Tunisia - Review of the Sixth Development Plan (1982-86) (Vol. 1 of 2) : Main Report

Report No. 4137-11JN FIL Tunisia Review of the Vith Development Plan (1982-86) (in Two Volumes) Volume 1: The Main Report March 16, 1983 Country Programs, D)epartment 11 Europe, Middle East and North Africa Region FOR OFFICIAIL USE ONLY H Document of the 'World Bank This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization  s ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - - CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS SDR 1.00 = Dinars (TD) .6002 (as of December 1981) Official Exchange Rate: Dinar (TD) Per US Dollar Period End of Period Period Average 1971 0.4807 0.5175 1972 0.4840 0.4772 1973 0.4451 0.4200 1974 0.4065 0.43b5 1975 0.4253 0.4023 1976 0.4309 0.4288 1977 0.4121 0.4290 1978 0.4034 0.4162 1979 0.3959 0.40b5 1980 0.4187 0.4050 1981 0.5157 0.4938 Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics, July 1982 FISCAL YEAR January I to December 31 ABBREVIATIOiiS API Agence de promotion des investissements APIA Agence de promotion des investissements agricoles CEPEX Centre de promotion des exportations CNEA Centre national des etudes agricoles CNEI Centre national des etudes industrielles CNSS Caisse Nationale de becurite Sociale EMI Electrical and mechanical industries FOPRODI Fonds pour la promotion des investissemnents industriels INS Institut national de la statistique OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries SMIG Salaire minimum interprofessionel garanti TD Tunisian Dinar  FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ABSTRACT Tunisia had an impressive economic growth record during the 1970s. Helped by high revenues from petroleum exports and substantial improvements in its terms of trade, the country sustained a massive increase in investments and a simultaneous growth in public and private consumption with little recourse to foreign borrowing. It has, however, not been able to reduce the large structural unemployment and underemployment, fueled by rapid population growth and a general policy bias in favor of capital intensive investments. The economic outlook for the period of the VI Plan (1982-86) and beyond raises several issues. Hydrocarbon exports are expected to decline gradually and the terms of trade are likely to get worse. This raises two main issues for the new Plan: How to adapt the economy to the lower resource availability (domestic and foreign) of the post--hydrocarbon era and how to achieve a maximum of new employment within the :increasing financial and balance-of-payments constraints. In response, t:he Plan proposes to step up directly productive, labor intensive investments (particularly in the private sector) and to finance them through cutting investments in infrastructure and capital intensive industries and through slowing down the growth of private consumption. The necessary cuts in investments can be achieved relatively easily, as most of these are under direct Government control. To slow down the growth-of private consumption and to increase directly productive, labor intensive investments, however, are the two main challenges for the Tunisian policy makers during the 1980s. Income policies are the most important: policy instruments in both respects. They are a key determinant of private consumption; of current budget outlays and public savings; of enterprises' profits and savings; and of the size and composition of private investments. In consequence, both the Plan's savings and investment targets depend vitally on cautious wage and salary policies. They also depend on realistic exchange rate, price, and interest policies. Finally, many sector specific policy changes are important as outlined in the second volume of this report. Within the framework of the macroeconomic projections, the Plan's detailed investment program is generally appropriate. While it would seem to underestimate somewhat the level of spontaneous private investments in housing and hydrocarbon, and to overestimate absorptive capacity in agriculture and tourism, this rieport is in general agreement with the priorities of the program. This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  TUNISIA: REVIEW OF THE VITH DEVELOPMENT PLAN (1982-86) Main Report Table of Contents Page No. FOREWORD COUNTRY DATA SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS i-xii PAST TRENDS AND PRESENT SETTING 1 EMPLOYMENT 5 THE GENERAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF THE VITH DEVELOPMENT PLAN 8 PLAN FINANCING 14 The General Setting 14 Domestic Consumption and Savings 17 Foreign Trade 23 Foreign Risk Capital 26 PLAN INVESTMENTS 28 Investment Priorities 28 The 1Proposed Investment Program 31 Plan Implementation 33 CONCLUSIONS 41 STATISTICAL ANNEX 43 The second volume of this report provides a more detailed analysis of the nine most important economic and social sectors.  FOREWORD This report was prepared by members of an economic mission who visited Tunisia over a period spreading from September to November 1981. This mission was composed of: Heinz Bachmann Chief of Mission Rene Vaurs Deputy Chief, General Economist Rosalinda Dacumos Macro-economic Projections Werner Schelzig Employment Kevin Cleaver Agriculture Ibrahim Elwan Energy Joelle Chassard-Manibog (Consultant) Energy Johan Van Beuzekom Water Anthony Edwards (Consultant) Manufacturing Inc.ustries William Sheldrick Phosphate and Derivates Christian Duvigneau Construction Materials George Guda (Consultant) Cement Industries Roy Knighton Transportation Ian Christie Urban Development Louis Vassiliou Health Ann McNamara Education Norman McEvers (Consultant) Education Gerard Tenaille Sewerage CelinE! Ng Secretary A first draft was discussed in March 1.982 with the Department of Planning in the Ministry of Planning and Finance. The final Plan figures and objectives as approved by Parliament in mid-1982 were incorporated in the text after discussions of the final draft in January 1983.  Page 1 of 6 TUNISIA - SOCIAL INDICATORS DATA SiEET TUNISIA tEFERENCE GROUPS (WEIGHTED AVERAGES AREA (THOUSAND SO. KM.) M- OST RECENT ESTIMATE)'8 TOTAL 16 .6 MI)DLE INCOME AGRICULTURAL 75.2 MOST RECENT NOITH AFRICA & MIDDLE INCOME 1960 /b 1970 /b ESTIMATE /b MIDDLE EAST LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN GNP PER CAPITA (US$) 230.0 380.0 1310.0 1253.6 1902.0 ENERGY CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA (KILOGRAMS OF COAL EQUIVALENT) 165.2 289.7 589.9 713.5 1259.9 POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS POPULATION, MID-YEAR (THOUSANDS) 4221.0 5127.0 6354.0 URBAN POPULATION (PERCENT OF TOTAL) 36.0 43.5 51.7 47.3 65.7 POPULATION PROJECTIO.S POPULATION IN YEAR 2000 (MILLIONS) 10.1 STATIONARY POPULATION (MILLIONS) 17.8 YEAR STATIONARY POPULATION IS REACHED 2080 POPULATION DENSITY PER SQ. KM. 25.8 31.3 37.9 35.8 35.2 PER SQ. KM. AGRICU.TURAL LAND 60.7 72.9 82.4 420.9 92.5 POPULATION AGE STRUCTURE (PERCENT) 0-14 YRS. 43.4 46.2 41.4 44.3 39.7 15-64 YRS. 52.5 50.0 54.9 52.4 56.1 65 YRS. AND ABOVE 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.3 4.2 POPULATION GROWTH RATrE (PERCENT) TOTAL 1.8 /c 1.9/c 2.1 2.8 2.4 URBAN 3.2 3.8 3.9 4.6 3.8 CRUDE BIRTH RATE (PER THOUSAND) 48.9 41.8 34.9 41.2 31.4 CRUDE DEATH RATE (PER THOUSAND) 21.0 14.6 9.2 12.2 8.4 GROSS REPRODUCTION RATE 3.4 3.2 2.6 2.9 2.1 FAMILY PLANNlG ACCEPTORS, ANNUAL (THOUSANDS) .. 29.2 180.9 USERS (PERCENT OF H4ARRIED WOMEN) .. 10.0 21.3 FOOD AND NUTRITION INDEX OF FOOD PRODUCTION PER CAPITA (1969-7]-100) 97.0 96.0 132.0 100.4 110.0 PER CAPITA SUPPLY OF CALORIES (PERCENT OF REQUIREMENTS) 83.2 88.2 115.1/d 108.5 108.4 PROTEINS (GRAMS PER DAY) 51.8 56.6 75.171 71.9 66.0 OF WHICH ANIMAL AND PULSE 12.9 13.5 22.771 18.0 34.0 CHILD (AGES 1-4) MORTALITY RATE 36.1 24.5 9.8 15.1 5.6 HEALTH LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH (YEARS) 48.1 54.2 60.2 56.9 64.2 INFANT MORTALITY RATE (PER THOUSAND) 158.9 131.3 90.0 104.3 64.2 ACCESS TO SAFE WATER (PERCENT OF POPULATION) TOTAL .. 49.0 70.0/e 59.1 65.6 URBAN .. .. 63.07;i 83.1 78.9 RURAL .. .. 77.07 39.8 43.9 ACCESS TO EXCRETA DISPOSAL (PERCENT OF POPULATION) TOTAL .. 62.0 .. .. 59.3 URBAN .. 100.0 .. .. 75.3 RURAL .. 34.0 60.O/e .. 30.0 POPULATION PER PHYSICIAN 10026.1 5934.0 3576.2 4015.5 1617.3 POPULATION PER NURSING PERSON .. 727.5 1167.8 1802.2 1063.5 POPULATION PER HOSPIT'AL BED TOTAL 405.2 409.1 463.7 641.7 477.4 URBAN 277.3/f 302.8 340.7/e 538.3 679.8 RURAL 1040.97? 1269.3 1275.871: 2403.3 1903.4 ADMISSIONS PER HOSPITAL BED .. 24.1 25.0/e 25.5 27.3 HOUSING AVERAGE SIZE OF HOUSE:HOLD TOTAL .. 5.1/. URBAN .. g RURAL .. 5.1 Li AVERAGE NUMBER OF PERSONS PER ROOMt TOTAL .. 3.2 . URBAN *- 2.7/ RURAL .. 3.6 . ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY (PERCENT OF DWELLINGS) TOTAL .. 24.0 Li URBAN .. .. RURAL .. ..  Page 2 of 6 TUNISIA - SOCIAL INDICATORS DATA SHEET TUNISIA REFERENCE GROUPS (WEIGHTED AVE GES - MOST RECENT ESTIMATE) MIDDLE INCOME! MOST RECENT NORTH AFRICA & MIDDLE INCOME 1960 /b 1970 /b ESTIMATE /b MIDDLE EAST LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN EDUCATION ADJUSTED ENROLLMENT RATIOS PRIMARY: TOTAL 66.0 100.0 102.0 88.7 104.3 MALE 88.0 121.0 119.0 104.5 106.4 FEMALE 43.0 80.0 85.0 72.5 103.3 SECONDARY: TOTAL 12.0 23.0 25.0 39.7 41.3 MALE 19.0 33.0 31.0 49.3 40.4 FEMALE 5.0 13.0 19.0 29.0 41.8 VOCATIONAL ENROL. (X OF SECONDARY) 23.5 11.1 35.0 10.1 33.7 PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO PRIMARY 61.1 47.5 39.2 34.1 29.9 SECONDARY 15.8 27.8 20.4 23.7 16.7 ADULT LITERACY RATE (PERCENT) 15.5 24.0/S 62.0 43.3 79.1 CONSUMPTION PASSENGER CARS PER THOUSAND POPULATION 10.5 13.0 18.3/S 17.8 42.8 RADIO RECEIVERS PER THOUSAND POPULATION 40.3 75.7 94.8 131.3 270.5 TV RECEIVERS PER THOUSAND POPULATION 0.1 14.0 48.4 44.1 107.7 NEWSPAPER ("DAILY GENERAL INTEREST") CIRCULATION PER THOUSAND POPULATION 19.0 16.0 43.8 31.5 63.7 CINEMA ANNUAL ATTENDANCE PER CAPITA 2.0 .. 1.5/d 1.7 2.7 LABOR FORCE TOTAL LABOR FORCE (THOUSANDS) 1137.9 1214.8 1631.1 FEMALE (PERCENT) 6.0 7.7 8.3 10.6 24.4 AGRICULTURE (PERCENT) 56.0 50.0 34.0 42.4 31.3 INDUSTRY (PERCENT) 18.0 21.0 33.0 27.8 23.9 PARTICIPATION RATE (PERCENT) TOTAL 27.0 23.7 25.7 26.0 33.6 MALE 50.2 44.2 46.5 46.2 50.4 FEMALE 3.3 3.6 4.3 5.6 16.8 ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY RATIO 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.3 INCOME DISTRIBUTION PERCENT OF PRIVATE INCOME RECEIVED BY HIGHEST 5 PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDS .. .. 17.0/h HIGHEST 20 PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDS .. .. 42.07W. LOWEST 20 PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDS .. .. 6. 0/6h LOWEST 40 PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDS .. .. 15.07.. POVERTY TARGET GROUPS ESTIMATED ABSOLUTE POVERTY INCOME LEVEL (US$ PER CAPITA) URBAN .. .. 204.0/d 279.2 RURAL .. .. 97.d7;i 178.6 184.1 ESTLMATED RELATIVE POVERTY INCOME LEVEL (US$ PER CAPITA) URBAN .. .. 193.0/d 403.6 518.0 RURAL .. .. 193.07T 285.6 371.1 ESTIMATED POPULATION BELOW ABSOLUTE POVERTY INCOME LEVEL (PERCENT) URBAN .. .. 20.0/d 22.1 RURAL .. .. 15.07d 30.9 Not available Hot applicable. NOTES /a The group averages for each indicator are population-weighted arithmetic means. Coverage of countries among the indicators depends on availability of data and is not uniform. /b Unless otherwise noted, data for 1960 refer to any year between 1959 and 1961; for 1970, between 1969 and 1971; and for Most Recent Estimate, between 1978 and 1980. /c Due to emigration population growth rate is lower than rate of natural increase; /d 1977; /e 1976; /f 1962; /j 1966; /h 1975. May, 1982  Page 3 of 6 DEPITlIfOsS OP SOCIAL INDRICATOgS Metes: Alth.ogh the dta art dru- fo sources...generallyjuged the matatoioreadrlal,i should also be toted tht theymp ntho joist eattomcllyco-ap-rble because of the lt of iodardtaed deflininoen cd tocepto acd by diffe.rent _tot te incoltie the dare. Theot are,sae ebel.I.ue, omfol to descr.ibe orders of igttd.idicate treds, and c--totcceti nj- difta--.e bet-encsiis The reference. groups ar (1) tbo came coun try grop of the shj act country aid (2) a country group etch -omhbt higher -reoge incie ba the nunnerIty group of the subjec country (ence.yI gor "High incom cil Oportern" gronpelce- "Middle Itccea North Africa and Middle fact' In chosen becacce. .f strnger etilninltnul sihnitis). I the refernc g-cp dat thescrie rep uico weighted _ribth_i eases lot each indIcator and show only ch.n ajurity of tht. oocires I In s aton p dot III that indcaor Si.n 1c th coerge of cooo_iee -nn the lodi-atrsr d.eptde n the anuil luy of dos and is cot -nifIrn, o_ucoc ston be . enrciced in relating -ergec of ore indicator to another The. sete-ges ar only use ful looparle.g the value of ce indic-tot it a time -so; the canetry and rfrneg-nps. ARfIA (ehb.nsa.d nqk.b.f oasto e ffcoiel had - total, urban, and er]-Popahatlan (total. fo.al,-Tftal surface sees _Ptsing hand meea and inland waters; i9f9 data. nban, one euro) dinided by their respeneti-neecb-eIf hospital beds daicerl- Eatilasfe . i- ag tculoel Ieea used temporarily or porsnetip -vihable is public ad princte gentee anhpcalie ompiral end en- fcr crops. pa-ern, muefet and kicohen garden or tc lie fullan; 1979 data. habilittattet crs---..Opitals are eeblitbeets pereancti stoffed byu em n hysican itblhiseotn pe-idieg prleoplplhy caste- ogp pig CAPTA (01$) - op etc topia euticas t a ..ceret marin prices ca. dial care ar net Inndd .u.I haspitale, howve, i-Ilde health oited by caecneiu eto cardSn Alc(loS acs;06.admd Io ootree sot pe-_enl u-ffediby afphysirin (hot bya LOPS, and 1980 data, me ica s Latat.I norsomdi,et. wih o ffrn-patienetenI te dation ad 'co-ide A Ialted togs of edital faute. Parstic 0001Y CONSUMPTION PER CfSlfg - hAnnh -n-raptihi of oc-tetisi osogy b-sh toot p-tyn-e -ebo bonpitmin sinlde WHOs prinIips1fjeneenI hsns and lIgni te. petralem.cera gnadhydro-. . nuleac end &-teeo 1sa elec- and rura hsspitals, loca or eeaI h-npitain sod eadica1 and maternity etitity) to tilogesm cf cash eqta_o Per ca.Pita; 1910. 1970, aed 1979 cetrs." ieojhted haspitcla are ioinded only coder tent.l data. AZninci0o On, Hnspita1 Sad - Total inter of adnisnen to or docoharges feac hoapitrils divided by the ncshe of beds. POPLAThItN ASS VITAL. SfuTISTICS fatal Potniutio.. Kid-Yere fith-nadsl - d. of July 1;190, 40 970,P..ed 19800 HOUSING data. Average Si..e at usehold(eso e houotid) rbotl .ce., and me-1 Urhan tplutho (perene fj total -Rtio of urban to nuta1 popelation; A hon..ehaldcoit fagepof idividul sh har living quarters differntdef~iotion of rbao areas nay effect -oparahihty of dtra uod their solo arnI A. boarder or ledger nap or asp sot he intloded in sang eutrn;1960, 1911,_ad 1980 date, the honce.hald for Itatuta upss PPeoulston Pr2jecehe- Avre oe fproper ertes.ttl,n.s, Infrural - aeaace Population cc your 1000 - Curret papulatiuc peujeecicee are based on 1900 her of Petnone Per room in all urban, and rural -t-cpidoaee..tIeI- tonal pepsiacioc. by ago and .en d choir sor-iy sod fortitiy rats.dwllings. respectively. Dwlinnoisdevcpesoottutuecd Pr.e)etiat pseasosers for mnaiy esee-epri o hthene - leel .....- lnped pctm. ing lif.e.rpec_any at birth increuiogoith --ty 'n Pore -pita incom Aeou t ie,tric tip P.er.e. of denILisLa -toal neha, sod rural - level, and fosl -life1 nepen--ny ooblig It 77.5 yearn. The Pars- Cnce..nioncl de .liog ttb leniity in living qturtern asp...tg mtrs forfetilIty er lsI aothree levels a-noing da-li- in ef coral Orio, and true1 de11ing respectively. ferfility accoding tc i-om leve end pas family pl-iau g perf_r_no Eath ic_isy in then ustigend on of these nine tcnlui-,nc of _etlhity EiOCT lOt end feeiil itp tred for. P-oj-tien purposes. Adute crimnt Ruon Otatin..p y P-P4It Ie - I' a sta iac-cy pupolatian there is no g-coh sine Primary school - tntel, male and fesle - ir.su total, male end femal the birth roe iu equa - e th e deo1h cue,ad ace rh, age atnet.. en- "nIllIsot of all ages at thepimary leve an pesetogas of rnpe tt- ma .toe . entuc.This isahievdnIpatrfrnltlfy eae eliec rImary s_uou-age p.p...eu.u; _omaly inciodenchtdre gdii the replacement leve f uni .tcn reproduction rate, whet .a.h geceestien yearn hut nd)utnd f or differ-ce leegtho ofP pel_oyp du-arien.;'farI of eame repices itself ecatly. The tutio..ury pepoi1in stt.un ustrins ith uniner... Idanation e-rol1ent sy ecocad 100 perusert ostimetad un the basin cf the rjce caatretnof the poPu,lc ic aepopiln are be1w or shov she official school age. inhle yea 20100 sod the este of decline of fertility rate to replace- Secondary n o - neto1, male and female - C.ap.ted m above; secon dary te evel dlu-tion requires at leas t four years of opproved primayL isl teiun; 'fear sct.ti ... populative in reached - The pear he- et.ti-ary popalatior prvdee gnera, ecetio...l, ceteacher training insteetoti for pupii site will be roarhed. usually of 12 to 17 years of age; -urrepend.done ve e arege_taly 1.2ul atiec fenp4ty ecoaded. Per sq. be..- Mid-year popultion per s.q-ae kil-metr (100 bhctaree ofVP.oatios_l erlmet(rcn of unon.daryf- Voeatica ..Ins.titutisom total se;1960, 1970 and 1979dat. .Inclde itohita, iedntrti,orther eegme ehiob cyarote indepond- Poer sq km..aresiea -ad -Copotd as above foruriner al.lad enty or os ipa-metet of soc..ndurt intitP n onl..y; 1960. 197O and i9l9 data. ~l-eth rtio ,-,primary, end sec..odeey- Tftish ntudentneooiedin Poueiofptenetre (Peree) - Cbildien (i-lb pears), corning-ago 'l- primeey ond seooar ilves divfd by -n etee If tootheri the 64 yparn) . ad rt-ired (67 years and ovr) as p--tnegeu uf eld-yer popt- -t...up-dios; levels latrine; 1960. 1971. end 1930 BetsI. Adult literacy rote peron- - itearoeadh (ble to read sod voile) Poehti ecth R Ste prec)- 1tta - dua-1 growth --ue c ntatl odd- a n tenigo of tenci edae population ge 15yesaadovr yea paulalonfur1950-6f, 196i-70,..ad 197i-80. Pesltir ro~hSae ee,ee ra - du-ol greeh citt of erbun Ppop- CONSUMPTION lanioco f or i950-Al. 1960-PH, and I970-fl. Pnsngr an leer: thuss...d pu-haten) -Pauge tscmrise meter Indogrth Sate (po ~tbn-ned) - hAcou liv blhspeth huoP ed f sid-pen cter neting ten tha ight pe-nuon; rinuin nbu- tce, enisu and pepuhatint; i960. 191D, and 1980 date. eulit...y reden.. Ceude leach Sae (Per tho....ed) - Ao-ol d-athe per ihonuad of mid-yoce Radio Recivers leer ibteand pylt )-All types .rf recevr- o oi pcpelatio; 19061970P, sot 1980 dat.- broado...ts is geerlpolc e i hesadofpultn;ehdeo- ir.ss SRpred-aethie Rato- Av-rag -uber c d-ughtoruaaIm- ciil bear in I hocused reosine in unuese and in pears whenrtisone f radio her -ona reprodn-ni_ period if ube...orlonca present age-opecifit fe Ir tosu to is fence; dote fur ....ti yeses may tot be -umpruble sIIne i,tyie rates;. ...aipfive-Y- ya a-ragen ending ie 1960, 19 70 ,_ad 190.- mont oooris eiuhod licenutu. Pemily Pla...iug,,- Atcptors, SAno... (Ihousande) - dnA1..I . nber of accePtors T ~ Raci-ern o theo... d popolution) - TV re-ei-re Ioe broudnumt to o.f 'birnb-haetrol devicen nder: auspicesf eaticcl foully plan-ieg progrum. I ecoealt puhs_ pI theunmu..d pophtion; ...clndes ue:cnd ..rnete PmlPluIn Iles(I _ _n f aried ene)-Pratg f -oiod cneieIad' in peer when registration of TIseswoi effec.. smnochild-bearing age (15-44 yearn) nbc one birch-cotrnl devices en SeuapeCio tien (per thousan d papnlsthev) - Oboe, the averag Ir- all married e-w in nam ago grouP. oslcio of'dily genea interest news..pape", defitadas p-ridio puht1aiuni devoted primatp orcod genea te.l in consi'dered PORD ADaf NVTRtITWN n e"cly ii apers atlas or cla I ert Redee of PenS PrdnunerIpt f1697.. di nen of pee rupieaIa....lI i-ne .. Ioa -otedaco PerIptits Pe ~fear- Bsad c- the unshr of pdoto ofalfeed --nadities. Pr-da-uin ecloden need and fend and tickets told during the year, including admissions ts- drie-in cinama instead of s-g-) elhie err dihl so d contin _tri..tm log nffe and tea ar -ulndod). Aggregate productio of each contry in base.d onABOR PIRCE natona snnui podecn Ica eigte;196-hI 19H, od 940dat, ftch Labor Pore (thonsundi) - Ert-nuic-il -ti-2e pent-o, isolodin Peaiscry of caloies (rer--n ccrequireco-ee - Conotedfo re ocsaduepod bof oladtnghusetintdes etc... -Sry eqstalect of ne food -oppliesavI bluhe in ontypr c_pire reioppotnof allIges. Drfiniti... in voes..eun tenticsse pee day. a-ilable supplies -cprine domet ic dceo,inpoets ea I...cosarablr-;)1960, 1970 and 1980 data. eupurts od ohango in stck. Set sphcecueaia foed, seeds, Female (prcent) -rmIn labor force a preegof tatc1 lebr fore.. qseiio used in food pce e..ad Iosoe In diutrihut-o. Heqort- Aretue(ecet)-Labor for In femhg,frenty, huntIng ai ects eeesiae byrFPifhsdo phso iclneefee normal acti- fishi.g am pero...tngo uf ennu labor force;, 191,.lIPH end .1960 dcII. Itp sod health coideringenrnect temporite,bdy -oight, ag Indostry (percet Labme force io misin, eanntenetido, Imasftting end see distibotion of pyiained ailaniog 17 perne.r for waste at and electricifty, eate andgse per-ntuga of tut.l lehr forue; house hold leve; 1961-6i,1970 and 1977 dat. 1960, 1970 sod 1980 data. Peeruiaoero eti (gstma per dad - Prote:in -n-_t of -r c pica rurtiiineCav(P-e t) - -totm, sole. en nm Putinipotin ne ne~trsuppl1of fod Per day. Nee mopply of fucd is defined es uhi.- On- actsity -at-s re compoted an tet1, sole, and fenal., lohur fonee us qoiresents for.1 all .outnia -eteblinhd by USDA pruride fur slisoa par-n-gne &I ad,mlecd fIdae ppltion uf all cgestpstively; Ill--wn,e If 60 grsof eaprfin per day and Ti goma of suinl sod 1960. 1970, -ad 1901 dan. These -r based ec ILO's participation eaten P.s pro_tein, of ehich 1 gras choa1d he animal protein. Three -tod- reli geg-me scnturte of the population, and lsg time teed. A ards arc le-e thou those of T5 grtma of total protein and 23 grtma of fo- eeimaten are fr- naional -nure.. simal protin as an avesg toef the-ord, proposed by PAO in the fhird Rautric Depeods,uey Ratio - Satin of population nader 11 and 65 and ee World Iod urey; 1961-65, 9P end I 9Pdais to the tonal shoe. forc.. Pee ..eft. protein supply from animal and pulee - P-ette iec-ply of food de- r;ived 0rm-aimals aid pulses in grams Per day; 196'-6, if7O and 1977 dctu. RINOPIE itISTRIBUTI55N Chl Iae 1-47 Ra-h Sate ler hbounud) - een deaths Per thousad in Percergeo riae eee (both in cas Id bind) - tc-ived by richest age grasp 1_4poes sohildren in this ago grop; for mast develop ingo - 5 preut, eEh1est 20' pecn,pe t 20 peeet,u- p_os Opeon fries data derived free life tobles; 1906, 1970 ced 1900 data, 0f ha...eholds HEALTH POVERTY TARLITi HitOUPS tile cuEteeney at sloth frost) - Average nueber c years ft life remaining Ihefollowing ettietos aro very ppreninats srsu poverty .levl., mthrb 1960, 19T and '1990 d-t. ed sheald be intepreted 98th oci.ider-hle noutien. Refast Mceroitr Rato0(pe ttnsnad) - an-l deaths of infants under one pear mEctimeted Abso1atn PEv-Y luea- el, 1(usotcpia - rhntedI rnrcl1 of age Pee then....d lin bisths; 1960. 1970 sod 1900 days. Ahochete p-vety incom hovel is that oose hove be:ow ehieh a miima Anoin ts In Rai WaterIeco f oo i tota, uban, and rsa-e - gu- nauritiusoly sdeqnace diet plIne essential na-fund -rquieeats IA nut bee ef PePh' (easel, srbs., ad -ceal ein teamonable mc.ems tn safe aff.td.blc. emtsrsspp,ly rinehsdes teeoed sufan weer or antreated hue .....ntaninted tetimated Saistive Pevero Incoe av U 10 re eaeits - oehessdea.ral1 taer .sob as thee fro prec--td ho hs priegp, sod mmeitaeyeells) em mRalrlaie,oeryincome lvlinate-third ef a'vecg pee capita peensetsge of their respeocime popolaniess. In me ebn areasI publie .n -Ima iocee cf the teustey. lehun level is dei-sd from she rura f..stin or standpoint Ibeaned! ece mer ebse 210 meters fro a hase may he eve eRtI djamst_ foe hi'she test sf llivig in -e1s- res .e.:ide...d mm being enthin r-aeol enno hehee Irelre.. Satiated Ppra1tion Onion Absolute P-vety I..e-ss - R.teip0gf1e$jt,,j9rhb rsacmale soeeasosId imply that 1the hamoelf or mmnr of th ho...ehald and r-a - Poee.t of popslstino (ehac ssd reraif eta set.alr dn mar her te epsmd a dtmpreportiensta partof the day in ftenhing the -, faIly aatr seeds. Aitmst- Rar. s . t- imne--I (psrtr- cIfo aio) Itmi, sbse, and e-ta - tease ef people t total, uianM sd ruesu aerved by ...ecesa disposal.an pe-mtsges sf theire e-petiv- populations. RaEelt disposal ma-y JInulde she ealafe a disPoa."" mith or mithvt trmamat. of tasoa meertm and seate-mtee by estee-ha see spat e she sine of pit privies and oij- Peeslar- tePhWIsa-Pgasi divided by cuter If pr-rIsig physt- RmEd. sad OSetL1 On- vltIsisi nim qeifiRod Pm eia moo t meI-erity I.-Il Rameie Analysis sad PrT.nemtoss Osp-tm.t Pemare ntImse Persa - PoosIstI.. dicided by ssmhr af peotisgeg May 1982 Mtl mm fs.sls gred-at ta-ss assistat -weas pesr-nl s-ma and  Page 4 of 6 TUNISIA - ECONOMIC INDICATORS Population: 6.5 million (mid-1981) GNP per Capita: $1,420 (1981) Amount Annual Growth Rates (million US$ (at 1980 prices) Indicator at current prices) 1981 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 NATIONAL ACCOUNTS Gross domestic product /1 8,224.0 5.3 7.1 7.1 6.0 5.0 Agriculture 1,111.2 -10.2 4.5 -4.8 6.1 9.( Industry 2,663.6 9.8 9.0 11.9 9.9 2.1 Services 3,329.3 5.6 7.4 8.7 3.9 6.4 Consumption 6,350.7 10.4 5.8 4.6 9.9 7.0 Gross investment 2,539.5 6.9 12.9 3.9 5.8 9.2 Exports of goods and NFS 3,475.1 5.5 8.2 23.3 0.7 2.0 Imports of goods and NFS 4,141.4 16.7 9.6 14.3 7.2 8.4 Gross national product 8,292.8 5.8 7.9 7.5 6.5 5.2 Gross national savings 1,942.1 -7.2 14.8 21.8 -7.2 -0.8 PRICES GDP deflator 76.0 80.1 88.3 100.0 109.7 Exchange rate 2.33 2.40 2.46 2.47 2.02 Share of GDP at market prices (%) Average Annual Increase (x) (at current prices) (at constant prices) 1971 1976 1981 1971-76 1976-81 Gross domestic product /1 100.0 100.0 100.0 8.8 6.1 Agriculture 18.8 18.1 13.5 8.2 0.7 Industry 20.6 25.9 32.4 10.2 8.5 Services 47.7 42.9 40.5 8.3 6.4 Consumption 82.0 77.5 77.2 9.6 7.5 Gross investment 20.0 30.4 30.9 14.1 7.7 Exports of goods and NFS 23.8 29.1 42.3 5.6 7.6 Imports of goods and NFS 25.8 37.1 50.4 13.1 11.2 Gross national product 99.6 98.7 100.8 8.5 6.6 Net factor income -0.4 -1.3 0.8 - - Gross national savings 17.6 21.1 23.6 2.9 3.6 As % of GDP (at current prices) 1971 1976 1981 PUBLIC FINANCE Current revenue 21.4 24.2 30.0 Current expenditure 18.9 18.5 22.3 Surplus (+) or deficit (-) 2.5 5.7 7.8 Capital expenditure 6.9 11.4 10.6 Foreign financing 3.2 1.7 1.4 1971-76 1976-81 OTHER INDICATORS GNP growth rate (7) 8.4 6.6 GNP per capita growth rate (%) 5.4 4.0 ICOR 2.7 5.5 Marginal savings rate 24.0 25.2 Import elasticity 1.51 1.84 /1 GDP at market prices and components at factor cost. EMENA CP Il-C July 1982  Page 5 of 6 TUNISIA - EXTERNAL TRADE Population: 6.5 million (mid-1981) GN]' per Capita: $1,420 (1981) Amount Annual Growth Rtates (million US$ (at 1980 prices) 1/ Indicator at current prices) 1981 L977 1978 1979 1980 1981 EXTERNAL TRADE Merchandise exports 2,434.2 9.7 9.6 20.7 0.8 3.7 Crude oil 1,249.7 .2.4 12.8 12.4 0.2 -5.0 Other primary 125.8 4.9 -15.7 25.1 -11.9 -3.3 Manufactures 1,058.7 6.8 10.4 33.2 3.6 16.3 Merchandise imports 3,801.5 .4.1 10.7 15.2 7.7 9.5 Food 421.4 9.6 7.7 39.6 -6.8 9.4 Petroleum 756.6 :.3.8 15.1 9.M 13.5 13.9 Machinery and equipment 979.5 5.5 15.4 -2.6 -4.4 32.9 Others 1,644.0 21.6 6.5 24.9 15.3 -2.3 Price Index PRICE S Export price index 54.8 58.7 75.5 100.0 118.6 Import price index 72.6 76.6 85.3 100.0 116.8 Terms of trade index 75.5 76.6 88.5 100.0 101.5 Composition of Merchandise Trade (%) Average Annual Increase (%) (at current prices) (at constant prices) 1971 1976 1981 1971-76 1976-81 Exports 100.0 100.0 100.0 4.1 8.7 Crude oil 24.5 40.9 53.7 4.6 6.3 Other primary 19.2 13.4 5.2 -5.4 -1.2 Manufactures 56.3 45.7 41.1 6.4 13.6 Imports 100.0 100.0 100.0 13.1 11.5 Food 21.2 12.3 11.1 0.6 10.9 Petroleum 3.9 11.1 19.9 29.2 13.2 Machinery and equipment 30.1 31.9 25.8 13.5 10.5 Others 44.8 44.7 43.2 10.6 12.9 Share of Trade with Share of Trade with Share of Trade with Industrial Countries (X) Developing Countries (%) Capital Sarplus Oil Exporters (a) 1970 1975 1980 1970 1975 1980 197D 1975 1980 DIRE1CTION OF TRADE Exports 62.6 48.6 n.a. 23.4 41.4 n.a. 14.0 10.0 n.a. Imports 62.9 67.1 n.a. 33.7 25.7 n.a. 3.4 7.2 n.a. /1 Constant price data at 1980 prices. EMENA CP 2C July 1982  Page 6 of 6 BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, EXTERNAL CAPITAL AND DEBT (million US$ at current prices) Population: 6.5 million (mid-1981) GNP per Capita: $1,420 (1981) Indicator 1971 1976 1979 1980 1981 _ BALANCE OF PAYMENTS Net exports of goods & services -57.4 -417.0 -356.0 -472.6 -607.5 Exports of goods & services 469.4 1,479.5 3,137.5 3,912.3 3,902.4 Imports of goods & services 526.8 1,896.5 3,493.5 4,384.9 4,509.9 Net transfers /2 52.0 52.7 61.0 100.0 36.4 Current account balance -5.4 -364.3 -295.0 -372.6 -571.L Direct private investment 27.6 102.6 50.9 236.0 354.6 MLT loans (net) 55.3 167.9 494.2 323.9 188.0 Official 59.2 130.4 198.5 270.9 262.2 Private -3.9 37.5 295.7 53.0 -74.2 Other capital 13.7 55.1 -126.2 -122.4 134.9 Change in reserves -91.2 38.7 -123.9 -64.9 -105.7 International reserves 114.8 304.5 415.5 455.7 568.6 Reserves as months of imports 2.6 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.i 1971 1976 1979 1980 1981 GROSS DISBURSEMENTS Official grants 35.5 50.2 50.7 41.5 26.3 Gross disbursements of MLT loans 105.2 -229.5 643.8 535.1 514.9 Concessional 61.0 104.0 154.5 217.5 284.1 Bilateral 52.8 95.1 153.7 197.3 277.6 IDA 4.8 8.9 0.2 1.0 0.6 Other multilateral 3.4 0.0 0.6 19.2 5.9 Non-concessional 44.2 125.5 489.3 317.6 230.8 Private 28.8 60.1 377.6 191.4 117.3 Official export credits 3.2 9.9 42.6 52.5 36.3 IBRD 12.2 25.3 55.4 51.1 53.5 Other multilateral - 30.2 13.7 22.6 23.7 EXTERNAL DEBT Debt Outstanding and Disbursed 619.5 1,166.2 2,996.4 3,188.8 3,370.7 Official 440.0 971.6 1,830.7 2,024.0 2,280.3 IBRD 39.3 127.9 232.0 269.0 303.8 IDA 21.1 64.1 67.3 67.9 67.9 Other 379.6 779.6 1,531.4 1,687.1 1,908.6 Private 179.5 194.6 1,165.7 1,164.8 1,090.4 Undisbursed debt 352.5 1,109.5 1,694.6 1,685.5 1,170.6 DEBT SERVICE Total debt service