Unemployment and underemployment in the People's Republic of China

World Bank Reprint Series: Number Twenty-five Martin Karcher Unemployment and Underemployment in the People's ;:epublic of China Reprinted from China Report 1 1 (September-December 1975)  The World Bank Catalog lists all publications of the World Bank and is avail- able without charge to individuals and institutions having a serious interest in economic and social development. Address requests for the Catalog to: Publications Office, The World Bank, Washington, D,C. 20433, U.S.A., or to the JWorld Bank European Oftlce, 66, avenue d'lena, 75116 Paris, France. WORLD BANK BOOKS ABOUT DEVELOPMENT Research Publications Housing for the Urban Poor: Econom!cs and Policy in the Developing World by Orville F. Grimes, Jr., published by The Johns Hopkins UJniversity Press, 1976 Electricity Economics: Essays and C:ase Studies by Ralph Turvey and Dennis Anderson, published by The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976 Village Water Supply: Economics and Policy in the Developing World by Robert Saunders and Jeremy Warford, published by The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976 Economic Analysis of Projects by Lyn Squire and Herman G. van der Tak, published by The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1 975 The Design of Rural Development: Lessons from Africa by Uma Lele, published by The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975 Economy-W;de Models and Development Planning edited by Charles R. Blitzer, Peter B. Clark, and Lance Taylor, published by Oxford University Press, 1975 Patterns of Development, 1950-1970 by Hollis Chenery and Moises Syrquin with Hazel Elkington, published by Oxford University Press, 1975 A System of International Comparisons of Gross Product and Purchasing Power by Irving B. Kravis, Zoltan Kenessey, Alan Heston, and Robert Summers, published by The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975 Attacking Rural Poverty: How Nonformal Education Can Help by Philip H. Coombs with Manzoor Ahmed, published by The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974 Country Economic Reports Chad: Development Potential and Contraints by Richard Westebbe and others, distributed by The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1 974 Economic Growth of Colombia: Problems and Prospects by Dragoslav Avramovic and others, published by The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972 The Current Economic Position and Prospects of Ecuador by Roberto Echeverria and others, distributed by The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973 N'enya: Into the Second Decade by John Burrows and others, published by The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975 i'crea: Problems and Issues in a Rapidly Growing Economy by Parvez Hasan, published by The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1 976 Lesct ho: A Development Challenge by Willem Maane, distributed by The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975 (continued on inside back cover)  Reprinted from China Report Vol, XI, Nos. 5 & 6, September-December 1975 UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT IN THE PEOPLE"S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Martin Karcher .rice Re 1  china report is published six times a year by the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, Delhi Advisory Editorial Board B. N. Ganguli Chiairman J. Bandyopadhyaya, Jadavpur University, Calcutta; G.D. Deshingkar, University of Delhi; K.P. Gupta, University of Delhi; Girilal Jain, Titnes of India, New Delhi; Raini Kothari, Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, Delhi; Manoranjan Mohanty, University of Delhi; P,A.N,Murthy, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi; D.R. SarDesai, University of Bombay; Mira Sinba, University of Delhi; K. Subrahmanyam, Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi and B.K. Wariavwalla,lnstitute of Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. C. R. M. Rao Editor China Report has no policy excapt that of mncour.aging in its pages free discussion of different ideas and points of view on China, prcovidcd only that they are conpetentll presented and adequately substantiated or otherwise documented. Articles published in China Report represent neither the views of Members of the Editorial Board nor of the Editor. The Editor is responsible only for the selection and acceptance of articles. Responsibility for views expressed and for the accuracy of facts in the articles rests entirely with the authors. The Editor will be happy to coasider articles and researchi - a.perr for publication, especially frorn Indian scholars and journalists. Articles sent for consideration must be typewritten. Unaccepted articles will not be returned unless accompanied by a stamped and self-addressed envelope. Subscription Rates Country 1 year 2 years 3 years India, Pakistan, Ceylon snd Nepal Individuals Rs. 20 35 50 Institutions Rs. 35 65 95 Students Rs. 10 - - Europe, Asia and Africa Individuals