Rwanda - Telecommunications Project

Document of The World Bank FILE COPY FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report No. P-2724-RW REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED CREDIT TO THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA FOR A TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROJECT July 10, 1980 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS US$1.00 Rwandese Franc (RF) 92 RF 100 5 US$1.09 FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS Channel - One circuit of a carrier system carrying speech or telegraph signals. DELs - Direct exchange lines. DGT - General Directorate of Telecommunications HF/UHF/VHF - High frequency radio up to 30 MHz; ultra high frequency radio beyond 300 MHz; and very high frequency radio between 30-300 MHz. rIHz - Megahertz Microwave - Radio system working at frequencies above 300 MHz but normally applied to systems working at fre- quencies above 1,000 MHz. MINPOSCO - Ministry of Posts and Communications Telex - Telegraph exchange service for subscribers. UNITS Metric System  FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY (i) RWANDA - TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROJECT Credit and Project Summary Borrower: Republic of Rwanda Amount: US$7.5 million equivalent Terms: Standard IDA terms Project (i) Objectives: To assist the Government in implementing Description: its Five-Year Development Program for the Telecom- munications Sector, which aims at reducing Rwanda's geographical isolation from other countries, improving the internal telecommunication network, and extending it to rural and urban areas presently unserved. (ii) Components: The proposed project would provide for: (a) expansion of the urban cable network in several towns by about 1,300 main lines, and increase of the number of subscriber's installations by about 3,000, in Kigali and other towns ; (b) installation of a new exchange at Rwamagana, equipped for 200 lines; replace- ment of 10 existing exchanges, with added capacity of about 2,000 lines; installation of call charging equipment and adaptation of the installation at Kigali and other exchanges for interface with the new inter- urban exchange; (c) installation of an automatic trunk exchange, equipped for 300 circuits; replacement of existing ten HF and low capacity UHF links, and instal- lation of microwave equipment for three new routes; (d) expansion of the telex exchange at Kigali, provision of teleprinters for about 100 additional telex subscribers, and installation of voice frequency telegraph equipment at about 12 centers; (e) construction of a warehouse and other buildings; (f) purchase of vehicles, tools and other miscellaneous equipment; and (g) technical assistance. (iii) Benefits: By improving the quality of existing tele- communication services and extending them to areas of country currently unserved, the project would improve efficiency and stimulate economic activities in both rural and urban areas, while also extending the benefits of telephone facilities to broader segments of the population. This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.  (ii) (iv) The project presents limited risks. The main risk is that physical implementation of some components might be delayed. However, in telecommunications projects with a relatively large number of independent activities, delays in completion of a few works do not generally prevent the use of other newly created assets. Furthermore, when delays occur, the costs and benefits are delayed in roughly the same proportion; hence, the impact on the rate of return is not significant. Estimated Costs: US$ Million Local Foreign Total Local Telephone Facilities - External Plant 0.73 1.70 2.43 - Exchanges 0.21 2.56 2.77 Long Distances Facilities 0.19 4.79 4.98 Telex 0.01 0.60 0.61 Technical Assistance 0.30 1.15 1.45 Civil Works 0.27 1.10 1.37 Miscellaneous equipment 0.02 0.18 0.20 1.73 12.08 13.81 Physical Contingencies 0.07 0.62 0.69 Price Contingencies 0.32 2.68 3.00 2.12 15.38 17.50 Financing Plan: US$ Million Local Foreign Total IDA 7.5 7.5 France 3.9 3.9 Canada - 4.0 4.0 Government 2.1 - 2.1 2.1 15.4 17.5 Estimated Disbursement: IDA Fiscal Year (US$ Thousand) 81 82 83 84 85 Annual 100 1,500 2,050 1,700 2,150 Cumulative 100 1,600 3,650 5,350 7,500 Economic Rate of Return: 18% Appraisal Report: Report No. 2873-RW dated July 7, 1980 Map: IBRD 14298R  INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED CREDIT TO THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA FOR A TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROJECT v 1. I submit the following report and recommendation on a proposr-d credit to the Republic of Rwanda for the equivalent of US$7.5 million on standard IDA terms to help finance a Telecommunications Project. The project would be cofinanced on a parallel basis by Canada (US$4.0 million) and France (US$3.9 million). PART I - THE ECONOMY 1/ 2. A report "Memorandum on the Economy of Rwanda" (No. 1108-RW) was distributed to the Executive Directors on July 27, 1976. Economic missions visited Rwanda in February and December 1979 and an updated economic report is currently being prepared. 3. Rwanda became independent in 1962. Since the present Government came to power in 1973, the country has enjoyed considerable political stability. This has been partly facilitated by the unity and relative homogeneity of the population and the absence of serious inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth. With a per capita income (GDP) around $150 in 1978, Rwanda is one of the poorest countries in the world. It is one of the smallest but most densely populated countries in Africa, with a population density of around 180 persons per square kilometer or about ten times the average density for all of Sub-Saharan Africa. The population remains predominantly rural, and only about 4.5 percent were estimated to be in urban areas in 1978. 4. About two thirds of Rwanda's surface area is suitable for agricul- ture, virtually all of it already under cultivation. Small family farms of about one hectare predominate with little use of hired labor. Roughly 95 percent of the cultivated area is devoted to foodcrop production with fairly good diversification over a range of foodcrops (bananas, sorghum, peas, beans, maize, cassava, and sweet potatoes). More than half of all farms also grow coffee, the principal commercial and export crop, and many farms combine crop production with cattle and small stock. Agriculture (including Forestry and Fishing) accounts for about 45 percent of total value added. 1/ Part I of this report is identical to that in Report No. P-2818-RW on the Integrated Forestry and Livestock Development Project, considered by the Executive Directors on June 5, 1980.  5. Apart from coffee, the only other significant agricultural export crops are tea, pyrethrum, and quinine bark (cinchona). Coffee accounted for about 60 percent of the value of merchandise exports in 1978, tea for around 7 percent, cinchona and pyrethrum each for roughly 3 percent. Significant tea production and export only date from the mid-1970's and expansion has been rapid. 6. Cassiterite and wolfram, the principal mineral products, are still important sources of export earnings (together accounting for about 20 percent of merchandise export receipts in 1978) but production has stagnated over the last decade due to resource depletion and rising production costs. Ongoing mineral exploration has so far produced no significant new finds. 7. The growth of output in manufacturing has been relatively rapid over the past decade with gradual enlargement of the range of manufacturing activities. In 1978 manufacturing accounted for about 18 percent of GDP compared to around 14 percent in the early 1970's. Agro-industry and food processing activities remain the most important. 8. The landlocked position of the country and the great distance to the nearest sea ports (1,700 km to Mombasa) create special problems. Apart from the obvious effect of transport costs on import and export prices, seriously exacerbated by recent rapid increases in the price of petroleum, the country has been periodically subject to serious disruptions in trans- port links from political events within and between neighboring countries. Although the Government has demonstrated commendable resolve and effective- ness in containing and correcting the direct and immediate effects of these disruptions on the domestic economy the process of smooth and orderly develop- ment has been made more difficult. 9. Under the present government there has been a marked reorientation in the focus of development strategy towards agriculture and the rural areas. Increased food production is recognized as the cardinal priority and major emphasis is also placed on improving infrastructure in transport and communi- cations. These objectives are reflected in the current (1977-81) Five-Year Plan and in the new Constitution which was adopted in December 1978. While tangible progress has been achieved, the rapid population growth, general land shortage, diminishing soil fertility and the country's landlocked position impose serious constraints on the pace at which development can take place. 10. While real GDP growth averaged between 5 and 6 percent between 1975 and 1979, progress was rather erratic and uneven. Poor weather conditions in 1977 and 1978 adversely affected agricultural output, particularly domestic fooderop production which, over the past few years, has barely kept pace with the rate of population growth. Production of coffee and tea, while affected by the adverse weather conditions, has been stimulated by high world prices since 1976. Information on developments in agriculture is still very frag- mentary and incomplete but it would appear that such increases in foodcrop or export crop output as have taken place in recent years have been due mainly to extension in cultivation area--at the expense of animal pasture and forestry uses--rather than any significant improvements in yields.  - 3 - 11. The closing of the Uganda border during the first half of 1979 created serious supply and export problems. Domestic manufacturing and construction activity were particularly affected as was the production and export of tea. General shortages of imported raw materials and consumer goods resulted in accelerated price increases - the general inflation rate in 1979 is estimated at about 25 percent. However, the measures which the Government took to allocate import supplies to priority uses and to limit monetary and credit expansion did much to contain the adverse effects. 12. The trade balance, which had been in surplus in 1976 (RF 760 million) and 1977 (RF 2,105 million), registered a deficit of about RF 3,100 million in 1978. This was mainly due to lower coffee export prices and to delays in exporting the coffee crop at the end of 1978 with the closing of the Uganda frontier. The deficit on services account has grown rapidly over recent years with the effects of higher petroleum prices and transport difficulties on transport costs. With significant exceptional external aid in 1978 to meet the transport crisis the overall balance of payments remained healthy and Rwanda's foreign exchange reserves in April 1979 were equivalent to about 7 months of merchandise imports. A factor which has also contributed to the satisfactory external financial position has been that imports have been kept at a lower level than would be required for more rapid and substantial eco- nomic growth. However, the balance of payments position remains very sensi- tive to world coffee and tea prices and, with the prospect of significantly lower coffee prices over the next year or two, is likely to deteriorate. 13. The government has pursued sound and disciplined budgetary policies over the last few years with surpluses on current account being recorded in 1977, 1978 and 1979. The revenue base, however, remains narrow with a strong dependence on coffee export receipts. Budgetary development expenditures, while increasing, remain at an inadequate level and there are continuing difficulties in significantly increasing development expenditures in the agricultural and rural sector. Considerable strengthening in project preparation and implementation capability is still required. 14. Economic and financial developments over recent years illustrate the country's vulnerability to external economic factors as well as con- tinuing structural weaknesses in the base of the domestic development effort. The priorities which the government has established for its development stra- tegy, the initiatives which it has taken in fostering cooperation with neigh- boring countries and its generally sound and responsive management of the economy are encouraging signs. More adequate progress in agricultural development requires intensified efforts in infrastructure (e.g., local roads, storage facilities) and extension services. A better coordination of external aid and technical assistnce would also be required. Recent efforts to bolster project identification and appraisal capacity need to be expanded and intensified. A more systematic effort is needed to monitor Plan imple- mentation and, particularly, to better coordinate the annual budget develop- ment expenditures with the Plan's investment program. The recent reorganiza- tion of the Ministry of Economics, Trade and Commerce, which aims at more effective coordination of policies, is evidence of the government's awareness of these problems.  - 4 - 15. Even with continued improvement in economic performance over the next few years the need for external assistance will increase, particularly with the prospect of deteriorating terms of trade. Rwanda's external debt is low and debt service payments represent only about 1.5 percent of export earnings. Given the country's level of poverty, the prospective world trade situation and the length of time which structural adjustments in the economy are likely to take, external assistance should continue to be on the most concessional terms possible. PART II - BANK GROUP OPERATIONS IN RWANDA 16. Bank Group assistance started in 1970 and initially focused on the improvement of the road network and the strengthening of agricultural production. Rwanda has received eleven IDA credits totaling US$88.5 million, of which four (totaling US$43.1 million) were for roads, four (US$28.3 mil- lion) for agriculture, two (US$9.2 million) for DFC projects and one (US$7.9 for education. There have been no Bank loans. An IFC loan of US$535,000 for a tea factory was signed in 1976; a second IFC loan of US$226,000 and contingent equity commitments of up to US$60,000 for a tea factory were approved in June 1979. Annex II contains a summary statement of IDA credits, IFC investments and notes on the execution of ongoing projects. 17. The first three highway projects are completed and totally disbursed. A fourth credit for a highway maintenance project (Credit 769-RW) was approved by the Board in February 1978 and became effective in August 1978; the special- ists financed under the technical assistance program are performing satisfac- torily and procurement of equipment is in progress. 18. The first agricultural development (Mutara) project was completed in July 1979 and funds have now been completely disbursed. A second credit of US$8.8 million, which supports the second phase of a long-term development for the Mutara region, was declared effective on May 30, 1980, and implementa- tion has started under financing from the Project Preparation Facility. The Credit Agreement for a cinchona project (US$1.8 million) and the Credit Agreement for the Bugesera/Gisaka/Migongo mixed farming and rural development project (US$14.0 million) were signed in August 1976 and in March 1977, respectively. Both projects are progressing satisfactorily. A credit for an education project (US$7.9 million), consisting primarily of construction, furniture and equipment for workshops, became effective in 1975. Physical implementation has been slow and complicated by procurement problems. The first credit of US$4.0 million to the Development Finance Company (BRD) has now been fully committed. BRD's performance under the credit has been highly satisfactory. A second credit of US$5.2 million to BRD was signed on July 13, 1979, and became effective on January 4, 1980. A project to support reforesta- tion programs in Kigali, Butare and Gisenyi Prefectures (IDA Credit of US$21.0 million) was approved on June 5, 1980.  19. Mainly because of shortage of trained manpower and managerial skills in Rwanda, the execution of projects requires substantial assistance from Bank Group staff through extensive supervision and from expatriate experts, for whom financing is included in most credits. 20. For the future, the primary emphasis of Bank operations will remain on agriculture, although absorptive capacity and the activities of other donors may limit the scope of our activity in this sector; on communications to reduce the country's isolation; and on development of human resources. Preparation of a coffee development project has been substantially completed and pre-appraisal is under way. In highways, the Government has asked the Bank to participate in the financing of the Butare-Cyangugu road, for which a feasibility study and detailed engineering will be carried out this year; the project would open up the southern region towards Zaire and Burundi and support both the forestry and the coffee development projects. In the water supply sector a project is being prepared which aims at improving water supply in rural areas and providing sanitation facilities for Kigali. We also intend to continue our support to the development bank (BRD). PART III - THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR Background 21. Due to insufficient past investments in the sector, basic telecom- munications facilities are lacking in many parts of the country, and, where available, they are inadequate and unreliable. With telecommunications services increasingly becoming the least-cost means of communication for a growing proportion of the population, lack of adequate telecommunications services hinders business and commerce, social services, government adminis- tration, and economic development. 22. The Ministry of Posts and Communications (MINPOSCO) is responsible for the regulation of telecommunications services within the country, allo- cates radio frequencies for all services, and licenses private radio installa- tions. Within the Ministry, the General Directorate of Telecommunications (DGT), is responsible for management of the services. Access to Services 23. With an estimated 0.056 telephone subscriber per hundred population (or about 1 telephone per 2,000 people), Rwanda has one of the lowest tele- phone densities in the world. At the end of 1978, of the 2,721 subscribers, about 70 percent were in the capital city, Kigali, with the remainder being distributed among other smaller towns and rural areas. Registered waiting applicants are mainly in Kigali and waiting times are long. Given inadequate access to the public telephone system, there are approximately 50 licensed HF networks serving primarily private industrial and commercial concerns, and religious missions--which generally provide school and/or health services. It is not known how many unlicensed radio systems (HF or VHF) exist.  -6- Telephone Services and Usage 24. At present about 50 percent of subscribers are private and 50 percent public. The smaller towns have a higher percentage of public subscribers. There is no differentiation between business and residential services, as residential telephones are also used for business due to the difficulty of getting connections in the business districts. In Kigali about 99 percent of traffic is local, 0.5 percent in interurban and 0.5 percent international. In the regional centers interurban traffic is about 20 percent and local traffic about 80 percent; there is at present no international traffic. Quality of Service and Existing Facilities 25. Quality of service is poor. During business hours there is high call traffic congestion. Service to subscribers is frequently interrupted by defaults on the lines. This is particularly common during the rainy season. Interruptions in the interurban network may last weeks at a time. 26. The local exchanges are automatic, all fairly recent (installed since 1970), but of the step-by-step type, without registers. Recently purchased equipment for an extension of Kigali exchange was severely damaged during transport and only part of the 3,500 lines installed is being used. Six of the provincial exchanges have defects and cannot be utilized to their full capacity. One of the major problems is that the six exchanges do not allow subscriber long distance dialing. The other exchanges work satisfac- torily. The local network is presently saturated and in most areas no new subscribers can be connected, although the exchanges themselves operate at only slightly more than 50 percent capacity. The main problem is the poor quality of the existing cables which are no longer waterproof, thus creating short circuits on the subscriber lines when it rains. Demand for Service 27. No comprehensive study of the existing and potential subscriber demand has been undertaken to date. Since 1975 the annual growth in number of subscribers has averaged 6.5 percent per annum with each increase in supply always being immediately absorbed. In late 1978 the Telecommunications Department requested from other Ministries lists of priority sites requiring telephone services. The following responses were obtained: Ministry of Education: 95 schools; Ministry of Youth and Sports: 13 youth training centers; Ministry of Interior: links with all major centers, missions, schools, hospitals, clinics, commercial centers, mining and industrial centers; Ministry of Agriculture: all rural projects, tea factories, coffee plantations, cooperatives and other development projects. Although these responses do not provide precisely quantified estimations, they confirm that there is a large unsatisfied demand in Rwanda for the most essential telecommunications services. In the absence of a comprehensive study, telephone usage has been projected to grow at 20 percent per year over the 1980-1984 period. Based on experience in countries at comparable stage of development, this can be considered a conserva- tive estimate.  - 7- Sector Objectives and Constraints 28. The goals established for telecommunications in the current five- year plan include: (a) improvement in communications with the communes and the main production centers and (b) completion of infrastructure to allow direct communications with other African countries. The internal communica- tion network should link all prefecture capitals with Kigali, the subprefec- ture headquarters with regional centers and the communes with the prefecture capitals. 29. The 1980-84 investment program for telecommunications comprises the following components: (a) ongoing works, which include: (i) domestic network: expansion and rehabilitation of the Kigali network, and establishment of rural call offices; (ii) international network: an earth satellite station (cutover expected at the end of 1981), an inter- national transit center for telephone and telex (cutover expected at the beginning of 1982); (b) the proposed project (see Part IV); and (c) preliminary works for the future expansion of facilities from 1985 onwards. 30. This program is estimated to cost about RF 2.2 billion (US$24 mil- lion), with a foreign exchange component of about RF 2.0 billion (US$21 million). The program is adequately designed to meet the most urgent needs for improvement and expansion of telecommunications services, given the anticipated resources and the technical and managerial capability of DGT. IDA's Role in the Sector 31. IDA first became associated with the telecommunications sector in Rwanda through a sector mission in Mlarch 1979. Following this mission, IDA assisted Rwanda by preparing terms of reference for consultants to design a telecommunications master plan and to help prepare a project suitable for IDA financing. Part of the cost of consultants was financed by IDA through the Project Preparation Facility. IDA's strategy for the telecommunications sector in Rwanda is primarily focused on institution building and technical assistance, in particular through the provision of much needed independent technical and economic advice.  -8 PART IV - THE PROJECT Background 32. The proposed project was appraised in November/December 1979. Negotiations were held in Washington in iMay 12 to 16, 1980. The Government delegation was led by Mr. Gatabazi Felicien, Minister of Posts and Communica- !ions. A staff appraisal report entitled "Telecommunications Project" (No. 2873-RW, dated July 7, 1980) is being distributed separately to the Executive Directors. A credit and project summary is provided at the beginning of this report and a supplementary project data sheet is in Annex III. Project Objectives 33. The project is a major component of the 1980-84 investment program for telecommunications. It would permit to improve the quality of existing telecommunications services, while extending the coverage to geographical areas and segments of the population presently unserved. The proposed expan- sion of the telex network is urgently needed as the present telex facilities will be saturated during the program period. The expansion of the domestic telephone network aims principally at bringing service to areas which are not, or are insufficiently, served at present. These include a new development zone at the outskirts of Kigali, provincial towns and rural centers which are of primary importance for a more balanced socio-economic development of the country. Project Description 34. The project would provide for: (a) expansion of urban cable networks in several towns by about 1,300 main lines, and increase of the number of subscriber's installations, by about 3,000, in Kigali and other centers; (b) installation of a new exchange at Rwamagana, equipped for 200 lines; replacement of 10 existing exchanges with added capacity of about 2,000 lines; installation of call charging equipment and adaptation of the installation at Kigali and other exchanges for interface with the new interurban exchange; (c) installation of an automatic interurban exchange, equipped for 300 circuits; replacement of ten HF and low capacity UHF links with facilities of adequate reliability and capacity; installa- tion of microwave equipment for three new routes;  - 9 - (d) expansion of the telex exchange at Kigali and provision of teleprinters for 100 additional telex subscribers and installation of voice frequency telegraph equipment at about 12 centers; (e) miscellaneous items (vehicles, tools, instruments, etc.); (f) construction of a warehouse and of other project related buildings; and (g) technical assistance and training. Project Costs and Financing 35. The estimated total cost of the project is US$17.5 million equiva- lent, net of any tax or import duty (MINPOSCO pays no import duties on tele- communications equipment and is exempt from taxes). A physical contingency of 5% has been provided on foreign and local costs. Price contingencies have been estimated for all equipment on the basis of an annual price escalation of 8% for foreign costs and 15% for local costs. Total price contingencies would thus amount to about 21% of the estimated base cost plus physical contingency. The proposed credit of US$7.5 million would be extended to the Government of Rwanda on standard IDA terms and would finance about 43 percent of total project costs. France, through Fonds d'Aide et de Cooperation (FAC) and Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique (CCCE), has agreed to finance the equivalent of US$3.9 million (about 22 percent of project costs). The signing of co-financing agreements with FAC and with CCCE would be conditions of credit effectiveness (Section 6.01(a) and (b) of the draft Development Credit Agreement). Canada, through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) has already signed an agreement to finance US$4.0 million (about 23 percent of project costs). The French and Canadian financing would be provided on a parallel basis, and procurement of equipment would be on the basis of competitive bidding, in France and Canada, respectively. The Government would finance US$2.1 million equivalent (12 percent of project costs). Implementation 36. Responsibility for project implementation would rest with the General Directorate of Telecommunications (DGT) of the Ministry of Posts and Communications. The DGT would employ consultants to: (a) prepare the specifications and bidding documents for the telephone switching equipment, cable networks, microwave VHF/UHF radio equipment, open wire carrier systems and rural network materials; and (b) provide assistance for the supervision of installation and acceptance testing of telephone switching and microwave systems. DGT would lay and join the cables and install the subscriber facili- ties in the provincial towns; in the metropolitan area, it would be assisted by the supplier(s). DGT would supervise the contractors who would supply and  - 10 - install the telephone exchanges as well as microwave and VHF/UHF radio equip- ment. To ensure that adequate facilities are available for safe storage of equipment, the contract for construction of the proposed storage building would be signed prior to equipment tendering (Section 3.07 of draft Develop- ment Credit Agreement). Civil works for construction of buildings and access roads would be carried out by DGT. Institutional Aspects 37. As DGT is part of the Ministry of Posts and Communications, its development plan, personnel, administrative and financial policies are re- quired to conform to the directives of the Council of Ministers and the regulations governing civil service in Rwanda. DGT's budget is part of the government's budget, and its investment funds are controlled by the Ministry of Planning. DGT is headed by a director general appointed by the Minister of Posts and Communications, with three Departments reporting to the Director General (Accounts, Technical and Planning, and Operations). While the estab- lishment of a separate Office of Telecommunications is considered premature by the Government, this organizational issue would be kept under review by the Government, and periodically discussed with the Association. Technical Assistance for Management and Control 38. The management, budgeting and control systems of DGT need consider- able strengthening. In particular, there is a need for a rational and simple management information system to provide condensed and relevant information to the Director and the Departmental Managers. To help DGT during this critical phase of expansion, the proposed project would include about 90 staff-months of telecommunications experts and 10 staff-months of financial experts to help design and implement new systems for the control of the planning, programming, budgeting, maintenance and operations functions. The qualifications, experience and terms and conditions of employment of these consultants would be satisfactory to the Association (Section 3.02 of draft Development Credit Agreement). Staff 39. The total staff of DGT comprises 54 technical and administrative staff; 66 technicians and specialized workers, and 320 operators, linesmen, cable jointers, drivers and unskilled workers. In comparison with organizations of similar size in other countries, the number of staff is high in terms of the number of telephones in service (109 per 1,000 DELs), although small networks do tend to have a high staff density. Throughout the project period, DGT does not anticipate expanding its staff, and by the end of 1984 staff density would be reduced to about 60 per 1,000 DELs, which is reasonable.  Training 40. A training school has been recently opened by DGT in Kigali. The training program is designed primarily for operators, linesmen, switching technicians and cable jointers and incorporates both introductory courses and refresher courses. Higher level staff is not trained in Rwanda, but is sent to advanced schools in other African countries (Senegal and Madagascar). The school of Kigali can accommodate about 50 students and has classroom capacity to train each year at least 20 percent of the staff requiring training. The limiting factors are the scarcity of adequate training equip- ment and the difficulty of finding suitable teachers. In order to have a fully operational training facility the project would finance three trainers of various disciplines, each for a period of two years. As the school does not provide training in accounting, it is also proposed that a one-month course in accounting be held each year. The project would thus finance a total of about 76 staff-months of teachers. Provision would also be made in the project for training equipment and for senior members of DGT to attend overseas management courses. The qualifications and terms and conditions of employment of the teachers financed by the project would be submitted to IDA for approval (Section 3.06 of draft Development Credit Agreement). Tariffs 41. Given the scarcity of resources available to the telecommunications sector in Rwanda, tariffs are one means through which telecommunications ser- vices can be allocated to high priority uses. However, this aspect of tariff policy has not been, in the past, a prime factor in determining tariff levels or structure. As a result, telephone installation and rental charges are still relatively low in Kigali, while rentals in smaller exchange areas are twice the rate charged in the capital city. Also, there are no differential rates between daytime peak period calls and off peak nighttime and weekend calls over the long distance network. Local call charges, however, are not low by international standards and, at present, revenues received by DGT are sufficient to generate a rate of return of at least 10% on revalued fixed assets. In order to rationalize tariff levels and structure, DGT would undertake a tariff review, to be completed by June 30, 1981, under terms of reference acceptable to IDA and would thereafter discuss the find- ings and recommendations of this study with the Association (Section 4.04 of draft Development Credit Agreement). Financial Performance 42. The financial performance of DGT's telecommunications operations in recent recent years has been satisfactory in terms of both financial return and internal cash generation. On the whole, DGT's financial position is sound and its capital structure is adequate. To ensure continued financial viability of telecommunications operations, telecommunications tariffs would be maintained at levels sufficient to achieve a rate of return of at least 10 percent on the current value of net fixed assets (Section 4.02 of draft Development Credit Agreement).  - 12 - 43. At present, outstanding receivables correspond to about 8 months of traffic revenues, which is high. The Government has agreed that every six months, DGT would prepare and forward to IDA an analysis of outstanding receivable accounts by type of user and would institute procedures to ensure that by December 31, 1982 the level of outstanding receivables would not exceed an amount equivalent to one-third of the annual operating revenue of DGT (Section 4.05 of the draft Development Credit Agreement). Accounting 44. In the past, the DGT did not maintain commercial accounts. During project preparation, memorandum commercial accounts for the years 1976 to 1979 were prepared. The Government has agreed that DGT would continue to prepare separate commercial accounts and that these would be forwarded to IDA within four months of the end of the financial year (Section 3.01 (b) of draft Development Credit Agreement). A financial consultant to be provided under the technical assistance program (paragraph 38) would assist DGT in the preparation of these accounts. Audit 45. The Ministry of Finance appoints from time to time special inves- tigators from within the Ministry to examine the financial state of affairs of the various ministries and their departments. There is no system of annual independent audits of government departments. The accounts of public corporations are audited but the shortage of qualified French-speaking auditors in the region often causes difficulties and delays. The Government has agreed that DGT's commercial accounts would be audited each year by independent auditors acceptable to the Association and that these accounts together with the auditors' report would be forwarded to the Association within six months of the end of each fiscal year (Section 4.01(b) of draft Development Credit Agreement). Procurement 46. All equipment to be financed by the proposed IDA credit would be procured through international competitive bidding, except for some equip- ment costing about US$0.5 million. The items excluded from ICB and proposed for negotiated purchase on grounds of compatibility, savings on spare parts and ease of maintenance would be: (a) additional interworking equipment to be installed in the existing Kigali local exchange; and (b) additional equip- ment to increase the capacity of the telex exchange. The price of these items would be subject to IDA approval and would have to be reasonable in comparison with ICB prices. Contracts for vehicles and sundry equipment costing less than US$50,000 and not exceeding a total of US$500,000 would be awarded on the basis of Government procurement procedures, which are satisfac- tory. Disbursements 47. IDA funds would be disbursed as follows: (a) 100 percent of foreign expenditures on equipment for the local telephone network, the long distance net- work and the telex network; (b) 100 percent of foreign expenditures or 80 percent  - 13 - of local expenditures (excluding duties and taxes) on vehicles, training equipment and civil works; and (c) 100 percent of foreign expenditures and 90 percent of local expenditures for consultants' services. Disbursements against all above categories would be fully documented. Economic Justification, Project Benefits and Risks 48. Lack of swift and reliable communications is becoming an increas- ingly severe bottleneck for the development of the productive sectors. In urban areas, replacement and expansion of telecommunications facilities is needed to meet at least part of the unsatisfied demand, relieve congestion and, at a minimum, prevent further deterioration in service quality. In smaller towns, and in the more remote areas currently unserved, access to telecommunications needs to be broadened and improved to better serve the needs of the rural population. 49. There are thus both efficiency and equity aspects of the project benefits. Urban business, service industries and public administration are highly dependent on telecommunications. Provision of additional lines in urban areas and relief of congestion would improve the efficiency and effectiveness of management and administration, both in the private and in the public sector. Also, to the extent that telephone connection is a substitute for face-to-face communications, it could reduce growth in vehicular traffic and petroleum consumption. Similarly, in rural areas, automation and expan- sion of local networks and automation of long distance service in some of the areas currently unserved would promote the Government's goals of decentraliza- tion, stimulate production and marketing activities, improve the access to social services and reduce transport-related costs of projects. The additional revenues generated by DGT from expanded and automated domestic services and the international services would enable DGT to finance a significant portion of its own capital expenditures. 50. The project's financial rate of return is estimated at 12 percent but this significantly understates the economic benefits from the investment program because the benefit stream used in the calculation does not include the consumer surplus to be received by the telephone users. By estimating the consumer surplus on the basis of prices which the existing subscribers and registered applicants have demonstrated a willingness to pay, the economic rate of return is estimated at 18 percent. 51. No adverse environmental or health effects are expected from the project. The project presents limited risks. The main risk is that physical implementation of some components might be delayed. However, in telecom- munications projects comprising a large number of independent works, a delay in the implementation of a few works does not generally prevent the use of other newly created assets. Furthermore, when delays occur, the costs and benefits are delayed in roughly the same propcrtion; hence, the impact on the rate of return is not significant.  - 14 - PART V - LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AND AUTHORITY 52. The draft Development Credit Agreement between the Republic of Rwanda and the Association, and the Recommendation of the Committee provided for in Article V, Section I (d) of the Articles of Agreement, are being dis- tributed to the Executive Directors separately. 53. Special conditions of the project are listed in Section III of Annex III to this report. Additional conditions of effectiveness of the credit would be that co-financing agreements be signed with FAC and CCCE (Section 6.01(a) and (b) of the draft Development Credit Agreement). 54. I am satisfied that the proposed Development Credit would comply with the Articles of Agreement of the Association. PART VI - RECOMMENDATIONS 55. I recommend that the Executive Directors approve the proposed Credit. Robert S. McNamara President Attachments July 10, 1980  -15- Page I TABLE 3A RWANDA - SOCIAL INDICATORS DATA SHEET RWANDA REFERENCE GROUPS (WEIGHTED AVE,PAGES LAND AREA (THOUSAND SQ. EM.) - MOST RECENT ESTIMATE)-r TOTAL 26.3 AGRICULTURAL 15.0 MOST RECENT LOW INCOME MIDDLE INCOME 1960 Ab 1970 /b ESTIMATE /b AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA GNP PER CAPITA (US$) 70.0 100.0 180.0 228.9 726.2 ENERGY CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA (KILOGRAMS OF COAL EQUIVALENT) .. 11.0 17.0 80.0 699.4 POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS POPULATION, MID-YEAR (MILLIONS) 2.8 3.6 4.5 URBAN POPULATION (PERCENT OF TOTAL) 2.4 3.2 4.1 17.3 28.9 POPULATION PROJECTIONS POPULATION IN YEAR 2000 (MILLIONS) 8.0 STATIONARY POPULATION (MILLIONS) 24.0 YEAR STATIONARY POPULATION IS REACHED 2160 POPULATION DENSITY ER SQ. EM. 106.0 137.0 171.0 27.4 61.7 P%R SQ. EM. AGRICULTURAL LAND 185.0 229.0 300.0 82.6 126.0 POPULATION AGE STRUCTURE (PERCENT) 0-14 YRS. 44.5 43.8 46.4 44.9 45.5 15-64 YRS. 53.0 53.2 50.8 52.2 51.6 65 YRS. AND ABOVE 2.5 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 POPULATION GROWTH RATE (PERCENT) TOTAL 2.2 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.7 URBAN 11.5 5.3 6.2 6.8 4.9 CRUDE BIRTH RATE (PER THOUSAND) 51.0 50.0 51.0 47.4 46.8 CRUDE DEATH RATE (PER THOUSAND) 27.0 22.0 19.0 19.6 16.4 GROSS REPRODUCTION RATE 3.3/c 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS, ANNUAL CrHOUSANDS) .. .. USERS (PERCENT OF lARRIED WOMEN) .. .. FOOD AND NUTRITION INDEX OF FOOD PRODUCTION PER CAPITA (1969-71-100) 81.0 102.0 103.0 91.8 94.0 PER CAPITA SUPPLY OF CALORIES (PERCENT OF REQUIREMENTS) 80.0 96.0 98.0 90.2 92.7 PROTEINS (GRAMS PER DAY) 49.0 61.0 59.0 53.0 53.0 OF WHICH ANIMAL AND PULSE 25.0 34.0 30.0 18.4 15.6 CHILD (AGES 1-4) MORTALITY RATE 41.0 32.0 27.0 27.7 21.3 HEALTH LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH (YEARS) 37.0 42.0 46.0 45.3 50.1 INFANT MORTALITY RATE (PER THOUSAND) *- 127.0 ACCESS TO SAFE WATER (PERCENT OF POPULATION) TOTAL .. .. 35.0 23.2 31.0 URBAN .. .. 41.0 58.0 66.8 RURAL .. .. 35.0 16.8 ACCESS TO EXCRETA DISPOSAL (PERCENT OF POPULATION) TOTAL .. 53.0 57.0 28.9 URBAN .. 83.0 87.0 67.0 RURAL .. 52.0 56.0 POPULATION PER PHYSICIAN 138095.Ofd 57629.0 36442.0 30910.4 14508.2 POPULATION PER NURSING PERSON 11197.0/d 7292.0 9827.0 5793.2 3279.5 POPULATION PER HOSPITAL BED TOTAL .. 760.0 611.0 1198.9 1141.5 URBAN .. 32.0 RURAL .. 3994.0 ADMISSIONS PER HOSPITAL BED .. 21.2 21.3 HOUSING AVERAGE SIZE OF HOUSEHOLD TOTAL .. .. URBAN .. .. RURAL .. .. 4.5 AVERAGE NUMBER OF PERSONS PER ROOM TOTAL .. .. .. URBAN .. .. .. RURAL .. .. ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY (PERCENT OF DWELLINGS) TOTAL .. .. URBAN .. .. RURAL .. ..  -16- Page 2 TABLE 3A RWANDA - SOCIAL IrDICATORS DATA SHEET RWANDA REFERENCE GROUPS (WEIGHTED AVE;GHS - MOST RECENT ESTIMATE) MOST RECENT LOW INCOME MIDDLE INCOME 1960 /b 1970 lb ESTIMATE /b AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA EDUCATION ADJUSTED ENROLLMENT RATIOS PRIMARY: TOTAL 49.0 70.0 61.0 57.7 61.7 MALE 68.0 79.0 66.0 74.2 69.2 FEMALE 30.0 62.0 57.0 54.1 51.4 SECONDARY: TOTAL 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.0 20.6 MALE 2.0 3.0 3.0 13.7 29.2 FEMALE 1.0 1.0 1.0 7.1 14.7 VOCATIONAL ENROL. (% OF SECONDARY) 40.0 12.0 17.0 6.8 7.0 PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO PRIMARY 39.0 60.0 53.0 45.0 36.6 SECONDARY 14.0 13.0 15.0 25.2 24.3 ADULT LITERACY RATE (PERCENT) 16.0/d .. 23.0 25.5 CONSSUMPTION PASSENGER CARS PER THOUSAND POPULATION 0.4 1.0 1.6 3.6 38.8 RADIO RECEIVERS PER THOUSAND POPULATION .. 8.0 16.0 31.5 83.5 TV RECEIVERS PER THOUSAND POPULATION .. .. .. 1.8 NEWSPAPER ("DAILY GENERAL INTEREST") CIRCULATION PER THOUSAND POPULATION .. .. 0.04 4.6 24.2 CINEMA ANNUAL ATTENDANCE PER CAPITA .. .. 14.6 *- 0.7 LABOR FORCE TOTAL IAB0B FORCE (THOUSANDS) 1563.6 1940.6 2369.1 FEMALE (PERCENT) 48.7 48.3 48.0 33.5 38.1 AGRICULTURE (PERCENT) 95.4 93.2 91.0 80.7 54.3 INDUSTRY (PERCENT) 1.1 1.6 2.0 8.1 17.8 PARTICIPATION RATE (PERCENT) TOTAL 55.4 54.0 53.2 42.2 38.8 MALE 57.6 56.5 55.9 55.1 48.4 FEKALE 53.4 51.6 50.6 29.5 29.4 ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY RATIO 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.3 INCOME DISTRIBUTION PERCENT OF PRIVATE INCOME RECEIVED BY HIGHEST 5 PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDS HIGHEST 20 PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDS .. LOWEST 20 PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDS .. LoWEST 40 PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDS .. POVERTY TARGET GROUPS ESTIMATED ABSOLUTE POVERTY INCOME LEVEL (USS PER CAPITA) URBAN .. .. 148.0 138.2 RURAL .. .. 85.0 86.1 ESTIMATED RELATIVE POVERTY INCOME LEVEL (US$ PER CAPITA) URBAN .. .. .. 107.0 RURAL .. .. 43.0 65.0 ESTIMATED POPULATION BELOW ABSOLUTE POVERTY INCOME LEVEL (PERCENT) URBAN .. .. 30.0 RURAL .. .. 90.0 66.9 Not available Not applicable. NOTES /a The group averages for each indicator are population-weighted arithmetic means. Coverage of countries among the indicators depends on availability of data and is not uniform. /b Unless otherwise noted, data for 1960 refer to any year between 1959 and 1961; for 1970 between 1969 and 1971; and for Most Recent Estimate, between 1974 and 1978. /c 1957; /d 1962. April, 1980  -17- Page 3 DEFINITIONS OF SOCIAL INDICATIDRS Notee: Although the data are drawn -roe sources generalLy pudged the oust authoritati- areed laiable, it should also be noted that they =y not be inter- nat-ionlly boeparahle berause of she lark of snondardieed neflnlrtotsod -oepts sed by diflerent rouetrete f tollectieng the date. The data are, nee- theledss useful In desroo ordert of eagnitudo, indicat tredse, and character-ie certatn iosor differe.ncs betaee.n..uteies. She reference grnup. aire (ll the sa-ne coutry group of tue slb e-t 1ont p and (21 .a cuntry grnnp t-ih somewhat higl-r average itnu-e th the nuntoy group of the subject nountry (enrent tor "Capteal Surplus Oil Expnrters" group where "liddle lncno horth Afri-a and Middie East" is chouen because of stronger senln-culcural affinities). In the referoence group data the avcer.ges are populationsselghtod arithnetlo =eass for aech indicator ued showyn only abet at least hell of the countee in a group has dsta for that .odicator. Since the nnverage of cnustr _aong the indicators depeuds no the atatlsblity of data aod is nof unls.If. caution must ho coerrtsed it relating averoges of nne Senlicatcr te ucnthec. Thre eoeragre are only csetul An roeyarlng the value ofoneledtcstur atatireaIng thecountryandreference groups. LdND AREA (thoueand sqine. )opuhusio r Iuun- 'opsatlur usnsueu bp tuscer or peentsAtsg pey- Tntal - Total surface area c-Ptriting land area and inland - ad ers. tunlumuo.uIFP.d to a medicui urnnol at uniFvrsity leetl. Ageitultural - tEstieace of agricultural area used teeporarily or pereanensly Population per hursiog Perstn - Population dioided by nuober of prcnticnlg fur ceops, passures, mlsrs snd kctrheo gardens Ar so She talluw; 1977 data. se and locale grad uate torsos, praclccal sueses, end aseetadt nurses. -1-1-d by --1h.d - W.r-t . . ..r.a..c.o Anynal ed- otu. rba, rual-koysaton toal TNP P -d CAPITA (USS) - GSP per capita estioies at current sachet prces ral- urban, and eacall dIIded by their reupe t' a uri r- of hoapulte bede cutated by suer nonoersilot rechod as Wo-ld bank 15155 71976-78 hasis; 1960, available in public end private general and spoPialired hoepital at dee- 193O, and 197 data. hahbilitation centers. oerPitals are estebliebts Petnesty stalled by at least one physinian. Establishmente provid-tg peotncially rasftadle tNERGY CONBSCIPTION PER CAPITA - Annual coneanprlon of byImernsal eneogy (coal rare are non includod. RoreS bospitale, hover, hoclude health ad medlral and lignic, petroleue, nas.ral gae asd tydro-, nucleor and geLthetsal clot- centers sot per:susently stufed by a physiniep (but by a medical ss.ait_at, trinity) An blogehes of noel equivslees per apia 1960, 1970, and 1976 nuese, =idwtfe, tc.) which offer ls-pateet acco dstiow end prooide a date. lteited range of eedinal Eactlitinen. For etatiestrcat purposee urbae hospi- tale Ainclude WAles principel general and specialozef tospitals, eel oseal POPULATION ANdD VITAL STATISTICS dIhospitals local errutal hospitalt erd redical and =aernitv center. Intel Populatin Nld-lear (stillons) - As of July 1; 1960, 1970, nd 1978 -drlssont yer Hospital Bed - potal number of admissionsto or dtsnbargee data, from hospitals divided by the number of beds. trhan Pnsonlofti re (enest of totol) - Ri of urban to total polatino; different defoio sea ot urbaon areas esy afgoct nopearability of data HOUSIN a=nngAupunttts; 1960, 1970, ad 1978 dasa. noersge Slew of Household (persons pro househeld) - total, urban, and rNa- Poyu2ltieo Projontions A hnosehold nonesass of a group of indih-dualeehosbare liveg qusrtere Populatino in pear 7112 - Current population p--lerniuss are based An 196O and their sait meals. A bodee or lodger say or may sot be ilsnuded Is total popoletion by age and ten und theft mortalip ued fer-tiletyc tes. the household fot ettistitcal purposee. Leojenftoe ycPc a""I,nshrn eo Pr3cinpar eetees for morsallsy nae omyrise nf three levels hour Aeruge nubro aesn lee coos- toeal, urbas. snd ruael - Aeaene log lifr eopentsoy at birth inereas-ng oith coantry's per capita inao:e her of persons per roo, xlu all trbae, eel rotal occupied cosoesihoesa level and fe a1e life expe-tnny s. ebilizeng at 77.5 yeace. The pars- deellings, espentively. ',ellngs exladee o-penseentesd ctueesasd soters tot fe tyility rate also hate three bev seesslog derlioe to unorcupied parts. fertli.t ancor_ding to incoe level ande ast f_aipy planning pofooranAc. .A.ess to ilenteirltI (percent dwellings) - total, urbeo, and eucul - Er.h coutrry Is thee assigned oe of thrseAnue cnmhitacioee of cocoaliso Conventtonal dcelllogs stth electriciy in 11v1sg quarters as perceotuge and fertility tede ton pcojtir.oo purposos nI total, urban, and rurel dwellingsrrespetively. Ststionary population-Inaest sainona population there is no growtbh sine the binth eace is equal to the death rsse, end also the age structore cc- RDUCATION oino constant. This is achieved only after fe-rility nasee declino to A4Luted inroNlment ffttoe the replrceont level of usit set rep-oduction rate, ohen rach gonerettee Prtsar' echol - total sle aad femele-Groos total, mole and lekin of women replacee itseol esactly. The esationarh ponpusloti steo wae enrol1ent of all age at the primay lenl as petrestages of _espertive etin yted on the basis of the peojeIted charancerittcs nE the popolatio- primary erbool-age populaItons; so ally inicldes child-en aged 6-11 in the yeor 2000, end the rate of derline of fertIlity rate to trelano- yeare bun adjuetad for differeet lengthe of pciary edu--los; foe mono level. noantoies wIth universal education enrollment may exceed l0 perenet Tear nstaionar norulaPtion is reached - Tho year h-ee stationary population shore Sees pupils are below or above the of Icial schnol age. e has bees rean ed. Secondary school - total, sle aed female - toeputed aseabove;el ondary Porulaclue Deosity rducatioecrequires at leaet four years of apporovd poimary inasruction; P-r aq kb. - Kid-peac popsiation pem square kilometerfl (100 h-e -roe) of pIvides genorel vocationat, nc tracher training instructions foe popib tonal area. usually of 12 tn 17 yesre of pE; -erreepondenc o. .rsea ree geneeally Pee sq Am. agrinulsural lund - tompusod ae ebove for agsriultucal lend eon1udsd. ooly. locational enenlisent (perreot of secoodary) - Vocational inenltutions Popula'ton Age Stru.t-ue (percent) - Childrow (0-14 years ), corkiog-age (15- inclde technical, industrial. or otber peogres which operate indepes- 64 yeare), and retired 161 preen and ovoo) as per-entages of mid-year popu- dently or ae depar-neets of aecood-ry i.stituti-n. latuos; 1960, i970, and 1978 datea Orul-toerhor ratio - probert aod Teonedse - Total studeete enrolled ie Population Growth late (t senot - total - Antual gnovth rates of sotal id- p.teary end secondary levels divided by n-bers of sere in the peso populations for 1950-b0, 1960-70, and 1970-789 -orretpondlob lecolst Poputation Growth nars (perceut) - urban- Anon. grnoth rates of urban popu- Adult litreacy rate - perceet) - Literate edults (able to -ad aed evite) l-tioOs ftr 1950-60 196D-70, end 1970-78. asyprcontage of total odult population oged 11 yes end over Crude Birth late (Per rhoue'ndi - Aowuol live births pot thousand of =id-year populasiun 1960, 1970, and 1979 data. CotlTefPTTf Crude leach lace (oer tbuheand) - Annual dea-hs pet thu..and of mid-year Pasege tar fpsttuhaod n lation) - Passenger tare comprise motor ppeto;1910, 1970, and 1978 dat. ' - 1- t po_pulation 1960, 1970, and l97tid,cacars sting less tban eight personss exnludes gebulennes, beeses a-d Irons Rproducion Rata - Average number of da-ghte- awo laneill brat in silltary veblce her normal reproductive period if she experienres pres9nt 1ge-syrcific for- Radio ledi (ore et throbueand poPolatior) - All types of -ceiers for radit tility rates; usually floe-year averages eeding in 1961, 1970, sod 1977. b.o.d-aste t general publli per t-othasd oE population; eocludes util- tamIly PIanning-bAcept"o', Alnual (thousands) - An-nul onnbee ofaen ro cessedreceloers benpountriee ond in reas ohen regissoetion of radio see of bitth-cnonrol devices usder auspi_es of natioal falip plaooing progre. use is effEct; date for ercent years epy eot be nomparuble siene most ftuplly laonlnan-lUsers (percent of maroled nomen) - Percontage of r ed nountriosabolished 1inanslng onee of child-bearing age (15-14 years) wbo one birth-cnIton devinee 00 TV Receives (r thousaed norabatlonl - Vereoes for hraadnest to all settled noses in same age grup. general poblic per thoutand population; e-ludes unliceosed TV roe-ivers PIOD AND NUTRITION in count lee aed Is years obe. - egistration of TV tete wa in eff-er. Index of Food Produr-ion per Capita (1969-71.10) - loles of per rapitaennuel .e-spIN ev CnInulatino (pet thoua h d roroapptioef - Ibow th av erIa rIirpaa- ofd,il all1 food ron7oditios. Prnd-eiaeolneern oad feed aed tineo "dily gen.r.. interest newspaper' ,deideape-lolclpub preodction oE Ed tn f g I .lon devoted primarIly ro-e-oeding ge feral news It is coIs.dired 55 on calendar peso hast. Coeedties cover prmry goods (e.g. suHar.ane to be "daily" if it appears as least four times aweek iostead n. sugar7 vhich are edible and contain eoericors (e.g. coffee and Cinema An-u1 Attendanoc per Capita pee Yeer - ged en she nuber E tea 000 encluded). Aggregate produotion of eacb nountry t based on tickets sold during the yeer, includisg tdmiesiose so deive-in sisesas national average producer prPie, ights; 1961-65 1970, sod 1978 dat. ed ob Per apita.ssplc of calortes (peotrns of requirements) - Computed fEt- eo il n energyequiveleut of net fnnd suppics available irncuntry pen -apita LAROR FOiCE per da.y Avilable supplios noeprise domestlL production, tepott less Total Lubor Porno (tboueands) - scnosocally actie persona, including exports, and changee in strck Net Supplies eo lade animal feed, -eeds, d fo d employed but eocluding boueewives, stdents, eso qustoitieu u-ed In food pro-esinig, end lossee in dtriutio. Rnequie- DeIneitIos In l u d Pe t ho -ble 196f 1970 aed nests woro rtt toted bh FAO besed no physilnlgitcl nonds for normal ucl- 1979 dsrea vity und health cn.side-rng envi oneensel teeperatuor, bndy neighte, agr finale fpercent) - Peoulo labor foote as perreecage of tonal lubnr forne and sen dlstecotono nf popultant, -edI...nIng II porrenttoe hssie Itd a e s u o p i a 1p n a Ar e rcentI) - Labor force in fanping, foreosry, boting and housebold loo. ; 1961-65, 1970, and 1977 date. tiunA an pencte nf tol labor forne; 196 Y, 1970 aed 1978 date. Per capIta supply of pcrotin (grass pee da) - 7rntnln nontent of per cepota Industrv (per-not) - Labor force it miring, construntioo, mnufancor..g not supply of fond pot day. Ne supply of food is defitnd as aboe. he- aod elertelnuny, untor and gas ae percentage nf total labor force; 1961, quirenen-s f-o all count- i-s establcahod by USIA provide for nisniue 910 and 197I dat. allowance of 60 gra-s of totad prntein per day and 2f grams of uncool ond Pert ionatlon base (pernertt - total, mai, and feeel - Participation or pulse p-o-tr, of vhich 10 grAms ehould to uinal protein. These stand- activitv rates ore roeputod at total, rlieod femule labnr fooceas des oro loner tha those oIf 1 g- nt torsl poreio snd 23 stams of percentages of nttl. male end femle pepulatlon of all agoa rbspectif- ly; ailmal protein on an average Ant the " onld, pr-po-ed by PAt In the Thitd 1961, 1970, aol 1971 dare These are ILt's paItitipationratesreflecing World Food Survey; 1961-65 1970 aod 1977 data. 70s s d of the thon and p-ttime tien le'ti- Per cerise pootels soIr loo animal and pulse - Prnoeio supply of food do- matosaen ftromur ofatha pou red rited toom animais end pulees in grape pre day; 1961-65, 1970 nd 1977 data. Ecoronic Oo fendnrn atio - Ratio uf population under 11 and 61 sod over Chlld (ages 1-4) Mo-rality Rate (plo thousand) - annual deaths per thousand in ho tol 1obr fre. age group 1-4 oetrs, to thildren is this age group; lot most devolnping noon- trios dots derived Iron liEe tables; 1960, 1970 und 1977 data ICOtE DISTRIEITION HEALTH Pe-reotege of Private Inno.e (bcth ie rash eel kind) - Reneived by oirhesr Life txpertancy at Blrh (vears) - Aversge nuebee of yFers EI life renainig S percent, tirhe-t 20 per-eot, pporest 20 percent, and poorret 40 peerent at birth; 1960, 1970 and 1978 dana