target Target Working Final Expendi- Final Plan Alocation ltwe Allocation (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) 1 . IRRIGATION & COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT DEPT. A. Major Irrigation 300.0 367.7 353.0 96.00 Improvement .to Canals NS NS 639.69 KMs 630.82- 96.61 Improvements to Structures NS NS 12 Nos 7- 58.33 - Strengthening of Tidal/Foods Banks 50 NS 175.59 KMs 167.17- 95.20 B. Drainage 1135.4 2642.7 2449.0 92.67 Improvement to Major Drains K.G.Oetta NS, NS 1476.61 KMs 1465.62- 99.25 Pennar Delta NS NS 123.93 KMs 121.70- 98.22 Contd..... * Remaining works will be completed by the end of November, 1994.  ANDHRA PRADESH CYCLONE EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT PHYSICAL REPORT UNTIL AUGUST, 1994 (Cr. 2179-IN/Ln. 3260-IN) Financial Allocations & Physical Targets Actual Achievement Actual Expra. (Rs.in Millions) Si. Department & Working Orginal Final Unit Achieved % of Final Allocation Actual % of No. Works Plan Target Target Target Working Final Expendi- Final Plan Allocation lure Allocation (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11 (12) Improvement to Medium Drains K.G.Defta NS NS 1451.63 KMs 1384.96 95.40 oDedging K.G.Delta NS NS 87.57 KMs 31.67" 36.16 Structures K.G.Delta a) Now NS NS 46 Nos 19-- 41.30 b) RemodeNing NS NS 69 Nos 46--- 66.67 - Pennar Deha a) Now NS NS 10 Nos 10 100 b) Remodeling NS NS 14 Nos 14 100 * Remaining works will be completed by the end of November, 1994. Works over the remaining 55.9 Km of drain will be much less than over the first 31.67 Kms; in tact in terms of actual work only abotA 28% is to be completed, which wai be done by the end of November 1994. The remaining structures under K.G. Dela vwhich have been already half completed win be hluy completed by the end of December, 1994. 2  ANDHRA PRADESH CYCLONE EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT PHYSICAL REPORT UNTIL AUGUST, 1994 (Cr. 2179-IN/Ln. 3260-IN) Financial Allocations & Physical Targets Actual Achievement Actual Expra. (Rs.in Millions) Si. Department & Working Orginal Final Unit Achieved % of Final Allocation Actual % of No. Works Plan Target Target Target Working Final Expendi- Final Plan Allocation ture Allocation (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) C. Medium Irrigation 85.5 104.5 103.5 99.04 Improvements to Canals NS NS 74.37 KMs 74.37 100.00 Improvements to Structures NS NS 19 Nos 19 100.00 D. Minor Irrigation 382.1 411.3 399.7 97.18 Improvement to Tanks 200 - 196 Nos 180 91.83 E. Improved Roads" NS NS 33.46 KMs 33.46 100.00 F. Construction of Bridges*- NS 5 3 Nos 20 66 Remaining works will be completed by December, 1994. The financial allocation/ expenditure for roads is included under section C. Medium Irrigation. The financial allocation/ expendture for bridges is included under Section A. Major Irrigation. I Foundation design for the remaining bridge works have been recently finalised and the actual construction will be taken up in the next working season; completion is excepted by March 1996. 3  ANDHRA PRADESH CYCLONE EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT PHYSICAL REPORT UNTIL AUGUST, 1994 (Cr. 2179-IN/Ln. 3260-IN) Financial Allocations & Physical Targets Actual Achievement Actual Exprs. (Rs.in Millions) Si. Depaftment & Working Orginal Final Uni Achieved % of Final Allocation Actual % of No. Works Plan Target Target Target Working Final Expendi- Final Plan Allocation ture Allocation (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) 2. ROADS & BUILDINGS DEPT. 747.9 1792.2 1765.1 98.48 A. State Highways (Repairs/Improvements) 138 NS 764 KMs 764 100.00 B. Construction of Bridges 59 57 58 Nos 57' 98.27 C. Improvement of Bridges 2 2 Nos 2 100 D. Cyclone Shelters 187 187 183 Nos 182' 99.45 3. PANCHAYATI RAJ DEPT. 1420.4 2018 2182.7 108.16 w A. Roads 577 3468.5 3468.5 KMs 3116. 89.83 B. Bridges NS NS 25 Nos 25 100.00 C. Minor Irrigation tanks Improved 1200 1015 1086# Nos 1043' 96.00 D. New CRWS Schemes 12 12 12 Nos 10## 83.33 E. Improvements to RWS NS 330 330 Nos 275## 83.33 The remaining work will be completed by the end of October, 1994. The construction of remaining cyclone shelter will be compleied by Depanment of Forest since it was constructed in Forest area. ^ The balance original programme under roads could'i be taken up for want of funds. D The remaining M.t. works require no improvement and hence dropped. S The remaining works will be completed by the Tribal Welfare Department. ## The remaining RWS works could not be taken up for want of funds. o The expenditure under Panchayati Raj Sector is in excess of the final allocation on account of payments towards price escalation as per agreements. 4  ANDHRA PRADESH CYCLONE EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT PHYSICAL REPORT UNTIL AUGUST, 1994 (Cr. 2179-IN/Ln. 3260-IN) Financial Allocations & Physical Targets Actual Achievement Actual Exprs. (Rs.in Millions) Si. Depanment & Working Orginal Final Unit Achieved % of Final Allocation Actual % of No. Works Plan Target Target Target Working Final Expendi- Final Plan Allocation ture Allocation (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) 4. PUBUC HEALTH ENGINEERING DEPT. 201.7 335.2 331.0 98.74 A. Municipalities 26 26 51 Nos 51 100.00 B. Roads Metalled 185 NS 149.48' KMs 149.48 100.00 C. Roads Metalled & 200 NS 183.50' KMs 183.50 100.00 Black Topped D. Construction of Road Drains 120 NS 95.97' KMs 95.97 100.00 E. Improvements to Water Supply Schemes NS NS 74 Nos 74 100.00 5. HORTICULTURE DEPT. 144.3 132.8 130.8 98.49 A. Improvement to Nursaries 10 10 10 Nos 10 100.00 B. New Nursaries 4 4 4 Nos 4 100.00 C. Credit: a) Value 112.3 112.3 103.0 Rs.in Mill. 102.3 99.32 b) Area 14000 NS 15208 Ha. 15208 100.00 c) Beneficiaries NS NS 11279 Nos 11279 100.00 6. AGRICULTURE DEPT. 45.0 51.0 51.0 100.00 R'emoval of Sand Cast 3000 NS 6294 Ha. 6294 100.00 * Under Public Health Engineering Deptt. the Working Plan targets for roads are not in Working Plan, but in the Technical annex to memorandum and recommendations of the President. These targets were over-estimated; the final target depicted the actual requirement. 5  ANDHRA PRADESH CYCLONE EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT PHYSICAL REPORT UNTIL AUGUST, 1994 (Cr. 2179-IN/Ln. 3260-IN) Financial Allocations & Physical Targets Actual Achievement Actual Exprs. (Rs.in Millions) Si. Department & Working Orginal Final Unit Achieved % of Final Allocation Actual %'o of No. Works Plan Target Target Target Working Final Expendi- Final Plan Allocation ture Allocation (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) 7. FISHERIES DEPT. * 307.4 73 71.7 93.22 A. Departmental Expenditure Survey of damaged boats 0.05 0.05 0.05 Rs. in Mill. 0.05 100.00 Fishing gear allowance 14.00 14.00 14.00 13.96 99.71 Establishment of mini Boat Yards 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 100.00 Fish Farming 5.00 5.00 5.00 0.86 17.36 Repairs to Deparnrhental Properties 11.80 11 80 11.80 1.76 14.93 Technical Assistance 2.10 2.10 2.10 * 0.56 26.66 B. Credit Boat Repairs 6000 NS 6000 Nos 3860 64.33 New Boats 4000 NS 4000 Nos. 171 4.27 Catamarans 5000 NS 5000 Nos. 744 14.88 Gear 38W) NS 38000 Nos 5552 14.61 Brakish Water Ponds 4086 NS. 4086 Ha. 472 11.55 Fresh Water Ponds 6383 NS 6383 Ha. 3329 52.15 C. Improvements to Ports 3 3 3 Nos 3 100 * The Working Plan targets could not be achieved due to over-estimation of the requirements and poor response from beneficiaries.  ANDHRA PRADESH CYCLONE EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT PHYSICAL REPORT UNTIL AUGUST, 1994 (Cr. 2179-IN/Ln. 3260-IN) Financial Allocations & Physical Targets Actual Achievement Actual Exprs. (Rs.in Millions) Si. Department & Working Orginal Final Unht Achieved % of Final Allocation Actual % of No. Works Plan Target Target Target Working Final Expendi- Final Plan Allocation ture Allocation (l) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) 8. FOREST DEPT. 111.1 50.0 47.0 94.00 A. Establishment of Coastal Shelter Belts 12180 NS 4700' Ha. 4809 102.32 p. B. Seedlings Production 39.00 NS 2.04' MillIbags 2.04 100.00 C. Strip Plantations along Roads NS NS 508 KMs 508 100.00 The Working Plan targets could not be achieved due to encroachment .7  ANDHRA PRADESH CYCLONE EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT PHYSICAL REPORT UNTIL AUGUST, 1994 (Cr. 2179-IN/Ln. 3260-IN) Financial Allocations & Physical Targets Actual Achievement Actual Exprs. (Rs.in Millions) Si. Depanment & Working Orginal Final" Unit Achieved % ot Final Allocation Actual % of No. Works Plan Target Target Target Working Final Expendi- Final Plan Allocation ture Allocation (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) 9. ENERGY DEPT.: 871.3 1560.0... 1524.5 97.72 (Electricity Board) A. New 132 KV lines 50 50 275 KM 275 100 B. Construction of 132/33 KV Sub-stations 3 5 12 Nos 12 100 C. New 33 KV lines 495 515 643 KMs 643 100 D. Construction of 33/11 KV Sub-stations NS - 50 Nos 50 100 E. New 11 KV lines 581 581 713 KMs 713 100 F. Underground 11 KV Cables NS 49 49 KMs 45- 92 G. Underground LT Cables NS - 50 KMs 49- 98 H. 1 1 KV, AB Cables NS 49 94 KMs 79.9' 85 I. LT, AB Cables NS - 95 KMs. 80 85 The remaining works of under ground / AB cables will be completed by the end of Sept.'94. Final target increase due to increase in final allocation. Increase of final allocation is due to a more tavourable exchange. rate. 8   "I IB-11-.1' .8-83 1 ~~~~77' 78 79' 8G' / d 7 83' 8t- 6 INDIA L- 't -.. \ CYCLONE EMERGENCY RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT g -x\ g ~~~~A D I L A 8 A D.- POETo (.,+ 2 g J 2 AFFECTED AREAS MADHYA ! --n~bc,d PRADESH NIZMABDf~ KARIMNAGAR -0 18 .c~~2rOShO, ~WARANGAL IS > 4 : i A A _Nydem K I^ N#AiA 17 Am. o Coaos Bet Alffaced due l Cydons nd F6o& 17 o Glues ch~~~~~~~~~ilipwo Dsict our_ K" , = ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ *Sk le:-5c q> hal 4 h*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~lfrnoband Bwtndcuie r j K U R N O L O t --fI z ANANTAPUR K CUIDDAPAH