Tanzania - Agricultural and rural sector study (Vol. 1 of 3) : Main report

Report No. 541a-TA Tanzania Agricultural and Rural Development Sector Study (In Three Volumes) Volume 1: Main Report December 10, 1974 General Agriculture Division East Africa Projects Department Not for Public Use Document of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Development Association This report was prepared for official use only,by the Bank Group. It may not be published, quoted or cited without Bank Group authorization The Bank Group does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the report.  US $1 = 7.14 Shillings (TSh) TSh 1 = US $0.14 1 millimeter (m;) = 0.039 inches 1 meter (m) = 39.37 inches 1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 miles 1 hectare (ha) 2 = 2.471 acres 1 square kilometer (km ) = 0.386 square miles 1 ton (metric) = 2,205 lb (1,000 kg) 1 quintal (qq) = 100 kg 1 liter = 0.204 gallons ACA - Agricultural Credit Agency BRALUP - Bureau of Resource Assessment and Land Use Planning CATA - Cashewnut Puthority of Tanzania COMWORKS - Ministry of Communication and Labor CUT - Cooperative Union of Tanganyika DDC - District Development Council DDPC - District Development and Planning Committee DEC - District Executive Committee ERB - Economic Research Bureau FFYP - First Five Year Plan GAPZX - General Agricultural Products Exports Corporation GiEFCO - General Foods Company KILIMO - Ministry of Agriculture MCL - Mitchell Cotts Limited NAFCO - National Agricultural and Food Corporation NAPB - National Agricultural Products Board NBC - National Bank of Commerce NCCO - National Cold Chpin Operation NDCA - National Development Credit Agercy NMC - National Milling Corporation NHHC - National Road Haulpge Corporation PMO - Prime Ministers Office RTC - Rural Training Center SFYP - Second Five Year Plen SIDA - Swedish International De3velopment Association STC - State Trading Corporation TAMTUJ - Tanzania Agriculture Machinery Testing Unit TANU - Tanganyika African National Union TASCO - Tanganyika'Spinning Company TAT - Tobacco Authority of Tanzania TCA - Tanzania Cotton Authority TCB - Tanganyika Coffee Board TCCC - Tanganyika Coffee Curing Company TCGA - Tanganyika Coffee Growers Association TDB - Tanzania Dairy Board TECO - Tanganyika Extract Company TFA - Tanganyika Farmers Association TFC - Tanzania Fertilizer Company TFNC - Tanzania Food and Nutrition Center TLMC - Tanzania Livestock Marketing Company TPR - Tanganyika Pyrethrum Board TPC - Tanganyika Planting Company TPL - Tanganyika Packers Limited TRDB - Tanzania Rural Development Bank TSA - Tanzania Sisal Authority TSC - Tanzania Sisal Corporation TSDC - Tanzania Sugar Development Corporation TTA - Tanzania Tea Authority TTRW - Tanganyika Twine and Rope Works UCSC - Unified Cooperative Service Commission UFI - Ubungo Farm Implement Manufacturing Company  TANZN4TIA AGRICIJLTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOP,'!TYT SECTOR STUDY TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. BACKGROUND DATA SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS I. INTRODUCTION .................................. 1 II. DEVTLOPMENT OBJECTIVES .............2.......... 2 III. RURAL INCOTIE .................................. 6 IV. PRODUCTION OPPORTUNITIES ...................... 13 A. Production Potential ..... ................ 13 B. Demand Prospects ......................... 17 C. P'roductioi Priorities ..... ............... 19 V. FARMERS' INCENTIVES ..... ...................... 30 A. Price Policy ....... ...................... 30 B. The Rural Structure (Ujamaa Village Approach)34 VI. PUBLIC SFRVICES ......... ...................... 38 A. Research and Extension ...... ............. 39 B. Marketing ................................. 40 C. Innut Distribution and Credit .... ........ 42 D. Transportation .......... ................. 45 E. Coordination of Implementation .... ....... 45 VII. MANPOIER DEVELOPMENT ...... .................... 49 VIII. INVESTMENT PROGRAM ....... ..................... 54 A. Functional Distribution ..... ............. 54 B. Regional Distribution ..... ............... 55 C. Type of Projects ...... ................... 55 D. Crop Development ...... ................... 56 E. Livestock Development ..... ............... 60 F. Summary .......... ........................ 63  TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) Page No. IX. PRODUCTION AND INCOME ESTIMATES ..... .......... 71 X. POSTSCRIPT .77 T7XT TABLES 1. Agricultural Income: Some Case Studies .10 2. Crop Production .11 3. Per Capita Agricultural GDP, 1967-73 .12 4. Offtake from the National Cattle Herd, 1969-72 12 5. Soil and Rainfall Conditions by Region .23 6. Population Carrying Capacity by District 24 7. Returns to Land and Labor in Smallholder Production of Selected Commodities .25 3. Percentage Contribution by Region to Marketed Production .26 9. Domestic Food Commodity Requirements .27 10. Export Price Forecasts .28 11. Cormodity Priorities .29 12. Prices and Marketing Margins for Some Selected Commodities .37 13. Institutional Framework .46 14. Recovery of Fertilizer Subsidy; An Illustration 47 15. Marketed Ouantities of Agricultural Produce by Region and Month, 1972 .48 16. Agricultural and Veterinary Staff, June 197. 52 17. Estimated Output from Agricultural. Training Institution, 1972-80 .53 18. Functional Distribution of Development Expenditure .65 19. Model Development Sequence .66 20. Regional Characteristics .67 21. Proposed Development Program, 1975-80 ... ...... 68 22. Public Sector and Cooperative Investments in Agriculture, 1969/70 - 1974/75 .... ......... 69 23. Additional Technical Assistance Requirements .. 70 24. Production Estimates, Export Commodities, 1975 and 1980 ...................................... 73 25. Self-sufficiency Requirements, 1980 .... ....... 74 26. Smallholder Gross Agricultural Income, 1972 and 1980 .75 27. Agricultural Imports and Exports, 1972 and 1980 76  Volume II - FN 9XES 1. Domestic Demand for Agricultural Corimodities 2. Commodity Analysis 3. Agricultural. Services 4. Farm Mechanization 5. Agricultural Marketing 6. Input Supply and Credit 7. Tljamaa - A Tanzanian Approach to Rural Transformation 8. Ponds and Road Transport 9. Regional Planning 10. Manpower Planning 11. Rural Small Scale Industry 12. Agricultural Pricing VolumeTIII_ STATISTICAL A