Philippines - Urban transport sector review (Vol. 1 of 2) : Main report

Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY FILE C?YO Report No. 4134-PH PHILIPPINES URBAN TRANSPORT SECTOR REVIEW Volume I: Main Report October 11, 1983 FILE COPY Urban and Water Supply Division Projects Department East Asia and Pacific Regional Office This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  PHILIPPINES: URBAN TRANSPORT SECTOR REVIEW CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit = Peso (P) US$1 = P 11.0 Pesos 1 = USSO.0909 MEASURES 1 meter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft) 1 kilometer = 0.62 mile (mi) ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS BLT - Bureau of Land Transportation BOT - Board of Transportation CHlEG - Constabulary Highway Patrol Group CVUP - Central Visayas Urban Project LRT - Light Rail Transit (System) LRTA - Light Rail Transit Authority MCLU-1-' - Metro Cebu Land Use and Transportation Study MLG - MIinistry of Local Government >1MC - Metro Manila Commission MMTC - Metro Manila Transit Corporation MMUTIP - Metro Manila Urban Transportation Improvement Project MMUTkI'AP - Metro Manila Urban Transportation Strategy Planning Project MOTC - Ministry of Transportation and Communications MPWI-i - Ministry of Public Works and Highways NEDA - National Economic and Development Authority iTP _ - National Transportation Planning Board PC/-' - Philippine Constabulary/Integrated National Police RCDP - Regional Cities Development Project PNR - Philippine National Railways TEA'M1 - Traffic Engineering and Management Unit (Manila)  FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY PHILIPPINES URBAN TRANSPORT SEC1OR REVIEW ANNEX VOLUM Table of Contents Page No. ANNEXES A - Income Impact on Urban Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I B - Characteristics of Urban Travel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 C - Impact of Transport Plans on Urban Tranisport Investments . . . . . . . .. . . . 0 ........ . . 19 D - Note on Existing Public Transport Systems in Metro Manila and Metro Cebu. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 22 E - Land Use Relationship to Urban Transport . . . . . . . . . . . 32 F - Supplemental Notes on Agencies in Urban Transport. . . . . . . 34 G - Potential Bank Assistance in Urban TranLsport Sector. . . . . . 37 H - Recent Trends in Urban Transport Investments and Financing . . 39 I - Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 TABLES 1.1 Philippines Urban Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 1.2 Population Trends in Seven Largest Cities . . . . . . . . . . 45 1.3 Total Population by City, Intercensal Growth Rates: 1975 and 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 1.4 Comparative Vehicle Ownership Rates in South East Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 1.5 Trends in National Vehicle Registration by Vehicle Type, 1965-1980 . . . . . .................... 48 1.6 Vehicle Registration by Region, 1980 .. . . .. . .49 1.7 Vehicle Ownership Per Capita By Region and Selected Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 50 2.1 Summary of Urban Roads and National Road Network . . . . . . 51 2.2 Paved Road Kilometerage by Jurisdiction for Six Principal Cities . . . . . . . . .. . . 52 2.3 Traffic Accident Rates in Selected Nations . . . . . . . . . 53 2.4 Persons Killed Per 10,000 Vehicles Registered (1978) . . . . 54 2.5 Traffic Accidents in Metro Manila, 1981. . . . . . . . . . . 55 2.6 Sidewalk Conditions Along Major Arteries in Metro Manila . . 56 2.7 Pavement Conditions Along Major Arteries in Metro Manila . . 57 2.8 Road Infrastructure in Selected Major Urban Areas 58 2.9 Traffic Signals in Selected Cities . . . . . . . . . . .. 59 2.10 Apportionmtent of MPWH Funds for Road Maintenance . . . . . . 60 This docunment has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclcstd without World Bank authorization.  Page 1No. 2.11 Financing of Local Road Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 2.12 Investment in Metro Manila Transport Infrastructure . . . . 62 2.13 Local Government Expenditures on Construction and Maintenance of Streets, Roads, and Bridges: Metro-Manila, 1977-80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 2.14 MPWH Road Investments in Selected Major Cities (1977-81).............. . 64 2.15 Sectoral Share of Infrastructure Investment, 1965-78 . . . . 65 3.1 Summary of Existing/Proposed Public Transport Regulation by Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 5.1 Cost of Principal Transport Fuels March 1981 . . . . . . . . 67 5.2 Consumption of Gasoline Related to Cost. . . . . . . . . . . 68 5.3 Fuel Consumption by Public Transport Modes . . . . . . . . . 69 5.4 Costs of Automobile Ownership (November 1980). . . . . . . . 70 CHARTS 1. Organizational Structure of MOTC . . . . . . . . . . 71 2. Organizational Structure of BLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 3. Organizational Structure of Traffic Engineering and Management Unit (TEAM) . ...... . . .... . 73 4. Enforcement Agencies . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 74 5. Existing Agency Relationships to Transport Functions . . . . 75 6. Urban Transport Responsibilities in Metro Manila . . . . . . 76 7. Urban Transport Responsibilities in Metro Cebu . . . . . . . 77 8. Traffic Management Responsibilities in Metro Manila . . . . . 78 9. Public Transport Regulation Responsibilities . . . . . . . . 79 MAP IBRD 17234: Principal Cities of the Philippines  ANNE X A Page 1 P IIILIPPINE'S URB'AN TRANSPORT SECTOR REVIEW Income Impact on Urban Transport 1. Income distribution within the Philippines is highly skewed with the top 10% of the families accounting for about 40%'0 of total family income; families in the lowest 30% of the income scale account for only about 6% of all expenditures (see Table 1). This means that a substantial proportion of the population is very sensitive to price/income conditions regarding the affordability of public transport, and a relatively small proportion that can afford to operate and maintain a private car. There is a substantial variation in incomes between the national capital region and the rest of the Philippines. Manila had an median annual family income of about double the national average (14,000 Pesos versus 7,000 Pesos) in late 1979 suggesting a greater demand for both private and public transport on a per capita basis. Table 1: ESTIMATED 'FAMILY INCOME National Capital Region Philippines % of Cumulative Cumula- % of Cumulative Cumula- house % of house- tive % of house % of house- tive % of Pesos/Year/a holds holds income holds holds income Under 1,000 0.4 0.4 0.0 3.8 3.8 0.2 1,000 - 2,000 0.7 1.1 0.1 7.8 11.6 1.3 2,000 - 4,000 3.4 4.5 0.6 18.0 29.6 6.3 4;000 - 6,000 9.0 13.5 2.6 16.0 45.6 13.6 6,000 - 8,000 10.3 23.8 5.8 12.9 58.5 22.7 8,000 - 10,000 11.1 34.9 10.4 9.4 67.9 39.5 10,000 - 12,000 8.1 43.0 14.5 6.2 73.9 35.7 12,000 - 14,000 8.5 51.5 19.5 5.3 79.2 42.1 14,000 - 16,000 6.3 57.8 23.8 3.8 83.0 47.5 16,000 - 20,000 10.4 68.2 32.3 5.5 88.5 56.6 20,000 - 30,000 15.1 83.3 49.1 6.3 94.8 70.5 30,000 - 40,000 6.8 90.1 59.8 2.1 96.9 77.0 Over 40,000 9.9 100.0 100.0 3.1 100.0 100.0 /a Based on Fourth Quarter 1979. Source: Special Release of National Census 0'ffice, August 15, 1980.  MINEX A -2- Page 2 2. The cost of owning and operating a small car in 197