Sudan - The ten year plan of economic and social development 1962-1971 (Vol. 1 of 5) : Main report

FILE COPY AF14 VOL. 1 This report was prepared for use within the Bank and its affiliated organizations. They do not accept responsibility for its accuracy or completeness. The report may not be published nor may it be quoted as representing their views. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION THE TEN YEAR PLAN OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUDAN (1961/62-1970/71) October 30, 1963 Department of Operations Africa  EQUIVALENTS ES. 1.00 = $2.8716 $1.00 = ES. 0345 1 feddan = 1. 038 acres = 4, 200 square metres 1 kantar of seed cotton = 311.85 lbs. = ca. 100 lbs. of lint  THE MISSION This report, appraising the Ten-Year Development Plan of the Sudan, was prepared by a mission to the Sudan, composed of: Andrew M. Kamarck Robert Sadove H. David Davis Risto Harma Frank H. Lamson-Scribner Cyrus B. Samii Jochen K. Schmedtje In several important sectors the mission has profited from special studies. These include the findings of a special Bank/IDA agricultural mission to the Sudan in 1962, composed of Messrs. Thomas Strong and Pierre Courbois; the SOFRERAIL, Paris, report on the Sudan Railways, July 1963, prepared for the Bank; the preliminary findings of the power study being made by Merz and McLellan, London, in association with the International Engineering Company, Inc., San Francisco, financed by the U.N. Special Fund with the IBRD as Executing Agency; and the special UNESCO mission to the Sudan on Educa- tional Investment Programming.  TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. BASIC STATISTICS i. MAIN FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS. . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . 1 External Financial Requirements . .a . . . . . . . . . . . 5 II. GENERAL BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8 A. The Country. . . . . . . . . . a . , . . . . . . . . . 8 B. The People . . . . . . . . . . . . * . 9 C. Government and Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 III. THE BACKGRO= D OF THE PLAN . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 13 A. The Economy . . . . . . . . *. . . . . . . . . . 13 B. Recent Economic Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 C. Public Finance . . . . . . . , . . . , . . . . . . a . 19 D. Money and Credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 E. Balance of Payments and Foreign Exchange Reserves . . . . 28 F. The Organization of Development Planning . . . . . . . . 29 TV. THE FRAIMEJORX OF THE PLAN, 1961/62-1970/71 . . . . . . . . . . 32 A. Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 B. The Overall 1UIodel ................... . 33 C. Investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 D. Financing of Investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 E. Mxanpower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 F. Appraisal of the Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 G. Performance During First TWo Years of the Plan . . . . . 48 V. AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK, FORESTRY AND FISIERIES . . . ... . . 50 A. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 B. Plan Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 C. Investment Program. .... . . . . . ... e . . X 52 D. Irrigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 E. Department of Agriculture Investment Program . . . . 55 ;F. Land Use and Rural Water Development Program . . . . 56 G. Animal Resources and Fisheries Program . . . . . . . . 57 H. Forestry Program . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 57 I. Agricultural Bank ............ . .. 57 J. Overcoming the Shortage of Manpower . . . . . . . . . . 58 K. Extension Service and Research . . . . .. .. .. . . 59 L. Mlarketing . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 M. Evaluation of Plan Progress . . . . .. .. .. .. 60 VI. INDUSTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 A. Background .. . . . . . * . . . . * . . . . a. . . 0. 61 B. Problems in the Industrial and Mining Sectors . . . . . 63 C. Plan Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 65 D. Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0 . . . . .. 67  Table of Contents (Page 2) Page No. VII. TRANSPORT . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 A. Problems and the Plan . ................. 69 B. Sudan Railways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 C. Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 D. River Services . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . * * . * 74 E. Hotel and Catering Services ... .. .. . . ... 75 F. Roads . a . . . . . a . . . .* . v . . . * . . 75 G. Airports and Air Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 VIII. POIWJER, URBAN WJATER, P.T.T. . . . . . .. . . . ... .. .. .. 80 A. Power Background . . . . . . . . . . . 80 B. CEl'IA * . * * * * * * & v * * * * * * 81 C. The Plan in Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 D. Urban 'Thater .*. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 E. Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones . . . . . . . .... . . 83 IX. EDUCATION, HEALTH HOUSING RESETTLMEDIT . . . . . . . . . . 86 A. Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 B. The Plan in Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 C. The University . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 D. IlIealth . . '** vX * ** e 91 E. Housing and R esettlementm ........... 93 * * *F k * *t * *' * * * *F * *F * * * * STATISTICAL APPENDIX .UNNEX A - THE SUDAN GEZIRA SCHEME ANNE. B - AGRICULTURE ANNEX C - INDUSTRY  SUDAN Basic Statistics Area 1 million square miles Of which irrigated, 1/2 of 1% of total area or 3 million acres Population (est. June 30, 1963) 12.6 million Rate of natural increase 2.8% per annum Gross Domestic Product (1962/63) Total