China - Hubei Shiman Highway Project : environmental impact assessment (Vol. 5 of 6) : Baoxia Zhushan Rural Road environmental impact assessment and environment management plan

World Bank Financed Project Shi-Man Expressway Rural Road Upgrading Project Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road Environment Impact Assessment and Environment Management Plan Hubei Provincial Communications Department Mar. 2004 Wuhan China  CONTENT CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................1I 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND . 1.2 PROGRESS OF EA .1 1.3 PURPOSE OF EA .2 1.4 BASIS OF ASSESSMENT .2 1.5 SCOPE OF THE EA .4 1.6 EA FACTORS .4 1.7 CONTENTS OF EA .4 1.8 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION TARGETS .5 1.9 APPLICABLE STANDARD FOR EA .14 1.10 METHODOLOGY FOR EA .16 CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT .................................. 17 2.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION .17 2.2 FUNCTION OF THE PROPOSED ROAD .17 2.3 CURRENT CONDITIONS OF THE EXISTING ROAD .18 2.4 ROAD ALIGNMENT .19 2.5 EXISTING ROAD UTILIZATION .19 2.6 MAJOR TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS .20 2.7 TRAFFIC VOLUME PROJECTION .21 2.8 BORROWING AND DEPOSIT BALANCE .21 2.9 SOURCE AND TRANSPORTATION OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL .22 2.10 COST ESTIMATE AND FINANCING PLAN ................................ 22 2.11 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ................................ 23 2.12 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................ 23 CHAPTER 3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENT ................................ 26 3.1 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT .26 3.2 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT .26 3.3 ECO-ENVIRONMENT .28 3.4 NATURAL RESOURCE .30 3.5 BASELINE OF ENVIRONMENT QUALITY .30 CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............................... 34 4.1 IMPACT ON ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAND MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................ 34 4.2 IMPACT ON ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENTAND MITIGATION MEASURES .37  4.3 IMPACT ON SURFACE WATER ENVIRONMENTAND MITIGATION MEASURES ........... .................... 41 4.4 IMPACT ON AMBIENT AIR AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................................. 43 4.5 IMPACT OF LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURE ..................... 44 4.6 SOCIAL IMPACT ..................................................................... 44 4.7 IMPACT ON EXISTING TRAFFIC CONDITION AND MITIGATION ....................... ............................. 45 4.8 MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS ................................... 46 4.9 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT ................................... 47 4.10 SAFEGUARDS ASSURANCE AND COMPLIANCE .47 CHAPTER 5 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE .49 5.1 METHODOLOGY .49 5.2 RESULTS .49 5.3 RESPONSE TO PUBLIC CONCERNS .55 5.4 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE .56 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS .58 CHAPTER 7 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN .60 7.1 CONTENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .................... ......................... 60 7.2 MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS ............................................. 60 7.3 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................. 63 7.4 PERSONNEL TRAINING ............................................69........ 69 7.5 COST ESTIMATE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ............................................ 69 List of Maps Map1: Location of Proposed Road in Poverty Area of Hubei Province Map2: Location of Proposed Road in Shiyan City and its Service Function Map3: The Alignment of Proposed Road and Location of Sensitive Spots Map4: Location of Monitoring Spots of Proposed Road Map5: Location of Public Consultation Activities   List of Tables Table 1-5-1 Scopes of Environmental Assessment Table 1-8-1 Sensitive Receptors to Acoustic Environment and Ambient Air Table 1-8-2 Roadside Sensitive Receptors to Surface Water Environment Table 1-8-3 Protection Targets for Ecological and Social Environment Table 1-8.4 Major Protective Socio-economic Targets Table 1-9-1 Applied Surface Water Quality Standard Table 1-9-2 Applied Integrated Wastewater discharge Standard Table 1-9-3 Applied Noise Limit for Construction Site Boundary Table 1-9-4 Applied Noise Limits for Construction Site Table 1-9-5 Applied Ambient Air Quality Standard Table 1-9-6 Applied Soil Corrosion Intensity Classification Table 2-3-1 Technical Parameters of the Existing Road Table 2-5-1 Summary of the Realigned Section Table 2-5-2 Work Quantity Table 2-6-1 Major Technical Specifications Table 2-7-1 Projected Traffic Volume Table 3-2-1 Recent Major Economic Indicators for Affected Area in Year 2001 Table 3-3-1 Vegetation Coverage Rate of Roadside Towns Table 3-3-2 Current Status of Soil Erosion in the Major Roadside Towns Table 3-3-3 Ancient Trees within the Project Area Table 3-5-1 Monitoring result of acoustic environment Table 3-5-2 Water Quality in the Beixing Bridge and Assessment Result Table 3-5-3 Ambient Air Quality and Assessment Result Table 4-2-1 Mitigation Measures in Construction Phase Table 4-2-2 Mitigation Measures against Noise Table 5-1-1 Number of People Surveyed Table 5-1-2 Statistics of the People Surveyed Table 5-1-3 Public Consultation Results Table 5-1-4 Summary of Questionnaire Results Table 5-4-1 Timing, Location and Means of Information Disclosure. Table 7-2-1 Responsibilities for Environmental Management Organizations Table 7-2-2 Main Responsibilities for Supervision Organizations Table 7-3-1 Impact Mitigation Measures Table 7-3-2 Environmental Supervision Plan Table 7-3-3 Environmental Monitoring Plan Table 7-4-1 Personnel Training Program Table 7-5-1 Cost Estimation of Environmental Protection Measures  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Project Background The proposed Baoxia to Zhushan road (Baozhu road) is one of the rural road upgrading components in the Shiyan to Manchuanguan (Shiman) expressway. The HPCD includes this component in the Shiman project with the consideration of the maximizing the benefits of the expressway to the local areas as well as the priority roads in the Shiyan's 2003-2005 road network plan. The rural road upgrading in the Shiman project will be implemented in phases. The first phase includes Baoxia to Zhushan road (this project) and the Jiangjunhe Hanjiang River Bridge. The proposed Baoxia-Zhushan road is located within Yun County and Zhushan County, which are under the jurisdiction of Shiyan municipality of Hubei Province, P. R. China (shown in mapl). In the northwest of Hubei Province in border with Shaanxi, Henan, and Chongqing provinces, this area is characterized by high mountains and rolling terrain. The difficult terrain and geographical features create enormous barrier to road transportation in the area, impeding the reginal economic development of this area and resulting in severe poverty. Both Yun and Zhushan Counties are classified as national-level poverty counties of China, thus the focus for poverty alleviation effort in Hubei Province. Map 1 shows the location of the proposed road in the poverty area of Hubei Province. The existing Baoxia-Zhushan road was constructed in 1979 to the Class 4 standard for highly mountainous regions and has since been in operation for over 20 years. With several upgrading project in the past, some sections of the road have reached the Class 3 standard for highly mountainous region. However poor road conditions still remain in some sections, such as steep slope, narrow surface and zigzag route as well as the dusty dry days and muddy wet days. The Baoxia-Zhushan road is the vital transportation link connecting the north and south of Hanjiang River, as well as the only road transportation to Baozhu and Shuangtai townships. The existing transportation conditions are far from what is needed to support, sustain and promote the regional economic development and in fact have become a limit to even the current regional transportation needs. Clearly, upgrading of the existing Baoxia-Zhushan road is imminent. With considerations of poverty alleviation in the rural area and the World Bank project selection guides, Hubei Provincial Communication Department (HPCD) has applied for a loan from the World Bank to partially finance the rural road upgrading works. Hubei Provincial Transportation Planning and Design Institute was contracted to carry out the feasibility study for the proposed works in November 2002, which was completed in May 2003. Now, HBCPDI is conducting the Preliminary Design of the Project. 1.2 Progress of EA In March 2003, Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute (SSSRI) was retained by  Shi-Uun Expreemy Legend N | Proposed Road Other.Rural Road of Xiaoxiang Expresswa unxi County Xiao-Xiang Expressway Shi-Man Expressway t sm w angbou-Xiiiadia^ Seothan of DbnSun Roedl ! XiaoXiang Rural Road smannKmmusm i'~Provincial Boundry n ( iSp3anja ounty I ----------------- - County Boundry f *tttl; bLaoheko Rivers \ Zhushan County .Guchens Cou ; _ Poverty County of Provincial Level - 5 by ^, C^u,an,xi-XinT tou Roai ? ;t X~iagfap E , v > Poverty County of _J , State Level < l - l ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~Su zho\ it3tS t_J * ** S* t* ~~~~~~+Ji'ngmen CqTy d*' yAS E;i eIHg aoga 2 ; - w } 3 ;i~~~~jchkng City ,* tt , QIX*.p*3 r W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Tami Cz- -i 0 I/ T a*un Fy %<i,* Mapi Location of Proposed Road in Poverty Area of Hubei 4P i d~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~ tA Hu5 j ihJ *Cit Mapl~~~~~~~~~~ ~L Loato of Propose Road in aovert nge ty HueIroic  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road ElA and EMP SSSRI HPCD to undertake Environmental Assessment (EA) for this project. An EA team was formed immediately and conducted preliminary site investigation along the proposed project alignment, initial data collection, and the various forms of consultation with affected public, organizations and local governments during March-April 2002. An environmental baseline monitoring program was then initiated to cover the project area. On the basis of the site investigation, information collection and analysis and baseline monitoring, potential impacts of the project were identified, screened, and assessed. Relevant environmental mitigation measures, corresponding costs, and environmental management plan were then proposed following additional public consultation and disclosure of project information to the public. The draft EA documentation was completed in June 2003. In October, 2003, a World Bank mission conducted an appraisal of the project. According to the Aide Memoir and comments received during the appraisal, the EA team revised this environmental impact assessment report and environmental management plan. In March 2004, a World Bank mission officially appraised the Shiman expressway project including the rural road components. Following comments received from the appraisal, the EA team revised the environmental impact assessment report and environmental management plan. In late March 2004. 1.3 Purpose of EA The EA predicts various environmental and socio-economic impacts of the Project, and analyzes the impacts quantitatively where possible or qualitatively through investigation or monitoring of the physical, biological, and socio-economic environment, and through public consultation along the project area. More specifically, the purposes of the EA are: * To improve the decision-making process by introducing environmental criteria and assessment to design engineers and decision makers and to ensure the Project is environmentally sound and sustainable; * To ensure adverse environmental impacts be identified and evaluated in the earlier stage of the Project development so as to develop appropriate measures including alternative alignments and designs to avoid, mitigate, reduce or otherwise minimize the adverse impacts to acceptable levels; * To develop measures of compensation for the impacts which could not be avoided or mitigated; and To provide a basis for Project executing agency and relevant government agencies to develop and implement plans for environmental management and monitoring. 1.4 Basis of Assessment 1.4.1 World Bank Requirements The World Bank requirements include primarily the Bank's ten safeguards policies, including Operational Policies (OP), Best Procedure (BP), Good Practice (GP) and Operational Directives (OD). These safeguards policies are: * Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP4.01); * Forestry (OP/GP4.36); 2  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI * Natural Habitats (OP/BP4.04); * Safety of Dams (OP/BP4.37); * Pest Management (OP4.09); * Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12); * Indigenous People (OD4.20); * Cultural Property (0P4.11); * Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP7.60); and * Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP/GP7.50). Among these safeguards policies, Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) is the primary requirements and thus the focus of this report. In addition, policies on Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12), Indigenous People (OD4.20), Forest (OP4.36), and Cultural Property (OP4.11) are also applied in the EA at least in the screening stage or full process if triggered. Since no project components will involve international waterways, dam construction or in disputed areas as defined in OP7.60, natural habitats and pest management, policies related to these subjects are not applied in the EA. In addition, the World Bank Financed Project Office of HPCD has contracted another institute to carry out the social assessment, and the resettlement team is responsible for the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). The major findings and conclusions from these other teams are included in this EA. Therefore, the following World Bank safeguard policies are applied in this EA: * Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP4.01); * Forestry (OP/GP4.36); * Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12); * Indigenous-People (OD4.20); and * Cultural Property (OP4.11). 1.4.2 Legal Framework for EA The following laws and regulations form the legal framework for this EA: * Environmental Protection Law of PRC of December 26, 1989; * Land Management Law of PRC of August 29, 1998; * Water and Soil Conservation Law of PRC of June 29, 1991; * Water Pollution Prevention Law of PRC of May 15, 1996; * Noise Pollution Prevention Law of PRC of October 29, 1996; * Air Pollution Prevention Law of PRC of April 29, 2000; * Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Law of PRC of October 30, 1995; * Rules of Environmental Protection Management for Construction Projects, issued by the State Council of PRC; * Measures Concerning with the Environmental Protection and Management for Transportation Construction Projects, issued by MOC; * Rules of Environmental Protection Management for Traffic Construction Project, Hubei EPB, October 1993; 3  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI Notice to Strengthen the Environmental Impact Assessment and Management of Construction Projects Financed by Loan from International Financial Organizations, jointly issued by SEPA, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the People's Bank of China; * Rules for Water Pollution Control of Hanjiang River Basin in Hubei Province, issued by the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Hubei Province, November 27, 1999; * Preliminary Design Report for Baoxia-Zhushan Road under the Rural Road Upgrading Component of Shiyan-Manchuanguan Expressway Project, prepared by Hubei Provincial Transportation Planning and Design Institute; and * Surface Water Function Zoning of Hubei Province, issued by Hubei EPB, January 25, 2000. 1.5 Scope of the EA The EA coverage for this project is presented in the following Table 1-5-1. Table 1-5-1 Scopes of Environmental Assessment Items EA Coverage Socio-economic/cultura Areas within 200 m from the road, and those to be directly impacted I environment by the project. Biologica environmet .Areas within 300 m from the road. Borrow and deposit area and land for temporary occupation Acoustic environment Areas within 200 m from the road's central line. environment Areas within 200 m from the road's central line. Water environment Areas within 200 m from the road's central line and within 1000 m upper stream and downstream from bridges. 1.6 EA Factors Based on the previous experience of EA for road construction and upgrading project, the main environmental factors to be covered in this assessment for the Project are as follows: * Acoustic environment: LAeq * Ambient air: NO,, PMto * Water environment: SS, permanganate index, oil * Eco-environment: land occupation, vegetation loss, and soil erosion * Social environment: Social economy, living quality, and infrastructure 1.7 Contents of EA The contents of EA for this Project have been identified based on the nature of the Project and its geographical location, as follows: * Eco-environment; * Surface water environment (including accident risk analysis) 4  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI * Acoustic environment * Ambient air * Social environment This report places its focus on the biological environment and acoustic environment assessment. 1.8 Environment Protection Targets Based on detailed and thorough site reconnaissance and the information collected from relevant local agencies, the EA team has determined that within the project area there is no natural reserve, significant scenic and cultural sites. The major environment protection targets within the area are the roadside villages, schools, hospitals, and water body where the proposed road will cross. Following sections present the details on these targets: 1.8.1 Protection Targets for Acoustic Environment and Ambient Air The Project will pass through a rolling mountain area with its alignment from north to south through Baoxia Town of Yun County, Shuangtai, Pankou and Chengguan Towns of Zhushan County. Except the roadside areas in Baoxia, Shuangtain and Chengguan Townships where rural residents are relatively concentrated, the remaining road sections particularly those in the Zhushan county have scarce population along the road. In addition, several hospitals and schools scatter along the road. Major protection targets or sensitive receptors identified for acoustic environment and ambient air are presented in Table 1-8.1 and shown in the photographs that follow. Table 1-8-1 Sensitive Receptors to Acoustic Environment and Ambient Air Min. No. of No. Name Location Distance to Scale first row Remarks road center hnetside The hospital is within Baoxia Town of Yun County. It was found in 1985 and 57 classified as the Class A hospital. Central 15-30 m to medical There is a 6-story clinic building and a 1 Hospital of KO+050 15he eas tofmedicaln 3-story ward building which is opposite Baoxia the road 25 ward to the road. There are 57 staff and 25 Town bedse ward beds in the hospital. Simple beds. operations, such as silica, orthopedics and parturition, can be done in the hospital. A big town connecting the southern Yuanxian County and Zhushan County. About 14 The proposed road will pass the edge Baoxia KO+000-K 5b20 m from household of the town. Most of the houses 2 Town 1+700 both sides of s and 60 roadside are for commercial use, but the road people some 2-3 story residential dwellings. Corridor is in between of the bedding rooms and the road. And the windows are noise insulation. About A concentrated roadside village which About ^ t 12is constructed on the terrain. The floor No. 4 35 About 12 m ihrta1h odsrae Group of K6+200-K 5-10 m to househo household is 5 m higher than the road surface. 3 Hetian 6+350 the east side Ids and s and 50 Most of the houses are made of mud Village of the road, 120 people and oriented irregularly. There are 12 Villgeotheraepeople houses at the first row, with 7 side PeoPle facing and 5 right facing the road. . 5  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI Min. No. of No. Name Location Distance to Scale first row Remarks road center hhlreside There are two rows of flat classrooms, Hetian 3-30 m to teach with 5 classrooms closer to the road 4 Primary K6+250 the eastside and 70 and 7 classrooms far from the road. School of the road st d ts The floor surface is 3 m higher than the Schooloftherd students road surface. About A concentrated village at the both sides No. Group 3-10 m to 55 About 12 of the road, and the houses are of the east and househo household oriented irregularly. There are 12 5 Zhaowan K8+650 west side of Ids and s and 45 houses at the first row, 3-10 m from Village the road 200 people the road. 5 houses are right facing the people road, and 7 side facing the road but people without windows. Zhaowan 20 m to the t2each The proposed road will has a shrt-sut 6 primary K11+000 west side of achers- here and lay its alignment through the School the road and 26 east side of the classroom by 20 m. _________ ~~~~students The road will change its route to pass the school at the east side from the 29 west side. The school is layout on a Donghe 5-60 m from teachers slope. There is a 5-story instructional 7 Middle K11+300 the east side and 473 building, a 4-story dormitory building School of the road students and a row of flat houses for accommodating teachers. The play yard and the toilet room are likely to be demolished. About This village sparsely spreads at the 5-15 m from 40 About 9 both sides of the road and layouted on .. Jujapn K11+800- the two househo household the terrain. The houses are of I or 2 unjaping +0K12+000 sides of the Ids and s and 40 stories. about 9 houses at the first row road 160 people are right facing the road, and 5-15 m people I _ from the road. The existing road passes the village About center. Constrained by the roadside 40 m from 120 houses, the radius of the road is too Donghe K12+000- the west househo short. The proposed road will change 9 Village K12+500 side of the Ids and its route and pass the south side of the road 500 village 80 m away. So the village will reo le be avoided by the new road which is people 40 m from the concentrated residential area of the village. There is a 4-story building, and the floor surface of the third story is as 7 high as the surface of the proposed 80 m from d road. The first story is used as the 10 Donghe K12+000 the west doctors dormitory, the second story is used as Hospital side of the and 9 the ward department, the third story is road ward used as the clinic and drug beds department, and the forth story is used as the administrative department. The _________ ___________ building is side facing the road. Tangping 100 m from teah The school is borded with walls. There 11 Primary K22+950 side of the ac er is a 2-story instructional building, 100 School road students m from the road. 6  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI Min No. of No. Name Location Distance to Scale first row Remarks road center hh/reside nt ________________ About No. 2 5-20 m from 55 About 22 A large village at the east side of the 12 Group of K23+100- the east side househo household road. New and old houses mix up. Are Gaoqiao K23+820 of the road Ids and s and 120 24 houses at the first row, with 20 are Village 200 people right facing the road. I ________ people A small river is between the school and Gunzigou the west teachers the road. There is a 2-story 13 Primary K25+700 side ws tead 50 instructional building and is 50 m from School ridd o the and the road. The school is bordered with road students walls. At the east side of the road. The There is a 2-story instructional building, Primary boundary I and the school is bordered with wall. 14 School of K27+900 wall and the teacher The classroom is on the second floor, Yanchi classroom is and 26 and the first floor is occupied by the Village 5m and 20 students villager's committee. m from the road respectively. The east side of the Zuoji road. The 11 There is a 2-story instructional building 15 Prima K37+700 classroom teachers and a flat dormitory which are 5 m from Schmry 3 and the and 224 the road. The surface of the floor is School dormitory is students 5-8 m higher than the road surface. 5 m from the road. 8 There is a 2-story building in the doctors hospital. The first story is lower than Hospital of 5 m from the and 3 the road surface and is used as the 16 Shuangtai K43+700 east side of word dormitory. The second story is used as Town the road rooms the clinic and ward and operation with 6 room. There are 8 doctors who are wih 6able to carry simple operations, such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ as silica, orthopedics and parturition. Shuangtai K43+700- 5 m from Most of the roadside houses are for 17 Town K43+850 bothe road commercial and public uses. About It is a concentrated village with old and No. 2 5-10 m from 30 About 20 new houses mixing up. There are 30 18 Group of K56+300 both sides of househo household households in the village, with 20 are Nankou the road Ids and s and 80 roadside and right facing the road. The Village 1'20 people roadside houses are 5-10 m from the people road. There is a flat house , used as the 5-10 m from 9 dormitory for teachers, is right facing Taoyuan the west teachers and 10 m from the road. There is 19 Primary K56+500 side of the -ac 210 another row of flat houses, used as the School road students warehouse and library, back to the road with windows. The Classrooms are 30 m from the road.  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI A.e. t- - _|F5t -- ~ ~ ~~~~~~- 319Mt No. 4 Group of Hetian Village Hetian Primary school No. 1 Group of Zhaowan Village Zhaowan Primary School Donghe Middle School Junjiaping Village Donghe Village Donghe Hospital 9  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI Tangping Primary School No. 2 Group of Gaoqiao Village Gunzigou Primary School Jianchi Primary School Zuoji Primary School Hospital of Shuangtai Town ~~~~~~~~a* , , _ . -nt Shuangtai Town No. 2 Group of Nankou Village t0 U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * .  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI I~~~~ Taoyuan Primary School Santai Primary School A .. Tianwan School Medical School of Zhushan County Hospital of Zhushan Medical School Chengguan Town of Zhushan Town 1.8.2 Protection Targets for Surface Water Environment The river and other surface water bodies in the project area are abundant. The proposed Project will extend along the rivers in the mountain area. The proposed alignment will wind along three rivers, Dong River, Lanyu River and Beixing River, before reaching its end at Zhushan. These rivers are narrow, less than 15 m and the proposed road will cross these rivers through bridges or culverts several times. The major water environment protection targets are presented in Table 1-8-2 and shown in the following photograph. Dong River  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI Table 1-8-2 Roadside Sensitive Receptors to Surface Water Environment Name of water Applicable Position of river to the road Remarks body standard The road section within KO~K31 is will extend along the river at the Dong River Standard II east side. The road will cross the The roadside residents rely river for several times by tunnels on the water from mountain and bridges. spring. Although the water The road will extend along the quality is good in these Lanyu River at the section rivers, they are not the Lanyu River Standard II K31 -K54. There are several water supply source for the crossings with the river by bridges residents. No concentrated and tunnels. intake for water supply is The road will extend along the found on these rivers. Beixing River Standard II Beixing River at the section K54-81. Lanyu River Beixing River 1.8.3 Protection Targets for Ecological Environment The proposed road is within the highly rolling terrain, including the water source for the National South to North Water Transfer Project. Based on site survey and investigation, the major ecological protection targets are summarized in Table 1-8-3. Table 1-8-3 Protection Targets for Ecological and Social Environment Protection Location Environmental characteristics Impacting objects activities Soil reservation As the project is located in mountainous region Soil reservationtherefore several sections will involve the hill cutting ep dign (deep digging Along the exercise. In addition 2 new tunnels will be cutting, soil and disposal road constructed. Therefore certain amount of spoil will be borrowing and site), produced, which is likely to trigger soil erosion. waste disposal Plants and wild Along the Part of the roadside hills are covered by sparse Road expansion, animal road cypress trees, bamboos and some paddy field. No earth works wild animals are found borrow pit. K7+500 This ancient tree is 7 m high, and 20 m from the road. Photo shows the location of the tree. This tree is 20 m from the road, and surrounded by K23+820 village houses. It is well protected. Photo shows the Deep digging location of the tree. cutting, soil Ancient and K26+900 This tree is 20 m from the road. Photo shows the borrowing and precious trees location of the tree. waste disposal These tree is 200 m from the road, and the Dong and accident K29+650 River is in between. The two ancient trees are in good damage. condition. Photo shows the location of the trees. K33+900 The trees are 5-10 m from the road and one is in good condition. Photo shows the location of the trees. 12  Baoxia^Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI Ancient Tree near K7+500 Ancient Tree near K23+820 Ancient Tree near K26+900 Ancient Trees near K29+650 Ancient Trees near K33+900 1.8.4 Protection Object for Social Environment This proposed road project is welcomed by the local people for its significant social and environmental benefits. However social impacts will be produced by the project. Based on site survey and investigation, the major social protection targets are summarized in Table 1-8-4. 13  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI Table 1-8.4 Major Protective Socio-economic Targets Environment Protection objects Location Environmental characteristics Impacting atlfactors . .activities Low cultivated land per capital Along the value, poor soil. About 117.16 mu Road Land acquisition ong te land will be occupied, and no wid road structures will be demolished by widening the project. Social The current traffic will be environment Traffic safety Along the interrupted during implementation, Road road affecting the daily life of roadside construction people. Irrigation structures Along the Road road _ construction Human health Along the Construction camp and human Daily life ______ ______ _____ ______ _____ road settlem ent center 1.9 Applicable Standard for EA According to the Technical Guideline for EA and EA Specifications for Road Project (interim edition), the following standards are applied for the EA. 1.9.1 Surface Water Although the affected rivers are small and they have not been planned for particular protection functional uses, these rivers confluence with the Hanjiang River, the water source of the national South to North Water Transfer Project. According to the advices of EPBs from Yun and Zhushan Counties, these small rivers will be evaluated by Class II of Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), and Class I of the Water Standards for Agricultural Irrigation (GB 5084-92) are applied in this EA (see Table 1-9-1 for detail). Class I of the Integrated Wastewater discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) is applied in this EA for wastewater discharge (see Table 1-9-2 for detail). Table 1-9-1 Applied Surface Water Quality Standard (Unit: mg/Il) Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) Item CODc&_ 15 Permanganate index, 4 OilK 0.05 SS, 150 Note: the data is from the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) Table 1-9-2 Applied Integrated Wastewater discharge Standard (unit: mg/l) Pollutant COD cr Oil SS Class I 100 10 70 Note: the data is from the Integrated Wastewater discharge Standard (GB8978-1996). 1.9.2 Acoustic Environment 14  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI Noise Limits for Construction Site (GB12523-90) are applied in the assessment for noise impacts in construction phase (Table 1-8-3). For residential areas, Class IV of Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area (GB3096-93) is applied for assessment of noise impact in operation phase. For sensitive receptors such as schools and hospitals, the more stringent standards, Class I, in GB3096-93 are applied. Detailed standards are given in Table 1-9-3 and 1-9-4. Table 1-9-3 Applied Noise Limit for Construction Site Boundary Unit: dB(A) Noise limit Construction stage Major source of noise Daytime Night time Structuring Concrete mixer, etc. 70 55 Finishing Crane, elevator 65 55 Note: the data is from the Noise Limits for Construction Site (GB12523-90) Table 1-9-4 Applied Noise Limits for Construction Site unit: dB(A) Classification Daytime Nighftime Applicable zone 1 55 45 Residential, culture & education zone 4 70 55 Both sides of trunk roads Note: the data is from the Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area (GB3096-93) 1.9.3 Ambient Air The ambient air quality is evaluated against Class II in the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996), listed in Table 1-9-5. Table 1-9-5 Applied Ambient Air Quality Standard unit: mg/Nm3 Pollutant NOx NO2 PM10 Measureti Daily average 0.1 0.12 0.15 Hourly average 0.15 0.24 Note: the data is from the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996), 1.9.4 Eco-environment EA Specifications for Road Project (interim edition) has been applied to assess soil corrosion conditions of the project area, the indicators for classification are presented in Table 1-9-6 below. Table 1-9-6 Applied Soil Corrosion Intensity Classification Class Corrosion ratio (t/k2.year) I Weak corrosion (with apparent trace) 1000 11 minor corrosion 1000-2500 Ill moderate corrosion 2500-5000 IV strong corrosion 5000-8000 V Significant corrosion 8000-15000 VI Severe corrosion >15000 Note: the data is from the EA Technical Guidelines for Road Projects (interim edition) 15  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI 1.10 Methodology for EA The EA applies as its principle for the methodology of focusing on key (sensitive) sites, cover selected sections and reflecting the entire project area. Site investigation and collected data analysis are the primary methods for the assessment of social and economic impacts, as well as ecosystem impacts assessment. Analogy analysis method is applied for assessing acoustic environment and ambient air impacts. Analogy analysis method is also applied for assessing soil corrosion and water environment. Extensive public consultation is conducted to understand and address the concerns from the directly affected public. 16  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI Chapter 2 Overview of the Project 2.1 Geographical Location The proposed road is located within Shiyan city which is at the northwest of Hubei Province. The proposed road will cross Yun and Zhushan Counties under the jurisdiction of Shiyan City. The project area is an inter-provincial joint area of Hubei, Henan and Shaanxi provinces. It is bordered by Xiangfan city of Hubei Province to the east, Ankang Region of Shaanxi Province to the west, Shennongjia Region and Chongqing City to the south and by Shangluo Region of Shaanxi Province and Nanyang City of Henan Province to the north. This area is bounded by Qinling Mountains to the north and Daba Mountain to the south, with the Hanjiang River flowing through. It is a highly mountainous region and an important corridor for Huazhong (Middle China) Region to connect the Xinan region (Southwest China) and Xibei region (Northwest China). The proposed project is the most important south-north corridor of this region. Map I and 2 show the geological location of the proposed project. 2.2 Function of the Proposed Road Shiyan City relies primarily on road and railway transportation followed by water shipping. There is presently a transportation network in the region. Xiang-Yu Railway is the major railway traversing the city, while the water shipping service is largely concentrated on Hanjiang River and Du River. The road network which is built on a 'three horizontal and three vertical" grid has been formed by the trunk roads, national and provincial level road, and the rural roads connecting the counties and villages. Map 2 shows the position of the project as well as the regional network. The first "horizontal line" refers to the Danyun Road, Yunman Road and Shanghu Road, which connect the Xiangfan City, the Jiangbei area of Danjiangkou City, Jiangbei area of Yun County and Yun County before entering into Shaanxi Province. The second "horizontal line" refers to the new G316 road, which connects Xiangfan City, Jiangnan area of Danjiangkou City, Shiyan City and the Jiangnan area of Yun County, before entering Baihe County of Shaanxi Province. The third "horizontal line" refers to the S305 road, which connects Xiangfan City, Fan County, Zhuanshan County and Zhuxi County, before entering Shaanxi Province. The first "vertical line" refers to the road line connecting Dabakou to Yangwei road which extends from Hanjing bridge to Zhuxi road, Zhuxi to Zhenping road linking from north to south Sha'anxi province, Yunxi county, Baihe river, Zhushan county, Zhuxi county and finally reaching Chongqi city. The second "vertical line" refers to the road Yunxi to Yangwei road, through Hanjiang bridge to Baoxia to Zhushan road, i.e., this proposed road and then linking Zhushan to Xianba road through Yunxi, Yun, Zhushan counties and finally to Chongqi city via county and village roads. The third "vertical line" refers to G209 entering Hubei province from Hunan province and linking Jiangbei district of of Yun county, Hanjiang river, Shiyan city, Fangxian to the south and reaching the Shinongjiang area. These roads form an inter-connected transportation network linking various regions in Shiyan city as well as Hubei, Sha'anxi, Henan, Chongqi provinces/municipality. 17  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI The proposed Baoxia to Zhushan road is one of the key links in the above network connecting G316 to the north and S305 to the south. This road is presently the mostly important south-north transportation corridor for Yun and Yunxi counties north of Hanjiang river to the Zhushan, Zhuxi counties to the south and via other elements of the road network to Shiyan and other cities as well as Sha'anxi and Chongqi. In addition, while the proposed project does not intersect with any railway, it is the key linking road towards Shiyan and Hujia railway stations for freight and passenger train transportation. Clearly, the proposed project play an important road in the regional road network with key service function. As part of the great Develop China's West campaign and develop the regional economy, Shiyan is now planning or in construction of Hanshi and Shiman expressways. As an important element in the local road network, the project road, together with others will be the key connecting roads to the expressways. This further strengthens the importance and significance of the project. 2.3 Current Conditions of the Existing Road The existing Baoxia-Zhushan road was constructed in 1979 to the Class 4 standard for highly mountainous region. It has since then been operating for over 20 years. With several upgrading works, some sections of the road have reached the Class 3 standard for highly mountainous region. However poor road conditions still remain on some sections, such as steep slope, narrow surface and zigzag route. Especially on Sanguan section which connects the Yun County and Zhushan County, the sight distance and supporting facilities are inadequate to guarantee safe drive. In harsh weather conditions, especially raining or snowing days, the road surface is poached leading to frequent serious traffic accidents including collisions and overturn. As it is the vital transportation corridor linking the north and south parts of Hanjiang River, and the only way for Baozhu and Shuangtai Towns to out, but the existing transportation conditions are far from what is needed to sustain and promote the regional economic development, and limit the current and future growth in regional transportation and outing. The need for existing road upgrading is imminent. The plots show the current road condition. The major technical parameters of the existing road are presented in Table 2-3-1. 18  Baoxia-Zhushan Rural Road EIA and EMP SSSRI Table 2-3-1 Technical Parameters of the Existing Road No. Item Standard 1 Category of road Class IlIl and IV in high hilly region 2 Width of lane (m) 3X2 3 Width of road bed (m) 7.5 4 Min. Radius of plane curve(m) 12 5 Max. Longitudinal grade (%) 10 2.4 Road Alignment The proposed Project is oriented south-north, starting from Baoxia Town of Yun County, ending at Chengguan Town. The total linear length of the proposed road is 82.248 km. The proposed road will start from the "T" intersection between G316 road and Baoxia Town of Yun County, pass toward south along Xixian, Zhaowan Village, Junjiaping Village, Donghe Village and Gaoqiao Village before reach Lazhu Mountain which is a joint area of Yun County and Zhushan County. The existing road traverses through Lazhu Mountains for 4 km. Due to the poor road condition on this mountain road section, the Communication Bureau of Zhushan County is raising fund to construct a 760 m SanGuan tunnel to replace - the winding mountain road (At present, the tunnel is under construction and will be completed by the end of 2004. The tunnel is not part of this World Bank financed project. The construction situation is shown on picture on the right) . This proposed road will use the new tunnel to connect Shuangtai Town of Zhushan County. Then the proposed road will extend along Lanyu River to pass through Shuangtai Town, and along Beixing River to Nankou Village and Tianwan Village of Pankou Town. At last the proposed road will reach its ending point on Renmin Road in Chengguan Town of Zhushan County which connects with the S305 Road. Map 3 shows the proposed alignment of the road. 2.5 Existing Road Utilization The proposed road will be upgraded to the standard for Class 3 mountain road. The total length of 82.248 km, the road bed will be 8.5 m wide and the width of the road surface is 7 m. The average driving speed will be 30 km/h. The upgrading works include: * Earth work for roadbed expansion, and pave asphalt. * Increase the turning radius. * Removal of steep slope, to increase the sight distance. * Complete drainage system and safeguard facilities. * Install road control and safety signs. * Complete bridge. 19  1~~ - ,. K 5 2 0TawnSho LL.. .*, -t>^. 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