China - Second Xinjiang Highway Project : environmental impact assessment (Vol. 1 of 6)

World Bank Loan A Categort r Num.ber of Loan Abro*l X93C0O3rC3042 Claw A Ass5esment Certificate No. 0901 Urumqi-Kuitun Highway Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,PRC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Von LX RESEARCH ACADEMY OF ENV[F 'NMI.NTAL SCIENCE *PRC Novermber . 1995  j:C Wf%4w'&ipW ~?r I'Yv~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I _ f i. ---------- * **ifiiE4& _~~( 4) 1 tXF I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ amanamnnnmsmflSi-  Person in charge of the academy Chen Fu Person in charge of the assessment Cao Hongfa.Professor Terms of References Cao Hongla.Environmental ecology specialty Xie Poling, SenLior engineer,physical geography specialty litial Environment Impact Assessment Liu Jianjun,Engineer.Biology specialty Assessment of Status quo of Eco-environnent Li Xinhua.Engineer,Ecology specialty Xu Yanhua'Engineer,Ecology specialty Ung Jun,Engineer.Eco-environment mconitoring specialty Assessen_t of Status quo of Atnosphene Envirronment Tang l)eqing,Engineer.Atmosphcric physics specialty Xu Yueying.Engineer.Analytical chemistry specialty Guo Yuhong,Engineer.Atmospheric physics specialty Assessment of Status quo of Acoustic Environnment Jiao Bac.hua.Engineer.Environmental monitoring specialty Shen Xuhui.Engineer. Environmental monitoring specialty Assessnwet of Eco-enviromnent Imtpat Shu Jianming, Engineer, Environmental ecology specialty Niu Yongqi .Engineer ,Ecology specialty Assessment of Atmospheric Environment Impact Gao Taxi.Engineer,Atmospheric physics specialty Assessment of Acoustic Environment Shen Yinwa Engineer Environment mcnitoring specialty Risk Assessment Gao Yinxin .Engineer ,EnvironmentaL chemistry specialty Zhao Zhigang,Engineer,Ecology specialty Analysis of Economic Profit and Loss of Environment Impact Gao Liangui,Engineer,Business mangement specialty Public Involvement Zhodi Huarong, Engineer,Ecology specialty Shen Zhi.Engineer,Ecology specialty Measures of Environmental Protection ao Hiongha,Xie Nring and L Xinhua  Contents Chapter 1 Generality ..* --.l...)...... 1. 1 O)rigin of Project *........ (1) 1. 2 Purpose of Assessment . (1) 1. 3 Basis ef Assessment .-.-.-.-.-... (1) 1. 4 Areas and Period of Assessment . . . (2) 1. 5 Standards of Assessment ...........-.... . ...(2) 1. F Main Methods of Assessment -.-.-.-.--... (3) Chapter 2 Introduction to the Project ............ . ... (5) 2.1 Significance of Constructing U-K Highway .. (5) 2. 2 The Trend of the Road Line and Major Control Points ..............................................................................(5) 2. 3 Scale of Construction and Technical Standard . (5) 2. 4 Project Schedule and Investment - ;-- (7) 2. 5 Forecast Results of Traffic Volume . -. -.-.-(9) Chapter 3 Environmental Status Quo Along the Aligrnent and Its Assessment -------------(-------- 1 1) 3. 1 Physical Environmentql Status Quo ---- .------ (11) 3. 2 Ecological Envirome catus Quo Monitoring and Assessment ..-........-..... . .......(13) 3. 3 Social Environmet -.-.-.-.--.-.... --.-.--.--(17) 3. 4 Tourism Resources -.-.-.-.-.-.-...-.--. (23) 3. 5 Acoustic Environrrental Status Quo and its Assessment . .....................................(.....................---------. -- (24) 3. 6 Investigation and Assessment of Atmosphenrc Enviromment Status Quo .-...... -.... (29) 3. 7 Pollution Meteorological Conditon along Alignment. ............................................................................ (39) Chapter 4 Forecast of Environment Impact and Mitigation Mea- sures .....................(59).................... 4. 1 Discernment and Screeming of Environmental Factors - ............................................................()................ ,  4.2 Analysis on Eeo-environmet Impact .-.---.-(62) 4. 3 Forecast and Assessment of Acoustic Environment. ............................................................................ 70 4. 4 Forecast and Assessment of Atmospheric Environment Quality. .-.- .- .- . (86) 4. 5 Analysis of Inpact on Landscape Environment . (98) 4. 6 Land Occupation and Resettlement . (99) 4. 7 Impact of this Project on Present Traffic in Construction Phase -.-... . (100) 4. 8 Impact of temporal road . (104) 4. 9 Risk Analysis . (104) Chapter 5 Analysis of Partial Alternatives .-. -.-.-(108) Chapter 6 Environmental Impcat Assessment on Branch Lines .- (113) 6. 1 Brief Discripation of the Feeder highway . (113) 6. 2 Noise impacts forecast and assessment .-.-.---.-(114) 6. 3 Forecast and assessment of atmospheric environmental im- pact --..----.... --..-....-----..................--.-- (117) 6.4 Ecological environmental impact assessment .- (118) Chapter 7 Analvsis of Economic Profit and Loss of Environmental Influence in the Project .--.-.-.-.-(120) Chapter 8 Environmental Monitoring and Controlling Plan ------ .......................... .............. - - - -- - -- -- (122) Chapter 9 Public Involvement of Enviromental Impact Assessment . (125) Chapter 10 Synthetic Conclusion and Proposals Concerning Environmental Protection Measures --.- (1271) 10. 1 Synthetic Conclusion .-.......... (127) 10. 2 Removal or Mitigation Measurements of Ad'verse Impacts . (127) Chapter 11 Figure Index -.------.---- (132)  Chapter 1 Generality 1.1 Orign of Project Urumqi-Kuitun high-grade highway is (U-K highway) a important part of Lianyun- gang-Horkusi highway in National Highway had been constructed before 2000 and 'Euraisa Bridge". The project is located in the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains and the sorthern frige of Junggar Basin. rhe region along the highway bas been known as Gold Corridor whose polities.economy and culture are flourishing.whic is placed on the major economric belt being developed. To strengthen capacity of introducing extreior and contacting with inte- tior. to pronote further economic development of the northern foot af Tianshan Mountains.. to promote the transport capacity of rhe national main highway, the project was agreed by National Planning Commission, and determined as the foreign loan project. In accordance with the stipulations of Management Method of Construction Project Environmental Protec- tion.the Projict Executive Office of Xinjiang High Grade Highway Construction Arthouity entrusted Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science to complete an envionmental irnpact assessment or, the project. Xinjiang Envirormental Monitoring Center and Xinjiang Environmental Technique and Assessment Ce.ater to assist to finish the assessment. 1.2 Purpose of Assessmnt The region along the highway is the heart destrict of Xinjiang economic development with dense population. The project will improve econornic developrent of this region .and re- suIt in sorne problems against surrounding environment. The purpose of this assessment is to investigate environmental background values of air.soil and crops in the evaluation area a- long the highway.to investigate and predict the scope and degree of effect on regional envi- ronrnent during construction.to prove technically feasibility and economically reasonableness of environmental protection measures against the project. to present environmental protection contermeasures to provide scientific basis for the project designing and the administrative policy-making departnent- so as to reduce impacts of the project on surrounding enviror- ment to the allowable extent and to attain the coordinated development of economy and envi- ronmecntal proxection. 1. 3 Basis of Ars'smnet (1) The document of National Planning Commission Ji Jiao Neng Zi No. (1994) 84 The' reply of the proposal concerning the U-K highway projecL . (2) The enurustment letter concerning the environmental impact assessment for U-K highway project by the Project Executive Office of Xinjiang High Grade Highway Construc- tion Arthoritv. (3) Feasible study report on U-K highway projea. (4) The documnent of National Planning Commission and Economic Commission and Envi- _ ~~~- 1-  ronment.l Protection Comnission of the State Councel Guuo Huan Zi No. (1986)003 'Man- agement Method of Enviromnental Protection fob Construction Project and the document of the National Ministry of Comrnurications' No. t1990)17 'Management Method of Environ- mental Protection for Traffic Proiect' (5) The work oudine of the envircn:m-ewta! impact assessment on U-K highway project and the reply letter on examination sugge!t.ons of the work outline cf the ETA on U-K highway project by National El vironmental 'mrection Agency. (6)Environment Protection Law of PRC. (7)Atmospheric Pollution Control Law of PRC (8)Land Maunagement Lavr of PRC (9)Grassland Law of PRC (10)Forest Law of PRC (I )DHighway Management Clauses of PRC (1')The document of National Environmental Protec:ion Agency.National Planning Com- mission.National Financial Ministry and China People Bank Huan Jian No. (1993)324' Cir- cular on Strengthening Management of Environrnental Impact Assessment on Project Loaded by International Financial Organization' 1 4 Areas and Perioa of Assessment 1. 4. 1 Areas of Assessment and Aims of Environmental Project ( I)Ecological Enviro--.ent: Areas :a 2000m wide belt with the centrai line of the highwav as the median . Aims : irriga- tion systemr.surface waters.:rops woodiand and grassland. (2)Noi e Environment: Areas a 00rn wide belt with the centra; line of the highway as the median as general evalua- Eion areas. If noise sensitive sections eX=Z ..i sill be evaluated as focal-point areas ,such as town.village.residential area.schuol hospital anJ sanatoriunL Aims:the residential areas and schools of city.towi. and village. major airm are schools over 200 students residential area over 50 households,hospitals over 20 beds.snatorium and hotels. (3)Atnospheric Environment Areas.:a looom wide belt with the central line of the highway as the median. Aims :poputal- ion residenral and active areas. 1. 4. 2 Period of Assessment EnvironmenLal impacts of the project will be analysed and evaluated in desig- .construction and service phase as project schedule provided in Feasible Studv Report on U-K Highwav Project. The environmental impacts of the project in se-vice !--se will be forecasted quantitativelv and evaluated in 2000.2010 and 2020. -2-  1.S Standard- of Assessment. (Q)Grade I atmospheric standard in Ambient Air Qualitv Standard(Gl3090-S!l (2)Grade I of Emission Standards for Pol;utants from Asphalt L.dustry. (3)Standard of Environmental Noise of Urbtn Districts (GB3096 -93),among it.for the general evaluation area .grade N standard is adoptrd. The najor aiM .such 8S school .hospital and sanatorium,grade I standard if E :opted. (4)Standard of Environmental Noise cf Construction Site (GB1253-90) (5)Allowable Noise Standard of Motor (GB1495-79) (6) Maximum Allowable Concentration of Pollution in Atnosphere for Protection Crops (GB9137-88) (7)For ecological environmental impact assessment.its standards refer to results of the same kind study 1. 6 Main Methods of Assessment The sections and points of monitoring were located (see Fig 2),.on basis of scale of the project and natural environmental characteristics of disticts along the highwray. After thAt factors of environmnental impact were screened by using expert counsel method.impact fac- tors of ecological ,air .noise environment are mainly considered in this assessment. 1.6. 1 Ecological environment The present situation of agricalture and animal husbandry, wildlife and soil es-. ironrnent a- long the highway are analvsed and evaluated,using the investigation rneLhod of traditional bi- ology.geography and social economics. The lead pollution in soil and crop Is evaluated by the index formula below p= Q-B (1-1) P-evaluation indes Ci -monitoring value of lead in soil or crop. B-background value of lead in soil or crop. C,-evaluated sEandard of lead in soil or crop. The individual pollution index calculated by Eormula(l -1 )are classified according to table I -1 below. Tab. I-1 P - ut aLsrsai background ade voam 4sht meium heay ovr CUeg-7 level levd levd ~pollution pollution polluticn poluziar ranges of B B-07 0. 0.7-1.0 Lo-1.5 1.5-2.0 2.0 o-2.s >2.5 levels 1 2 3 4- 5 6 7 -3-  1. 6. 2 Atmospheric Environment It is evaluated by the individua: pollution index method. The formula is as follows. I a& (1-2) Ci -monitoring value of some pollutant Si-stand.rd of atmospheric quality for some pollutant 1. 6. 3 Noise Environrnent It is analysed and evaluated by using Leq (equivalent sound leve)and L9Le."Lgin Ln (sca- tistical sound level). when the vehicle flow is big enough in dav tiume, the niodel for discontinuous linear sound source is used Leqi =L"t-lOIg(v TT+108( r l+AS-13 When the vehicle flow is relativelv small.the mnodel for equal-interval point sound source is used: Leqi=L,+11Og(Ni 1+(15+10a)lg( r