India - Uttaranchal Decentralized Watershed Development Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 4 of 4) : Integrated Livestock Pest Management

E873 Volume 4 Uttaranchal Decentralized Watershed Development Project Integrated Livestock Pest Management Watershed Management Directorate Uttaranchal, Dehradun 21 Feb, 2004 _I; e P  Abbreviations CMO Chief Medical Officer CVO Chief Veterinary Officer CVSC College of Veterinary Sciences DC Drug Controller DI Drug Inspectors DAH Director, Animal Husbandry D&CA Drug and Cosmetics Act ILPM Integrated Livestock Pest Management IPNM Integrated Pest and Nutrient Management MO Medical Officer MMPO Milk and Milk Product Order M&HD Medical and Health Department VO Veterinary Officer VDR Veterinary Drug Residue WHO World Health Organisationa  Integrated Livestock Pest Management Livestock pest can be divided in to two categories: 1.External Parasites 2.Internal Parasites External pest includes mites, flies, fleas, ticks, lice and some accidental parasites eg.mosquitoes,leeches are common.They are causing restlessness, pyrexia, and many related symptom leading to reduced production of milk,meat and wool in the livestock. Remedials: ( A) Precautions: 1. Maintain hygienic conditions in animal houses 2. Provide clean drinking water 3. Daily Grooming 4. Spread lime in animal houses 5. Fumigation once in a year ( B ) Curatives: 1. Tropical medicines are used for the removal of external parasites. 2. Injectable medicines are also prescribed in serious cases. 3. Dipping of animals Project Strategy: 1. Medicines will be used in proper doses/ concentrations to avoid side effects. 2. Banned medicines / Preparations would not be used in the project area.. 3. On priority basis Herbal / Ayurvedic medicines will be prescribed. 4. Veterinary camps and mass drenching campaigns will be organized. 5. Farmers training programs for creating awareness and dissemination of technical knowledge. 6. For dipping of sheep portable and folding plastic tanks are used. External Pest Management Strategy SN Pest Pesticides/Remedials Frequency Antidots/Remedials 1 . Fleas Gammexine Tropical application Anticeptic Herbal cream 2. Lice BHC/ Organo- 2 dips at an interval Atropine Sulphate chloride dips of 10-14 days & 4 dips I/V /year or I/M 3. Mites Organo-chlorine/ 2-3 dips at an interval Atropine Sulphate Organo-Phosphorous of 10 days & 4 dips I/V compond 1-2% dips /year or I/M repeated in 30 minutes 4. Ticks Organo-Phosphorous 2 dips at an interval Atropine Sulphate compond 1-2% of 10 days & 4 dips/ I/V year or I/M 5. Leech Chloroform As and when required Prussic Acid/ Ammonia inhalation 2  Method of disposal: 1. Low concentration residue pesticide solution will get deoxide and treated with lime before disposal. 2. All dipping programs will be organised in the presence of veterinarian to minimize the risk of toxicity. 3. Burial of residue is a reasonably safe method, if done 1.5 meter deep enough with soil and lime, and no drainage to neighbouring places. Internal Parasite includes round worms,tape worms, and flukes.There are various type of blood protozoa also affecting the livestock well being and productivity. Remedials: (A) Precausions: 1. Maintain hygienic conditions in animal houses. 2. Provide clean drinking water. 3. Avoid grazing in snail infested area.. 4. Spread lime in animal houses. 5. Follow pasture management and restricted grazing practices. 6. Destroy intermediate host to check the spread of infestation. ( B ) Curatives: 1. Oral drugs are administered for the expulsion of parasites. 2. Injectable medicines are also prescribed in serious cases. Project Strategy: 1. Medicines are used in proper doses/ concentrations to avoid side effects. 2. Banned medicines are not used in the project area.. 3. On priority basis Herbal / Ayurvedic medicines are used. 4. Organisation of Veterinary camps and farmers training programs for awareness. Veterinary camps, Vaccination compaign and mass drenching drives will be organized, to deliver animal disease curative and prophylactic services at farmers door-step.The veterinary remedials may lead to body stress,muscular irritation,dairrhoea, pyrexia,pain etc leads to decrease in production of milk, meat and fiber of sick animal.The drug residue may be excreted in milk and also found in muscle fiber.The drug residue have serious public health concerns in project area.The Zoonosis and Public Health concerns are of equal importance. Mitigating Measures: In veterinary camps antibiotics, anthelmentics, sulph drugs,and supportive medicines with minimum side as well as residual effects will be prescribed. 1. Antibiotics,anthelmentics, and vaccines will be procured only from highly realiable sources / manufacturers / ISO-2000 / WHO / GMP approved firms. 2. In vaccination compaign vaccine produced through most advance technology will be procured to reduce the side effects and to grain higher immunological titer of antibodies. 3. In veterinary activities will be implemented under the close monitoring and supervision of registered veterinary practicesioners only. 3  4. On priority basis herbal medicines, tropical ointments, oral medication, nutritive fe;ed supplements will be prescribed to reduce the side effects. 5. The animal disease surveillance and monitoring of drug administration will also be supervised at higher level to check the indiscriminate use at lower level. 6. Regular milk and meat samples will be collected from project area and tesced for veterinary drug and pesticide residue in College of Veterinary Sciences, GiB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. 7. Farmers training and awareness programs will be organized to educate the farmers on zoonoses, public health concerns,hygeinic milk production and zoonotic diseases. Monitoring Protocol: The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 to regulate the import, manufacture, distribution and sale of drugs and cosmetics and its subsidiary rules are implemented in the state through Medical and Health Department.The Drug Controller is responsible for the execution of the Act. There is a well established network of medical and health department in the state and through Drug Inspectors the Act being enforced in the state.A list of banned preparation under the Act is annexed herewith for your referance.All these preparations are not being procured in the project. Implementation Modelities: 1.State Level:Drug Controller through Director Animal Husbandry. 2.District Level:Chief Medical Officer/Chief Veterinary Officer. 3.Block Level:Medical Offecer/Veterinary Officer/Executive Officer in municipality. Integrated Fodder Crops Pest Management In the project area in rabi season Barseem / Oat and in kharif season Maize,sorghum,Cowpea fodder crop seeds are distributed and sown by the farmers.It is not a common practice to use the insecticides and pesticides in the fodder crops.Nitrogenous fertilizers are generally used by the farmers to increase the production. In fodder crops insects generally helps in pollination and seed formation. To avoid the incidence of pest in barseem seed can be treated with rhizobium In fodder plantation pest resistant varieties ie Subabool will be planted.In the cultivation of fodder crop the use of organic fertilizers will be promoted and project IPM & IPNM strategy will be followed. Integrated Livestock Produce Pest Residue Management The Livestock produce are contaminated through various means and can be regulated and controlled under various Acts. Monitoring Protocol: The quality of livestock produce are regulated by the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act and Milk and Milk Product Order (MMPO) .The monitoring authority is with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and implemented through sanitary inspectors at the grass root level. 4  In the milk and meat pesticide , biological agents and veterinary drug residues should not exeed the prescribed limits.The use of antibiotics, growth promoters harmones and feed additive is very limited. To identify all potential hazards and determining risk and severity of each hazard can be performed on regular intervals in collaboration of GBPant University of Agriculture & Technology Pantnagar.The research organization will conduct risk analysis process on the bases of experience, survey, published literature and research. The concept of Pest or disease free area or low pest prevelance will be developed. In IWDP,Hill, no animal disease outbreak was reported due to organization of vaccination compaign and veterinary camps in the project area. 5