E1 009 Volume 1 I_ | l The United Republic of Tanzania I I LOCAL GOVERNMENT SUPPORT PROGRAMME (LGSP) I I I ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK l l FINAL * I March 26, 2004 I Il L i ,~~~ FILE COPY I.. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. List of Acronyms 3 Executive Summary 5 1. Introduction 8 2. Objectives of the Environmental and Social Management Framework 10 - 3. Description of the proposed project 11 _ 4. Potential environmental and social impacts of future sub-projects 13 _ 5. Proposed environmental and social screening process for sub-projects 15 _ 6. Capacity building for environmental and social management 23 _ 7. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for LGSP 29 - Annex 1: Environmental and Social Screening Form 31 Annex 2: Environmental Checklist 37 Annex 3: Guidance for carrying out EIA 47 Annex 4: Summary of World Bank Safeguard Policies 50 Annex 5: Summary EMP for LGSP 53 _ Annex 6: National Medical Waste Management Plan 55 2 I I I W/DFT Ward/District Facilitation Team WDC Ward Development Committee WEC Ward Environmental Committee I * ~WPT Ward Planning Team I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 I l__ l I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Since the 1980s, the Government of Tanzania has made efforts at economic and social reforms including changing its planning and budgeting systems, combating corruption, and policy reforms in many sectors, including a multi-party political system. In 1997, the Government prepared a Poverty Eradication Strategy and in 2000, the Government articulated its long-term development Vision 2025. In institutional terms, a major shift has occurred towards decentralization. The Local Authorities Acts of 1982, the Village Land Act of 1999, The Local Government Reform Agenda 1996 - 2000 and The Local Government Reform Programme (LGRP) have all contributed towards achieving this aim. In order to meet the above objectives of poverty reduction and decentralization strategies, the Government of Tanzania (President's Office: Regional Administration and Local Government, PO-RALG) and the World Bank, with support from the Donors who form the Common Basket Fund, are preparing a new credit - the Local Government Support Programme (LGSP), which will provide funding to Local Government Authorities (LGAs) for a variety of purposes, including investments in local infrastructure. The overall objectives of the proposed LGSP are to (i) improve the access of communities and specifically the poor, to local services through expanding the physical stock of new and rehabilitated local infrastructure; and (ii) enhance the delivery and management capabilities, productive efficiencies, and financial sustainability of local governments. Local governments and communities will access the capital grant funds to finance sub- projects for which they are mandated as provided for under the Local Government Acts, 1982. It is envisaged that the LGAs will utilize the funds for capital investments mainly in small-scale infrastructure such as classrooms, water development, sanitation, roads, health care centers, bridges, health infrastructure rehabilitation etc. To ensure that these future sub-projects (under Component 1) are implemented in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner, LGSP has prepared an environmental and social screening process - an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) that will allow implementers to identify potential negative environmental and social impacts during the sub-project planning stage. The key highlights in this ESMF are presented as follows: First, the ESMF outlines an environmental and social screening process for sub-projects which will enable the local governments and local communities to simultaneously identify potential environmental and social impacts of sub-projects and to address them by incorporating the relevant mitigation measures into the designs of the sub-projects before they submit them for review and subsequent approval. The main feature of this mechanism requires the Planning Teams of sub-projects at the different LGA levels - Village/Mtaa/Ward/Town Council Planning Teams (assisted by District Facilitation Teams) and the District Management Teams at the District/Municipal 5 I l I I Councils - to screen their sub- projects at the preparation stage using the environmental and social screening form in Annex 1 and the environmental and social checklist in Annex 2 to identify and mitigate potential adverse effects/impacts. The subsequent environmental and social assessment work - if required - will be carried out based on the screening results and related recommendations. * It is envisaged that the sub-projects to be supported by LGSP will be small, driven by local communities in urban and rural areas. The vast majority of the anticipated impacts is likely to be short-term, site specific, confined and reversible and can be managed through the application of the mitigation and monitoring measures. Thus, a process of environmental and social screening and assessment using simple methods (checklists) and procedures (existing LGAs structures) rather than more complex ELAs are recommended for this ESMF. The sub-project proposals would describe any investment designs/plans/measures that have been incorporated into the proposals. The respective Environmental Committees/District Environmental Officer would review the proposals for compliance with the results and recommendations from the environmental and social screening process. The next step would be for the environmental review committees to recommend approval to the respective local government council of the sub-project proposal, subject to the environmental and social conditions the implementer must adhere to in the detailed planning, construction and operation of the investment. The environmental review committee may reject sub-project proposals based on non-compliance with the environmental and social screening process, and the implementers in that case would have to re-screen and re-design their sub- projects and re-submit them for a second review. Thus, in terms of institutional arrangements, sub-project implementers at the different LGA levels - Village/Mtaa governments, Ward Development Committees, and technical departments at the District/Municipal Councils - will be responsible for overseeing the screening and preparation of individual sub-project mitigation measures, including resettlement action plans, and implementation of agreed mitigation measures according to the plans. The Environmental Committees/District Environmental Officers will monitor and supervise compliance with requirements of this ESMF and report progress back to the Project Coordination Unit (PCU) at the President's Office - Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG) and the National Environment Management Council (NEMC). NEMC will perform an enforcement monitoring role for the overall LGSP supported by the LGAs based on submissions and recommendations from the Environmental Committees at the different LGA levels, the District Environmental Officer, and by the District Management Team (who would perform a self monitoring role). Second, the implementation of the ESMF will aim at strengthening community participation, empowerment and ownership of the environmental and social assessment I Z ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6 and sub-project implementation process. Environmental and social issues will be covered in the participatory assessment leading to the selection of the sub-project and in subsequent design. The Planning Teams and District Facilitation Teams will strive for transparency by raising awareness of the recipient communities, reviewers, and approval councils on issues of environmental and social concern related to the sub-project to enable them to make informed decisions. Methods of awareness raising will be in line with current practices for participatory project planning using Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRAs) and other participatory exercises, and the O&OD planning methodology developed by the PO-RALG. Third, the ESMF assesses the capacity at the District/Municipal Council level and Lower Local Governments (LLG) to implement the proposed screening process and mitigation measures, including the provision of support to communities in cases of community- managed sub-projects. Implementation of the LGRP which was developed to operationalize the Tanzania Government' s policy and strategic decisions for a decentralised local government, has been slow. Lack of capacity at PO-RALG, Regional Administration, and LGA levels to support and supervise reform implementation has been cited as one of the specific factors that have hindered implementation of reforms. This might have a direct bearing on the proposed ESMF, particularly regarding the ability of local governments to implement the required sub-project environmental and social screening process described in (i) above and in the monitoring of the mitigation I measures. The ESMF makes recommendations as appropriate, including training needs and cost estimates. It recommends building capacity at all levels through the provision of training to planning teams, planning facilitation teams, reviewers and implementers. The role of the NEMC in the context of LGSP has been clarified to be one of providing technical assistance and as facilitator for the training program. I This ESMF presents definitive, conclusive and clear procedures consistent with the laws in Tanzania and the World Bank's safeguard policies. * In parallel to this ESMF, a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared. This document outlines the principles and procedures to be followed in the event that a sub-project leads to land acquisition and/or the loss of livelihoods, and therefore will be used in conjunction with the ESMF as required. Both documents will be available in Kiswahili and will be disclosed to the public prior to the appraisal of the Local Government Support Programme (LGSP). Fourth, to facilitate the implementation of the Local Government Support Programme, the ESMF includes a summary of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). This summary EMP (Annex 5) is based on information pertaining to the environmental and social management of sub-projects provided in this ESMF, particularly capacity building for environmental management for local level governments. It clearly indicates the I institutional responsibilities with regard to implementing mitigation measures, monitoring of the implementation of these mitigation measures and related cost estimates * and time horizons. I 7 l 1 i 1.0 Introduction The Local Government Reform Agenda 1996-2000, sets out the Govemment's vision, objectives, strategies, and key activities for a decentralised local government. The decentralisation process is envisaged as providing improved services to the local communities through greater participation in the identification of local needs and priorities. Improved accountability and transparency requirements will drive higher performance in financial and other management. The Agenda envisages democratically elected, autonomous local authorities, which are adequately resourced in terms of finance and suitably qualified staff. To attain the policy objectives, an implementation programme for the Reform Agenda, the Local Government Reform Programme (LGRP), was instituted. To date, the L-GRP has concentrated largely on the development of institutional and legal frameworks required for a decentralised system of local government. In order to meet the above objectives of the Local Government Reform Agenda and the Poverty Reduction Strategy, the Government of Tanzania (President's Office: Regional Administration and Local Government, PO-RALG) and the World Bank, with support from Donors who form the Common Basket Fund, are preparing a new credit - the Local Government Support Programme (LGSP), which will provide funding to local authorities for a variety of purposes, including investments in local infrastructure. The overall objectives of the proposed LGSP are: to (i) improve the access of communities and specifically the poor, to local services through expanding the physical stock of new and rehabilitated local infrastructure; and (ii) enhance the delivery and management capabilities, productive efficiencies and financial sustainability of local governments. Administratively, Tanzania is divided into three levels of local governments whereby each level has statutory functions with respect to development planning. The higher Local Government Authorities (LGAs) are District, Municipal, and City Councils; the second level are Town Councils and Wards; and, the third level, Village and "Mtaa" Councils, are found at the community level. Districts are LGA's that are found in rural or semi-rural settings. Each district is subdivided into Wards, that in turn are divided into Villages, and these consist of Hamlets ("Vitongoji"). Municipal Councils are subdivided into Municipal Wards, followed by sub-wards or "Mtaa". There are two city councils: Dar es Salaam City Council, which is sub-divided into 3 Municipal Councils (Temeke, Ilala, and Kinondoni) and Mwanza City Council. The District Councils, City Councils, Municipal Councils, and Village Councils are body corporates. There are 21 regions in Mainland Tanzania and five in Zanzibar. The regions are further subdivided into 130 Districts (Zanzibar 10, mainland 120). Currently, there are 114 Local Government Authorities (LGAs) in Mainland Tanzania of which 92 are District Councils; 2 are City Councils; 12 are Municipal Councils; and 8 are Town Councils. An additional 7 LGAs are to be established by 2005. At the moment, the initial LGSP universe is likely to contain 35 LGAs including 10 urban and 25 rural authorities, representing 13 of the regions, and with good representation of the poor regions. The proposed regions are Tanga, Dar es Salaam, I 8 8 l l Morogoro, Kilimanjaro, Arusha, Mwanza, Kagera, Tabora, Singida, Iringa, Mbeya, Ruvuma and Rukwa. The total population of these pilot LGAs is about 11,719,513 (9,161,484 rural and 2,558,029 urban) constituting about 32% of the country's population. With adoption of an up-scaling strategy, ultimately the programme will involve all LGAs in the country. I It is envisaged that LGSP will fund capital investments mainly in small-scale infrastructure sub-projects; the size and location of these sub-projects is not known at this time. Thus, to enable implementers at local government levels to identify and assess the potential environmental and social impacts of their sub-projects during the planning stage, an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) has been prepared for their use. They will apply this ESMF in conjunction with the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) which is designed to address social issues related to land acquisition. The RPF has been prepared as a separate document; it outlines the principles and * procedures to be followed in the event that any of the sub-projects involve land * ~~~acquisition. At the district level, likely infrastructure investments (primarily under Component 1) ranging in costs from $250 to $500,000 per sub-project may include (i) construction/rehabilitation of springs and wells, hand dug irrigation canals, shallow and 3 deep boreholes, wind powered pumps or storage tanks; (ii) provision of sanitation systems such as septic tanks, storm water drainage, small town sewerage treatment works, or rehabilitation/expansion of existing sanitation schemes; (iii) rehabilitation of classrooms, school access roads, school footpaths and pedestrian bridges, rehabilitation/expansion of existing education infrastructure; and (iv) construction/rehabilitation of health posts, health centers, rehabilitation/expansion of existing health infrastructure. At the village level, similar investments in sub-projects - ranging in costs from $250 to $25,000 per sub-project are planned in the areas of water supply, sanitation, education, health, rural access roads, construction of market places, 3 community grain stores, and village halls. Under Component 2, LGSP will directly address growing concerns about urban poverty, by supporting a targeted program - Dar es Salaam Community Infrastructure Upgrading Program (CIUP) - to upgrade basic infrastructure and services - roads and footpaths, drainage, street light, public toilets and solid waste management in the unplanned settlements of Dar es Salaam. Since these sub-projects were known at the time of project preparation, the project has prepared separately a Community Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) and a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). These documents - ESMF, RPF, CEMP and the RAP - will be reviewed and approved by the Government of Tanzania and the World Bank. The Government will arrange for a translation of these documents into Kiswahili and subsequent disclosure in Tanzania in locations that are accessible to the general public, local communities, project-affected groups, local NGO's and all other stakeholders. The Government will authorize the World Bank to disclose the afore-mentioned documents at its Infoshop. The disclosure of all these documents will have to occur prior to appraisal of the LGSP. I g 11~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ l I U 2.0 Objective of the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) The ESMF has been prepared as an environmental and social screening tool to be used by implementers at local level governments (Village governments and Urban Sub- ward("Mtaa") governments) during the sub-project planning stage. The objective of this ESMF is to assist local level governments in identifying and mitigating the potential environmental and social impacts of their sub-projects. It also includes provisions for training of existing staff to strengthen the environmental management capacity at the | level of local governments. Should the environmental and social screening results indicate that any of the planned sub-projects will lead to land acquisition or loss of livelihoods, the local authorities will apply the principles and procedures for compensation outlined in the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). The RPF has been prepared as a separate document which will be used in conjunction with this ESMF to ensure that social impacts due to future sub- project activities are appropriately mitigated. The preparation of this ESMF was carried out on the basis of literature reviews (review of project documents, ESMFs and checklists for other projects such as the Participatory Agricultural Development and Empowerment Project (PADEP) and the Second Social Fund (TASAF II), as well as a review of Tanzania's environmental policies and laws). Discussions were held with government officials at the national level in Dar es Salaam i.e. the National Environment Management Council (NEMC), and field visits to urban and rural local authorities i.e. Municipal Councils and District Councils were undertaken where interviews were held with the management of these local governments. In response to interview questions, officials provided the following information: > Guidelines for project implementers on how to carry out EIA were provided by the Government in about 50% of the cases; in the remaining cases they were provided by donors and NGOs; > Difficulties encountered in implementing these guidelines were primarily due to a lack of resources (no facilities, no transport, high reproduction costs); environmental ignorance, and compliance problems; > Mechanisms used to ensure that guidelines are followed include reliance on by- laws, local committees and councils, and environmental education (including training provided by donors and mass mobilizations); > More than half (60%) of project implementers had carried out EIA on their projects; and > About 50% of the council members interviewed had received EIA training. The above information clearly indicates a need for improving the usefulness and * implementation of EIA guidelines, addressing compliance problems, and further enhancing EIA capacity of local level governments. I 10 I lI l I 3.0 Description of the proposed project Component 1: Capital grant facility to local councils. This component will have two sub-components: (a) the Capital Grant Programme (CGP); and (b) the Capacity Building Grant Programme (CBGP). The CGP will comprise a non-sectoral conditional grant, distributed on a formula basis between local authorities which fall into the pilot (or target) group, that will provide funds to local authorities to invest in local infrastructure in accordance with local needs as these are determined through local participatory planning and budgetary processes. Although all local authorities within the target group will be eligible to receive CGP funding, actual access to the grant will be determined by capacity and accountability conditions which will be designed to incentivise improvements within the beneficiary local authorities in these areas. The CGP thus be closely related to local capacity building activities, to be supported through sub- component (b) - the Capacity Building Grant - which will provide resources to local authorities for the capacity building activities which the CGP incentivises. The grants will be targeted to a limited number of local governments which will provide the pilot sample, the size and composition of which will be determined during project preparation. Other important design issues - including the nature of the allocation formula, the specific access conditions (criteria), the character of the annual assessment process, and so on - will also be addressed during project preparation. At this time, it is anticipated that the credit will last for a period of four years. Depending on its success, the system piloted by the CGP will be expanded to additional local authorities in Tanzania after the project has closed. The purposes, structures and conditionalities of the CBGP and CGP will differ. Although both will be formula-driven, the CBGP will be designed in such a way as to make it widely (but not automatically) available to all local authorities on which component 1 will be targeted. The CGP, on the other hand, will provide capital to local authorities for investment in new and rehabilitated local infrastructure so as to incentivise capacity building, strengthen the institutional and fiscal positions of local governments and deepen accountability at the local level. In this context, the following properties of the CGP should be noted: (i) Although the grant will be non-sectoral, local authorities will not have unlimited discretion regarding the type of infrastructure or capacity in which they invest. Broad expenditure parameters will be set in accordance with the PRSP, i.e. CGP funds will only be available for expenditure on local services and infrastructure priority sectors such as education, health, water, local roads and drainage and on basic urban services such as refuse removal. (ii) The grants will be focused on capital rather than recurrent expenditure. They will be designed both to ensure that the risks of contributing to unsustainable recurrent cost burdens at the local level are minimized and that local revenue enhancement efforts are maximized in order to ensure sustainability over time. Component 2: Community infrastructure upgrading and institutional strengthening in Dar es Salaam. This component will have two sub-components: Sub-component (a) will comprise a community infrastructure and service delivery upgrading sub-component targeted at low income, unplanned, and unserviced residential areas in Dar es Salaam. I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~11 11 III I I I I, , l This will enable local authorities in Dar es Salaam to significantly and rapidly improve access to infrastructure and services in an estimated 20% of its "unplanned" areas (70% of Dar es Salaam's settlements by land area). In this sub-component, the Dar es Salaam local governments will engage communities in a participatory process to prioritize, design and implement Community Upgrading Plan s (CUPs) which will be formulated by the affected communities in consultation with the local authorities. Participating communities and their required investments will be identified as part of project preparation, using an agreed selection process which will involve an assessment of factors such as the level of deprivation, degree of physical difficulties for upgrading, and community mobilization or cohesiveness. The CUP process will entail a series of ongoing consultations, the use of secondary and selected primary data, and the consideration of factors such as community priority and the overall budget envelope. Parameters of investment cost per capita, per hectare, and other sector norms will also be established as an input to CUPs. The component will be implemented in two phases, one of which will be designed in detail before appraisal. Each phase will comprise a maximum of three communities in each municipality. As recent World Bank evaluation shows, following a four-year effort to improve governance in Dar es Salaam (under the City Commission), the four newly established local authorities responsible for the city (City Council and three Municipal Councils) are in a position of reasonable fiscal and institutional stability, but - as a result of resource, capacity and other constraints - have very limited ability to deliver services widely. This has negative consequences both, for the residents of the city - particularly the poor, who are neglected most as a result of these constraints - and for the city's economic performance. The report identified substantial scope for improvement in the performance of local revenues and indicated that this will be necessary if the scope and depth of service delivery in the city is to be improved. Funding the maintenance and operational requirements of the infrastructure developed under components 1 and 2(a) of the LGSP will also place an increased financial burden on the Dar es Salaam local authorities. * Building on some initial improvements to the property tax system introduced under the Urban Sanitation Rehabilitation Project (USRP), LGSP subcomponent (b) will support improvements in local tax and non-tax revenue enhancement, focusing on strengthening data, administration and collection systems. Sources where the most significant gains stand to be made will be prioritized e.g. property tax where activities will include the improving and updating of valuation rolls, improving the efficiency of valuation systems and procedures, overhauling the collection system, and so on. Component 3: Capacity building at the regional and national levels, and supporting program management, monitoring and evaluation. This component will focus on capacity building in two areas: (a) strengthening of capacity within PO-RALG and the Regional Secretariats to administer, monitor and support the local government system; and (b) capacity to implement the LGSP itself. Sub-component (a) will provide technical assistance, training and essential IT for PO-RALG and the RSs to build their capacity to enable them to discharge their mandated role in monitoring and overseeing the local and intergovernmental system in Tanzania, and in supporting the decentralization process. The specific type and scope of the support will be determined in a manner that will 12 I l l K enhanced and complement any ongoing and planned activities in the area of capacity building, including those currently programmed or being prepared by the LGRP and | Common Basket Fund donors. As regards sub-component (b), the program management demands the LGSP will place on PO-RALG and the Dar es Salaam councils will be substantial. For example, an annual evaluation of all local authorities will need to be undertaken in order to determine whether the qualifying local governments are entitled to receive their annual funding allocations as these are determined by formula. Sub-component (b) will provide support for program management functions to PO-RALG and the Dar es Salaam local authorities. It will also provide resources to develop and implement monitoring and evaluation systems for components 1 and 2. A further aspect of component 3 (b) will be the support of technical assistance for refining and establishing the CDG and CBG as progressively more important features of the intergovernmental fiscal system in Tanzania, thus using these instruments as primary initiatives in the decentralization of the development budget in the country. 1 4.0 Potential environmental and social impacts of future sub-projects Although the environmental and social impacts of the future sub-projects cannot be identified and assessed at this time, experience with similar types of investments indicates that the future sub-projects are likely to incur environmental and social impacts requiring mitigation. * Potential environmental impacts due to the construction of schools, health care centers, roads, water supply and sanitation infrastructures or small bridges are likely to incur loss of vegetation, soil and water pollution, and soil erosion. Potential social impacts are likely to relate to traffic safety concerns, a potential increase in water-related diseases as more water supply systems are provided, air and noise pollution, as well as the loss of some livelihoods. Similar impacts are to be anticipated at the locations where borrow pits are either planned or are currently being exploited as sources of construction materials for sub-projects. * It is important to recognize that while the impacts of individual sub-projects are likely to be limited given their size and number, their cumulative impacts over time will be significant. Therefore, identification of the potential impacts during the planning stage is critical. At the same time, it is recognized that the implementation of future sub-projects is going to have significant positive impacts given the current status of infrastructures and other social services in the LGAs covered by the LGSP. For example, in the PRSP, the current status of infrastructures was described as follows: Virtually all feeder roads are earth tracks or gravel roads in poor condition requiring rehabilitation or spot improvements; most of the district roads are earth roads of which only 8% are in good condition, the bulk of the road network requires rehabilitation. 13 l I * Overall, the delivery of education services is inadequate at all levels, both in terms of quantity and quality. * Most of the health problems in both rural and urban areas can be attributed to infectious/communicable diseases or preventable diseases. The main constraint relates to the long-standing public service provision of health care services that discouraged private/individual initiatives. * Rural and peri-urban LGAs in the country are the most underprivileged in terms of provision of water supply and sanitation services. Less than 29% of rural population has access to clean and potable water. The rural water supply coverage by 1999 was 48% (though 40% of the completed water schemes were non- functioning). Access to safe water in urban areas declined from 85% to 65% between 1985 and 1995. The current environmental issue and cause for concern for urban LGAs is the | management of solid and liquid waste - the main problematic areas being unplanned settlements, industrial discharges, and domestic effluent from larger institutions. The main constraint is a lack of proper solid waste disposal facilities and wastewater treatment facilities; chemical pile-ups and hospital wastes are emerging problems. Other environmental challenges for urban LGAs are lack of water supply or chronic shortages of water, and inadequate energy resources. As regards health care waste management, the country has prepared a National Medical Waste Management Plan as part of the HIV/AIDS Project. This plan is being implemented in the context of projects that support health care centers. Hence, sub- projects involving the construction or rehabilitation of health care centers will incorporate the relevant guidance provided under this plan, particularly with regard to training and | safe medical waste management at the level of the health care centers once these facilities become operational. In rural LGAs, the main environmental problems include: * Lack of (safe) water, characterised by chronic shortages in arid areas and degradation of catchments areas and water sources in others. The poor, most of whom live in the rural areas have limited access to clean water for domestic use and crop production and adequate sanitation. Water quality is compromised by pollution from agrochemicals, mining (mercury), siltation from agriculture, mining and quarrying and construction works; and contamination from waste and excreta. * Depletion/degradation of natural resources and biodiversity characterised by diminishing arable land, diminishing pastureland and wildlife habitats, decreased fish stocks etc. | * Land degradation due to shifting cultivation, bushfires, overuse of agrochemicals, and construction works. * Deforestation due to inadequacy of energy resources in urban centers. | Natural hazards: drought and desertification, floods, coastal erosion and earth movements. 14 l l l 5.0 The environmental and social screening process The sections below illustrate the steps involved in the environmental and social screening process leading towards review and approval of sub-projects under the LGSP. The purpose of this screening process is to determine whether future sub-projects are likely to have potential negative environmental and social impacts; to determine appropriate mitigation measures for activities with adverse impacts; to incorporate mitigation measures into sub-project design; to review and approve sub-project proposals, and to monitor environmental parameters during sub-project implementation. The extent of environmental work that might be required for sub-projects prior to construction will depend on the outcome of the screening process described below. Step 1: Environmental and social screening of sub-projects The initial environmental and social screening will be carried out through the use of the Environmental and Social Screening Form (Annex 1). This form will be completed by a qualified member of the Planning Team at the relevant local government level (Village/Sub-wardlMtaa level - assisted by sector-specific committees as necessary) for the purposes of identifying the potential environmental and social impacts, determining their significance, assigning the appropriate environmental category, and proposing appropriate environmental mitigation measures, and carrying out an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), if necessary. To become qualified for this task, the member of the Planning Team will receive training under the LGSP capacity building component. * According to "Tanzania EIA Procedures and Guidelines", the environmental screening procedure can lead to one of the following decisions: * o Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required where the project is known to have significant adverse environmental impacts. o Preliminary environmental assessment is required where the project may have environmental impacts. o Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is not necessary where the project is unlikely to cause environmental impacts. o No further consideration at all for all projects contravening Government policies or other global obligations. * Step 2: Assigning the appropriate environmental categories Tanzania's ETA procedures and guidelines are consistent with the environmental screening categories contained in the Bank's safeguard policy OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment. With regard to LGSP, it is likely that most sub-projects will be categorized as "B", meaning that the potential adverse environmental impacts on human populations or environmentally important areas - including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural habitats - are site-specific, few if any of the impacts are irreversible, and they can | be mitigated readily. I 15 I I l I When a proposed sub-project is classified as category "B", the LGSP will provide funds - as required - for the District Councils and for the Municipal/District/City Councils to consult as needed with NEMC and Environmental Units in the relevant sectoral agencies as well as affected or interested parties, and to hire consultants to carry out environmental work as needed. The District Environmental Officer will assist the qualified member of the Planning Team at the local government level as necessary. Some sub-projects might be categorized as "C" if the environmental and social screening results indicate that the sub-projects will have no significant environmental and social impacts and therefore do not require additional environmental work. Thus, if the screening form has ONLY "No" entries, the sub-project will not require further environmental work, and the District Environmental Officer will recommend approval of this sub-project and implementation can proceed immediately. The environmental category " A" (significant, irreversible impacts) most likely will not apply to the majority of sub-projects to be funded by LGSP. However, implementers will have to pay particular attention to sub-projects involving the rehabilitation/expansion of existing water and sanitation schemes as well as of existing education and health infrastructures. In this regard, the final determination regarding the extent of environmental work required will be made by the District Environmental Officer in consultation with NEMC. Should any EIAs have to be carried out, these would have to be reviewed and approved by NEMC and the World Bank. * Step 3: Carrying out environmental work After reviewing the results of the environmental and social screening process, the District Environmental Officer, working with the respective Planning Teams at the local government level, will determine the extent of environmental work required, that is, whether (a) the application of mitigation measures outlined in the Environmental and Social Checklist (Annex 2) will suffice; or (b) a separate Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) needs to be carried out, using the EIA guidance provided in Annex 3. Environmental Checklist. The Environmental and Social Checklist (Annex 2) is based on the environmental checklist used under the Second Social Fund Project (TASAF II). This Environmental and Social Checklist will be completed by a qualified member of the Planning Team at the local government level, with assistance from the District Environmental Officer as necessary. If there are already existing standard designs, the District Environmental Officer, in coordination with the Planning Team at the local government level, will assess them for impacts on the chosen land site and modify the design to include appropriate mitigation measures. For example, if the environmental screening process identifies contamination of ground water sources due to inappropriate waste disposal as the main impact from the sub-project activity, the mitigation measure would be for the District Environmental Officer and the Planning Team to choose a site far away from the water source so that ground water contamination is not possible and/or incorporate appropriate waste disposal measures into the design such as channeling all waste to a closed system that is 16 l l periodically emptied and disposed of safely. Depending on the scope of such a sub- project, a separate EIA might have to be carried out. Throughout this process the Planning Team at the local government level would be assisted by the District Environmental Officer and ContractorsI. For situations where the environmental and social screening process identifies land acquisition needs that would trigger OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement, then the provisions of the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) referred to earlier would apply. This would require that the Planning Team chooses an alternative land site that does not trigger this policy or, maintain the site that triggers OP 4.12 but prepare a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) consistent with the afore-mentioned RPF. The RAP will be a separate document and will be disclosed separately after being approved by NEMC and the World Bank. Once the District Environmental Officer and the Planning Team at the local government level are satisfied that the designs/sub-project proposals are environmentally and socially compliant, the team will then submit the sub-project proposal/designs to the LGA at the Village/Sub-ward/Mtaa levels, as appropriate. The sub-project documentation must be accompanied by the completed environmental and social screening forms, and where applicable, the RAP. In turn this documentation will be submitted by the implementers to the respective councils for their review and approval. Environmental Impact Assessment. In some cases, the results of the environmental and social screening process may indicate the need to carry out an EIA. In this case, the more complex environmental procedures (from registration, to preparation of EMPs, to issuing of an EIA certificate) as provided for in the National EIA guidelines (NEMC, 1997) will need to be followed. A local Council will have to seek and pay for the services for environmental assessment and reviews from Consultants and experts at NEMC. Such full-fledged EIA requires inputs from teams of specialists/consultants as well as from the District teams and other stakeholders. The steps for carrying out an environmental impact assessment are outlined in Annex 3. 3 Step 4: Review and approval Under the guidance of the District Environmental Officer, the Environmental Committees at the local government levels will review the environmental and social screening results as well as the environmental checklists that were completed in the course of sub-project preparation to ensure that all environmental and social impacts have been identified and successfully mitigated. That is, if the screening form has any "Yes" entries, or evidently unjustified "No" entries, the application would need to adequately explain and demonstrate from its design that the issues raised earlier have been addressed appropriately. The environmental review committee must also ensure that the sub-project As stated in chapter 2, the CGP should cater for investment servicing and monitoring costs thus LGAs could use the funds for environmental and social assessments to ensure that proper environmentally sustainable and socially acceptable investments are made. l 17 I I l I designs include monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation. I If the application has satisfactorily addressed these issues, the environmental review committee will then clear the sub-project and recommend approval of the sub-project to the respective councils at the local level governments. Subsequently, the District Environmental Committee/District Environmental Officer (DEC/DEO) will review LLG sub-project proposals as well as District level sub-projects and if satisfactory, clear and | recommend to the District Council for approval. For cleared sub projects, the District Council will give a conditional approval for detailed planning, construction and operation of the investment. These conditions may include, for example, such measures as public involvement, siting or routing restrictions, construction and operation practices, restoration of disturbed areas, the complete implementation of a resettlement action plan and, construction supervision to ensure the approval conditions are being followed. If the Environmental Committee/District Environmental Officer (EC/DEO) finds that the I w submitted design is not consistent with the requirements of the environmental screening form and the environmental checklist, then the sub-project implementer would be requested to re-design (e.g. make additional modifications and/or choose other sites) and re-screen the project until it is consistent and then re-submit it for review. The respective EC/DEO will then review again the revised application, if now acceptable, will recommend for consideration for approval. If it is not acceptable for the second time, it would be referred back to the implementer for more work e.g. carry out a sub-project EIA in cases where one was not done before or denied clearance altogether. * Any proposed sub-projects that do not comply with the requirements of Tanzania and the World Bank Safeguards policies will not be cleared for approval. A summary of the * World Bank's safeguard policies is contained in Annex 4. This process is designed to ensure that the environmental and social assessment process is part of and conducted during the sub-project design process thereby ensuring that the sub-project activities are environmentally and socially sound and sustainable. I * Step 5: Public consultation and disclosure Public consultations are critical in preparing an effective and sustainable sub-project. This requirement supports the participatory planning process that exists in Tanzania at the local level governments when sub projects are being identified as part of the development and implementation of local development plans for the area. The LGSP being a participatory project, beneficiaries are expected to be directly involved in the whole project cycle right from the design, to implementation and monitoring. I The first step is to hold public consultations with the local communities and all other interested/affected parties during the screening process and in the course of preparing the 18 I l EIA. These consultations should identify key issues and determine how the concerns of all parties will be addressed in the terms of reference for the EIA to be carried out for sub-projects. To facilitate meaningful consultations, the local governments through their implementers will provide all relevant material and information concerning the sub projects in a timely manner prior to the consultation, in a form and language that are understandable and accessible to the groups being consulted. Depending on the public interest in the potential impacts of the sub projects, a public hearing may be requested to better convey concerns. I Once the sub-project has been reviewed and cleared by the respective local level government councils as well as the full council, the implementers will inform the public about the results of the review. For all sub-projects that will be implemented at the community level - whether planned by the community itself or planned by the Ward or District/Municipality, the Village/Mtaa Governments will be responsible for disclosing the findings and recommendations of the environmental and social screening process to the village assembly, assisted by the Ward Development Committee (WDC) and District facilitators. The Village Government will be responsible for taking the minutes of the public disclosure meeting. The office of the District Executive Officer will produce and distribute copies of the minutes to offices at the District/Municipal councils, Ward and Village/Mtaa Governments, political parties, NGOs, and other civil societies in the community. A summary of the outcome of this public disclosure meeting will be posted at appropriate places. Any affected or interested individual or group has the right of appeal, if dissatisfied with the decision reached at any stage in the EIA process. The appeals process will be according to the National Environment Act, once it has been enacted and enforced. I To ensure that an appropriate public consultation mechanism is developed: (i) the environmental and social screening process outlined in the ESMF includes such a requirement; (ii) development of individual sub-project EMP (if required) and RAP include such a requirement; (iii) once the sub-project activities have been reviewed and cleared by the respective councils, the sub-project implementers will inform the public about the results of the review. (iv) Communities will undertake both compliance monitoring and effects monitoring throughout the sub-project cycle. (v) The ESMF and RPF will be translated into Kiswahili by the PO- RALG and copies in English and Kiswahili would be available at the following locations: * Information center of the National Environmental Management Council; * Offices of the PO-RALG in Dodoma and Dar es Salaam * Offices of the District/Municipal Executive Director in each District/Municipal 19 I l I * Offices of the Ward Executive Director (WEO) and Village/Mtaa Executive Officer (VEO) of each Ward or Community that is approved for infrastructure project under the LGSP. * Infoshop of the World Bank. * Step 6: Monitoring and reporting Environmental monitoring needs to be carried out during the construction as well as operation and maintenance of the sub-projects in order to measure the success of the mitigation measures implemented earlier. Under LGSP, the responsibilities for monitoring and evaluation of the mitigation measures adopted under the sub-projects would be assigned as follows: Sub-project implementers at the different LGA levels: Village/Urban Sub-Ward (Mtaa) governments, Ward Development Committee and District/Municipal Technical Departments - will be responsible for the day to day monitoring and reporting of feedback throughout the life of the sub-project, specifically the monitoring of (i) the environmental and social assessment work to be carried out on its behalf by Technical Planning Teams/District Management Teams and/or service providers; (ii) overseeing the implementation of the Resettlement Action Plans; (iii) monitoring of environmental issues and the supervision of the civil works contractor during the construction process (iv) monitoring of environmental issues during operations and during maintenance of the infrastructure and facilities when handed over to the communities after construction; (iv) submission of monitoring reports to higher councils for eventual submission to central government - NEMC and PO-RALG. The monitoring and reporting will be done by members of the respective committee of the Village/Mtaa government and the technical staff of the respective sector at the District/Municipal Council who will be trained. For example, the departmental technical heads of Districts and Municipalities will ensure that they play an oversight role in sub- projects that impact their sectors; i.e. the District Medical Officer or the District Education Officer will provide oversight for all health and education sub-projects, respectively, in their districts. The District Management Team shall bear the overall responsibility of supervision for all LGSP sub-projects within the District/Municipality, and the District Environmental Officer (DEO) shall report to the Project Coordination Unit (PCU) at the PO-RALG. Environmental committees at the different LGA levels and/or the District Environmental Officer: will undertake compliance monitoring to check whether prescribed actions have been carried out. In close collaboration with the sub-project implementers they/he will ensure that the monitoring plan as contained in the individual sub-project proposals is implemented as stated therein. The District Environmental Officer in collaboration with the District Management Team will consolidate the project- specific monitoring report into one common report and submit the report to NEMC and the PCU at the PO-RALG. I 20 I I l Members of the Community: Will undertake - after training - both compliance monitoring and effects monitoring (which records the consequences of activities on the biophysical and social environment). This will be done throughout the sub-project cycle: (i) During the planning phase, the communities will participate in the identification of indicators for monitoring the mitigating measures; (ii) During implementation (construction) phase, monitoring the execution of works with respect to environmental aspects, e.g. verify the compliances of the Contractors with their obligations; (iii) During operation and maintenance phase, the overall environmental monitoring and alerting on any emerging environmental hazards in conjunction with the ongoing sub-project activities. The communities will be enabled to pass on their observations and concerns through the acceptable mechanisms to the local government/council and higher authorities. The National Environment Management Council (NEMC) will perform an enforcement monitoring role supported by the PO-RALG, and the LGAs based on submissions and recommendations from the Environmental Committees at the different LGA levels, the District Environmental Officer, and by the District Management Teams (who would perform a self monitoring role). The NEMC will ensure that the monitoring plan for the overall monitoring of the entire LGSP requirements is implemented with particular focus on monitoring cumulative impacts of the sub-projects on a national level and to ensure that individual sub-project mitigation measures are effective at the cumulative and national level. NEMC would primarily achieve this objective through periodic field visits, coordinating and implementing the Training Program and through technical assistance and backup services to the Local Governments. PO-RALG will perform the monitoring function for the entire LGSP which would be carried out through the Local Governments themselves. LGSP Monitoring and Evaluation guidelines developed to monitor performance (to guide allocations) and process (to track the lessons learned to enable project replication) will include parameters for compliance to proposed measures to safeguard the environmental and social impacts. Monitoring activities by the Implementers, Environmental Committees, NEMC and PO- RALG will be performed periodically through performance surveys/audits. * Step 7: Monitoring indicators The objectives for monitoring are: (i) to alert project authorities and to provide timely information about the success or otherwise of the EIA process as outlined in this ESMF in such a manner that changes to the system can be made, if required; (ii) to make a final evaluation in order to determine whether the mitigation measures designed into the sub- projects have been successful in such a way that the pre-subproject environmental and social condition has been restored, improved upon or worst than before. A number of indicators would be used in order to determine the status of affected people and their environment (land being used compared to before, standard of house compared to before, level of participation in project activities compared to before, how many kids in 21 l I school compared to before, health standards, how many clean water sources than before, how many people employed than before etc). Therefore, the sub-project EIA's will set three major socio-economic goals by which to evaluate its success: * Affected individuals, households, and communities are able to maintain their pre- project standard of living, and even improve on it; * Has the pre-subproject environmental state of natural resources, bio-diversity and flora and fauna, been maintained or improved upon, and * The local communities remain supportive of the project. In order to assess whether these goals are met, the sub-projects will indicate parameters to be monitored, institute monitoring milestones and provide resources necessary to carry out the monitoring activities. The following parameters and verifiable indicators will be used to measure the EIA process, mitigation plans and performance. For the EIA process the following monitoring indicators are proposed: * Number of local governments who have adopted the EIA process as required by LGSP; evaluate the rate of adoption; * How has the adoption of the EIA requirements improved the environmental health and bio-physical state of the communities using/affected by the sub-projects; * What are the main benefits that members derive from the use of the EIA process? Economic benefits (i) increase in achievement of sub-projects adopting EIA guidelines (ii) increase in revenue for local councils resulting from adoption of I EIA guidelines, compared with conventional practices. Social benefits - improvement in the environmental health status of farmers/urban residents; Environmental benefits (i) improvement in the sustainable use of Tanzania's natural resources; * Efficiency of sub-projects maintenance and operating performance; * Number of environmental resource persons on Technical Planning Teams (TPT) and District Management Teams who have successfully received EIA training in screening methods etc.; evaluate the training content, methodology and trainee * response to training through feedback; * Numbers of women trained; assess understanding of the need for the EIA process as a tool for sustainable development; I * Overall assessment of (i) activities that are going well (ii) activities that need improvements and (iii) remedial actions required; * Is the screening process identified in this ESMF working well; I * Based on the performance of the sub-project performance review, what, if any, changes to the ESMF, and additional training capacity building, are required to * improve the performance of the framework's implementation. I 22 I I * ~~6.0 Capacity building for environmental and social management * ~~6.1 Existing capacity for carrying out environmental impact assessment Currently in Tanzania, local governments and particularly the lower levels, are lacking the necessary capacity and enabling environment to address environmental and social issues. The proposed ESMF is set within the following existing state of affairs. * Local councils lack policies related to environmental and social management or I ~ ~~~base their operations on policies developed by central government bodies and in some cases by Donor Agencies. * Tanzania still lacks a National Environment Statute that sets out the modus operandi and roles and responsibilities of the many institutions and actors at both central and local levels involved in the management of the environment in the country. * The national environmental agencies - NEMC and Division of Environment have no decentralized management. They have no Regional or District environmental offices, thus, few Local Governments have Environmental Officers to coordinate environmental issues. Some District Councils have assigned the role to other related departments e.g. Planning, Natural Resources or Lands, while others have none. * EIA Procedure and Guidelines produced by NEMC have been in use since 1997, and have been improved with experience, but there is no legal backup to make it mandatory for all projects in the country to be screened for their environmental effects. * Very few staffs at local councils have received short-termn training in environmental assessment in Tanzania or abroad. Although there are ample opportunities to put the gained knowledge to practical use, few LGAs have significant capacity to plan for and undertake environmental and social impact assessments as well as plan for and implement mitigation measures for adverse impacts. * The functions of the National Environment Management Council (NEMC) are set in the NEMC Act No. 19 of 198 1. The roles are advisory and the Council has no legal powers to prosecute offenders. * Capacity to caffy out the ELAs is still confined at the national level, using the national procedures and guidelines. Proposals to institutionalize the procedures at I ~ ~~~local levels have not been tried out and the Councils seek the services for environmental impact assessment and reviews from Consultants and experts at NEMC. * The NEMC has drafted a training of trainer's manuals for District level Environmental Impact Assessment, but the training is yet to be delivered. I ~~~Some of these weaknesses in the local government systems to manage environmental and social issues are a function of the inadequacies in operationalizing the national environmental and social policies and enforcement of associated laws. A framework environmental law for Tanzania that sets out the institutional responsibilities and mode of 23 operation at the local levels, for example, is among the many constraints which need to be addressed at a national scale by the central government. * 6.2 Recommendations I * General The ESMF would be implemented through the use of existing local government structures, but these institutions would be strengthened through the provision of resources and training at all levels of local government to build capacity. One of the conditionalities for local authorities on which Component 1 of the LGSP will be targeted is for them to meet certain capacity related conditions before they will be eligible to receive grants. Furthermore, safeguards (integration of environmental and social issues) will be used, as one of the indicators of performance measures, in this regard, there is no harm for LGA to pro-actively implement the proposed environmental and social frameworks to build up the required capacity for accessing the grants under | component 1. To successfully implement this ESMF, it is recommended that a comprehensive training needs assessment and development of a training strategy plan be carried out as an initial implementation activity. It is further recommended that technical assistance from more experienced environmental practitioners (from NEMC for example) to "mentor" local government staff and support them in building experience. It is therefore recommended that the National Environment Management Council (NEMC) EIA Training Resource Manual for Districts developed in 2000, and also the resource manual for Environment and Gender Mainstreaming in District Planning developed by the Royal Netherlands Embassy (Tanzania) in 2000, be reviewed and revised to incorporate aspects proposed in this framework for LGSP sub-projects. In collaboration with the NEMC, the Ministry of PO-RALG support training of relevant/responsible people at all local government level in the skills in environmental mitigation planning and management. * Local-level (i.e. intra-local authority) capacity building As described under chapter 3 of this framework, Component 1 of the LGSP has a Capacity Building Component intended to provide local authorities with resources to invest in capacity building for the management of infrastructure sub-projects under the Capital Grant Program and other investments. The capacity building grant should also be accessed by the communities and Local Governments for enhancing their skills in environmental and social issues so that they are able to implement the above proposed screening process and mitigation measures. For the purpose of this EMSF, capacity building should be targeted at the planners, implementers and reviewers of the sub-projects under the LGSP. The first steps should focus on assessing the capacity building needs. Training should be designed according to these needs. More specifically, the following steps to build capacity should be taken: 24 lI l I| Sub-project planners and implementers at HLG i.e. District Technical staff! Management Teams, District and Ward Facilitation Teams, Community level | extension staff. The higher local governments have the requisite capacity and basic knowledge for implementing the EIA process and supporting the lower local governments. The capacity building in this context would be to enhance their ability to mainstream environmental and social aspects in sub-project planning/designing and implementation. The training of the HLG staff should take the form of Training of trainers (TOT) in the areas of environmental and social screening, impact assessment, developing mitigation plans, monitoring and reporting etc. Subsequently they would then train staff and community representatives at LLG as required. The training would take the form of one weeks (5 working days) long training workshop, held the district headquarters, based on the proposed training below to equip these technical staff with the required skills to implement this ESMF thereby ensuring that the project activities under the LGSP are environmentally sustainable. This level of training could be provided by more 5 experienced national private or public environmental practitioners. Proposed Training Program for HLG staff and facilitators Topic/Subject Duration 3 Environmental and Social assessment process 3 days * Screening process * Identification of impacts l * Design of appropriate mitigation and monitoring measures [EMP] * Rationale for using Screening form and Environmental and Social Checklists * Preparation of terms of reference for carrying out ESIA I * How to incorporate EMP in project designs and in construction contract documents * How to review and approve sub-project proposals I * The importance of public consultations in the EIA process * How to monitor and report project implementation * Case studies Environmental and Social policies, procedures and sectoral guidelines 2 days * Review and discussion of Tanzania's environmental policies, procedures, and legislation. * Review and discussion of the Bank's safeguards policies. * Review of ESIA report, ESMF, RPF, Resettlement Action Plan. * Review and discussion of Tanzania's existing sectoral guidelines. * How to collaboration with institutions at the local, regional and national levels. e.g. NEMC. Selected topics on environmental components and conservation 1 day * Components of the environment and social issues * How to make environmental and social profiles of a specific area 25 l l I * . Environmental degradation e.g. land degradation (soil erosion) * Environmental pollution e.g. waste disposal 5 * Management of waste, including medical waste * Flood protection/control * * Ground and surface water management Reference materials ideal for Tanzania > National Environmental Management Council (NEMC) Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures and Guidelines 1997, include guidelines I on PEA. 0 National Environmental Management Council (NEMC) EIA Training Resource Manual for Districts, 2000. 1 > Environment and Gender Mainstreaming in District Planning Training Resource Manual by the Royal Netherlands Embassy (Tanzania), 2001 )0- Institute of Resource Assessment (IRA) EIA Training Course Manual. I > USAID Participants' Sourcebook: African Regional Environmental Assessment Training Course, Sept. 1996. > USAID Environmental Guidelines for Small-scale Activities in Africa: Environmental Sound Design for Planning and Implementing Humanitarian and Development Activities, 1996. > UNEP Environmental Impact Assessment Resource Training Manual, 3 1996. Sub project planners and implementers at LLG i.e. Village/Urban sub-Ward ("Mtaa") government and community level committees for the respective sector to be funded under the LGSP i.e. Health, Water, Education, Roads; Members of the Community Planning Teams, Community Representatives in the WDC; Members of the Environmental Committees For LLG, members of the communities and community level committees involved in the planning and implementation of infrastructure sub-projects would be trained in such aspects as how to screen their sub-projects, how to implement their EMP's, and how to manage the EIA process as outlined in this ESMF. Subsequently, they would then train members of their communities. This level of training could be provided by trained local (District/Ward) Facilitators. The training would be based on the program below: 3 Proposed Training Program for LLG community representatives Topic/Subject Duration 3* Environmental and Social assessment process 1 days l I 26 l l l I l * Screening process * Use of the Screening Form and Environmental and Social Checklists to identify impacts and appropriate mitigation measures * How to monitor and report sub-project implementation * * Case studies Environmental and Social policies, procedures and sectoral guidelines 1 days * Preparation of applications for new/rehabilitated infrastructure sub- projects under the LGSP * Review of ESMF and RPF * Preparation and implementation of EMP and Resettlement Action I ~ ~~~~Plan. * Land screening for site selection Selected topics on environmental components and conservation I day 1 * Components of the environment and social issues * How to make environmental and social profiles of specific areas * Environmental degradation e.g. land use and land degradation in their I area * Environmental pollution e.g. waste disposal for urban LGAs and implication on public health * Flood protection/control * Protection of water sources. Local Council members who will endorse/approve sub projects under the LGSP | Training/awareness creation workshops regarding environmental and social assessment and environmental and social policies and procedures to bodies within the local government system vested with the responsibility of endorsing/approving sub projects under the LGSP. Subjects covered could include but not limited to the following: * Main environmental and social problems and challenges for local councils; I * Review of environmental and social screening and assessment process, * Review of the Screening Form, the Environmental and Social Management Checklists and the Resettlement Policy Framework highlighting the responsibilities for review and approval parties. * Training of Service Providers At the moment, it is envisaged that the capacity in the local communities to provide service providers who will be required to work with LLG project implementers - Village 3 governments and WDC will be non existent or very minimal. Therefore, to significantly build local capacity, the NEMC in collaboration with PO-RALG and LGAs will identify trainable members of civil society in the local communities, local NGO's and public service workers who would be trained by NEMC to become service providers to the 2 27 I I l I implementers providing technical assistance to assist fulfill their responsibilities as outlined in Section 6. 7.0 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Based on information presented in this ESMF, a summary Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared as Annex 5. This summary EMP captures those activities that are proposed for implementation under LGSP. These activities focus on capacity building for environmental management at the local level governments described earlier in this ESMF. In this regard, Tanzania's National Environment Management Council (NEMC) will play a guiding role. In view of the current state of environmental management capacity in Tanzania, it is proposed to support the following activities through LGSP: Train the Trainer: Initially, current staff at the District level will receive environmental training that will enable them advise on issues related to environmental management, including completion of the environmental and social screening form (Annex 1) and the environmental and social checklist (Annex 2). Later on, these staff will train local government staff. Other EIA training topics would include an overview of environmental issues in the districts; introduction to EIA processes, methods, and impact analysis; ELA review and the role of the public and stakeholders; practical EIA experience in Tanzania; and case studies. Cost estimates: This training would be provided in the form of 5-day courses with about 30 participants each, 4 times per year, over 3 years, in 13 regions of the country. Each course would cost about $8,500 (incl. per diem, food, transport, accommodation, conference hall, incidentals for participants, trainers and support persons). Thus, the total costs for 4 courses per year, over 3 years, in 13 regions would be $1,326,000. Needs Assessment for EIA Capacity Building: It is proposed that NEMC carry out EIA needs assessments in the regions of Dar es Salaam, Kilimanjaro, and Iringa. This would allow for EIA needs assessment in three different ecological zones: Dar es Salaam's EIA requirements would be defined in terms of its location within the country's coastal zone which reaches temperatures as high as 37 degrees Celsius and is characterized by high humidity; Kilimajaro is located within the montane zone which includes Africa's highest mountain, Mount Kilimajaro (5,950 m); and Iringa is located in Tanzania's southern region, characterized by savanna woodlands with high rains of up to 2,000 mm in the highlands. Thus, identification of their EIA needs would enable local governments to address potential sub-project impacts effectively, and, more importantly, in the context of their particular ecosystems. Cost estimates: The costs for these EIA needs assessments are estimated on the basis of an earlier EIA needs assessment that was carried out for the districts of Bagamoyo and Meatu. Thus, it is estimated that a needs assessment would cost about $290,000 per region, thus a total of $870,000. 28 I Il Update of EIA Needs Assessment for Bagamoyo and Meatu: This document was prepared in August 2002. The assessment focused on such topics as environmental awareness, EIA knowledge among district government officials, district and urban councils, ward and village councils. NEMC had proposed the modality for EIA training, identified the tools, and proposed the type of training required for these districts. Thus, the document will have to be updated to be of use in the future. Cost estimate: An update would cost about $10,000. Carry out EIAs for sub-projects: At the moment, at least EIAs for 11 different types of sub-projects will be carried out, for example, for distribution pipelines, some irrigation canals, rehabilitation of water supply and sanitation infrastructures, rehabilitation/expansion of education and health care facilities or sewage treatment facilities. However, it is not known at this time where and how many of such projects might be constructed. Therefore, it is proposed that sub-project - specific EIAs be carried out at the time of sub-project preparation. Cost estimates: It is assumed that one EIA would cost about $300.00; the total cost estimate for ETAs of sub-projects would be about $18,000. l l l l *I l I I 29 l I l I ANNEX 1 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM ISamplel The Environmental and Social Screening Form (ESSF) has been designed to assist in the evaluation of sub-projects of the LGSP in Tanzania. The form is designed to place 3 information in the hands of implementers and reviewers so that impacts and their mitigation measures, if any, can be identified and/or that requirements for further environmental analysis be determined. The ESSF contains information that will allow reviewers to determine the characterization of the prevailing local bio-physical and social environment with the aim 3 to assess the potential sub-project impacts on it. The ESSF will also identify potential socio-economic impacts that will require mitigation measures and/or resettlement and compensation. Name of sub-project............................................................. Sectore. Name of the Village/Mtaa/Ward/Town/District/Municipality in which the sub-project is * | to be implemented. Name of Executing Agent. Name of the Approving Authority . 3 Name, job title, and contact details of the person responsible for filling out this ESSF: Name: ................................................................................... Job title:................................................................................. 3 Telephone numbers: ..............;. Fax Number: I E-mail address 3 Date: Signature: .................................................. 3 30 I I l I PART A: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SUB - PROJECT Please provide information on the type and scale of the sub-project (area, required land, * approximate size of total building floor area). Provide information about actions needed during the construction of facilities including support/ancillary structures and activities required to build it, e.g. need to quarry or I excavate borrow materials, laying pipes/lines to connect to energy or water source, access road etc. Describe how the sub-project will operate including support/activities and resources required to operate it e.g. roads, disposal site, water supply, energy requirement, human 3 resource etc. PART B: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS Describe the sub- project location, siting, surroundings (include a map, even a sketch map) Describe the land formation, topography, vegetation in/adjacent to the project area Estimate and indicate where vegetation might need to be cleared. 3 Environmentally sensitive areas or threatened species Are there any environmentally sensitive areas or threatened species (specify below) that could be adversely affected by the project? (i) Intact natural forests: Yes No (ii) Riverine forest: Yes No (iii) Surface water courses, natural springs Yes No (iv) Wetlands (lakes, rivers, swamp, seasonally inundated areas) Yes No 3 (v) How far is the nearest wetland (lakes, rivers, seasonally inundated areas)? km. (vi) Area of high biodiversity: Yes -No 31 I l l (vii) Habitats of endangered/ threatened, or rare species for which protection is required under Tanzania national law/local law and/or international agreements. Yes No (viii) Others (describe). Yes No Rivers and Lakes Ecology Is there a possibility that, due to construction and operation of the project, the river and lake ecology will be adversely affected? Attention should be paid to water quality and quantity; the nature, productivity and use of aquatic habitats, and variations of these over time. I Yes No 3 Protected areas Does the project area (or components of the project) occur within/adjacent to any protected areas designated by government (national park, national reserve, world heritage site etc.) | Yes No If the project is outside of, but close to, any protected area, is it likely to adversely affect the ecology within the protected area areas (e.g. interference with the migration routes of * mammals or birds). 3 Yes No_ Geology and Soils Based upon visual inspection or available literature, are there areas of possible geologic or soil instability (prone to: soil erosion, landslide, subsidence, earthquake etc)? | Yes No Based upon visual inspection or available literature, are there areas that have risks of large scale increase in soil salinity? Yes No Based upon visual inspection or available literature, are there areas prone to floods, poorly drained, low-lying, or in a depression or block run-off water Yes No 3 l 32 I l Contamination and Pollution Hazards Is there a possibility that the project will be at risks of contamination and pollution hazards (from latrines, dumpsite, industrial discharges etc) Yes No Landscape/aesthetics Is there a possibility that the project will adversely affect the aesthetic attractiveness of the local landscape? Yes No Historical, archaeological or cultural heritage site. Based on available sources, consultation with local authorities, local knowledge and/or observations, could the project alter any historical, archaeological, cultural heritage traditional (sacred, ritual area) site or require excavation near same? Yes No Resettlement and/or land Acquisition Will involuntary resettlement, land acquisition, relocation of property, or loss, denial or restriction of access to land and other economic resources be caused by project implementation? Yes No If "Yes" Involuntary Resettlement OP 4.12 is triggered. Please refer to the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for appropriate mitigation measures to be taken. Loss of Crops, Fruit Trees and Household Infrastructure Will the project result in the permanent or temporary loss of crops, fruit trees and household infra-structure (such as granaries, outside toilets and kitchens, livestock shed etc)? Yes No Block of access and routes or disrupt normal operations in the general area Will the project interfere or block access, routes etc (for people, livestock and wildlife) or traffic routing and flows? Yes No 33 l I l Noise and Dust Pollution during Construction and Operations. Will the operating noise level exceed the allowable noise limits? Yes No Will the operation result in emission of copious amounts of dust, hazardous fumes? Yes No Degradation and/or depletion of resources during construction and operation Will the operation involve use of considerable amounts of natural resources (construction materials, water spillage, land, energy from biomass etc.) or may lead to their depletion or degradation at points of source? Yes No Solid or Liquid Wastes Will the project generate solid or liquid wastes? (including human excreta/sewage, hospital waste) Yes No If "Yes", does the project include a plan for their adequate collection and disposal? Yes No Occupational health hazards Will the project require large number of staff and laborers; large/long-term construction camp? Yes No Are the project activities prone to hazards, risks and could result in accidents and injuries to workers during construction or operation? Yes No Will the project require frequent maintenance and or repair Yes No 34 l I l l I Public Consultation Has public consultation and participation been sought? Yes No I N PART C: MITIGATION MEASURES 3 For all "Yes" responses, describe briefly the measures taken to this effect. I l I I l l l I I l 35 l l l l l | ANNEX 2 * ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CHECK LIST The Environmental and Social Checklist below is based on the checklist used under the Second Social Fund Project (TASAF II). It serves as a sample checklist which will be I adapted to the particular type and circumstance of the sub-project as well as the relevant local level (village, Mtaa, District, Municipal) at which the sub-project is planned. The checklist will be completed by a member of the Planning Team who has received I environmental training. Table 1: Environmental Checklist for Construction Sub-Projects (class rooms, I teacher accommodations, school perimeter walls, health care centers, dispensaries, maternity houses) Stage Potential Negative Tick if Mitigation Measure Tick if Responsible Environmental and relevant relevant Person Social Impacts Before construction 1.0 Loss of livelihoods Prepare Resettlement Action Plan as per OP * 4.12 - see RPF 2.0 Landslides and soil Terracing; excavation erosion on sloppy to level; control of *_____________ hillsides water flows 3.0 Destruction of Construction contracts vegetation during to include provisions I excavation; may cause for limiting vegetative loss of fauna removal, and for re- vegetation of the construction area after __________________ completion of works 4.0 Soil erosion, Construction contracts deposition of fine will require re- I materials (sand, silts, vegetation as soon as clays) in downstream possible; contractors to water courses during be limited regarding I construction, activities that can be particularly in the carried out in the rainy rainy season season; contractors will be required to treat excavated areas below flood water levels as required under the design contract (use of l_______ stone gabions and 36 I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~mattresses, before the start of each rainy season I 5.0 Traffic disruption Best engineering practices to be employed to ensure I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ traffic disruptions are kept to a minimum 6.0 Noise disturbance Not likely to be a I _ ___________ ____________________ problem 7.0 Dust impacts In extreme cases, particularly near clinics, contractors will I be required to moisten the construction area to minimize dust I 8.0 Pit formation from Use sand from existing sand mine borrow pits; fill back pits I During construction 1.0 Noise Use of ear protectors 2.0 Cement dust pollution Dust control by water or other means 3.0 Pressures on existing Liaise with local water sources utilities to ensure ________ adequate water supply 4.0 Soil and water Build latrines and pollution due to large ensure adequate waste number of labourers water disposal; ensure on the construction safe storage of site and related wastes construction materials I ____ such as oils, paints After construction I 1.0 Soil and water Contractors to clear pollution due to construction site of remainder of temporary construction wastes, infrastructures and tools, equipment, and restore vegetation of temporary the site infrastructure This form has been signed by: Chairperson of the village/sub-ward/Mtaa council: Chairperson of the Environment Committee: Member of the Environment Committee: I I 37 I 11 l I Table 2: Environmental Checklist for Water Supply Sub-Projects l S/No. Potential Negative Tick if Possible Mitigation Tick if Responsible Environmental Imapct relevant Measures relevant Person 1.0 Hand dug wells, I protected springs 1.1 Overexploitation of Consult with hydro- aquifers geologist or NEMC I 1.2 Spillage of water and Select well site where creation of stagnant water drains away pools of water at well from well; do not head which will be a construct well in a breeding ground for depression or on low- vectors of water-borne lying, poorly drained diseases site; construct I drainage ditches to divert run-off water around well site; I construct concrete pad around the base of the well head (see modular design) 1.3 Contamination of well Install hand pump on water by users the well and do not allow users to draw water by lowering containers into the well; ensure well I ____________ head is properly sealed 1.4 Contamination of well Do not construct I water by seepage from latrines within a pit latrines minimum of 30 m of the hand dug well, 60 * m is preferable 2.0 Boreholes with hand pumps 2.1 Spillage of water around Select site for borehole providing a borehole where there breeding ground for is drainage away vectors of water borne from the pump pad; I diseases do not construct borehole in depression; construct I a drainage channel to lead waste water away from the pump pad (see modular design); place gravel around hand pump 38 l l l pad (see modular design) _____ 2.2 Erosion undermining Divert run-off water I hand pump pad away from borehole and maintain gravel _____ fill around the pad * 2.3 Contamination of Do not construct borehole water by latrines within 30 m *_____ seepage from latrines of the borehole 2.4 Contamination of well Construct a fence to by animal wastes keep animals away; construct water trough at least 30 m from well 3.0 Water pipelines 3.1 Secondary, tertiary Leakage from J distribution piping broken pipes creating ponds of water where disease carrying *________ organisms thrive 3.2 Negative pressure in Ensure that positive pipes drawing pressure is I contaminated water and maintained in pipes soil into water supply at all times; on regular basis flush system to remove accumulated silt; provide surface drainage to prevent collection of runoff water along pipeline route. Ensure that sewage collection piping is installed in separate trench from water supply piping with adequate separation, preferably on U opposite sides of the street, and where pipes cross, an I impermeable barrier is installed between *____ pipes 4.0 Transmission pipelines Carry out ETA 5.0 Distribution pipelines Carry out EIA 6.0 Rehabiiitation, Carry out EIA ___ expansion of existing water schemes 7.0 Irrigation canals, Carry out ETA 39 l I l ___ transmission canals 8.0 Mini-hydro schemes Carry out EIA 9.0 River intakes Carry out EIA 10.0 Storage reservoirs Carry out EIA 11.0 Earth dams Carry out EIA 12.0 Wind powered pumps Ensure appropriate *_____ _______________________ __________ disposal of batteries 13.0 Solar powered pumps Ensure appropriate l____ _____________________ disposal of batteries I *I I - I I I 40 I I i I l Table 3: Environmental Checklist for Sanitation Sub-Projects I S/No. Potential Negative Tick if Possible Mitigation Tick if Responsible Environmental and relevant Measures relevant Person _____ Social Impacts . 1.0 Septic tanks 1.1 Soil and water pollution Ensure regular due to seepage from emptying; conduct I tanks hygiene education campaign to raise awareness of the health risks of exposed sewage; establish and support affordable pump out *_____ services 2.0 Sewers 2.1 Soil and water pollution Ensure regular I maintenance 2.2 Construction impacts Refer to Table 1 3.0 Sewerage maturation ponds ____ 3.1 Construction impacts Refer to Table 1 3.2 Possible land acquisition Refer to RPF 3.3 Sludge disposed of Ensure that sludge is indiscriminately and properly dried and causing health risks disposed of in a manner that poses no risk to human health 3.4 Animals accessing Install and maintain sewage ponds and proper fencing to I transmitting diseases to prevent animals from people entering the area 3.5 Incompletely treated Operate ponds in a I waste water manner that only contaminating surface allows waste water water streams meeting prescribed quality standards leaving the treatment site; ensure that ponds are sized and I operated to retain waste water for an adequate period to I complete the treatment process 4.0 Storm water drainage 4.1 Construction impacts Refer to Table I 4.2 Possible land acquisition Refer to RPF 4.3 Erosion along banks of Stabilize sections of I 41 I I I U ~~~~~~drainage channel causing bank susceptible to siltation of channel and erosion; plant shrubs loss of land and trees on uphill I ___ side of ditch to slow water runoff 5.0 Public toilets I 5.1 Contamination of water Ensure latrines are supply sources located at least 30 m from hand dug wells and springs, and 60 m from boreholes 5.2 Latrines overflowing and Conduct hygiene creating health risks education campaign through people and to raise awareness of animals coming in the health risks of contact with human exposed human waste * wastes and promote the support and use of municipal or private I ___ sector cleaning services 5.3 Flies and rodents Block pathways for carrying diseases from flies, i.e. by putting a the latrines screen over the vent and installing lid on the hole; ensure I latrines are constructed with a suitable I superstructure to prevent entry of ______ rodents into vault * 5.4 Open defecation Conduct hygiene education campaign to raise awareness of the health risks of open defecation, and promote the use of latrines I 5.5 Flying toilets Conduct hygiene education campaign to raise awareness of I health risks of indiscriminate dumping of flying * toilets and promote the use of latrines. As an interim measure, provide facilities for people to dispose of flying toilets 42 11 l I 6.0 River outfalls Carry out EIA 7.0 Sewerage treatment Carry out EIA works for small town 8.0 Rehabilitation, Carry out EIA expansion of existing l sanitation schemes l l I I l l l I l I I I I 43 I I_ l l Table 4: Environmental Checklist for Roads Sub-Projects S/No. Potential Negative Tick if Possible Mitigation Tick if Responsible Environmental and Relevant Measures Relevant Person Social Impacts 1.0 Footpaths I 1.1 Footpath blocking Install culverts or drainage for runoff bridges across natural water and manmade drainage channels and keep cleared of debris 1.2 Ponding on path Construct path so that providing breeding water drains away by site for vectors of rising above water borne disease surrounding ground level and by sloping the surface of the path towards the sides; fill depressions with I granular material 1.3 Footpath becoming a Provide drainage water course during ditches on both sides I rains and causing of the path and install erosion small check dams to reduce velocity of water flow; direct water from ditch along side footpath into natural or manmade I drainage channels as frequently as possible to minimize the volume of runoff water carried by the ditch; plant shrubs and trees j on the uphill side of the ditch to slow water runoff 2.0 Earth roads 2.1 Erosion of lands Plant grass along the downhill from road edge of the road; bed or in borrow areas construct during dry I season 2.2 Create dust to nearby Dust control by water houses during or other means construction 2.3 Increased sediments Prevention of erosion into streams, ponds by re-vegetation, dry 3 and rivers due to construction and erosion from road physical stabilization tops and sides 44 l l 2.4 Possible land Refer to RPF acquisition, loss of ______ livelihoods J 2.5 Creation of stagnant Rehabilitation of pools of water in left borrow pits sites borrow pits 3.0 Bridges and culverts 3.1 Flooding and erosion Ensure that openings caused by are adequately sized to overflowing and accommodate flows blockage of openings and organize regular clean out of openings 3.2 Bridge deck failure Establish and causing accidents and implement a injuries maintenance program and establish a source * of funding to pay for repair works I I I I l I l *I 11 45 il l l ANNEX 3 3 Guidance for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) In the event that the environmental and social screening process recommends that an EIA be carried out, the implementers should refer to Tanzania's EIA procedure, keeping in mind the requirements of the World Bank's safeguard policies which are summarized in Annex 4. For ease of reference, the main steps involved in carrying out EIA are outlined 3 below: Carrying out an Environmental Impact Assessment I o Impact Assessment: Based on the screening and scoping results, the EIA shall identify and assess positive and negative impacts likely to result from the proposed sub-projects. This uses a variety of methods, including checklists, questionnaires, matrices, overlays, modeling, network analysis and simulations. Opportunities for environmental enhancement should be explored. The extent and quality of available data, key gaps in data, and uncertainties associated with predictions shall be identified or estimated. Topics that do not require further attention should be specified. o Analysis of alternatives: This is an important aspect of the EIA - enhancing the design of a project through consideration of alternatives, as opposed to the more defensive task of reducing the adverse impacts of a given design . This provides a detailed review of alternative approaches and prioritizes them into a feasible approach. For each alternative, the environmental costs and benefits should be quantified to the extent possible. The ' do nothing alternative' should always be included, with a discussion of it being adopted - that is, what would the future look like without the proposed sub-project? The ' do nothing alternative' (or, no project) alternative is always feasible and gives a " base case" against which the performance of other alternatives can be compared in terms of environmental impact, economic effects and other performance measures indicated by the objectives. o Predictions: The principal function of EIA is to provide predictive information on the potential implications of the planned sub-projects. Prediction should determine the cause and effect relationship of direct and indirect impacts based on data and information from a wide number of sources on the physical, social, biological, institutional, economic and cultural issues. The quality and availability of data and the analytical techniques and assumptions frequently limit the reliability of prediction. In this context, open dialogue with key stakeholders and the public is vital. o Evaluation of significance: This determines the significance at the levels of the sub-project and its area of influence. Within a specified time and space, a significant impact is the predicted or measured change in an environmental attribute that should be considered in project design, depending on the reliability and accuracy of the prediction and the magnitude of the change. o Mitigation: This identifies measures to avoid and/or to reduce adverse impacts. It also assesses how to plan and manage environmental enhancement. The identified 46 l I measures need to be undertaken early enough to embed ideas thoroughly into the basic design of a proposed sub-project and to show how future monitoring and evaluation would be carried out. These measures are drawn together into a coherent Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), including a monitoring plan. o Public consultation: Consultation throughout EIA preparation is required, particularly for sub-projects that might involve land acquisition and thus negatively affecting people's livelihoods. Public consultation should be undertaken during screening, scoping and the preparation of terms of reference, of the EIA report, review of the EIA report by NEMC and other stakeholders, and during the preparation of terms and conditions for EA acceptance or approval. * All the information gathered during the Environmental Impact Assessment is compiled in the format given in the NEMC Reporting Procedure and Guidelines referred to earlier and submitted to NEMC for review and clearance. In all cases, the documentation should be kept as brief and simple as possible. 3 Review and Approval of the Environmental Impact Assessment Report The EIA report prepared for each sub-project (category B and A) should be reviewed by the District Environmental Officer and NEMC as appropriate, and public consultations should be undertaken during the review period. The outcome of the review of the EIA is one of the following: N k> EIA accepted > EIA not accepted * Acceptance and clearance of the EIA report (for category B and A sub-projects) by NEMC will serve as a sufficient environmental permit to proceed with further consideration for approval of the sub-project by the District/Municipal Council and LGSP. The review of the EIA report should also include the determination of whether or not any people have been identified as owners or users of the land upon which the sub- project will be located or if the sub-project in any other way will affect people/property, livelihoods and access so that there is a negative impact (loss) as a result of the sub- project. If that is found to be the case, the appropriate measures need to be taken in accordance with the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) prepared for Component 1 of LGSP. The EIA report should be short and clear, so that project participants can understand it. It should state clearly the main environmental issues, both positive and negative, likely impacts, potentially affected persons, mitigation and monitoring measures, and cost estimates and institutional arrangements for the implementation of mitigation and monitoring measures. The EIA report should include an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). This ESMP should be a practical, action-oriented plan specifying measures to be taken to address the negative environmental impacts. It should also specify the actions, resources 47 I .I l l and responsibilities required to implement the agreed actions and details on key social and environmental management, monitoring, and monitoring indicators. Further, the ESMP should ensure that the costs of implementing the recommendations of the EIA report are budgeted into the total sub-project costs. Responsibility for the preparation of the ESMP will be with the Planning Teams at the village and sub-ward/Mtaa levels, under the guidance of the District/Municipal Environmental Officer and, to the extent necessary, in consultation with NEMC. The ESMP should be formulated in such a way that it is easy to use. The ESMP should cover the following aspects: Summary of environmental and social impacts, description of the mitigation measures, description of the mitigation measures, description of the impacts of the mitigation measures, description of the monitoring plan and monitoring indicators, institutional arrangements and capacity building needs to ensure effective implementation of these measures, implementation schedule and reporting procedures and cost estimates. The Environmental Officer will assist with the details required for the preparation of the ESMP. 3 Disclosure and Approval Process As sub-project proposals are finalized, the complete proposal shall include the environmental category of the sub-project. For category B and A sub-projects, the proposal shall include the EIA report and proof of its approval by NEMC. For category B projects that did not require the preparation of a separate EIA, the completed 3 environmental and social checklist will be attached to the sub-project proposal. The EIA reports of sub-projects will be disclosed to the public by presenting the findings and recommendations to the village assembly or sub-ward/Mtaa assembly, disclosing the document at the offices of the District/Municipal ExecutiveDirector in each District/Municipality; the Ward Executive Director andVillage/Mtaa Executive Officer of each ward or community that is approved for infrastructure sub-projects under LGSP. NGO's and other civil societies in the villages and sub-wards/Mtaas will be informed of the meeting, and copies of the EIA report will be made available before the meeting, in a | language that is understood by the recipients. Beneficiaries under LGSP or any affected/interested party, have the right to appeal. If dissatisfied with the decision reached at any stage in the EIA process, the affected party has the right of appeal to the Minister responsible for Environment. I *I 48 i I' l I ANNEX 4.0 | Summary of World Bank Safeguard Policies OP 4.01 The objective of this policy is to ensure that Bank- Depending on the project, and nature Environmental financed projects are environmentally sound and of impacts a range of instruments can Assessment sustainable, and that decision-making is improved be used: EIA, environmental audit, through appropriate analysis of actions and of their hazard or risk assessment and likely environmental impacts. This policy is triggered environmental management plan * if a project is likely to have potential (adverse) (EMP).When a project is likely to environmental risks and impacts in its area of have sectoral or regional impacts, influence. sectoral or regional EA is required. I The Borrower is responsible for carrying out the EA. Under LGSP, the Borrower has prepared an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) which outlines the environmental screening process to be applied to sub-projects. The purpose of the environmental screening process is to assess the impacts of future I construction activities where the exact scope of investment activities and locations are not known at this time. OP 4.04 Natural This policy recognizes that the conservation of natural This policy is triggered by any project Habitats habitats is essential for long-term sustainable (including any sub-project under a development. The Bank, therefore, supports the sector investment or financial protection, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural intermediary loan) with the potential habitats in its project financing, as well as policy to cause significant conversion (loss) dialogue and analytical work. The Bank supports, and or degradation of natural habitats expects the Borrowers to apply a precautionary whether directly (through N approach to natural resource management to ensure construction) or indirectly (through opportunities for environmentally sustainable human activities induced by the development. project). I Under LGSP, investments that would have negative impacts on natural _______________ ___________________________________________ habitats w ould not be funded. OP 4.36 Forests This policy focuses on the management, conservation, This policy is triggered by forest and sustainable development of forest ecosystems and sector activities and other Bank their associated resources. It applies to projects that sponsored interventions which have may/may not have impacts on (a) health and quality of the potential to impact significantly forests; (b) affect the rights and welfare of people and upon forested areas. their level of dependence upon or interaction with Under LGSP, investments that are forests and projects that aim to bring about changes in likely to affect populations and forests I the management, protection, or utilization of natural as described in OP 4.36 will not be forests or plantations, whether they are publicly, funded. privately or communally owned. The Bank does not I support the significant conversion or degradation of critical forest areas or related critical natural habitats. 49 I l I OP 4.09 Pest The objective of this policy is to promote the use of The policy is triggered if procurement Management biological or environmental control methods and to of pesticides is envisaged (either reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. In directly through the project or I Bank-financed agricultural operations, pest indirectly through on-lending); if the populations are normally controlled through project may affect pest management Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approaches. In in a way that harm could be done, I Bank-financed public health projects, the Bank even though the project is not supports controlling pests primarily through envisaged to procure pesticides. This environmental methods. The policy further ensures includes projects that may lead to I that health and environmental hazards associated with substantially increased pesticide use pesticides are minimized. The procurement of and subsequent increase in health and pesticides in a Bank-financed project is contingent on environmental risks; and projects that an assessment of the nature and degree of associated may maintain or expand present pest risk taking into account the proposed use and the management practices that are intended user. unsustainable. Under LGSP, investments leading to an increased use of pesticides will not be funded. I OP 4.11 This policy aims at assisting in the preservation of This policy is triggered by projects Cultural cultural property (sites that have archaeological which, prima facie, entail the risk of Property (prehistoric), paleontological, historical, religious, and damaging cultural property (i.e. any unique natural values - this includes remains left by project that includes large scale previous human inhabitants (such as middens, shrines, excavations, movement of earth, and battlegrounds) and unique environmental features surficial environmental changes or such as canyons and waterfalls), as well as in the demolition). protection and enhancement of cultural properties Under LGSP, investment activities * encountered in Bank-financed projects. that might have negative impacts on cultural property will not be funded. I OD 4.20 This policy aims at ensuring that the development This policy is triggered if there are Indigenous process fosters full respect for the dignity, human indigenous peoples in the project Peoples rights and cultural uniqueness of indigenous peoples; area; when potential adverse impacts that they do not suffer adverse effects during the on indigenous peoples are anticipated; development process; and that indigenous peoples and if indigenous peoples are among receive culturally compatible social and economic the intended beneficiaries. benefits. Under LGSP, investment activities that might have negative impacts on indigenous peoples will not be funded. H OP 4.12 The objective of this policy is avoid or minimize This policy is triggered not only if Involuntary involuntary resettlement where feasible, exploring all physical relocation occurs, but also by Resettlement viable alternative project designs. Furthermore, it any loss of land resulting in: intends to assist displaced persons in improving their relocation or loss of shelter; loss of * former living standards; it encourages community assets or access to assets; loss of participation in planning and implementing income sources or means of resettlement; and to provide assistance to affected livelihood, whether or not the affected I people, regardless of the legality of title of land. people must move to another location. Under LGSP, a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared which will serve as a guidance for I sub-projects that involve land acquisition. 50 I I| Ir I OP 4.37 Safety This policy focuses on new and existing dams. In the This policy is triggered if the project of Dams case of new dams, the policy aims at ensuring that involves the construction of a large experienced and competent professionals design and dam (15 m or higher) or a high hazard * supervise construction; the Borrower adopts and dam; if a project is dependent on an implements dam safety measures for the dam and existing dam, or a dam under associated works. In the case of existing dams, the construction. For small dams, generic policy ensures that any dam upon which the dam safety measures designed by performance of the project relies is identified, a dam qualified engineers are usually safety assessment is carried out, and necessary adequate. additional dam safety measures and remedial work are Under LGSP, there will be no implemented. The policy also recommends the funding for the construction or preparation of a generic dam safety analysis for small rehabilitation of any dams. ________________ dams. OP 7.50 Projects The objective of this policy is to ensure that Bank- This policy is triggered if any river, in International financed projects affecting international waterways canal, lark or similar body of water I Waters would not affect: (i) relations between the Bank and that forms a boundary between, or its Borrowers and between states (whether members any river or body of surface water that of the Bank or not); and (ii) the efficient utilization flows through two or more states; any and protection of international waterways. tributary; or any bay, gulf straight or channel bounded by two or more states are affected. Under LGSP, investment activities that could have an impact on intemational waterways will not be funded. I OP 7.60 Projects This policy ensures that projects in disputed areas are This policy will be triggered if the in Disputed dealt with at the earliest possible stage: (a) so as not to proposed project will be in a Areas affect relations between the Bank and its member "disputed area"; if the Borrower(s) countries; (b) so as not to affect relations between the is/are involved in any disputes over I Borrower and neighboring countries or other an area with any of its neighbors; and claimants; and (c) so as not to prejudice the position if there is a chance that any of either the Bank or the countries concerned. component or sub-component I financed or likely to be financed as part of the project is situated in a disputed area. Under LGSP, investment activities * ________________ will not take place in disputed areas. I I I I 51 I I ANNEX 5 Summary Environmental Mitigation Plan (EMP) for the Local Government 3 Support Program (LGSP) Project Mitigation Responsible Monitoring Time Cost Activity Measures Implementing Responsibility Horizon estimates Agency (US$) Investments in Environmental Planning Teams: Sub-project At Included in I infrastructure and Social TPT for LLGs implementer/ planning project sub-projects Screening (assisted by DFT) EC/DEnvO stage ___________ ____________ DM T for HLGs Public Sub-project EC/DEnvO Througho Included in Consultations/ implementers/ ut project project sensitiation Planning Teams cycle Prepare RAP as Planning Teams/ EC/DEnvO/ After Included in necessary Service Providers PCU at PO- screening project RALG results 3 Complete Qualified member DEnvO At Included in Environmental of Planning Team planning project and Social stage 3 Checklist Carry out EIA Planning Team/ EC/DEnvO As $18,000 service providers PCU-PO- required 3 RALG/ NEMC Construction Environmental DED's office DEnvO Ongoing Included in stage Guidelines for (District contract Contractors/ Technical Dept.) Implementers Operation and Regular Sub-project EC/DEnvO Ongoing Included in I Maintenance Maintenance of implementer project sub-projects, through including medical appropriate sector l waste committees i.e. management school, health, water, public _f works Public Education Sub-project EC/DEnvO Ongoing Included in Awareness implementers/ project 3 Raising under Planning Teams water supply sub- projects 3 Leakage detection Sub-project EC/DEnvO Ongoing Included in & regular implementers project maintenance (i.e. through Water 52 l I l water points) Committees Capacity Train the Trainer: NEMC/ service PCU at PO- Quarterly $1,326,000 Building EIA Training for providers RALG existing District level staff in 13 * regions Training Needs NEMC PCU at PO- $870,000 Assessment for RALG 5 three ecologically distinct regions: Dar, Kilimanjaro, l Iringa Update existing NEMC PCU at PO- Ongoing $10,000 Training Manual RALG l for Bagamoyo, Meatu Regions l TOTAL $2,224,0002 I l I I I l l 2Will be included in project costs 53 I I I I ANNEX 6 NATIONAL MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 54 I I United Republic of Tanzania The World Bank I l l l National Health-Care Waste Management Plan -Draft - I I I January 2003 I US = 980 TSL for ac SlIstiJail (ieab. 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Группа Всемирного банка · Environmental Assessment
Tanzania - Local Government Support Program Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 1 of 2) : Environmental and social management framework
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