Краткие отчеты о совещаниях 1983 г.

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CatrnTapHaR HHCITeKUHR HMnOPTHPYeMblX npo.llYl<TOB !lHTaHHR He ~a C03J]aBaTI, HeHYDi]>JX npenRT=Bml ,IIJ1R Mel'-JlYHaponHOO TOproBnH. 10 . OcHOBHoe BHHMaHHe B .aeRTeJibHOCTH no caHHTapHOMy KOHTJ'.X).IIIO 3a nponyKTaMH !lHTaHHR .IJOmHO y.aenRTI,CR KOHcyJibTHµOBaHHIO H oOY,.eHJ,{J(), a He ocymecTBneHJ-110 KapaTeJibHblX Mep. CaHKID!H Heo0XO,llHK> npHMeHRn, 11HIJlb B CJJY'<aRX HaMepeHHoro HapymeHHR 3aKOHa HnH npecTy!THOH xanaTHOCTH. 11. OOy,.eHHe mru, paoora10111HX C npo.llYl<TaMH nHTaHHR, npaBHnaM rnrneHbl nHl!leBbJX npo.llYl<TOB RBnReTCR OnHHM H3 HaHOonee ~KTHBHblX cpe.a=B coBepmeH=BOBaHHR rnrneHH'<ecKOH npaKTHKH, TaKHM oOyqeHl-feM .ll0n1"eH C\bJTI, OXBa'<eH nepcoHan Bcex ypoBHeH - OT PYKOBO,ll/lllll-OC paoorHHKOB .IIO KOHKpeTHb[l( HCIT0nHHTene.A. TaKaR CTO.llrOTOBKa ,IJOmHa BORTH B Ka'<e=Be OnHOrO H3 OCHOBHblX sneMeHTOB BO oce yqeOHble nporpaMMbl KypcOB .llnR nHU, paooral01!IHX C npo.llYl<TaMH nHTaHHR, a TaK1"e PYKOBO,ll/ll!lero nepcoHana . Ba1"H;'IO poJib B STOM oOyqeHl-fH .aomeH HrpaTb caHHTapHb1'1 HHCITeKTop. OCHOBHoe BHl-fMaHHe CJJe,llyeT y.aenHTb oOy,.eHHJO nepcoHana, paOoTaJOlllero Ha Tex y,.a=KaX, KOTOPbJe '<a!lle Bcero .aaJOT BCITbllJll(H ffil1JleBb[l( ~KUHH H HHTOKCHKaUHA. 12. OOY,.eHHe nOTpe0HTeneA pa3nH'<HblM acneKTaM rnrneHbJ ITPO.IIYKTOB nHTaHHR Heo0XO,IIHMO .1InR COKpal!leHHR '<HCna B03HHKaJOlllHX B ObJTY Oone3HeH, Bbl3BaHHblX nHl!leBbJMH ITPO.DYKTaMH. OOyqeHHe OCHOBaM rHrHeHbJ nPQ.IIYKTOB nHTaHl-fR CJJe,llyeT Ha'<HHaTb KaK M01"HO paHblIJe B paMKax oOyqeHl-fR ™'<HOH rnrneHe H' Jly'{llle Bcero, B xo.ae 3aHRTHH B Ha'<aJibHOH lllKOne. Bo ecex B03M01"HbJX cnyqaRX caHl-fTapHbJe HHCITeKTOPbT .ll0n1"Hbl aKTHBHO yqaCTBOBaTb B TaKoro po.aa MeponpHRTHRX H co.aeli=BOBaTb HX npoee.aeHJ-IIO . Cne.ayeT TaK1"e pa=MOTPeTb B03M01"HOCTH HCITOJib30BaHHR COBpeMeHHblX cpe.a=e HH<f)opMaUHH B STHX uenRX . 13. Cne.ayeT YJlY'{DIHTb KOOP.IIHHaUHIO .aeRTeJibHOCTH CJTY1"0 catrnTapHoro KOHTponR 3a npo.ayKTaMH IlHTaHHR KaK Ha HaUHOHaJibHOM, TaK H Ha Me1".ayHaponHOM ypoeHRX. KoHe'<HOH ueJlblO RBnReTCR B3aHMHoe ITPH3HaHHe ~KTHBHOCTH pa3m-NHbJX CH=eM, YnopR.llO'<eHl-fe Ha Mel'-,llyHaponHOM ypoeHe TpeC\oBaHHH, npe.lll,RBnReMbJX K npo.ayKTaM nHTaHHR, a TaK1"e nopR.lll(a npoee.aeHHR CaHHTapHOH HHCITeKUHH co.aeHCTBOBaJJO Ol,r .llOCTH1"eHJ,UO STOO uenH. 14 . B HeKOTOpblX =paHax npe.a=aenReTCR HeoOXO,IIHMbJM nOBbJCHTb ypoeeHb no.arOTOBKH caHHTapHbJX HHcneKTOpoB. TaKHM Me)f,nyHapo.lIHbJM opraHH3aUHRM, KaK ~AO HnH 803 cne.aoBano Obi pa3paOoTan, npe.anol'-eHHR no nporpaMMaM HX no.arOTOBKH, HCITOJib3YR ,IIJ1R STOro H3n01"eHHblH B ,llaHHOM OT'<eTe npod)ecCHOHaJibHbJH npoc!)af!n. - 11 - 6E30IlACHOCTb Xl1Mli'-IECKl1X BEWECTB L - 13 - ITpoeKT llPOOH "Co:rpy=E!CTBO eeponeAcKHX crpaH no acneKTaM rnrneHhl OK YJttalOllleA c c KOHTpoJleM 3a XJ,!MH'lecKHMl-1 Bent 002) T pen,e COBemamte Pyi<OBO,IIRlllero KOMHTeTa Baptta, Bo.nrapHR, 16-19 ¢eBpaJIR 1983 ro,lla Bee.aeHHe ICP/RCE 903(24)(S) 0610A 6 anpeJIR 1983 l"'O,lla OPHTIIHAJI: AHrJJHHCK11ft TpeTbe C:OBe!llaHHe Pyi<OBO,!lR!llero KOMHTeTa no npoeKTY ITPOOH "COTPY=ecTBO eeponeHCKHX CTPaH no acneKTaM rnrneHhl OKPYll@IOllleH cpe.llbl, CBR3aHHl>IM C KOHTpQJleM 3a XJ,IMH'lecKHMH Be!llE!CTBaMH" Ob!JlO npoee.aeHO EBponeHCKHM perHOHaJibHl,IM Olopo B03 no npttrnameHHIO npaBHTeJn,CTBa BonrapH B BapHe. Ha C:OBe!llaHHli npHcyTCTBOBaJJH npe.aCTaBHTeJJH 10 rocy.aapCTB - 'IJleHOB EBponeAcKoro pernoHa, a TaK~e COTPY.!lHHKH ITPOOH , MOT H 003 . UeJJH TPenero C:OBe!llaHHR c:o=ORJlH B CJJeJJY!O!lleM: ITpe,!lCTaBHTb H oueHHTb OT'leTbl O xo.ae peaJIH3aUHH MeponpHRTHA B paMKax nepBOA ¢a3hl YKa3aHHOro npoeKTa; npe.aCTaBHTb H o0cy,!lHTb Matt paOOThl B PaMKax BTOPQH ¢a3hl; oOcy,!lHTb MelUiaUHOHaJibHhle cornameHHR O COTPY=ecTBe, KacalO!llHecR npoee.aeHHR MeponpHRTHH, npe.aCTaBJIRIO!llHX oO!llHA HHTepec. BhlBO.!lhl H peKoMeH.aaUHH 1 . no npoci,Oe ITPOOH CTPaHhl, yqaCTBOBaB!llHe B peaJIH3aUHH MeponpHRTIGi nepBOH ¢a3hl npoeKTa ITPOOH, ,!lQ.rmll,I npe,aCTaBHTb ,llaHHhle O CBOHX nepBOO'lepe,!lHhlX 3a,aaqax H .aeRTeJn,HOCTH, npoBO.!lHMOO B HaCTORl!lee BpeMR Ha HaUHOHaJlbHOM ypoBHe. 2 . B OT'leTbJ O peaJJH30BaHHhlX MeponpHRTHRX cne.ayeT BKJDO'IHTb TaKOH oO'.beM HH<l>opMaUHH, KOTOphlA IT03 B0JlHT npoBecTH OUeHKY 3Ha'IHMOCTH pe3y.llbTaTOB B CBeTe C:OBpeMeHHOl"'O COCTORHHR .nen, HanpHMep, 0 THnax H Mf2CTOHaxo~.aeHHH HCTO'IHHKOB, HCITO.llb3yeMbIX npoueccax H T,,!l. ITonHhle H a.neKBaTHhle OT'leTbl o0o Bcex MeponpHRTHRX KaK QcylllecTBJIReMhlX, TaK H 3aeep!lleHHh1X , .no~ OhlTb Ol>opMJJeHhl B COOTBeTCTBHH C o0pa3UOM, nony'leHHhlM OT rnaBHOro TexHH'lecKoro C:OBeTHHKa, KOTOphlH ce== CO BCeMH KOOp,!lHHaTOpaMH, 'lbH OT'le'I'bl He COOTBeTCTBYKJT BblllleyTJOMffHYTblM KpHTepHRM. ,UJJR CBe,!leHHR H npe,llBapHTem,HoA oueHKH OT'le'I'bl cne.ayeT Oe3 3a,aep~H ttanpaBHTb KOOp.DHHaTOPaM , 3. ,UJJR co.aeACTBHR npHMeHeHHIO nOJJy'leHHhlX pe3ym,TaTOB B QT'leTax cne.ayeT HCITO.llb30BaTb TO'IHYIO TepMHHOJlOrHIO, ,UaHHhle H3;"1eHHR COCTORHHR 3,!lOPQBbR HaCeJieHHR .no~ HMeTb COOTBeTCTBYJOIIIYJO noMeTKy H ,am,cl>epeHUHJ)OBaTbCR C .aaHHhlMH 3nH,!leMHOJ10rH'lecKOro Ha,!l3opa, 4 . Ha ,!laHHOM 3Tane peaJIH3aUHH npoeKTa KOOp,!lHHaTCJµ,I ,!lO.rmll,I npe.aCTaBHTb no B03MO~HOCTH TO'IHYJO HCXO.IJHYl(l HH<l>opMaUHJO O HeOl>HUHaJibHhlX MeJt.ayHapo,IIHhlX CBR3RX, no.a.aepllHBaeMhlx B paMKax npoeKTa. Ha Ha'la.llbHhlX CTa,!lHRX BTOpai ¢a3hl 3Ta HeOl>HUHa.llbHaJI CeTb CBR3H noJlyqHT COOTBeTCTBYJ(l!IIYlO no.a.aep~y, H rT!)H npoee.aeHHH npoMe~TO'IJ-IOro o03opa paOOThl no npoeKTY Oy.ayT npe.acraBJieHhl HC'lepnh!BalOlllHe ,llaHHhle oO OC!beMe, UeJIRX H 3a,aaqax TaKOl"'O oOMeHa HH<l>opMaUHeH, 5 . Koop.DHHaTOPbl, KOTO)'.ll,Ie HMeIOT tteoOXO.DHMbili CXlblT H npoRBJIRKJT ocoOhlA HHTepec K peaJJH3aUHH MeponpHRTHH no npoeKTY, .!lOimHbl HrpaTb Be.!lYIIIYJO po.llb B 3TOH oOnaCTH. B HX ¢YHKUHH Oy,aeT BXO,!lHTb oOHOBJleHHe ,llaHHblX O TeKY!llHX MepQnpHRTRX B .DPYrHX yqaCTBYlllllHX CTPaHax, pac:npocTpaHeHHe 3TOA HHCl>opMaUHH cpe.DH Koop.DHHaTOpoB, npoee.aeHHe oueHKH H pacnpQCTpaHeHHe cee.aeHHA o nOJJy'leHHhlx pe3Y.llbTaTax. KpoMe TOro, OHH ~ BhlBePRTb nOJJy'laeMYJ() HH<l>opMaUHJO H oOecne'!HBaTb ee Ka'lecTBO, Bo3MOllHO, B pallKax 3TOH paOOThl MOllHO npe.ayCMOTpeTb nepHO,IIH'lecJ<Yl() nyOm!KaUHJO cneUHa.llbHOro OioJlJleTeHR no pacCMaTPHBaeMOMy eonpocy. B Te'leHHe .DBYX CJJeJJY!OlllHX MecRUeB rnaeHWI TelCHH'lecKHH COBeTHHK c e=eTCR CO BCeMH Koop,!lHHaTOpaMH .!lJ1R BhlRCHeHHR HX 3runrrepecOBaHHOCTH B BhlITOJJHeHHH HMH BblllleYKa3aHHOO - 14 - pollH. npe.nnonaraeTCR, 'ITC cornameHJ-11! OYl!YT B npHHUH!le .DOCTiff'HYTbl B Te't{eHHe 't{eTblpeX MecFIUeB H 'ITC CeTb Be.IIYlllHX yqpe~.neHHH Ha't{HeT .neHCTBOBaTh no npOlllecTBHH lllecTH MecFIUeB. 9Ta CeTb Oy.neT HCnOJn,3OBaHa B Ka't{ecTBe CTPYKTYPHOH OCHOBbl .Dn1! pa3BHTl-lfl nOCTORHHOro COTpy.llHH't{e=aa nocne 3aaepmeHHR npoeKTa. 6. OOecneqeHHe Ka't{ecTBa H cpaBHHMo=H .naHHWC llllnReTCR cymecTBeHHblM KOMnOHeHTOM MeponpHRTHH, peaJJH3yeMMX B COOTB=BliH C COBMecTHOH nporpaMMOH. Yqa=BYIOD!l-le yqpe)l:.lleHHR .DO- KOOp,llHHHpoBaTh Ha Me~Hapo,llHOM ypoBHe pa31lH't{Hhle KOMnOHeHTII 9nH.DeMHQnOf"H't{ecKHX Hccne.noaaHHH, o0pal!laRCb no Mepe HeoOXO,llHMo=H 3a noMOlllblO K BHeMHHM 9Kcnep-raM H yql)ell,lleHHRM. PaCXO,llhl, CBR3atrnble C TaKoro po.na nOMOblblO, Oyl!"fT noKpblBaThCR B COOTBeTCTBliH C KOHTP<ll(TaMH, KOTOpble Oy.nyT 3aKJIIO't{eHbl C OT.DeJn,HblMH yql)e~.DeHHRMH. 7. Yqa=HHKH coaemaHHR .DCCTH,IIH cornacHR B TOM, 'IT() KOOp,llHHaTOPhl Oy.nyT HecTH OTBeTCTBeHHo=b 3a oOecneqeHHe COOTBeTCTBYIOMHX npaBHTe=BeHHWC yql)ell,lleHHH B HX =paHax peKOMeH.DaUHflMH H TO't{HQe pa3MCHeHHe co.nepMaHHR 9THX peKOMeH.naJ.JHH. 8. Bcex KOOP.DHHaTOpoB H PernoHam,Hoe Oiopo .ao KOHUa anpenR 1983 ro.na cnemeT CHaO,IIHTb ~OKYMeHTOM o n oneBblX npoaepKaX, KOTopblH own pa3paOoTaH B BonrapHH. Pe3ym,TaTbl npe.naapHTeJibHOH oueHKH, KOTOPble .IBIOT npe.ncTaaneHHe o ~epe ero npHMeHeHHR, 1-1cnom,3oaaHH11 H MeTo.aonornH, cnemeT HanpaBHTb a PernoHam,Hoe O10po. 9. Meponpl-lf!THR, ocymecTBnReMb1e Ha n >BOM 9Tane npoeKTa, Oy.nyT co.neA=BOBaTb YKpenneHHIO H pacmHpeHHIO HaUHOHaJlbHhlX nporpaMM no XHMH't{eCKOH Oe3onaCHOCTH He TOJlhKO B oOna=Rx, HMelOMHX Henocpe.n=aeHHoe OTHOllleHHe K UenRM npoeKTa, HO H B j'.)R.Ile oOna=eH , CBR3aHHbIX C HHM nHMb KOCBeHHO. Pe3ym,TaThl peami3aI.DiH MeponpHRTHH nepaoro 9Tana npoeKTa oOecneqaT OCHOBY .DnR ycnemHOH pean1-13aUH11 ero BToporo 9Tana. 10. OKOH't{aTeJibHhlH QT't{eT o nepBOM 9Tane npoeKTa Oy.neT no.nrOToaneH qepe3 6 He.nem,, Ha npHJioMeHHRX K HeMY Oy.nyT onyOnHKOBaHbl TeXHH't{ecKHe .DOKna,Ilhl O peanH3OBaHHblX MeponpHRTl-lf!X. KpoMe Toro, B HeM Oy.nyT OTpa~eHbl Meponpl-lflTHR no npoOneMaM, HMelOl!IHM 1lHMb KOCBeHHoe OTHOl!leHHe K uenRM npoeKTa, KOTopble <l>HHaHCHpYIOTCR H3 BHel!IHHX H=O't{Hl-fKOB H pea11H3YIOTCR B paMKax oOmeeaponeHCKOO nporpaMMhl. 11. YqaCTHHKH cornaCHIIHCb c TeM, 'ITC HCcne.noaaHHR <l>aKTOpoB BHeMHeH cpe.Dbl H no.naep~eHHOCTH Oonb=oro nepcoHana neKaP=BeHHblM H .npyrnM XHMJ.l't{ecKHM aemecTaaM cnemeT BKnJO't{HTh a nnaHbl paOoThl no oOcyll,llaeMbIM npoeKTaM. 12. OCHOBHOH eypc no TOKCHKOnOrHH a paMKax nporpaMMbl no.nrOTOBKH ~ 1 Oy.neT npoae.neH npH co.neACTBHH Mor B nop-ryranHH .DnR npe.n=aBHTeneA =paH, roaopRMHX Ha nOpTYram,CKOM R3bIKe. Kypc no TOKCH't{HOCTH necTHUH.DOB .non~eH OblTh opraHH3OBaH a BonrapliH a KOHUe 1983 ro.na HJJH a caMOM Haqane 1984 ro.na npH Ha~ .DOCTaTO't{HOro 't{Hcna cnymaTeneA. 13. npe.n=aaHTenH Mor 3aRBHJJH o Ha.MepeHH11 9TOH opraHH3aUHl1 yqacTBOaan, a npoae.neHHH 3annaHHpoBaHHoro KYpca no o0MHM acneKTaM TOKCHKonorHH H KOHTPQnR 3a B03.DeA=BHeM XHMH't{eCKHX aemecTB. MOT OePeT Ha ceOR OTBeT=BeHHo=b 3a nO.DrOTOBKY B oOna=H KOHTPQnR 3a npDH3BO.D=BeHHblMH Bpe,llHOCTRMH. OHa TaKMe oOecne= HCXO.DHhle MaTepHanbl H npe.nOCTaBHT O.DHOro neKTOpa . H3 <!>OH.DOB npoeKTa Ha 9To MeponpHRTHe Mor a=HrnoaaHa cyMMa a 3500 aM • .nonn. 14. Yqa=BYJOMHe B .IBHHOM npoeKTe =paHbl, pacnonoMeHHble no ~YHaJO. pa=MOTPRT BO3MO.itHo=H MOHHTOPHHra XHMH't{ecKoro 3arpR3HeHHR peKH, oOycnoaneHHble cOpocoM B BOl!Y pa31lH't{HMX OTXO.DOB. 15. Y't{HThlBal! Oom,mylO 3aHHTepecoBaHHOCTb yqa=BYIOIIIJ,IX =Pali B pe111eHH11 HaHOonee OC'I'J)ci:i npoOneMbl, CBR3aHHoA C OKa3aHHeM 't{pe3Bbl't{aH8OH nOMOl!IH, CQ't{TeHO uenecooOpa3HblM noBTOPHTb B 1984 rom paccMOTpeHHe cyMecTBYIOl!IHX CH=eM OKa3aHHR 't{pe3Bbl'raHHOO nOMOl!IH, aHanOf"H't{HQe TOMY, KOTOpoe Oblno npoae.neHHo a 1981 ro.ny. Ue.rn, HOBOro aHaJTH3a COCTOHT B oueHKe ,IIOCTHn-fYThlX 3a yKa3aHHblA nep1-1O.n ycnexoa. BblJlO TaKMe OTMeqeHO, 't{TQ He ace =paHbl MOryT npe.ncTaBHTb .DeTam,HYJ() HH<l>opMaUHIO B 9TOO oOnaCTH no oO'.beKTHBHhlM npH't{HHaM, ~l!IHM nonoMeHHe B 9THX rocy.naP=aax. 16. Cne.ny10111ee COBemaHHe, KacaIOl!leecR COBMecTHhlX MeponpHRTHH B oOnaCTH KOHTPQnR 3a necTHUH.IBMH H cope.neneHHR =eneHH HX BOO.neA=BHR Ha 3.DOpoBbe qenoaeKa, COCTOHTCR B 'I'YPUliH, ecllH Ha TO Oy.neT cornacHe npaBHTem,=aa 9-rdl =paHhl. 17. Cne.ny10111ee coaemaHHe PYJ<OBO.DR111ero KOMHTeTa =o= B BeHrPHH B Mae HJJH HJOHe 1984 ro.na . PYKOBO.IIRlllJ,!A KOMHTeT B OCHOBHOM pa=MOTPHT pe3ym,TaTbl ocymecTBnReMblX MeponpHRTHH H oOcy,llHT nocne.DYJOMHe .neAcTBHR. Bee QT't{eTbl .nonMHhl J10CTYT1HTb K rnaBHOMY TeXHH't{ecKOMy COBeTHHKy K KOHUY <l>eapann 1984 ro.na, nocne qero oHH OY.DYT HanpaaneHbl qneHaM KOMHTeTa He noo.DHee, qeM 3a MecFIU .ao Haqana paOoThl coaemaHHR. - 15 - Yqa=Hl-!KH coBemaHHR c coll<aJ!eHJ,1eM KOH=aTI!poBam-1 QTCYTCTBHe npe.11=aBHTeJ1eA <f>AO, DI01.IIO H DHE!1, KOTOPble MOrml Obi BHe=H UeliHl,IH BKJJa.11 B paOoTy COBemaHHR B CBR3H C TeM, 'ITC ueJlb!A PR.II !TPQBO.IIHMblX 9 TIIMH opraHJ,13aUHRMH MeponpHRTHH TecHO CBR3aH C ,llaHHblM ITpoeKTOM. 18. Yqa=H COBemaliJ,!R oOcy,IIHJJH, paccMOTpem! 1-1 BHecm! !TOllpaBKH B npe,IIBapHTem.HbIH .IIOKYMeHT ITO BTOPQMY 9Tany npoeKTa, Y.llem!B oco0oe BHHMaliJ,!e !Tpe.lllT011araeMblM pe3Y1lbTaTaM, lTOCJle.llY)OllleA .11eRTe1lbHo=H H COOTBeTCTBYIOmHM MaTepHa1lbHblM nOTpe0Ho=RM. OHH TaKlle O.lloOPHml OTPe.DaKTHPQBaHHblH eapHaHT .IIOKYMeHTa ,ll.llR lTOBTOpHOro npe.11=aBJ1eHHR ere Ha CpoqHoe paCCMOTpeHHe 11POOH. - 16 - Mel!UIYHapo.ItHoe paOoqee coee111aHJ,1e no pa3BHTIIIO H no,nraroeKe KallPQB B o0naCTl1 TOKCHKOJlOrnJ.I H XHMI-NeCKOH Oe3onaCHOCTl1 flIOKceMOypr , 28 HOl!OpR - 2 .neKaOpR 1983 rona ICP /RCE 903(2S)(S ) O986A 11 anpeJ1R 1984 rona OPl1I'HHAJI: AHI'JJl,lfcl<J.lf{ Bceeoopacraxmee 3HaqeHJ,1e OoPbOLI c Bpel!HhlM B03.lleAcreHeM Ha 3.nopom,e qenoeeKa TOKCJ,NHJ,IX XHMI-NecKHX eemecTB, pacry111He nQTPeCiHOCTH B QOecneqeHHH XHMI-NeCKOH Oe3onaCHOCTl1 KaK B np()Mblll!JleHHO pa3BHTblX, TaK H B pa3BHBaKlllHXCR CTpaHax o0yCJ1OBHJU.i 3Ha4HTe11bHO OoJlbll!YIO HeoOXO.IDIMOCTb oOecneqeHMR no,nroTOBKH KallPQB B 3TOH o0naCTl1. Pa3BHTHe H no.nrOTOBKa pa3J!HqHblX KaTeropHH nepcoHana B oOJlacTH KOHTPQJlR 3a XHMJ.NeCKHMH Bell!e=BaMH RBJlReTCR O.IIHHM H3 BaJ!OleHMHX KOMnOHeHTOB Mell(.nyHapo.ItHOO nporpaMMbl lliETI/Mar /803 no XHMI-NeCKOH Oe3onacHOCTl1 (MflXB) , a TaKll(e nporpaMMbl XHMI-NeCKOH Oe3onaCHOCTH, ocymecTBJlReMOH EeponeACKHM pernoHaJlbHblM O~ 803. B EeponeACKOM 3KOHOMI-NeCKOM cooetne=ee yTBepll(,lleH PRJl ,ID!peKTHB, TPe0~HX npoeeneHHR o ueHKH onacHo=eA .llJ1R 3.llOPQBbR, CBR3aHHblX C XHMI-NeCKHMH Bellle=BaMH, peaJ1H3auHH Mep Oe3onacHOCTH, a TaKll(e TOKCHKOJlOl"'H"lecKOH npoeepKH HOBblX XHMH4eCKHX eeruecTB. TaKHM o0pa3OM, BOllp()Cbl pa3BHTHR H nO.nrOTOBKH KallPQB B pa3JlH'rnhlX oOJlaCTRX TOKCHKOJlOrnJ.I nonyqHJlH Bb!COKYIO oqepe.ItHOCTb Ha Mell(nyHaPO.IIHOM ypoBHe. KOMHCCHR eeponeAcKHX cooetne=B (KE)2), B qaCTHOCTl1 , reHepaJ!bHblH ,ID!peKTopaT no BOflPOCaM 3aHRTOCTl1, COUHaJlbHOro oOecneqeHHR H oOpa3OBaHHR, a TaKll(e reHepaJlbHbM ,llHpeKTopaT no HaY!(e, HCCJle,llOBaHHRM H pa3BH= COBMecTHO C EeponeHCKHM pernOHaJ!bHblM 0~ 803 q:,raHH3OBaJ1H naHHoe Pa0o4ee COBell!aHHe B paMKaX MTIXB C ueJlbIO npoee.neHMR nyqrueA oueHKH nQTPeOHo=eA B Ka,IIpaX B oOJ1aCT11 TOKCHKOJlOrnJ.I, a TaKll(e o ueHKH nporpaMM oOyqeHMR H nO,nrQTOBKH KallPQB H BbrpaOoTKH peKOMeHnaUHH no HJ,IM. Tipoee.neHJ,1e coeemaHMR coneAcrBOBaJ1O ynopRnoqeH= npoeo.miMoA paOoThl H coeep111eHCTBOBa~ HCCTOJ1b3yeMbTX nO.llXO.llOB , 4TO, B CBOIO oqepe.llb, .llOJlll(HO noMO4b H30ella.Tb .nyOJ!HpoBaHMR ocyme=BJlReMOH .neRTeJlbHo=H. B paOOTe Coee111aHMR npHHRJlH yqaCT11e 146 npe.ncTaBHTeneA H3 35 CTpaH ocex lllecTH pernOHOB 803. Cpe.mi yqaCTHJ,!KOB CoBell!aHHR Ct.tnH cneUHaJlHCThl B caMblX pa3HblX oOJlaCTRX, BKJll()qaR <!>aPMaKOJlO~, BeTep1rnap~ Me.IDIUHHY , XH~ , OHOXHMHIO, 3nH,lleMHOJ1O~, npcxf)eccHOHaJ1bHYIO Me.IDIUHHY H oOme=eeHHoe 3,llpaBOOxpaHeHJ,le. 8 HX 4HCJ1e Ct.1J1H cneUHaJlHCThl , paOOTaxmHe B ueHTpaX no KOHTPOJllO 3a TOKCH4HblMH XHMH"<leCKHMH Be111ecTBaMH, Ha COOTBeTCTBYIOIIIHX arneneHHRX YHHBepcHTeTOB , B npaBHTeJlbCTBeHHblX y-qpell(,lleHMRX H HHCTl1TYTaX, B npaf)co103ax H B nPQMblll!J1eHHOCT11. YqaCTHJ,1KH CoeemaHHR noneeprJ1H paccMOTPe= H oueHKe nRTb cne.nyKll!HX oOmHx oOnacreA: MeTO.llOJlOrHR onpe.neneHMR nQTPeOHo=eA B pa3JlH"<IHb!X KaTeropHRX cneUHaJlHCTOB! npocf>eccHOHaJ!bHble npo¢aHJ1hl H CTPYKTYPbl npo,llBHll(eHMR no CJ1Yll(0e B oOnaCTH TOKCHKOJlOrnJ.I; y"<leOHaR nporpab(Ma .llJ1R TOKCHKOJlOrOB H cneUHaJlHCTOB, npQXO.llRD!HX no.nrOTOBKy B oOJ1aCTl1 TOKCHKOJlOrHH! - pa3paOoTKa CTpaTenrn peaJIH3aUHH yqeOHblX nporpaMM pa3.IIJNHhlX ypoBHeA; H - KPHTepHH npH3HaHHR KBaJ1H<!>HKal.111H TOKCHKOJlOroB. OcoOoe BHJ,1MaHJ,1e OLIJlO yneneHO paccMarpe= KOHKpeTHblX nQTPeOHo=eA KaK nPQMblll!JleHHO pa3BH'l'hlX , TaK H pa3BHBaKlllHXCR CTpaH B no,nraroBKe Ka.np()B B o0JlaCTl1 XHMI-NeCKOO Oe3onaCHOCTH Ha nepBH"<JHOM Me,llHKO-CaHJ,!TapHOM ypoBHe , a TaKll(e Tex B03MOll(HblX MeponpHRTHH , npoee,lleHJ,le KOTq)blX Ha HaUHOHaJ!bHOM H Mell,llyHapo.ItHOM ypoBHRX HeoOXO,IDIMO .llJ1R PeaJIH3aUHH COOTBeTCTBYKlllHX nporpaMM nO,nrQTOBKH • .[lHCKYCCHR 1. CoBpeMeHHoe co=ORHHe nporpaMM nO,nrQTOBKH Yll(e ceH"<Jac cymecTeylOT caM.le pa3Hoo0pa3Hble CHCTeMbl nO.nrOTOBKH B o0.naCTl1 TOKCHKOJlOrnJ.I. 8 CTpaHaX EBponbl HaHOonee nPQ.llBHHYTaR no.nraroBKa npe.nno.naraeT npoxoll,lleHHe 4-neTHero no=.minnoMHoro K)'PCa B o0.naCTl1 TOKCHKOJlOrnJ.I , Bb!TlYCKHl-!KaMH KOToporo RBJlRIOTCR COOTBeTCTBYKlllHM o0pa3OM nO.nrOTOBJleHHble Ha}"0-11,ie H npocpeccHOHaJ1bHble paOQTHJ,!KH, cnel.111aJ1H3HPYKlllHecR B OCHOBHOM B o0JlaCTl1 3KCCT~PHMeHTaJ1bHOH TOKCHKOJlOrnJ.I • .[leHCTBYIOT TaKll(e MeHee nPQ.llO.llllHTeJ1bHble KYl)Cbl no,nrQTOBKH. Bo MHOrHX CTpaHax no.nrOTOBKa B o0.naCTl1 TOKCHKOJlOrnJ.I orpattH4HBaeTCR npeHMYMe=BeHHblM oOyqeHJ,1eM Hay4Hblx paOOTHHKoB H cneUHaJlHCTOB, yll(e paOOTaxmHx B O.IIHOH H3 oOnacreA TOKCHKOJlOrnJ.I. TipH 3TOM Hepe,llKO HCCTOJ1b3YeTCR yqeOHaR Oa3a .llJlR nO.llroTOBKH cnel.111aJ1HCTOB B TaKHX poncrBeHHblX oO.naCTRX, KaK aHaJlHTH"<{eCKaR XHMHR, OHOXHMHR , <!>aPMaKOJlOrHR H npo¢eccHOHaJ1bHaR rnrneHa. - 17 - 2. BOITJ)OCbl 3aHRTOCTil TOKCHKonoroe H H3yqeHHe narpeOHOCTeli B cneUHanHCTaJC 3TOro l!PO<l>HJU! B c-rpa.Hax EBP<)llbl cneUHaJlHCThl B oOnaCTH SKcnepHMeHTam.HOli TOKCHKonornH paOO'ralOT B OCHOBHOM B YHHBepcHTeTax H B npQMbllllneHHOCTil, ror.aa Kai< cneUHa.llHCThl B oOnaCTH K.IIHHH'lec:KOA TOKCHKonornH - HCKJUO'O!Tem.HO B Oom.HHuax H uetrrpaX no KOHTPOJl]O 3a TOKCINl-lhlMH XHMH'{ec:KHMH BellleCTBaMH. B paC'leTaX Ha 1988 ro.n npe,nnonaraeMble norpe0HOCTI! e TOKCHKOnorax pa3.IIH'n-ll,I H KOJ!eOJnoTCR OT 20-40 e HH,DepnaH.aax H nom,me .no 130-260 e 11Ta.llHH. B Coe.DHHeHHhlX lllTaTax cuymaeTCR HexeaTKa cneUHanHCTOB e oOnaCTH HHraJIRUl-lOHHOO H penpo.llYKTIIBHOli TOKCHKonon-ni. BhlflYCKHHKH B oOnacni TOKCHKonon-ni Cl<PYllaJalleli cpe,11,1 Oe3 TPY.Da HaXO.IIRT paOO'ry B yqeOHl,oc H Hay=o-Hccne.noeaTem.CKHX 3aee.neHHRX. B lulOHHH, Kai< HBO MHornx ,npyrnx c-rpa.Hax, OlllYlllaeTCR /!PKO BblpaJKeHHaR non,eOHOCTb B cneUHanHCTax B oOnaCTH ~ec:KOO TOKCHKononrn . 3. TIPO<PeccHOHam.Hhle flPCX!>aAJD,[ e oOnaCTH TOKCHKononrn TOKCHKOnOrnR HOCHT MHOro.llJ,ICUHnnHHapHblH xapaKTep , B 3TOA c(j)epe paOO'ralOT cneUHanHCTbl npeHMYlllecTBeHHO B TaKHX o0naCTRX, Kai< Me.llJ,IUHHa , BeTepHHaPHaR Me.llJ,IUHHa , (j)apMaJ<onornR, <!>aPMaUHR, OHonornR, OHOXHMHR H XHMHR. TOKCHKOnonoo MOJKHO pa3,ne.11HTb Ha TPH OCHOBHhle oOnaCTH: K.IIHHH'lecKylO, atta.llHT=ec:KyJO H S KcnepHMeHTam.ttyIO . K.IIH=ec:KaR TOKCHKOnornR ,DOJlll(Ha BblXO.DHTb 3a paMKH H3yqeHHR cnyqaee OCTPblX crrpaeneHHA H BKn=aTb H3yqeHHe xPO=ecKHX H cyOKnHH=eCKHX <l>OPM B0'3.DelicTBHR, a TaKJKe npoee.neHHe K.IIHHH'leCKHX H snH,neMHOnOn-NecKHX Hccne,noeaHHA B 3'1'00 oOnacTII . AHa=eCKaR TOKCHKOnornR , 0a3HPyJOlllaRCR B OCHOBHOM Ha XHMHH, BKJllO'laeT OHonon-NecKHA MOHHTOPHHr H MOHHTOPHHr OKPYlKaIOllleA cpe.llbl npH B03,Del1CTBHH TOKc= XHMHqeCKHX BellleCTB, a TaKJKe oOpaOoTKy ,DaHHhlX O .nooax , ypoBHRX B03,Del1CTBHR, e ro oueHKe H npe.nnonaraeMoA onaCHOCTI! . 9KcnepHMeHTam.HaR TOKCHKOnornR coqeTaeT e ceOe e paMKax e .11),!Horo SKcnepHMeHTam.Horo HCCne,noBaHHR sneMeHTbl J.13yqeHHR ,D03bl H.IIH ypoBHR B03,Del1CTBHR, a TaKJKe HX n ocne.DCTBHA. 4 . YqeOHbfe nporpaMM,I nO.nrOTOBKH YqeOHaR nporpaMMa n o .DroTOBKH TOKCHKOnoroe, BKnIOqeHHaR B ''Ma npower development fo r control of c hemicals", a OTeeqaeT -rpeOoeaHHRM, npe.n'.f:>RBJU!eMblM K nPO<PeccHOHam.HOMY npo!)al\ny B 66.iiacTH 3KcnepHMeHTam.HOO TOKCHKOnorHH. HeoOXO,DHMO Oom.lllee BHHMaHHe B STOA nporpaMMe y,nenHTb Ha~o- Hccne.noeaTem.CKOMY KOMnOHeHTY, nOCKOJU,Ky ,naJKe npHKJJa.llHaR TOKCHKOnornR oOb!=o co.nepJKHT sneMeHTbl Hccne.noeaTe=oo paOoru. 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TipH3HaHHe KBa.llH<!>HKaUHH TOKCHKOnoroe KoHeqHbfM pe3ym,TaTOM .moOoA CHCTeMbl nO.nrOTOBKH ,DOJDIIJiO Ob!Tb onpe,neneHHoe npH3HaHHe nonyqeHHblX 3 HaHHA. 9To npH3HaHHe MOJKeT ,DOCTI!ra'IbCR B paMKaX npoee,neHHR O<!>HUHaJU,HblX 3K3aMeHOB H.IIH oOsopa OllblTa H ,DOCTIIJKeHHli HaHOonee BH.DHb!X cneUHanHCTOB B 3TOA oOnaCTH. TIPH3HaHHe KBa.llH<!>HKaUHH "cTapmero" TOKCHKOnora HnH 00 TOKCHKonora-aHaJlHTIIKa" B03MOJKHO JlHlllb nyTeM npoee,neHHR cneUHam.Horo oOsopa OllblTa, .DOCTI!JKeHHli , cnocoOHocTeli K pemeHHJO lllHPOKOro cneK-rpa 3a,aaq e .aaHHoo oOnaCTH y roro H.IIH HHoro cneUHa.llHCTa. pe3ym,TaTbl TaJ<Oro oOsopa MOryT Ob!'Ib nonoJKeHbl B OCHOBY pemeHHR O npHcyll,lleHHH Oonee BblCOKOro 3BaHHR B oOnaCTH TOKCHKOnOrHH H.IIH 3BaHHR npo(j)eccopa. 7. OueHKa norpeOHOCTeA e TOKCHKOnorax l1cnom,3oeaHHe MO,DeneA JlJlR OUeHKH narpe()HOCTeH H cnpoca Ha cneUHanHCTOB B oOnaCTH TOKCHKononrn pacCMaTPHBa.llOCb Ha CoeemaHHH Kai< paUHOHam.Hb!A no.nxo.n K pemeHHIO ,llaHHOO npoOneMbl. 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Cepbe3HblM He.nOCTaTKOM RBJJReTCR conyT=BYJOl!IHH Jl!YM, )lJlR npQH3BO)lCTBa COJJHe<rHOH 3HeprHH TJ)eOYJOTCR 3Ha<rHTeJtI,HbJe TePPHTOPHH H .noporocTORII!He npeoOpa3OBaTeJJH, npH 3TOM Hcnom,3yfOTCR nOTeHUHaJn,HO onacHble MaTepHaJlbl, TaKHe, KaK Ka)lMHH H MblldbffK, C y<re'I'OM pacceHBaHHR COJlHe<rHOH 3HeprnH no noBepXHOCTH 3eMJJH Heo0XO.IIHMhl Oom,m1-1e KOJJJJeKTOPbl, n03TOMY =oHMOCTb TaKOH 3HeprHH BblCOKa, Bonee 3<!J<l)eKTHBHhl COJJHe<rHhle KOJJJJeKTOpbl, y=aHaBJJHBaeMhle Ha cnyTHHKax, O)lHaKO npH 3TOM B03HHKaeT onaCHo=b MHKp()BOJJHOBOro H3ny<reHHR, l1cnom,3OBaHHe 3HeprnH COJJ1-!Ua .1lJlR no.norpeBa BO,llbl B .llOMax H Ha npe.nnpHRTHRX uenecoo0pa3HO, Oe3onaCHO H 3KOHOMH<recKH Bblr0.IIHO, npH 3TOM npaKTH<recKH He B03HHKaeT onaCHo=:i, )lJlR 3.00p()BbR , PaCMHPeHHe HCJ10Jn,3OBaHHR .llPOBRHOro TOnJJHBa )lJlR oOorpeBa .llOMOB Bbl3blBaeT cep:i,e3Hble npoOneMhl, CBR3aHHble C 3arpR3HeHHeM 503.nyxa B noMemeHHRX, B pesym,TaTe KOTOporo nOBblmaeTCR co.nepll(aHHe B 503.nyxe OKHCH yrnepo.oa H nOTeHUHam,Ho KaHUeporeHHhlX JJeTY'{HX H KOH)leHCHPYeMblX opra=ecKHX coe.nHHeHHA. reoTepMam,HaR stteprHR HrpaeT B OT.lleJtI,HbTX paAottax none3HYJO pom, .oononHHTem,ttoro HCTO<rHHKa 3HeprHH, O)lHaKO B03MOll(HOCTH ee orpa=eHbl, a npH BblBO.ne Ha noBepXHo=b nOTOKa ll(H)lKOCTH BO3MOll(Hbl 3MHCCHH TaKHX TOKCH<rHblX BeMeCTB, KaK Oop, ML!blbRK H paJlOH. - 25 - I'pynna oOcy.1D-1na acneKn1 eooneAcTBHR Ha 3nopoBbe Kai1noro BHna TOflnHBa Ha BCeM npoTR•eHHH OT ero noObl'IH 'AO HC110Jlb3OBaHHR H BblRBHna B npeneapHTeJlbHOM nopRnKe HaHOonee Balmb1e H3 HHX . HaHOoJ!bmeMy PHCKY noneepraJOTCR rnua, HCnO11b3YJOIJJHe TOnnHBO B He0o11blJJHX MaCIJJTaoax HnH HH.llHBH'AYaJlbHO, nptt'leM B 9TOM CJIY'{ae onacHOCTI, yrpo• aeT caMOMy IJJHpoKOMy Kpyry monew. HH onHH H3 BHnOB TOllnHBa He11b3R c<rnTaTb OesonaCHblM nnR 3.I]OpoBbR. AJlbTepHaTHBHble HnH B03o0HOBnReMble HCTO'lHHKH 9HepI"liH MOryT npen=ae= onacHOCTb B npouecce HX HCl10Jlb3OBaHHR , HO He BO BpeMR .aoOI,i'IJ,J, o0pa0oTl<H H TpaHCl1OPTHPQBKH. npeneapHTeJlbHaR cxeMa BO3pa=aHHR PHCKa nnR 3'AOpoBbR B 3aBHCHMocnl OT H=OqHHKa 9HepI"liH co=aBnRnaCb, Ha'IJ,JHaR C oueHOK 00.llbl, 3aTeM ra3a, conHUa, He¢TH, RnepHOH 9Hepnrn , KOINaR yrneM, OnttaKO 9TH oueHKH He noJTY'Ol]IH KQnHqe=BeHHoro Bblpa•eHHR. CoxpaHeHHe 9HepI"liH Mepbl no KOHcepeaUHH 9Hepnrn, ecntt OHH oOecne=H COKpameHHe nOTpeOneHHR TOl1nHBa, cnOCOOcTBOBanH TaJ<•e yMem,meHH!O 9MHCCHH H, cnenoeaTeJlbHO, CHH•eHHIO PHCKa nnR 3'AOpoBbR. nonHTHKa npoeeneHHR oueHOK Ha OCHOBe KOHe'IJ,JOro aHanH3a, ~Tl,JBaIOIJJero cnpoc Ha 9HeprH!O, a He ee HCTO'IJ,JHK, MO•eT nOBhJCHTb 9~KTHBHOCTb pemeHHA B oOnaCTH 9HepreTHKH H cnOCOOcTooeaTb a ,cmoqeHJ.!lO Mep no coxpaHeHH!O 9Hepnrn B npouecc nnaHHPQBaHHR . B TO •e BpeMR HenpaBHJlbHble Mepbl TaKOrO pona MOryT HMeTb HeOnaronpHRTHhlH 9~KT nnR 3'AOpoBbR . HanpHMep, 3'AaHHR, nOCTJ)QeHHble C yqeTOM 3ana'l.j),J MaKCHMaJibHOro COKpalJJeHHR yTe=H Tenna, MOryT, B CBR3H C nnoxoA BeHTHJIRUHeH, cnocoOcTBOBaTb yeenttqeHJ.!lO conep~ B B03nyXe TaKHX onaCHblx 3arpR3HHTeneA, KaK panoH, ¢,opMaJibnernn, Taoalfl-ihlH .llbIM H OKHCb yrnepona . I'pynna npHMna K BblBOny, qTO MePbJ no coxpaHeHH!O 9Hepnrn .I]O.IDKHbl np()BO'AHTbCR Ha OCHOBe HC110Jlb3OBaHHR caMOH COBpeMeHHOH TeXHononrn . KpoMe TOro, e= B03MO~OCTI, 3HaqHTe11bHO COKpaTHTb PHCK nnH 3'AOp0BbR B pe3y11bTaTe C03naHHR COOTBeT=BYIOIJJHX MOneneA aBTOMalJJHH, ~eHHR ypoBHR BblxnOnHblX ra3OB H naJ!bHeAIJJero pa3BHTHR H HCl1O11b3OBaHHR oO!lle=BeHHoro TpaHCl1QP'I'a. PerHOHaJlbHble 3ana'l),J H COTpy=e=BO BhlnO yneneHo BHHMaHHe TpaHCrpaHH'OIOMy pacnpocTpaHeHHIO 3arpR3HRIOIJJHX BelJJe=B 9HepreTHqeCKOro npoHcxo•neHHR. HHTepec K pemeHH!O npoOneM 3arpR3HeHHR OKP~eH cpe,llbl, oOycnoeneHHbIA HcnOJlb3OBaHHeM 9HeprnH, H llOITblTICH B 9TOM HanpaBneHHH He nony'IJ,JnH COOTBeT=BYJOIJJero nonKpenneHHR B paMKax nporpaMMbl Ha~IX HccnenoeaHHA H neA=eHA B oOnaCTH BO3neA=BHR 9HeproH=O'IJ,JHKOB Ha 3'AOpoBbe, HeoOXOnHMOCTb B KOTOpoA Ha3pena . Y'<IB=HHKH OTMeTHnH , qTO 3aTpaThl Ha Mepbl no npo¢HnaKTHKe 3Ha=eJ!bHO HHJKe pacxonoe, KOTOpble Tpe0YIOTCR nnR Toro, qTOC'.1.1 HHBenHpoBaTb new=BHe HeraTHBHblX <J)aKTOpoB Ha 3'AOpoBbe H OKpy•aIOIJJYIO cpeny H HcnpaBHTb co3naemeecR nono•eHHe. HaOJnonaeMoe ceAqac coKparoeHHe cnpoca Ha sHepnoo cnenyeT pa=MaTJ)HBaTb B Kaqe=ee B03MO•Hocni CBoeBpeMeHHO 3annaHHpoBaTb perHOHaJlbHble MeponpHRTHR no OXpaHe 3'AOpoBbR H OKPY•aIOmeA cpe.llbJ. PeKOMeHnaUHH OnepaTHBHble 3ana'l),J 1. B03 cnenyeT H Bnpe'Ab 3aHHMaTbCR BOnpOCaMH B03neACTBHR 9HeproH=OqHHKOB Ha 3'AQp0Bbe H HrpaTb B 9'1'00 oOnaCTH Be.llY1JIYI() PQJib • B qaCTHocni, B03 nonnia 3aHHMaTbCR cOopoM COOTB=BYIOIJJes:\ MenttK<r caHHTapHOH HH<l>OPMaUHH , KOTOPaR HeOOXOnHMa nnR npHHRTHR pemeHJ,tj:f !10 CBR3aHHblM C HCnOJlb3OBaHHeM 9HeprHH BOnpocaM , H oOecne~ peKOMeH,OallHH OTHOCHTeJibHO HMelOIJJHXCR H B03MO-= onacHblX <J)aKTOpoB nnR 3'AQpoBbR. STY 3anaqy Heo0XOnHMO BhJilOnHRTb B COTpy.ll}ONecTBe C .llPYl"'HMH 3aHHTepecoBaHHblMH opraHH3aUHRMH, TaKHMH , KaK nporpaMMa C()H no OKp~eA cpene. 2. CnenyeT opraHH3OBaTb COBelllaHHR = ~eHHR Tal<HX KOHKpeTHblX npoOneM, KaK KHCnOTHble .oo•ntt, yrom, H OHOMa=a, CBR3aHHblX C BnHRHHeM 9HeproH=O'ffil,IKOB Ha 3'AOpoBbe. 3. CnenyeT cnenaTb peTpocneKTHBHblH aHanH3 eooneHCTBHR CBR3aHHblX C HCf10Jlb3OBaHHeM 9Hepnra 3a.JIJHTHhIX Mep Ha 3'AOp0Bbe qenoBeKa, C TeM qT0<'.1,1 onpenenHTb H OUeHHTb ~KTHBHOCTb npennpHHRThlX 'AeHCTBHH B uenRX YJlY'DlleHHR 3,I]opOBbR paOo= H HaceneHHR B uenoM . 4. CnenyeT KOOP'AHHHPOBaTb neRTeJ!bHOCTb no coeepmeHCTBOBaHH!O H, rne 9TO uenecooOpa3HO, rapMOHH3aUHH MeTO'AOB H paOo= npOTOKonOB npoeeneHHR 9nttneMHonornqeCKoro I«:>HHTOpHHra, cnenaTb HX Oonee cono=aBHMblMH. - 26 - BO3MOlltHble HarrpaBneHH.fl pa3B11THR .neRTeJlbHOCTH s. Cne;:iyeT pa3paOclTb!BaTb CBR3a!-!Hhle C 3HepreTHKOH nOJIHTHKY H llPHHUHl1bl OxpaHl,I 3,0OpoBbR C yqeTOM HarrpaaneHHH , llPHHRTblX B oOnaCTH 3a1111-1Tbl OT pa,!!HauHH, 6 . TaM, r.oe OHl1 ecTb, COOTBeT=ByJOl!ll-le MeTO,llbl cne.oyeT pa3 BHBaTb B ueJJIOC MOHHTOpHHra B03,DeH=BHR (j)H3H"lecKIDC H XHMH"lecKIDC areHTOB Ha OKPYlltaJOmy!O cpe.oy H OHonOI"H'lecKYJ() CH=eMy ,onR paCllll-lpeHHR HH(f)opMauHH O BnHRHHH CBR3aHHOro C 3HepreTHKOH 3arpR3HeHH.fl Ha 3.llOPDBbe qenoBeKa. 7. HeoOXO,!IHMO CTioco0=BOBaTb BHe,opeHHIO KOHUelll.lIDI "caMaJ! COBpeMeHHaR TeXHQnOrnR KOliTpOJIR" c yqeTON BalltHOCTH oOecneqeHl-lR 3KOHOMH"leCKoA 31f>4)eKTHBHOCTH, 8. Cne,nyeT Oonee aKTHBHO noompRTb Mepbl no 3KOHOMHH 3Hepn!H H HCTIOnb3OBaHHIO BO3o0HOBnRe~ J,!CTQqHl-lKOB, y,nenRR ocoOoe BHl-lMaHHe oonpocaM OxpaHl,I 3.DOPDBbR H 3KOHOMH"lecKOH 31f>4)eKTHBHo=H. 9. 4HCThle BH,Dhl TOnnHBa, HanpHMep ra3, HeoOXO.llliMO npe,no=aanRTb B pacnopRllteHHe OT,OeJlbHblX HJIH ManOMacmTaOHb!X 00nb30BaTeneA, KOTopble B OonbmeH =eneHH, qeM ,opyn-ie CKnOHHhl He coOmo.naTb HJIH HapymaTb HOPMhl OxpaHbl OKPYlltaJOmeA cpe,Dhl H 3,DOpoBbR , TonnHBO, KOTOpoe noTeHUHanbHO Oonee onaCHO KaK HCTOqHJ,!K 3arpR3HeH1-1R, HanpHMep yronb, cne,nyeT ~MHTbCR HCTIOnb3OBaTb Ha KPYnHhlX npe,nnpHRTHRX, r.ne Mepbl no KOHTpoJJJO , MOHl-lTOPHHrY H 3KOHOMHH MOryT yMeHbmHTb ero HeraTHBHoe BO3,0eH=BHe Ha 3,DOpoBbe, 10. B llPOTHBOBec qa=HOMY cne,nyeT pa3BU'BaTb 31f>4)eKTHBHhfH H Oe3onaCHblH oOme=BeHHbJH TpaHCTiopT ,DnR yMeHbnreHHR BO3,DeH=BHR Ha 3,DOpoBbe Bb!XJ,u,1OB aBTOMo0HneH H COKpameHHR =cna Hecqa~x cnyqaeB. TIOTpe6HOCTH B HayqHb!X HCcne,oOBaHHFIX 11. HeoOXO,!IHMO npoBecTH xopomo opraH1'!3OBaHHble H 3KOHOMl,fqecKH 31f>4)eKTHBH1,Je 3TIH,DeMHOnonNeCKHe H 3KcnepHMeHTanbHble HCcne,nOBaHHfl no H3yqeHHJO CBR3aHHblX C HCnOnb3OBaHHeM 3HeproH=OqH1-fKOB B03MOllHhlX 31f>4)eKTOB ,DnR 3.DOPDBbR qenoBeKa. 12. Cne,nyeT opraH1'13OBaTb l!ll-lpoKOMacmTaOHble HCCne.noBaHH.fl no H3yqeHl110 H3MeHeHHH B COCTORHHH OKpylltaIDmeH cpe,Dhl B CBR3H C onpe,neneH1-1eM ypoBHeH BO3,DeHCTBHR H KOHTHHreHTOB HaceneHHR, KOTOp!,Ie eMy no.nBepraJOTCR, 13. Cne.oyeT opraHH3OBaTb occne.noBaHHe no H3yqeHHIO reHeTH"lecKoro H repaTOreHHoro BOO,oeA=BHR 3arpR3HHTeneH 3HepreTH"lecKoro npoHCXOllt,DeHH.fl, a TaKllte ycnOBHR TaKoro B03,DeH=BHR. - 27 - HHTepKaJJHOpc)BKa MeTO.IIOB H npHOopoa MOHHTOPHHI"a H KoHcym,ranmHoe coaema.HHe no MHKpo0Honol"W-lecKHM MeTO.naM KOH'I'!)011R Ka'iecTBa npH0pelltHblX BO.II: coaMeCTwf! npoeKT B03/D-!En (ME.n non ~a3a n l BapcenoHa, 7-11 HOR0PR 1983 ro.na ICP /RCE 211(3) (S) 0768A 11 RHBaPR 1984 ro.na OPHrHHAJJ: AHI'nHOCKHl1 CoaemaHHe, opraHH30BaHHoe COBMecTHO C nporpaMMOH OOH no OKPY!taKl!leA cpe.11e (IHEil), npoxo.11HnO B C TPOHTem,Hoii 111Kone ropo.na BapcenoHbl . B HeM npHHRnH yqaCTHe 22 apeMeHHhlx coaeTHHKa H3 HcnaHJrn, 4 - H3 .IIPYI"HX cpe.11H3eMHOMQPCKHX CTPaH , 2 - H3 HeCpe.1JH3eMHOMOpcKHX =paH, a TaKJKe 2 CTPe.llCTaBHTenR D-!En H 1 COTPY.IIHHK EaponeACKoro pernoHam,Horo 010po B03. 8 paMKax o011JHX MeponpHRTHA no Cpe.1JH3eMHOMOpcKOMY nnaHy .11eiiCTBHH H, B 'iaCTHo=H, B COOTBeTCTBHH C nono11teHHRMH KOHBeHUHH 1976 ro.na O 3aJIIHTe Cpe.1JH3eMHoro MOp/1 OT 3arp113HeHHR Oom,mHH=ao cpe.1JH3eMHOMopcKHX =paH y11te npe=aaHno HnH co0HpaeTCR B CKOpoM BpeMeHH CTPe.llCTaBHTb CBOH HaUHoHam,Hble nporpaMMhl MOHHTOPHHra, RB1IIDOl!IHecR co=aBHOH 'iaCTblO .11onrocpo'iHOO nporpaMMhl no KOHTPOnIO 3 a 3arpR3HeHHeM BO.II Cpe.1JH3eMHoro Mop/I H npoae.11eHHIO Hayql-lblX Hccne.110BaHHH (ME.ll non ~asa II). nporpaMMhl npe.llYCMaTPHBalOT npoae.11eHHe MOHHTQPHHra OaKTepHonorH'iecKHX napaMeTPOB B peKpeaUHOHHblX npH0pelltHblX ao.nax H 30Hax BblpaJl!HBaHHR paKoo0pa3HhlX. PaspaOoTaHHhle .11nR PYTHHHOro onpe.11eneHHR 9THX napaMeTpoB naOopaTOpHRMH cpe.111-13eMHOMopCKHX =paH cnpaBO'iHble MeT0.111,l B3/ITHR npoO H aHaJlH3bl OCHOBHhlX MHJ<po0HonorH'iecKHX HH.IJHKaTOpoB 3arpR3HeHHR OOJlH npoaHanH3HpoBaHbl B XO.lie MelltJlY}iapo.lJHblX cpaaHHTeJll,HblX HccneooaaHHA MeT0.110B H npHOopoa H KOHcym,TaTHBHOI"O coaemaHHR no MeTO.llaM MOHHTQPHHra OTOOpaHHblX 3arp/13HHTeneA a O'iHl!leHHblX CTO'{HblX ao.nax H npHOpellHblX peKpeauHOHHblX B0.llax (PHM, 22-26 HOR0pR 1982 ro.na) • .ilnR oOecne'ieHHR cpaBHHMo=H pe3ym,TaTOB H KOHTPQnR Ka'iecTBa Ha HaUHOHaJn,HQM H MelltHaUHOHaJn,HOM ypoBHRX B PR.lie cpe.lJH3eMHOMOpcKHX CTPaH 3annaHHPQBaHO npoae.11eHHe cepHH cpaBHHTeJn,HhlX HCCTblTaHHH MeTO.IIOB H npHOopoB. 3TH HC!lblTaHH/1 CTPe.llYCMaTPHBalOT yqacTHe B HHX uenoro PR.Ila cneUHaJlHCTOB H3 =paHbl , r.11e QCyl!lecTBnReTCR nporpaMMa MOHHTOPHHra , a TaKllte HeKOToporo 'iHCna npe.ncTaBHTeneA .npyrHX naOopaTOpHH cpe.lJH3eMHOMOpcKHX =paH, 3aHHMaJOIIIHXCR peanH3aUHeii TOH lite nporpaMMI,J. KpoMe Toro, nna.HHPYeTCR y'iaCTHe npe.n=aBHTeneA Hecpe.lJH3eMHOMOPCKHX CTpaH, KOTOpoe pacCMaTPHBaeTCR B Ka'ie=ae npe.1JBapHTeJ11,HQH nOfThlTKH pacmlfPHTb HCCTOJ11,30BaHHe MeTo .11onornA B .IIPYI'HX perHOHax. nepaoe HCTlhITaHHe B 9TOO cepHH npoae.11eHO B CTPQHTeJn,HOH IIJKOne nonHTeXHH'iecKOro YHHBepcHTeTa ropo.11a BapcenoHhl, a .110 9TOI"O, neTOM 1983 ro.11a, COCTORnHCb Me11tnaOopaTOPHble HcnblTaHHR cnpaBO'flibIX MeT0.110B B KaTanOHHH, HcnaHHR. 3TH MeponpHRTHR npecne.11oaaJ1H .11Be uenH: .llaTb B03MOlltHOCTb yqa~aM npoaecTH Ha=011111He naOopaTopHble TecTbl no onpe.11eneHHIO OaKTepHam,Hblx napaMeTPQB Ha OCHOBe HCCTOJn,30BaHHR Tex 11te npo0 MOpcKoA B0.111,l H Tex lite MeTO.IIOnor-HA; npoaHaJIH3HpoBaTb pe3ym,TaTbl naOopaTOpHblX H=ne.11011aHHH H awpaOoTaTb HeoOXO.IIHMhle peKOMeH.llaUHH .11nR HCnOJll,30BaHHR npH npoae.11eHJrn .IIPYrHX HCCTblTaHHH 9ToA cepHH, paBHO KaK peKOMeH.llaUHH, KaCaIOIJIHecR .IIPYrHX CBR9aJ-!HblX C .llaHHblM BOnpocOM TeM. ,llHCKYCCH/1 H BblB0.111,l 8 XO.lie naOopaTOpHblX Hccne.11oaaHHA yqa=-KH HMeJlH peam,HYIO B03MOlltHOCTb OCTpe.lleJlHTb TPH OaKTepl{am,HhlX napaMeTPa (oOmee CO.lleP!l'.aHHe KHllle=x nano'ieK, ~eKam,Hhle KH!lle=e nanO'iKH H ~eKam,Hble cn,enTOKOKKH) B Kallt.llOH H3 TpeX pa3JlH'iHblX npo0 MopcKOH BO.lib! (o.11Ha ==an, 0.l!Ha 3arpR3HeHHaR H O.IIHa cpe.llHRR). Bo acex cny'ia/lX B Ka'iecTBe cnpaBO'iHOro Hcnom,3oaanCR MeT0.11 MeMOpaHHOO ~HJn,TpaUHH KYJn,TYPbl- 8 XO.lie npoae.11eHHR COBelllaHH/1 ero yqa=HHKH o0cy.11HJ1H ycnexH H pe3ym,TaTbl naOopaTOpHblX H=ne.11011aHHH, a TaKlle npoeKT PYKOBO.IIIIIIIHX YKa3aHHH no =aTHCTH'iecKoA oueHKe nonyqeHHblX pe9ym,TaTOB. - 28 - COBe!lla}{l-le oOcy)lJ,1.110 pe3y111,Tan.l CpaBHJITeJU,HhlX HCflblTa}{l-lH, npoae.neHHblX B HO/IOpe 1982 ro.na B PHMe, H .nano HM yrnyOJ!eHHYJ(l CTaTHCnNecKYIO oueHK)'. Ha COBelllaHHH TaK.Ke oOcyll.QaJll-lCb HeKOTOPb(e TeXHH'lecKHe BOnpcx:,bl, KaCaJ<IJIHecR oOopy.noaaHl-tR H cpe,!lCTB Ma=OBOO HHl>opMaUHl1, B n.naHe HX HCnOJU,30BaHHR B Oy.!lYllleH .neRTeJU,HQCTH. Bb1110 peKOMeHJlQBaHO CTID(y'JIHPQBaTh npoae.neHHe 1-1=11e.n0Baffi1i:I no H3Y'leHHIO OHOJIOrH'lecKHX HH.IIHKaTopOB 3ar!)R3HeHHR, napaMeTPQB H <l>aKTOpoB, cnocoOHLIX B1IHRTh Ha oai<TepHOJIOrH'lecKHe TeCTbl. BblJIH Ta!(J(e npoaHaJ11-13HpoBaHhl pe3ym,TaTbl CTaTHc=eocoro aHaJ1H3a MelVla.OopaTOPffi,IX HcnblTa.HHH B KaTaJIOHHH neTOM 1983 ro.na. Pe3y111,TaTbl CaMHX HHTepKaJll-lOpoBO'lHblX HC!ThlTa.HHH OblJIH CTaTHCnNecKH npoaHaJ11-13H!)OBaHl,I H BCeCTopoHHe o ueHeHl,I. 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PaOo'taR rpynna Ha TeMY: ''3,llOpoBbe qenoBeKa H OKPYllaKlllaR cpe,aa" BeHa, 12-16 AeKal'.'.SpR 1983 ro.aa - 29 - icP/PPE 009(2)(S) 0780A 10 RHBapR 1984 roAa OPHrnHAJI: AHI'JIJ1K;KHH CosemaHHe ,aaHHOH PaOo'teH rpyllnbl Cl.Im opraHH30BaHO BO HCnO.IIHeHHe peKOMeH,Oal.lHH KOHCYJlbTaTHBHOro COBelI!aHHR no BnHRHHIO OKPYllaKllleH cpe.llbl Ha 3AOpoBbe, KOTQpOe C'.l.lno npoBeAeHO EBponeHCKHM pernOHaJlbHblM et<)po 803 B KoneHrareHe B MapTe 1983 ro.aa. B HeM nPHHR.IIH yqaCTHe 24 BpeMeHHblX COBeTHHKa H3 18 rocyAapcTB-qneHOB, a TaKlle 4 ITpeACTaBHTenR .llPYrHX MelKJ!YHapo,llHb!X opraHH3al.lHH. <l>eAepaJlbHoe MHHHCTePCTBO 3.llPaBOOXpaHeHHR H OXpaHbl OKPYllaJOIJleH cpeJll,[ ABCTPHH 0Ka3anO 3HatrnTeJlbHy'IO nOMOlI!b B C raHH3aUHH COBemaHHR. nepeA Pa6oqeA rpynnoA croRna 3a,aaqa npoaHanH3HPQBaTb HaCTORll!ee nonoJKeHHe Aen B oOnacTH oxpaHbI OKPYllaKllleH cpeJlb[ B CTPaHax PernoHa H onpeAenHTb B03MOlKHble TeHAeHID!l-1 ero H3MeHeHHR. 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HeoOXOAHMO BHHMaTeJlbHO nPQaHanH3HpoBaTb B03MOllHOCTb HCllOJlb30BaHHJ'I pecypcoa npoMbIIIlneHHOCTH B uenl'!X pa3BHTHJ'I Hay'IHblX HccneAOBaHHH. 0Oy'ieHHe, no.nroTOBKa H Pa3BHTHe B3aHMOCB.R3eH Pe!lleHHe npoOneM OxpaHbl OKPYlltaXXlleH cpeAbl TpeOyer Mell,llHCUHnnHHaPHOro nOAXOAa. Bo MHOrHX oOnacr11x ObJYlllaeTcJ'I HeXBaTKa COOTBeTCTBYIOIIlHM oOpa30M no.nraroaneHHoro nepcoHana. HaceneHHe ttylI',AaeTCR B Oonee oCldttpHOH HHcf>oPMaUHH O npoOneMaX OxpaHbl OKPYlltaXXlleH cpeAbl, B 'iaCTHOcnl, 3Ha'ieHHH ¢,aKTopoa, CBll3aHHblX C oOpa30M llH3HH, llHnHb!HblMH ycnOBHRMH, CTpeCCOM H T. n., oco0eHHO Tex, KOTOf:l,le KaCaJOTCR OTHCtlleHHR K PACKY H ero npe,nynpelI',AeHHR. nporpaJ,IMl,I Me,llHUHHCKHX yqeOHblX 3aBeAeHHH AOnllHbl YAenRTb Oora,me BHHMaHHR acneKTaM oxpaHbl OKPYll@.KIIteH CpeAbl. HeoOXO,llHMO paCblttpHTb nO,llI'OTOBKY B oOnaCTH TOKCHKOJIOrHH, 9nHAeMl!onorHH H COOTBeTCTBYKJQHX 0HononNecKHX Ha)'K. CneAYeT pa3paOoTaTb cneUHaJ!bHble nporpaJ,IMl,I nOAroTOBKH no MeTOAOnOrHH oueHKH ¢,aKTOpoB PHCKa. Cne,nyeT COAeHCTBOBaTh TOMy, =oea,i oe.iiecraeHHble yqpeJIAeHHJ'I HHcf>opMHpoBanH HaceneHHe o pe3yJlbTaTax OUeHKH ¢,aKTcpQB PHCKa. TaKaJ'I HHcf>oPMaUHR, KOTOPaJ'I ITPH3BaHa paClllttpHTh OCBeAOMJleHHOCTb HaceneHlffl, He AOnllHa Bbl3blBaTb Y Hee HeonpaBAaHHOO TpeBOrH. Me)IAyHapoAHaR KOOnepaUHR H COTPYAHH'ieCTBO EaponeflCKoe perHOHaJlbHoe 0topo B03 npH3BaHO CblrpaTb BaJICHYI() poJlb B oOnacn1 oxpaHbl OKpyll@.IOIIleH cpeAbl B CTpaHax EaponeHCKOro pernoHa, ocoOeHHO 9TO OTHOCHTCII K cOopy AaHHblX, HX oueHKe H pacnpocrpaHeHHIO. CneAYeT C03AaTb eaponeHCKyJO KOHcyJlbTaTHBHyJO rpynny B03, MHOrOCeKTOpaJ!bHYIO H Mell,llHCUHnnHHapHyJO no CBoeMy xapaicTepy, KOTOPaJ'I AOJlllHa nepHOAH'ieCKH Co0HpaTbCR H l:l,lpa0aTblBaTh peKOMeHAaUHH AnR PernoHaJ!bHoro 0topo no aceM acneKTaM OxpaHbl OKPYllaKIItelt cpeAW. UenecooOpa3Ho C03bIBaTh coaematttt11 KOHcyJlbTaTHBHOH rpynnbl B pa3nH'!HblX CTpaHaX PernoHa B COOTBeTCTBHH C ITPHHUHnOM PQTaUHH. Y'iaCTHHKH npoJ'IBHnH HHTepec K HAee C03AaHlffl Mell.llHCUHnnHHapHoro eaponei'ICKoro ueHTPa B03 no OKPYll@.IOIIleH cpeAe. 0AHaKO B XOlle AallbHei'!blero H3yqeHl1Ji AaHHOro npeAnOlleHHJ'I rpynna npHMna K MHeHHIO o TOM, 'iTO PerHOHaJ!bHoe 0topo AOnllHO coOpaTb Oonee noAPoOHyJO HHcf>OPMaUHIO o0 OCHOBHblX 3aAa'iax H aAMHHHCTpaTHBHblX MexaHH3MaX, a TaKlle COOTBeTCTByKJQHX Mepax, npoBO,llHMblX B HaCTORblee BpeMJ'I B EaponeACKoM pernoHe. B CBll3H C yCHneHHeM 3Ha'ieHl1Ji npoOneMbl OxpaHbl OKPyll@.IOIIleH cpe,IJ,1 uenecoo0pa3HO BblAenHTh AOl'IOnHHTeJ!bHble <!>HHaHCOBble H ntoACKHe pecypcbl Ha uenH pa3BHTHII 3TOO nporpaMMHoi'! oOnacn1 B PernOHaJ!bHOM 0topc. Eapcnei'lcKoe pernOHaJ!bHoe 0topo B03 npH3BaHO a,irpaTb BaJICHYI() PoJlb B aKTHBH3aUHH YCHJJHli CTPaH H ME!ll,llyHapQAHblX opraHH3a.J..tHH no pemeHHIO npoOneM, CB.R3aHHblX C CaHHTapHblM co=oR:HHeM OKPYll@.IOIIlei'I cpe,lll,I. - 32 - Bee MeponpHRTHfl EBpone1k1<0ro pernoHa.ru,HOro Olopo 803 no Oe3onaCHOCTII JCHMHqecKHX BemecrB .llOJDKHbl oc:ytdecrBJlflTbCfl B CTpof'OM COOTBeTCTBHH C MellJlYHapo,llHOH nporpaMMOH no Oe3onacHOCTH XHMH'{ecKHX BE!ldecrB WIH, r.ne 9TO uenecoo0pa3HO, Bee paMKax, c TeM =oC'l.i oOecne'fl!Tb OnTHMaJlbHble B03MOllGiOCTH .ll]lfl OKa3aHHfl CO.lleHCTBHfl MellJlYHaPQ,llHblM YCHJJHFIM B oOnaCTH OxpaHbl OKPYllaia!leH cpe,llbl. - 33 - fHfHEHA nonoCTH PTA MellHaUHOHaJlbHC>e paOo'-!ee COBemaHHe no KOMMYHaJlbHblM cny11toaM r,,in,ieHbl nonOCTH pTa 9pl>yp-r (I'.llP), 12-16 ,lleKa0pR 1983 ro.oa - 35 - ICP/ORH 008(2)(S) 0943A 20 <l>eBpanR 1984 ro.oa OPHn!HAJI: HEMEUKHH B paOoTe COBel!laHHR npHH/UlH yqaCTHe npE!,llCTaBl-f'reJll,f ceMH CTPaH, ,llBa npe,llCTaBH'renR Melll.lJYHaPQ.IIHOH O.llOHTOnQrn'-lecKoli <j)e,llepaUHl-1, blec:Tb HaOroonaTeneti, blec:Tb BpeMeHHblX COBeTHHKOB H TPH COTPY.IIHHKa b1Ta0--KBaPTHPW H EaponeticKoro pernoHa.llbHOro OJOPO B:Xl. OCHOBHaR ueJlb PaOo'-lero COBeblaHHR 3aKn!O'-lanaCb B aHanH3e cyt!leCTBYHlileH CHCTeMhl 3yOoBpa'-1eCiHOH nOMOl!lH Ha oa3e HMeHlI!HXCR 9nH,lleMHonorn'-lecKHX ,llaHHblX H C Y'-leTOM MaKCHMaJlbHC 003MOlltHOro ee ycoaepmeHCTBOBaHHR. ,llHCKYCCHR Y'-laCTHHKH coaemaHHR O,iJll,f 03HaKOMneHbl C npe,llBapl-!'re.llbHblMH pe3Y.llbTaTaMH Mellt,llyHaPQ.llHOro COBMeCTHOro Hccne,llOBaHHR B03 CHCTeM CTOMaTOnQrn'-lecKHX Ka,llPQBWX pecypcoB (Ha npHMepe BW0opo'-!Horo oOcnenoaaHHR B ycnoBHRX I'.llP) , Onaro,llapR KOTopoMy 0,iJ11,1 nony'-!eHbl cpaBHHTe.llbHble .oaHHLre o CHCTeMax Me,IJliUHHCKOro oOc~BaHHR, ,lleHCTBYKIIIHX Ha Mellt,llyHapo.IIHOM YPQBHe H B MaClllTaoax CTPaHbl, 3aTeM O,iJll,f npencTaBneHbl ,ll()Kna.llbl O ,lleRTe.llbHOCTII CHCTeM 3Y0oBpa'-!e0HOH nOMOl!IJ.I B BonrapHH, BeHrpHH, I'epMaHCKOH ,lleMOKpaTil'-lecKOH PecnyO=e, Tio.llbllle, PyMhlHHH, a:cp H' llrocnaBHH . B npouecce ,IJliCKYCCHH C'.l,inH 3aTPOHYTW TPH CnenyKIIIHX OCHOBHblX BOnpoca: a) KaKHe 9nH,lleMHonorn'-lecKHe .oaHHble -rpe0yJOTCR .llnR aHaJ11,13a TeKYbJHX npoOneM 3Y0oBpa'-!e0HOH nOMOIJIH7 0) Ue= B oOnaCTH rnrneHhl nonocTH pTa, KOTopwe ,llO.IDIHhl O,iTb ,llOCTHf"HYTW K 2000 rQ,llY Ha HaUHOHaJlbHOM YPQBHe. B) CTpaTerHR ,llnR ,llOCTHllteHHR 9TIIX ueneti . Y'-laCTHHKH no,ll'-lePKHYnH Heo0XO,llHMOCTb H Bal!CHOCTb pacmHPeHHR MaClllTaOoB npaKTI!'-lecKOO peaJ11,13aUHH OCHOBHLIX npol>HnaKTil'-lecKHX Mep B paMKax nepBH'-IHOH Me,llHKCreaHl-!'rapHOH noMomH. nonoOHaR nocTaHOBKa oonpoca npe,llnonaraeT Y'-leT 9'rOro nO.llXO.oa B yqeOHblX nporpaMMaX 3yOoBpa'-1eOHwx blKOn, nporpaMMax KY?COB no ycoaepbleHCTBOBaHHIO CTOMaTonoroB H nporpaMMaX ,lleRTe.llbHOCTII O,llOHTOnorn'-lecKHX accoUHal.JHH. Pa3BHTI!e paOoTW B 9'rOM HanpaBneHHH fTPE!.llnonaraeT yqacTHe acero HaceneHHR B Mepax no npol>HnaKTHKe Oone3HeA nonOCTH PTa, 8 TeX H3 npe.11CTaBneHHblX Ha COBeblaHHH CTpaHaX, r,lle CHCTeMa OKa3aHHR 3yOoBpa'-1eOHOH nOMOIIIH RBnReTCR COCTaBHOA '-!aCTbIO oOmeA coc-reMhl oOll!ecTBeHHOro 3.llPaBOOxpaHeHHR H npaBO Ka)l(,lloro rpall,llaHHHa Ha OJCpaHY H no,ll,llep11taHHe CBOero 3,llopoBbR 3aKpenneHO B KOHCTl-f'rYUHl-1, yllte Ha3penH OnaronpHRTHble nepcneKTIIBl,I C03,llaHHR Heo0XO,IJl1MhlX ycnoBHA ,llnR nO.llrOTOBKH Ka.llPQB, nOCT!)OeHHR Ma.TepHa.llbHOO 0a3w H BW,lleneHHR COOTBeTCTBYKIIIHX (j)HHaHCOBWX pecypcoa. 8 oOmeM H uenoM pe3y.llbTaTW paOoTW COBeblaHHR nOKa3aJll,f, '-ITC cyt!leCTBYKlllaR BO MHOrHX CTpaHax Tpa,IJliUHOHHaR O.llHo0oKaR opHeHTaUHR TO.llbKO Ha ne'-!eHHe 3yOoa He npHHecna 11tenaeMOro ycnexa. TipH3HaHHe 9TOro <l>aKTa 03Ha'-laeT, '-ITC npH npoBe,lleHHH npHKna,llHWX HaY'-IHblX HCCne,llOBaHHA cne,llyeT npe)l(,lle BCero opHeHTlfPOBaTbCR Ha pa3paOOTKy HOBWX MeTO,llOB ne'-!eHHR, KOTopwe OTBe'-!aJOT npaKTil'-lecKHM n0Tpe0HOCTRM H HaueneHhl Ha npol>HnaKTHKY 3aOoneaaHHA. KpoMe roro, O,ino OTMe'-leHO, '-ITC cne,llyeT KaK MOlltHO aKTIIBHee 3aHHMaThCR H3yqeHHeM npoOneM coaepmeHCTBOBaHHR CHCTeM ne'-leHHR. Y'-laCTHHKH PaOo'-!ero COBeblaHHR nO.llrOTOBHJll,f PR.ll peKOMeH.oaUHA, OCHOBHaR ue.llb KOTopwx 3aKJlJO'-laeTCR B COKpabJeHHH pacnpocrpaHeHHOCTH 3aOoneBaHHH nonOCTH PTa, a TaKllte B .oa.llbHeAbleM ynytlbleHHH paOoTW cny11tO nepBH'-IHOA Me,llHKercaHHTapHoA nOMOIIIH , opHeHTHPOBaHHblX Ha n~HnaKTHKy. B 9TOA CBR3H y'-laCTHHKH COBel!laHHR C'-IHTaJOT HeoOXO,IJliMhlM pa3BHBaTb Mellt.llYHapo,IIHoe COTPY.IIHH'-leCTBO nyTeM YKpenneHHR COTPY.IIHH'-laHlilHX ueHTPQB H nPQBe,lleHHR paOo'-!Hx COBeblaHHA no pa3BHTHIO Ka,llPQB. - 37 - 11(£HlIUlllbl H 3nOPOBbE Ko H<l>epeHUHR no oxpaHe 3,nopoBbR lleHl!IHH 3.DJ,!HOypr, 25-27 MaR 1983 ro.oa Bae.neHl-fe - 39 - ICP/MCH 030 (5) 0703A 11 aarycra 1983 ro.na OPHI'HHAJl : AHI' .nm\CKlfil npoae.neHl-fe -rpex.nHeBHOO KoH<l>epeHUIDI no oxpaHe 3,00poBbR lleHlllHH COBMeCTHO <l>HHaHCHJX)BanOCb EaponeikKJ.iM pernoHanhHblM OIOpo BceMHJ)HOH opraHl-!3aUJ.il.l 3.npaBOOXpaHeHHR ( B03) H llJOTnaH,nCKOH rpynnOH no caHHTapHOMy npocBemeHl-flO (IIII'CT1). 8 paOOTe 9TOH MeJIUlYHapo.llHOH MHOro.llHCUJ,lf1nHHapHOH KoH<l>epeHl.IJ.fH ~ acrooeano npHMepHO 150 qenoBeK H3 26 CTpaH EBponeHCKoro perHOHa. B HX COCTaB BXO.DHnH: HayqttO-HCcne.noaaTenbCKHe paOoTHl-lKH, 3aH1-1MaIOb!HeCR H3~eHHeM HaHOonee )'.ldCnpOCTpaHeHHblX ycnOBHH llH3Hl-l H Tpy.na lleHb!HH, a TaKlle .neMorpa<l>HqeCKHX H CTPYKTYPHblX eonpocoa; aKTHBHCThl .DBHlleHHR 3a oxpaHY 3,nopoBbR lleHl!IHH H ~aCTHHKH pa3nl-fqHl,1X npoeKTOB B oOnaCTH KOMMyHanbHOro 3.DpaBOOXpaHeHHR; npeno.naeaTenH H n1-1ua, pa3paoan,iaaIOmHe nonHTHKY e oOnaCTH 3.npaBOOxpaHeHl-fR, 3aH1-1MaIOD1HecR BOnpocaMH TeOpHH H npaKTHKH npeo0pa30BaHHH: H npe.ncTaBHTenH B03 H lllI'C[], BblllOnHRBmHe ponb nocpe.DHl-lKOB, npoee.neHl-fe KoH<l>epeHUHR no OXpaHe 3,00poBbR lleHlllHH RBHnOCb eme O.DHl-lM BKna.noM EBponeHCKOro perHOHanbHOro OIOpo B03 B pean1-13auH10 MeponpHRTHH B paMKaX BTopoH qaCTH oObRBneHHOro OpraHl-f3auHeH OObe.DHHeHHblX HaUHH )lecRTHneTHR lleHlllHH H I'noOanbHOro nnaHa .OeHCTBHH OOH. UenbIO KoH<l>epeHUHH Obrna opraHH3aUHR .DHanora Mel!UlY npe.ncraBHTenRMH pa311H'!HhlX oOnacreA 3HaHl-fH no BOnpocaM o xpaHbl 3.00poBbR lleHlllHH B EBponeHCKOM perHOHe, a TaKlle no.nae.neHHe HTOroB npo.nenaHHOH pa00Tb1 H pa3paOOTKa CTpaTerHH .DanbHeHbleH .OeRTenbHOCTH. )lHCKyCCHR 8 Haqane paOoTb! KoH<l>epeHUHH Obrn .naH oOmHH aHanl-13 COUHanbHblX, 9KOHOM1-fqecKHX, n=ecKHX H CTPYKTYPHblX acneKTOB 3.DpaBOOXpaHeHHR, a 3aTeM BHHMaHHe ~aCTHHKOB Oblno cocpe.noToqeHO Ha CTpaTerHRX H npoOneMaTHKe, KaCaIOb!HXCR oxpaHbl 3,00poBbR lleHlllHH. nepBblH .neHb paOon,i COBeblaHHR Obin nOCBRbleH pacCMOTpeHHIO B03.0eHCTBHR CTPYKTYPHblX <l>aKTOpoB oOmeCTBa Ha 3.00poBbe lleHb!HH. 3TH BOnpocbl pacCMaTPHBanHCb B 9nH.DeMHonorHqecKOM, .neMorpa<l>H'iecKOM, KYnhTYPHOM, nOnHTH'iecKOM, COUHanbHOM H 9KOHOMH'iecKOM 11JlaHax, a TaKlle C no3HUHH CJTYll0 3.npaBOOXpaHeHHR. Onpe.nenHB COUHanbHylO OCHOBY = npoae.neHl-fR .DanbHeHbleH .IIHCl<Y=HH, ;"aCTHHKH KoH<l>epeHUHH nocBRTHnH BTOJ)OO .neHb ee paOoThl pa=MQTPeHHIO KOHKpeTHblX BOnpocoB oxpaHbl 3,00poBbR lleHlllHH. OcoOoe BHHMaHHe npH 9TOM Oblno y.neneHO npoOneMaM Me.DHKaMeHT03HOro neqeHHR, npe.nynpell,neHHR OepeMeHHOCTH, 3 noynOTpeOneHHR anKoroneM H neKapcraeHHblMH cpe.ncrBaMH, ceKcyanbHOCTH, HaCHnHR, 3aHRTOCTH, Oe3paOOTHUb1, oxpaHbl nCHXH'iecKoro 3,nopoBbR , a TaKlle npoOneMaM crapeHHR. TpeTHH .neHb paOOTbr coaemaHHR Obin nOCBlllI!eH pa=MOTpeHHIO CTPaTerHH ,nanbHeHbleH .OeRTenbHOCTH H H3~eHHIO HOBblX H anbTepHaTHBHblX no.nxo.noB K MeponpHRTHRM no YKpel1JleHHIO 3,nopoBbR H caHHTapHOMy npocaemeHHIO. Bbrno oco0o no,nqepKHYTQ 3HaqeHHe no3HTHBHOro no.nxo.na K no.n.nepllaHHIO 3,00poBbR H pa3BHTHIO 3,00poBOro oOpa3a llH3HH. Or,nenbHble peKOMeH,naUHH 1 . CTpaBHTenbCTBaM rocy.napc-ra-qneHOB H B03 cne.nyeT OKa3blBaTb no.n.nepllKY nporpaMMaM CaHHTapHoro npocaemeHHR H npo<l>HnaKTH'iecKHX MeponpHRTHH cpe.DH lleHlllHH. - 40 - 2. HeoOXO.llHMO BHenpeHHe ITJX)CTblX MexaHH3MOB ¢HHaHCHPQBaHHR rpynn caMOnOMOMH H C03naHHe ceTH TaKHX rpyrm. 3. Cne.ayeT ITPHBneKaTh nOTpeOHTeneH K ;"raCTHIO e npouecce npHHRTHR pemeHHR no BOnpocaM 3,llpaBOOxpaHeHHR Ha BCex npaBHTeJ!bCTBeHHblX ypoBHRX. 4. ;tr;eH!I!HHaM cnenyeT npHHHMaTh yqacrHe B pa3pa0oTKe no.llHTHKH Ha Bcex ypoBHRX, B ocymecTBneHHH nporpaMM Hay'IHWC HccnenoBaHHH H npoBeneHHH oueHKH, a TaKMe B nocraHOBKe nepBooqepe,llHblX 3anaq no rooOhrM BOnpocaM 3,llpaBOOxpaHeHHR H Me,llHKO-CaHlITapHoro oCic::.11yM}iBaHHR, Kacal0ll1HMCR MeH!I!HH. KOHKpeTHble peKOMeHnaUHH 1. HeOOXO.llHMO npoBecTH 3KcnepHMeHTaJ!bHh!e HCCnenoBaHHR C uem,~ anpo0aUHH pa3nlNHb!X WPM Me.llHK<r-CaHHTapHOro o0cnyMHBaHHR, HanpHMep, HCITOJ!b3OBaHHR aJ!bTepHaTHBHblX CTaHnaPTHOMY OoJlb=HOMY o()cnyMHBaHHIO MeTonoB OKa3aHHR nOMOMH B PQ.llHJlbHblX noMax. 2. HeoOXO.llHMO npH3HaHHe PonH OTUOB H MaTepei'i B BOCITHTaHHH J]eTeH H OKa3aHHe HM B 3TOM coneHCTBHR nyTeM ITPHHRTHR 3aKoHonaTeJlbHblX H ¢HHaHCOBblX Mep. 3. CnenyeT nponOnMHTb HccnenoBaHHR ¢aKTOpoB, OKa3blBa~ BJTHRHHe Ha COCTORHHe 3nOpoBbR npecTapemrx MeHII!HH. 4. HeoOXO.llHM cOop H pacnpocTpaHeHHe HH<l>opMaUHH cpenH MeHII!HH-MHrpaHTOB 00 HX npaBaX, cra-ryce H T. n. 5. CnenyeT Bblne= cpenCTBa Ha npoBeneHHe CHflaMH MeHCKHX rpynn Hayqmix HccnenOBaHHH H aHaJTH3a npOOneM, Kaca~mHXCR MeHCKOH ceKCYaJlbHOCTH. 6. HeoOXO.llHMO C03naHHe OTneJlbHblX cnygO no KOHTpo= pQll.llaeMOCTH, cneUHaJlbHO npentta3HaqeHHbJx .ll1IR nonpocTKOB. 7. Cne.ayeT pa3pa00Tan, MeM.ayHaponttoe PYKOBoncTBO no peKnaMe neKapcTBeHHblX npenapaTOB, HeoOXO.llHMO TaKMe H3Y'{H"I'b npaKTHKY BCe Oonee aKTHBHOO BblITHCKH MeHIIIHHaM TpaHKBHJTH3aTOpQB H .npyrnx neKapcrBeHHblX npenapaTOB, BJIHRJOMHX Ha ncHXHKy. 8. Cne.ayeT npoBeCTH H3Y'{eHHe nonrocpoqHoro B03neHCTBHR Ha 3J]OPQBbe MeHMHH pa3flHqHblX aKYf!]epcKHX MeTOnoB H .npyrnx ¢OpM Me.llHUHHCKOro BMemaTeJlbCTBa. 9 . Cne.ayeT OKa3aTb coneHCTBHe npoBeneHHIO y<reOHb!X nporpaMM nnR MeHMHH, npHcryna~mHX K TpynoBOH neRTeJlbHOCTH HJTH B03Bpam=CR K HeH. 10. CnenyeT nonroTOBHTb PYKOBO.llRIIIHe YKa3aHHR .ll1IR Bpaqe0Horo nepcoHana H .npyrnx nHU, CBR3aHHblX C OKa3aHHeM nOMOIIIH MeHIIIHHaM, CTaBMHM MepTBaMH HaCH.IIHH. 11. BeneHHe noMamHero XO3/lliCTBa cne.ayeT paccMaTPHBaTh KaK OnHY H3 WPM 3aHRTOCTH. Cne.ayeT npoBecTH cpaBHHTeJlbHblH aHaJTH3 ¢OpM 3aOoneBaeMOCTH npH BeneHHH noMamHero X03/lliCTBa H npH paOOTe BHe noMa. CnenyeT TaKMe npoBeCTH KOHTpoJTHpye~ OUeHKY HOBblX TeXHonor~. HCITOJlb3OBaHHe KOTOPblX BJIHReT Ha COCTORHHe 3J]OpoBbR MeHII!HHhl B Ob1TY, Ha paOOTe H npH Me,llHK<r-CaHlITapHOM o0cnyMHBaHHH. 12. Cne.ayeT He nonycKaTb cnyqaeB npoH3BDnbHOH ueH3ypbl MaTepHanoB no caHlITapHOMY npocBemeHHIO, nonrOTOBneHHblX MeHMHHaMH, paOOT~- B C¢epe npo¢ecCHOHaJlbHOH H Henpo¢eccHOHaJlbHOH Me.llHUHHhl, ,ll1lR .npyrHX MeHMHH . 13. Cne.ayeT Bblne= cpe.ncTBa Ha npoBeneHHe B paMKax cpeJ]CTB MaCCOBOH HH¢opMaUHH HOBblX nporpaMM no pa3JTHqttblM BOnpocaM oxpaHhl 3nopoBbR MeHMHH . - 41 - H3Y'-!EHHE CflYlt{6 3)lPABOOXPAHEHIIB H=nenoaaTe!lbCKaR rpynna no H3~eID!w MenHKO-CaHHTaPHblX cny)!(O M~peH, MBeHuaPHR, 25-27 RHBapR 1983 rona 1. BseneHHe - 43 - I CP/RPD 00 7( 3)(5) 0834A 27 MaR 1983 ro,na OPHrHHAJI: AHrJJHicKHH Ha COBe!llaID!H npHCYTCTBOBanH necwn, BpeMeHHhlX KOHCY!lbTaHTOB H3 EaponeHcKoro perHOHa. CosemaID!e npecnenosano cneny1C1t1He UenH: aHanH3 peKOMettnaUHH, npencraaneHHhlX npe,IU>l.nymHMH rpynnaMH no nnaHHpoBaIDIW, C ~eTOM HMeKlll!HXCR naHHbtX H pe3Y11bTaTOB npoBOnHMOll paOoThl; pacCMOTpeID!e ponH tt=nenoaaHHA MenHKO-CaHHTaPHblX Cny)!(O 3npaaooxpaHeHHR C y\JeTOM npencroRmeH neRTe!lbHOCTH 803 H EaponeHCKOro KOHcy!lbTaTHBHOro KOMHTeTa n o Me.IIHUHHCKHM Hay'll-lbtM HccnenoBaHHRM (EKKMHH); H pa3pa0ar!<a nnff rocy.napcTB-\JneHOB 3a,na\J no Pa3BHTHIO HCCnenosaHHH MenHKO-CaHHTapHbtX Cny)!(O H HX YBR3Ka c perHOHaJlbHOH c-n:,aTerHeH no nocTH)!(ettHW 3nopoBbR nnR Bcex K 2000 rony (3,llB2000). 2 . HanpaaneID!R paOon.t B xone nHCKyccHA OCHOBHoe BHHMaID!e Oblno cocpenOTo\JeHo Ha TPex OCHOBHblx aonpocax: npH\JHHbl, no KOTOpt,IM rocy,napcraa-\JneHbl He BOCIT011b30BanHCb peKOMeH.naUHRMH, npencraaneHHbtMH paHee; TPYnHOCTH, KOTOPble BCTpeTHnHCb npH nposeneHHH H ocymecTBneHHH HccnenosaHHH MenHKO-CaHHTapHbtX cny;,,;6! H 3ana\JH rocynapcTB-\JneHOB H CBR3aID!aR c HMMH PO!lb B03. npH\JHHbl, no KOTOPf,IM npe.!lbl.nymHe peKOMeHnaUHl-1 He OLtnH ITPHHRThl K CBeneHHW, O!.tnH TecHO YBR3aHbl C TPYnHOCTRMH, KOTQPble B03HHKnH npH Pa3BePThlBaHHH H ocymecTBneHHH H=nenoBaHHH MenHKO-caHHTapHblx Cny)!(O. 3TH TPYnHOCTH BCTPe\JanHCb Ha ueHTPa!lbHOM HnH npaBHTe!lbCTBeHHOM ypoBHe, B aKaneMH\JeCKHX/ HaY\JHblX Kpyrax, a TaK)!(e cpenH cneUHanHCTOB H ol>HUHaJlbHblX BnacreH, y\JaCTBYKltlHX B Pa3BepTh1BaHHH Me.mn<O-CaHMTapHblX Cny)!(O. OHH RBHnHCb cnencTBHeM HenocraTO\JHOCTH cpencTB H 3aHHTepecOBaHHOCTH Ha aepXHeM ypoBHe, B03HHKmHX TPYnHOCTeA Ha nyTH nany\JeHHR nocTYna K naUHeHTaM, a TaK)!(e noMHHHJ)Yl<J!lero nono)!(eHHR , KOTOpoe 3aHMMaeT Mone!lb nposeneHHR OHoMenHUHHCKHX Ha~HblX HccnenosaHHH B Pa3BHTblX C'I"pa.Hax. 3. OOnaCTH cornameHHR B=OCTb nattttoA npoOneMbl 3aKnw\JanaCb B nepeopHeHTaUHl-1 MenHKO-CaID!TapHblx cny"'O nnR Oonee nonttoro ynoBneTBOpeHHR n0Tpe0HOCTeH HaceneID!R, B CBR3H C \JeM Ha~e HCCnenoBaHHR MenHKO-CaHHTaPHblX cny"'° pa=MaTPHBanHCb B Ka\JecTBe OCHOBHOro HHCTPYMeHTa = nOCTH)!(eHHR 3TOH uenH. B Hneam,HOM c ny,rae TaKaR nepeopHeHTaUHR no=Ha npenmecTBoaan, coonaHMW nporpa.MM pa3BHTHR Me.mn<o-caHHTapHblx cny)!(O. no CBoeMY xapaKTepy 3Ta 3ana\Ja RBnReTCR MHOrocTOpoHHeH H MHOronHCUHTinHHapHoA. HenocraTOK y 0enHTe11bHblX noKa3aTe11bCTB HCn01lb30BaHHR HccnenosaliJ.iH MenHKO-Ca'HHTapHblX Cny)!(O B Ka\JeCTBe HHCTPYMeHTa npH nnaHHpoBaHHH H pa3aepTh1BaHHH 3THX cny)!(O MO)!(eT cnymTb <l>aKTOpQM nnR cy~eliJ.iH, cymeCTBYJOl!IHX B HaCTORmee BpeMR no 3TOMY noaony. HeoOXOnHMO B cpo'IHOM nopR,lll<e npHHR'n, MePbl no npeononeHHW HHepUHH B pa3pa0on<e nporpaMM H=nenoBaHHH MenHKO-CaHHTapHbtX Cny)!(O H KOHTPOne 3a xonoM paoor no nOCTH)!(eHJ.!W 3.IlB2000. TpeOyeTCR ocymecTBneHHe KaK oOtnHX, TaK H KOHKpeTHblX MeponpHRTHH; nepsble npennonarawT nonttoe noIDIMaHHe Toro, = HccnenoaaID!R MenHKo-caHHTaPHblX cny)!(O no3BOnRT y=aepmeHCTBOBaTb HX paOoTY. Bbtn TaK)!(e onpeneneH PfUl 3ana\J no nposene= KOHKpeTHblx MeponpHRTHH B C'I"pa.Hax. - 44 - 4. Pe3yJlbTaTl>I H peKOMeH.oal.lliH rnaBHhlM HTOroM COBelllaHHfl IIBJV!eTCII pemHMOCTb ero y'!aCTHHKOB npeo.noneTb HMeKll!HecR TPY.llHOCTH nocpe,llCTBOM nOCTaHOBKH HaueneHHhlX Ha 3TO 3a.na<1. Ha ueHTPaJlbHOM H npaBHTeJlbCTBeHHOM ypoBHe 3TH 3a.na'IH npe.nnonaraJOT: c03.oaHHe HnH onpe.neneHHe ronOBHoro ueHTpa; TO'IHoe onpe.neneHHe K 1990 ro.ny POnH Hccne.noBaHHH Me.llHKO-CaHHTaPHhlX Cnyl!CO; yTO'!HeHHe K 1985 ro.ny Olo.lll!CeTHblX aCCHrHOl3a.J-OOi Ha Hccne.noBaHHR Me,llHKO-CaHHTapHblX cnyl!CO. Ha aKa,lleMH'lecKOM HnH Hay'IHO-Hccne.noBaTeJlbCKOM YPoBHe 3TH 3a,lla'IH npe.nnonaraioT: pa3paOoTI<y K 1985 ro.ny Hay'!HhlMH COBeTaMH OJO.lll!CeTOB HCCne.nOBaHIDI Me,llHKO-CaHHTaPHblX cnyl!CO; BKnJO'leHHe K 1985 ro.ny B COCTaB HauHOHaJlbHblX COBeTOB no HaY'!HblM Hccne,llOBaHHRM npe.ncTaBHTeneA, 3aHHMalO!IIHXCII H3y<1eHHeM Me,llHKO-CaHHTapHblX cnyl!CO; BKnlO'leHHe B Hccne.noBaHHf! Me,llHKO-CaHHTaPHblX Cnyl!CO cneUHaJlbHblX OOOOPoB, npoBO,llHMblX npH cocTaBneHHH npoToKonoB Hccne.nol3a.J-00i npH oueHKe xo.na paOoTl>I, a TaKJKe no ee HTOraM; CTPYKTYPbl npo,llBHJICeHHR no cnyllCOe B KOnneKTHBaX, 3aHHMalO!QHXCII HCCne.noBaHHRMH Me,llHKO-CaHHTapHblX cnyl!CO, .llOnl!CHhl COOTBeTCTBOBaTb CTPYK~M, pa3paOoTaHHblM .llJV! .npyrnx oOnacrell Hay\lHhlX HCCJie.noBaHHH: Ha0op nepcottana H opraHH3aUHJ'I npoBe.neHHfl Hccne.noBaHHA Me.nHKo-caHHTapHblx cnyl!CO .llOnJKHbl O!,iTb yco Bei:;meHCTBOBaHbl 3a C'leT Oonee Ka'!ecTBeHHoll cneUHaJlbHOll no.nrOTOBKH H C03.llaHHR Oonee mHpoKIDC B03MOJICHOCTell .llJV! npo.llBHJKeHHf! no cnyJKOe. Xo.n paOoThl no .llOCTHJICeHHJO uenH 3.llB2000 11ccne.noBaHHII Me,llHKO-CaHHTapHblX cnyl!CO Oy.nyT cnocoOcTBOBa'I'b ocymecrBneHHJO KOHTpoJV! 3a XO.llOM paOon,1. 8 OT.lleJlbHblX CTpaHaX, TeM He MeHee, Oy.neT c.nenatt cBOll Bbl0op Ha OCHOBe pll,lla HMeKll!HXCII nOKa3aTenell, TaKHX, KaK Me,llHKO-CaHHTapHble HH.lleKChl, ypoBHH COUHaJlbH0-3KOHOMH'lecKOro Onaronony'IHR, <l>al<TOPbl OKPYl!CalO!llell cpe.Ilbl, nOKa3aTenH <l>YHKUHOHHpoBaHHR CHCTeM Me,llHKO-CaHHTapHOll noMomH, a TaKJICe HX a.neKBaTHOCTH H .llQCTYITHOCTH. Pom, 803 ro3 npHHa.nneJKHT Be.nyman pom, B opraHH3auHH MeJIC.llYHapo.llHblx Hccne.noBaHHl! Me,llHKO-CaHHTapHblx cnyl!CO. OpraHH3al.lHJ'l OKa3b1BaeT CO.lleHCTBHe B onpe.neneHHH ronoBHblX H COTPY.llHH'laJOmHX ueHTpoB no npQBe,oeHHJO HaY'!HblX Hccne.noBaHHA . BaiHb!M acneKTOM .neRTeJlbHOCTH 803 IIBJV!eTCII TaKl!Ce no.nrOTOBKa cneUHanHCTOB H pacnpoc-rPaHeHHe HHl>opMarnrn, cnocoOcTI!YIO!llell opraHH3aUHH H npQBe,lleHHJO HCCJle.llOBaHHl! Me,llHKO-CaHHTapHblx cnyl!CO. P aOo'laR rpynna no npcOneMe: ' 'Ynpa11neHHe Hay'Dih!MH 1-1ccne.noaaHHRMH a - 45 - oOnaCTH nOJD.ITHKH 3,llpaBOOxpaHeHHR H HX CTl)yJ<-rypa" P HM, l!TaJD.IR, 18-20 OKTR(jpR 1983 r'O)la ICP / RPD 012(2)($ ) 0793A 8 Map-ra 1984 r'O)la OPHI'HHA.Jl: AHI'.IIHicKHH B COBetnaHHI-I PaOoqefl rpyrnlbl npl-lHRJD.f ~aCTHe 18 npe,nCTaBHTenefl 12 pa3BHBalO!l!J.iXCR CTpaH, a OCHOBHOM Bpatrn, Hecy111He a)lMJ,11-!HCTpaTHBHYll 1-!JD.f Tex1-mqeCKY]O OTBeTCTBeHHOCTh 3a 1-13yqeHHe CJ!Yll0 3 ,llpaBOOxpaHeHHR. CoaemaHHe HCXO.lll-lnO H3 TOl""O, =· cornaCHO BhlBO)laM EaponeACKoro KOHcyJlbTaTl-!BHOr'O KOMHTeTa no Me.llliUI-IHCKI-IM Hay'DihJM Hccne.noaaHHRM (EKl<MHJ1), B OoJ!bbll-lHCTBe rocy.nai:x:-ra-qneHOB OTCyTCTByJOT MexaHl-!3M>I .IlJL'I onpe.neneHHR nepaooqepe,llHb1X 3a)laq Hay'DihJx 1-1ccne.noaaH11H, xoTR aceoOinee npl-13HaHHe nony'ffino MHeHHe, qTO 3.00PQBbe OT.OeJlbHblX JD.fl.I H rpynn HaceneHHR, a TaKge Me.oHI..IHHCKoe oOcnymBaHHe 3 Ha'OiTeJlbHO BblHrpa.lJJ.f 0. B pe3yJlbTaTe HCnOJlb30BaHI-IR pe3yJlbTaTOB HaY'Dih!X 1-13blCKaHHA B KOHKPeTHblX oOnaCTRX 1-!JD.f npH pemeHl-.. . OT.OeJ!bHblX npoOneM. nepe.o coaemaHHeM CTORJD.1 cne.oyro1111-1e ueJD.1: npoaHanH31-!poBaTb CTPYKTYPY H MexaHl-!3MW, KOTOpble Tpe0ylOTCR ,ll1ll'I TOl""O, qToO.I Oonee TecHO CBR3a'I'b Ha~e HCCne.ooaaHHR C Me,OI-II.IHHCKI-IM o0cnyJll1BaHHeM H npaKTI-IKOH; H onpe.neJD.!Tb peneBaHTHOCTh 9TOl""O <l>aKTopa B OTHOII!eHHH rocy)lapcTB-qneHOB Ha OCHOBe aHaJll,130B npHMepoa 1-1ccne.ooaa!-il18 no KOHKpeTH>IM npoOneMaM, KOTopwe OKa3a.lJJ.f BJD.IRHHe Ha npaKTHJ<y HJD.1 oOcnymaaHHe B CTpaHax - ~aCTHHuax coae01aHHR, a TaK;!(e TPY.oHOCTeH, KOTOpble BCTpeTHJD.ICb npH C03.0aHHI-I nporpaMM H3~eHHR cnygO 3.npaaooxpaHeHHR. 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B03MOlllHoe pa3BHTHe CHTYaUHH B Oy.nYllleM BepoRTHee acero H3MeHeHHR npoH3OH.IIYT B cne,nyKIJIHX oOna=RX: oueHKa pe3ym,TaTOB H HX HCCTOJl!,3OBaHHe npH onpe,neneHHH nOJIHTHKH, OnHCaHHe KOHKpe=x w=ne,noBaHWH HOBblX no=ecKHX rett.neHUJ.IH, oOycnoane~x pe3ym,TaTaMH pa3paOoroK; pacmHpeHHe HH<l>opMaUHH O BJ!HRHHH pe3ym,TaTOB wccne.noBaHHH Ha nOJ!HTHKY H npaKTHKY, ~o, BHe COMHeHHR, ~rpaeT CBOIO pom, B npwaneqeHHH Hay=x paOoTHHl<oB K yqacTHIO B ,neRTeJ!!,HOCTH, CBR3aHHOH C nOJ!HTHKOO 3.npaBOOxpaHeHHR; Oonee nonttoe HH<l>opMHpoBaHHe HaceneHHR, Me.npaOoTHHKOB, PYKOBO,IIHTeneH pa3~ ypoBHeH, npeno,naaaTenei:i Me,llHUJ,!HCKHX yqpeqeHHA o pe3ym,TaTax Hay=x wccne.noBaHHi:i; BO3MOJIIHOCTH (H OrpaIDNeHHR) pacnpo=paHeHHR cpe,IIH CTpaH pe3ym,TaTOB HayqHJ,IX wccne.noBaHWH B oOnaCTH nOJ!HTHKH 3,npaBOOxpaHeHHR; H cOop H oOMeH HH<l>opMaUHeH o0 omzTe pemeHHR 3=ecKHX npoOneM, B03HHKaIOIDHX B CBR3H C H3Y'{eHHeM cnylllO 3.npaBOOXpaHeHHR, C yqeTOM Toro, qT() 3TH npoOne- xapaKTep= He TOJ!!,KO ,nnR Me.llHK~Honor=ecKHX HayqHJ,Ix wccne.noaaHWH •• PeKoMeH.l]allHH 1. 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PeKOMeH,llaUHH ,llJII! 803 803 cne,llyeT: CO,lleHCTBOBan, npoBe,lleHHIO HCcne,llOBaHHH B oOnaCTH 1-13yqeHHH cnyllO 3,llpaBOOxpaHeHHH nyTeM npH3HaHHH HX BallCHOCTH ,llnH ocex rocy,llapcTB-4neHOB H pacnpocTpaHeHWl ~OPMal.lIDI O B03MOllCHOCTHX H pe3ym,TaTax TaKHX HCcne,llOBaHHA; Hcnom,3oaan, ace COOTBeTCTBYIOIIIHe cpe,llCTBa ,llnH 0Ka.3aHHH no.ll,llepllCKH ,neHTem,HOCTH 00 Oonee T04HOMY onpe,lleneHHIO KOHUenuHH H Pa.3paOonce npHeMneMOH Ha Mell(,llyHapo,llHOM ypoBHe TepMHHonOrHH; 0Ka3an, OOMOll[b B onpe,lleneHHH HaHOonee uenecoo0Pa.3Hhlx oOnaCTeA ,llJII! 1-13yqeHHH cnyllCO 3,llpaBOOxpaHeHHH; CO.lleHCTBOBaTl, pa3BHTHIO =nora Mell(,lly .IIHUaMH, onpe,llenHIOIIIHMH nOJlHTHKY, npe,llCTaBHTeJJH.MH cnyllC0 3,llpaBOOxpatteHHH, HayqHb!MH paOoTHHKaMH H HaceneHHeM B uenoM, Hcnom,3y11 BCeB03MOllHb!e KaHaJlbl, a TaKllCe CTPYKTYpa11!,Hb!e H ynpaanett4ecKHe MeP!,1: CO,lleHCTBOBaTb Pa.3BHTHIO no,llr'O'rOBKH cneUHaJJHCTOB Bcex CTpaH B oOnacrn HayqHb!X H=ne,llOBaHHH, CBH3aHHb!X C nOnHTHKOH 3,llpaBOOxpaHeHHH, Ha!lPHMeP, nyTeM opraHH3aUHH KYPCOB no.llr'O'rOBKH, oOyqeHHH CTHITeH,llHaTOB H T . ,ll.; CO.lleHCTBOBaTl, C03,llaHHIO Mell(,llyHapo,llHOH ceTH oO'.beKTHBHOH ooeHKH H aHaJ!H3a, B qacTHOCTH, ,llJII! 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Cne.nyeT npe.nnpHHFITb Mepw no oOecneqeHHJO cpaBl-iHMOCTH pe3yJ!bTaTOB, nonyqeHHblX naOopaTOpHRMH pa311H'IHblX CTpaH. Cne.nyeT BHe.DPRTb MeT0.111>1 , n03BOJlRIOMHe Obl=po pa311H'laTb 1(3, rJITJC H .npyrHe BHPYCbl, Bb13b1BalOMHe SHUecl>aJJHT, B '!aCTHOCTH npoC'I'OH repnec. 3TO npe.nnonaraeT =3,Dal-!}1e 9<1¢eKTHBHOA Mellt.DYHaPQ.DHOH CeTH COTPY.DHH'laJOIIIHX yqpellt.Del-iHH H C03.naHHe no Kpai'!HeH Mepe O.DHGI naOopaTOPHH B Kall.DOH SH.DeMH'!HoA CTpaHe, cnocoOHOA npoBO.DHTb TO'IHYf() BHJ)YCOJlOrH'lecKy!O ,ItHarHo=Hl<Y • 4. HeoOXO.DHMO =aH.napTH3HpoBaTb naOopaTopHble TeCTbl , HcnOJ!b3yeMble .D.11R oOHapygeHHR aHTHTeJl H aHTHreHOB. s. B pai'loHaX, H3BecTHblX CJlY'laRMH 3a0oneBaHHR KaK Kpt,JMCKO-KOHrone3CKOH reMopparH'!ecKOA JlHXOpa,!IKOH, TaK H rnnc, llteJlaTeJ!bHO HcnOJlb30BaTb MeT0.111,1 YCKOpeHHOH .DHarHOCTHKH. TIOSTOMy peKOMeH.nyeTCR pa3paOoTaTb H oueHHBaTb TeCTbl .D.11R onpe.neneHHR cneUH'l>H'lecKHX IgM-aHTHTeJl. 6. Cne.nyeT H B .DaJ!bHeHMeM Y.DeJJRTb ocoOoe BHHMaHHe H30JlRWiH H B KOHe'IHOM HTOre BBe.DeHHIO B KYJlbTYPY KJleTKH BHPYCOB rnnc. 3TO noMOllteT Oonee 'leTKO Oflpe.De.rIHTb ocoOeHHo=H STOH rpynnw BHPYCOB. 7. 11HaKTHBHJ)OBaHHble BHJ)yCHble BaKUHHbl nPQTHB KJlemeBOro SHUecl>aJJHTa, KOTOPble ceA'iac HcnOJlb3YIOTCR B HeKOTOPblX pai'loHax, xopomo nepeHOCRTCR H 3aJllHlllaJOT npoTHB Oo.ne31-!}1. TIOOTOMy peKOMeH.DYeTCR HCITOJlb30BaTb 9TH BaI<UHHbl AJ1R OXpaHbl 3.DOPQBbR Tex KOHTHHreHTOB HaceneHHR, KOTOpwe no.nBepraklTCR ocoOoMy pi-ICKY• P aOo'-!afl rpynna no MHKO3HhIM 3aOoneBaHHFIM raMOypr, 26-28 oKTFIOpfl 1983 ro;:ia BaeneHHe - 55 - ICP/BVM Ol O(S) 0754A 6 F1HBapF1 1984 rona OPlm1HAJ1: AHI'JIHi-cKHH B nattHOM COBell!aHHH npHHflJTH y'-{aCTHe 15 Be~HX MHKOJTOroB (Bpa'-leH, BeTepHHapoa, OHOJTOr o a, c eponoroa, aJTJTepronoroa H 9=eMHonoroa) H3 CTpaH Eapo111,!, a TaK)l(e H3 Coe=eHHhlx l!ITa To B AMePHKH. noaonoM = npoaeneHHFI coaemaHHFI FIBHJTHCb HacToamee 3 Ha'-!eHHe rpHOKOBbIX 3aOoneBaHHH, TeHneHUHFI K pocry HX '-!HCJTa H Oonee CePbe3HhlH xaPaKTep Bb13blBaeMblX HMH OCJTO)l(HeHHH, HeoOXO.IIHMOCTh ITOJ!Y'-!e HHFI Oonee nonPQOHOH IIBl>o pMaUHH O pa3Jl.1-1Hb!X 9 nHneMHOJTOrH'-!ecKHX H H03OJTOrH'-lecKHX acneKTax MHKO3 OB H JTy'-!m eH o praHH3aUHH HaOmoneHHFI 3a HHMH. n o MHMO 9TOr o , CTOIUla 3ana'-la HCnpaBHTh ITOJTO)l(eHHe, CJTO)l(HBIIIeecfl B pane oOnacreA n1-1arttOCTHKH H TepaneBTHKH, a TaK)l(e yTO'-!HHTb KJTaCC~HKa UHIO H TePMHHOJTOrHIO, HCITOJ!b3yeMble B MHKOJ!OrHH, ITOCKOJlbKY B HHX TPY.IIHO pa3oOpan,cF1 He TOJlbKO nOCTOpoHHHM, HOH cneUHaJTHCTaM-MHKOJTOraM. OCHOBHblM ycJTOBHeM, ITO3BOJlfllOmHM nJTaHHpoBaTb 31><1>eKTHBHhle MePbJ OoPbCN C MHKO3HblMH HHl>eKUHFIMH, FIBJTfllOTCfl 3HaHHFI o0 HX pacnpocTpaHeHHOCTH, 9KOJ!OrHH Bbl3b1Bal<l!IHX HX B03OY.IIHTeJTeH, nyTFIX H cnocoOax nepena'-!H HH'l>eKUHH, cpenOBbIX <l>aKTOpax, oOyCJTOBJTHBalOIIIHX pacnpQCTPaHeHHe H YCTOH'-!HBOCTb B03OY.IIHTeJTeH MHK030B. CoapeMeHHble 9nHneMHOJTOrH'-lecKHe MeTO.Il,I IT03BOJ1FIIOT nenan, TO'-!HYIO oueHKy 9THX <l>aKTOpoB. 8 Oo.JlblllHHCTBe eaponeAcKHX CTpaH MHK03bl FIBJlfllOTCFI BTOPH'-!HblMH HHl>eKUHFIMH, KOTOPbJe pa3BHBalOTCFI npH Ha.JIH'-IHH OraronpHFITHhlX = 9TOro <l>aKTopoB. 3TH <l>aKTOPbJ, KOTOPble MOryT Cl,in, 9K3oreHHblMH HJTH 9 H.OOreHHhIMH, HrpaIOT onpeneJlfllOlllYICl po.Jlb B pac npocrpaHeHHH, H03OJTOrH'-lecKOM J<aPaKTepe H npQrH03HPOBaHHH MHK03OB, B CBF13H C '-!eM HX TaK)l(e Heo0XOnHMO H3Y'-!HTb Oonee nonpoOHo. Bopi,oa C MHKO3Hb1MH HH<l>eKUHFIMH, B03MO)l(}l0 B Oo.JlbllleH creneHH '-!eM C ,opyrHMH HHl>eKUHFIMH, Tpe0yeT npoaeneHHFI 111HPQKHX KaMnaHHH caHHTapHoro npocaemeHHFI a 111Konax, a apMHH, no Max nJTfl npecrapeJlblx Ha Oo.JlbHHUax, a TaK)l(e pa3paOoTKH npoCTblX peKOMettnaUHH, KaCaIOll!HXCFI nonOopa repaneBTH'-lecKHX c pencra H npol>HJTaKTHKH MHK03Hh1X 3aOoJTeBaHHH B UeJTOM. C y'-{eTOM 9TOro nepen COBemaHHeM CTOFIJTa ue.Jlb o npeneJTHTI, B COOTBeTCTBHH C BblllieYKa3aHHhJMH ITOJTO)l(eHHFIMH Ba)l(HOCTh = OCllnecrBeHHoro 3npaaooxpatteHHFI rpHOKOBbIX 3a0oJTeBaHHH H oOpHCOBaTb pea.JlbHoe noJTO)l(eHHe B 9TOH oOJTacTH. TeMbI .IIHCKYCCHH Coae111aHHe oOcynHno CJTeWIOll!He aonpocbl: MHKO3Hble 3aOoneBaHHF1 KaK npoOneMa OCllnecraeHHoro 3 npaaooxpaHeHHF1! 9KOJTOrHFI naToreHHblX l"'!)HOKOB! 9nHneMHOJTOrHFI rpHOKOBl>IX IIBl>eKUHH B EaponeHCKOM pernoHe: po.Jlb, KOTopyIO HrpaIOT MHKO3Hble HHl>eKUHH B aMOyJTaTOPHOH ITPaKTHKe, IIIKOJTax, noMax = npecrapeJlblX H OCllnecraeHHblX oattRX! MHK03hl KaK Ba)l(Hafl npoOneMa BHYTPH0o.JlbHH'-!HblX IIBl>eKUHH! 3Ha'-!eHHe MHK03HblX 3aOoneBaHHH nJJf[ ce.JlbCKOro HaCeJTeHHFI H npencTaBHTeJTeH OTne.JlbHblX KOHTHHreHTOB HaceneHHFI, = KOTOl'.',IX OHH FIBJlfllOTCfl npol>ecCHOHa.JlbHhlM PHCKOM! rpHOKOBI,le HH'l>eKUHH KaK npoOneMa 300H03HhlX 3aOoneBaHHH! KJTHHH'-!ecKafl HMMYHOJTOrHFI MHK03Hb1X 3aOoneBaHHH! ,llHarHocTHKa rpHOKOBblX IIBl>eKUHH! JTe'-!eHHe MHK03HhlX HH<l>eKUHH! npol>HJTaKTHKa H 3Ha'-!eHHe nJJf[ OCllnecrBeHHOro 3.llPaBOOXpaHeHHFI: nonroTOBKa B oOnacTH n1-1arttOCTHKH MHKO3HhlX HH<l>eKUHH H 1-1neHT~HKauHFI naToreHHblx rpHOKOB. PpHOKOBble 3aOoneaaHHF1 BKJ'DO'-!aIOT He TOJlbKO oCN'-!Hble MHK03bl (HHBa3HBHble rpHOKOBble HHl>eKUHH), HO TaK)l(e aJTJTeprH'-!ecKHe 3a0oneBaHHR (MHKOaJTJTepro3bl) H HHTOKCHKaUHH rpHOKOBI>IMH TOKCHHaMH (MHKOTOKCHK03bl, MHKeTH3M). Ha nattHOM COBell!aHHH OCHOBHoe BHHMaHHe CNJTO yneneHO oCN'-!HblM MHK03aM. 3Ha'-!eHHe MHK03OB nJTfl OCllnecrBeHHOro 3npaBOOxpatteHHFI BI>ITeKaeT H3 HX n o aceMeCTHOH pacnpocTPaHeHHOCTH! '-{pe3Bbl'-laHHO BbICOKOH '-!aCTOTbl CJ!Y'-!aea 3aOoneaaHHH (nepaoe MeCTO cpe.lIH acex HH<l>eKUHOHHblX 0oJTe3HeA); HX 9THOJTOrH'-lecKOH H H030J!OrH'-!ecKOH pa3HOpo.lIHOCTH (Oonee 100 B03OYnHTeneA; nopa)l(eHHFI OT noaepXHOCTHblX H Oe3o0H,llHblX ,llO cepbe3HhlX H onaCHblX = )l(H3HH, KOTOPbJe 3aTparHBaIOT ace - 56 - Me.ID•ll..!HHCKHe ,llHCI..IHllJlHHbl H BeTepHHapttyl() Me,111-tUHHY); HX pe3HCTeHTHOCTH K ne'le6HblM npenapaTaM ('laCTO, nOTOMY '!TO Oo.llbllJHHCTBO H3 HHX RBJlfflOTCR BTOPH'IHhlMH Oone3HRMH, a nepBH'IHble Oone3HH TPY,IIHO Bblne'IHTb, 'laCTH'IHO nOTOMY '!TO HMeIOTCR TOJ!bKO 4-5 .neHCTBHTellf,HO 3!><1>eKTHBHblX npoTHBOMHK03HblX npenapaTOB, KOTOpt,Ie MOm!O npHMeHRTh pery nRpHO); H HX TeH,lleHUHH K peUH,IIHBHpoBaHHIO ( nOCKOm,Ky HaOrno,llaeTCR Oonee H.llH MeHee nOCTORHHaFI no,IIBep)l(eHHOCTb opraHH3 MaM, KOTOPb(e ecTh nOBCIO,lly B cpe.ne o0HTaHHR qenoBeKa). BamiaR pom, B pacnpocTpaHeHHH MHK030B B EBpone npHHaJ]Jle)l(HT TaKHM oOllleCTBeHHblM 3aBe,lleHHRM, KaK nnaBaTem,Hble OacceHHbl, cayHbl, ,IIYllleBble, cnoPTrJnaaa.nKH H blKOnbl, r.ne opraHH3Mbl Trichophyton rubrum, T , mentagroohy£~s H Eoidermoohyton floccosum Bbl3b!BaIOT noBePXHOCTHble .nepMaTOl>HT03bl, nopa)l(aJaIIHe npeHMyruecTBeHHO HOrH, nax H HOITH Ha nam,uax Hor. npH KOHTaKTHpoBaHHH C cem,cKOX03RHCTBeHHblMH )l(HBOTHblMH H MaTepHanaMH, HCnOJ!b3yeMblMH Ha ~epMaX H B KOHl<IIIHRX, C ,IIOMalllHHMH H naOopaTOPHblMH )l(HBOTHblMH, a TaK)l(e C )l(HBOTHblMH 300napKOB, MOryT pa3BHBaTbCR OCTPble KepHOHOno,11oOHb1e .nepMaTol>HT03bl 3nH,llepMHca (B OCHOBHOM, KO)l(H ronoBbl, rueH, no,110opo,11Ka , KOHe'IHOCTeH H TYnOBHroa) . 8 Oom,111HHCTBe cny\faea B030yru,rreJIRMl-f 3.0ecb RB11R10TCR Microsporum canis , Trichopby ton vern1cos11m HI meota grophyte c;. Py'IKH ,IIBepeA, CaHHTapHble nOMeilleHHR, KpaHbl, nonOTeHUa H T . n. B Oom,HHUax, ne'le6HHuax H ,IIOMaX ,llJUI npeCTapellbIX MOryT ~Tb HHl>HUHPQBaHbl Candida, KOTOPb(e W3b!BaIOT KaH,IIH,1103bl KOCTHOro nOKpoBa , CJlH3HCTOH oOonO'IKH nonOCTH PTa H nonOBblX opraHOB, a B OT,llellf,HblX CJIY'laFIX - CHCTeMHblH KaH,IIH,llaMHK03. POCT 'IHCna THnOB ne'leHHR H COCTORHHH (XHPYPrHR OTKPblTOro cep.ID..Ia, .npyr1-1e BH,llbl TOpaKallf,HOH XHPYPrHH, nepeca,IIKa TKaHeH, n o.naBneHHe HMMYHHTeTa H C He,llaBHero BpeMeHH CHHJlPOM npHoOpeTeHHOH HMMYHHOH He,IIOCTaTO'IHOCTH). KOTOpble OnaronpHRTCTBYIOT pa3BHTHJO CHCTeMHbIX rpHOKOBblX "1-¢eKUHH, ocoOeHHO BbI3b!BaeMblX Candid a albic a ns , Cr vp tococcus neofo rma n s H Asoe rgillus, oOycnoBHn 3Ho. .. 1Tem,HYIO pacnpOCTpaHeHHOCTb 3THX onaCHblX ,llnR ;T;H3HH MHK030B. HeKOTOPb(e MHK03bl, KOTOPb(e He BCTpe'laIOTCR B EBpone, HanpHMep KOKUI-UIHOMHK03 H rHCTOnna3M03, MOryT BB03 HTbCR H3 CIIIA, r.ne OHH pacnpoCTpaHeHbl Ha 10re CTpaHbl. 9Ta BepoRTHOCTb oco0eHHO yBeJIH'{l-!BaeTCR B CBR3H C paa11HpeHHeM Me)l(,llyHapo,IIHblX nepeBQ30K. CeponorH'lecKHe MeTO,llbl RBJlfflOTCR HaHOonee uenecoo0pa3HblMH MeTO,llaMH, KOTOPb(e MOm!O HCnOJlf,30BaTb npH ,IIHarHOCTHKe MHK030B H BblpaDIHBaHHH KYJ!f,TYP• OcoOeHHO 3TO OTHOCHTCR K CHCTeMHblM MHK03aM. B TO ~ apeMR onb!T noKa3b!BaeT, '!TO B OT,llellf,HblX CJTY'laRX rHCTonaT onOrH'lecKHe Hccne,IIOBaHHR n03BOJlfflOT ObICTpee H,lleH~HUHpoBaTh COOTBeTCTBYIOIIIHe B030y,IIHTenH. l1ccne,110BaHHR KO)l(HOro n oKpoBa HMeIOT TOJ!f,KO orpaHH'leHHYIO ueHHOCTb npH ,IIHarHOCTHKe MHK03HblX HHl>eKUHH, ocoOeHHO KaH,llH,11030B, O,IIHaKO OHH uenecooOpa3Hb1, eCJlH pe'lb H,lleT O rnnepqyBCTBHTellf,HOCTH, Bbl3b!BaeMOH rpHOKOBblMH 3aOoneBaHHRMH. CoapeMeHHble "aHTHreHHble" npenapaTbl Candid a albicans BeQ,Ma pa3JlH'IHbl H co.nep~T Mano npoTeHHa, n03TOMY HX Hellf,3R HcnOJlf,30BaTh .nnR onpe.neneHHR KneTO'IHOro HMMy'HHTeTa. 3.neo, HeoOXO,IIHMbl CTaH,llaPTH3HpoBaHHble npoTeHHOBble cnpaBO'IHble MaTepHanbl, CBo0o,IIHbie OT n o n1-1caxapH,110 B. np1-1 1-1ccne,110BaHHH KOmJOro noKpoBa He peKOMeH,llyeTCR HCnOJ!b30BaTb KOMOHHHpoBaHHble aHTHreHbl "3aMe.nneHHoro" .neHCTBHR, T. K. OHH MOryT MO.m-,l>HUHpoBaTb xapaKTep npoRBneHHA a.nneprnH THna IV , Bbl3b!BaR peaKUHH THnOB I H III. Candida a lbicans , HanPHMep, co.nep)l(HT "non1-1caxap1-1,11Hb1e" MaHHaHHble aHTHTena; yBenH'!HBaeTCR TaK)l(e ypoBeHb UHPKYnHPylODlero aHTHTena H cnocoOHOCTb oOttapy)l(HBaTh peaKUHH THnOB I H III npH nocne,oylODleM TeCTHpoBaHHH . np1-1 occne,IIOBaHHH KO)l(HOro n OKPOBa C nOMa.QblO rHCTo nna3 MHHa H KOKUH,IIHO,IIHHa ,llnR BblRBneHHR anneprnH T11ITa IV oOb!'IHO nOJTY'laIOT n03HTHBHble peaKUHH B 80-90% CJTY'laeB B 3H,lleMJ.NHblX paHOHax, '!able BCero npH OTCYTCTBHH reKyrueA KJIHHH'leCKOH Oone3HH. nOCKOJlf,KY KO)l(HI,Je TecTbl MOryT H3MeHHTb OTBeT aHTHTena, C,IBOPOTKY cne.nyeT npHHHMaTb ,110 HX npoBe,lleHHR. KaH,IIH,1103bl nonoBbIX opraHOB 'lallle nepe.naIOTCR B pe3ym,TaTa nonooor o KOHTaKTa , OCo0eHHO cpe,IIH Mono.ne=, H n03TOMY HeKOTOPb(e aBTOPbl npe,llnO)l(HJIH BKnIO'IHJIH HX B 'IHcnO Oone3HeH, nepe.naBaeMblX nonOBblM nyTeM. 9TO, O,IIHaKO, npHBe,lleT K He.nonyCTHMOH pacnJlblB'laTOCTH B 3nH.neMHonorHH H MO)l(eT Bb13BaTb npoOneMbl 10p1-1,IIH'leCKoro nnatta. B OCHOBHOM CHCTeMaTH'lecKHe HH'l>eKUHH, Bbl3bIBaeMble Candida a l bicans , pa3BHBalOTCR y 3apa)l(eHHblX rno.neA B nHroeBapHTellf,HOM TpaKTe, ocoOeHHO B KHllle'!HHKe. B CBR3H C 3THM Heo0XO,IIHMO nPQBO,IIHTb nepHO,IIH'lecKHH KOnH'leCTBeHHblH aHanH3 .npoueBoro co.nep)l(aHHR 3KCKPeMeHTOB y TaKHX Oom,Hblx H HX QOe33apa)l(HBaHHe. ne'leHHe MHK030B ,IIOJl)l(HO OCYb!eCTBnRTbCR TOJ!f,KO Ha OCHOBe TO'IHOro ,IIHarH03a, B 'laCTHOCTH, Ha OCHOBe H3yqeHHR HX HaTYpallf,HblX CBOHCTB. AHTHMHK03Hble npenapaTbl ,110.IDIHbl npHMeHJ'ITbcR C Y'leTOM BH.Oa 3a0oneBaHHR H B yCTaHOBneHHOM nopR,IIKe; HCnOm,30BaHHe "neKapcTB IIIHpoKOro cneK-rpa .nei:\cTBHR" H 00 KOM0HHHpoBaHHblX npenapaTOB" (HanpHMep, O,IIHOBpeMeHHoe npHMeHeHHe aHTHMHK03HblX neKapcTB, nPQTHBo0aKTePHallf,HblX npenapaTOB H CTepoH,IIOB) ,llOJl)l(HO C:i,(Tb MaKCHMallf,HO OrpaHH'leHO. HOBble aHTHMHK03Hble npenapaTbl cne.nyeT TIJlaTellf,HO aHanH3HpoBaTb nyreM conOCTaBneHHR HX c HMelOIIIHMHCR neKapcTBaMH, np1-10eraR npH 3TOM, ecnH 3TOM B03MO)l(HO, K nepcneKTHBHblM HCnb!TaHHl!M neKapcTB no.n ,IIBOHHblM cneraIM KOHTponeM. 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TTpl-t HanpaeneHUH HHl>OPMauHH a n:x:y.aapcraa- l.UleHM cne.ayeT HCITOJlb30BaTb pa.3JTI,NHbie net1an-a,1e MclTePHa.J'lbl, JlHHef.U-fYlO CBR3b C TepMID-taJJaMl-1 H / HJ'U-f JtHHa'iHYJO 1-f.J'lH HemrneHHYIO CB.R3b C MeCTHb!Ml-t OB.to<aMH ,QaHHblX, ;nn,tTblBaJ'I ITPH 3TOM Te B03MO~OCrn , KOTOi::b!MM pacnonaraeT nonpas.aeneH1-1e no Me.DHKO-CaHHT3DHOMy 3a.KOHODaTeJibCTBY EPB 803. 9. pa3 a 'Il)H ro.na Ha pef"YJlRPHOH OCHOBe CJ1e,ayeT npoBO,m,iTb coeerua.Hl-1.R no MOHH1."oPHHry oueHKH xo.na pa.3BHTH.R t--n-t:i>OPMa.LnlOHHOH CfCTeMbl B oOnacnt Me.mo<Crea.HHTapttoro 3aKOH0.C3TeJ'IbCTBa. - 65 - MEll\UYHAPOnHOE nECHTHJJETHE ffi!TbEBOro BOnOCHAB)f{EHHH H CAHHTAPHH PaOotraR rpynna no MOHIITOpliHry XO,lla paOO'n,1 B paMKax Mell,llyHapo,lll-loro .llecRTHJieTHR mrn,esoro BO,llOCHa0geHlffl H Ca!-IHTapHH B EBpone KoneHrareH, 14-18 MaPTa 1983 ro.na BBe,lleHHe - 67 - ICP/BSM 003(4)(S) 0824A 27 HHBapH 1984 ro,lla OPHl11HAJJ: AHfJIJ,llJ:CKHll: CTpoBe.lleHHe .llaHHOH PaOoqeH rpyrnlbl HBJI.F!eTcR OTBeTOM Ha pe111eHHe TPH.llllaTb nepsoH cecCHH EBponeHCKOro pernoHaJU,HOro KOMHTeTa, 3a~HKCHJ)OBaHHoe B pe30JUOl.llil-l RC31/R9, npe,llJlaraJalleH PernoHaJU,HOMY ,lllil)eKTopy npHHRTb Heo0XO,llHMble Mep.I no YCHneHHIO no,ll,llep~H, a<a3blBaeMOH PernOHaJU,HbIM Oropo rocy,lla!)CTBaM-4neHaM B HX yCHJIHRX no cOopy ,llaHHblX oO oOecne4eHHOCTH HaceneHHR Oe3onacHOH mrn,eBOH BO,llOH, a,lleKBaTl-lbIMH CHCTeMaMH Y.llaJJeHHR OTXO,llOB, a TaKge no acneKTaM Ka4ecTBa nHTbeBOH BO.llbl, CBR3aHHbIM co 3.llOPOBbeM. 8 YKa3aHHOH pe30JUOI.JIDf npe,llnaraeTcR TaKge perynffPHO HHcf)opMHpoBaTb PernOHaJU,HbJH KOMHTeT 0 pe3ym,TaTax npo,llenaHHoH paOoTbl . .IIJI.F! peanH3aJJlil,I nOCTaBneHHbIX ueneH HeoOXO,llHMO C03,llaHHe 9Cj)q>eKTHBHOro MexaHH3Ma cOopa CTaH,llapnr3HpoBaHHOH HHcf)oPMaUHl-1 H3 rocy,llapcTB-qneHOB, a TaKge aKTI!BHoe npHBneqeHHe K ,lleRTeJll,HOCTl-1 B paMKax .llecRTI!neTI!R opraHH3aIJHH H yqpe~eHHH B CTJ)aHax, pacnonaraianHx HaHOonee coaeµaeHHblM oOopy,llOBaHHeM ,llJI.F! 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TaKaR HHcf)oPMaIJHOHHaR CH=eMa HeoOXO,lll-lMa ,llJI.F! PYKOBO,llRlllHX opraHOB, OTBe4alOIIIHX 3a paOoTy cnygO B0,llOCHaOgeHHR H caHHTapHH. BHe,ilPeHHe TaKOH CHCTeMbl .naeT B03MOfflOCTb: C03,llaTb 0aHK oCimHX =aTI!=eCKHX ,llaHHblX no BCeM CTJ)aHaM EBponeHCKOro perHoHa; ocymecTBJI.F!Tb oOMeH HHcf)oPMaUHeH Mell,lly CTJ)aHaMH; CO,lleH=BOBaTb Pa3BHTHIO KOHTaKTOB, a, cne,llOBaTeJll,HO, H paCl!IHPeHHIO COBMecTHblX HaY'l}lblX Hccne,llOBaHHH, a TaKge He ,llorryCKaTb ,ilyOnHPQBaHlffl ocymecTBnReMOH ,lleRTeJU,HOCTI!. CTpe,llJlaraeMaR ~OPMaUHOHHaR ==eMa, C03,llaHHe KOTOpoH CBR3aHO C Heo0XO,lll-lMOCTbID MOHHTOPHHra pe3ym,TaTOB paOoTbl no ,llOCTHgeHHID ueneH .llecRTHJieTlffl, Oy,lleT B ,llaJU,HeHbleM cny=Tb B Ka4ecTBe HHcf)oPMaUHOHHOH cH=eMbl cnygO BO,llOCHaOgeHlffl H caHHTaPHH, RBJIRRCb O,lll-lHM H3 sneMeHTOB ynpaaneHHR BO,llHbIM X03RH=BOM. 3Ta CHCTeMa ,ll=a ,lll-lHaMH4HO pa3BHBaTbCR H COBeP111eH=BOBaTbCR B XO.Ile ,llaJU,HeHl!lero Pa3BHTlffl cnygO H npH H3MeHeHHH TJ)eOoMHHH, npe.ltbRBJI.F!eMblX K cOopy ~MaUHH. CTpoOneMbl, KOTOp.!e npe,llCTOHT pa,tHTb nocne KOH~peHUHH OpraHH3aUHH 00'.be,llHHeHHblX HaUHH no BO,llHblM pecypcaM B Map--,llem,-ITnaTa B 1977 r. 003 npoaena TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIH "sKcnepHMeHT no yCKopeHHOH oueHKe". Ero uem,ro <'.J,JJTO onpe,lleneHHe B MaKCHMaJU,HO cgaTble cpoKH YPQBHR pa3BHTlffl cnygO BO,llOCHaOgeHHR H caHHTapHH B K=OM H3 rocy,napc-ra-qneHOB ,llJI.F! COCTaBneHHR oCimero o03opa co=ORH!ffl ,llen B STOH oOnacTI! ,llO OTKp.ITI!R .llecRTI!neTHR 1 RHBapR 1981 r. - 68 - npoBe.neHHe TaKOH OTHOC11TeJlbHO HeCJJOlltHOH oueHKH wno coop!nteHO, BO nepBhIX, C TPY.llHOCTRMH B nony'leHHH CTaTHCTH'leCKHX ,naHHhIX O cny,rcoax BO,llOCHaO,rceIDIB H CaHHTapHH H, BO-BTOPhlX, B nony'leHHH COOOCTaBHMblX Ha perHOHaJU,HOM ypoBHe .naHHhlX O ,lleRTeJlbHOCTH 3THX cny,rc(5 B CTPaHax. • K 'IHCny TaKHX TPY.nttOCTeH, BO3HHKIIIHX B xo.ne npoBe.neHHR oueHKH, cne.nyeT OTHecTH: B nepByIO O'lepe,lll,, TOT (j)aKT, '!TO BO MHOrHX CTpaHax He ocyllJecTBJ!ReTCR cOop cTaTHCTH'leCKHX ,llaHHhlX no BonpocaM B0,llOCHaO,rceIDIB H/H.rn-r CaHHTap1-11-1; Hepe,lll<O coop ,naHHhIX BBH.ny OTcyTCTBHR MexaHH3Ma no ero ueHTpanH3OBaHHOMY npoae.neHHIO ocyllJecTBnRnCR pa3PQ3HeHHO, Bcne.ncTBHe qero nonyqaeMaR HH(j)opMaLII-IR o0 OT,lleJlbHhlX CHCTeMax BO.llOCHaCi)l(effilR HnH y .naneHHR OTXO.llOB He Morna .naTb npe.ncraanemm O COCTORHHH .nen B 3TOH oOnacTH B MacmTaoax BCeH crpal-ihl; Hepe.lD{O pa3nl-!'1Hhle MHHHCTePCTBa H Be,llOMCTBa B CTPaHaX HecyT OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a pa3nH'IHhle HanpaBneIDIB pafun,r B paMKax ceKTOpa BO.llOCHaO,rceHHR H caHHTapHH, B '-!aCTHOCTH, KaK npaBHnO, cny,rct'.1,1 caHHTapHH H cny,rcoo BO.llOCHaO,rceIDIB OKa3h!BalOTCR no,llBe,llOMCTBeHHh!MH Pa3nH'IHhlM yqpe,rc,neHH.f!M; Hepe,lll<O KOHTPQJlb 3a .neRTeJlbHOCTblO KOMMYHaJlbHhlX cny,rcO RBJ!ReTCR npeporaTHBOH MYffilUHCTanHTeTOB, '!TO ,nenaeT npaKTH'lecKH HeBO3MO)l(Hh!M c6op HeoOXO.llHMOH Htt!>opMaUHH, npH 3TOM B ceJlbCKHX paHOHax Hepe.lD{O OTcyTCTBYeT KaKOH-nHCio opraH, Be,naJQllHH .nenaMH B 3TOH oOnacr1-1; MHHHCTepCTBa 3.npaBOOxpatteHHR, C KOTO!)l,IMH 803 COTpy,llHH'laeT Ha HaUHOHBJlbHOM ypoBHe, He HecyT OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH 3a ,neRTeJlbHOCTb cny,rcO BO.llOCHaO,rceHHR H caHHTaPHH, XOTR, KaK npaBHno, OT Be'lalOT 3a caHHTaplihlH H rnrneHH'leCKHH KOHTPOJlb B 3TOH oOnaCTH. Kor.na B xo.ne npoBe.neHHR "3KcnepHMeHTa no yCKopeHHoH oueHKe" Ha'lana nocrynan, H aHanH3HPQBaTbcR HH(j)OpMaLII-IR H3 rocy,napCTB-'-!neHOB, B03HHKna npoOneMa, CBR3aHHaR C HeconOCTaBHMOCTblO 3THX .naHHhlx. HanpHMep, O,llHH CTPalihl cooCilllanH o0 OXBaTe HaceneHHR COOTBeTCTBYIOlllHMH cny,rcCiaMH B npoueHTHOM mrpa,rceHHH, TOr.na KaK .npyrHe npHBO.llHnH .naHHhle O KOnH'leCTBe lltHnhlX CTPoeHHH, pacnonaralOlllHX coarBeTCTBYIOlllHMH cny,rcCiaMH BO,llOCHaO,rceHHR H caHHTapHH. ,llpyrne npoOneMbl HOCHnH oonee ¢YH.naMeHTaJlblihlH xapai<Tep H CSr,rnH CBR3aHhI C pa3nH'IHRMH B no.nxo.ne K KnaccH(j)HKaUHH "ceJlbCKHX" HnH "ropo,nCKHX" cny,rcO, a TaK)l(e C onpe.oeneHHeM noHRnn'i 11aneKaaTHbtH 11 H "Oe3onacHbJH 11 HJD-1 11 CCX)TBeTCTBYIObtlffl 11 • npOTOKon paOOThr O'-leBH.llHO, '!TO e.nHHCTBeHHo BO3MO)l(Hl,IH nyTb npeo.noneHHR HeKOTOPhlX H3 YKa3aHHhIX TPY.llHOCTeH CBR3aH C pa3paCioTJ<oH CHCTeMhl cOopa HH(j)oPMaUHH H MOHHTopHHra ,neRTeJlbHOCTH cny,rcO, npoBO.llHMOH COBMeCTHO C PYKOBO.llCTBOM cny,rcO BO.llOCHaO,rceHHR H caHHTapHH B Ka)l(,llOM H3 rocy,napcTB-'-!neHOB • .llnR 3Toro oona C03Batta cneUHaJlbHaR PaOo'-!aR rpynna, HMeBlllaR cBoei:i uem,ro no.nrOTOBKY nPQTOKona COTPY.llHH'leCTBa. Bee paOoTe yqaCTBOBana Me,rc,nyttapO,llHaR accoUHaLII-IR no BO.llOCHaO,rceHHIO (MAB) , HenpaBHTeJlbCTBeHHaR opraHH3aUHR, COTPY.llHH'laia!laR c 003 . npoTOKOn BKnIO'lan B ceOR PR.ll Ba)l(HeH!dHX 3neMeHTOB: BOCTPOCHHK, B KOTO!)l,IH CSr,mH BKnIO'leHhI PYKOBO.IlRlllHe YKa3aHHR H noRCH11TeJlbHhie 3aMe'-!aHHR; YKa3aHHR no HCCTOJlb3OBaHHIO BOnpocHHKa, BKnIO'laR nepe'-!eHb COOTBeTCTBYIOIIIHX yqpe,rc,neHHH B CTpaHax; rpa(j)HK coopa ,naHHh!X, HX aHanH3a H npe.ncTaBneHHR pe3ym,TaToB; npe,nno,rceHHR OTHOCHTeJlbHO '-!aCTOThl npoBe.neHHR MOHl1TopHHra H COCTaBneHHR OT'leTOB O npo.nenaHHOH paOoTe. BonpocHHK OCHOBHaR qacn, COBelllaHHR Ohlna OOCBRllleHa no.npoOHOMY paCCMQTPeHHIO npQeKTa oonpocHHKa, npe,ncTaBneHHOro B Ka'lecTBe OCHOBHOro paooqero ,llOKyMeHTa. B COTPY.llHH'leCTBe C MAB Or,rn no.nroTOBneH ero nepepaOoTaHHhlH BaPHaHT .llJlR nocne.nyKII!eH OIT!paBKH B COOTBeTCTBYIOIIIHe yqpe,rc,neHHR B crpattax, Be,llaIOlllHe BOnpocaMH BO.llOCHaO,rceHHR H caH11TapHH, KOTOp!,IM npe.ncrol1T no.nroTOBHTh OTBeThl Ha Hero. 4ToCi!,r H3(5e,rcaTb Hetty,r(Hl,IX TPY.llHOCTeH, BOCTPOCHHK Or,in YTBep,rc,neH B OKOH'laTeJlbHOM BH.ne, '!TO, Bnpo'leM, He HCKnIO'laeT BO3MOlltHOCTH ero .nopaCioTKH H COBeµireHCTBOBaHHR Ha OCHOBe npaKTH'leCKOro OCTh!Ta. - 69 - Y'{!JelK,lleHW! no cOopy HH<!>OPMaJ..lID{ B c-rpaHaX HaID!OHaJ!bHbte KOMl-!Ten.t MAB B KaJIC.llOM H3 rocy.11apcT:tr-'UleHOB =aBJ!RIOT OCHOBY ceni Y'{!JelK,lleHJ-!H no cOopy HH<!>OPMaJ..lID{ B CTl)aHax. B HeKOTOPblX rocy.11apcraax, r.11e He cyl!leC'rByeT HaID!OHaJlbHblX KOMIITeTOB MAB, BOnpQCHHKH Oy,llyT =npaBJl/iThCFI OpraHH3aID!eH B a,opec MI-IHH=epcrB 3,JJpaBOOxpaHeHW! C npoa,Oofl HanpaBHTh HX COOTBeT=BYtomHM Y'{!JelK,lleHHRM, 3atiHMa!QJlHMCFI BOnpQCaMI-! BO,llOCHa6lleHHR H caHHTapHH, c ,urraR, =o PaOo'!aR rpyrma BnoJl}ie MOlleT B3f!Th Ha ceOR cocTaBneH1-1e nepe'!HFI Y'{!Jel!UleHI-IH no cOopy HH<!>OPMaJ..lID{ B =PaHax, 'UleHbl PpyllTibl Bee lie OTMeTHJIH, '!TO 3Ta paOoTa HaHJJY'-IIIIHM oOpa30M Morna CSbt ObtTb BbtnOnHeHa MAB np;i COOTBeT=BYtomeH KOHCYJlbTal..lHl1 c B03. 4a=OTa npoBe,lleHWI MOHHTOPIDtra nocne oCicylK,lleHW! 3Toro BOnpoca yqa=8HKH coBeblaHHR OTBeprn1-1 nepBOHa'!aJlbHoe npe.11nolleHHe o npoBe,lleHHH MOHHTOPIDtra pa3 B nonTOpa ro.oa, OTMeTHB uenecooOpa3HOCTh ero QCyblecTBneHW! KallUlble ,llBa ro.11a . 8 HTOre Obtno npID!f!TO peroeHHe O npoBe,lleHHH MOHHTOPHHra pa3 B ,llByxneTHe, Ha'!HHaf! C c epe,llHHLJ 1983 r. , nocne paca,i.lll(H BOnpQCHHKa B rocy.11apcraa-qneHhl Ha aHrnHHCKOM H ~paHUY3CKOM fl3WKax. BbtBO,llbl H peKOMeH.DaUHH 1 . PaOo'!afl rpyrma no,ll'lePKHYna BaniOCTb C03,llaHHFI B eBpQneHCKHX CTJ)aHax YHH~HID!pQBaHHblX HH<!>OPMaIDIOHHblX c1-1=eM B oOna= BO,llOCHa6lleHW! 1-1 CatraTapHH, 2 . PaOo'laf! rpynna paccMo-rpena MaTePH= ny6 nHKaUHH blTa~KBaPTHPW 803 Nationa l a nd g l obal monito ring of water supply a nd sanita t ion a . Y'!a=HHKH COBe!llaHHFI cornacHJIHCb B TOM, '!TO B 3TOH paOoTe H3naraeTCFI npaBHJlbHblH nO.llXO.ll K cOopy HH<!>OPMaUHH np;i rnoOaJlbHOM MOHHTQPHHre pe3yJlbTaTOB pa60Tbt B paMKax ,UecRTHneTHFI, PaOo'!aR rpynna OTMeTHna, O,llHaKO, '!TO BHe,llpeHHe HaID!OHaJlbHWX H r JIOOaJlbHblX ==eM MOHHTOPHHra npe,llHa3Ha'!eHO, B nepBytO O'!epem,, .llJ1li pa3BHBa!OblHXCFI c-rpaH. B r ocy.11apcraax EBpcneHCKOro perHOHa TaKOH nO.llXO.ll .llOnlleH ObtTb nepepa60TaH c yqeTOM pernoHaJlbHhlX ycnoaHH . 3. OpraHH3aUHR H npoae,lleHHe MOHl-iTOPIDtra B paMKaX ,UecRTHneTHR B eBpcneHCKHX c-rpaHax .llOnllHhl QCybleC'rBJlliTbCFI HCKntO'IHTeJlbHO Ha HaID!OHaJlbHOM YPoBHe, nOCKOJlbKY B OoJlbblID!CTBe rocy.11apcrB PernoHa OTCyTCTBYeT KaKOH-nHOo nepcoHan Y'{!JelK,lleHHH Opratra3aUHH 06'.be,llHHeHHblX HaID!H HnH B03, B CTPaHax P ernoHa ,llQn)J(Hbl npeHMY!JleC'rBeHHO ,lleHCTBOBaTb HH<!>OPMaIDIOHHble CHCTeMW, np;i 3TOM MOHl-iTOPHHr xo.oa paOOTw B paMKax ,UecRTHneTHR ,llOnlleH 6b!Tb .llHlllb O,llHHM H3 KOMnOHeHTOB HX ,llef!TeJ!bHOCTH. 4 . HaUHOHaJlbHbte 1-1 rnoOaJlbHbte ==eMW MOHHTQPHHra ,llOn)J(Hbl HaHTH COOTBeTCTBYtomee OTpa;teeHHe B npOTOKone HH<!>OPMaUHOHHOH paOQTw B EBpQneHCKOM pernoHe C TeM, '!Tcx:N co0paHHh!e B paMKaX 3THX CHCTeM ,llaHHhle .11ono11HF1J1H HH<!>OPMaID!!O, nony'!eHHYtO B .llPYrHX pernoHax B npouecce MOHl-iTOPHHra ,llef!TeJlbHOCTH B paMt<ax ,UecRTHneTIIR, s. npcTOKOn ,llOn;teeH 6WTb COCTaBneH TaKHM o0pa30M, '!ToObi OH MOr 1'.l,tTI, B nocne,llytomeM nepepaOoTaH HnH .11onoJl}ieH, 6. ,UJl/i ycneblHOro npoBe,DeHHFI MepQnpHRTHH 1-1 nonyqeHHR MaKCHMaJlbHO TO'!HOH HH<!>OPMaUHH pa60Ty Ha.II npOTOKOnoM cne,llyeT QCybleC'rBnf!Tb np;i CO,lleHCTBHH H co-rpy,llHH'le=Be PYKOBO,llflblHX opraHOB B crpaHax, Be,lla!OblHX ,llef!TeJlbHOCTb!O cny;ic6 BO,llOCHa6lleHHFI 1-1 CaHHTapHH. 7. Ha;iOonee npHeMneMWM .llJ1li 80'3 1-1 3¢cl>eKTHBHhlM nyTeM peanH3aUHH npQTOKOJla FIBnReTCFI COTPY.llHH'leC'rBO c MAB , HenpaBHTeJ!bCTBeHHOH opraHH3aJ.D,leH, npe,llCTaBnR!ObleH cny~ BO,llOCHa6lleHHFI BO BceM MJ.!Pe; TaKOH no.llXO.ll COOTBeTCTByeT nono;iceHHRM no,llnHcaHHoro B MapTe 1983 r. cornaroeHW! o co-rpy,llHH'lecTBe, 8. nOCKOJlbKY npoBe,lleHHe MepQnpH.fIT!iH ,Uecf!THneTHFI y;ice Ha'!aTO ,llBa ro.oa Ha3a.ll, HCKntO'!HTeJlbHO BaniO B KpaT'!aHblHe CPOl<H 3aBeproHTh pa60Ty Ha.II npOTOKQnOM H npH=YnJ.ITh K ero peaJ!H3aID!H, a National and g lobal monitoring of water s upply and san i t a tion. Geneva, World Hea lth Or ganization, 1982 (Internationa l Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade, Publication No . 2) . MeJ1UIYHapo,m-roe .aecHnmerne !IBTbeBoro B0.llOCHa0ll(eHHfl H caHHTapHH KoHcyJlbTaTHBHoe COBelllaHHe PaoaT, 19-20 anpemr 1983 ro.aa - 70 - M0R/BSM 004 (S) 0628A 25 MM 1983 ro.aa OPHrHHAJJ : AHI' JlHl'CKJ,111 C TeM '-J'"'')C5i,J o0ecne'-n1Tb BHel!IHee ¢HHaHCHpc)BaHHe npoeKTOB B0.llOCHa0ll(eHHf! H caHHTapHH , 3annaHHpoBaHHbIX K peanH3ailliH B paMKax Mell(.nyHapo,llHOI"O ,aecf!THJ1eTJ,ffl ITHTueBoro B0,llOCHa0ll(eHHfl H caHHTapHH (M,llllBC), npaBHTeJ!bCTBO MapoKKO BMe=e c EBponeHCKHM pernoHaJlbHbIM Oiopo B03 np1-1rnaCHJ10 areHTCTBa ,llByCTOpoHHeH H MHOro=opoHHeH noMOMH , a TaKll(e Mell(.ayHapo,aHb1e ¢HHaHCHPyIOMHe Y'fpell(,lleHl-lfl npHHf!Tb }"laCTHe B KOHCYJlbTaTHBHOM coaeroaHHH , UeJ!b KOTOporo COCTOf!l1a B TOM, '-ITOOhl onpe.aenHTb peaJlbHbie B03M0ll(HQCTii ¢HHaHCHpoBaHHfl yKa3aHHbIX npoeKTOB 1-13 BHellIHHX 1-1=o'IlffiKOB. CosemaHHe npoBO,llHl10Cb Ha aHI"nHHCKOM, apa(5cl(oM H ¢paHUY3CKOM fl3bIKax C CHHXpoHHhlM nepeBO.llOM. Ha uepeMOHHH OTKPhlTiifl, KOTOpaH npoxo.a1-1na no.a npe.ace.aaTeJlbCTBOM npeMbep-MHHHCTpa, npHcyT=BOBa.JJH 10 MHHH=poB npaBHTeJ!b=Ba MapoKKO, a TaKll(e MHOro'-GICJ1eHHhle npe.a=aBHTenH .mmnoMaTHqecKoro KOpnyca. B paOoTe COBelllaHHfl npHHFlml }"la=He npe.a=aBHTenH 20 =paH, 8 ¢HHaHCHPYIOMHX Y'fpell(,lleHHH, COTpy,DHHqaJOMHX Ha .llBY=OpoHHeH OCHOBe, 8 yqpell(.lleHHH, COTPY.m-r=aio= Ha MHOI"OCTOpoHHeH OCHOBe, a TaKll(e 11 Y'fpell(,lleHHH c1-1=eMhl OpraHH3aUI-IH 00'.be,DHHeHHbIX HaUHti. 8 paOoTe COBeroaHHf! C5blJIH HCl10Jlb30BaHbl roecTb Te=ecKHX HCXO.llHblX .llOKyMeHTOB, no.aroTOBJ1eHHbIX npaBHTeJlb=BOM MapoKKO B COTPY.llH=e=se C B03, B KOTOPhlX Ohll1H KpaTKO H3J10ll(eHbI nnaHbI H 3a,aa'-Gf M.nilB: H ,llaHO O!IBCaHHe npoeKTOB B0,llOCHa0ll(eHHf! H CaHHTapHH, npe.nycMaTpHBaIOMHX ,ao=Hll(eHHe ueneti M,llnBC. Pe3yJlbTaThl coaeroaHHfl TTpaBHTeJ!b=Bo MapoKKO H HaUHOHaJTbHbie Te=ecKHe yqpell(,lleHHfl, 3aHf!Thle peroeHHeM npoOneM BO.llOCHaOll(eHHfl H CaHHTapHH, npe.a=aBHnH 1-1cqepnwBalOlllyIO HH¢opMaUHIO O CBOHX nnaHax H npoeKTax Ha .IIecf!THl1eTHe. MapoKKO OTHOCHTCfl K KaTeropHH =paH co cpe,m-reM ypoBHeM ,llOXO,llOB H nOSTOMY MOll(eT B OCHOBHOM npeTeH,llOBaTb Ha nonyqeHHe 3aHMOB, a He cyOcl-!JIJ,IH OT MeJIUIYHapo,llHblX ¢HHaHCHPyIOMHX opraHH3aUHti . O.m-raKO ceJlbCKHH ceKTOP no-npell(HeMY HMeeT npaBO Ha cyOcH,llHH. TTpeMbep-MHHH=P B CBoeM Bhl=YITl1eHHH CKa3al1, qTQ B CBfl3H C M,llIIBC MapoKKO =aBHT nepe.a coOoA cne.nyioro1-1e uenH: .llOCTii'lli B 1990 ro.ny 80% OXBaTa ropo,acKoro HaceneHHfl CHCTeMaMH oOroecTBeHHOI"O B0.llOCHa0ll(eHHf! nporna 44% - B 1980 ro.ny; 1-1 .llOCTH'lli B 1990 ro.ny 50% OXBaTa CeJ!bCKOro HaceneHHf! CHCTeMaMH oOroecTBeHHoro B0.llOCHa0ll(eHl-!fl, npOTHB 7% - B 1980 ro.ny. CePI,e3HOH 'npoOneMOH .llJUr MapoKKO f!Bl1fleTCfl TaKll(e HeXBaTKa BO.Dbl B 3acyllll1HBblX H nony3acyllIJ1HBblX patioHax, r.ae npoll(HBaeT nonoaHHa HaceneHHH CTpaHhl. 8 XO.Ile COBeroaHHf! BblflCHHl10Cb, =o npoeKTbl ropo,llCKOI"O B0.llOCHa0ll(eHHf! MOryT C5bJTb ¢HHaHCHpc)Ba.Hl,I 3a cqeT 3aHMOB, HO cyMMbl 9THX 3aHMOB BeC!,Ma orpa~eHhl B CHny OrpaHHqeHHhlX B03MOll(Ho=eH HX noraroeHHfl opraHaMH, OTBeTCTBeHHbJMH 3a B0.llOCHa0ll(eHHe, =o, B CBOIO oqepe.m,, 3aBHCHT OT Bel1H'-G1Hhl nnaThl 3a nOJlb30BaHHe BO.DOH. TT09TOMY yqa=HHKH no,aqepKHYl1H HeoOXO,llHMOCTb nOBblCHTb nnaTY 3a nOJlb30BaHHe BO.DOH, =o paCIIIHpHT B03M0ll(Ho=H yqpell(.lleHHH, OTBe=BeHHblX 3a BO.llOCHa0ll(eHHe, noraroaTb 3a,ll0J1ll(eHHOCTb no 3aHMaM. - 71 - ITpoOneMa ropo,ncKHX OKpaHH MOll<eT Ot,in, pemeHa, ecJlH OHH Oy,nyT oOecne'leHbl COOTBeTCTBYIOIIIHMH CJTYll<OaMH B TOO l!<e Mepe, 'ITO H ueHTJ)aJ'lbHble paJioHLJ . no MHeHHIO y'{aCTHHKOB, npoeK'Thl ropo.ncKOil KaHaJJH3aUHH MOryT Ob!Tb (f)HHaHCHPQBaHhl C nOMOl!lblO 3ai:IMOB, ecJlH yperyJJHP()BaTb HeoOXO,llHlo!b!e opraHH3auHOHHble BOnpc)CJ,I, oOecne'IHB (f)HHaHCOBYIO aBTOHOMHIO COOTBeTCTBYIOl!IHX opraHOB, no KpaHHeA Mepe, B Oorn,mHX ropo,nax. OllblT pemeHHJ! ,'Ka3aHHOA npoOJTeMJ,J B yCJJOBHRX ropo,na KacaOJTaHKH Oy,neT HCCT01lb3OBaH .[lllR anpoOHJX)BaHHR yKa3aHHOO cxeMb! paOoTbl KaHaJJH3aUHOHHOO ceTH. B xo.ne COBemaHHR Bb!RCHHJJaCl, TaKll<e cePbe3HaR HexBaTKa cpe,nCTB .[lllR (f)HHaHCHJX)BaHHR pa3BHTl1R CeJTbCKOro BO,nOCHaOll<eHHR, H nosroMy y'{aCTHHIOI oOpaTHJJHCl, C npH3b!BOM K Mell<JJ.YHapo,nHoA oOmeCTBeHHOCTH y,neJTRTb Oollbme BHHMaHHR oonpoc:aM cy0cH,llHJX)BaHHJ! npoe.KTOB BO,llOCHaOll<eHHJ! ceJlbCKHX paHOHOB. B TO ll<e BpeMR ObIJTa OTMe'leHa HeoOXO,llHMOCTb B pa3paOOTKe o praHl-13aUHOHHOA OCHOBbI, KOTOpaR no3BOJIJIT oOecne'IHTh 9<1X!>eKTHBHOCTb .neRTeJlbHOCTH opraHOB ropo,nCKoro oo.nOCHaOll<eHHR B nJTaHe 9KCTlJ!YaTaUHH H ynpaBJTeHHR CHCTeMaMH BO.nooOecne'leHHR. HMeHHO n09TOMy y'{aCTHHKH TaKll<e no.ll'lePKHYJTH HeoOXO,llHMOCTb B ,'l(penneHHH cpraHH3aUHOHHOA OCHOBbl H Ce11bCKoro ceKTOpa, C TeM '1To0bl oOecne'IHTb B03MOll<HOCTb COOTBeTCTByJOMeA 9KcruTYaTaUHH H ynpaBJTeHHJ! KOMMyHaJlbHblMH CJTYll<OaMH . Cpe.nH ¢HHaHCHPYIOIIIHX Y"J'.)ell<,lleHHA, npe,nnOll<HBMHX CBOIO noMOl!lb npaBHTeJlbCTBY MapoKKO B peMeHHH npoOneM BO,nocHaOll<eHHJ! 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He cne,nye-r 3aCihlBaTb O TaKHX KOMnOHeHTaX KaqecTBa, KOTOPble onpe.ne=cR =oRHHeM qe.noaeqeCKJ.IX OTHObleHHH , TaKHX, KaK 3aCioTa O JilO.!lRX. ITpH pa3paCioTKe npcrpaMM oCiecneqeHJ.IR KaqecTBa cne,nye-r TaKge Y.DeJJHTb BHHMaHHe npoCineMaM, CBR3aHHblM C OTHOIIleHHRMH, a TaKge MeTO.IIOflOrJ.lqecKHM npoCineMaM . HJ.lge npHBO,IIRTCR HeKOTOpt,Ie J.13 TeH.DeHUHH, KOTOpwe MOryT OKa3aTb BnHRHHe Ha pa3BHTHe npcrpaMMbI. - TeH.DeHUHR pa3BHTHR caMonoMOIIIH Ciy,neT OOJII,llle CTHMynHpoBaTb npaKTJ.lqeCKHX apaqei:i K TOMy, =~ nyqme oCicnygHBaTb naUHeHTOB . - 76 - 3aKOHonono!teHW!, perymipy1011n-1e ,aeRTeJII,HOCTb BpatteH, MOryT co,aeii=BoBaTb TOMy, ttTO Offi-1 OyJIYT npHffi'!MaTb Oonee orpaHHtteHHoe yqa=He B Mepax no oOecnetteHHJO KattecTsa. YcHneHHe KOHJ<ypeHUHH B pe3ym,TaTe yeeJ!l-l'leHWI qJ,fCfla Me,apaOoTHHKOB ,aenaeT Oonee OCTPQH HeoOXO,DHMOCTb KOHTponR 3a oOcny!tHBaffiieM Hera pe3y.1lbTaTaMH. 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B pe3y.1lbTaTe Oy,aeT eHeceH BKna,a e paOoTY, npo,aenaHHYJO PaOotteii rpynnoo n o npHHUH11aM oueHKH KattecTBa, KOTOPaR pa3pa00Tana MeTo ,aonornttecKHe npHHI..Jl-lDbI. 5 . CneJIYeT H3,'ttJ,!Tb HaYttHLIX Hccne,aosaHHH rocy,aaµCTsax-ttneHax . no H3yqeJ-JHJO pacxo,aoB BOnpoc pa3paf5oTKH esponeHCKOH nporpaMMbl cyOcH,DHH 803 ,DnR co,aeHCTBHR npose,aeHHIO no oOecnetteJ-JHJO KattecTBa H 9KcnepHMeHTaJII,HblX npoeKTOB B 9TOH oOnaCTH B KpoMe Toro, 9TY nporpaMMy MO!tHO HCDOJ!I,3OBaTb ,DnR <!)HHaHCHpoBaffi'IR HCCne,aoeaHHH H CTeneHH 3¢<1leKTHBHOCTH pa3Jll-l'lHblX no,axo,aos K oOecnetteHHIO KattecTBa. 6. C nOMOlllblO 803 MQ!(HO pa3paOoTaTb nporpaMMy oCiytteHHR B uenRx npose,aeHHR no,arOTOBHTeJ!bHbJX ceMHHapoB ,DnR npe,aCTaBHTeneH TlJ)O(j>ecCHOHaffi,HbJX aCCOI..Jl-lauHH, YHHBepcHTeTOB H TlJ)O(j>ecCHOHaJlbHb!X paOoTHHKOB B rocy,aapcTBaX-<UJeHax. 7. Cne,ayeT paCCMOTpeTb oonpoc O <!)HHaHCHpoBaHHH B03 Mep no pa3BHTHIO yqpeg,aeHtteCKHX H Hal..Jl-lOHaJlbHblX CHCTeM HH<!)opMauHH, cnocoOHblX coOHpaTb H aHanH3HpoBaTb ueHHYJ(J HH<!)opMal..Jl-llO O Ba!tHblX npoueccax H KOHettHbJX noKa3aTenRX Katte=sa oOcny!tHBaHHR. PaOottHe rpynm, B03, KOTOPbJe OYJIYT paccMaTPHBaTb npoOneMy noTpeOHo=eH B HH<!)opMal..Jl-lOHHblX CH=eMax, ,OOfl!(Hl,J BK=ttaTb B CBOH peKOMeH,aaUHH nonO!teHHR, KaCaJOl!JHecR HCDOJ!I,3OBaHWI TaKOH HH<!)opMaUHH B HHTepecax oOecnetteHHR KattecTBa. 8. 803 ,aon!(Ha npoRBnRTb onpe,aeneHH,'IO OCTOpo!tHOCTb npH peanH3aUHH Mep no oOecnetteHHIO KattecTBa , C TeM ttToCibJ 9TH Mepbl He Bbl3 BanH Heo0ocHOBaHHbIX Offl,DaHHH. 9. MO!(HO pa3paOoTaTb PYKOBO,llRl!IHe yKa3aHHR no CTPYKTYPHOMy KOHTpo= KattecTBa (MHHHMaJlbHbJe nOTpeOHOCTH B MaTep1-1am,Ho-TeXHHtteCKOM oOecnetteHHH, Ka,apbl , opraHH3al..Jl-lR, ee,aeHHe OTtteTHOCTH) , KOTOpble rocy,aaµCTsa-ttneHbJ MOr"nH ~, HCDOJlb3OBaTb npH BbJ,aaqe pa9pel!leHHH HnH Ha3HatteHHH yqpeg,aeHHH . - 77 - 10 . PeKOMeH.oamm PaOot1efl rpynm1 no npHHUlmaM oueHKH Kat1ecTBa cne.oyeT lllJ.IJ)OKO pacnpocrpaHHTb cpe.o1-1 npe.ocTaBHTeneH HaUHOHaJll,HblX opraHOB 3.opaBOOxpaHeHHR, npo¢eCCHOHam,HbJX H .opyrnx paOoTHHKOB CHCTeMbl 3.opaeooxpaHeHHR, aTTecTa.IlHOHHblX yqpe~.oeHHH H CTpaXOBMHKOB. 11 . Cne.oyeT pa3paOoTaTb Mo.oem, 3aKoHonono~eHHH .onR CTHMYnHJJOBaHHR/ YJ<penneHHR Mep no oOecnet1eHHJO Ka'leCTBa B rocy.oapcrBax- qneHax. BHe.opeHHe Ta.Kl-IX 3aKOHO.OaTeJll,HblX Mep .oo=Ho npoBO.oHTbCR ocropo=o, llOCKOJll,KY B PR.Oe c-rpa.H OHH MOryT OKa3aTbCR HeuenecooOpa3HbIMH. - 78 - Paoo'-laR rpyrma no npHHUHnaM oOecne'-!eHHR Ka'-!eCTBa BapcenoHa, HcnaHHJ1, 17-19 MaR 1983 rona Bse.aeHHe ICP/SPM 044 (S) 0718A 28 ceHTRCpR 1983 ro,oa OPHrnHAJJ: AHI'J1Hl1CKHH B COBeroaHHH Paoo'-!eH rpynm,1 no npHHmmaM oOecne'-!eHHR Ka'-!eCTBa npHHRJll-1 y<raCTHe 15 y<raCTHHKOB H 4 HaCrno.aaTenR C npocl>ecCHOHaJU,HOO opHeHTaUHeH B oCnaCTH ceCTPHHCKOro .aena, 3KOHOMHKH, CHOCTaTHCTHKH H OOJil,HJ,fqHOro oCcny)l(HBaHHR. Cpe,DH HHX Clburn Bpa'll-1, paooTHHKH ~HUHaJU,HhlX opraHOB 3,DpaBOOxpaHeHHR, npeno.aaBaTenH Me,DHUHHCKHX HaYJ( H oCroe=BeHHOro 3.apaBooxpaHeHHR. Ha COBeroaHHH Cb!JJH npe.acTaBneHbl Bem,rHR, HTanHR, HcnaHHR, HHJJepnaH.Dbl, Coe.aHHeHHoe KoponeBCTBO, Coe.aHHeHH1>1e WTaTbl AMepHKH, ¢e.aepaTHBHaR PecnyCnHKa repMaHHH, <!)HHnRH.DHR, <!)paHUHR, lllBeUHR H DrocnaBHR. C yqeTOM Toro, =o oOecne'-leHHe Ka'-!e=Ba RBnReTCR HOBblM H B TO Jl(e BpeMR Jl(enaTeJU,HblM npmruHnOM .aeRTeJU,HOCTH eBponeHCKHX rocy.aapcTB - qneHOB B03, nepe.a rpynnoH China nOCTaBneHa 3anaqa pa3paCioTan, CTpaTerHJO pa3~RCHeHHR 3Toro npHHUHna cpe,DH npe.a=aBHTeneH opraHOB 3,DpaBOOXpaHeHHR, Me.apaOOTHHKOB, Hayqttoo oCroe=BeHHOCTH H naUHeHTOB. Y'-la=HHKH rpynnbl nomITanHCb npoaHanH3HpoBan, H .aan, OTBeT Ha cne.ayTOroHe oonpoCbI. ITo'-!eMY cne.ayeT oCecne'll-!Ban, Ka'-lecTBO? KaKHe uenH npH 3TOM npecne.ayKlTCR? KaKOBbl OOTHMaJU,Hble nyTH BHe.apeHHR 3TOro npHHUHna Ha HaUHOHaJU,HOM H MecTHOM ypoBHRX? KaKHe MeponpHRTHR ,DOfl)l(Hbl BOHTH B npaKTH'-lecKYIO nporpaMMY oCecne'-leHHR Ka'-lecTBa? KaK MOJl(HO nOBblCHTb Ka'-!ecTBO oCcny)l(HBaHHR , ecnH 3TO HeoCXO,DHMO? HcXO.DHaR HH¢0pMaUHR XOTR BceMHpHaR accaMCneR 3,DpaBOOXpaHeHHR H PernOHaJU,Hb!H KOMHTeT He npHHHManH KaKHX-nHOO pe3ornoUHH, B KOTOPblX KOHKpeTHO ynoMHHaeTCR Bonpoc oOecne'-!eHHR Ka'-le=Ba, HeoCXO,DHMOCTb B npoBe.aeHHH 3TOH paOOThl O'-leBH.DHa: Bonpoc oOecne'-!eHHR Ka'-!ecTBa Hawen '-leTKoe BbJPa)l(eHHe B YcTaBe B03, llle=oH H Cem,MOH oCroHX nporpaMMax paCOTbl, BO MHOrHX peKOMeH.aaUHRX, KaCalOb!HXCR pa3paOOTKH HOPM H =aH,aapTOB, - a TaKJl(e oueHKH .aeRTeJU,HOCTH cny)l(C 3.apaBOOXpaHeHHR. rocy napcTBa-qneHJ,( BCe B OOJll,!lleH CTeneHH npoRBnRKlT O'-leBH.DHb!H HHTepec K BOnpocaM oCecne'-!eHHR Ka'-le=Ba. BHHMaHHe, KOTOpoe CeH'-!aC B03 y.aenReT oOecne'-!eHHIO Ka'-!e=Ba, RBJ1ReTCR e=e=BeHHhIM H IDrH'-!HblM cne.aCTBHeM MeponpHRTHH, npoBe.aeHHblX paHee, C yqeTOM BblnOnHeHHR '-leTKO nOCTaBneHHOH UenH B 3TOH oCnacTH. H3 aHanH3a OT'-leTOB H peKOMeHnaUHH paoo'-IHX rpynn, CO3blBaBWHXCR PerHOHaJU,Hh(M C!Opo, BH.DHO, '-!TO KOHUenUHR Ka'-!e=Ba Bee oom,we =aHOBHTCR npe.IIMeTOM .DHCKYCCHH no aonpocaM oueHKH CflYJl(C 3,DpaBOOXpaHeHHR H ~KTHBHOCTH HcnOJU,3OBaHHR HMelOWHXCR pecypcoa. TeMbl .DHCKYCCHH H BblBO.Dbl B xo.ae COCTORBWHXCR .DHCKYCCHH y<ra=HHKH rpynnb! nonb!TanHCb Cionee '-!eTKO onpe.aenHTb OnTHMaJU,Hb(e xapaKTepHCTHKH nporpaMM oOecne'-!eHHR Ka'-!e=Ba. Bbln c.aenaH Bb!BO.D O HeoCXO.DHMOCTH oCecne'-!eHHR Ka'-!e=Ba. KaK H B ycnOBHRX npoH3BO,DCTBa , 3Cl><l>eKTHBHble MexaHH3Mbl oueHKH H coaeproeHCTBOBaHHR Ka'-!e=Ba Me.DHKCreaHHTapHOO nOMOWH RBJlRKlTCR cywe=aeHHblMH KOMnOHeHTaMH JlloCoH CHCTeMbl 3,DpaBOOXpaHeHHR. C ycnOJl(HeHHeM xapaKTepa H YJ(penneHHeM TeXHH'-!ecKHX B03MOJl(HOCTeH CHCTeM Me,DHKCreaHHTapHb!X cny)l(C B pa3BHTblX CTpaHaX Eapom, H .apyrnx paHOHax MHpa CTano O'-leBH,llHblM, '-!TO cyweCTBylOb(He MeTO,llbl KOHTpoJlR Ka'-!ecTBa (TaKHe, KaK Bbl.Da'-!a COOTBeT=BYIOWHX pa3peweHHA nepcoHany H y<!pe)l(,DeHHRM) He MOryT oOecne'-IHTb Ha,ane)l(awHH KOHTpom, 3a Ka'-le=BOM ~BaHHR. IT03TOMY BO3HHKna HeoCXO,DHMOCTI, B HOBblX MeTo.aax 11 MexaHH3MaX oCecne'-!eHHR Ka'-!ecTBa .DnR TOro, '-ITOCibr HaceneHHe Morno KOHTponHpoaan, .aeRTem,Hocn, Me.DHUHHCKOl"'O nepcoHana 11 y<!pe)l(,DeHHH 3,DpaBOOXpaHeHHJI. Paoo'-!aR rpyrma npHWna K 3aKrno'-!eHHIO O TOM, =o 803 .aon)l(Ha HrpaTb BeJlYl!!YIO pom, B .aeRTeJU,HOCTH, cnocoCCTByIOWeH pa3paOoTKe, YJ(penneHHIO 11 BHe.apeHl1!0 3Cl><l>eKTHBHblX MeXaHl13MOB oOecne'-leHHR Ka'-lecTBa B eaponeHCKHX rocy,aapcTBax-qneHax. XOTR xapaKTep KOHKpeTHblX Meponpl1RTHH, KOTOpt,Ie Cy.ayT npoBO.DHTbCR =paHaMH, 3aBl1CHT OT npeBanlipyIOWeH B HHX COUHaJil,HO-nOnHTH'-lecKOH oCcTaHOBKl1 11 HanH'll-!R nepcoHana, Paoo'-!aR rpynna C'-IHTaeT, =o cne.ayIOWHe ceMb OCHOBHblX npHHUl1llOB MOryT Cb!Tb HcnOJ1I,3OBaHbl B03 11 - 79 - eBponeHCKHMH rocy.oapcTBaMH-qJleHaMH B KaqecTBe peKOMeH.naUHll npH opraHH3auHH paOon.I, CBR3aHHOH C pa3paOoTKoo 9'W>eKTHBHOro H AeH=BeHHOro no.mco.oa K oOecneqeHJ,11() Kaqe=aa Me~KO-CaHHTaPHOH nOMOmH. 1. r!cnoJib3yeMbre Merom,, AO.lllltHbl cnocoOcTBOBaTb onpeAeneHHJO H pemeHHJO npoOneM opraHH3al.lHH cnylllO 3~BOOXpaHeHHR, OnpeAeJleHJ,11() B03MOl!IHOCTeH coaepmeH=BOBaHHR oOcnylllHBaHHR B uenRX oOecneqeHHR ¢>H31NecKoro, nCHXINecKoro H COI.IHaJll,HOro OnarocOCTORHHR nal.lHeHTOB. 2. Mep,i no oOecneqeHJ,11() KaqecTBa AO.lllltHbl pa3paOaTh1BaTbCR C yqeTOM TaKHX noHRTJ-IH, KaK AeH=BeHHOCTb, PHCK H 9'W>eKTHBHOCTb B uenRX COAeA=BHR pa3BHTHIO nOMOIIIH, no3BOJIRIOmeA =™rHYTb O!lTHMaJibHl,IX pe3yJibTaTOB npH MHHHMaJibHl,IX 3aTPaTax H C MHHHMaJibHl>IM PHCKOM HaHeceHHR OoJibmero ymepOa 3AOpoBl,j() 0oJibHl>IX • 3 . ClleJ:IYeT YAeJlRTb BHHMaHHe pa3paOoTKe nporpaMM, BKJUOqaJOmHX 3MOUHOHaJibHl,le H COUHaJibHbre acneKTbl KaqecTBa MeAHKO-CaHHTapHOO noMOMH, a TaKl!le HayqHO-TeXHJNeCKHe acneKThl. 4 . Mepw no oOecneqeHHJO KaqecTBa AO.lllltHbl =aTb co=aBHOH qaCTbKl AeRTeJibHOCTH KJlHHHUHCTOB H paOoTHHl<OB =auHOHapoa, a TaKl!le yqpel!IAeHHH 3~BOOXpaHeHHR; HX He ClleJ:IYeT npoBO~Tb OTAeJibHO HJlH H3OJJHP()BaHHo . COOTBeT=BeHHO, oOecneqeHHe KaqecTBa AQJll!IHO =aTb onepaTHBHOH 3a,oaqeH nHHeAHoro PYKOBOARmero nepcoHana, KaK KnHHHUH=OB, TaK H a.IlMHHH=paTOpoB Ha acex ypoBHRX MeAHKO-CaHHTapHOH !lOMOMH, BK~aR nepBIN~ MeAHKO-CaHHTap~ nOMOIIlb H =auHOHapHoe oOcnyl!IHBaHHe. AAMHHH=paUHR Ka)IIAoro yqpel!IAeHHR 3~BOOXpaHeHHR AOJll!IHa oOecneqHBaTb Heo0XO~Mble pecypar H noMep)IIKy C TeM, =QC'l,r COAeHCTBOBaTb npoBeAeHHJO Mep no oOecneqeHHJO KaqecTBa H KOOPAHHHpoBaTb HX. s. MeJ:)bl no oOecneqeHHJO KaqecTBa AO.lllltHbl 3aHHMaTb COOTBeT=B~mee MecTO B AeRTeJibH=™ Kal!IAOro o praHH3aUHOHHoro ypoBHR Me~KO-CaHHTapHOH nOMOIIIH, HaqHHaR C OTHOmeHHH MeJIIAY naUHeHTOM H apaqoM H KO~aR =aUHOHapHblMH OTAelleHHRMH , yqpel!IAeHHRMH, perHOHaMH H =paHaMH. 6 . Bee cneUHaJJHCTbl 3~BOCXpaHeHHR o0R3aHbl yqacTBOBaTb B MeponpHRTHRX no oOecneqeHHJO KaqecTBa. n=oJibKY Me~UHHCKoe oOc.r!Yl!IHBaHHe -rpeOyeT KOOPAHHaUHJ,1 ycHJrnH pR.oa cneUHanHCTOB, oueHKa H nOBbllileHHe KaqecTBa AeRTeJibHOCTH MeAHKO-CaHHTapHblX cnyl!IO TaKl!le AQJll!IHbl npoBO~TbCR Ha OCHOBe Me~CUHnnHHapHoro COTpy,lll-ll-NecTBa Me=HCKHX paOOTHHKOB pa3nJiqHl,IX cneUHaJibHOCTeH. 7. Yql,iTblBaR, ~o B 3~BOOxpaHeHHH npoHCXOART OY=pwe H3MeHeHHR, a MeTO,lll,I oOecneqeHHR Kaqe=sa MeAHKO-CaHHTapHOO nOMOMH BCE? eme HaXOARTCR B =a= anpoOaUHH H pa3BHTHR, rnoOoH no.mcoA K oOecneqeHJ,11() Kaqe=sa B rocy.oaP=sax-qneHax AOJ1J11eH oOecne=aTb B03MOl!IHOCTb npoaeAeHHR H3MeHeHHA B c BeTe pa3BHTHR MeTOAOB oOecneqeHHR Kaqe=aa . PeKOMeH,DaUHH PaOoqaR rpynna BypaOOrana CJle~MHe peKOMeH.naUHH C TeM, ~I COAeA=BOBaTb pa3B~ H peanH3aUHJ,1 nporpaMM oOecneqeHHR Kaqe=aa, OCHOBaHHYX Ha YKa3aHHYX npHHUHnax. 1. 803 AQnl!IHa pa3paOOTaTb H ocyMecTBHTb ace=opoHHHA nnaH cOopa H pacnpo=paHeHHR cpeAH rocy.oaP=B-qJleHOB HH<l>OpMaUHH O MeTOAax oOecneqeHHR KaqecTBa, AeRTeJibH=™ B 3TOH oOnaCTH H nonyqeHHbtX pe3yJibTaTax . 8 paMKax 3TOro nnaHa C1le.t:\YeT noArOTOBHTb HH¢>OpMaUHOHHble, MOTHBaUHOHHbJe H TeXHJNeCKHe nyOnHKaUHH no BonpocaM oOecneqeHHR Kaqe=sa = TaKHX rpynn qHTaTeJleH, KaK PYKOBOARMHe paOOrHHKH 3~BOCXpaHeHHR, npo¢,eccHOHaJll,Hl,le paOOrHHKH 3~BOCXpaHeHHR, COTPYllHHKH, 3aHHMaJOMHecR BOnpocaMH ¢>HHaHCHpoBaHHR 3~BOOxpaHeHHR, H npenoAaBaTenH. 2. CJleAYeT COAeH=5OBaTb TOMy, 'ITOOw npo¢,ecCHOHaJibHble opraHH3aUHH Me=HCKHX paOoTHHl<oB nllaHHpoBaJlH Hawn= nporpaMMbt, KOTOpwe HMetar ueJibKl CTHMynHpoBaHHe H yqaCTHe HX qneHOB B aKTHBHOO AeRTeJibHOCTH no peaJ1H3aUHJ,1 Mep, CBR3aHHblX C oueHKOH Kaqe=aa. 3 . Kal!IAoe rocyAaP=BO-qneH AO.lllltHO B paMKax caoero HaUHOHaJibHOro nnaHa 3~BOOXpaHeHHR onpeAellHTb opraHH3aUHH, OTaeqaKlMHe 3a npoaeAeHHe MeponpHRTHH no oOecneqeHHJO KaqecTaa , H C03.DaTb MexaHH3Mhl, nO3 BOJlRJ()MHe HaCeJleHJ,11() KOHTpoJJHP()BaTb XOA HX BMCTOJlHeHHR . 4 . CJleAYeT noompRTb rocy.oaP=Ba-qneHw K TOMY, =oOY OHH ¢>HHaHCHpoBaJIH 3a cqeT cpeACTB, BYAenReMMX Ha 3~BOOXpaHeHHe, npoBeAeHHe MeponpHRTHH, CBR3aHHYX C HayqHMMH HCCJleAOBaHHRMH, pa3BHTHeM, npocaemeHHeM H peanH3aUHeH Mep B oOnaCTH oOecneqeHHR Kaqe=aa. s. YqeOH1,1e 3aaeAeHHR rocy.oaP=B-qJleHOB AOJll!IHM pa3paOOraTb nporpaMMbt noAroTOBKH CTYAeHTOB ocex Me=HCKHX cnel.lHaJibHOCTeH B oOna=H oOecneqeHHR Kaqe=sa B UenRX pa3BHTHR y HHX HeoOXO~MblX HaBWKOB, OTHO!lleHHR H 3HaHHH, n03BO11RJOMHX oOecneqHBaTb 3¢>¢>eKTHBHl,IH KOHTpoJib Kaqe=aa. 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PaCTeT HeoOXO,DHMOCTb B npose.neHHl-1 (j>YH,OaMeHTa1lbHblX HCCne.noBaHHA npHpo.llbl Hec'laCTHblX cny'laeB. KpoMe TOf'O, ,nnR .llOCTI!JteHHR JTy'll!IHX pe3ym,TaTOB HeoOXO,DHMO .noOHBaTbCR Oblcrpel'III!ef'O HCITOJlb30BaHHR HaKonneHHb[X 3HaHHI'! .llJ1R pa3paOoTKH nonHTHKH B oOnaCTH nPcxtiHnaKTHKH Hec'laCTHblX Cny'laeB. TaKOH no.nxo.n 3 aKnB.llb!BaeT OCHOBbl COTPY.llHH'leCTBa H B3aHMOl10HHMaHHR MeJt.ny CKenTH'lecKH HacrpoeHHblM Y'<eHhlM H crpeMRII!HMCR K npeo0pa30BaHHRM nomiTH'leCKHM .neRreneM . 14 . B HaCTORII!ee BpeMR .nOCTaTO'IHO XOpQIIIO H3Y'<eHa OHOMeXattHKa 3all!HTbl OT noBpel!t.neHHA. Hec'-1a=tt1>1e cny'laH =aBJll!JOT JlHliib He9Ha'IHTe1lbHYIO 'laCTb oOII!ero 'IHCna npoH3BO.DHMbIX 'leJJOBeKOM .nel'ICTBHA: O,DHH Hec'la=ttbM Cny'lal'I, CBR3aHHbll'I C TpaBMOA, npHXO.nHTCR Ha 30 MHnnHOHOB COBepll!aeMblX Ha .nopore H.IIH OTMe\laeMblX \leJJOBeKOM .neAcrBHA. 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Hec'laCTHble cny'laH B ObITy cpe,DH npecTapenblx RBJlffiOTCR BaJtHeAII!eA npH'IHHOA TpaBMaTH3Ma H .nmrrem,ttoo HHBanH.llHOCTH. npoBe.neHHb1e Hccne.noBaHHR noKa3aJJH, "lTO cny'<BH na.neHHR npecrapemDC RBnRlOTCR BaJtHeAII!eA npH'n-!HoA TpaBMaTH3Ma. npH npoBe.neHHH ,aJll,HeAII!HX MeponpHRTHI'! cne.nyeT Y\IHTbIBaTb TO OKPYJteHHe , B KOTOPQM lltHBYT npecrapeJlble, B03MOJtHOCTH a.nanTBUID1 K MeHRIOII!HMCR ycnOBHRM H HX B09paCTBIOII!YJO YR3BHMOCTb. OcoOo BBJtHO HCIT01lb30BaTb MHOf'Ollpo(j>ecCHOHaJlbttblA no.nxo.n K QCYII!eCTBJIReMOO .neRTeJlbHOC."I'H C npHBne'leHHeM K Y'<aCTHIO B HeA paOoTHHKoB Me.nHKO--CaHHTapHhlX cnyi,;O. 16. CecTPHHCKHA nepcoHan HrpBeT KJDO\{eBylO poJlb B f!J'.)O(!>HnaTHKe Hec'laCTHblX cnyqaeB . Bo MHOl"'HX crpattax MeJJHUHHCKJ.!e CecTµ,I BXO.IIRT B COCTaB OpHra.n nepBH'0-100 Me.llHKO-CaHHTapttoA nOMOII!H H Hepe.nKO HMeHHO OHH npHcyTCTBYJOT npH nepBOM KOHTaKTe C ceMI:,RMJ,1. He,DHUHHCKHe cecTPbl .001ll(Hbl npHHHMaTb Y'<aCTHe BO ecex MeponpHRTHRX B oOnaCTH nPcxtiHnaKTHKH HeC'laCTHblX cny'laeB Ha Bcex ypoBHRX. - 86 - 17. OcoOyio ooaOo'!eHHOCTb Bbl3blBaIOT HenpeKpamaJOll!HE!CJI C/lY'lfill OCTpt,IX orpaeneHW'!, oco0eHHO cpeID! .rteTe>!. OJJHHM H3 3cl¢eKTiiBHblX cpe.ncre ITpcxj)HJiaKTHKH RB.llReTCR HCITOJ!b30BaHHe TaKOO ynaKOBKH JieKapcTBeHHhlX npenapaTOB , KOTOPYIO pe(5eHKY TPY.DHO OTKpblTb. Tipe.ncrae.llReTCR Heo0XOJll,!MblM paC!!!HpHTb npoH3B0.0CTBO H HCITOJ!b30BaHHe TaKo ro po.na cpe.ncre .DJIR HeKOTOpt,IX onacHblX BH,DOB OblTOBOli npo.nyKUl-fH . 9TO HaITpaBJieHHe paOO'Tbl HeoOXOJll,!MO BKJJIO-qHT!, e nporpaMMbl npcxj)HJiaKTH-qecKOO .neRTe.rtbHOCTH, ocymecTB.llReMoA e rocy.napc-reax-•meHaX. 18 . YqacTiie HaCeJieHHR RBJIReTCR eanieAmHM YCJIOBHeM pa3pa0orKH H peaJIH3aUI-IH nporpaMM npcxj)HJiaKTHJ<H HecqaCTHblX cnyqaee . Cne.nyeT yqHTb!BaTh KaK MHeHHe norpe0HTeJie>!, TaK H TO'{]()' 3peHHR COO'rBeTCTBYIOll!HX oOmecTBeHHb1X opraHH3aUHH. 1. MHoroceKTOpallbHaR KOOPID!HaUI-IR HeoOXOJll,!MO C03.0aHHe uei-rrpaJ!bHOro MexaHH3Ma 00 KOOP,llJ,IHaUI-IH .OeRTe.rtbHOCTii B oOnaCTH npcxj)HJiaKTHKH Hec'laCTHblX cnyqaee B KaJ!tJIOM rocy.napc-ree-qneHe. 9TO MOxteT OblTb npaBHTe.rtbCTBeHHoe HJIH Heod>HUHaJ!bHoe yqpex,;.neHHe , HO a-10 .IJ()Jlll(HO nonyqan, ITOJIHY!O no.n.nepl!O<)' co CTOpoHbl npaBHTeJ!bCTea H pacnOJiaran, nOJIHOMO'IHRMH B oOJiaCTii npoee.neHHR COOTBeTCTBYIO!IIHX MeponpHRTI-dl. nJIR no.n.nepxtKH TaKoro po.na .OeRTe.rtbHOCTii Heo0XO.DHMO C03,0aHHe MHO,OJll,!CUHilJIHHaPHblX rpynn no MecTY X(J-!TeJ!bCTBa . MexaHH3M KOOP.DHHaUHH .nonxteH OXBaTblean, Bee BH.llbl nporpaMM npcxj)HJiaKTHKH Hec'!aCTiiblX cnyqaee Cpe.Jll,! npe.ncTaBHTeJieA ecex B03paCTHblX rpynn, a TaKxte BeCb KOMITJieKC <!)al<Topoe, CBR3aHHblX KaK C no ee.neHHeM qeJioBeKa, TaK H COCTORID!eM OKPYxta!OmeA cpe.llbl. TaKHe nporpaMMb! He ,OOJDl(Hbl pa3paOaTblBaThCR H30JIHPQBaHHO. 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KoMitneKCHble HH<l>OpMaUHOHHble CHCTeMbl HeoOXO.DHMO OKa3aTh no.n.nepll(J(y .l:teRTe.ltbHOCTii 003 ITO C03.0aHHIO MHHHMaJ!bHOro OaHKa .naHHblX. 9TO Heo0XO,DHMO .DJIR onpe.neneHHR MacmTaOoe npoOJieMbl , a TaKxte YR3BHMblX rpynn HaceJJeHHR B rocy.napc-reax-qneHax. rocy .napc-rBaM- 'IJleHaM cne.nyeT llPHHRTh yqaCTI1e e STOA paOore e paMKax npoee.neHHR 3KCnepHMeHTaJll,HblX HCTTblTaHl-!H ITPH Ha'!aJie HCITOJ!b30BaHHR B 1984 ro.ny MHHHMaJ!bHOrO OaHKa ,naHHblX. 3. 9ITH.DeMHOJ!OrHR Cne.nyeT ITpo,OOJlJl(HTI, paOoTY B oOnaCTH 3llH,lleMH0110rHH Hec'!aCTHblX cnyqaee HapR.ny C npoee.neHHeM 3ITH.OeMHOJIOrH'lecKHX HCCJie.noeaHHA B po.n=eeHHb!X H ITPHBOJll,!MblX HHxte oOJ!aCTRX (XOTR B03MOX(Hbl H .npyrHe oOnaCTH 3ITH,OeMHOJIO["H"qecKHX HCCJie.noeaHHA) • 3noyno:rpeOneHHe aJIKoroneM oe3yCJIOBHO RB.llRe=R O.DHO!i H3 OCHOBHblX npoOJ!eM, B CBR3H c 'leM Heo0XO.DHMO noompRn, npoee.neHHe .OallbHe>!mHX H=ne.noeaHHii npoOneMbl aJIKOro.llR H oKa3h!Ba'I'b no.n.nepxtKY rocy.napcTeaM-'IJleHaM B peanH3aUHH HMH JIIOOblX Heo0XO.DHMhlX Or"paHH'IHTeJihHblX Mep, KOTOpble MO.YT paCC'IHTblBaTh Ha no.n.nepll(J(y HaCeJieHHR. 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Cne.nyeT no.neeprnyn, pa=MOTpeHJ,!10 npoOneMbl BO,DHTeJieA, ocymecTBJ1RIOlllHX Mext.nyHapo,DHble nepeB03KH. B COO'rBeTCTBHH CO CTaTii=ecKHMH .naHHblMH 0 ,nopoxtHO-TpaHCITOPTHblX ITpoHCMe=BHRX HeC'laCTHhle cnyqaH C 3THMH BO,IIJ.1TeJIRMH ITpoHCXO.DRT cpaBHHTellbHO '!aCTO. B3pocJiaR MOJIO,Oel!Cb . Bo MHOrHX rocy,napcTBaX-'IJleHax Bbl3hlBaeT cepi,e3Hyio 03a0o'leHHOCTb BblCOIOIA ypoBeHb 3aOoneeaeMOCTI1 H CMepTHOCTii cpe,DH B3pocllblX MOJIO.llblX JJIO.Oe>!, HCITOJ!b3YJOm'HX MOTOUI-IKJ!bl H MOITe,Dbl. HeoOXO.DHMO llPHHRTh cpo'IHb1e Mept,1 K COKpameHHJO MaC!I!TaOoe 3TO!i npoOJ!eMbl • - 87 - 4 . Ha;nn-n,re Hccne.nosaHW! O!J!Yll!aeTCR Heo0XO.llHMOCTb B Oonee llJHPOKOM pacnpocrpaHeHHH pe3ym,TaTOB Ha}"IHblX HCCne.noeaHHll, KaK n poBO,llHM!,l)( B HacroRmee BpeMR, TaK H 3aeepmeHHhlX. 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HCXO,llHbJe MaTepHaJD,J MaTep1-1am,1, nono~eHHb1e B OCHOBY .llHCKYCCHH Ha CHMn03Hy'Me H HCITOJtb3OBaHHhle npH no.nrOTOBKe peKOMeH,llaUHH, .llO.IDI\Hbl Ob!Tb coOpaHbl Boe,llHHO H npe.no=aeneHbl B cnpaBO'IHbIX uenRX B pacnopR~effile npaBHTeJtbCTB rocy.naP=B-'!neHOB. - 89 - OBPA3 JKH3Hli PaOot1ee coBeII1aHI-ie no npoOneMe KypeHHFI H 3,[(0poBbfl Cy:3.oa.ra, , CCCP , 13-17 ceHTFIOpfl 1983 ro.oa HCXO,[(Haf! HH(j)opMaJ.ll-lfl - 91 - ICP/HED 022(6)(5) 0829A 28 cf)eBPanf! 1984 ro.oa OPHI'IIBAJI: AHI'JlllicKHl1 EBponeHCKOO pernoHam.Hoe O~po 003 B Te'leHHe HeKOToporo BpeMeHH OKa3WBaJIO no.o.oepllll<y TTPOBe.ne= B rocy.oapcTBax-qneHax KOMnneKCHhlX MeponpHFITHH no OopbOe C KypeHHeM. He.oaBHO oona npH3HaHa HeoOXO,[(HMOCTb pa3paOoTKH KOOP,[(HHJ.iPOBaHHOH eBponeHCKOH n0Jll1TIIKH B oOnacTH OoPbOO C KypeHHeM. B 3THX uenf!X HeoOXO,IlHMO, npe~e Bcero, HaKOffi!Tb ,[(aHHble O qacTOTe KypeHHFI cpe,IlH HaceneHHR CTPaH H O COCTOFIHHH .oen B o0naCTH OopbObI c KypeHHeM EBponeHCKOM perHOHe. TaKafl HH(j)opMaUHR y-w.e coOpaHa B OTHCtlleHHH HeKOTOp!,IX 3ana.[(HoeBponeHCKHX CTpaH, 0,[(HaKO 803 pacnonaraeT ,[(0 CHX nop He3HaqHTenbHblM oOl>eMOM KOHKpeTHhlX ,[(~XO nono-w.eHHH .oen B COUHaJJH=i-NecKHX CTPattax. B CBR3H C 3THM EBponeACKoe pernOHaTlbHOO O~po 803 npH co.oeACTBHH npaBHTenbCTBa Coma CoBeTCKHX CoUHanHCTHqeCKHX PecnyOnHK TTPHHFlnO peneHHe O npoBe,[(eHHH PaOot1ero COBeIIlaHHR no npoOneMe KypeHHR H 3.0opoBbfl . CoopraHH3aTOpoM 3Toro coBeII1aHI-iR Oun UeHTpanbHhlH Hay,nm-Hccne.ooBaTenbCKHH HHCTHTYT caHHTapHoro npocBeweHHFI MHHHCTepcTBa 3,[(paBOOxpaHeHHFI CCCP . npe.oOCTaBHTh B pacnopR-W.eHHe 803 Oonbm~ HH(j)opMaUHJO o <1acTOTe KypeHHF! cpe,IlH HaceneHHR COUHamiCTH\.lecKHX c:rpa.H; npe,[(OCTaBHTb B pacnopR-w.eHHe 003 HH(j)oPMaW-00 o COCTORHHH paOoTbl no OoPbOe c KypeHHeM B COUHanHCTH'lecKHX CTpattax; npe.oocTaBHTb B03MO-w.HOCTb npe.oCTaBHTeJlf!M COUHaJ!HCTHqeCKHX CTPaH oOMeHf!TbCR MHeHHF!MH H pa3paOoTaTb CTpaTe~ ,[(aTlbHeHWeH ,[(ef!TenbHOCTH! npe,[(OCTaBHTb B03MO'W.HOCTb 3KcnepTaM H3 HeKOTOp!,IX 3ana,[(HoeBponeHCKHX CTPaH npHHF!Tb yqaCTHe B IIIHpoKOM oOMeHe MHeHHF!MH H OrnTOM O nono-w.eHHH .oen B pa3nJ.iqHh[X CTPaHax H cyOpernoHaX EBporn; 03HaKOMHTb 003 C =~ yqpe-w..oeHHH B COUHanH=i.NeCKHX CTPaHax, COTPY.[(HHqecTBO C KOTOPWMH oono C'.1.1 nonesHo npH opraHH3aUHH .[(anbHeHMeH paOGTw B paMKax nporpaMMW no npoOneMe KypeHHF! H 3.00POBbfl, a TaK~e npoBO,IlHMOro B HaCTORII1ee BpeMFI HCCne,[(OBaHHFI. PaOot1ee coBeII1aHI-ie B paOoTe COBeII1aHHF1 npHHF!nH yqaCTHe npe.ocTaBHTenH OonblIIHHCTBa COUHanHCTJ.iqeCKJ.iX CTPaH EBporn H HeKOTOj)blX 3ana,[(HoeBponeHCKHX rocy.oapcrB. Ha 3ace.oaHHF1X TaK~e npHcyTCTBOBanO HeCKOnbKO HaOn~.oaTeneA OT CCCP . B Hat1ane paOGTw COBeIIlaHHFI C'.l.inH paCCMOTPeHhl TPH oOIIIHe BOnpoca: oOIIIHe npHH~ ,[(ef!TenbHOCTH no 0opb0e C KypeHHeM ornT npoBe,[(eHHFI MeponpHRTHH no OoPbOe C KypeHHeM B CCCP OCHOBHaf! t1aCTb pa6oTb1 cosemaHHR COCTORJla B npe.oCTasneHHH yqaCTHHKaMH .[(OKna.oos, B KOTOpWX H3JJaraJJHCb pa3~e acneKTbl npoOneMW, a TaK~e BO[JJ)OaI ocyIIlecTBnfleMOH B CTPaHe nOnHTHKH, HanpasneHHOH Ha OoPbOy C KypeHHeM. HecMOTPfl Ha 3Ha'IHTenbHhle pa3nHqJ.1fl B nOnHTJ.iqeCKJ.iX H 3KOHOMJ,iqeCKJ.iX CHCTeMaX npe.oCTaBneHHhlX CTPaH, Ha COBeIIlaHHH oono ,[(OCTHrttyTO cornacHe no IIIJ.ipoKOMy - 92 - Kpyry BOnpoCOB, oCicyl!UlaBlllHXCR npH paccMarpe!-llm npe,nCTaBneHHbIX ,llOKna,noB. Born,nme pa3nwrn11 HaITPHMep, arMeqeHbJ MellUlY HeKarOpbIMH CTpaHaMH 3ana,na, qeM Mel!UlY 3ana,nHoeBponeHCKHMH H COUHa.nHcTHqec1rnMH rocy,napcTBaMH. B uenoM, B CTpaHax Per1-1OHa l'.I.Ino arMeqeHo HaJJHql-fe MHor1-1x acneKTOB, xapaKTePH3YIOIIIHX ,neRTeJlbHOCTb no OoPbOe C KypeHHeM. PeKOMeH,llaUHH o0mHX 1. Bcne,ncTBHe roro naryOHoro 003,neACTBHR, Karopoe KypeHHe oKa3blBaeT Ha 3,nopoBbe, nporpaMMbl Oopi,CS!,J C KypeHHeM ,llOJDIUlbl CTaTb O,llHHM H3 rnaBHblX KOMilOHeHTOB perHOHaJlbHOH CTpaTerHH no ,llOCTI!llteHHIO 3,nopom,11 ,nn11 Bcex K 2000 ro,ny. 2. 9<!l<l>eKTHBHbIMH MOryT l'.l.!Tb TOJlbKO re nporpaMMbl OopbCSl,J c KypeHHeM, KOTOPJ,Ie OCHOBblBalOTCR Ha npQBe,lleHHH KOMilneKCHblX MeponpHRTHH B TaKHX oOnaCTRX, KaK oOpa3OBaHHe, 3aKOHO,llaTeJlbCTBO, ttanorooOnrn!eHHe H Me,llHUHHa . nepoooqepe,nHoe 3HaqeHHe HMeIOT MeponpHRTHR , npoBO,llHMble a oOl!aCTH o0pa3OBaHHR, nocKOJlbKY ,neHCTBHR B oOnaCTH 3aKOHO,llaTeJlbCTBa HnH HanorooOnollteHH/1 He MOryT npHHeCTH lltenaeMblX pe3YJlbTaTOB Oe3 ,llOCTaTOqttO BLICOKoro ypQBHR nOHHMaHHR OOIJecTBeHHOCTbIO BalltHOCTH npoOneMbl KypeHH/1. 3. O,llHOH H3 npe,lll10CblnOK ycnemHOH paOoTbl RBJ!l!eTCR oOecneqeHHe s¢(1)eKTHBHOCTH npouecca nnaHHPQBaHHR, B Karq)OM ,llOJDIUlbl CSl,JTb 3a,neHCTBOBaHbl KaK npaBHTeJlbCTBeHHble, TaK H HenpaBHTeJlbCTBeHHbie yqpellt,neHHR. Bblno np1-13HaHo, = pean1-13aUHR 3annaHJ,0'10BaHHbIX nporpaMM HMeeT nyqm1-1e 111aHCbl Ha ycnex a CTpaHax c rocy,napcTBeHHOH nnaHOBOH CHCTeMOH 3,lli->oBOOxpaHeHHR. 4. 3HaqHTeJlbHoe BHHMaHHe Ha coae111aHHH et.1no y,neneHO oCicyl!UleHHIO oonpocoB, KacaIOmHXCR ITPHOPHTeTHblX rpynn . no MHeHHIO HeKarOpt,IX ,neneraTOB, KnJOqeooH rpynnoA RBnRIOTCR ,lleTH, Tor,na KaK ,npyr1-1e yqaCTHHKH coaemaHHR arMeTHnH HeB03MOlltHOCTb H3OnHpoBaHHOro no,nxo ,na K pemeHHIO npoOneMhI KYPeHHR cpe,llH ,neTeH. 5. TeM He MeHee, yqacTHHKH coae111aHHR cornacHnHCb c TeM, qTO TaKHe rpynnbl, KaK paOoTHHKH 3,npaaooxpaHeHHR, npeno,naBaTenH H BOlltaKH Mono,nelltH HrpaIOT BalltHYIO porn, B s¢(1)eKTHBHOH peanH3aUHH nporpaMMbI. B TO lite BpeMR HeoOXO,llHMO y,nenHTo BHHMaHHe ponH nHU, npHHHMalOIIIHX pemeHHR B oOnaCTH oCipa3OBaHHR, oco6eHHO ponH npe,llCTaBHTeneH npaBHTeJlbCTBeHHbIX H .llPYrHX PYKOBO,llRMHX opraHOB. 6. nporpaMMbl, opHeHTHpoBaHHble Ha ,lleTeH, ,llOJDIUlbl npe,nycMaTPHBaTb pa3Hoo0pa3Hble no,nxo,ll!,I, HanpHMep, npe,nOCTaaneHHe BI-IX pacnopRllteHHe HeoOXO,llHMOH Me,llHKO-CaHHTapHOH HH(j)opMaUHH HnH co,neHCTBHe OI'Ka3Y or KypeHHR, HecMQTPR Ha ,naaneHHe OKPYlltaIOmHX. KpoMe Toro, nporpaMMbl, opHeHTHpoBaHHbie Ha ,neTeH, ,llOJDIUlbl npe,nyCMaTPHBaTb paOoTy B ceMbe. B HHX ,llOnlltHa yqHTbIBaTbC/1 poJlb n03HTHBHoro npHMepa po,llHTeneH. 7. CePbe3HYIO ooaOoqeHHOCTb a pR,lle rocy,napcTa-qneHoB Bbl3blBaeT ceJ71qac KypeHHe cpe,llH lltettmHH. no KpaHHeH Mepe , B HeKOTOpbIX qacTRX PerHOHa cne,nyeT oOpaTHTb OoJlbmee BHHMaHHe Ha 9Tar acneKT npoOneMbl . 8. H HaKOHeu, = KacaeTCR oOmeo0pa3OBaTeJlbHbIX nporpaMM, yqaCTHHKH COBelllaHH/1 ITPHIIInH K cornaCHIO arHOCHTeJlbHO roro, qTO HE!oOXO,llliMa Hay=an opraHH3auHR CaHHTaPHO-npocBeTHTeJlbHblX MeponpHRTHH B 9TOH oOnaCTH. BaJ!tHYIO poJlb HrpaeT TaKllte onpe,neneHHe s¢(1)eKTHBHOCTH npoBO,llHMblX caHHTaPHO-npocaeTHTeJlbHblX MeponpHRTHH cpe,llH onpe,neneHHblX rpynn HaceneHHR. YqaCTHHKH COBelI(aHHR peKOMeH,llOBa.nH pa3pa0oTKY MellUlYHapo,llHl,IX CTatt,napTOB, a TaKllte KpHTep1-1eB s¢(1)eKTHBHOCTH (B ,nononHeHHe K CTaH,napTHblM noKa3aTenRM qaCTOTbl KypeHH/1 H nQTPeOneHHR Ta0aqHblx H3,llenHH) . 9. noMHMO caHHTapHO-npocBeTHTeJlbHblX Meponpl-!RTHH uenecooOpasHblM RBnReTCR TaKllte npHHRTHe pernaMeHTHpyKIIIHX Mep. YqaCTHHKH coaemaHH/1 arMeTHnH , qTQ 3aMeHa TaOa=x KYnhTYP .llPYrHMH, BHe,npeHHe aJlbTepHaTHBHblX (j)opM HCITOJlb3OBaHHR TaOaKa TaKllte RBnRIOTCR HCKnJOql-fTeJlbHO none3Hb1MH MepaMH. 10. noBl>lllleHHe ueH Ha TaOa=e H3,llenHR 0Ka3anocb s¢(1)eKTHBHblM cpe,ncTBOM CHHllteHHR ITOTPe0neHHR TaOaKa B HeKOTOPl>IX CTpaHax. 9TH Mepbl MOryT HMeTb OoJlbmoe 3 HaqeHHe, ecnH Oy,nyT QCymeCTBnRTbCR napanneJlbHO C perynnpHO npoBO,llHMblMH H aKTHBHblMH nporpaMMaMH caHHTapHoro npocBemeHH/1. 11. YqaCTHHKH coaemaHHR arMeTHnH TaKllte Heo0XO,llHMOCTb OKa3aHHR noMomH TeM, KTO lltenaeT OpocHTb KYPHTb - OHH cornaCHnHCb C TeM, qTO, HMeR B BH,llY 3Haql-fTeJlbHble H3,lleplltKH, CBR3aHHble C MaCCOBbIM HcnO/Il,3OBaHHeM cneUHanH3HpoBaHHbIX KnHHHK , HeKOTOpble 1-13 HHX MOlltHO CS!,Jno Obi c,nenaTb HayqHO-Hccne,noBaTeJlbCKHMH ueHTpaMH no pa3paOoTKe repaneBTJ,JqeCKHX MeTo,noB ,nn11 HX nocne,nyK111ero lllHpoKOMacmTaOHoro HcnOJlb3OBaHHR, B qaCTHOCTH, Bpaqe0HbJM nepcoHanOM cnylltO nepBWOlOH Me,llHKO-CaHHTaPHOH noMomH H npo¢eccHOHaJlbHOH rHrHeHbl . B CBR3H C HCKnJOql-fTeJlbHOH BalltHOCTbIO paCCMaTPHBaeMOH npoOneMbl yqaCTHHKH coBelllaHHR oOpaTHnHCb C npH3blBOM K B0'3 peKOMeH,llOBaTb rocy,napCTBaM-qneHaM pa3paOoTKy HaUHOHaJlbHblX nporpaMM no OoPbOe C KypeHHeM, a TaKllte HayqHO o0ocHOBaHHblX <l>OPM CaHHTaPHO-npocBeTHTeJlbHOH ,lleRTeJlbHOCTH, HanpaBneHHOH Ha OoPl,Oy C KypeHHeM. l I - 93 - Heo0XO,!111MO npoaeneHHe Tll!aTeJ!bHOA npoaepKH Ha pernOHaJ!bHOM HJIH cyOpernOHaJ!bHOM ypoBHHX MeTOnHKH Oopb~ C KypeHHeM. YqaCI'HHKH COBewaHHR no~epKHy.JlH Heo0XO,!111MOCTb BHenpeHHR CTaHnaPTH3HJX)BaHHOA TepMHHonorHH H npouenyp o~eTHOCTH o pe3yJ!bTaTax npoaeneHHR HccnenoaaHHA, nocBRll!eHHblx npoOneMe KypeHHR = COBepweHCTBOBaHHR paOonl no cOopy .naHHhlX, CnenyT pacmHPHTb oOMeH cneUHanHCTaMH, paOoTaJClJIHMH B pa3JIH'IHl,IX COTPY.llH~aJOIJIHX UeHT!)ax B03. Heo0XO,!111MO Ha perynRPHOA OCHOBe npoBO,llHTb paOo=e COBe!llaHHR no npoOneMe KypeHHR H 3.llOPDBbR, coneACTBYIOll!He npoaeneHHIO COOTBeTCTBYIOlllHX MeponpHRT!iA B Kallt,llOM H3 rocynapcra-=eHOB, B qaCTHOCTH, B CBR3H C TeM, ~o cyMeCTBYIOT 3Ha-TeJ!bHble pa3JJI.NHR B MaOIITaoax DCYllleCTBJIReMOA B CTl)aHaX ,lleRTeJ!bHOCTH no OopbOe C KypeHHeM , B 3aKJl]OqeHHe, yqaCTHHKH COBell!aHHR OTMeTHJlH, qTQ nnR nOCTHieHHR peaJ!bHblX CnBHrOB B nene ycTpaHeHHR TOA cePbe3HOA yrposbl nnR 3nopoBbR qenoBeKa, KOTOPYIO HeceT C coOoA KypeHHe , Heo0XO,!111MO BO BCex crpaHaX PerHOHa noOHBaTbCR npaK~ecKOA pea.JlH3aUHH pa3paOoTaHHblX PeKOMeHnaUHA. CoBell!aHHe nanD OllTHMHCT~ecKYIO oueHKy nepcneKTHBaM .oam,HeAl!leA paOoTbl, Y'filTb!BaR cywecTBeHHoe CHHieHHe HHTeHCHBHOCTH KypeHHR H nQTPeOneHHR Taoa=x H3nenHA, OTMeqaeMble B HeKOTopt,IX qaCTRX PernoHa. PaOoqee coBemaHHe no npoOneMaM o0pa3a JKH3Hl1, Bpe,llHl,IX npHBb!'leK nOBe,lleHHR H OxpaHhl 3.llOP0BbR MOJJO,llem WnHUeH3eR, 26- 28 OKTROpR 1983 ro.oa - 94 - ICP/HED 021(3)(5) 0838A 17 HHBapH 1984 ~OAa OPHrnHAJI: HEMEUKHfl )laHHoe PaOoqee COBemaHHe Owto TPeTbHM H3 cepHH COBemaHHH, nocBRmeHHblX aHanH3Y OCHOBHhlX nOJJO)l(eHHH KOHUenI.IIM o0pa3a JKH3Hl1 H ee npaKTH'lecKOro npHMeHeHl1R B o6.naCTII YKpenneH11R 3.llOP0BbR MOJJO,lle)l(H. rnaBHaR uem, COBemaHHJI COCTORJJa B H3 " 'leHID! H3MeHeHHH, npQHCXO,llRmHX B oOpa3e JKH3Hl1 MOJlO,llblX JilO.lleii B CBR3H c MeHRKIIIHMHCR HCTopHtlecKHMH H COUHaJU,HhlMH yCJJOBHRMH, a TaK)l(e B npoBe,lleHHH aHanH3a nocne,llCTBHH 3TIIX H3MeHeHHH .llJlR peaJJH3auHH nporpaMMbl YKpenneHHR 3,llopoBbR, pa3paOoTaHHOH .llJlR ,llaHHOO rpymlbl HaceneHHR. )lJJR yqaCT11R B paOoTe COBemaHHR ~IJJH np11rna1IIeHh1 cneUHanHCTbl B 3TIIX oOnaCTRX, a TaK)l(e OCl>HUHaJU,Hble npe,llCTaBHTeJJH 18 rocy,llaPCTB - 'lJleHOB PernoHa, HOo uem,10 COBemaHHR Ob!JJH - .llHaJJOr H oOMeH MHeHHRMH O pe3ym,TaTax paOo'Thl 11 11CCJJe,llOBaHHH B o0naCTl1 caHHTapHoro npocBemeHHR H YKpenneHHR 3,llOpoBbR MOJJO,lle)l(H. 1. 1iCTop11R Bonpoca 8 Te'leHHe PR.Ila reT <!)opMHpoBaJJCR HOBblH nO.llXO.ll K COUHOJlOrHH 11 HayqHh!M 11ccne,noBaH11RM no npoOneMaM BOCTTHTaHHR, a TaK)l(e CaHHTapHoro npocBemeH11R H YKPenJ1eH11R 3,llopoBbR MOJJO,lle)l(l1 . Ero HeJU,3R Ob!JlO Ha3BaTb 'lHCTO HaY'lHh!M no CBOeH np11po,lle, nOCKOJU,KY H B TOH 11 B ,llpyroii oOJJaCTRX 3HaHHH pa3paOoTaHHhle B 60-70 rr. KOHUenUHH 11 nepcneKTI!Bb! YT!)aTIIJJH CBOIO aKTYaJlbHOCTb C TO'lKl1 3peHHR COUHaJlbHblX peaJlbHOCTeii cero,!IHRlJIHero ,llHR . 9TO o0cTORTeJU,CTBO npe,nonpe,lleJJHJJO HeoOXO.llHMOCTb nepecMOTpa 11CT0PH'lecKOro 11 COUHaJU,HOro CO,llepll@ffiffl, a TaK)l(e npoOneMbl H nyTeii ee paCCMQTPeHl1R. 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Cne.oyer HaqaTb HccnenoeaHHR HaHOonee 3KOHOMHqHhJX nyTeA pebleHHR 3TOA 3a~=- - 108 - 6. B npHOpe~Hb!X paHOHaX cpe,DH3eMHOMOpcKHX crpaH pacnono~eHO Oom,moe <n-1cno HCTOpHqecKHX H KYJ!hTYPHb!X naW'!THHKOB H ~HBOnHCHb!X MecT. B 9TOO CBR3H HeoOXOnHMO pa3paOO'raTb MeTO.ID,! H nporpaMMbl pecTaBpaUHH H oxpaHbl 9THX paHOHOB, ocoOeHHO B TeX c.nyqaRX, Kor.na HM yrpo~eT yp0aHH3aUWI. 7 • HeKOTOpt,le 9nH.DeMHononNecKHe H=ne.noaaHHR noKa3aJlH Ha.Jll,N}!e B3aHMOCBR3H Me~ ~HJlHIIIHblMH ycnOBHRMH H COCTORHHeM 3.DOpoBbR qenoaeKa. 8 9TOA CBR3H npe.nCTaBMeTCR uenecoo0pa3Hb!M HaqaTb HCCne.noaaHHe C ueJlblO onpe.neneHHR npHtrnHHbiX B3aHMOCBR3eH, pe3ym,TaTb! KOTOPblX 3aTeM MOrnH Ol,t Ol,tTb HCnOJ!h30BaHbl B paMKaX neqeOHblX nporpaMM . 8. B TeX CpenH3eMHOMOpcKHX CTpaHax, r.ne 3aKOHO,oaTeJ!hCTBO B oOnaCTH CTPOHTel!hCTBa He OTBeqaeT Tpe6oBaHHRM E9K, cnenyeT no.naeprHYTb ero nepepaOO'rKe c uem,ro .DOCTH~eHHR Oom,mero COOTBeTCTBHR 3aKOHO.DaTeJ!hHblX nono~eHHH npaK~ecKHM yCTaHOBKaM, neHCTB,>1!0!111-!M B npyrHX crpaHaX. 9 . HayqHCrHccne.noaaTeJ!hCKHM yqpe~eHHRMH B cpenH3eMHOMOpcKHX CTpaHax, 3aHHMa=MCR H3yqeHHeM aonpocoa CTpoHTeJ!hCTBa , cne.noaano Obi HaqaTb peanH3auHJO H=nenoaaTeJ!hCKHX nporpaMM, HMe~Hx ue.m,ro aKTHBH3aUJ-IIO HCnOJ!h30BaHHR npH CTpoHTeJ!hHblX paOO'rax MecTHblX CTpoHTenbHb!X MaTepHanoB H TpaJJHUHOHHblX MeTO.DOB CTPOHTeJ!hCTBa. 10. CpenH3eMHOMOl)be - 9TO paHOH nOBb!ll!eHHOH cei'lcMHqeCKoH aKTHBHOCTH , H MHOrHe CTpoeHHR 3.Decb HaXO.DRTCR B Henocpe.ncraeHHOO 0nH30CTH OT pa3nOMOB 3eMHoA KOpt,I. B 9TOO CBR3H HeoOXOnHMO C03.DaHHe KypcOB nnR cneUHanHCTOB 3npaBOOXpaHeHHR , apxHTeKTOpoB, a TaK~e npyrHX nHU, 3aHRTb!X B CTpo. •em,crae , nnR 03HaKOMneHHR HX C TeMH onacHOCTRMH, KOTOJJ!,le CBR3a.Hbl C ceACMHqeCKOH aKTHBHOCTb!O, a TaK~e MR oOyqeHHR HX MeTOnHKe .DOCTH~eHHR Oom,meA ceHCMOYCTOH'IHBOCTH mnwx CTPQeHHH. OcoOoe BHHMaHHe B yqeOHblX nporpaMMaX TaKHX KYPCOB cnenyeT Y.DenHTb aonpocaM oOecneqeHHR Oe3onacHOCTH nnR =eneA crapblX noMOB . 11. 0.IIHOA H3 npHqHH MHrpauHH HaceneHHR H3 Ce.IlbCKHX paHOHOB B ropo.oa RBnReTCR HH3KHH ypoBeHb ~HJlHIIIHblX ycnOBHH B ceJ!hCKHX paHOHax H OTcyTCTBHe Heo0XOnHMblX Y.noOC'rB . B 9TOA CBR3H yqpe~.oeHHRM no 3.[!paBOOxpaHeHH!O, apXHTeKTYpe H ropo.ocKOMY nJJaHHPO~ cnenyeT B COTpy.IIHHqecTBe C .opyrnMH cneUHaJl],!CTaMH H3Y<n-!Th pa3~Hble npaK~ecJ<H ocylJ!ecTBHMble H 9KOHOMHqeCKH 9<1><1>eKTHBHble nyTH coaepiueHCTBOBaHHR llCHJlHIJ1Hb!X yCJJOBHH H ynyqMeHHR KaqecTaa m3HH B CenbCKHX paHOHax. 12. TTOMHMO pa3paOoTKH .llPYrHX CTaH.oaproB cnenyeT paCCMOTpeTb aonpoc oO YTBep~eHHH MHHHMaJ!hHOA HOPMhl mnoA nnoma.oH Ha qenoBeKa B cpenH3eMHOMOpCKHX CTpaHaX B pa3Mepe 12 M2. nocne ee YTBep~.oeHHR cnenyeT nepHO~eCKH npoBOnHTb nepecMOTP 9TOH HOPMbl C uem,ro onpeneneHHR ee a.oeKBaTHOCTH. 13. HeoOXOnHMO npo.nonmTb npoBOnHMoe a HaCTORIJlee apeMR occne.noaaHHe, nOCBRIJleHHoe B03.0eHCTBHIO 111YMa H .llPYrHX ¢H3HqecKHX ¢aKTOpoB Ha 3.00poBbe H OnarononyqHe mm,uoa, HeoOXOnHMO TaK~e npo.oon~H'Th CTOHCKH nyTeH npe.ooTBpameHHR H/HnH KOHTpoM 9THX ¢aKTOpoB. Pe3ym,TaTbl npoBOnHMblX H=ne.noaaHHA cnenyeT .DOBOnHTb .no ciie.oeHHR apXHTeKTOpoB, CTpoHTeneH H .llPYrHX nHU, npHHHMa!O!I!l-1X yqaCTHe B nnaHHPQBaHHH, npoeKTHPOBKe, crpoHTeJ!hCTBe, peMOHTe, nepecTpoHKe H/HnH BOCCTaHOB11eHHH mnwx 3,oaHHA. 14. CnenyeT npo.oo-H'Th, paCDtHPHTb H yrnyOHTb npoBOnHMble a HaCTORIJlee BpeMR Hccne.noaaHHR, CTOCBRIJleHHble B03.DeHCTBHIO KnHMaTa H 3arpR3HHTeneA B03.[lyXa BHYTPH noMemeHHA Ha 3.00poBbe qenoBeKa. Pe3yJ!hTaTbl 9THX HCCJle.OOBaHHH .00.T!llOlbl yqHTb!BaTbCR npH nnaHHpoBaHHH, npoeKTHPOBKe, crpoHTe.llbCTBe H 9KcnnyaTaUHH lltHJlblX 3,oaHHH. 15. KypeHHe BHYTPH mJlblX 3.DaHHH ae.oeT K Ol,tcrpoMy yxy.[lll!eHHIO KaqecTBa B03.oyxa BHYTPH noMelI!eHHA. no HMeto!I!l-1MCR .naHHblM 9TO RBnReTCR npl-l'rnHOO HnH o0yCJJOBnHBaeT yxy.[lll!eHHe 3.00poBbR mm,uoB. 8 9TOH CBR3H Heo0XOnHMO HCCTOJ!h30BaHHe rnacHOCTH npH npoae.oeHHH MeponpHRTI!ll B oOnaCTH caHHTapHoro npocaelI!eHHR nnR 03HaKOMneHHR HaceneHHR C nocne.DCTBHRMH KYPeHHR B == noMelI!eHHRX He TOJ!hKO .DnR 3.[!0poBbR caMHX KYPRIIIHX, HO H .opyrHX ~UOB, B TOM <n-1cne .[leTeA. 16. Cne.oyeT HaqaTb paOoTY no npoae.neHHto oOl>eKTHBHOH oueHKH xapa.KTepa H creneHH ¢aKTOpoB PHCKa, CBR3aHHblX C II!HPOKO pacnpocrpaHeHHoo B HaCTORIJlee BpeMR npaKTHKOO CTpoHTe.llbCTBa B lltHJlblX .DOMax TYaneTOB Oe3 Hapy= OKOH , C orpa=eHHoA BeHTHnRUHeH H ecTecTBeHHblM OCBeMeHHeM. 17. TTocKOJ!hKY HecqacrHble CJJyqaH BHYTPH H B Henocpe.ocraeHHoA OnH30CTH OT mnwx 3.oaHHH RBnRJOTCR npHqHHOH CTpa.[!aHHH, HecqacTbR nro.oeA H ~e CMeprHblX c.nyqaeB, npH npoeKTHpoBKe H CTPOHTe.llbCTBe fflJlblX .DOMOB HeoOXOnHMO Y<n-lTblBaTb pom, ¢aKTOpoB OKpYJ@IObleH cpear B npo¢HnaKTHKe HecqaCTHblX cnyqaea cpenH .OeTeH' npecTapenwx H HHBanH.DOB. 18. B KaqecTBe MePbl, HanpaaneHHoA Ha npe.nynpe~eHHe B03HHKHOBeHHR ropo.[!CKHX TPY!Ilo0 cne.nyeT HaqaTb H=ne.ooaaHHe BOnpOCOB 3aKOHO.OaTenbCTBa C uem,ro onpe.oeneHHR B03MO~HOCTeH HcnOJ!h30BaHHR topH~ecKHex Mep .DnR TOro , qToO!,r He nonyCTHTb 3aceneHHR TPYlJlo0. 19. TTpaBHTe.IlbCTBa acex CTpaH CpenH3eMHOMOPbR H JO=oA EBpomr .oon~Hbl npHHRTb Oonee 9Hep~re Mept,1 K npe.DOTBPaMeHHJO pocra ropo.ncKHX TPYII!oO ; cnenyeT H3yql-!'Th npH<n-!Hbl, BeJlYl!{He K HX B03HHKHOBeHHJO, H pa3paOO'raTb npaK~eCKHe Mepbl no OoPbOe C HHMH. - 109 - 20. HeoOXOm,!MO no.arOTOBHTb nporpaMMhl CO'TPYJlHW!ecraa no pa3paOoTJ<e B COOTBeTCTBHH c npHHJ.ll,l!laMH ropo.acKoro nnaHHpoBaHWI nnattoB npaKTI!'leCKHX MeponpwiTID\, HMe~mHX uem,~ coKpameHHe poc'ra ropo.acKHX TPYMo0 H HX JIHKBHJiaUHJO B CJTY'la/DC, ec.l!H npeOhlBaHHe B HI-OC npe.acraBJJReT onacH=Tb JlJ1R 3.llOP<JBbR H OnarOnOJTY'IWI mo.aeA. 21. B CBR3H c HaJll.Nl1eM (X)JlblIIOro 'll-lcna paHOHOB ropo.acKHX TpymoO B cpem,i3eMHOMopc!(HX crpattax cne.ayeT B OnH~alimeM Oy.aymeM npoBeCTH paOoqee COBemaHHe, ceMHHap H.l!H KOH¢>epeHW!IO MR d5cy;,uieHHR npaKTI!'leCKHX nyTeA H cpe.acTB J1HKBHJiaUJ,1H H.llH cymecraeHHoro coKparueHHR cePl,e3Hhlx onacttocreA, KOTop1,1e BJJeqeT 3a coOoi:i npeOhlaaHHe B TPYMo0ax JlJ1R 3.llOJJOBbR HaceneHHR, 22 . Cne.ayeT HaqaTb aKTHBHY~ KaMna= B oOnacrH caHHTapHoro np=BemeHHR H Oa3OB1,IX Mem-tKCreaHHTapHhlX Mep JlJ1R pa3~RCHeHHR qepe3 cpe.acraa MaCCOBOH HH~OpMaUHH ~HTenRM ropo.aoa, =oOeHHO JIHIJaM, He,naBHO np1-1exaBmHM B ropo.aa, a TaJ<~e =e= ropo.aCKHX TPYMo0 TOH OTBeTCTBeHHocrH, KOTOP~ OHl1 HecYT 3a no.a.aep~aHHe caoero mffi>R H OKPY~~MHX ero Meer B ===e H nopRJIKe, ~o no3BOJTHno 01,1 coKpaTHTb ~aKTOPhl PHCKa, CBR3aHHJ,te C onaCHOCTb~ pacnpoCTpaHeHHR HH~eKUHOHHhlX 3aOoneBaHHH H B03HHKHOBeHHR HecqacrHhlX CJJY'laeB. 23 . BBHJlY 3HaqeHW! ~HJTaKTI!'leCKHX Mep, RB=mHXCR =HOBOH JlOCT~eHHR 3.llOJJOBbR JlJ1R Bcex K 2000 ro.ay, cne.ayeT npe.aocraBHTb ttaHBhlCDJYIO oqepeJIHOCTb nporpaMMaM B oOnacTH ~HnHMHOO rnrneHhl . 24. PaOOTHHKaM 3Jll)aBOOXpaHeHHR, apXHTeKTOpaM, cneUHa.l!HCTaM B oOnaCTH nJTaHHpoBaHHR ropo.aoB, C'rJJOHTenRM H ,npyrnM JIHIJaM, npHHH=IIIHM yqacTHe B pemeHHH m.11HMHhlX BOnpocoB H B Me.[IHKCreaHHTapHOO .aeRTeffi,H=TH , cne.ayeT nocroRHHO cnem-tTb 3a HOBeHMHMH ~eHHRMH B oOnaCTH TeXHOnOrHH B uenRX oOecneqeHHR HX O1,1crpeA111ero BHe,npeHW! B n?aJ<THKY, 25. HeoOXOm,!MO yaenHqHTb pa3Mep1,1 H 'll-lcnO napKOB, peKpeaUHOHHhlX H 3eneHh!X 3OH C pa3Hoo0pa3HOH paCTHTem,H~ BO BCex ropo.acKHX paHOHaX , Cne.ayeT pa3paOOTaTb H npHc-ryrn,rn, K peanH3aUHH nonHTHKH , ttanpaBneHHOH Ha 3amHTY H coxpaHeHHe npHJJO.ID,l BHYTPH ropo,noB H BOKpyr HHX . - 111 - OXPAHA 3aOPOBbH nPECTAPEJlblX KoHcyJ!bTaTHBHblH KOMJ.ITeT no oxpaHe snopoBbR npecrapeJ!blx - 113 - ,Datt Jlaorep (,DyO.IIHH), l1p11aH.1JJ,1R, 22-25 MaPTa 1983 I"'. ICP/ADR 017(2)(S) 0658A 13 HIOHR 1983 l"'O,lla OPlirnHAJl: AHI'Jll1HCKl111 B COCTaB KOMHTeTa BXO.IJJ,lm! 22 9KcnePTa B oOJ1aCTI1 repoHTOJlOl"'HH, repHaTPJ.1'4ecKOH Me.J]HUHHbl. 90H~MHOJ1O1"'HH, peaOHJlHTaL.MH, cecrpHHCKOl"'O nena, ncHXHaTPHH , COUHaJlbHblX HCCJle~Balil-lH H PYKOBOnCTBa MenHKo-caHHTapHOH nOM<Xllb~. B paOoTe COBemaHHR yqaCTBOBaJlH TaK~e nRTb COTPYnHHKOB Pel"'HOHaJ!bHOl"'O ~po. 3To 0!.1110 BTOpoe COBemaHHe KOMHTeTa, nepBOe npc)XO.IJJ,!JlO B OKTROpe 1978 rona B K~HXeHe . YqacTHHKH COBemaHHR pa3paOoTaJ1H peKOMeHnaLMH OTHOCHTeJ!bHO oqepenttOCTI1 npc)BeneHHR no KOHUa 1983 rona MeponpHRTI-IA B paMKax HenaBHO pa3paOoTaHHOH EBponeHCKOH pel"'HOHaJ!bHOH npol"'paMMbl no oxpaHe 3nOpoBbR npecrapeJlblX . UeJ!b~ BTOp01"'O COBemaHHR KOMHTeTa 0!.111 nepecMOTP npc)!"'paMMbl no oxpaHe 3nOpoBbR npecTapeJlblX H c ocraBJleHHe nnaHa npoeKTOB TexHJ.1'4eCKOl"'O COTPYnHH4ecTBa C rocynaPCTBaMJ.1-qJ!eHaMJ.1 B paMKaX cpenttecpoqttOH nporpaMMbl Ha 1984-1989 !"'I"'. TTOCJ1e.1JJ,1He TPH !"'Ona HeYKJlOHHO paCTeT HHTepec, npQRBJlReMbn:I B l"'OCynaPCTBax-qneHax K oonpocaM crapeHHR . 3TOT HHTepec OCo0eHHO B09poc nOCJle npoBeneHHR B BeHe B 1982 l"'OJlY BceMHPHOH AccaMOJleH OOH n o npo011eMaM crapeHHR, a TaK~e nOCJ1e nepeopHeHTauHH no.ffiITHKH 803 B r-anpaBJ1eHHH noc=eHHR 3nopoBbR .ll/1R ocex K 2000 rony. TaKOH nonxon Hai:ine-r cBoe OTpa~eHHe B Oy,oymeA nporpaMMe no oxpaHe 3nopoBbR npeCTapeJlblX . TaKHM oOpasoM, coBemairne craB1-111O nepe,n coOoA CJ1e~m1-1e ueJ1H: 1 . aHaJ1H9 pe3yJ!bTaTOB paOc:m.r no pea11H3aUHH nporpaMMbl no oxpaHe 3nopoBbR npecrapeJlbOC B nep1-1on c 1978 no 1983 IT.; 2 . nepecMQTP cpenttecpo=oA npc)!"'paMMbl no oxpaHe 3nopoBbR npecTapeJlblX Ha 1984-1989 IT. c OCoOb!M ynopoM Ha: pel"'HoHaJ!b~ CTPaTel"'HJO n=~eHHR 3nopoBbR .ll/1R ocex K 2000 rony nonxon, OCHOBaHHbM Ha nepBHqttQH Me.lJJ,IKO-caHHTapHOH nOMaJlH Ke~Hapo,IIHl,IA nnaH nellcTBHA no npoOneMaM crapeHHR; 3 . aHaJ!H9 nQCJle.lJJ,IHX n=~eHHH H TeHneHUI-IA MJ!bHefflllel"'O pa3BHTHR B OTo0paHHblX oOnaCTRX oxpaHbl s nopoBbR npecrapeJ!b!X; 4 . pa3paOQTKa peKOMettnauHA OTHOCHTeJ!bHO nnaHHpoBaHHR )laJ!bHeHMHX Mep0npHRTHH Ha Me~HaUHOHaJlbHOM H HaUHOHaJ!bHOM ypoBHRX B paMKax cpenttecpoqttOH nporpaMMb! oxpaHbl 3nopoBbR npecTape.moc Ha 1984-1989 IT. Ha paccMOTpeHHe KOMHTeTa O!.IJ!H npe.oc-raBJleHbl QTqeTbl O xone paOoT B CJle~MHX oOnaCTRX: pa3paOOTKa onepaTHBHblX MoneneJ'.! ~ H CHCTeM OKa3aHHR nOMOMH ¢oPMbl noBeneHHR H OTHOmeHHe K npecTapeJ!blM HH¢oPMaUHR (MJ.!HHMaJlbHb!H HaOop naHHblX ,ll1IR JlHU, nna8Hp~ll!Hl( neRTeJ!bHOCTb ~O) neKapcTBeHHoe neqeHHe H Bbl!1HCKa neKaPCTB TJPO(f)HJlaKTHqecKaR neRTeJ!bHOCTb, BNRBJleHHe ~aeB 3aOo11eBaHJ-1H H caHHTapHoe npocBemeHHe pa3BHTHe H nonl"'OTOBKa KanPQB peaOHJlHTaUHR H noc11e11eqe0Hoe oOc~HBaHHe HCCJlenoBaHHe H oueHKa, BKJDOqaR COCTaBJleHHe noKa3aTenel1 9¢<1>eKTHBHOCTI1. - 11 4 - KoMHTeT arMeTiiJJ 3Hatnrrem,Hhfi:i ypoBeHb paCloTI.1, npoBe.neHH011 no KaJl(,llOMy 1-13 yKa3aHHbJX HanpaBJteffilfl. 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HeoOXO.nHMO ynyqmJ.ITb paOoTY Ha.n Me.nHKo-caHHTapHOH CTaTHCTHKOH 3aOoneaaeMOCTH H CMepTHOCTH cpe,nH npecrapeJ)bJX ( HanpHMep, nyTeM COBePllleHCTBOBaHHR paooru Ha.n 3anontteHHeM HCTQPHH Oone3HH) , HeoOXO.nHMO TaKll.e ,naBaTb Oonee TOqtty~ xapaKTepHCTHKY npH4HH CMepTH npH aYTOOCHH. 7. HeoOXO.nHMO pa3paOoTaTb npHeMneMY~ Knaccm>HK~ CTCHXH4E!Cl<HX HapYllJeHHH cpe,nH npecrapenb!X, COCTaBHTb llJKany ypoaHeH paCCTpQHCTB H nepeqeHb .nHarHOCTH4eCKHX 3aKnJ04eHHH, KOTOµ,Ie MOrnH Obi Ob!Tb HCnOJU,30BaHbl npH npoae.neHHH ~eHaUHOHaJU,HbJX H cpaBHHTeJU,HbJX HCcne.noaaHHA. 8. Cne.nyeT TllJaTeJU,HO paccMQTPeTb aonpoc O npoae.neHHH CKPHHHHra COCTORHHR 3,nopom,R npecrape.11,1x. XoTR npoae.neHHble B Oonee MOnO.nLIX B03pacTHbIX rpynnax Hccne.noaaHHR He noKa3anH CYllJecTBeHHbIX pa3nJ,1qHH B COCTORHHH 3,nopom,R nHU, npwe,nllJHX H He npwe,llllHX CKPHHHHr, HeoOXO,nHMO npo.noJDl(aTb HaOmo.neHHe 3a npe.ncraBHTenRMH CTaPlllHX B03paCTHblX rpynn, oco0eHHO 3a TeMH, Y KOTOpt,JX HaOmo.na=R cylilecTBeHHble (j)yHKU11OHam,Hble HapYllJeHHR B pe3ym,TaTe crapeHHR opraHH3Ma. UenecooOpa3HOCTb CKPHHHHra cne.nyeT pacCMaTPHBaTb Ha HeCKOJlbKHX ypoBHRX: 9¢¢eKTHBHOCTb B COKpallJeHHH 3aOoneaaeMOCTH H CMePTHOCTH! 9¢¢eKTHBHOCTb B COKpallJeHHH HnH npeKpallJeHHH oOpamaeMOCTH B Me.nHKO-CaHHTapHbJe H COUHaJU,HbJe cnyll.Obr! - 118 - :3<jxj>eKTHBHOCTb B CHHll<eHHH ~YHKUHOHaffi,HblX paCCTPOHCTB B pe3ym,TaTe CTapeHHR H oone3HH H, cne.ooBaTeffi,HO, B nOBhllJleHHH Y.llOBneTBOpeHHOCTH ll<H3Hbl0 cpe.llH npecTapens1x. Ha=oRTeJU,HO Heo6XO.llHMO onpe.oenHTb xapaKTep H co.oepll<aHHe CKPHHHHra, y=aHOBHTb KTO .oonl!<eH ero npQBO.llHTb (ecnH Bpa'-1, TO KaKoA; ecntt Me.llHUHHCKaR cecTpa, TO KaKaR H T • .o. ), a TaKl!<e KaKHM rpynnaM npe=apens1x cne.oyeT npe.onaraTb npoxolK.lleHHe CKPHHHHra. Heo6XO.llHMO .oaBaTb oueHKy pe3ym,TaTaM CKPHHHHra (HanpHMep, nyTeM npoBe.OeHHR nonHOMaC!!Ta6 HOro 3KCnepHMeHTam,ttoro KOHTPOnR). Cne.oyeT TaKl!<e oueHHBaTb 3KOHOMH'-1€CKylO 9'W>eKTHBHOCTb npoue.oyp CKPHHHHra. 9. .no npoBe.oeHHR nonHOH oueHKH Heo6XO.OHMO noaiipan, pa6oTy no BbIRBneHHIO cnyqaeB oone3HH cpe.llH npe=apens1x .llnR onpe.oeneHHR TeX nOTpe6HOCTeH, KOTOpt,Ie He HaI!JnH .llOnll<HOro Y.llOBneTBOpeHHR. 9Ta paOoTa .llOnll<Ha BKnlO'-!aTb TaKl!<e H3yqeHHe co=oRHHR 3.ll0POBhR H Onaroco=ORHHR nHU, OCYJlleCTBnRIOWHX yxo.o 3a npecTapens1MH. nonHTHKa B o6na=H oxpaHhl 3.llOPOBbR npecTapens1x 1. PYKOBO.oROOHe opraHhl B =paHax .oonll<Hbl OC03HaTI, Heo6XO.llHMOCTb oOecne'-leHHR COOTBeT=BYIOIIlHX COUHaffi,HbJX ycnOBHH H ¢H3H'-leCKOro OKPYll<eHHR .llnR pacTYJJiero '-!Hcna r--ecTapens1x. 2. .Una .llOCTHll<eHHR 3THX ueneH Heo6XO.llHMa opraHH3aUHR COOTB€TCTBy10wero o6yqeHHR Bcex nHU, 3aHHMalOWHXCR yXO.llOM 3a npecTapenbIMH, no BOnpocaM =apeHHR H 3aOoneBaeMOCTH B npeKnOHHOM B03pa=e. Oco6oe 3Ha'-!eHHe B 3TOO CBR3H HMeeT no.oroTOBKa cec-rpHHCKOro nepcoHana, KOTOpt,IH Hepe.llKO HMeeT Henocpe.ocTBeHHoe OTHaiJeHHe K nPQ<llHnaKTHKe, ne'-!eHHJO H yxo.oy 3a npecTapens1MH KaK no Me=y ll<HTem,=Ba, TaK H B =auHOHaPHhlX yqpeJK.lleHHRX. - 119 - P aOoqaR rpynna no oueHKe BKna.na Oam,HeoreparrnH B OXpaHY 3,llOpoBbR npe=apem!X A OaHO-MOHTerp<YI'TO (CTa.nyR), 15-17 HJOHR 1983 ro.na BBe.neHHe ICP/ADR 019( 5) 0723A 3 OKTR0PR 1983 ro.na OPHTIIHAJJ: AHrmrnCKHH B .llaHHOM COBeIIIaHHH ITPHHRnH Y'{aCTHe 16 speMeHHbJX COBeTHHKOB H3 10 =paH. B HX 4HCno BOlllnH opraHH3aTOpbl oOIIIe=BeHHoro 3,llpaBOOXpaHeHHR, ,llHpeKTOpa Hay,.rHO-Hccne.nosaTem,CKHX H TepaneBTH4ecKHX Y'{pell:,lleHHH Oam,HeorepanHH, 9nH.neMHonorn H KnHHHUHCTbJ, 3aHHMaJOll!HecR oonpocaMH Kap,nHonornH, peBMaTono rHH H Me,nHUHHCKOH ¢apMaKonorHH. (ITe4am,Hoe H3Be=He O BHe3anHOH KOH4HHe npo$. <!>OH MaHrep-KeHHra 3a 10 .llHeH .no Ha4ana paOoTbl COBeIIIaHHR OblJlO BOCllPHHRTO ero yqacTHHKaMH C rnyOoKHM co,i:aneHHeM. ITPQ$. <!>OH MaHrep-KeHHr n o m,3o sancR Oonl,IIIHM yBall:eHHeM He rom,Ko 3a ero Bbl.llaJOIIIHecR 3acnyrn Ha Me,i:.oyttapo,nHOM nonpHllle, HO H n o TOMY, qTQ OH npoRBnRn nHqHbJH HHTepec K npoOneMaM Oam,HeonorHH.) Bo MHOrnx =paHaX npe.u=aBHTenH COBpeMeHHblx Me.DHKO-CaHHTapHbJX cny,i:O ITPH3HaJOT, 4TO oam,HeonorHR CTana ocoOoH oOnacTI,JO Me.DHUHHbl, c o .oeplJ<aHHe KOTOPOH o npe.oenReTCR uemJM PR.DOM ¢aKTOpoB. nepe.o PaOoqeii rpynnoii =oRna 3a.oaqa oOcy,nHTb n03HTHBHbJe acneKTbl Oam,HeOTepanHH, y.oenHB ocoOoe BHHMaHHe e e COUHaffi,HQH pOnH. 8 Ka4e=Be CMell<HblX ObJnH TaKlJ<e paCCMOTpeHbJ TaKHe oOnacTH, KaK HCITOnl,30BaHHe caYH H Me = o .DHeTeTHKH H .DHeTbJ. B pe3ym,TaTe npoBe.DeHHoro o0cyll<.lleHHR Y'{aCTHHKH pemHnH C4HTaTb cne.DYJOll!He .llBa .llOKYMeHTa HCXO,llHblM MaTepHan oM, Ha OCHOBe KOTOporo Oy.oeT CTpoHTbCR .llHCKYCCHR: .llOKyMeHT, no.nrOTOBneHHbJH .unR .DBa.lluaTb cem,MOH cecCHH PernoHam,Horo KOMHTeTa, COCTORBIIIeHCR B 1977 ro.ny' Mell<.DYHapo,l!HblH TYPH3M B Me.llHUHHCKHX uen~' KOTOPblH He YTl)aTHn CBoero 3Ha4eHHR H MOll<eT OMTb HCITQm,30BaH B XO.Ile oOcYll<.DeHHR; peKOMeH.llaUHH, c$opMynHpoBaHHbJe BO speMR npoBe.oeHHR BceMHpHOH AccaMOneH OOH no npoOneMaM CTapeHHR B 1982 ro.ny, KOTOpbJe, B qacTHOCTH, 3aTparnBaJOT Ball<Hb!H Bo npoc B03MOll<HOro npe.oynpell<.neHHR HnH no KpaHHeH Mepe 3aMe,Jl.11eHHR pa3BHTHR HeraTHBHMX ¢YHKUHOHam,HbJX nocne,llCTBHH CTapeHHR. Bb1no TaKll<e peIIIeHO npH paccMoTpeHHH ponH Oam,HeoTeparrnH B npo$Hna KTHKe HHBanH,llHo=H yqHTbJBaTb B03 MOll<HbJe OnaronpHRTHbJe nocne.n=BHR ee HCITOnl,30BaHHR ,Jl.11R .opyrHX B0 3paCTHMX rpynn, noMHMO npecTapem,x. 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HHll<e H3naraJOTCR cornacOBaHHbJe nonoll<eHHR, KOTOPble, KaK C4HTaJOT Y'{a=HHKH, He cne.nyeT paccMaTpHBaTb B Kaqe=Be ,ne$HHHUHH. rpynna peIIIHna orpaHH4HTbCR paCCMOTpeHHeM ITPHPQ.DHMX pecypcos' TaKHX' KaK MHHepam,HbJe BO.Dbl ( = BHYTpeHHero H BHelJIHero HCITOnl,30BaHHR) , .oepHBaTbl MHHepam,Hb[)( BO.ll ( ra3, nap H T. ,n. ) , TepMOMHHepam,HbJe rpR3H, a TaKlJ<e KnHMaTH4eCKHX ¢aKTOpoB. 9TH npHpo,llHbJe pecypcM qa=o Ha3blBalOTCR no-pa3HOMY B pa3 nH4HMX =PaHaX. - Bam,HecTepanHR no.npa3yMeBaeT HCITOffi,30BaHHe e=e=BeHHblX pecypcoB TaM, r.oe HX .lloOblBaJOT, B uenRX yc1-1neHHR B03.lleHCTBHR Me.llHKO-CaHHTapHOH noMOIIIH. - Cne.ooBaTeJlbHO, HCITOJlb30BaHHe TaKHX pecypco B .IIOnll<HO BKnJ04aTb ne4e0HMe, npo$HnaKTl-!4ecKHe H 03.llOPQBHTeJll,HbJe nporpaMMbl, HanpaBneHHbJe Ha ynyqIIIeHHe Kaqe=Ba ll<H3HH qenoBeKa. a JlOKYMeHT EUR/ RC27 /10. - 120 - Cne.ayeT TTPH3H3Tb, 'ITO .apyrne ¢H31NecKHe H caH1-1TapHo-npocBeTHTe.llbHbJe MeTO.DbJ, T3KHe, KaK ¢H3HOTepaITHR, 3JleKTpoTepanHR, ,m-JeTeTHKa, rnMHaCTHKa, noBbJllleHHe oOpa30BaTe.llbHOro ypoBHR, Me.mruHHCKaR pea0H.11J.1Tal.ll-lR H caHHTapHoe npocBerueHHe MOryT B paBHOH creneHH acCOl.11-0-fPOBaTbCR c HCITO.llb30BaHHeM TaKHX npHPQ,DHblX pecypcoB. 1. Ba.llbHeOTepamm npH3BaHa CblrpaTb Ball(HYJ() po.llb B coxpaHeHHH 3.DOpoBI,R H, B03MOllCHO, B npo¢HJlaKTHKe HHBamuIHOCTH Ha Oonee n03.IDi61 3Tane l!CH3HH. ,llHeTeTHKa RBJlReTCR Hepa3pbJBHbIM KOMITOHeHTOM 3TOH .DHCUI-IIT.11J.1Hbl. CTHTaH11e J]()JlllCHO, C yqeTOM yCJlOBHH 0oJle3HH, KaK MOllCHO TOQHee COOTBeTCTBOBaTb ¢H3HOJ10r!NeCKHM nOTpe0HOCTRM 3,DOpoBoro qenoBeKa COOTBeTCTBYIOtileH B03paCTHOH rpynrn,I. 2. HeoOXO,mJMO no,INepKHBaTb He TOJlI,KO Me.DHUI-IHCKYJ(), HOH COUl-la.llbHYIO po.llb Oa.llbHeOTepanHH B paMKaX BCeH CHCTeMhl Me,mJKO-CaHHTapHoro oOcnyllCHBaHHR. 3. HeoOXO.DHMO npo,DOJlllCHTb H3,"leHHe H oueHKY npoueccoB, CBR3aHHbIX C Oa.llbHeoTepanHefl. 4. Ba.llbHeoJJOrnR RBJlRe'I'CR .DHCUl-lnJlHHOH, KOTOpaR BKJIIOqaeT MHOro KOMITOHeHTOB , H HX B3aHMO.DeHCTBHe BallCHbIH ¢aKTOP ITOJlliOro HCITO.llb30BaHHR Oa.llbHeOTepanHH KaK npouecca, 5. nocKO.llbKY B Oa.llbHeoTepaITHH npHMeHReTCR MHOrO.DHCID!ITJIHHapHbIH no.axe.a, uenecoo0pa3HO npo.DOJll!CHTb H3,"leHHe B03 MOllCHOCTH BKJIIOqeHHR COOTBeTCTBYIOll!HX MeponpHRTHH B HeKOTOpble H3 .ael'ICTBYJ()IIIHX nporpaMM 803, HanpHMep, B oOnacTH nepBHQHOH Me.DHKO-CaHHTapHOH noMOIIIH, oxpaHbJ 3.DOpoBI,R npecrapeJlbJX, npo<!>HJlaKTHKH HHBaJJH.DHOCTH H pea0HJJHT3UI-IH. 6. Bee Oonee OQeBH.IDiOH craHOBHTCR Heo0XO,IU-JMOCTI, ITPH pa3pa0oTKe IT03HTHBHblX noKa3aTenefl HCITO.llb30BaHHR Oa.llbHeOTepanHH B oOnaCTH oxpaHbl 3.DOpoBI,R npecTapeJlblX Y'IHTblBaTb T3Kl1Ce H npoTHBOnOKa3aHHR . OOnacTH ,JJa.llbHeHll!HX HCCJle.DOBaHHH 7. HeoOXO,IU-IMO paCIIIfiPHTb HayQHYIO Oa3y Oa.llbHeoTepaITHH. B 3THX ueJJRX CJJe.ayeT HCITO.llb30BaTb 3MITHP!NecKHe, 3KcnepHMeHTa.llbHble, Me.DHUHHCKHe H 3ITH,DeMHOJ10r!NeCKHe MeTO,llbl. 8. Cne.ayeT cnpe.ae.11J.1Tb nyTH pacnpocTPaHeHHR no.aoOHOH HayqHOH HH¢0pMal.ll-lH tta HauHOHa.llbHOM H MellC.ayHapo.DHOM ypoBHRX. 9. HeoOXO.DHMO onpe.ae.11J.1Tb B03MOllCHOCTH HCITO.llb30BaHHR Oa.llbHeoTepaITHH B ueJJRX YKpenneHHR 3,DOpoBI,R He TO.llbKO nOllCHJlblX JIIO.DeH, HOH npe.acTaBHTeJleH .DPYrHX B03paCTHblX rpynn . 10. XOTR yqaCTHHKH I'pynrn,I H 3Ha!OT O TOM, 'ITO B HaCTORll!ee BpeMR npoBO.DHTCR paOOTa no COCTaBneHHJO CJlOBapeH HaHOonee ynOTpeOHTe.llbHblX .De¢HHHUI-IH H TepMHHOB no Oa.llbHeOTepamrn, OHH CQHTaJOT uenecoo0pa3 HbIM no.arOTOBHTb MellC.ayHapo.IDiblH rnoccapHH TePMHHOB. 11. Cne.ayeT npo.DO.mn!Th H3}"1eHHe KOHKPeTHoro co.aepl!CaHHR .DHCUHITJlHHbl, KOTOpaR onpe.aenReTCR CJlOBOM 110a.JlbHeonorHn 11 • 12. BallCHO OITpe.De.11J.1Tb noKa3aHHR H ITpoTHBOnoKa3aHHR .DJ1R nOBblllleHHR 3¢¢eKTHBHOCTH Oa.llbHeOTepaITHH npecrapeJlhlX KaK cpe,aCTBa, c.aepllCHBa!Oll!ero nporpecCHBHoe ITpeBpall!eHHe HeTpy.aocnocoOHOCTH B HHBaJJH.IDiOCTI,. 13. BallCHO H3,"IHTb ¢aKTOPbl, KOTOpble noOyllC,JJalOT nOllCHJlhlX rno.aefl He oOpa111an,cR B nepBYJ() oqepe.m, K 0¢HUl-la.llbHblM CJ1YllC03M 3,DpaBOOXpatteHHR CBOHX CTPaH, a HCnO.llb30BaTI, ITPHPO.IDibie pecypcbl, TaKHe, KaK Oa.llbHeoTepaITHR. 14. Ba.llbHeOTepaITlilO CJle.ayeT pacCMaTPHBaTb B KaQecTBe .aonoJl!iliTe.llbHOro HJJH a.llbTepHaTHBHOro BH,Ila JleqeHHR, noMHMO neKapcrBeHHoo TepanHH, KOTOpaR MOllCeT yMeHI,IIIHTI, noOoQHoe .DeHCTBHe Me,mJKaMeHTOB, ITpoITHCblBaeMblX nOl!CHJlbIM JUO.IIRM. 15. Bo MHornx crpaHax paCIIIHPReTCR llpaKTHKa HCITOJ1I,30BaHHR cayH H nOSTOMY Heo0XO.DHMO HaHTH cpe,DCTBa pa3~RCHeHHR TeM, KTO He3HaKOM C ITPHHUI-IITaMH HX HCnO.llb30BaHHR, 'ITO cayl-ibJ MOryT OKa3blBaTb Bpe.DHoe 003,DeHCTBHe Ha 3.DOJ)OBI,e, ocoOeHHO Ha 3.DOJ)OBI,e nOllCHJlbJX JIIO.DeH. 16. KaK npe.aCTaBJJReTCR, eCTb ,nBe oOnaCTH, B paMKax KOTOP,IX B KOHeQHOM HTOre CJle,DyeT ITpe.llITPHHRTb 0¢HUl-la.llbHble .ael'ICTBHR: BO-nepBblX, peqz, H,IleT O CBR3H ¢H3HOJ10rHH crapeHHR C ¢YHKUI-IOHa.llbHbIMH H3MeHeHHRMH Y npecrapeJlblX; H, BO-BTOPbIX, - 0 ITPH3HaHHOO npoOneMe MHOllCeCTBeHHOH naTOJlOrHH, KOTOpaR qacro CBR3aHa C nOllCHJlbIM B03paCTOM, HO KOTOpaR He BCer.aa BJlHReT Ha ¢yHKUI-IOHa.llbHble cnocoOHOCTH npecrapeJlbIX. - 121 - 17. Cne,llyeT H3Y'fl-!Tb HOBbJe MeTO,llbl XI-IPYPrH'ieCKOro BMemaTeJ!bCTBa H HX BO3MOJIO-iYIO CBR3b C OaJ!bHeoTepa11Hei"l : HanpHMep, ,rnpyprnqecKHe TelCHH'iecKHe cpe.I(CTBa, B qaCTHOCTH, HCCTOJ!b3yeMbie npH a aMemeHHH cyCTaBOB, H Me,llHUHHCKHe cpe.I(CTBa, TaKHe, KaK BO.IIHTenH PHTMa. PeKOMeH,llyeMb1e MeponpHRTHR 18. MolltHO BK11IO't{HTb OaJ!bHeoTepallJ.ilO B Ka't{eCTBe OT.IleJ!bHOro KOMnOHeHTa O.IIHOH HnH HecKOJ!bKHX .Ilei"lCTBYJOl!l],IX nporpaMM B03. 19. Cne,llyeT H3y't{HTb B03MOJitHOCTH HCCTOJ!b3OBaHHR OaJ!bHearepamm npH neqeHHJ,J npe.I(CTaBHTeneA KOHKpeTHhlX BQ3paCTHhlX rpynn. 20 . Cne,llyeT paapaOcJTaTb HH<l>opMaUHOHHYIO CHCTeMy ,n1I/I mru, KOTOPble HCCTOJ!b3yJOT OaJ!bHeoTepanHJO' c o.neplllaJIIYIO .I(aHHble O nonOl!IHTeJ!bHh!X H OTpHl!aTeJ!bHblX CTOpoHax pa3nH'ittbllC MeTO.IIOB, HaXO.I(RlllHXCR B HX pacnopRl!leHHH. 21. Cne.nyeT C03.I(aTb ceTb HH<l>opMaUHOHHhlX ueHTpoB ,n1I/I cOopa H pacnpOCTpaHeHHR HaY't{HOH HH~OpMaUHH o npeHMYmeCTBax H He.I(OCTaTKax OaJ!bHeOTepallHH. 3ToH .I(eRTeJ!bHOCTbIO MOrnH Obi 3aHRTbCR MelJUlYHapo.IIHaR a ccoUHaUHR OaJ!bHeonorHH H KnHMaTOnorHH' a TaKl!le HaUHOHaJ!bHhle HHCTHTYTbl ' y KOTOPbIX ecTb TaKaR BO'.3 MOl!IHOCTb. 22. Cne,llyeT CTHMynHpoBaTb npoBe.I(eHHe HaY't{Hh!X Hccne.I(OBaHHH B uenRX pacmHpeHHR 3HaHHH B STO!"l oOnaCTH, B qaCTHOCTH B TOM , qro KacaeTCR BO3MOJitHOro OnaronpHRTHOro BO'.3.IleHCTBHR OaJ!bHeOTepanHH Ha .nereHepaTHBHbie npouecCbI . KpoMe roro, STH HCCne.DOBaHHR .I(OnlIIHhl BK11IO't{HTb H3yqeHHe SKOHOMH'iecKOH sc!x!>eKTHBHOCTH OaJ!bHeOTepallHH no cpaBHeHHIO C .llPYrHMH MeTO.DaMH neqeHHR. 23 . Cne,llyeT H3bICKaTb B03MOlltHOCTH onpe.neneHHR nQTPeOHOCTeH B pacmHpeHHH 3HaHHH Me.I(HUHHCKOro H BCnOMoraTeJ!bHOro nepcottana, KOTOPblH 3aHHMaeTCR OaJ!bHeoTepallJ.ieH . 24 . Cne,llyeT BHeCTH H3MeHeHHR B HCTlOJ!b3yeMble MeTO,llbl C TeM, 't{TQObJ OHH n03BOnRnH nyqme oueHHBaTb ~YHKL!HOHaJ!bHble B03MOJIIHOCTH npeCTapeJlhIX .DOH nocne neqeHHR. - 123 - OXPAIIA IlCHXH'IECKOrO 3aOPOBbH PaOo<iaR rpynna no nepBOMy KOHTaKTY B CHCTeMe OxpaHl,I ncHJG-NecKoro 3.D0p0111,R TaM11epe, 25-29 anpenR 1983 rona - 125 - ICP/MNH 059(1)(S) 0661A 1 H10JTR 1983 rore OPHI'HHA/l: AHI'JIHl1a<ml naHHaR PaOo'laR rpynna npoBO,llHJiaa, B COOTBeT=BHH CC cpe,llHecpo'lHOH nporpaMMOH 80'3 no pa3BHTI!IO c.nylltO oxpaHbl ncHXl-f'.lecKoro 3nopo111,R, neACTBy!OmHX B paMKaX nepBH'lHOO Me.llHKO-CBHHTapHOH noMOMH. B COCTBB rpynmi BXO.III-IJIO 14 BpeMeHHblX CCBeTHHKOB H3 12 rocynapcTB-'lJieHOB. KpoMe TOro, B paOoTe COBemaHHR npHHHMa.JIH Y'{BCTife 5 HaOJT10naTeneA OT ~-y=poHTeJ!bHHl.lbl H 3 npen=aBHTeJIR HenpaBHTeJ!b=BeHHbJX opraHH3al.lHA H COTPYnHH'la~mHX ueHTpoB 80'3. B OT'leTe PaOo<ieH rpynrn,1 003 , npoxo.miBmeA B JboceO~, OcJIO, B 197 3 ronya, OCHOBHoe BHHMaHHe O!.JJIO yneneHO p0.11J.! ncHXHBTPHH B oOmeA npaKTHKe, a TaKll<e Y'{BCTHIO BpatieA oOmeA npaKTHKH B neRTeJ!bHOCTif CJ!Yll<0 OxpaH!,1 ncHXH'lecKoro 3nopoBbR. OCHOBH0e lJ<e BHHMaHHe Ha COBemaHHH B TaM!lepe l'.I.IJIO yneneHo aHBJIJ.!3Y poJIJ.! H <llYHKJ..0-n'I OpHran no oxpaHe nCHJG-NecKOro 3nopo111,R, neA=B~HX B paMKax CHCTeM nepBH'lHOO Me,llHKO-CaHHTBPHOH nOMOMH, npH 9TOM npeHMyme=BeHHOMy paCCMOTpeHHIO Ob!JIJ.! nonaeprHYTII BOnpoCbl , Kaca~mHecR B03MOll<Hl,IX nyreA OKa3aHHR coneACTBHR CO CTOp0Hbl cneUHaJIJ.!=OB B oO.naCTif ncHJG-NecKoro 3.DOP0BbR paOoTHHKaM nepBH'lHOH Me,llHKO-CBHHTBPHOH nOMOIIIH. BbU!H TBKll<e pacCMOTpeHl,I BOCTpOCbl HX Henocpen=BeHHoro yqaCTHR Ha KOMMYHBJ!bHOM ypoBHe B paOoTe rpynn caMonOMOIIIH H npyrnx .noOpoBOJlbHl,IX YtipelJ<neHHA, BHOCRMHX CBOA BKJian B neRTeJ!bHOCTb no oxpaHe nCHJG-NecKoro 3nopo111,R HaCeJieHW!. PaOoTa CCBemaHHR npoxo.mma B .I!YXe AJIMa-ATHHCKOO neKJiapaUHH, nocBRmeHHOO eonpocaM nepBH'lHOH MeJlHl(O-CBHHTBPHOH nOMOMH, ,OeKJiapaUHH, B KOTOpoH ccnepll<HTCR npH3WB KO BCeM rocyreP=BaM - 'lJ!eHaM 003 paOoTaTb B HBnpaBJieHHH pa3BHTHR cnylltO OMOl, BK= CJ!Yll</'.l,i oxpaHW nCHJG-NecKoro 3nopo111,R. nHCKYCCHR BBHny pa3Hoo0pa3HR ueneA H 3anB'l PaOo<ieA rpymlbl, a TBKll<e OoJ!bmoro 'lHCJia BCTYITHTeJ!bHblX BWCTYTIJieHJ-M, pa0o'IJ1X noKyMeHTOB H HCXO= MaTepHaJIOB , B xone COBemaHHR 3aTparnaamia, MHOrne BOnpoCbl. Hx MOll<HO l'.I.IJIO Obi crpynnHpOBaTb B 'leTblpe OCHOBJ-!ble pa3nena. OOmaR nOJIHTHKa H o praHH3BUHR OcHOBHaR ueJ!b 3BKJTIO'lBeTCR B oOecne<ieHHH .DOCTYTIB K CJIYll<oaM OxpaHl,I nCHXH<iecKoro 3nopo111,R MBKCHMaJ!bHO B03MOll<HOro 'lHCJia JTIOneH nyTeM pa3~RCHeHHR Bcex nOTeHUHaJlbHl,IX nyTeH y=aHOBJleHHR KOHTBKTOB B paMKax CH=eMbl OMOl . nepBwA KOHTaKT B CH=eMe oxpaHl,I nCHXH'leCKoro 3nopoBbR MOll<eT OblTb ocyme=BJieH Ha CJiellY]OmHX 'leTWpeX ypoBHRX: Ha ypoBHe cneUHam1=a CJIYll<O OXpaHl,I nCHXH'lecKoro 3.DOp0BbR, BKJTIO'laR =atlHOHapHoe oOc:JlylJ<HaaHHe B Y'{pell<neHHRX OoJ!bHH'lHOro npo<l>HJIR; Ha ypoBHe cneUHa.JJH3HPQBaHHblX ueHTPQB no Mec-ry mTeJ!bCTBa, HarlPHMep, B !1CHXOHeBpoJIOrH<ieCKHX .micnaHcepax; B paMKaX oOmeA npaKTHKH HJJH B Me,llHKO-CaHHTBPHWX ueHTPBX B paMKax CH=eMw OMOl; H B paMKax caMonOMOIIIH HJIH neRTeJ!bHOCTif noOpoBOJlbHl,IX YtipelJ<neHJ-M no MecTY ==aa. Open=aBJIReTCR BaJICHblM Ha JTIOOoM ypoBHe oOecne'lHTb MHHHMaJ!bHO HE!OOXO,llHMOe coneACTBHe, KOTOpoe n03 BOJTHJIO 1'.1.1 naUHeHTY H 'lJ!eHaM ero ceMbH CCXpaHHTb He3aBHCHMOCTb H caMOYBall<eHHe . a Psychiatry and primary medical care: report on a Wo rking Gr oup. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Of fice for Europe, 1973 ( Heony6nHKOBaHHblH )CIOKYMeHT EURO 54271). - 126 - XapaKTep nepooro KOHTaKTa CaMhle pa3111NHble BOnpochl 3a,llal()TCR no 3TOMY nDBO.IIY: KTO H C KeM ,llO.IIJl<eH H.llTH Ha nepBb!A KOHTaKT, r,lle OH .llO.IIJl<eH npoHCXO,llHTb H KaKOBa ero uem,? TIPH3HaBaR ~HOCTb nepeoro KOHTaKTa MeJIUIY paOoTHHKaMH ,lleHCTBYJOIIIJ.1X CJ!Yl(O H JIHUaMJ-1, ~MaJOIIIJ.1MJ-ICR 3a nOMOlllbJO, lieOOXO,llHMO ~JIJO,lla'I'b MaKCHMa.TII,HbJH TaKT B ycraHOBJ!eHHH JIH'lIBl,IX B3aHMOOTHOllleHHH C Uem,Jll ,llOCTHMeHHR HaHOonee OnaronpHRTHOro pe3y.T1I,TaTa . 8 3TOO CBR3H po.TII, cneUHaJIH3HpQBaHHblX c~O OxpaHhl nCHXHqecKoro 3.llOPOBbR 3aK11JOqaeTCR B PYKOBO,llCTBe ,lleRTe.TII,HOCTblO paOoTHHKOB TIMCIT H B OKa3aHHH HM Heo0XO,llHMOro CO,lleHCTBHR npH nepBOM KOHTaKTe C naUHeHTOM. CocraB H cj)yHKUHH OpHra,ll no oxpaHe ncHx=ecKoro 3,llOpQBbR H nepBJ.NHOH Me,llHKO--CaHHTapHOH nOMOMH <l>YHKUHH H1IH o0R3aHHOCTH KaM,llOro flPO<l)ee,;HOHa.TII,HOro HJIH Henpc¢eccHOHa.T1I,HOro paOoTHHKa, BXO,lllllllero B =aB 0pHra,llhl , oope,lle11RJOT B03MOMHblH ee =as. OObNHo B Hee BXO.llHT rpynna cneJ.IHaJIHCTOB, paOoTaJOMHX B TecHOM KOHTaKTe, a TaKMe PR.ll .llPYrHX mru, yqacreyJOmHX B pa~ B TeX cnyqaRX, Korre 3TOro TpeOyioT oO=ORTeJ'lI,CTBa . Kpal'!He ~M RBIIReTCR oOecneqeHHe paBHOro craTYca ,ll1IR scex 'VleHOB OpHrB.ll no oxpaHe nCH~ecKoro 3.llopoBbR. KaJl.llaR OpHra.aa .llOJl)J(Ha pa3pa0oTaTb coO=Bel-fHYl() npoue.llYPY npoBe,lleHHR KOHcy.TII,TaUHH MeJIUIY ee qneHaMJ-1, a TaKMe MeXaHH3M ,ll1IR pemeHHR B03HHKaJOMHX npoOneM H BbITTOJ!HeHHR Tex HJlH HHblX cneUHa.TII,HhlX 3a.naq. 8 cnyqae, ecIIH B paOoTe Ha pa3JIH'lIBl,IX ypoBHRX 38,lleACTBOBaHO Oo.TII,llJOe =cJIO mru, HeoOXO.llHMa pa3pa0oTKa KOMMyHHKaUHOHHbJX CHCTeM , 003BO11RIOIIIJ.1X H30eMaTb HeHY)J(HOro .IIYO11HpoBaHHR ycHIIHA, nyraHHl.lhl H Hey.naq B paOoTe. TIO.llroTOBKa Ka,llpoB H HayqHbJe HCCJ!e,llOBaHHR ~IIR oOecneqeHHR TaKOH paOoTbJ HeoOXO,llHMa opraHH3aUHR no,llrOTOBKH B oOmHHe C npHMeHeHHeM HaHOoJ!ee H3BeCTHblX MeTO,llOB, Tpa,llHUHOHHO HcnO.TII,3yeMblX B ncHXHaTpHqecKHX Oo.TII,HHUaX HJIH nCHXHaTP-ecKHX ar.lleJ!eHHRX J)<iliOHHblX Oc).TII,HHU. TaKaR nO,llroTOBKa nO3BOJIHJ!a Ohl noTeHUH8.TII,HbJM qneHaM Op1<ra,ll no oxpaHe ncHX-ecKOro 3,llOpQBbR npol'ITH HeoOXO,llHMoe oOyqeHHe B cocraee OpHra,llhl. UeJIH no,llrarOBKH ,llOJIJ(Hl,J 3aKJIJ0qaTbCR He TO.TII,KO B npHoOpeTeHHH HeoOXO,llHMhlX TeXH-ecKHX 3HaHHl'I, HOH B YTBeplK,lleHHH Heo0XO,llHMOro arttomeHHR K ,lleny CO CTCpQHhl yqamHXCR, B pa3BHTHH coarBeTCTBYJOJllero 3MOUHOH8.TII,HOro HaCTpoR H B npHoOpeTeHHH OCHOBHblX HaBbJKOB PYKOBO,llCTBa paOoTOH, B qacrHOCTH , HaBbJKOB nOCTaHOBKH nepBOOqepe,llHhlX 3a.naq, onpe,lleneHHR H HCnQ.TII,3OBaHHR HMeJOmHXCR pecypcoB . 8 3TOM ,lleJ!e Be.llYJllaR pQ.TII, npHHa,llJleMHT coarBeTCTBYIOlllHM ar,lleneHHRM B yttHBepcHTeTax H .llPYrHX yqeOHblX 3aBe,lleHHRX. O,llHaKO HX ,lleRTe.TII,HOCTb ,llOJLTila Ohl'I'b Oo11ee opHeHTHpoBaHHOH Ha oOmHHY, npH 3TOM Heo0XO,llHMO oOecne"™Tb HX Henocpe,llCTBeHHoe yqacrHe B yqeOHbJX nporpaMMax. pacc=TaHHbJX Ha ocymeCTBJ!eHHe B paMKax CHCTeMbl m!OT. OcHOBHOH ynop B HayqHblX HCCJ!e,llOBaHHRX ,llOJ!MeH ,lleJ!aTbCR He TO.TII,KO Ha 3ITH,lleMHOJ!Or=eCKHe pa3pa0oTKH KaK TaKOBbJe, opHeHTHpQBaHHbJe Ha onpe,lleJ!eHHe npeoOna,naJOMHX ypoBHel'I HapymeHHH H T. ,ll., HO H Ha pa3pa0oTKY noKa3aTenel'I H3MeHeHHH Me,llHKO-CaHHTapHblX napaMeTpoB , KarOpbJe 3aTeM MOrJIH Ohl'I'b HcnO.T1I,3oeaHb1 npH oueHKe .llel'ICTBYJOMHX cnyMO. BhlBO,llhl H peKOMeH,llaUHH 8 XO.Ile .llHCKYCCHH Ha coeemaHHH ObJIIH pa3paOoTaHbl CJJe,llYJOIIIJ.1e OCHOBHble npHHUHrn,1: 1) ,lleRTe.TII,HOCTb no YKpen11eIDOO n=ecKoro 3,llDpoBbR RBIIReTCR O,llHHM H3 Ba)J(HeHllJHX KOMnOHeHTOB nepBJ.NHOH Me,llHKO--CaHHTapHoA nOMOIIIJ.1; 2) .lleueHTpaJJH3aUHR c~O oxpaHbl nCH=ecKoro 3.llOpQBbR HMeeT nepeocreneHHoe 3HaqeHHe .ll1IR oOecneqeHHR HX HanpaBneHHOCTH Ha Y.llOBJ!eTBOpeHHe narpeOHOCTeH HaceneHHR no MecTY paOoTbJ H m-tTeJibCTsa ; 3) B JIJOOoM =yqae HeoOXO,llHMO .lloOHBaTbCR oOecneqeHHR MHHHMa.TII,HOro Y]JOBHR npe,llOCTaBJ!ReMoro oOCJ!ygHBaHHR B coarBeTCTBHH C narpeOHOCTRMJ-1 HaceneHHR H BO3MOMHOCTRMH KaK OT,lle.TII,HhlX JIHU, TaK H o01lJHHbl B UeJIOM, TaKOH nO.llXO,ll nO3BO11HT coxpaHHTb caMOYBBMeHHe H arBeTCTBeHHOCTb naUHeHTOB 3a ceOR H CBoe Oy .llYlllee; H 4) HaBblKH ITpaKT-ecKOH ,lleRTe.TII,HOCTH H pecypcbl B oOnacrH oxpaHhl nCH=ecKoro 3,llOpQBbR ,llOJDDibl Ob1Tb TecHhlM o0pa3OM HHTerpHpQBaHbl B CHCTeMhl nepBINHOH Me,llHKO--CaHHTapHOO nOMCIIIH H COUH811I,HOro oOecneqeHHR B ueJIRX opraHH3aUHH oOyqeHHR, no.ll.lleplll<H H KOHcy.TII,TaUHl'I. 1. CoarBeTCTBYJOMaR opraHH3aUHR H ocymecrBJ!eHHe nepooro KOHTaKTa HrpaJOT BaMHel'lmyio po.rn, B oOecneqeHHH B nOCJle.llYIOmeM BblCOKOro Y]JOBHR Y.llOBJ!eTBOpeHHR narpe0Hocre8 KaK ar,lleJ'lI,HhlX ceMeA, TaK H oOmHHhl B ue11OM. - 127 - 2. Bpatlii oOmero npcxj)HJIFI, (j)H3HOnorH-KJIHHHUHCThl H paOO'rHHKH COUHa.llbHblX cJIY)l(O, He,!lOCTaTO'4HO Y'{aCTBYIOll!l-fe B HaCTORmee epeMR B npouecce npHHRTHR perueHID°I Ha Oonee BblCCKOM ypoBHe' ,!]Qnlnibl CTHMYJTHp()ean,cR K noHCKY (j)opM y'laCTHR npe,!lCTaBHTeneA HX npo(j)eccHfl B ,!leRTe.llbHOCTII npaBHTe.llbCTBeHHblX opraHOB C TeM, 'IToObl HX 3HaHHR H nOTeHUHa.llbHble B03MOlltHOCTH Ob1JTH HCCTO.llb3OBaHbl npH nnaHHpoBaffiM ,!leRTe.llbHOCTH cnyY«O oxpal-lbl nCHXJ-1'-lecKOr'O 3,!JOp()BbR H nepBH'IHGI Me.llJ,IKO-CaHHTapHOO nOMO!!IH. 3 . COBMecTHaR paOora Ha ,!leMOKpaTH'leCKHX Ha'lanax B OpHra,!le 1lMCJl He O3Ha'!aeT 3aOeeHHR CTpaKTHKH HCCTO.llb3OBaHHR HH.llHBH,llya.llbHblX npo(j)ecCHOHaJlbHblX 3HaH10! 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Cne,!JOBano Obi TaKllte H3yqHTh B 9TOH CBR9H BOOMOlltHOCTH Y'{aCTHR cpe,!lCTB MaCCOBOH HH(j)opMaUHH B peaJJHsaUHH nporpaMM caHHTapHoro npoceemeHHR. H Taxoro 6 . .ilJIFI aKTHBH3aUHH MeponpHRTHH no oxpaHe nCHXH'leCKOro 9,!lopoBbR B paMKax nepBH'4HOro Me,!lHKO- caHHTapHoro oOcnyJJHBaHHR peKOMeH,llyeTCR YBR9WBaTh MeponpHRTHR, QCymeCTBJIReMble Ha HaUHOHa.llbHOM MeJlt.llYHap(),!lHOM ypoBHRX, npH HaJIH'IHH esaHMHOH pe!IIHMOCTII H 3aHHTepeCCBaHHOCTII B HX npoee,!leHHH. po.oa CBR3H yllte cymecTeyIOT B paMKax nporpaMM OXpaHbl nCHXH'lecKoro 3,!JOp()BbR H oxpaHbI 9,!JOp()BbR npecTapenwx, 9KOHOMHKH 3,!lpaBOOXpaHeHHR H HCnO.llb9OBaHHR neKapcTBeHl-lblX cpe,!lCTB, CHCTeM Me,!lHKO- CaHHTapHOH HH(j)opMaUHH, a TaKllte B paMKaX oOmeHaUHOHanbHblX nporpaMM no npcxj)HnaKTHKe >CpOHH'leCKHX saOoneeaHHH . EeponeilcKHH CHMrI03HYM no OoPbOe C norpeOneHHeM aJTKOrOJlR ITapHJI(, 7-10 HIOHR 1983 ro.na 1 . Bse.neHHe - 128 - ICP/MNH 027(1)(S) 0665A 22 HJOJtR 1983 roiia OPliffiHAJI: AHrm1ilarnff J)aHHb1A CHMn03HYM .nan B03M0ll(HOCTb ero Y'{aCTHHKaM oOoOmlITb pe3ym,TaTbl npoee.neHHR B nocne.nHee BpeMR uenoro PR.na MeponpHRTJ.!A, ocymecTBneHHblX Eepa-ieACKHM pernoHaJlbHhlM OH>po caMOCTORTeJlbHO HJIH B COTPY.llHH'fecTBe co ll!Ta0-KBaPTHpoA 003. Ha coeemaHHH Ol,JJTH al>oPMYnHJ:" 3aHhl npe,nnogeHl-fR OTHOCl-!TeJlbHO .llaJlbHeAmeA .neRTeJlbHOCTH Ha HaUHOHaJlbHOM H Mell(.nyHapO,llHOM Y!JOBHRX. Ha CHMr!03HYMe npHCYTCTBOBaJTH, 50 Y'{aCTHHKOB, npe.ncraBJlRBIIII-OC 21 =Pa-HY H pa3nJ.NHhle Mell'JlpaBHTeJlbCTBeHHhle H HenpaBHTeJlbCTBeHHhle MeJ1tJJYHapo,llHb1e opraHH3aUHH. 8 HX <rncne Obtm! 3KOHOMHCTbl, COUHOflOrH, PYKOBO.nRIIIHe .neRTeJTH 3.npaeooxpaHeHHR, ncHXHaTOJJbl H ne.narorn. CymeCTBetfHYIO pcm, B npoee.neHHH CHMr!03HYMa Cb!I'pan DHEX:KO. 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PaOoqaJI rpynna no OxpaHe ncHXH'lecKOl"O 3.llDPOBbR H nCHXOCOUHaJU,HOMY pa3BHTHIO ,lleTeH ~encf)aH, 30 OKTROpR - 5 HOROpR 1983 ro.oa - 135 - ICP /MNH 065( l) (S) 0806A 1 7 <!)eapann 1984 ro.na OPl1IBHAfl: AHI'JIH~IO!i1 B OCHOBY paOon,i COBel!laHH/1 OWJ nono.iteH ,llOKna.n KOMHTeTa SKcnePTOB B03 no oxpaHe ncHJCHqea<oro 3.llOPDBbR H nCHXOCOUHaJU,HOMY pa3BHTHIO ,neTeiia, a TaK.ite MaTepHaJlhl nocne.llYICIIIHX MegpernOHaJU,HhlX npoeKTOB H MeponpHRTHH, HanpaBneHHhlX Ha co,neii=BHe OxpaHe nc=ea<oro 3.llOPDBbR .neTeH H HX nCHXOCOUHanbHOMY Pa3BHTHIO KaK O,llHOH H3 nepBooqepe,llHhlx 3a,naq ,neRTenbHo=H B rocy.naP=Bax-qneHax. B paOoTe coaemaHHR npHHRnH yqacTHe 16 npe.n=aBHTeneii 10 cTpaH EBpom,. PaOoqa11 rpynna =aBHJla CBOeii uenb~ oueHKy coapeMeHHoro COCTORHHR ,nen B oOnaCTH oxpaHhl nc=ea<oro 3.llDPOBbR .neTeii H HX nCHXOCOUHanbHOl"O pa3BHTHR B CTpaHax PernoHa, a TaK.ite nocTaHOBKY 3a,naq no COBel)IIleH=BOB- paOoni B STOH oOnacTH. 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I'naBHhlMH npHqHHaMH 3aOoneaaeMOCTH RBJIRIOTCR yp0aHH3auHR H Te CTPecCOBble CHTYaUHH, KOTOpt,le B03HHK~ acne,nCTBHe Hee B paMKax TpaJlHUHOHHOro YKna.oa ceMeiiHoii -3HH. K q1-1cny .JlPYrHX ~aKTOpoB, paccMaTPHBaeMblX B =cne HaHOonee BagHl,IX npHqHH, cne,nyeT OTHecTH Bl>ICOKHH ypoaeHb Pa3BO,llOB, HaPYl!leHHR ceMeHHblX OTHcmeHHii, HOCRmHe XPOH=ecKHii xapaKTep, Hey,oaqH B yqeOe, ~H3=ea<1-1e pac=poii=aa, noapeg,neHHR M03ra, Hey,noaneTBopHTenbHhle COUHaJU,HO-SKOHo=ea<He ycnoaHR H nnoxoe nHTaHHe. B MaTepHanax Hccne.noaaHHii OW!a paCCMOTpeHa CTPYKTYPa oOPa30BaHHR, a TaK.ite CTPYKTYPbl Me,IIHKO-CaHHTapHhlX H COUHaJU,HhlX cnygO B Pa3nHqH1,1X =DaHax. B ~gHl,IX H BOCTQqHl,IX =DaHax PerHoHa OCHOBHOH npoOneMoii RBnReTCR He,nocTaTOK pecypcoa, cnyxO H COOTBeT=BylQdHM 00Pa30M nO,lll"OTOBneHHblX Ka,llpoB. B ceaepHhlX H 3aITa,llHhlX CTpaHax OCHOBHOH npoOneMOH RBnReTCR He,llOCTaTOK Koop,llHHaUHH ,neRTenbHOCTH Pa3nHqHl,IX cnygO H Heo0XO,llHMOCTb paspaOoTKH nOnHTHKH B oOnacTH OxpaHhl nCHXH'lecKOl"O 3 .llOPDBbR ,neTeii. Bo Bcex yqa=aoBaBIIIHX B HCcne.noBaHHH =pal-lax OTMeqeHO HepaBHOMepHoe pacnpe,neneHHe ,lleHCTBYlQdHX cny.itO B paMKaX HecKOnbKHX oOna=eii ,neRTenbHOCTH. ~oKna.Ill>I no pa3nl-!qHl,IM acneKTaM Me.11HKo-caHHTapHoro 3aKOHo,naTenb=aa, Ka~erOCR ,neTeii, BCKPblnH HanH~e 3Haql-!TenbHblX pa3n~ Mex,llY =DaHaMH B STOH oOnaCTH. 0 Ka3an0Cb, =o 3Ha-TenbHaJI qaCTb 3 aKOHO,llaTenbHblX aKTOB, no KpaHHeH Mepe B HeKOTOp,!X CTpaHax, HHKOl",lla He Ohlna npeTBOpeHa B -3Hb HnH .ite HCnOnbsoaanaCb JIHlllb <1aCTH'!Ho, rnaBHhlM o0Pa30M, Bcne,ncTBHe He,no=aTKa pecypcoa. c .npyroii =DPOHbl, B HE!KOTOPhlX CTpaHax BBH,ny onpe,neneHHhlX np~ Pa3paOoTKa 3aKOHO,llaTenbHhlX nono.iteHHii OTCTaaana OT Pa3 BHTHR COUHaJU,HblX cny.itO. a CepHR TeXHH'!ecKHX ,llOKJJa,llOB 803, 1977, N! 613 (OxpaHa n=ea<oro 3.llOPDBbR H nCHXOCOUHaJU,Hoe Pa3BHTHe .neTeii: ,no,rna.n KOMHTeTa SKcnePTOB B03) - 136 - B ,llOKJla,llaX no BOnpocaM no.oroTOBKH Ka.rtPOB ,llaBaJJaCh xapaKTepHCTHKa MaOl!Ta(X)B ne,oarOnNecKOH .oeRTe.JlbHOCTH, ocymecTBJlfleMOH pa(X)THHKaMH c.nyJKt:5 oxpaHbl ncHXJ.NeCKoro 3.oopom,F1, a TaKJKe co.oepJKaHHe Y'{et:5HblX nporpaMM B 9TOH OOJJaCTH, HCnOJ!b3yeMbJX llPH no.oroTOBKe npeno,oaBaTeJ!bCKOro COCTaBa, Me,llHlJI-IHCKHX ceCTep, CTY.OeHTOB Me,llHlJI-IHCKHX By-30B, ne,llHaTPOB H T.,ll. ABTOPbl ,llOKna.ooB llPHXO.llflT K El,!B0.IlY O TOM, 'ITO B C5oJn,JIIHHCTBe Y'{et:5HblX nporpaMM ecTeCTBeHHHblM HX KOMnOHeHTOM flBJlfllOTCfl BOfll)Oa,I nCHXOnOOffl pe(5eHKa, 0,llHaKO Y'{et:5Hoe BpeMfl, W,lleJlfleMoe Ha npopat:5on<y 9TOro MaTepHana, Hepe,llKO ~BaeT He.oocTaTO'ffibJM. KpoMe TOro, B HeKOTOPblX CTpaHaX OTCYTCTBYIOT OT,lleneHHf! ncHXHaTPHH H ncHXOnOOffl pet:5eHKa B aKa,lleMW-lecKHX Y'fpel!t,lleHHf!X. ABTOPbl ,llOKna,llOB llPHXO,llflT K BblBO.llY O TOM, 'ITO npaKT!NecKH noBceMecTHO Heot:5XO,llHMO cymecTBeHHblM 00Pa30M noBblCHTb ypoBeHb no.oroTOBKH pa(X)THHKOB nepBINHblX CJTYl!tt:5 no oxpaHe nCHX!NeCKoro 3,llOpoBbfl ( KaK ,lla<TOpoB, TaK H Me,llHlJI-IHCKHX CecTep). HecMOTPfl Ha 3Ha<rnTeJ!bHble YCHnHfl no npoae.oeHHJO cneUHaJ!bHblX Hccne.ooaaHHH a crpaHax, y'<aCTHHKH COBe111aHHF1 e,llHHO.llYll!HO OTMeTHJIH uenecoo(5pa3HOCTb QCylllecTBneHHOro 9KCnepHMeHTa. no MHeHHIO Pa(X)qei:i f"Pynrn,J, PerHoHaJ!bHOMY t:5mpo cne.oyeT co.oeHCTBOBaTb npoae.oeHHJO TaKoro po.oa cneUHaJ!bHblX Hccne.ooaaHHi:i BO Bcex crpaHax PerHoHa. nocTaHOBKa uenei:i ,llJ1FI oocyl!t,lleHHf! ueneH B ot:5naCTH oxpaHbl ncHX!NecKOf"O 3,llopoBbfl ,lleTeH H nCHXOCOUHaJ!bHOro Pa3BHTHFI Pa(X)'lafl rpynna pa,rnna OCHOBHoe BHHMaHHe y,llenHTb TpeM f"JlaBHblM BOnpocaM: ,lleHCTBYltllIHe CJTYl!tObl H npol>HnaKTH'lecKaf! pa(X)Ta, m . roTOBKa Ka.rtPOB H Hay'lHble Hccne.ooaaHHf! . .lleHCTBYlllllHe CJIYl!tW H npol>HJJa.KTH'lecKaf! pa(X)Ta ,llJ1fl paccMOTpeHHfl nepBOO'lepe,llHblX 3a,lla'l no paCIIIHpeHHIO .oeHCTBYlllllHX c.nyl!tt:5 H aKTHBH3aUHH npol>HnaKTH'lecKOH pat:50Tbl Y'{aCTHHKH COBelllaHHfl HCTTOJ!b30BanH TOT nnaH pat:50Tbl, KOTOIJ!,IH wn npe.onolKeH Ha npoXO,llHBJlleH B 1978 r. B AnMa-ATe, CCCP, Mel!t.llYHaPD.llHOH KOI-Jl>epeHUHH no nepBH'lHOH Me,llHKO-CaHHTapHOH noMaitH. no MHeHHJO Paoo'leH, rpynrn,J npoOneMbl B oonaCTH oxpaHbl nCHX!NecKoro 3.oopom,f! .OeTeft, a TaKJKe TPY.llHOCTH HX ncHXOCOUHaJ!bHOro Pa3BHTHFI He MOryT WTb PeJlleHbl nHlllb t:5naro,oapfl YCHnHFIM cneUHanH3HpoBaHHblX c.nyl!tt:5. Heot:5XO,llHM KOMnneKCHblH no.oxo.o K pa,ieHHJO CTOflJIIHX npoOneM, npe.oyCMaTPHBalllllHH COBMecTHble YCHnHFI Pa3n!NHblX ceKTopoB: ceKTOpa ooyqeHHf!, lKHnHJIIHOro CTpoHTeJ!bCTBa, C'OUHaJ!bHOro ooecneqeHHfl, 3aKOHO,llaTeJ!bCTBa H nepBH'lHOH Me,llHKO-CaHHTapHOH nOMOIIIH. npH 9TOM nepBOO'lepe,llHoe 3Ha'leHHe HMeeT ooecne'leHHe KOOP.llHHaUHH H CBfl3eH Ha pa3nH'lHb!X ypoBHFIX Mel!t.llY pa3nH'!HhJMH yqpel!t,lleHHf!MH H cny;,;(5aMH, aKTHBHO pat:50TalllllHMH B YKa3aHHblX ot:5nacTf!X. npH pacCMQTPeHHH B03MOl!tHOCTeH opra.HH3aUHH paHHero Bblf!BneHHf! H npol>HnaKTHKH 3a(X)neaaHHH WnH onpe.oeneHhl TPH cne.llYlllllHe ypoBHfl pa(X)Tbl. 0C5b!HH ypoBeHb: .oef!Te.JlbHOCTb Ha 9TOM ypoBHe npe,!ll1onaraeT npoae.oeHHe npo:l>HnaKTH'leCKHX MeponpHIITHH, HanpaBneHHblX B OCHOBHOM Ha H3MeHeHHe oopa3a lKH3HH H Henpol>ecCHOHaJ!bHOro Me,llHlJI-IHCKOro ot:5c.nyJKHBaHHf!. no MHeHHIO yqaCTHHKOB COBelllaHHfl, .llJ1fl OPf"a.HH3aUHH pa(X)Tbl B 9TOM HanpaBneHHH t:5blno (5b( uenecoo(5Pa3HO HCnOJ!b30BaTb TeneBH,lleHHe, Pa.llHO H .opyr1-1e cpe,llCTBa MaCCOBOH HI-fl>OPMaUHH, a TaKl!te B03MOlKHOCTH OOY'{eHHf! yqeHHKOB CTaPIIIHX KJlaCCOB cpe,llHHX JIIKon. YpoBeHb nepBH'lHOf"O H BTOPH'lHOro ot:5cJIYllHBaHHfl: Ha 9TOM ypoBHe .oeflTeJ!bHOCTb pa3nH'lHb!X CHCTeM H Y"Pel!t,lleHHH, B 'laCTHOCTH Me,llHKO-CaHHTapHhJX ueHTpoB, .oeTCKHX ca.ooB, IIIKOn H COUHaJ!bHhlX cnyl!tt:5 n03BOJlfleT ooecne'lHTb paHHee El,[f!BneHHe 3at:5oneaaHHH. B 9TOH CBfl3H yqaCTHHKH COBelllaHHfl no,ll'lePKHYnH, 'ITO IIIKOnbl f!BJlflJOTCfl e.oHHCTBeffill,IMH Y'fpel!t,lleHHRMH, r.oe QCylllecTBJlfleTCf! oxaaT Beere .oeTCKoro HaceneHHfl H, cne.ooaaTeJ!bHO, HMeeTCfl B03MOl!tHOCTb ooecne'lJ-ITb paHHee El,[f!BneHHe KaKHX-nH(X) HapymeHHH 3,llOpoBI,f!. YpoBeHb TPeTH'lHoro Me,llHKO-CaHHTapHoro ot:5c.nyllHBaHHfl: Ha 9TOM ypoBHe, no MHeHHm Y'{aCTHHKOB I'pyrnn.J, KpaHHe HeOOXO,llHMO npoBeCTH oueHKy CHCTeM o(5c.nyJKHBaHHfl B ,lleTCKHX yqpel!t,lleHHf!X H onpe,llenHTb Te CHCTeMbl 0Ka3aHHf! nOMO!dH, KOTOIJ!,le JTY'lllle Beere co.oeHCTBYIOT nCHXOCOUHaJ!bHOMY pa3BHTHm ,lleTeH. no.orOTOBKa Ka,llpoB PacCMaTPHBafl n0Tpe(5HOCTH B nO.OrOTOBKe Ka,llpOB, Paooqaf! rpynna HCTTOJ!b30BaJJa nonoJKeHHfl, H3nOJKeHHble B Pa3.oene o no.orOTOBKe Ka,llpOB B ynOMf!HyTOM Bblllle TeXHH'lecKOM ,llOKna.oe B03. Ha COBelllaHHH o.ino no,ll'lePKHYTO, 'ITO oxpaHa ncHX!NeCKoro 3,llOpoBbfl ,lleTeH, B nepBym O'lepe.llb, f!BJlfleTCfl 3a,lla'leH ceMbH H po,llHTeneH. B 9TOH CBfl3H nepBOCTeneHHoe BHHMaHHe cne.oyeT y.oenHTb MepQnpHf!THf!M B ot:5naCTH CaHHTapHoro llPOCBellleHHfl. Pa(X)qaf! rpynna onpe.nen1-1na OCHOBHble KOMnOHeHTbl CaHHTaPHOro npocBellleHHfl B OOJlaCTH oxpaHbl nCHXH'leCKOro 3,llOpoBI,fl ,lleTeH H HX nCHXOCOUHaJ!bHOf"O Pa3BHTHF1. - 13 7 - B uenoM Oblna arMeqeHa HeoOXO.IIHMOCTh cymec-rBeHHoro paa1111peHW1 nonraroBKH HepaOoTaK111tero c AeTI>MH nepcOHana no oxpaHe ncu=eCKoro 3AOPQBb.R, K<YrCJPblH ynen.Rer HeOo.llb111yJO qaCTb cooero BpeMeHH BonpocaM OJCpaHl,I ncH=eCKoro 3AOPoBbff neTeH. YqaCTHHJ<H COBe!JlaHHff npHl!lnH K BhlBOAY O TOM, = cneUHanHCI'bl B oOnacTH oxpaHbl ncuxuqecKoro 3AQP0Bhff nereA HMelO'r nyqmyJO nonroToBKY, O.llHaKo 0111Y111aerc.R HenocraTOK KQOP.IIHHaUHH YCHnHH B cneUHa.llbHhlX oOnaCT.RX. PaOoqaff rpynna peKOMeHnoBana pa3~M npo(j)ecCHOHa.llbHblM cpraHH3aUH.RM B K<UCnoH crpaHe, 3aHHMaKl!lHMCff no=BKOH KaJlPOB, OnpeAenHTb HH.llHBHAYa.llbHO HnH COBMecTHO pa3=e 3=qu B oOnaCTH OJCpaHl,I ncuxuqeCJ<oro 3.00PQBhff nereH, KCYrOPhle cneAYeT pemHTb a paMKax TOH HnH HHOH meUHa.llbHOCTH . nocne nOC'raHOBKH KOHKpeTHhlX 33Aaq B cneUHa.llbHblX oOnaCT.RX npencraan.ReTC.R uenecooOpa3HhlM npHCTYnHTh K onpeneneHHID OnTHMa.llbHhlX nyTeH opraHH3aUHH COCYrBeTCTBYKllleH nonroTOBKH. HayqHble uccnenoBaHH.R ,U1u1 aHanH3a nepBOOqepe.llHhlx 3aAaq HaY'{Hb1x uccnenoBaHHH PaOoqa.R rpynna HcnO.llb3OBana coneplltaIIIHAc.R B QTqe'J'ax npe.llhlAYIIIHX COBell!aHHH nnaH, pa3pa0oTaHHhlJ:i Ha MelltJ)erHOHa.llbHOM paOoqeM COBemaHHH no oxpaHe ncuxuqeCJ<oro 3nopoBbff nereH H BOnpocaM nCHXOCOUHa.llbHOro pa3BHTWI, npoxonHBllleM B 1982 rOAY B A<f)HHaX, a TaKlle a xone npoxo,11HB111ero B 1983 r. B BamHHr=He CneUHa.llbHoro coae111aHH.R , non5eprmero paccMarpeHHJO OHXeBHOpa.llbHble acneKTbl, a TaKlle acneKTbl , CBff3aHHble C oxpaHOH ncuxuqeCJ<oro 3.00PQBbff neTeH npH Me,IIHKO-CaHHTaPHOM oOcnyllHBaHHH, ocoOeHHO, npH OxpaHe 3nopom,.R MaTepH H peOeHKa. no MHeHHIO yqaCTHHKOB COBel!laHHff, B pa3HhlX rocynaPCTBaX-qnei,ax HMeeTCff pa3nuqH1,1e narpeOHQC'rH. B KallnOH crpaHe nonllHhl OblTb pa3paOoTaHbl COOTBeTCTBYKXl!He MeXaHH3Mbl H CTPYKT}' :,1 , KCYrOPhle Obi n03BOnHnH o npenenRTh nepBOQqepe,!lHb1e 3=qu no ynoMeTBOpeHHJO HMeKl!IHXC.R narpeOHocreA. TaKue 33Aaqu nonllHhl pa3paOaTh1BaThCff C yqeTOM 9KOHOMuqeCJ<QH 9<f><l>eKTHBHOCTH. OpH 9TOM r!pHOPHTeT nonlleH CYr,IBBaTbCff oOl!IHM npoOneMaM H TeMaM Hay=x HccnenoBaHHJ:i, K<YrOPhle Kaca=C.R OJCpaHl,I ncuxuqecKoro 3nopom,.R acex nereil. PaOo= rpynna onpenenuna qeThlpe rnaBHble nepaooqepe.llHhle 3anaqu Hay=x HccnenoBaHHH: CTaHnaPTH3aUHff MeXaHH3MOB H MeTononOrHH o ueHKH! AnUTe.llbHhle 9nuneMHonornqeCJ<ue uccnenoBaHH.R ncu=eCKHX HapymeHHil cpe,IIH nerei:i; u3yqeHJ.1e nCHXOCOUHa.llbHblX <l>aKTOPQB H B03neJ:iCTBHff COUHa.llbHblX nepeMeH Ha ncHXHqeCJ<oe 3AOPoBbe neTeH H HX ncHXOCOUHa.llbHoe pa3BHTHe; H3yqeHHe Me,IIHKO-CaHHTapHblX cnyllO H HccnenoBaHHe nO.IIHTIIKH B oOnaCTH 3,llpaBOOxpaHeHH.R, BKJll(Jqaff H3yqeHHe oueHKH nporpaMM. PeKOMeH,IBUHH Ha cneAYKl!leM COBel!laHHH EBponeJ:icKoro oO!JeCTBa cneUHanHCTOB B o0JlaCTH ncHXHaTPHH nereJ:i H nonpocTKOB nepBOCTeneHHoe BHHMaHHe cne.izyer YAenHTb oonpocaM npol>HnaKTHKH. PeKoMeHnaUHH = npaBHTe.llbCTB 1 . OpaBHTe.llbCTBaM cneAYeT YAen.RTh Oo.llbl!lee BHHMaHHe BOnpQCaM nonroTOBKH paOoTHHKOB nMCn no BOnpocaM ncH=ecKoro 3nopom,.R nereA H ncHXOCOUHa.llbHoro pa3BHTH.R. 2. OpencraBn.ReTCff uenecoo0pa3HblM coneJ:iCTBOBaTh npoBeAeHHJO AnUTe.llbHblX 9nHneMHono.uqecKHX HccnenoBaHHH H BOnpocoB OJCpaHl,I ncuxuqeCJ<oro 3nopom,.R nereJ:i H nCHXOCOUHa.llbHOro pa3BHTW!. 3. B Oonee pa3BHThlX CTPaHax, pacnonaraKl!IHX pa3nH'-Oi!>'MH cnyllOaMH o xpaHbl n=ecKoro 3nopom,.R neTeH H nCHXOCOUHa.llbHOro pa3BHTH.R, OCHOBHoe BHHMaHHe cne.11YeT YAenHTb npoBeAeHHJO Hay=x HCcneAOBaHHH no H3yqeHHJO Me,IIHKO-CaHHTapHblX cny'/1.0 H nomrrHKH B oOnaCTH 3,llpaBOOxpaHeHH.R. 4. B P33BHBaKIIIHXC.R CTPaHax OCHOBHoe BHHMaHHe cneAYeT ynenHTh npoBeneHHID HayqHhlX HccnenoBaHHH no H3yqeHHJO ncHXOCOUHa.llbHblX <l>aKTOPoB H B03neJ:iCTBWI COUHa.llbHhlX nepeMeH Ha ncu=ecKoe 3nopom,e H ncHXOCOUHa.llbHoe pa3BHTHe AeTeJ:i. 5. CneAYeT nOOll!PffTh HCT10.llb3OBaHHe TeneBuneHWI, pa,IIHO H .opyrnx cpenCTB MaCCOBOH HH<l>OPMaUHH = noBblllleHH.R HH<l>opMHPQBaHHOCTH HaceneHH/1 no npoOneMaM oxpaHhl n=eCKoro 3nopom,.R nereJ:i. 6. CneAYeT pa3pa0oTaTb MeTO.llhl 9<1><1>eKTHBHOro MOHHTOpHHra pa3BHTH.R AeTeJ:i IIIKO.llbHOro B03paCTa. 7. HeoOXO,IIHMO nOCl!IPffTh npoaeneHHe oueHKH CHCTeM o0cnyllHBaHHff B CTaUHOHaPHhlX yqpeJlneHH.RX. PeKOMettnaUHH n= 803 1 . OpH paccMOTpeHHH oonpoca o npoBeneHHH nOCJJe.llYIOIIIHX cneUHa.llbHblX Hccne.noBaHHJ:i B CTP3Hax B03 cneAYeT nOCl!lpffTh Hcn01lb3OBaHHe Oonee crattnapTHblx <l>opM npenocraBneHWI HHl>opMaUHH no BOnpocaM nonroTOBKH Ka.opoa. - 138 - 2. npH paspaOoTKe 3a.naq B oOmcTH oxpaHbl nCHXH'!ea<0ro 3,11opoBb/l ,11e-reA B paM1Cax 3,llB2000 B03 cne,11Ye-r HCXO,IIHTb H3 HMeI<ll!HXCFI HayqHl,IX ,lla!-!HblX, a B c.nyqaruc, Kor.na O!IIY111aeTCR HeXBaTKa TaJ<Oro po,11a ,llaHHhlX, cne,11Ye-r ITOOIIIP.f!Tb pa3BHTHe HayqHl,IX HCC/le,llOBaHHH C ueJlblO nonyqeHJffl Ha,lle»!OH H TO'{HOH HHl>opMaUHH, KOTOPYIO MO!CHO ~110 ~ HCITOJlb30BaTh npH paspaOoTKe ITO.llHTHKH. 3. 803 C11e,11Ye-r CO,lleHCTBOBaTh npQBe,lleHHJO Ha perHOHallbHOM ypoBHe Me»!al.lHOHaJ!bHl,IX MeponpHJITHH B TaJ<HX oOnaCTRX, KaJ< CTaH,lla.PTH3fillH/I HCITOJlb3yeMblX MexaHH3MOB H Me'rO,llOB, nporpa)U,11,1 Me»lal.lHOHaJlbHl,IX HayqHl,IX H=ne,llOBaHHH H KYPCJ,l no.11roTOBKH B oOnaCTH opraHH3aUHH Hay=x Hccne,llOBaHHH, y,llenHB ITPH 9TOM ocoOoe BHHMaHHe ITOTPe0HOCTffM pa3BHBaJ<XJIHXCR CTpaH. - 139 - nEPBHtHW! ME.[l}IKO-CAHIITAPIWI nOMO!l(b - 141 - KoHt>epeHI.Dffl no nepBw-tHOO MeJIHKO-CaHHTapHCJil TIOMCXQH B npoMbllllneto-10 pa3BHTblX CTpa.Hax B oP.llO, 14-18 HOR0pR 1983 ro.na ICP/PHC 021 (S) 0746A 16 RHBapR 1984 ro.na OPIUWIAJ!: AHP/11,ffC!OIH B Kolfl>epeHUl1>1 OPHH1Ul>I r,aCTHe 59 npe.ncraBHTMe>i npaBHTertbCTB 26 crpa.H H 14 .neneraTOB OT HenpaBHTertbCTBeHHblX opra.HH3a..t.nffl, KOTOPb,le npe.acraBJtRJIH apat{e'1:, CTf.lleHTO&-MeJJHKOB, Me,acecTep, Mell<JJY}iaPQ.llHYIO J!Hl"Y OOll!eCTB Kpacttoro Kpecra " D-IHCE<I>- Ha Kolfl>epeHUHH Ta!U(e OJJHC)'TCTBOBaJni HaOroo.naTemi or pFt.IJa c-rpaH H npe.acrasHTe.rtH npecc,,1. CCCTORBl!laRCR B 1977 r. TPH.m.laTaR ceccHR BceMHPHOH accaMOJleH 3.apaBOOxpa.HeHH.R 3a.RBHna, tITO "ocHOBHa.R COI.IHaJibHa.R 3a.nat.1a npaBMTeJlbCTB H BceMl-fpHOO c:praHK:1aUHJ.1 3 ,IJpaBOOxpatteHHR B npeJICTOf!lttee ,nec.RTHnent:e .aOJUtHa 33KJD0q3TbCfl B ,aocnmeHJ.iH K 2000 ro,ay BCeMM nITenllMH 3eMJ1M TaKOI"O ypoBHR 3,oopom,11, KOTOPt,lH nooao.mrr HM nm, rrpQ.ltYl(THBHO B COUHa..TlbHOM H 3KOHOMINecJCOM n.naHe 11 • 8 1978 r. Ha AJIMa-Anu-t:CKOH KOHilepeHUHH (::wno pemeHO pa3BHBa'I'b MeJlHK(rCa.HMTaPHYIO TIOMCta:b B Kal.lecTBe OCHOBHO["Q cpe.aCTBa .DOCTHieHHR noc-raBJteHHoA 3anatrn:. B 1979 r. Eepcneft:CKHA pernotta.TibttiH KOMHTeT pa.3pa00Tan TIPHJilll,111h1 pa.3BHTH.fl nepaH'-0-foA MeJIHKO-Ca.HHTapttoH TTOMCt!IH a PernoHe, a a 1980 ("'. Ha paCOIQTPeHMe ceccHH PernoHaJlbHOro KOMHTeTa e ¢1ece ~na rrpe.DCTaeneHa nepea11 pernm-0.J'lbHaR c-rpaTern.fl no ,.QOCTH~e1-Gno 3 .llop0BbR )IJIII scex. B 1983 r. EsponeJlCKHH pen<OHaJlbHblH KOMHTeT o0cy.IDU1 npoeKT 3a,naq no .llOCTl!Jl<eHHIO 3.Dop0Bh.fl Jlll.fl ecex K 2000 r'OIIY, BKJDNa.fl 3a.na1.ffl, CBR3aHHble C nepeHtrnOH Me,llHKO-Ca.HHTaPHOH OOMCJ:dl:,KJ. B ro i'le epeM.fl BceMH;>Ha..R accaMOJle11 3.apasooxpatteHH.fl o.aoOpwta rnoOa.nbHble 3aJla4H, OXBaTMBa.DdMe nepHo.a ennOTb .DO 2000 ro.aa, H npQMeKYTO1.{1-li,le 3a,na'Oi Ha nepHO.D 1984-1989 rT. Cne..ayeT OTMenn'b, OJlHaKO, \{TQ He ace 3n1 3a.Ilcltot: COOTBeTCTBYlOT TeM Bec:bMa CJlOEI-IWM Cl-f'I'yal..UiflM, KOTOi:tr,le cnODiJU,fO> B npoMliJI:dneHHo pa3 BHTblX crpaHaX. Uem, CC0b1Ba Ko~epeHUHH no nepBH\IHOA MellHKO-Ca.HHTaPHoA ITOMOIDH B rrpoM&mtneto-fO pa3BHT'blX c-rpaHax COCTORJ'la B cneJl,YDG.eM: - TTOTBepJJHTb 3Hat.1eHMe A.nMa-ATHHCKOH .aeKJlapa.l.IHH KaK .aa<YMeHTa, KOTOJ:)WM cne.aye-r PYKOBO.DCTBOBaTbC.fl npo11imnetoi0 pa.3BHTWM C1,"paHa.M TIPH cnpe,aenel-GOi TTOJlHTHKH B 00.naCTif 3.DpaBOOxpaHeHHR! - TTO.DEecTH HTOMi .aewreJlbHOCTii no C0'3,aa.HHJO H pa3BHTHJO Ha.WiOHa.l'?bHblX CMCTeM nepBi-NHOH Me.DHKO-Ca.HHTapHOA TTOMCX11H, KOTOPWe ~ .[lOC"ffi'fr'IYTbl nocne KO~epeHI.n-Gt B Ame-A-re! - npoaHa.nH"3MpoB3Tb KOHKpeTl-llile TTPHMei::;w ycnemttoro BblITOJ1HeHWI ITPHHUHilOB A.nMa-ATHHCKOH .aeKnapat.n01 H onpe,ae.nH'Il> npen.fl'TC'TBK.fl, K~e ac-rpeqa.lJ'I'C.fl Ha 9TOM llYTH; - pa.3 paOCYra:n, OCHOBHble no.noaeHKR, KOTOp.ie MOXHO t::wm ew HCI10Jlb3OBaTb a xo.ae .aam,HeRlleH paOcYnl no ycHneHHJO KON"IOHeHTa nepBK'fHGI Me.DHK<reaHHT3PHCH nOWCDIH B EepaieAc«::•~ pernOHa.JlbHOH c-rpaTenm no .nocnmeHHIO 3,nopoBbR )IJIII scex K 2000 ro.ny. PaOOTa KO~epeHI..OIM npoxo.muta KaK Ha nneHapHblX sace.aaHH.RX, Tate H B paMKax .asyx C03.IJaHHblX Ha HeH rpyrm. OJXHa qacn, .aeneraroe oOcy,mf.J'la Ha1.01OKa.1lbltie c,rqerw o xo.ae BHe.npeHHR H paaBHTH.fl nepeHt.1HOO. Me,llHKO-CaHMTapHoA nOMClllH, a .apyra.11 - OCHOBHYe TIPHHI.IKIW 9TOr0 BH,Jla nOMa11H. Y1.1aC'n-lHKH Ko~epeHUHH c.aenanH PRJl EIIIBO.DOB. XOTH Ha xo.a npaKTH\ieCJCOro BOIUlCld.eHH.fl a.rtMa-anrncKHX ITPHl-ll.lKilOB 0Ka.3W:ea.n:H BJlWU-IHe :3KOHOMH1.1eco-1e, COI..Oia.Jlbltie H TTOJ'IHTINecKHe ¢1aKTOJ::W, CTpaHW .nocnt:rnH onpe,neneHl-t.lX Pe3YJlbTaTOB B TaKHX oOnacrmc, KaK HHTerpa.I..IKR. 00necrBeHHblX H t.1acTHYx c:.nyaO 3,apasooxpa.HeHHH, c.aep:nma.HHe pocra OOJlbmNl-lt,,IX pacxo.aos, nepepacnpe,neneHHe ¢1HHaHCOBbtX H J'lllJlCKHX pecypcoe B Ue.MX y .DOBneTBOpeHH.fl ITO't'PeOHOCTeR mn.J, KOT'QPble fflBYT B H30111U.IHH, mm1eHbl caMOro Heo0XO.mt:Moro, YR3BHJ61 H TTQJlHTH\,l'eCJCH Oec:rrpaBHhl, a Ta.KJ:e noJIBep["'aIOTC.fl OCo0oMY PHCKY. 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CQTPy=qecTBO Me!U!Y npGMblllJJleHHOCTbIO no npGH3BOncTBy nponyKTOB neTCKoro nHTaHHR, c OnHOH CTOPOHbl , H B03 H DIBCEcf) - c npyroA, Haqanoa, B OKTROpe 1979 rona. O.IlHaJ<O OHO npaJ<TH'{eCKH He BblXOnHT 3a paMKH B3aHMoneACTBHR co mTa0-KBaPTHPOO- B EaponeACKOM pernoHe omymaeTCR eoOXO,IDiMOCTb B paCMHpeHHH B03MOlltHOCTeA n11R nHanora C naHHOH OTpaCJll,IO npOMblllJJleHHOCTH . B paOoTe KOHcym,TaTHBHOro COBe!JlaHHR npHHRJlH yqaCTHe necRTb npencTaBHTeneA npoMb!IIIJleHHOCTH no npGH3BOnCTBY npG.llYKTOB neTCKOro nHTaHHR H3 OCHOBHblX CTpaH-9KCnOPTepoa, a HMeHHO: ,llaHHH, HHnepJlattnOB, Coe,m1HeHHOro KoponeBCTBa , CIIIA, <!>enepaTHBHOH PecnyOJ1HKH repMaHHH , <l>paHUHH H lllBei'!uapHH. 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HaHOOJlee '3t>¢et<THBHhlM cnocoO::)1r4 ,aocTKJleHK.PI oo..rtbmeA MOTHBHPOBaHHOCTH y TT0J'lHTl,NecJ<HX ..ne,rreneH H PYKOBO.amnKX paOcrnrnkoe e c-rpaHaX Morna ew Obin, opraHH'3aJ.IH.R nepe.aBHmihl:X ce!OOiapoa H paOOt.MX COBemaHHH C rocy.aapc-rBaMl+-t.lJleHaMH. 3T0 ncr380JIHJ10 Obi ooecne({l,,fJl, paCTJPOCTP,a.HeHHe ~OPMaUHli o nomrrHKe 003 H ai<ni"BH3liPOBaTh ..neRTeJlbHcx=n, no pea.,n,raa.wo,1 eeponeHCKoA peni0Ha.rtbH0H c-rpaTenrn: no ,o::JCTKllteHHIO 3.0opoBbR .ll1'lR acex K 2000 f"OJIY 3a Ct.le-I' coaepm:eHCTBOBaHHII paOOThl .aeACTByKlttHX 01CTe M nna.HKPOBaJ-Oil'I HalJH0Ha.rtbH0f"O 3.apa.BOO,cpaHeHKR H PYK0BO.UCTBa HM. PeK0 Mettnal.lHH l. Cne.DYeT yKPenHTb Ka..apaMH ar.aen no TIH3 e EaponeAcKoM pentaHaJtbHOM 0!OP0 003. 2. O T.Deny no mr3 cneJIYeT noo.aoronrn, paOo-ty no pa3BHTKIO K0HTaJ<TOB c rocy.naPC'I'Ba.JOt-'-UleHa MH H )'K?eTTneHHIO PoJtli COTPY lIHW-{aJObU-0( u eHTpoe B TeXJ-UNec10fX c:0.naCTRX.. 3. C y'-{eT0 M npaJ(nNeo<J-OC MepanpHR'I'ID{ no pea.r?K3ai.n-n-t 3.IIB2000 cne.ayeT 1-{all!e rTPOB0.mITb C0BetdaJil1R KoHcyftbTaTt,[8H0f"0 K0MKTeTa no MaHMPOBa.HHlO H o ueHKe 3,apaBOOxpa.HeHHR. 8 OJn.o&a.AlaHe HecK0JlbK0 J1eT TaKMe COBe!DaJ-0,,1,R cne.ayeT ITPOBO.m,n'h pa3 B ,.llBa ro.aa . 4. CneJIYeT rTTXJ.D0JtJ:rfTb pac040TPe!-G1e TeXHK'-leocKX H anMHHHCTPantBHWX acneKTOB rrpoae.aeHHR o03ooa CTPYKTypi,,I H MexaJ-GGMOB rtna.HKPOBaHHR 3.IIPaBOOxpaHeHJ.ffl H PYK0BO.UCTBa HM B esponeHCKHX n:x:y.aapc-rBaX-t.1neHax, KOI'OP'b[M nnaKHPYeTCR ocymecTBHTh KO BpeMeHH rrpoae.neHHR a 1984 r. EeponeACK0A KOI-JtlepeHL[J,O,f no nna.1-Gfp:)BaJ-Gm 3.apa_eooxpaHeliHR H PYK0BO.DCTBY HK. CneJlYeT TaKie paccMQTPeTh oonpoc 0 mcnaae Hal.n-10 Ha.ItbHWX 3Kcnep-roe e npoae.neHHe YJ<a3aHH0 ro 003opa. B 3TOH CBR3H a OJni~ee apeMR cne.llYer rrposecrn coeenat0re no BOnpcx::aJ4 rTJ'l3H'lfPOsaHHR. 5. C Y,,eTOM no-rpeOHOCTeA CT?aH CJleJlYeT nom,epn<yTb paccMOTpeHHlO BOnpoa,i nna,rnpoBaHWI Me.IIHKCrCa.HHTapHW.X cnyKO, pacnpe,neneHHR HMeKlllHXCR pecypcoa, a TaK;Ee pa3BHTWR (l)opM H MeTO.D0 B MaHMDOBaKHR. Cne,nyeT ncx:taPR"Th npoae.aeHHe crpa.Tenf\.leo<0f"0 MHOf"OCeKTOpaJlbH0ro H opHeHTifP()Ba.HHoro Ha t<0He\flible De3YJlbTaTW paOoTbl nnaHHPoBal-Offl TTPM c:,Oct/~et-o-O-t: YKa3a!-OiblX BOrrpocoB co cneLruarn-tCTaMM H3 rocy.aapcrB-"'l.neHOB B OOnacni Ma.HJ,q)OBaJ-0,,1,R H pa3paOOTKH Ha..uHOHaJ'JbH0H nOJilff'HJ<H. 6 . CneJIYeT H .aanee npo..nomttaTb paOCriy no o npe..neneHl-00 llPH0PHTeT0B a pem:eHMH KJDC)'\{eBblX npoOneM a oOnacrn MaJ-D,fpOBa..HH.R 3.m,aaooxPa,HeHHR H PYK0B0,QCTBa HJ4 B pa.MKax pa3paOOTaHHh1x pernoHaJ'tbHblX 33.aat.:[. Cne.ayer Ta.K!Ce H'3oeran, .ay0.Jll..fPOBat-Offl paOOn1 , npoao.IIHMOH ,apyrnMH Me;w:,nyHaPQ.IDiblMH o praHlOamtRMH a 3TOM f-0.ITPc\BneKHH. 7. Hccne.ao eaHHe Hcrt0 J1b30BaJ-OiR nporpaMMHoro 0 10.z:cr;enfP()ea.HM ('.i.lno Ct.I uenecooop,aa HO nepeopHeH"rl-iPOBaTb Ha. H3Y'-{eHHe npoOneM nnattHPOBa.t-GtR H 0 10,n;t;enfPQBaHHR, ttaueneto-toe Ha nony,.:i:eHHe K0 HKPeTHblX pe3yJlbTaToe. Tept-MH ''ttyneeoA 3K0H0MH'4'ecKHA pocr'' a Ha3BaHHH 3annaHHPOBatn-10ro HCcne.aoeaID1.R cne.aye-r 3aMeHHTh TepMMH0M ''orpaHJ.Net-fHblH 3KOHOMJ.Nea<HH PoCT''. - 152 - 8. 8 c-r,.:,aHax, Hcm,TldBa.XJttl-{X nooOJ"leMbl B c011acnt pa:3BHTA.R Me.m-O<O-caHHTaPHbfX cny;tO H, CC00eHHO, 8 pa.38Hnn-t: neDBt-NHOH M.e.m,Q<O-Ca.HHTaPHOH nOMctdH, cne.ayeT rTPOBOJIJ,fTb HCCJ1enoeaKH11, MaKCHMa.rtbHO c~:n.-1eHTHP(JBa.HHhle Ha pemeKHe KOHKpeTHh!X npo011e.-.c . Ta.Kero po.na HCCJTe.aosaH'liR cneJJYeT Ta.Kil.e npQBOIDITb B c-rpattax, r.ne cro,rr KOHKpet'Hhle npoOneMbl oOecne1.1eHH.fl Me;.:.ceKTOpa.JlbHOro COTPy.m-rn1.1ecrea. Ocymecr311eKHe 3KcnepHMeHTaJlbHhl.X npQeKTOB Morna°"' co.neHCTBOBaTb peaeHHJO 11POOJ1eM B OOna.cn1 PYKOBO.nCTBa H pa3paOCrncH COOTBeTCTBYIQJ:J.etl no.mrno<H B 00.nacnt: 3JIPa,BOOXoa.Het-G1R. 9. OcoOoe BKHMa}G{e CJ1e.uyeT y.aeJTH'Il) a CT?,a.Hax oprat-G1331.lIDf Y'{eOHYx KYPCOB e pa1'0<ax npoee.neHHR MeponpHJITitH no no.arOTomce Ka.apoe .DJtR pe:aeHH.fl CTORMKX nepe.a crpa.Ha.MM KOtoePeTHW.X npoOneM. 10. Cne.ayeT nepecMOTpeTI, BOnpoc O llPO.OOJturreJlbHOCT>1 paOan,i K)'PCOS H c-o.aepJ<a,orn HX y,,eoHblx nporpaMM AM'. PYKOBO,D,Rlllero nepcoHa./B pa.3Jn.NHblX Y'POBHef!: C Ue.JiblO YJIOBJleTBOpeHMII I-IX norpeOHoc.-reH. 11. ,IlJlR .IJOCTH)leHH.R OOJ'tbrneK MO'n1Ba.1.IHH Y 0011l1Ti-NecKHX .neRTe.n:eK H PYKOBO.w:nttero nepcoHana e CTDaHax et.1110 etJ: uenecooopaaoo opra.HH3oean, npose.neHHe nepe.IIBHilliWX ceMHHapoe H paOOtrnX coeetna.HHH ,n.rm pacnpocrpaHeKHR i-0-f:t>OPMal.Offl O no.mrn0<e 003 H aKTHBH3auHH paOcrru: no pea.JlH3aJ..GG1 eapcneHCKHX pent:OHa.JlbHblX c-rpa.Tenffl~ - 153 - IIJIAHHPOBAHHE CEMbH CosemaHHe no pa3pa(x)TKe MOneneH nporpaMM oOy'!eHHR pa3.llJ.NHblM acneKTaM nnaHHpoBaHHR ceMbH KoneHrareH, 7-9 HJOHR 1983 rona BseneHHe - 155 - ICP/MCH 025(9)(5) UNFPA RMI/79/P05 14 HIOHR 1983 rona 0655A OPHTIIHAJl: AHPJll1HO<l,fH Ue.ra,10 cosemaHH11 Obino =ecnenyIOmee: paccMOTPeHHe p~a Monenej:j nporpaMM oOyqeHW! pa3nH'IHbIM acneKTaM nnaHHpoBaHHR ceMbH, KOTopi,1e ObinH npennoll(eHbl B 1982 rony; pa3paO<)TKa CTpaTerHA onpeneneHHR 3(jxf)eKTHBHOCTH npennol!<eHHblX MOneneH H nocTaHOBKa HOBbIX MoneneH nnR HX nocneny10mej:j pa3pa(x)TKH. B paOOTe COBemaHHR npHHRnH yqacTHe 13 cneUHaJJHCTOB. B xone nHCKYCCHH Obin OTMe'leH HenocTaTOK COOTBeTCTBYIObtHX yqeOHbIX MaTepHaJJOB no npoOneMaM ceKcyaJtbHOCTH H nnaHHJ)OBaHW! ceMbH. OcoOoe BHHMaHHe ObIJlO yneneHO paCCMQTPeHHIO nCJ.IXOCOUHaJtbHblX acneKTOB yKa3aHHblX npoOneM H nOTpe0HOCTRM MHrpaHTOB . Y'!aCTHHKH cosemaHW! paCCMOTpenH 'IE!Tblpe H3 nRTH npencTaBneHHblX MOnenej:j nporpaMM oOy'!eHHR H pa3pa(x)TanH peKoMeHnaUHH no ynopRnoqeHHJO CI'J)YKTYPbl oOyqeHHR no npennonaraeMoro nposeneHHR HCT!bITaHHR Ha MecTax . C ue.ra,10 nocneny10meH paoon,1 1-1an HHM C..1n cocTasneH nepe'!eHh npennoll(eHHblx nnR H3yqeHH11 reM H nposeneHO o0cyll(neHHe HeKOTOPbIX H3 B03M0ll(HblX 3anaq B paMKax nporpaMM oOyqeHHR . PeKOMeHnaUHH 1 . MonenH npenonasaHHR n=Hbl Ob!Tb HaCTOJn,KO rHOKHMH, HaCKOJtbKO 9TO n03BOnReT npenMeT o0y'!eHW!. TaKOH nonxon naCT B03M0ll(HOCTb npenonasaTeJtbCKOMY COCTaBy BbIOHpaTb onpeneneHHb1e 'laCTH nporpaMM oOyqeHHR H COCTaBnRTb coOCTBeHHble yqeOHb1e nporpaMMbI. 2. Monentt nporpaMM oOyqeHHR .noflll(Hbl Ob!Th npHeMneMbIMH nnR scex cTpaH PerHoHa. npenonasaTeJtbCKl-0\ COCTaB nonll(eH HMeTb B03M0ll(HQCTb nepepaOaTblBaTb 3TH nporpaMMbl C yqeTOM MecTHLIX n0Tpe0HOCTeA H pecypcos . 3. 41'0Cbr H30ell(aTb ny0nHpoBaHH1! H He nonyCTHTb nponycKa yll(e pa3pa(x)TaHHblX yqeOHbIX MaTepHanOB Heo0XOnHMO CCblllaTbCR Ha HHX HnH BKJ'JI04aTb HX B MonenH nporpaMM oOyqeHHR. 4. Monentt nporpaMM oOyqeHW! .nonll(Hbl Obin, npenHa3Ha'!eHbl = nHU, pa(x)Ta KOTOPbJX CB113aHa: a) C npenonaBaHHeM pa3flH'!HbIX acneKTOB ceKcyaJtbHOCTH H nnaHHpoBaHHR ceMbH H ocyme=sneHHeM MeponpHRTHH B 3TOH oOnaCTH; b) C n01xocoUHa.ltbHbIMH acneKTaMH nllaHHpoBaHW! ceMbH . 5. MonenH nporpaMM oOyqeHW! pa3paOanIBaIOTc11 nnR HX nocneny10mero Hcnom,3osaHW1 npH nonrOTOBKe pa(x)THHKOB Mel!HKO-COUHaJtbHblX cneUHaJtbHOCTeH. OHH nomnibl ObITb npHeMneMbI nnR HCnOJtb30BaHHR KaK l1J'.ll-l Oa30BOH, TaK H npH nOCTnttnflOMHOH nonrOTOBKe. 6. B MonenH nporpaMM o0y'!eHHR nonll(Ha Ob!Tb COOTBeTCTBYIOlltHM o0pa30M o0ocHOBaHa HeoOXO.DI-IMOCTb BKJ'JI04eHHR npenMeTa H3yqeHHR B neHCTByIOmHe yqeOHb1e nporpaMMbl • 7. HecMOTPR Ha TO, '!TO MOnenH nporpaMM oOyqeHHR npenHa3Ha'!eHbl = nonrOTOBKH nHU, paOoTaIOmHX B oOnaCTH nnaHHpoBaHHR ceMbH, KOHe'!HOO HX Ue.TlblO RBnReTCR ynosneTBOpeHHe nOTpeOHOCTeA HaceneHHR. 8. ,lleACTByIOll!He .11Be MOnenH nporpaMM oOyqeHW! s oOnaCTH ceKCOflOrHH H npoOneM MHrpaHTOB, a TaKll(e nee MonenH nporpaMM oOyqeHHR n01xocoUHaJtbHbIM acneKTaM nnaHHposaHHR ceMbH nonll(Hbl Ob!Tb nonsepn-fYTbr nepecMOTPY HX aBTOpaMH no 1 OKTROp11 1983 rona. Monentt nporpaMM oOyqeHHR nonll(Hbl Ob!Tb rOTOBbl nnR anpoOaUHH 1-1a MeCTax K 1 11Hsap11 1984 rona. - 156 - 9. Kall<J]aR H3 MOJ]eneil nporpaMM o0y'!eHl1JI J]OJ!ll<Ha BK.IIIO'laTb B ceOR pa3J]eJlbJ, TIOCBRmeHHble ueJlRM, conep11<aHHJO, MeTOJJaM npenonaaaHHR H oueHKe. 10. B Kall<J]Oi! H3 MOJ]eJlei! nporpaMM oOyqeH11JI J]OJ!ll<Hhl Obrrb npHBeJ]eHbl no11011<eH11JI' KaCalOIJIHecR npe.anOCl,IJlOK' Heo0XO.ID1MblX J]J1R npHoOpeTeHl-!R COOTBeTCTBY!OIJIHX 3HatiHH H HaBb(l(QB nOTpe0HTenRMH. 11. Ha OCHOBaHHH pe3ym,TaTOB H3;"1eHHR Ha Mecrax acex KaTeropHA CJIYIIIaTeneA , oOy'lalOIJIHXCR B yqeOHblX 3aBeJ]eHHRX, onpeJ]eJleHHbJX B Ka'!eCTBe oO'.beKTOB HCCJleJ]OBaHHR 803 H neilCTBY!OIIIHX B pa3JlH'!HhlX CTpaHax EBponeilcKoro pernoHa, BpHTatiCKHM TpecTOM CTpaXOBaHHR ll<H3HH B flOHJJOHe OyJJeT npoaeneHa oueHKa MOJJeneA nporpaMM oOyqeHHR . 12 . OnpeneneHhJ ceMHaJn.(aTb TeM, no KOTOPbIM B J]clJlbHei!meM OyJJYT pa3paOOTaHhI MOJ]eJlH nporpaMM oOyqeHHR. HeKOTOPbJe H3 TeM onpeJ]eJleHbl B Ka'!eCTBe nepBOO'!epeJ]HhJX , HanpHMep, TeMa, TIOCBRmeHHaR poJ1H MYll<'IHH B nnaHHpoBaHHH ceMbH , HJlH TeMa, KacaIOmaRCR npoOJleM ceKCYallbHOCTH cpeJ]H npecTapeJlbJX. Y'!aCTHHKaM coaemaHl-!R ObIJlO npeJ]JlOllleHO OKa3bJBaTb nOCTORHHoe conei!CTBHe H noJ]Jlepl!<Ky MeponpHRTHRM no pa3paOoTKe cepHH MOJJeneil nporpaMM oOyqeHl-!R. I-Ix paOOTa - KaK y11<e 3aaejJ!IleHHaR , TaK H 3annaHHpoBaHHaR - nQJ1y'IHJla BbJCOKYIO oueHKY co CTOpoHbl 803. KOHCYJlbTaTHllHoe COBeblaHHe no BOnpoca.M ceKCyallbHOCTH KoneHrareH, 9-10 HOROpn 1983 ro.na BseneHHe - 157 - ICP/ MCH 026(5) RMI/ 79/ P0S 0760A 15 neKaOpR 1983 ro.na 0Pl1I'HHAJJ: AHI'JIBicKHfl B paOoTe COBE!l!laHJ,IR npHHRJlH ~aCTHe nRTI> 9KcnePTQB B oOnaCTH ncHXOJlOrHH, COUHOJlOrHH, ncHXHaTPHH, HeBpoJlOrHH H nnaHHpoBaHJ,IR ceMbH. K 41-!CJlY TeX npoOneM, KOTOPblM B npenCTORmee neCRTHJieTHe OyneT yneneHo noBbUIIeHHoe BHHMaHHe, MO)!(HO, no Beel\ sepoRTHOCTH, OTHect'H npo011eM>1 ceKCYallbHOCTH H ceKcyallbHOro 3nopoBbR. ECJJH BblCKa- 3 blBaeTCR MHeHHe, '-ITC oonpoar ceKcyallbHOCTH He CTattyT B OynymeM npenMeTOM mHpoKOro o0cyllUleHHR, TO !lPH 9TOM HHKaK He OTPHUaeTCR HX 3HatteHHe B HaCTORmee BpeMR HJlH B npoMJlOM, paBHO KaK H He npeyse- JlHttHllaeTCR nepcneKTHBHoe 3HatteHHe 9THX npoOneM. CKopee ocero, pe% HneT O TOM, '-ITC B OynymeM OHH ttame OynyT paCCMaPHBaTbCR Oonee ueneHanpaBJleHHO. CHRTHe 3anpeTOB, nocnenCTBHR KOTOporo o tteBHnttbl ~e cel\ttac IlPH conOCTaBJleHHH COBpeMeHHOH MOnonel!Gi C npen-rHMH nOKOJleHHRMH MOJ1Onb!X rnonel'I, n03BOJ1ReT BecTH Oonee ynOBJleTBOpf!IOl!tYlO B ceKcyallbHOM nnaHe l!Gi3Hb. Ol!GinaR Oollbmeli nOJlHOTbl ceKCyallbHblX qyBCTB, tteJlOBeK COOTBeTCTBeHHO OoJlbblee BHHMaHHe yneJJReT 9TOH CTOPQHe l1Gi3HH, TeM caM>IM yCKOPRR npouecc BblRBJleHJ,!R cyMeCTBy!OmHX npoOneM, KOTOPble cneUHaJJHCTaM npenCTOHT pemaTb B 9TOH oOnacTH. BOJlbmHe O»uiaHJ,!R npH]lenyT K Oom,meMy ttHCJlY "npoOneM", = pe!lleHJ,!R KOTOpblX noHanoOHTCR nepepaOoTaTb neJ:'!CTBYIOMHe Me,!lHKO-CaHHTapHble KOHUem.iHH C ~eTOM B03JX)CllleH poJJH BOnpocoB ceKcyallbHOCTH. BceMl-!pHaR opraHH3aUHR 3npaBOCxpaHeHHFI roTOBa coneHCTBOBaTb TaKHM npeo0pa3OBaHHRM B paMKax CHcreM 3npaBOOxpaHeHHF1. B EBponeHCKOM pernOHallbHOM OIOpo B03 nepBblM maroM B 9TOM HanpaBJleHHH CTana peaJJH3aUHR, HattHHaR c 1984 rona, HOBOH nporpaMM>J no ceKCYaJ!bHOCTH H nnaHHPQBaHHIO ceMbH (npe)!(HRR nporpaMMa nJJaHHpoBaHJ,!R CeMbH) • Uellb KOHCYJlbTaTHllHOrO COBebJaHJ,!R COCTORJla, TaKHM o0pa3OM, B paCCMOTPeHHH 3a,naq, CTORMHX B oOnaCTH ceKCOJlOrHH, H BKJla,na 9TOH HaYKH B peaJJH3auHIO HOBOH nporpaMMbl, B o0cyllUleHHH pernOHallbHOH 3a,na41-1 s oOnacTH ceKcyallbHOCTH, a TaK"'e oOrmix 3cUl<ltt B paMKax crpaTerHH nocTH)l(eHHR 3nopoBbR n= scex K 2000 rony (3,llB2000). 3TO, B ttaCTHOCTH, npennonarano onpeneneHHe cymeCTsylOl!(HX npoOneM, HMeIOMHXCR pecypcos H CTpaTerHl'I HX pemeHHFI C ~eTOM HeOOXOnHMOCTH paa11HpeHHR OOHHMaHHR 3aBHCHMOCTH MHOrHX Me,!lHKO-CaHHTapHblX npoOneM OT npoO/leM ceKCYallbHOCTH, a TaK)l(e B03MO)!(HOCTeH seneHHR Oonee ynos11eT- BOpRIOmeH B 9MOUHOHallbHOM nnaHe ceKcyallbHOH l!Gi3HH. Ha COBeblaHHH Ow1H oOcyllUleHbl cne,llYl<lllHe BOflPOCbl: pa3BHTHe nporpaMMbl B OOnaCTH ceKcyallbHOCTH H nJlaHHpoBaHJ,!R ceMbH; ceKCOJlOrHR KaK HaYKa, no.nyqHBblaR pa311Httttoe TOJl)(OBaHHe (Ha 9TY TeMy BblCTYCTaJJH ~aCTHHKH COBeblaHHR, BHectllHe pa311H'IHblH BKJlan B COBpeMeHHoe OOHHMaHHe ceKcyallbHOCTH); COBMecTHoe onpeneneHHe caM>JX HeOTJlO)l(HblX npoOJleM; CTPaTerHH oO~eHHFI; HMeIOMHecR pecypcbl; H HOBble Hanpas11eHJ,1R pa0oTbl. 8b1BO,IN H peKOMett.naUH B HaCTORmee speMR He npe.acTaBJlReTCR B03MO»lb!M onpeneJJHTb Beeb oObeM npoOneM B o0naCTH ceKcyallbHOCTH B npHeMJleMOH = BceX CTpaH <l>opMe. TeM He MeHee, Kag,INH tteJJOBeK HMeeT npaoo pacnonaraTb HeoOXOnHMOH 1-M!>opMaUHeH B 9TOH oOnaCTH H nonxOnHTb K ceKcyallbHblM npoOneMaM C 003HUHH Heo0XOnHMOCTI1 BocnpoH3BOnCTBa H sene= ynoBJleTBOPRKllleH B ceKcyallbHOM nnaHe J!Gi3HH. 1. nHUa, CTaJl)(HBaIOll!HecR C ceKcyallbHblMH npo011eMaMH, oOpamaIOTCR K pa311HttHblM KaTeropHRM nepcoHana, BKJ110qaf! rHHE!KOJlOroB, ncHXHaTpoB, nCHXOJlOrOB, paOoTHHKOB COUHallbHblX cnygO, BpatteH oO!nero npo<l>HJJR, MenHUHHCKHX cecrep, KOHcyllbTaHTOB, ne.aaroroB, JlHU, paOoTaIOb!HX C M011one)l(bl0 H no MeCTY )l(HTeJlbCTBa, CBRmeHHOCJ1Y)l(HTe11eJ:'! H KOHcyllbTaHTOB no BOnpocaM peaOHJJHTaUHH. 3TO TPe0YeT OT HHX 3HattHTellbHO Oonee bJHpoKHX 3HaHHH B oOnacTH ceKcyallbHOCTH, tteM paHee H npennonaraeT opraHH3aUHIO nonroTOBKH no 9THM B0np0Ca.M bJHPQKOro Kpyra npo<l>eccHOHallbHblX MenHUHHCKHX paOonmJ<oB. - 158 - 2. OpraHH30BaHH8R no.nrOTOBKa Ka,op()B no aonpocaM cei<cyam,HOCTH MQgeT ocyrueCTBJlRTbCR Ha HeCKOJlbKHX ypoBHRX H ,llOJll!Uia OXBaThlBa'I'b MaKCHMaJlbHO C)o.lll,lllee '-IHCJ10 paOoTHHKOB 3,llpaBOOxpaHeHHR H .apyrnx cny'Jl'.O, 3aHHMal01UHXCR BonpocaMH cei<cyam,Horo oO,"!eHHR H KOHcyJlbTHPQBaHHR no nOJJOBblM BOnpocaM. TaKoro po,lla n o,llrOT OBKa ,ll~ n03BOJIH'I'b Me,llHKO-CaHHT8PHOMY nepcoHany nOJIY'!H'I'b npe,llCT8BJJeHHe O npoO.neMaX B oOnacTH c eKcyam,HQCTH H npoBO,llHTb npH HeoOXO,llHMOCTH onpe,lleJJeHHYIO HHl>opMal.IHOHHYIO paCoTy. Tipo,llBHHYTaR no,llrOTOBKa B oOnaCTH ceKcyaJlbHOCTH n03BOJIHT HM npoBO,llHTb KOHCYJlbTaUID! no BOnpocaM nnaHHpoBaHHR ceMhH, ,llJ1R 4ero Heo0XO,llHMa COOTBeTCTBYKIIlaR KBa.nul>HJ<aLIHR H 3H8HHR B oOnaCTH Me,llHUHHbl, ceMeID!OH gH3HH H coLIHonorHH. nam,HeHlllaR cneLIHaJIH3aLIHR B 9TOH oOnaCTH npemonaraeT no.nraroBKY no BonpocaM HHTeH- CHBHOH repanHH, KOTOpaR ,llOJJ=a npOBO,llHTbCR npol>eCCHOH8JlbHblMH repaneBTaMH. CeKcyam,HQCTh CJJe,llyeT npeno,llaBa'I'b KaK caMOCTORTeJlbHYIO ,llHCUHilJIHHY B paMKax oOy4eHHR H no.nro- T OBKH npol>eccHOH8JlbHblX paOoTI-!HKOB 3,llpaBOOXpaHeHHR, nOCKOJlbKY pellleHHe npoOneM B 9TOH oOnaCTH RBJIReTCR HeOT'.beMJJeMOH 4aCTblO ,lleRTeJlbHOCTH OOIIIHX Me,llHKO-CaHHT8PHblX CJJ~O. B 48CTHOCTH, paOOTalOJJIHX B ot>epe nnaHHpoBaHHR ceMbH. 3. CeKCY8JlbHOCTh OepeT cBoe Ha4aJJO npH pog,lleHHH 4eJJOBeKa, ecJJH He paHee Toro, eme B nepHO,ll C03peBaHHR nno,lla . MaCTYP08LIHR H ceKcyam,Hble HT"µ,! cpe,llH ,lleTeH RBJIRIOTCR HOPMaJlbHblM H 3,llOpoBblM n oBe,lleHHe M, O,llH8KO BO MHOrHX CTpaHax ,lleTH 38 9TO cypoBO HaK83blaaJOTCR. PeaKLIHR OKPY~IOIIIHX Ha noBe.lleHHe .lleTeH oKa3blBaeT BJJHRHHe Ha nonoBoe pa3BHTHe pe0eHKa, a TaKge Ha Pa3BHTHe B ,llaJlbHeHllleM Tex HJJH HHblX ceKCY8JlbHblX npoOneM. neTH, paBHO K8K H B3pocJlble, ,llO~Hbl paCC'-IHTblBaTh Ha nO,ll,llep~y B HX CTpeMJJeHHRX K Y.llOBJleTBOPeHHOCTH B noJJOBOM nnatte. 4 . TIPol>eccHOHaJlbHble Me,llHUHHCKHe paOoTHHKH B Te4eHHe ,llOJJr oro BpeMeHH He PE!lllaJJHCb 38Tl)arHB8Th ceKcyam,Hb1e npoO.neMbl C n03HUHH COMaTHQecKOA Me,llHLIHHbl HJlH Me,llHJ<aMeHT03HOro JJe4eHHR. CyrueCTBYKYI' MHOrHe COMaTHQeCKHe 3aOoneBaHHR, KOTOpble npRMO HJlH KOCBeHHO BJIHRIOT Ha noJJOBYIO ~YHKUHIO 4eJJOBeKa. XttpyprHR H Me,llHKaMeHT03Hoe JJe4eHHe MOryT BJIHRTh Ha ceKcyam,HQCTI, 4eJJOBeKa JJHOo npRMo, JJHOo KOCBeHHO, 4epe3 503,lleHCTBHe Ha ~e cymecTBYKll!He nOJJOBbJe npoOneMbJ . Ba=o HMen, B BH.llY IIIHPOKHH xapaKTep B3aHMO,lleHCTBHR ncHXOJIOrHQeCKHX H COMaTHQeCKHX acneKTOB H HX BJIHRHHR Ha ceKcy8Jll,HOCTh 4eJJoBeKa, BKJII04aR HX 503,lleHCTBHe Ha QYBCTBO caMOyB~eHHR. TICHXH8TPHQecKoe JJe4eHHe Hepe,llKO 0Ka3blBaeT CBoe B03,lleHCTBHe Ha nOJJOBYIO ~YHKUHIO 4eJIOBeKa, 0 4eM HeoOXO,llHMO COOTBeTCTBYIOIIIHM o0pa30M yBe,llOMJIRTh naLIHeHTOB. s. KOHTPaUenTHBHaR npaKTHKa TaKge TeCHblM o0pa30M CBR3aHa C ceKcyaJlbHOCThlO. O tta H8HOCHT TaKge CBOH o me48 TOK Ha B3aHMOOTI-!CllleHHR MY~ H geHIIIHH - 0 ,llH8KO B H8CTOR1I1ee BpeMR cnygObJ nnaHHpoBaHHR ceMbH B OCHOBHOM He TTOOIIIPRIOT B paMKax npoBO,llHMOH HMH paOoThl .mo0b1e accouttaUHH C Heo0XO,llHMOCThlO ,llJ1R 4eJJOBeKa Be,lleHHR Oonee Y.llOBJleTBOPRJOmero B ceKcyaJlbHOM nnaHe oOpa3a ;!IH3HH, y,lleJIRR OCHOBHoe BHHMaHHe KOHTpaUenTHBHOA npaKTHJ<e. BCJ1e,llCTBHe 9Toro Te MY~ H geHIIIHHbl, KOTOPbJe oOpamaJO'I'CR B cnygC':1,1 nJJaHHpoBaHHR ceMbH 38 nOMOIIlblO, He KacaKJUeHCR Tex HJlH HHblX MeTO,llOB npe,llynPeg,lleHHR OepeMeHHOCTH, Hepe,llKO TaKOH n OMOIIIH He nOllY'!alOT. EcJJH npH 9 T OM OHH n epecTam oOpalllaTbCR B cnygObJ nJJaHHPOBaHHR ceMbH, paOoTI-IHJ<H 9THX cnygO Heo0ocHO- BaHHO npHQHCJIRIOT HX K JlHllaM, HrHOPHPYJOIIIHM noMOIIlb H CTaBRIIIHM CBoe Onaron ony4He no,ll yrpo3y, XOTR BO MHOrHX CJJY48RX OHH caMOCTORTeJlbHO pruam CTORIIIHe nepe,ll HHMH npoOneMbl nnaHHpoB8HHR ceMbH . HeH30e=aR ,llHJleMMa B oOnaCTH nnaHHpoBaHHR ceMbH =oHT B npoTHBOpe4HH Mei,;,ny pauHOH8JlbHOCThlO nJJaHHp()BaHHR H HPP81.IHOHaJlbHOCThlO ceKcyam,HQCTH. TI09TOMY B paMKax ,lleRTeJlbHOCTH no nJJaHHpoBaHHIO ceMbH aagtto ocoCoe BHHMaHHe y,lleJJRn, oonpocaM Y.llOBJJeTaopeHHOCTH noooBoA gH3HblO. XOTR ceKcyam,Hoe 3,llOpoBbe Heo6XO,llHMO oCoHM nonaM, B Oo.lll,IIIHHCTBe ,lleHCTBYIOIIIHX nporpaMM nnaHH- PQBaHHR ceMbH OCHOBHoe BHHMaHHe y,lleJJReTCR npeHMYIIleCTBeHHO geHlUHHaM, 6 . HeoOXO,llHMO HcnOJlb30B8Tb cpe,llCTBa MaCCOBOH HHl>OPMaUHH (pa,llHO, TeJleBH,lleHHe, ra3eThl H nonyJJRpHbte gypHaJJbl) ,llJ1R nOBblllleHHR OCBe,llOMJleHHOCTH HaCeJJeHHR no BOnpoCaM ceKcyam,HOCTH, PaOoTa B 9TOM HanpaB- neHHH n03BOJIHT ,llOBeCTH 9TY HHl>OPMauHIO ,llO Oonee IIIHpoKOH ay,llHTOPHH, 7. B HaCTORmeM OT4eTe ~e ynOMHHaJJHCb HeKOTOpble acneKTbl ceKcy8Jll,HOCTH, CBR3aHHble C BOnpocaMH nnaHHpoBaHHR CeMbH H Me,llHKO-CaHHTapttoro oOcny~aHHR, XOTR pemeHHe npoOneM ceKcyaJlbHOCTH RBJIReTCR HOBblM HanpaBJJeHHeM paOoTbt B ~epe Me,llHKO-C8HHT8PHOH noMOIIIH, MHOrne H3 cymecTBYJOmHX npoOneM H3BeCTI-!bl yge B Te4eHHe ,llecRTHJJeTHA, CJJO~OC'I'b 3,llecb COCTOHT He B YTBepg;:ieHHH HOBOro HanpaBJJeHHR paOOTht , a B Y.llOBJleTBopeHHH TpeOoBaHHH K pemeHHIO 9THX npoOneM HaPR.IlY C ceKcyam,HblMH BOnpocaMH, Y4aCTHHJ<H coaemaHHR no,llBeprJJH paCCMQTPeHHIO CTPYJ<TYPY nporpaMMbl B oOnaCTH nJJaHttpOBaHHR ceMbH EBpone11CKoro pernottam,ttoro OJOpo B03 tta 1984-1991 rr., ocoOoe BHHMaHHe Y.lleJJHB ueJJH 5.1 no "co,llei\c-r- BHJO pa3paOoTKe nOJJHTHKH H nporpaMM, a TaKge C03,llaHHIO cnygO ,llJIR oOecne4eHHR pa3BHTHR 3,llOPQBOro H y .llOBJJeTBQPRIOJJlero B ceKcyam,ttoM nnatte o0pa3a ~HH". Y48CTHHKH coBemaHHR cornacHJJHCb TaKge co CJle,llyKll!HMH npe,llyCMOTPeHHblMH B paMKax peaJJH3aLIHH 9TOH ueJJH 38,lla4aMH: - 159 - 5 . 1.1 O0'.3op cymecTl!YIOb!HX onpe.neneHl-!H, KOHUertUHH, npHHUHrlOB H YCJIOBHH ,11J1J1 pa3BHTHR 3.!lOPQBOro H Y.!lOBJJeTBopRIOb1ero B ceKcyaJJbHOM nnaHe oOpa3a »13HH, K 1987 ro.ny. 5 . 1 . 2 OueHKa COBpeMeHHoro cra-ryca, Y.!lOBJleTBOPRIOb!ero/ He Y.!lOBJJeTBOpRIOmero B ceKcyaJJbHOM nnaHe oOpa3a »13HH, K 1989 ro.ny. 5. 1. 3 AHaJIH3 ceKcyaJlbHOCTH H/ HJIH naPTHepcrBa cpe,nH HHBaJIH.!lOB H npecTapeJlblX B .!lOMamHHX YCJIOBHRX HJIH B craUHOHapHhlX Y'!PeJIUleHHRX, K 1989 ro.ny . 5.1.4 AHaJJH3 ,lleHCTBYJODIHX nporpaMM KOHcyJlbTHpoBaHHR no !10/lOBblM BOnpocaM, K 1988 ro.ny. 5 . 1 . 5 PYKOBO.IIRIIIHe YKa3aHHR OTHOCHTeJlbHO 3aKOHO,!laTeJlbHhlX nono~eHHH, CBR3fil!HblX C oOecneqeHHeM pa3BHTHR Y.!lOBJleTBOPRJOmero B ceKcyaJJbHOM nnaHe oOpa3a ffi3HH, K 1991 ro.ny. KpoMe Toro yqacTHHKH rpylll1l,l npe.!lJIOfflJIH nocTaHOBKY cne.nylOmHX '<eTblpex 3a,naq: H3yqeHHe TeH.!leHUHH cerperaUHH B COBpeMeHHOM o0mecTBe poJJeH nOJIOB H ceKcyaJlbHOCTH. H3yqeHHe B03.!leHCTBHR npol>ecCHOHaJlbHOH 3aHRTOCTH Ha ceKcyaJlbHOCTb H ceMei\Hyro ;»!3HI,. OO3OP BOnPQCOB r'OMOCeKcyaJIH3Ma, npocrHTyuHH, ceKCYaJJbHblX H3BpameHl-!H H HaCHJJHR. H3yqeHHe ceKcyaJJbHOr'O KJIHMaTa H YCJIOBHH BOCllHTaHHR .neTeH, a TaK~e B03,!leHCTBHR 9THX ¢>aKTopoB Ha HX ITOJIOBoe pa3BHTHe. Y,:;acTHHKH COBel!laHHR no,nBeprJlli paCCMOTpeHHJO 3a,naqy 41 B no.n.nep~y perHOHaJJbHOH C'I'PaTerHH 3 ,ll82O00, KaCalOb!YIOCJI cet<cya.rn,Horo noBe,neHHR. K 1995 ro.ny B Ka~OH c-rpaHe no Jq>aHHeH Mepe 80% HaCeJJeHHR, BKJIIOqaR YR3BHMble rpynmr (JIIO.IIH, HaxO.IIRIIIHecR B yqpe~,neHHRX, HHBaJIHJl>I , nomrne H T. ,n. ) , Oy.nyT HMeTb B03MOfflOCTI, BecTH 9MOUHOHaJlbHO Y.!lOBJJeTBOPRl<lllYIO ceKcyaJJbHYIO ~Hb B rapMOHHH C HX narpe0HOCTRMH, BepoBaHHRMH H ueHHOCTRMH Ka!< OT.!leJlbH>IX JIHU, Ta!< H oClneCTBa. no MHeHHIO yqacrHHKOB COBel!laHHR, ITOCTaHOBKa TaKOH 3a,nat;H HMeeT orpoMHoe 3HaqeHHe. O.IIHaKO BBH.l!Y HCKJIIO=eJlbHO cneUHaJJbHOro xaPaJ<Tepa .naHHoro Bonpoca, a TaK~e 3Ha=eJlbHhlX pa3J111qHii B no.nxo.ne K ceKcyaJJbHOCTH B c-rpaHax C pa3mNHblMH KYJlbTYPHblMH Tpa.llHUHRMH ObrJIO Obr ue.necoo0pa3HO YKa3aTb B 3 a,naqe JIHIIlb OCHOBHoe HaITpaBJJeHHe paCion,i Hee 3HaqeHHe, He OCTaHaBJJHBaRCb KOHKpeTHO Ha KOJIH'lecr- BeHHblX noKa3aTeJJRX. - 161 - IIPOllECCHOHAJlbHAJ! rHIBEHA - 163 - PaOoqaR rpynna no B03neAcTBHJO lCP/WKH 015 (5 ) 0711A ITJ'.X)H3BODCTBeHHhlX <J)aKTOpoB Ha penponyKTHBHYIO <l>YHKUHIO TOHJJHCH , 25-29 anpeJJR 1983 rona 11 aaryCTa 1983 rona OPHI'liHAJl: AHI'J1HHCKl1H BaeneHHe CoaeruaHHe PaOo'leH rpynmr npoBO.IIHJlOCb EaponeHCKHM pernoHaJTbHhlM Olopo B03 COBMeCTHO c B10po rrpo<!>ecCHOHaJTbHOH rnrneHhl ll!TaO-KaapTH]Jbl OpraHH3aUHH. B ero paOore npHHRJTH yqaCTHe 21 qenoaeK H3 14 CTpaH EaponeHCKOro pernoHa, ODHH npencTaBHTe.llb CoeDHHeHHblX illTaTOB, ODHH npencTaBHTe.llb KOMHCCHH eaponeHCKHX cooOrueCTB H ODHH npenCTaBHTe.llb nOCTORHHOH KOMHCCHH H MeMnyHapoDHOH accouHaUHH npo<!>ecCHOHaJlbHOH rnrneHhr. CoaeruaHHe CTaBHJJO nepen npoH3BODCTBeHHhlX <J)aKTOpoB Ha npoH3BODCTBeHHblX <J)aKTOpoB Ha H 3KcnepHMeHTOB Ha MHBOTHhlX; HccnenoaaHHR Ha npaKTHKe. ,llHCKYCCHR coOoH cnenyIOII!He ueJTH: o03OP HMeIOII!HXCR naHHhlX O BO3DeHCTBHH penponyKTHBHYIO <l>YHKUHIO; oOc~neHHe MeTODOB oueHKH B03DeHCTBHR penponyKTHBHYIO <!>YHKIDIJO npH npoaeneHHH 3nHDeMHOJ1Or!-14ecKHX HCcnenoaaHHH H pa3paOoTKa PYKOBODRII!HX YKa3aHHH DJJR npHMeHeHHR pe3yJlbTaTOB Ha coaeroaffifH Ot,Jn npoaeneH o03OP npaKTH4eCKOH neRTe.llbHOCTH, ocymeCTBJJReMOH B yqacTBylOl!IHX CTpaHax B oOnaCTH BO3DeHCTBHR npOH3BODCTBeHHbDC <J)aKTOpoB Ha penponyKTHBHYIO <l>YHKUHIO, a TaKMe COOTBeTCTBYIOII!HX 3aKOHODaTe.llbHblX nonoMemrn. 8 'laCTHOCTH, Ob!JTH paCCMOTpeHhl orpaHH4eHHR H cneUHaJTbHble peKOMeHnaUHH , KaCaIOMHecR HcnO.llb3OBaHHR Ha npoH3BODCTBe MeHI>!HH, OCo0eHHO OepeMeHHhlX H KOPMRII!HX MeHMHH . npH 3TOM Ol,111O ynOMRHYTO 3Ha'leHHe 3aKOHODaTe.llbHblX nonoMeHHH, pa3paOoTaHHh1X B paMKaX EaponeACKoro cooOrueCTBa H CoaeTa 3KOHOMH4ecKOH B3aHMOnOMO!l!H (C3B) OTHOCHTe.llbHO npaKTH4ecKHX neACTBHH B crpaHax B 3TOH oOnaCTH. BhlJIH paCCMOTpeHhl HMet0111HecR ,llaHHble O B03DeHCTBHH onaCHhlX <J)aKTOpoB Ha ITJ'.X)H3BODCTBe, OCo0eHHO XHMH'leCKHX aeruecTB, Ha penponyKTHBHYIO <!>YHKUHIO. npH 3TOM OhlJlO nonqepKttyTO, 'ITO H ~. H MeHMHHbl, H DeTH nonaepMeHbl B03DeHCTBHJO 3THX <J)aKTOpoB. Ha COBel!laffifH Ol,1JTH npenCTaaJJeHbl pe3yJTbTaThl cpaBHHTe.llbHOro aHaJJH3a BO3DeHCTBHR MeTaJJJJOB Ha penponyKTHBHYIO <!>YHKUHJO y MHBOTHhlX H qenoaeKa. Y'laCTHHKH coaeruaHHR Ol,JJTH pa3neneHhl Ha nae nonrpynmr. Ha 3acenaHHRX onttoi:'! nonrpynmr pacCMaTPHBaJJHCb 3KcnepHMeHTa.llbHhle MeTO.!lhl H3yqeHHR B03DeHCTBHR XHMH'leCKHX aeruecTB Ha penponyKTHBHYIO <!>YHKUHIO, BOnpochl , CBR3aHHbre C 3 MOPHOTOKCH'IHOCTblO H <!>YHKUHeH nOJJOBhlX Mene3 y MHBOTHhlX. Y'laCTHHKH nonrpynmr paCCMOTpeJJH TaKMe BO3MOMHOCTH HcnOJTb3OBaHHR pe3yJlbTaTOB HccnenoaaHHi:'! B oOnacni MYTareHe3a B ueJJRx onpeneneHHR B03MOMHhlx <J)aKTopoB pHCKa DJ1R qenoaeKa. Y'laCTHHKH .opyroi:'! nonrpynmr paccMOTpeJTH BOnp()Chl, CBR3aHHbre C pa3paOoTKoo H npoaeneHHeM snHneMHOJ1Or!-14eCKHX HccnenoaaHHH <!>aKTOpoB PHCKa, B.llHRIOl!lHX Ha penponyKTHBHYIO <!>YHKUHIO, a TaKMe C aHaJTH3OM HX pe3yJlbTaTOB. 6hlJ1O pacCMOTpeHO 9Ha'leHHe 3KcnepHMeHTOB Ha MHBOTHhlX, a TaKMe npyrnx HccnenoaaHHH DJ1R pa3paOoTKH COOTBeTCTBYIOMHX craH/lclPTOB B oOnaCTH npo<!>ecCHOHa.llbHOH rnrneHbl . Bwno nomaepMDeHO, 'ITO pe3y.llbTaTW sn1-1neMHOJ1OrH4ecKHX HccnenoaaHHH HrpaIOT onpeneneHHYIO poJlb a nene anpoOaUHH H coaeprueHcraoaaHHR neHCTBYIOMHX CTaH,llaPTOB. npHBO.IIHMWH HHMe nonpoOHhll'i nepe'!eHb peKOMeHnaUHH, BWBODOB, a TaKMe HME!IOMHXCR HenopaOoToK, CBHDeTe.llbCTByeT O TOM, 'ITC Ha naHHOH PaOoqei:'! rpynne no cpaBHeHHIO C npe.m,rnymHMH coaeruaHHRMH Ol,JJ1 n ODHRT PRD HOBWX aonpocoB, MHorne H3 KOTOPhlX no-npeMHeMy OCTalOTCR HeperueHHblMH . 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OnHaKO y'laCTHHKH coaeruaHHR He CMOrJJH npHHTH K perueHHIO STOA npoOneMhl . - 164 - BbtBO.llbl OOmHe BblBO.llbl 1. r.naBHaR ueJTb B oO.naCTH fTIXXl>eccHOHaJlbHOA rnrneHbl npH KOHTJ)OJle B03neAcTBHR <!)aKTOpoB Pl'fCKa Ha penpo.llYKTHBHYJ() <!)yHKUJ,11() COCTOHT B oOecneqeHHH B03MOlltHOCTeA = po~Te.neA HMeTb llte.naeMoe HMH Kon!-fqecTBO 3nopoawx neTeA, a TaKllte B npenOTBpameHHH B03MOlltHOCTeA yxy,!lltleHHR reHeTl-{qecKOA OCHOBW Hace.neHHR. 2. npH nocTaHOBKe H nepecMOTpe CTaH.oaPTOB B oOnaCTH npo¢ecCHOHaJTbHOA rnrneHbl Heo0XO~MO ynenRTb BHHMaHHe BOnpocaM, CBR3aHHblM C B03neACTBHeM npoH3BoncTBeHHMX ¢,aKTOpoB Ha penpo,oyKTHBHYJ() <!)yHKUJ,11() MYll(qHH H llteHlllHH . 3 . Penpo.llYKTHBHaR CHCTeMa MOllteT ~ Oo.nee nonaepllteHHOA nOTeHUHa.llJ:,HOMy BpenHOMY B03neACTBH10, qeM npyrne opraHbt H CHCTeMbl. 3TO cne,oyeT HMeTb B B11.llY npH pa3paoorKe CTaHnapTOB B oO.naCTH npo¢ecCHOHaJTbHOA rnrneHbl. 4. 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EBponeHCKOMY pernoHaJU,HOMY OJOpo B03 cnenyeT ocymecTBJIRTb TecHoe COTPY.IlHH'leCTBO c MeJICnyHapoJlHblMH npo¢eccHOHam,HblMH accoUHaUHRMH B EBpone, 3aHHMaJOmHMHCR BonpocaMH nepecpHeHTaUHH Me.1111UHHCKoro oOy4eHHR B HanpaBneHHH TIMCTI. - 174 - PaO<JqaR rpyrma no oueHKe perHOHaJ!bHOH nporpaMMbl CTHneH,llHH H nonroTOBHTeJJbHblX KypcOB 3arpe0, 11-13 OKTR0pR 1983 ro.na ICP/PTR 007(5) 0725A 12 neKaOpR 1983 rona OPHrnHAJl: AHI'JJl10CKffil B naHHOM coaemaHHH npHHR.m! yqacTHe 18 rrpencTaBHTeneH 13 eaponeHCKHX CTpaH, BKJTIO'!aR ObrBMHX CTHneHnHaTOB B03, ,11}1j)eKTOPOB yqpe~eHHH, 3aHHMalOIIiHXCR nonrOTOBKOH CTHneHnHaTOB 003 , nHpeKTOpoB nonroTOBHTeJJbHblX KypcoB B03, a TaK)l(e HaUHOHaJJbHblX COTPYnHHKOB no CTHTTeHnHRM. XOTR HeT qeTKHX MexaHH3MOB oueHKH nporpaMM CTa)l(HPQBKH H nonroTOBHTeJJbHblX KYJ)COB B03, no oOmeMY MHeHHIO, OHH BHeCnH 3Ha=TeJJbHhlH BKnan B pa3BHTHe HaUHOHaJ!bHblX cny)l(O 3npaaooxpaHeHHR H MenHUHHCKIDC yqeOHbrx 3aaeneHHH. B CBR3H c 3THM nepen PaO<JqeH rpynnoA ObrnH nocTaBneHbr c ne.llYJ()mHe 3ana=: o0cynHTb HOByJO TTOnHTHKY B OTHOmem!H CTHneHnHH, o noOpeHHyJO HcnonKOMOM B ero pe30JTIOUHH EB71.R6, H npoaHanH3HpoBaTI, TTOTpeCHOCTH B oueHKe, KOTOpbre H3 Hee Bb!TeKaIOT; npoaHanH3Hpoaan, HTOrn H3yqeHHR KOHCYJJbTaHTOM perHOHaJ!bHOH nporpaMMbl CTHneHnHH H nOWOTOBHTeJ!bHblX KYJ)COB: BbrpaOoTaTI> peKOMeH.naUHH, KaCarolllHecR naJJbHeH1I1ero pa3BIITHR nporpaMMbl CTHneHnHH B CTpaHax EaponeAcKoro pernoHa Ha PernoHaJ!bHOM Oropo, a TaK)l(e MeTonoa HX oueHKH. ITOnHTHKa 803 a OTHomeHHH CTHneH.l]J,!H, ~TbIBaromaR nOTpeCHOCTH rnoOaJJbHOH H pernoHaJJbHblX CTpaTerHH nOCTH)l(eHHR 3nopoBbR nnR acex K 2000 rony PaO<JqaR rpyrma paCCMOTpena noKyMeHTbl, ne)l(amHe B OCHOBe pe30JTIOUHH HcnonHHTeJ!bHOro KOMHTeTa EB71.R6, BKJTIOqaR noKnanLI reHepaJ!bHOro nHPeKTOpa ceMbnecRT nepBOH ceccHH HcnonHHTeJ!bHOro KOMHTeTa 0 nOnHTHKe B OTHOmeHID! 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HecMOTPR Ha HX orpa=eHHbie MacmTaObr, MeponpHRTHR B03 no nonroTOBKe CTHneHnHaTOB TaK)l(e Hrpa!OT Ba)l(HyJO poJ!b B pa3BHTHH cny)l(O 3npaaooxpaHeHHR B EaponeHCKOM perHOHe, rne nHmh orpa=eHHOMY qHcny npeHMYmeCTBeHHO OTBeTCTBeHHbIX paOoTHHKOB rrpenocraanRIOTCR CTHneHnHH, 003q:> HeKOTOPblX MeponpHRTHH nporpaMMbl CTHneH,llHH 003, 3aaepmeHHbIX B TeqeHHe nep1-10na 1978-1982 rr. KOHCYJ!bTaHT, npcxf). H. 4epaeHKa, rrpencraBHn pe3yJJbTaTbr HCcnenoaaHHR, npoaeneHHOro B COOTBeTCTBHH c npOTOKOnOM, pa3paOOTaHHbIM KoHcyJ!bTaTHBHOH rpynnoH B RHBape 1983 rona. OH nonqepKHYn, qTQ npH npoaeneHHH HccnenoaaHHR He CTaBHnaCb ueJ!b nony=n, HayqHble naHHble. OHO RBnReTCR KaK Ohr BBeneHHeM B npoOneMY, nonne)l(amyJO oOcy~eHHIO B CBeTe He.naBHHX H3MeHeHHH B nonHTHKe CTHneHnHH B03. KoHcyJ!bTaHT TaK)l(e OTMeTHn HanH=e HeKOTOPblX norpell!HOCTeH, oOycnoaneHHbIX HecornacoBaHHOCTI>IO neHCTBHH MecTHblX HccnenoaaTenei:l, KOTOphle coOHpanH H rOTOBHnH HaqaJ!bHyJO HH<f)opMauHIO. 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Pa0o4aJ! rpynna C4HTaeT, 4TO crpaxoBaHHe cnmeH,DHaTOB OT OonesHeii m-paeT BalKHYlO poJlb B oOecne4eHHH HX OnarococTORHHR H n03TOMY cne,oyeT aBTOMaTH4eCKH npoBO,DHTb CTµaXOBaHHe npH npe.oocraeneHHH CTHneH,DHii. B Ka4€CTBe O.DHOro H3 BalJCHblX (j)aKTOpoB oOecne4eHHR ycnemHOH CTalKHpoBKH ynOMHHanaCb Heo0XO,DHMOCTb npoee.oeHHR COCYI'BeTCTBY]Obl}IX OpH¢HHrOB H KOHTponR sa npoXOlK,DeHHeM nO.DrOTOBKH. npH 3TOM oOcyJK,DeHHJO no,DBeprnHCb pa3n1-NH1,1e no,oxom,1, Hcn0Jlbsye1<1>1e B 3TOH oOnacTH. Bbma no.ll'lePKHYTa uenecooOpasHOCTb npe.oc TaBneHHR COOTBeTCTBYIOtI!eH HH¢QpMaUHH CTpaHaMH, KOTOpbJe npHHHMalOT CTHneH,DHaTOB . rpynna C4HTaeT, 4TO ycneJllHaR no.oroTOBKa ecex CTHneH,DHaTOB onpe,oenReTCR xopomHMH 3HaHHRMH R9blKOB . OOcyJK,DeHHJO no.oeeprnHCb COCYI'BeTCTBYIOtI!He MeTO.llbl oueHKH H Bi,J,Da4H Y.DOCTOBepeHHA. 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Bo ocex cnyqaRX OtteHb none3Ha COBMecTHaR oueHKa JDOOoH nporPaMMhl OOytteHHR npenonaBaTeneM H CTHneH.DHaTaMH. 9. CnenyeT CTI!MynHpoBaTb HCnOnb30BaHHe nIDC>blX paUHOHanbHb!X MexaHH3 MOB nOMHMO MeXaHH3MOB nonroTOBKH CTHTTeH,!lHaTOB (HX onHCaHHe flPHBOllliTCR B .DOKyMeH"re EB71/4, cc . 5-7, attrnl1i'tCKoe H3.DaHHe). Hx MOll(HO oueHHBaTb, HCnOJlb3yR re ,r;e MeTO.Dbl, '!TOH B nporpaMMe CTHneH,DliH, CnenyeT BKnID'!aTb H MeTO,llbl 6pHranHoro OOyqeHHR CTHneH,!lHaTOB B Kattecrae aJlbTepHaTIIBHblX MeTO.DOB nonrOTOBKH, - 177 - CeMHHap no "'3Y'-leHJ.ilO pom-1 Y'-!aCTBYKlUHX ueHTPQB 8:)3 B oOecneqeHHH Henpel'.JblBHOro QCyqeHHR, cneUHaJlbHOH no.nrOTOBKH H HayqHbJX Hccne,!lOBaHHH B oCnaCTH oCpa30BaHHR noH.nOH, 31 OKTR6PR - 2 HOR6pR 1983 rona B Be.neHHe ICP/EDS 007(l )(S) 0753A 14 .neKa6pR 1983 ro.na OP11TIIHAJ1: AHI'nl1H:K11H B pa6oTe CeMHHapa npHHRnH Y'-laCTHe 22 npe.ncraBHTenR H3 17 eBponeHCKHX CTpaH, OnHH Ha6mo.naTe.1lb H q en,1pe COTPY ,!lHHKa 803 . 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Co,aep)l(aHHe yqeOHblX nporpaMM ,DOn)l(HO COOTBe=TBoBaTb nQTPeOHOCTRM 3 ,apaaooxpaHeHHR. 5. PYKOBO.DCTBO H 3KOHOMHKa . BonpocaMH opraHH3auHH llMCn 3aHHMaeTCR PYKOBO,llRIIIHH nepcoHan. ,llon)l(Hbl JlH PYKOBO,llRIIIHe paOoTHHKH Ob!Tb apaqaMH no npo<l>eccHH? KaK a.aMHHHCTPaTHBHOMY nepcoHany, TaK H apaqaM cne,ayeT npQHTH no.arOTOBKY K paOoTe a ycnOBHRX c.aep)l(l-!BaHHR <l>HHaHCOBWX pacxo.aoa. 0Ha HeoOXO,llHMa .DJlfl CBoeBpeMeHHOH a.aanTaUHH K cymecrayKlllHM ycnOBHRM, a TaK)l(e ,DJlR TBopqecKoro HCTTOJ!l,30BaHHR HaKonneHHbIX 3HaHHH a uenruc y.aoaneTBOpeHHR nQTPeOHOCTeli HaceneHHR B oOnacTH 3.apaaooxpaHeHHR. 6. Yqam1-1ecR. HeoOXO,llHMO OoJ!bllle 3HaTb O MOTHBaUHH yqam1-1xCR H ycnOBHRX HX paOoThl H yqeO,i. P eKOMeH,aaUHH l. OueHKa HenpeP!,tBHOro oOyqeHHR. B03 Owno PeKOMeH.DOBaHO npQBecTH B pa3HblX CTpaHax cneUHam,Hble HCCne.aoaaHHR no BOnpocaM Henpept,tBHOro oOyqeHHR B oOnaCTH nepa=oli Me,llJ,IKO-CaHHTapHOH nOMOMH C ocoC'l,1M ynopoM Ha npoOneMW npecrape.llhlx. pe3ym,TaThl 3THX 1-1=ne.aoaaHHli nocnyJKaT OCHOBOH .DJlfl npoae,aeHHR nocne,ayKIIJeH oueHKH . Cao~ 3aHHTepecoBaHHOCTh B npoae,aeHHH TaKoro 1-1ccne,aoBaHHR BhlPa3HnH npe,acraBHTe.llH HHCTHTYTa rnrneHbl B na,aye, <l>aKYJ!l,TeTa Me,llHUHHCKHX HaYK B n1-1=aOoHe, BpHTaHCKoro TPeCTa CTpaXOBaHHR )l(H3HH B noH.DQHe H YnpaaneHHR Me,llHUHHbl B TpoMCe. 2. npHHRTHe pemeHHli a oOnacTH cneUHanH3aUHH. B03 Owno peKOMeH.DOBaHO yCTaHOBWI'l, KOHTaKT c TeMH H3 yqaCTHHKOB COBe!llaHHR, KOTQP!,!e npQRBHJIH 3aHHTepecoBaHHOCTb B Pa3paOoTKe 3TOro aonpoca, H npe.ano= HM nO.DrOTOBIITb npQTOKOn COOTBeTCTByKll!ero HCcne.aoaaHHR. 3 . C03,aaHHe CeTH cneUHa.llHCTOB, paOoTaKll!HX B oOnaCTH nOJirQTOBKH npeno.aaaaTeJ!l,CKOro COCTaBa. B03 Oblno peKOMeH,llOBaHO co.aeHCTBOBaTb =~ MeXaHH3Ma, oOecne'fl!BaKlllero nOCTORHHble KOHTaKThl cneUHa.llHCTOB, paOoTaKll!HX B oOnaCTH no,arOTOBKH npeno,aaBaTem,CKoro COCTaBa, C uem,~ o0MeHa I-0-r'l>opMaUHeH, OllblTOM, Ka.apaMH, Pe3ym,TaTaMH HaYqHbJX HCcne,aoaaHHH H npoeKTOB no oueHKe, a TaJ<)l(e, B03MO)l(HO, nocne,ayK111ero l-13.aaHHR cneUHam,Horo O~nnereHR. npe.acraaHTe.llH Bp1-1TaHCKoro TPecra CTpaxOBaHHR )l(H3HH B noH,llOHe Bb1Pa3HJIH 3aHHTepecOBaHHOCTb B npoae,aeHHH TaKOH paOoThl . 4. CneUHaJJK3aUHR. B03 Obi.no PeKOMeH,llOBaHO CTHMY.llHPQBaTb nnaHHpoBaHHe 1-1 BHe.npeHHe CHCTeMW cneUHam,HQH no.aroTOBKH C yqeTOM nOTpe0HOCTeH HaceneHHR B oOnacTH 3.DPaBOOxpaHeHHR. nepBblM maroM B 3TOM HanpaaneHHH MOr Obi CTaTb c0op ,DaHHb[X O COCTORHJ,IJ,f .aen B pa3.11HqHbJX CTpaHax H ero oueHKa C TO=H 3 peHHR nOTpe0HOCTeH HaceneHHR. ,llJIR 3TOro Heo0XO.DHMW ,aaHHble O KaqecTBeHHWX H KonuqecraeHHblX xaPaJ<Tep1-1crHKax, KOTOP>Ie Momo nony'fl!Tb a xo.ae on1-1caTem,Horo 1-1ccne.aoaaHHR xapaKTepHblx ocoOeHHOCTeH cneuuam,HOH no.arOTOBKH, CHCTeM nOCT,llHnnoMHoro oOyqeHHR, a,DMHHHCTpaTHBHblX acneKTOB, a TaK)l(e HeKOTO~x ocoOeHHocTeli oT.aem,Hblx a1-1.aoa cneUHa.llH3aUHH. npoae,aeH1-1e 3Kcnep1-1MeHTam,Horo 1-1ccne.aoaaHHR - 180 - CO,lleHCTBOBaJlO Obi onpe,lleneHHIO oOnacTeH H MeTO.llOB TaKOl'O HCCne,llOBaHJ,fR. Ero KOHe'-11-!0H uem,10 Cy,lleT onpe,lleneHJ,1e COOTBeTCTBHR cneUl-Iam,Hoo nO.Jl["OTOBKH HaUHOHaJll,HblM CTpaTe["l-IRM B oCnacTH nepBl-l'IHOH Me.lll-IKO-CaHHTapHOH n OMOIIIH- npe,llCTaBHTenH EBaH!'enHHCKOl'O rocmrranR B A<l>m;ax H 11HCTHTYTa ["l,J["l-IeHbI B na.nye Bhlpa3Hnl-I CBOIO 3aHHTepecOBaHHOCTb B npoBe,lleHJ-ll-l STOro HCCne,llOBaHHR. 803 C'.blno npe,llnOll(eHO paCCMO'rpeTb '3TH BOflPOCl,I c PYKOBO,ll/!IIIHMH opraHaMJ.I B CTpaHax. 4e-rBep-roe COBelllaHHe KoHcyJlbTaTHBHOro KOMHTeTa no cpe,nHecpo<oiol'I nporpaMMe pa3BHTHR xa.npoB 3.llPaBOOxpaHeHHR JIOH.llOH, 3-4 HOR0pR 1983 ro.na - 18 1 - ICP/PPM 003(3)(5) 0788A 09 MapTa 1984 ro.na OPID'HHAJI: AHrJ11,1K:KJ1l1 KOHCy.llbTaTHBHblH KOMHTeT no pa3BHTHIO Ka.npoB 3.npaBOOxpaHeHHR o.in C03.naH B 1976 ro.ny .nnR npoBe.neHHR perynRpHOO oueHKH nporpaMMbl H BblpaOoTKH peKOMeH.naUHA OTHOCHTeJlbHO ee .llaJ!bHeHll!ero OCY111ecTBneHHR , KOHCYJlbTHPQBaHHR EBponel'lcxoro pernOHaJ!bHOrO O!Opo no oonpocaM COOTBeTCTBHR H nepB004epe,llHOCTH pean1-13yeMblX npoeKTOB, a TaK)l(e pa3paOoTKH npe,nno)l(eH~ 0 nyTRX pa3BHTHR COTPY.nHH4eCTBa H B03M0)1(H0CTRX ¢HHaHCHpoBaHHR nporpaMM. TpH npe.l]bl,llymHe cosemaHHR KoHCYJlbTaTHBHOro KOMHTeTa npoXO,llHnH s 1976, 1978 H 1981 rr. Ha TpeTbeM COBemaHHH s 1981 r o .ny OblnH pa3paooraHbl oOmHe H c neUHaJlbHl,le peKOMeH,nauHH no BOnpocaM paUHOHaJ!bHOro HCnOJlb30BaHHR nnaHHPQBaHHR Ka.npoB 3.npaBOOxpaHeHHR, nepeopHeHTaUHH 0a30BOH no.nro TOBKH, HenpepblBHOro oOy4eHHR, a TaK)l(e no pa3BHTHIO nporpaMM oOy4eHHR B pa3JIH\{Jil,IX oOnaCTRX H nporpaMMbl CTHneH~ 803. Ha 4eTBepTOM COBemattHH KoHcyJlbTaTHBHhlH KOMHTeT CTaBHn nepe.n coOol'I 3 a,na4Y pacCMOTpeTI, nocne.nHHe ,llOCTH)l(eHHR B peanH3aUHH eBponel'ICKOH CTpaTerHH H ycneXH B pa3BHTHH Ka.npoB 3.npaBooxpaHeHHR, no.nBePrttyTh attan1-13y H oueHKe npoBO,llHMble c HOROpR 1981 ro.na MeponpHRTHR no nporpaMMe, BblpaOoTaTh npaKTH4ecKHe peKOMett.naUHH no peanH3aUHH MeponpHRT~ 803 B 1984-1985 rr., oOcy,llHTh H pexoMeH.nOBaTh K npaKTH4eCKOMY HCnOJlb30BaHHIO no.nxo.llbl K ocymecTBneHHIO MeponpHR~ 803, pa3paooraHH1,1X Ha 1986-1987 rr. , a TaK)l(e Ha cne.ny!Ol!lee .nByxne-r1-1e. B paOoTe COBemaHHR npHHRnH y'{aCTHe 18 npe,ncTaBHTenel'I H3 17 eBponel'ICKHX CTPaH, a TaK)l(e IIJTaTHble COTPY.nHHKH IIJTa0-KBaPTHPbl B03 H EBponel'lcxoro pernoHaJlbHOro 0 10po. B HX =cne OblnH cneuHanHCTbl B oOnaCTH .nHnnOMHOH H nOCT,llHnnOMHOH Me,llHUHHCKOH no,nroTOBKH, ycoBepmeHCTBOBaHHR Bpa4el'I, npeno.naBaHHR CeCTPHHCKOro .nena, PYKOBO.llCTBa 3,llpaBOOxpaHeHHeM Ha HaUHOHaJ!bHOM ypoBHe, a TaKlKe npe.ncraBHTenH HeKOTOPblX opraHH3au~, B 4aCTHOCTH, AccoUHaUHH paOOl'HHKOB Me.nHUHHCKOro o0pa30BaHHR B EBpone, CKaH,nHHaBCKOH ¢e.nepauHH paoorHHKOB Me,llHUHHCKOro o0pa30BaHHR, AccouHaUHH IIIKOn o0111ecTBeHHOro 3.npaBooxpaHeHHR EBponel'lcKoro pernoHa H KOMHCCHH eBponel'ICKHX cooOmecTB. HCXO,llHaR HH¢QPMaUHR Ha COBelllaHHH paCCMaTPHBaJIHCb cne.nyJ<l!IHe rnaBHble TeMbl: HOBble ,llOCTH)l(eHHR B peanH3aUHH EBponel'ICKOH CTpaTerHH ,llOCTH)l(eHHR 3,llQp()BbR .nnR BCeX K 2000 ro.ny H HX B03,nel'lcTBHe Ha pa3BHTHe Ka,llp()B 3,llpaBOOxpatteHHR; o03op MeponpHR~ no nporpaMMe 1982-1983 rr.; npoeKT nnaHoB paOoTbl Ha 1984-1985 rr. H 1986-1987 rr. B paMKax cpe.nHecpotniol'I nporpaMMbl no pa3BHTHIO Ka.npoB 3.npaBOOXpaHeHHR H 4aCTH'Oioe paCCMOTPeHHe nnaHa .nonrocpo'{HblX MeponpHRTHH, KOTOpble Oy.nyT BKnI04eHhl B 8-10 cOllyIO nporpaMMy paOOTbl. B OCHOBY npH o0cy)l(.lleHHH BCeX 9THX oonpocoB Oblna nono)l(eHa perHOHaJ!bHaR crpaTerHR .llOCTH)l(eHHR 3.llOPQBbR .nnR BCex K 2000 ro.ny H, B 4aCTHOCTH, .!!Be pernOHaJ!bHble 3a.na=, npe,ll110lKeHH1,1e B paMKax nporpaMMbl Pa3BHTHR Ka.npoB 3.npaBOOxpatteHHR: K 1988 ro.ny BO BCex CTPaHax PernoHa nnattHPQBaHHe, no.nrOTOBKa Ka.npoB 3,npaBOOxpatteHHR H ynpaBneHHe HMH Oy.nyT B OoJlbmel'I CTeneHH COOTBe'I'CTBOBaTh HaUHOHaJ!bHblM no'I'peOHOCTRM B oOnaCTH 3,llpaBOOxpaHeHHR H nOnHTHKe .ll()CTH)l(eHHR 3.llOPQBbR .nnR Bcex, npH 3TOM OoJlbme BHHMaHHR Oy.neT y.nenRThCR nepBH'OiOH Me.nHKO-CaHHTapHOH noMomH, CTHMynHPQBaHHIO, npo¢HnaKTHKe H peaOHnHTaUHH, a TaK)l(e COOTBe'I'CTByKllleMy HCITOJlb30BaHHIO ,llHarHOCTH4eCKHX H TepaneBTH4ecKHX MeTO.llOB (3a.na4a 79). - 18 2 - K 1988 rO.IIY npocBel!leHHe paCioTIIBKOB .lll)yrnx ceKTOpoB, nOMHMO ceKTOpa 3,llpaBOOXpaHeHHR, oOecne'lJ,iT a.neKBaTHhie 3HaHHR npHHUI-ICTOB 3,llB H nO.[JrOTOBKY B oOnacTH npaJ<Tl-1'-lecKOH Peartl-13aJ.MI-I HaUHOHaJlbHOH nOJII.1TI-1KH 1-1 nporpaMM 3,llB npHMeHHTem,Ho K HX coOCTBeHHOMY ceKTOPY (3a.na'-la 81) . B OCHOBY nporpaMMbl pa3BHTl-lR Ka.lll)OB 3,llpaBOOXpaHeHHR Ha nePf.10.ll 1984--1989 rr. CTOJlOl!.eHa pa3paOOTKa llleCTH npoOneM, Tpe0yJOllIHX HeoTJlOl!.HOro paireHHR, nnaHHpoBam,e Ka.lll)OB 3.lll)aBOOXpaHeHHR Bee ellle He COOTBeTCTBYeT paCTY!IIHM noTpe0HOCTRM B pa3BHTHH CHCTeMbI Me,llHKc:r-caHHTapHoro oOcnyl!.HBaHHR 1-1 3ana'-laM no ero npe.nocTaBneHHJO HaceneHH~- - Me.llJleHHbIMH TeMna MH QCYlllecTBJlReTcR nepeopHeHTa UHR H npeoOpa30BaHHR C uem,~ yCKOpeHHOro pa3BHTHR nepB!-1'-lHOH Me,llHKCr-CaHl-!TapHOH n OMOinH H paOIIHpeHHR .neRTeJU,HOCTH no Y.llOBJleTBOPeHHJO OOTPe6HOCTeH HaceneHHR . 8 paMJ<ax HauHOHaJlbHbIX CHCTeM 3.lll)aBooxpaHeHHR He.nOCTaTO'-IHO pa3BIITbl nporpaMMhl CHCTeMaTH'-!ecKOH no.nrOTOBKH H ycoBePllleHCTBOBaHHR Bcex KaTeropHH nepcoHana. 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P€!IleHHe yKa3aHHbIX npoOJleM oOyCJlOBJlHBaeT HeoOXO,llHMOCTh paccMo-rpeHHR TaKHX BOCTpOCOB, KaK COTPY,IIHH'-lecTBO 803 c .llPYrHMH yqpel!.,lleHHRMH; pa3BHTHe CBR3eH Mel!..ny ne.narorH'-leCKHMH y'-!eOHbIMH 3aBe.neHl-lRMH; COOTBeTCTBHe n porpaMM ycoBeP111 eHCTBOBa HW1 Bpa'-!eH 3a,na'-1aM no npo.nBHHYTOH n o .nroTOBKe cneUHa11HCToB; BbinyCK yqeOHblx MaTep1-1anoB; n o .nroTOBKa PYKOBO,IIRIIlero cOCTasa; npoBe.neH1-1e o ue1-nrn; n o .nroTOBKa cneUHaJlHCTOB, B KOTOPbIX HYl!.naeTCR KOMMYHaJlbHoe 3,llpaBOOXpaHeHHe; o pHeHTaul-lR paCioTHHKOB 3,llpaBOOXpaHeHHR Ha npe.nOCTaBJleHHe n epBH'-IHOH Me,llHKCr-CaHHTapHOH n OMO!IIH H npoBe.neHHe HayqHbIX 1-1cc11e.noBaHHA. no yOel!.,lleHHJO y'-!aCTHHKOB COBelllaHHR HeoOXO,llHMO no,llBeprttyn, paccMOTpeHHJO BKJla.ll npe.ncTaBHTeneA Pa3.rnNHbIX Me,llHUHHCKHX npcxj>ecCHH B peanH3= CTpaTerHH ,llOCTHl!.eHHR 3.llOP0BbR .llJlR ocex K 2000 ro.11Y. 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TaKaR oueHKa, B ttaCTHOCTH , MO~eT noKa3aTb , Ha KaKHX yqacrKax CHCTeMa npo<l>ecCHOHaJlbHOH noMOMH pa3BHBaJlaCb HenpaBHJlbHO. npH 9TOM KPHTepHH oueHKH .n=Hbl yqHTblBaTb He TOJlbKO xapaKTepHbte oco0eHHOCTH npo<l>eccHOHaJlbHOH .neRTeJlbHOCTH, HOH CHCTeMbl ttenpo<l>ecCHOHaJlbHOro oOCJly=BaHHR. 5. KpoMe npoee.neHHR oueHKH CYllleCTByeT Heo0XO,llHMOCTb ITPHHRTHR Mep OOJlHTHttecKoro xapaKTepa, HMeIOl!IHX UeJlblO pacnpoc-rpaHeHHe oOl!leH HmapMaUHH O caMonoMOMH .llJ1R CO.lleHCTBHR OCYl!leCTBJleHHIO npeo0pa30BaHl-!A, paCl!IHPRIOl!IHX BO3MO~OCTb Bb!Oopa .llJ1R HaceneHHR. Henpo<l>ecCHOHaJlbHOe oOcnymBaHHe .n~o oOpecrH Co0crBeHHYIO nOJ1HTl-ftlecKYIO opraHH3aUHIO B paMKaX CHCTeMbl Me.nHKO-CaHHTapHOH nOMOl!IH. 3TO no3BOJ1HJ10 C'.1,1 oOHapo.noBaTb nO3HUHIO 9TOro .nBH~eHHR H npHHRTb MepbJ K pacl!IHpeHHIO ero B03MO~HocreA. - 189 - OCHOBbJBaRCb Ha omrre npaKTI-NecKOH paOoTbJ, ~a=HllKl1 COBe111aHHR np11DIJ111 K BbJBO.IlY O TOM, '-ITO oueHKa caMOnOMOllll1 nomtHa O!HOCHTbCR He CTOJU,KO K HHnHBH,IIyaJU,HbJM rpynnaM, CKOJll,KO K MexaHH3MaM no,ll.lleplKJ<H neRTeJll,Ho=H rpynn caMonoMODJH. no noBO.IlY TaKOH oueHKH Cb!J111 BbJCKa3aHbl CJle.llYI01!111e MHeHHR: 1. KaK npaBHJlO, ~BH,IIyaJU,HbJe rpynrn,J caMOnOMO11111 HYl!.JlaJOTCR He CTOJU,KO B <l>HHaHCOBOH no,ll.llepll(Ke, CKQJll,KO B HH<l>paCTPYKTYpe, KOTOpaR nana CbJ B03MOll(HOCTb, noMHMO npociero, o()MeHHBaTbCR HaKOnJleHHbJM omrroM, y=aHaBJ111BaTb KOHTaKTbl (B TOM "!HCJle, C npo<l>ecCHOHaJU,HbJMH paOoTHHKaMH) H no,ll.llepll(HBaTb TaKHM o()pa3OM npeeM=BeHHOCTb ocymecTBJlReMOH neRTeJll,Ho=H. l1H<l>pacTPYKTYpa noJlll(Ha pa3BHBaTbCR 3a ccieT C03naHHR ocnoMoraTem,Hblx MexaHH3MOB npoMelltyTO"!HOrQ ypoBHR, HanpHMep CaHKOB ,llaHHbJX. B ueJlOM, BbJCpaHHaR <l>opMa opraHll3aU1111 HH<l>paCTPYKTYPbJ no11ll(Ha o()ecne"!HTb Oonee IIIHPOKHH cneKTP B03MOll(Ho=ei'I = caMonoMO11111 (cM. peKoMe~aUHH paOociero coBemaHHR 1982 rona no oonpocaM neRTem,HocTH rpynn B3aHMOnOMO11111 , Kaca~mHMCR B03MOll(Ho=ei'I OKa3aHHR npaKTI-NeCKOH H no1111TINeCKOH no,ll.llep= pa()are TaKHX rpynn ). 2. ITpH oueHKe BCnOMo raTeJU,HblX CHCTeM Heo()XOnHMO =aBHTb BOnpoc O TOM, opHeHTHPQBaHbl 1111 OHH Ha ynoBJleTBOpeHHe nOT!)eOHOCTeH rpynn caMonoMOIIJl1. l1MeHHO 3TOT <l>a KTOP oC\ecne"!HBaeT npHeMJleMOCTb H YTl111HTapHOCTb CHCTeM no,ll.llepll(K11. 8 3TOH CBR3H Ha Hb!HemHeM 3Tane Heo()XOnHMO non5eprHYTI, o ueHKe MexaHH3Mbl no,ll.lleplKJ<H • Ee uem, n o=a COCTORTb He B a11a11113e o()QcHOBaHHo=H HJ111 3<1><1>eKTHBHo=H TaKHX MeXaHl13MOB , a B o()o()111eHHH H aHa11113e MecTHb!X H pernOHaJU,HblX TPanHUHH , a TaKll(e HaKOnJleHHOro OflbJTa B Ue.nRX Oonee IIIHPQKOro HX HCTTOJ1l,3OBaHl1R B paMKax npo<l>ecc11OHam,HOH 11 Henpo<l>ecc11OHaJU,HOH TTOMOIIJl1. 3. CaM <l>aKT cymecTBOBaHHR rpynn CaMOnOMO1!111 c:.r ' nyeT paccMaTpHBaTb KaK no=aTO"!Hoe nonTBepll(JleHHe HX uenecoo()pa3HOCTl1. B 3TOH CBR311 He cnenyeT npoBOnHTb BHelll~~ o ueHKY 11HnHBl1,IlyaJU,HbJX rpynn, QCQ()eHHo B CBR3H C TeM, "!TO ue1111 11 oco0eHHOCTl1 paCOTbJ 3THX rpynn MOryT cyme=BeHHO MeHRTbCR B TecieHHe BpeMeH11 . rpynna noJlll(Ha 11Me= BO3MOll(HOCTb npoBeneHHR BfiYTpeHHeH oueHK11, eCJ111 TaKaR oueHKa, no ee MHeHHIO, Heo()xon11Ma. Ee CJle,IIyeT npoBo nl1Tb B COOTBeT=B1111 C ycraHOBKaMH rpynflbl 11 C 11CTTQJll,3OBaHl1eM (B CJly"tae Heo()XOnHMOCTH) anpo()HPQBaHHblX MeTonoB npO<l>ecc110HaJll,HOH 3KCITePTl13bl. ITp11 npoBeneH1111 3TOH oueHKl1 11 aHaJ1113a ~eOHoro npouecca B rpynne Heo()XOnHMO Y"ll1TblBaTb OflblT H npaKTHKY caMoo()~eHHR. TaKOH nonxo n nocnyll(HT OCHOBOH = npoBeneHHR MOH11Top11Hra no=aBJleHHb!X rpynnoo ueneA 11 xo.na HX pea11113 aU1111. PaOoqee cosemaHHe no sonpocaM yKpenneHHR 3nopoBbR Monone~H reiinenbOepr, <t>enepan1BHaR PecnyOnHKa repMaHHH , 4-6 HJOnR 1983 rona - 190 - ICP/HED 021(2) (S) 0707A 29 asrycra 1983 rona OPHrHHAJl : HEMEUKHA naHHoe PaOoqee COBemaHHe Oblno BTOPhlM B cepHH H3 4eTbJpeX cosemaHHH 3KCTTePTOB, UeJlbID KOTO~X RBnReTCR oOcy~neHHe oonpocos oxpaHbl 3nopoBbR Monone= . nepsoe cocroRnOCb s ceHTROpe 1982 rona B 3aJlbuOypre , OCHOBHoe BHHMaHHe Ha HeM OblnO yneneHo oueHKe COCTORHHR nen B YKa3aHHOH oOnacn1 , et.in TaK~e oOcy~neH PRn MenHK<rcaHHTapHhlX nonxonos K o xpaHe 3nopoBbR Monone= B mKone, Ha npoH3Boncrse H Ha orm1xe . nposeneHHe ,JJaHHOro COBemaHHR, a TaK~e nsyx npyrnx , Ha KOTOPblX OynyT paCCMOTpeHhl BOnpocJ,1, KacaIDMHeCR KOHUeTTUHH H nonHTHKH B naHHOH oOnaCTII (OKTROPb 1983 rona), a TaK: nO3HTIIBHble acneKTbl COCTORHHR nen B cpenH3eMHOMOPCKHX crpaHaX (BecHa 1984 rona), cnenyeT paccMaTpHBaTb B KOHTeKcre npHHRTOro OpraHH3aUHeH OOl>enHHeH=x HaUHH pemeHHR oO'.bRBHTb 1985 ron Me~nyHaponm1M ronoM Monone= . B paOoTe cosemaHHR npHHRnH yqacrHe 15 cneUHanHcros H3 9 rocynapcTs-qneHOB , B HX =cne spa=, cneUHanH3HPYIDWHecR B OCHOBHOM B oOnaCTII 3nHneMHonorHH, a TaK~e npenonasaTenH , ncHxonorn H coUHonorn , 3aHHMaIDWHecR oonpocaMH caHHTapHoro npocsemeHHR MOnone~H. YqacrHHKH cosemaHHR craBHnH nepen coOoii cnenyIDmHe uenH : pa=MOTpeTb neiicTBYIDMHe npol"'paMMhl H npoeKTW B oOnaCTII YKpenneHHR 3nopoBbR H MOTHBaUHH Monone= B MKOne , Ha npoH3BOnCTBe H Ha OT,ll!,lxe; npoBecTH MOHHTOpHHr 3'1><1>eKTI!BHocrH TaKHX nporpaMM C yqeTOM HX ueneii , MeTononornH H pe3YJlbTaTOB! oOcynHTb BO3 MO~HOCTII H npeneJll,l peanH3aUHH TaKHX npoeKTOB C yqeTOM B03MO~Hocreii OXBaTa ueneBblX rpyrm; nonrOTOBHTb BblBO,llbl H peKOMeH,llaUHH, KOTOpble MOrnH Obi nocny=Tb B KaqecrBe PYKOBOncrsa npH pa3paOOTKe B crpaHaX EsponeHCKOro pernoHa MeponpHRTIM no yKpenneHHJO 3nopoBbR H YTBep~neHHJO 3noposoro o0pa3a =3HH. Bo BCTYTTHTeJlbHblX BblCTYTTneHHRX Ha cosemaHHH OblnH ocsemeHhl OCHOBHble pa3n~R Me~.IIY nonxonoM, OpHeHTHJ)OBaHHblM Ha YKpenneHHe 3nOJ)OBbR, H Tpa.IIHUHO~MH MeTOlJaMH caHHTapHOro npocsemeHHR . CTpH nposeneHHH MeponpHRTHH no YKpenneHHJO 3nopoBbR MOnone= Heo0XO.IIHMO : MOTIIBHJ)OBaTb Monone;n, K yqacTHJO B 3THX MeponpHRTHRx; - npoBO.IIHTb HH<l>OPMal..lHOHHYID paOoTY He .IIHpeKTIIBHhlMH H He aBTOpHTapHblMH MeTO,JJaMH; HCTTOJlb3OBaTb KOHUenUHJO oOpa3a ~H3HH npH nonxone K npoBO.IIHMblM MeponpHRTI!RM. "OOpa3 -3HH" cnenyeT paccMaTPHBaTb KaK B KOHTeKcre HH.IIHBH.uyaJlbHOl'O noseneHHR , TaK H B KOHTeKcre COUHaJlbHhlX, non=ecKHX H KYJlbTYPHhlX ycnOBHH , KOTOpble H!"'PaJOT sa~eiimyID poJlb npH <t>opMHpoBaHHH oOpa3a =3HH . TaKHe yrpo~IDmHe 3nopoBbID qenoseKa <t>opMb1 noseneHHR, KaK KYpeHHe, 3JlOynarpe0neHHe anKoroneM, HecOanaHCHJ)OBaHHoe nHTatrne H Hea.aeKBaTHaR ¢>H3-eCKaR aKTHBHOCTb, npencTaBnRIDT coOoH , cornacHo KOHUenUHH o0pa3a =3HH, pa3~e npoRsneHHR ocero cneKTpa <t>opM noseneHHR qenoBeKa. OHH B3aHMOCBR3aHhl H 3aBHCHMbl OT npyrnx <t>opM noseneHHR H MOryT Ob1Tb oOocoOneHhl OT HHX ffillllb B aHanH~eCKHX uenRX . nepen TeM KaK yqacrHHKH cosemaHHR pa3nenHnHCb Ha paOo=e l"'PYTTTThl nnR Oonee nonpoOHoro pa=MOTpeHHR KnIDqeBblX sonpocoB YKpenneHHR 3nopoBbR H nonrOTOBKH peKOMeHnauHA, HMH OblnH ~e- BOTTpocbl caHHTapHoro npocsemeHHR B llll<Onax H Ha npoH3BOncrse B CBR3H C peanH3aUHeH nsyx pa3paOoTaHHbtX npoeKTOB . - 191 - 0.ID1H H3 HHX ITPOBO.IIWlCR B 0 CJ10 B 1979-1981 rr. H OXBa'ThJBan 828 IIJKOJlbHJ,fl(OB B B03paCTe OT 11 .no 14 neT. Pe3yJlbTa'Thl Hccne.noBaHHR co BCeH 04eBH.OHOCTblO noKa3anH , 4TO MeponpHRTHR B oOnaCTH caHHTapHoro npoc5e111eHHR OKa3bJBalOT BnHRHHe Ha noBe,neHHe MOflO.ID,JX n10.ne11. CymeCTBeHHbJe n03HTHBHble pe3yllbTa'Thl no cpaBHeHHJO C .naHHbJMH, nonyqeHHbJMH B KOHTl)OJ!bHOH rpynne, ObUll-1 OTMe4eHbJ cpe.DH IJIKOJlbHHKOB, KOTOPble nOnyqHnH Heo0XO.DHMYIO HH<l>OPMal..lHIO O npaBHJlbHOM nHTaHHH H <l>H31-!4ecKOH KYJ!bTYpe, a TaK~e O B03MO-OCTRX H3CieraTb KypeHHR H ynOTpeCineHHR anKOramI. 3a .nsa ro.na npoBe,neHHR Hccne.noBaHHH cpe.DH HHX et.mo OTMe4eHo MeHbbJee '-11-!Cno nHU, Ha4aB111HX KYPHTb 1-!nH ynOTpeCinRTb anKOrOJlbHbJe HanHTKH. K poMe Toro, OblnO OTMe4eHO H3MeHeHHe K JlY'{IIleMY B npHBbNJ<aX nHTaHHR, yBenl-!4HnaCb TaK~e <l>H31-14ecKaR aKTIIBHOCTb IIJKOJ!bHHKOB. KaK et.mo OTMe4eHO B xo.ne nocne.ny10111e11 .DHCKYCCHH , IIJKOnaM OTBO.DHTCR ocoCio Ba~Hoe MecTO B paMKaX MeponpHRTHH no yKpenneHHJO 3.00pDBbR. B TO ~e BpeMR He cne.nyeT 3a0bJBaTb, 4TO OCHOBHbJe <l>opMbJ noBe.aeHHR' HanpHMep npHBbl'-!l<H nHTaHHR' <l>oPMHPYIOTCR B ceMbe .no nocTynneHHR peCieHKa B IIJKOny. H eKOTOPbJe yqacTHHKH COBeroaHHR OTMeTI!nH HeB03MO-OCTb npoBe,neHHR KaKHX-nHCio 9<1><1>eKTI!BHblX MeponpHRTI!H B oOnacTH caHHTapHoro npocBemeHHR B IIIKOne Cie3 yqaCTHR npeno.aaBaTeneA. Y4HTenR .non~1 He TOJlbKO n o.naBaTb npHMep CBOHM yqabJHMCR, OHH .no=Hbl Cii,JTb TaK~e MOTIIBHpoBaHbl K caMOCTORTeJ!bHOMY npoBe.neHHJO MeponpHRTHH no YKpenneHHJO 3.llOl)OBbR. B 3TOH CBR3H Ba~HO oCiecne'-11-!Tb COOTBeTCTBYJOllJYl() no.nroTOBKy npeno.naBaTeJ!bCKOro COCTaBa . 9TO n03B0nHnO Obi yCTpaHHTb Te Ciapi,epbl He,noBepHR, KOTOpbJe B03HHKalOT, B qaCTHOCTH, npH Heo0XO.OHMOCTH nepe.na= HH<l>opMaUHH, npe.nnonara10roeH ocyruecTBneHHe KOHKpeTHbJX .neHCTBHH. Ha COBelllaHHH OblnH npe.nCTaBneHbJ pe3yJ!bTaTbl npoBO.OHMOro, Ha41-!HaR C 1981 ro.na, B ABCTPHH "TipoeKTa HOblaM" , ITOCBRllleHHOro BOnpocaM caHHTapHoro npocBemeHHR Ha np0H3B0.0CTBe. XOTR nHllib cej:iqac n naHHpyeTCR paCl!IHPHTb npose.neHHe 3TOH npo<l>HnaKTH4ecKOH nporpaMMbl, OCHOBHoe BHHMaHHe B KOTOpOH y ,nenReTCR Ciop1,Cie CO 3noynarpeOneHHeM aJJl{oroneM H neKapcTBeHHbJMH npenapaTaMH, HapKOMaHHeH H KYpeHHeM Henocpe.ncTBeHHO Ha paCioqeM MeCTe . HeponpHRTHRMH .naHHoi'J nporpaMMbl ~e cei'iqac OXBa4eHO OKOno 3000 MOnom,1x paCio41-!X (npaKTHKaHTOB) . B nep1-10.n TpeXHe.neJlbHOro OT.lll>JXa B npo<l>COI03HOM naHCHOHaTe OHH yqaCTeylOT B oOcy~.neHHH npoOneM, CBR3aHHblX C He3.nopoBblMH npHBbl'-!l<aMH noBe.neHHR, a TaK~e npoXO.IIRT Kypc npo<l>1-1naKTI14ecKOro neqeHl-fR . TipoBe,neHHe MeponpHRTHH B rpynnax .naeT B03MO-OCTb BblRBHTb npl-14HHbJ B03HHKHOBeHHR He3.nopoBblX ITPHBbl4eK nose.neHHR H paCCMOTPeTb nyTH pemeHHR B03HHKbJHX npoOneM . B 3TOO CBR3H MOnO.lll>JM JDO.IIRM npe,nOCTaBnReTCR CBOCio.llHbJH BbJCiop pa3nl-14HblX 3aHRTHH (HanpHMep, TeaTpaJ!bHoe, l103Tl-!4ecKoe HnH neceHHoe TBOP4ecTBO , COCTaBneHHe o030l)OB HnH CKeT4eH H T • .n.). 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HanpHMep, nocne npe.ncTaBneHHR npoeKTa "Bcnpocbl 3,llpaBOOXpaHeHHR B .neRTeJ!bHOCTH ACCOUHaUHH HeMeUKHX CKaYTOB" npe.nCTaBHTenH 0.l]HOH 1-13 rpynn o0cy.DHnH BOnpoc o0 oueHKe MeponpHRTI!li, npoBe,neHHbJX B paMKax YKa3aHHoro npoeKTa. B 3TOM npoeKTe yqaCTBOBanO OT 20 .no 50 .neTeli B B03paCTe OT 8 .no 11 neT. OpraHH3aUHR B paMKaX .naHHoro npoeKTa pa3n1-14HblX Hrp, 3aHRTI!H <l>OTo.nenoM H T • .n. HMeno CBoeli nepcneKTHBHOH ueni,10 yKpenneHHe 3,nopoBbR .neTeH . ,OnR ee pean1-13aUHH Heo0XO.DHMO He CTOJlbKO CiopoTbCR C K ypeHHeM cpe,nH .neTeH , CKOJlbKO 3a0oTHTbCR O C03.0aHHI-I HeoOXO.DHMblX ycnOBHH .nnR pa3BHTHR y HHX 3,llopoBblX npHBbl4eK H oOmeH KYJlbTYpbl noBe.neHHR . HOHHTOPHHr 3<1><1>eKTI!BHOCTII TaKoro po.na nporpaMM CBR3aH C HeMaJlblMH TPY.llHOCTRMH . Tipe~ BCero, npHXO,llHTCR CTanKHBaTbCR C OrpaHl-!4eHHblMH <l>HHaHCOBblMH B03MO-OCTRMH . Be.no peqi, H.lleT He TOJlbKO O HeoOXO.OHMOCTH npoBe.neHHR oueHKH nHuaMH, PYKOBO.OHBIIIHMH ocyruecTBneHHeM nporpaMMbJ, HO H TeMH, KTO npHHHMan B HeH yqaCTHe. Ha COBemaHHH ObmO npe.nno~eHO TaK~e paCCMOTpeTb B03MO-OCTH HCCTOJlb30BaHHR KaK <l>OpMallbHbJX, TaK H MeHee <l>OpMaJlbHblX MeT0.00B oueHKH . - 192 - BTopaR paOo<:iaR rpynna pa3paOoTana PRJI peKoMeH.aat.a-n::i no cne,ayJOlllHM pa3m-NHhIM aonpocaM: onpe.neneHHe KOHUenJJHH; o npe.aeneHHe ueneBblX rpynn C ;"l'eTOM 33,aaq npoBOJ]}!Mb!X MeponpliRTHH; H3;"l'eHHe B03MOllHblX no.axo.aoa; pa3paOoTKa KJ)HTepHeB .[lJ1I! nnaHJ.iPOBaHliR nporpaMMbl; anpo0aUHR KPHTep1-1ea; caHHTapHoe n pocaemeHHe a 111Konax; camrrapHoe npocaemeHHe Ha n po1-13ao.acrae; caHHTapHoe npocaemeHHe Ha OT.Db1xe . npH 33KJ'.)b!THH coaemaHI-IR ero Y'f3CTHHKH n!)HHRnH cne.DYJOmHe OOll!He peKOMeH.naUHH . 1. YKpenneHHe 3.DOpoBbR cne.nyeT paccMaTpHBaTb KaK 0.DHO H3 HanpaaneHHH COUHanbHOH n o nHTHKH . 2. MOTHBHpoBaHHOCTb B nom,3y 3,DOpoBOro oOpa3a l!G13HH .DOJllltHa OCHOBb!BaTbCR, B nepaylO Ot:iepe,DI, , He Ha CTaTHCTH<{ecKHX ,DaHHblX O 3aOoneaaeMOCTH HnH CMePTHOCTH , a Ha 9TH<{ecKHX H MOpa11l,HblX acneKTaX c,OY'feHliR , B t:iaCTHOCTH, c,OY'feHHR l!G13HeHHb!M HaBb!KaM C !103HUHH KYnbTYPbl npoH3BO.DCTBa, a T3Klle BOCnHTaHHe cnocoOHOCTH K n03HaHI-IIO RaneHHA . 3 . Coo.naHHe COOTBeTCTBylOIIIHX ycnOBHH Tpyna H llH3HH cne.ayeT pacCMaTPHBaTb KaK O.DHY H3 =aBHblX <:iacrei\ .aeRTenoHOCTH no yKpenneHI-IIO 3.nopoa1,R. 3Ta .aeRTenbHOCTb npe.nnona raeT opraHH3aUHJO KOMnneKCHoro OOY'feHHR H npol>ecCHOHanbHOH no.nr oTOBKH, oOecnet:ieHHe rapaHTHpoBaHHOro npaaa Ha TPY.D , B03MOllHOCTeH ,IIJ1R nony<:ieHI-IR Heo0XO.DHMGI Me.DHKO-C3HHTapHOH nOMOIIIH, a T3Klle nJ)HHRTHe COO'TBeTCTBylOIIIHX 33KOHO.DaTeJll,HbD( n o n olleHHH . 4 . 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BallHeHIJJeH npe.nnOCblnKOH YKpenneHHR 3.DOpoBbR RBnReTCR coxpaHeHHe MHpa H npe.nOTBpa111eHHe RJiepHOH BOHHb! . 3Ta 3a,aaqa .nonllHa Obrrb BKnJO<:ieHa B nporpaMMY B03 .ll]1R EBponeHCKOrO pernOHa . 7 . Cre.acTaa MaCCOBOH HH¢0pMaUHH .DOnllHbl npH.nepllHB3TbCR 9TH<{eCKHX HOPM nJ)H n o.aa <:ie HanpaaneHHblX Ha Mono.aellb MaTep1-1anoa, nocBRllleHHb!X Me.DHKo-caHHTapHoll TeMaTHKe (HanpHMep, nocaRl!leHHb!X npoOneMaM 3noynOTpeOneH1-1R anKoroneM H neKapc-raeHHbtMH cpe.ncTaaMH , ~HHR , ceKca) . 8. He cne.ayeT OCTaanRTb BHe paMOK nporpaMM n o YKpenneHHIO 3 ,DOpoBbR Te rpynnbl no.npocTKOB, KOTOpb!e He .oocTHrnH eme nonOBOH 3penocTH; npH 9TOM, O.DH3KO , He cne.nyeT paccMaTPHBaTb HX KaK HaHOonee BallHylO ueneaylO rpynny, H MeponpHRTHR cpe,DH HHX cne,ayeT npe.nnOt:iTHTenbHO npoBO.DHTb B oObNHOM .[lJ1I! HHX OKpylleHHH (po.DHTenH , ll!KOna, MHKpopalloH) . 9 . Bonee , t:ieM B nparinoM, cne.nyeT y.nenHTb BHHMa HHe H3;"l'eHHIO ycnOBHH l!G13HH MOnO.Db!X rno.nell, B qacTHOCTH, HX KYnbTYPHblM acneKTaM . Ha paOot:ieM coaemaHHH <l>e.nepanoHb!H ueHTp caHHTapHor o npocaemeHHR B Kem,He npe.ncraaHn .naa HHTepecHb!X npoeKTa, KaCalOlllHXCR: opraHH33UHH nepe,DBHllHOH Bb!CT3BKH , nOCBRllleHHOH TeMaTHKe paOot:iero .DHR C uem,IO o0cyll,DeHHR C Y'f3CTHeM MOnO.llblX paOo<:iHX Me.DHKO-C3HHTap Hb!X npoOneM, C KOTOPblMH OHH cranKHBalOTCR Ha np:)H3 BO.DCTBe; nocraHOBKH <l>HJtbMa " War ten bis Li l i kormnt" , B KOTOpoM pacKpb!BalOTCR xapaKTepHb1e ,llJ1/! pa3mNHblX B03paCTHblX rpynn lllKOJll,HHKOB KOHKpeTHble <l>opMbl noae.neHHR , HMelOmHe 3 Hat:ieHHe, CXOllee C B03HHK3l0lllHMH n 03.DHee nJ)H nom1TKax pemeHI-IR Kall.DO.DHeBHblX npoOneM npHBblt:iK3MH K ynOTpeOneHHIO anKoronR H HapKOTHKOB, KypeHHR H T • .n.; B <l>Hm,Me noKa3aHb! am,TepHaTHBHb!e nyTH pe111eHHR npoOneM noace.ntteBHOH llH3HH, B t:iaCTHOCTH, nocpe.ncrBOM TBOpt:iecKOH <l>aHT33HH, aKTHBHOH .neRTeJll,HOCTH, .npyllecKHX CBR3eH. - 193 - CAHHTAPHOE ITPOCBEIIlEHHE PaOoqee coBeroaHHe no nonrOTOBKe B oOnacTH caHHTapHoro npocreroeHHR Kem,H, 28-29 MaPTa 1983 rona 1. BBeneHHe - 19 5 - Ha PaOoqeM COBeMaHHH rJPHCYTCTBOBa.JlH 18 3KCITePTOB H3 9 rocynapcTB-qneHOB. ICP/HED 022(4)(S) 0647A 27 MaR 1983 rona OPHrnHAJJ: AHI'.JJl,IHCKliH Ka~M H3 yqaCTHHKOB cneUHaJIH3HfXlBanCR B Bonpocax oOyqeHHR H nonroTOBKH KanpDB B CMelril-lhlX gnpasooxpaHeHHIO oOnacTRX. UeJlb COBeroaHHR COCTORJ!a B nonroTOBKe peKOMeHnaUHH OTHOCHTeJlbHO HOBblX HanpaBneHHH nonrOTOBKH KanpoB B oOnaCTH caHHTapHoro npocreroeHHR Ha OCHOBe HOBOH nporpaMMbl EBponeHCKOro pernoHam,Horo Olopo B03 B oOnacTH caHHTapHoro npocBeroeHHR. TpeMR OCHOBHblMH uenRMH nporpaMMbl B oOnaCTH caHHTapHoro npocBeroeHHR H oOpaga ~H3HH RBnRIOTCR: nOBblllleHHe KOMlleTeHUHH H 3HaHHH paOoTHHKOB O gnopoBbe H Oane3HH, o0 opraHH3Me qeno BeKa Hero <l>yHKUHRX, 0 ganaqax B oOnaCTH npo<l>HnaKTHJ<H H Oopbe51,1 C Oone3HRMH; n OBblllleHHe KOMlleTeHUHH H 3HaHHH paOoTHHKOB O <l>YHKUHOHHpoBaHHH CHCTeMbl MenHKO-CaHHTapHoro oOcny-BaHHR H MeTonax ee paOonl; nOCTH~eHHe nyqroero nOHHMaHHR COUHaJTI,HO-nOJJH=eCKHX <l>aKTopoB H <l>aKTOPOB OKPY)l(aJOMeH cpe.m,1, OKa3blBaJO!Jll,IX B03neHCTBHe Ha 3nopoBbe qenoBeKa. B xone nHCKY=HH Ha coreroaHHH BHHMaHHe Y'{aCTHHKOB C51,ino npHBneqeHO K OITblTY paOoqei:i rpyrnTul ~ 2 MeJl(J!yHaponHoro co~ga caHHTapHoro npocBeroeHHR (MCCTI), 3aHHMaBroei:icR BonpocaMH npo<l>eccHOHaJlbHOH nonrOTOBKH B oOnaCTH caHHTapHoro npocreroeHHR. YqaCTHHKH COBeroaHHR f1PHHRJIH TaK~e K CBeneH= HHHUHaTHB~, BblnBHHYTble B xone DCyllleCTBneHHR c ceHTR0pR 1981 ro.oa nporpaMMbl PerHOHaJlbHOro O~po B oOnaCTH caHHTapHoro npocBeroeHHR. Ha COBeroaHHH Ohm TaK~e nono-TeJlbHO oueHeH OllblT , HaKonneHHbM B EBponeHCKOM pernoHe B opraHH3aUHH HaUHOHaJlbHblX H Me~JlYHapo= K)'pcoB no nonrOTOBKe H oOyqeHHIO Kanpos . OnHOH H3 Ba~Hei:iroHx ganaq coBeroaHHR C51,mo H3yqeHHe B03MO~Hocrei:i co3,oaHHR EBponei:icKoH neTHeA roK= no caHHTapHOMy npocreroeHHIO H HccnenoBaHHRM B oOnaCTH YKpenneHHR gnopoBbR . OpraHH3aUHR TaKOH lllKonbl crana C51,1 nepBblM roaroM Ha ITYTH pagpaOoTKH oa30BOH yqeOHOH nporpaMMbl, BHenpeHHe KOTOpoH coneAcrBosano ~ pa3BHT= caHHTapHoro npocBeroeHHR H nonrOTOBKH KanpoB no BonpocaM YKpenneHHR 3nOpoBbR B EBponeHCKOM pernoHe. BHenpeHHe TaKOH yqeOHOH nporpaMMbl n03BOJJHnO Obi TaK~e ocoOoe BHHMaHHe npH nonrOTOBKe KanpoB ynenHTb H3Y'{eHHIO COUHaJlbHOH KOHUenUHH 3np3BOCXpaHeHHR , a TaK~e BOrJPOCOB pa3BHTHR oOpaga -3HH, OnaronpHRTHOro ,ll11R gnopoBbR. TipencTaBJIReTCR ocoOeHHO ~HblM TaK~e H3yqeHHe B03MO~HOCTeH BHenpeHHR B rocynapcTBax-qneHax TeX HOBOBBeneHHH, KOTOPble OblJIH npenno~eHbl B xone npoBeneHHh1x MeponpHRTHH. 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KpoMe roro, B xone oOcyllt,lleHHR HCITOJlb30BaJIHCb MaTepHanbl noKnanoB O COCTORHHH nen B oOnaCTH nonroTOBKH KanpoB B rocynapcTBax-qneHax. BhmH oOcY)l(neHb1 TaK~e ,oaHHble, npencrasneHHb1e paOoqei:i rpynnoi:i ~ 2 MCCTI. - 196 - 8 CBR3H C nponongeHHeM paOon,1 no cOopy HH<l>opMaUHH O Me~Hapoiim1x nporpaMMax oOyqeHHR H nonrOTOBKH KanpoB B oOnacTI! caHHTapHoro npocBemeHHR, HaqaToA B 1978 rony, Ha coBema= OblJla OTMeqeHa HeoOXO~MOCTb nocTORHHOro oOHOBneHHR TaKoro pona HHCl>opMaUHH H perynRpHoro ee pacnpocTpaHeHHR. rnaBHaR uem, co3naHHR neTiieA mKoJlb! cocroHT B coneA=BHH BHenpeHHIO HoBoro nonxona B oOme=BeHHOM 3npaBooxpaHeHHH, HanpaBneHHoro Ha yJ<penneHHe 3nopoBbR HaceneHHR H pa3BHTI!e caHHTapHoro npocBemeHHR. PaOora WKOJlb! non=a coneAcTBOBaTb pacnmpeHHJO 3HaH1-!A H npen=aBneHJ-m yqaWHXCR o COUHanbHhlX H nOnHTHqecKHX acneKTax, CBR3aHHblX C peanH3aUHeA nporpaMM H MeponpHRTHll B oOna=H caHHTaPHOro npocBemeHHR. OnttaKO, B nepByJO oqepenb neRTeJlbHOCTb WKOJ!bl npH3BaHa nOBbJCHTb 9<1><!>eKTHBHOCTb pa3pa0oraHHblX B rocynaP=Bax-qneHaX npor paMM B )laHHOA oOna=H · B yqeOHOH nporpaMMe neTiieH mKOJlb! OyneT HcnOJlb3OBaH 3Konor=ecKHH nonxon K ocBemeHl-llO n poOneM 3npaBooxpaHeHHR H caHHTapHoro npocBemeHHR . OcHOBHOH ynop OyneT cnenaH Ha KJDOqeB&Je KOHUenUHH CaHHTapHoro npocBemeHHR H yJ(penneHHR 3nopoBbR. 3aHRTHR Ha KYpcax ITO3BOl!RT HX CJTYlllaTenRM O3HaKOMHTbCR C co=oRHHeM nen B oOna=H MegnHcUHnnHHapHbJX H=nenoBaHHH, KaCaKJWHXCR yqeOHblX nporpaMM H COOTBeTCTBYIOmHX MeponpHRTI!fl. TTpoOneMbl, CBR3aHHbJe C paOoroi'I MegnyHaponHbJX KypcoB no nOCTnHCTnOMHOH nonraroBKe TTpH MaHHpoBaHHH MeponpHRTHH no nonrOTOBKe KanpoB , CBR3aHHblX C neRTeJU,HOCTblO neTHei'I WKOJlb!, HeoOXOnHMO Y'{HTblBaTb Te TPYnHOCTII, C KOTOpblMH npHWnOCb =OJl](HYTbCR npH opraHH3aUHH paOon,1 neil=BYIOWHX KYpcOB TaKoro pona. 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BTopoA - H3yqeH11e BOnpocoB pa3BHTHR OnaronpHRTHOro .llnR 3,llOpoBbR oOpa3a ll(H3H11 qenoBeKa, BKn=R ll(H3HeHHble HaBbll(H, ,IIHeT}' H ¢H3H<teCKHe yn~HeHHR , TBOp<teCKHH nO.llXO.ll K ocy!l!eCTBnReMOH ,lleRTe.JlbHOCTH, .[leHCTBHR no npeo,llone= CTpecCOBblX CHTYaUHH H BOnpocbl pa3BHTHR COUHaJlbHblX H ceKcyaJlbHblX B3aHMOOTHOMeHHA. TPeTHH KOMnOHeHT yqeOHOH nporpaMMbl Mor Obi KacaTbCR BOnpocoB COKpaMeHW! Bpe,llHblX npHBb!'leK noBe.[leHW!, HaflPHMep , eypeHW!, 3noynOTpeOneHHR anKoroneM H neKaPCTBeHHJ,JMH npenapaTaMH H .[]Op0ll(HO-TpaHcnOPTHJ,JX npoHCMeCTBHH. MeTO,llOflOrHR ITpe,llCTaBnReTCR O'leBH,IIHblM, 'lTO Hcnom,3yeMaR MeTO.llOflOrHR .llOflll(Ha OblTb rHOKOH H opHeHTl-!poBaHHOH Ha Y.llOBfleTBOpeH11e nOTpe0HOCTeH cnyroaTeneH. HeoOXO,IIHMa c0anaHCHp0BaHHOCTh Mell(.[ly nOCTaHOBKOH 3a.[la'lH H npoueccoM ee BblilonHeHW!. CneeyeT H30eran, neperpy3KH yqeOHb1x nporpaMM H HeHY)l(HOro YBne<teHHR ,IIH,llaKTI-IKOH . CneeyeT aKTl-!BHee BHe,llpRTb rpynnoBble MeTO.llbl , npa KTH'lecKHe 3aHRTHR H 3KCnepHMeHTam,~ paOOTy . CneeyeT pauHoHaJlbHee HCnOllb3OBaTh npHrnameHHR 3KcnePTOB . 8 H.[leam,HOM BapHaHTe npHrnaroeHHe cneUHanHCTa .[]Oflll(HO CTl-!MynHpoBaTb yqeOHbJH npouecc, BblnOnHRR npH 3TOM <l>YHKUHH ocnoMoraTem,Ho ro pe3epBa. 9KcnePTaM cneeyeT He CTOJlbKO yqaCTBOBaTb B caMoM yqeOHOM npouecce, CKOJlbKO OKa3blBaTh ~oe B03MOll(Hoe CO.lleHCTBHe .[leRTe.JlbHOCTH, ocyroe=BnReMOH napannem,HO npoBO,IIHMOH B rpynne paOoTe. ITpH 3TOM, O.[]HaKO, He cneeyeT 3aOblBaTb, 'lTO Henocpe,llCTBeHHoe yqaCTl-le 3KCITePTOB, B <taCTHOCTl-1 B yqeOHOH paOOTe, TaK)l(e MO)l(eT Ob1Th Heo0XO.IIHMO. PacnpOCTpaHeHHe HH<l>OPMaUHH PacnpocTpaHeHHe HH<l>opMaUHH O paOOTe KYJ)COB RBnReTCR O.llHOA H3 OTnH<tHTeJlbHblX ocoOeHHOCTeA npoeKTa no CO3.lla= neTHeH mKOJlbt , ITpe.rmonaraeTCR, <tTO 3Ta paOOTa Oy.lleT ocyroecTBnRTbCR no c neeyJOmHM HanpaBneHHRM . CeTb yqeOHbtX eypcoB . .llnR oOecne<teHHR COOTBeTCTBYIOMeH opr aHH3aUHH paOOTbl HaUHOHaJlbHblX H Mell(eyHapo,llHbtX KypcoB n o no.llrOTOBKe B oOnaCTl-1 caHHTapHoro npocBemeHW! Heo0XO.llHMO CO3.llaHHe CeTI-! yqeOHblX 3aBe.lleHHH B EBponeHCKOM perHOHe. ITpH 3TOM OCHOBHaR qacn, pa00Tb1 ocyMeCTBnRnaC!> Obi B neTHeH MKOne, a BCR )lE!RTe.JlbHOCTb B paMKax CeTI-! HanpaBnRnaa, Obi KOHcyJlbTaTl-!BHOH KOMHCCHeH , TaKaR opraHH3aUHR paOOTbl B CBOIO O<tepe.llh CTHMynHpoBana Obi npoBe,lleH11e MeponpHRTHH B CTpaHax, He pacnonaraJOmHX Heo0XO,IIHMOH yqeOHOO oa3oH . Y<teOHoe nocoOHe. .llnR CO,lleHCTBHR ocyroecTBne= ,llallbHeHMHX MeponpHRTHH B ,llaHHOH oOnacTI-! B rocy,llaPCTBaX-<tneHax H ynopR,llO<teH11R paOOTbl neTHeH MKOJlbl , B03MO)l(HO, OblnO Obi uenecoo0pa3HO BhlnYCTHTb COOTBeTCTByJOMee yqeOHoe nocoOHe H.ffi1 PYKOBO.llCTBO. Ero M0ll(HO Obtno Obi HCITOJlb30BaTb npH opraHH3aUHH yqeOHoro npouecca B paMKax yKa3aHHoA ceTH . COTPY ,llHH'laJOMHe , ueHTpbl. CyroecTBeHHaR po.111, B npouecce pacnpocTpaHeHW! HH<l>opMaUHH npHHa,llnell(HT KaK ,lleHCTBYIOMHM, TaK H He,llaBHO yqpell(,lleHHblM CQTPY,llHH'lalOMHM ueHTpaM B03. 4 . BblBO.llbl H nnaHJ,J .narn,HeAroeA )lE!RTeJlbHOCTH ITpe,llnO)l(eHHe O C03,llaHHH neTHeH MKOJlbl nony<tHnO npHHUHnHaJlbH)'JO no,ll,llep"'Ky CO CTOpoHbl yqaCTHHKOB COBemaHHR H MCCll . HecMQTPR Ha TO, 'lTO Ob!na OTMe<teHa onpe,lleneHHaR O3aOo<teHHOCTb B CBR3H C nOTeHUHaJlbHblMH npoOneMaMH , KOTOpble MOf'YT B03H11KH)'Tb ocne,llCTBHe Heo,llHOpo,llHOCTH COCTaBa cnymaTeneH Mell(,llyHapo,llHblX KypcOB, y<taCTHHKH COBemaHW! npHmnH K oOmeMy cornacHJO O TOM , 'ITO ,lleRTeJlbHOCTb TaKHX KYJ)COB Morna Obi npHHeCTH 3Ha'lHTe.JlbHYIO nom,3y ,llnR .narn,HeAroero npoBe.[leHW! MeponpHRTHA B CTpaHax. - 198 - Bhtn no.11roTOBJ1eH npc)eKT pacm-1caHWI 3an11aHHpoBaHHhIX Mepon pWITHH, tta<U1HaR C anpenR 1983 r. H KOtNaR npose.11eHHeM 3Kcnep1-1MettTa no co3,11aHJ110 11eTHeH IIIKOJlhI B Hl011e-asry=e 1984 ro,11a. 3annaHHpoBaHHhle MeponpHRTHR BKJIIOtJaIOT pa3paOoTJ<y OCHOB ytJe0HOH nporpaMMhl H MeTO.IIOJlOrHH; no,11roTOBKY BOnpocHHKa no Y'-le0Hh!M MeponpHRTHRM, npoBO,IIHMhlM B EsponeHCKOM perttoHe; ttanpasneHHe 3aRBOK B rocy.11aP=Ba-tJJ1eHhl Ha ~HHaHCHJ)OBaHHe 3Kcnep1-1MeHTa no C03,llaHHlO JleTHeH bIKOJlhl; npose.11eHHe pa0o'-IHX coBeblaHHH C ytJaCTHeM npeno,11asaTenei'i; ttanpasneHHe npe.llJlOl!CeHHH B rocy.11aP=Ba-q11eHh1 c np1-1r11aOieHHeM npHHRTb yqaCTHe B paOoTe JleTHeH IIIKOJlhl; H npose.11eHHe B PerHOHaJ!bHOH IIJTa0--KBaPTI!Pe 3Kcnep1-1MeHTaJ!bHOro ytJe0ttoro KY!)Ca .IIJ1R COTPY.IIHHKOB Peniottam,ttoro OIOpo. - 199 - COOTBETCTBYIOIIJJJI TEXHOnorwi 3nPABOOXPAHEHIDI - 201 - PaOoqee cosemaHHe no C03,JJaHI-OO B EsponeHCKOM pernoHe ceTI1 oueHKH TeXHonornH 3.lll)aBooxpatteHHR raara , 30 MaR - 1 HJOHR 1983 ro.na ICP/ATH OIO (4)(S) 0552A 10 OKTROpR 1983 ro.oa 0PHrnHAJl: AHrID1ACKHA HcnOJlb30BaHHe HOBeHMHX TelCHH"lecKHX cpe,llCTB H MeT0,110B B Me,IIHKO-CaHHTapHOM ~~HBaHHH Hey1<nOHHO pacmHJ)ReTCR. 0,IIHaKO ,llaJll,HeHmee pa3BHTI!e 9Toro npouecca HaXO,llHTCR no.Il yrpo30H B CBR3H C COKpa!!leHHeM accHrHOBaHHH B CTpaHax, Mel!UlYHapo,llHhJM 3KOHO~ecKHM cna,110M, a TaK;!(e P=TOM pacxo.110B Ha onnaTY COBpeMeHHOro oOopy,11osaHHR H cneUHanHCTOB. Bee OoJlbl!IYIO 0(5ecno KoeHH=n, Bbl3blBalOT TaK;!(e He;!(enaTeJlbHble noOo'iHbre B03.lleHCTBHR HOBbLX reXHonon-u:i. 3TH TeXHonornH cneeyeT no,11seprH,'Tb ~'.beKTIIBHOH oueHKe C TO=H 3peHHR HX 9KOHO~eCKOH s<lxl>eKTI!l3H=™ H sepoRTHOH nOJ1I,3bl .llnR 3,IIOPQBbR KaK OT,lleJlbHblX nHU, TaK H HaceneHHR B uenoM . TOJ!bKO npH 9TOM ycnOBJ,IJ,I nHUa, OTBeTCTBeHHb1e 3a ~opMynHposaHHe nOmITHKH, MOryT c.oenaTb oOocHOBaHHblH Bb10op B OTHOl!leHHH Toro, KaKoe oOopy,11osaHHe HnH MeTO,llbl cneeyeT BHe.opHTb, a OT KaKHX cne,llyeT OTKa3aTbCR. Y'IH'I'hlBaR Heo0XO,llHM=n, npose.11eHHR oueHKH TeXHonon-u:i, ~aCTHHKH COCTORBmer=R s 1982 roey s By,11ane,nTe cosemaHHR npe.IlnO)l(],fnH coo.11aTb Mel!UlYHapo,IIHylO ceTb oueHKH TeXHonornH 3.lll)aBOOXpaHeHHR . C 30 MaR no 1 HIOHR B raare npoxo,llHnO COBe!JlaHHe, ueJlb KOTOporo COCTORna B TOM, ...roC!.1 pe!lJHTb cne,llYIOlllHe BDnP=bi : KaKHM ~pa30M cne,llyeT nposo,llHTb oueHKy TeXHonon-u:i; KaKHM ~pa30M cne,llYeT npoBO,llHTb OT0op TaKHX TeXHonon-u:i; KaK ~neqHTb TaKoe nonO;!(eHHe, npH KOTOpoM pe3YJlbTaThl oueHKH CTanH C'.l,i ,IIOCTORHHeM nHU, OTBeTCTBeHHbrx 3a ~opMyJIHPOBaHHe nonHTHKH, spaqeH, OoJlbHblX H oO!aecrseHH=; H KaK ,ll~HTbCR roro, ...roC!.1 OHH pa30HJ)anHCb B pe3yJ!bTaTax oueHKH. KaK nposO.IlHTb oueHKy TeXHonon-u:i OueHKa TexHonon-u:i npe.IlcTaBnReT coOoH TPY.IlHYIO Ml!OrO.IlHCUHnnHHapHYIO 3a,11aqy . CneeyeT yqecTb, qro npHHUHn oueHKH TexHonorHH H ee MeTO.Ilbl He nony4HnH sceoO!aero npH3HaHHR. MHorne Hcnom,3yeMble s HaCTORll!ee BpeMR Me,llHUHHCKHe TeXHonornH HHKor.na He no,IIBepranHCb o ueHKe, B TO BpeMR KaK HX 4Hcno Ysem!'tHBaeTCR C K=,llblM ro,llOM. TeXHOnOrHH 3,llpaBOOxpaHeHHR no,11ne;!(aT oueHKe C TO=H 3peHHR HX B03,lleHCTBHR Ha 3,IIOPQBbe qenoseKa, nOTeHUHBJlbHOH cnacH=-rH, CTOHM=TII H COUHaJ!bHOH npHeMneM=TH- 8 Kaqecrse npHMepa MO;!(HO npHBeCTII PR.II TeXHOnon-iH, uenecoo0pa3H=n, HCnOJlb30BaHHR KOTopbLX MO;!(eT Bbl3blBaTb onpe,11eneHHble COMHeHHR. 3TH TeXHOnDrnH npHMeHm<7I'CR BO BpeMR OepeMeHH= H po,110B - HaOJDO,lleHHe 3a pa3BHTHeM nno,lla C HcnOJ1I,30BaHHeM sneKTpoHHoro oOopy,11osaHHR, aMHH=Te3, YJlbTpa3BYK H Kecapeso ceqeHHe. TipH 9TOM B03HHKalOT cne,llYIOlllHe BOOP=bl: noMoraeT nH Ta HnH HHaR TexHonorHR BblRBHTb npoOneM1>1, yrpo;!(a!OmHe 3,11opoBb10 qenoseKa? nOMO;!(eT nH neqeHHe ynyqmeHHIO c=TORHHR OoJlbHOro? OesonacHa nH .IlaHHaR TeXHonornR? KaK OTH=RTCR ;!(eHll!HHbl Kee HcnOJ!b30BaHHJO? He cnHmKOM nH OHa ,11oporOCTOR1llaR? OueHKy TeXHonorHH cne,llyeT npoBO.IIHTb HenpeiJblBHO. neKapcrseHHb1e npenapaTbl, npOl!le.IllllHe ~HUHam,Hble HCllhlTaHHR H pa3pemeHHble K npo.oa;!(e, oueHHBalOTCR sn=ne,IICTBJ,!J,1 spaqaMH, KOTOPble cooOmalOT 0 pe3ym,TaTax HX npHMeHeHHR. Cne,llyeT HcnOJ1I,30BaTb nO.ll~HYIO npaKTill<Y H B OTHOIJleHHH TeXHono n-u:i, pa3perueHHb1X K J,!aJOJ1I,30BaHHIO ~HUHaJll,HblMH opraHaMH. Cne,llyeT HcnOJll,30BaTb pe3YJ!bTaThl no,11~HOH oueHKH B uenRx CTHMynHJ)OBaHHR npe,lll1pHRTHH K H3MeHeHHJO H cosepneHCTBOBaHHIO TeXHonon-u:i B cnyqae HeoOXO.IlHM=™ H pacmHJ)eHHR 3HaHHH nOTpe0HTeneH B OTHOl!leHHH HX npHMeHeHHR . - 202 - Kai< CJ1e.oye-r arOHJ)aTb TeXHononrn, no.llJlellla1,rne oueHKe nocne Toro Kai< MeTon oueHKH pa3paOoraH, npencroHT pell!HTb , KaKaR H3 TeXHonol"Hi'i no=a Ob!Tb nonaepn-zyTa 3TOH oueHKe B nepsyID oqepe.llb , nocKO.llbKY nonsepn-zy'I'b oueHKe see TexHononrn He npencrasnReTCR BO3MOlllHbIM. 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KpoMe Toro, 803 MO)l;eT, HanpHMep: n o .aroTOBHTb cnHCOK anpecos H HOMepoB TeJTe<l>OHOB yqacTHHKOB ceTH H cnpaBOtfHHK npaBHTe.llbCTBeHHblX yqpe11,neHHH , 3aHHMaIDIUHXCR BOnpocaMH oueHKH TeXHOJlol"Hi'i; yqacTBOBaTb B pacnpocTpaHeHHH pe3ym,TaTOB oueHKH; nepHo=eCKH opraHH3OBblBa'I'b COBelllaHHR yqaCTHHKOB CeTH H cyOcH.aHJJOBaTb opraHH3aUHID COOTBeTCTByKXl!HMH opraHaMH ceMHHapos no oueHKe TeXHOJ101"Hi'i; BbITTYCKaTb HH<l>OpMaUHOHHblH OIDJ1JleTeHb n11R yqacrHHKOB CeTH HJIH nyOJlHKOBaTb CBOH MaTepHaJTbl B yllle cy111ecTByID111HX H3naHHRX, HanpHMep, TaKHX KaK The Sorce rer's Apprentice HJTH BbinyCKaeMbIH EsponeAcKHM cooOll!ecTBOM JKYPHaJT Effective Health Care, a Tai<11,e pacnpoc-rpaHR'I'b CYl!leCTBYIOI!IYIO HH<l>opM~ no oueHKe TeXHOJlOrHH C noMOlllbID npo<l>ecCHOHa.llbHblX OIDJIJle-reHeH, TaKHX KaK Europea n Medical Physics News H HH<l>opMaUHOHHb!H OIDJ1JleTeHb Mell(JlYHaponHOH <l>enepaUHH no Me.JlHUl,fHCKOH H OHOJIO~ecKOI TeXHHKe; H coneHCTBOBaTb yqpell(De= Melll,oyHaponttOH npeMHH 3a ycnell!HOe npoXOlllneHHe CTa"'8poBKH HJIH Hay<Dible nOCTH)l;eHHR B oOJlaCTH oueHKH TeXHOJlOrHH. - 203 - 4 TO MOryT c.nenaTb eaponelk1rne rocy.napcraa-'-UleHl>r rocy.napcTBa - '.iJleHl,I PenroHa npH3BaHl>I ci,rrpaTb ocooyro PQJlb, KOTOpaR nOCJJY)l(J,!T o nTHMaJlbHOMY perneHH!O npoOJTeMhl Ha OCHOBe Meg.DYHapO.DHOrO CQTPy,llHJ-NecrBa. 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KoHcyJlbTanIBHaR rpynna no sonpocaM 6Honon-NecKOH Oe3onacHOCTH B EBPoneHCKOM pernoHe KoneHrareH, 25-26 HOR6pR 1983 ro.na - 204 - ICP/ATH 00S( S) 0940A 17 MaR 1984 ro.na OPHrnHAJI : AHrm 1fcKli!l1 KoHcyJlbTaTHBHoe cosemaHHe Ci,1no CO3BaHO EsponeHCKHM pernoHaJlbHblM 6IOPO B paMKax cneUliaJlbHOH ITpQrpaMMbI ll1Ta6--KBaPTHPbl 803 no MepaM Oe3onacHOCTH B o6nacru MHKPo6HOnOrnH C ueJlbID YTO4HeHHR COCTORHHR l!en B o6nacru peanH3al..!liH nporpaMM 6Ho6e3onacHOCTH B PernoHe, a TaKllCe BbIPaOOTKH npeMOllCeHHH K nnaey pa3BHTW'I HnH noMepllCKH ITpQrpaMM, ocymeCTBnReMbIX Ha Hal..!liOHaJlbHOM YPoBHe. Y4aCTHHKH cosemaHHR o6cyl!HnH pe3yJ1bTaTb1 npoBel!eHHR ITpQrpaMM 6HOl"ie3onacHOCTH B CBOHX CTPaHax, a TaKllCe HMeIDWHecR pecypcbI H al!MHHHCTPaTHBHbie BOITPOCbI. HeKOTOpble CTPa,~,, HeCMOTPR Ha pa3BHTYID al!MHHHCTpaTHBHYID CTPYKTYPY H ll1HPOKYID ce'I'b yqpE!)l(l!eHHH, pa6oTaIDll1HX B o6naCTH MHKPo6HonorHH, JlHl!Ib npHCTynaIDT K peanH3al..!liH ITpQrpaMM 6Ho6e3onacHOCTH. T aM, rl!e TaKHe ITpQrpaMMbl yllCe cymecTBYIDT, ITPoBOl!HMaR paooTa B OCHOBHOM KOHTPonHPYeTCR JlHl!Ib Ol!HHM yqpellCl!eHHeM HnH MHHHCTepcTBOM, Ol!HaKO HHOrl!a BO3HHKaIDT KOI-fl>nHKTbl C l!PYrnMH al!MHHHCTPaTHBHblMH yqpe)l(l!eHHRMH, BbIITOnHRIO!IIHMH aHanon-NHLie cflYHKUl-Il-1. B nocnel!HHe rollbI MHOrne cneUlianHCTbl C pa3nH4HOH npol>eCCHOHaJlbHOH ITOl!rOTOBKOH B pe3yJlbTaTe pa3BHTHR 6HOTeXHonornH CTanH paooTaTh B o6naCTH MHKpQ6HonornH, scnel!CTBHe qero HM Heo6XOl!HMO ITpQHTH COOTBeTCTBYIDll1YID nol!rOTOBKY no BOnpQCaM l'.Je3onacHOCTH B HX paooTe. PaCITpQCTPaHeHHe Bbiny1IleHHOro 803 PYKOBOl!CTBa " Labor a t o ry biosafety manual" Bbl3Bano Ha MeCTax TPeOOBaHHR K ocymecTBneHHID npaKTH4ecKHX Mep, Ol!HaKO B HeKOTOPblX CTPaHax peanH3al..!liR peKOMeHl!al..!liH 3TOro PYKOBOl!CTBa 803 B03MOllCHO nOTpe6 yeT ITPHHRTHR COOTBeTCTBYIDll1HX 3aKOHOl!aTeJlbHLIX Mep. 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A TaM, r.ne TaKaR npoeepKa npoBO.llHTCR, Hepe,llKO OTcyTCTBYeT KaKaR-JlHOo nporpaMMa B oOnaCTH Bbl.ll34H y.nocroeepeHHH, BCR OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a oOecneqeHHe COOTBeTCTBYKllllHX cnygC) B03naraeTCR Ha nPQH3B0.llHTenei1 npo.nyKUIDi. 8 3TOH CBR3H npe.ncTaBJ!ReTCR Hec0XO.llHMblM nPQBecTH BblC)op04HYJO flPOBePKY C nOMO!llblO He3aBHCHMblX 3KcnepTOB . COop H paCflPOCTP3HeHHe Hlfl>opMaUHH JlHl!lb He3Ha4HTeJ!bHoe 4HCno naC)opaTopHH Bblpa3HJlH genaHHe npe.ncTaBJlRTb MaTepHanbl o0 HMeBl!IHX MecTo HectlaCTHblX cny4aRX, n OCKOJ!bKY TaKOro po,na Hlfl>opMal..lHR xapaKTePH3YeT creneHb KOMneTeHUHH nepcoHana naC)opaTopHH . TeM He MeHee, TaKOro po,na HHl>opMaUHR .OOJlll<Ha coOHPaTbCR H pacnpoc:TpaHRTbCR, nOCKOJ!bKY OHa MOllieT OK33aTbCR none3HblM llPHMepoM .ll11R ,npyrnx, oco0eHHO .ll11R nepcoHana TeX yqpe)l(JleHHH, r.ne HCTIOJ!b3YIOTCR HOBble H HeanpoC)i,!poeaHHble oOopy .noeaHHe H npoue.nypbl . - 206 - 3nHneMHOJIOri-Nea<He HccnenoaaHHR Hx npoaeneH1-1e npencTaBnReTCR uenecoo0pa:3HhlM, B qacTH=-rH, B paMKaX nonroTOBKH Ka.llPOB. Ha coae111aHHH Obma ynoMRHYTa paOO'ra, npoaeneHHaR no oonpocaM 3aOoneaae1<0CTH renaTHTOM B Coe.!IHHeHHoM KoponeBCTBe, pe3yJ!bTaTbt KOTOpoH noKa3bJBaIOT, '-ITO npaBHJ!bHaR paOO'ra C HHl>eKUHOHHblM MaTepHanoM MOllteT COKpaTHTb HnH HCK.lll()\{HTb onacHOCTb BOOHHKHOBeHl-1R Hec'-JaCTHOro cnyqaR . Cne,!lyeT ycraHOBHTb 3ITHneMHonorn'-lea<oe HaOmoneH1-1e 3a cny'-laRMl-t HHPeKUHOHHbJX 3aOoneBaHHH cpe.[!H nepcoHana naOopaTopHH. Ha coaeooaHHH Oblno OTMe'-JeHo OTcyTCTBHe 3aperncrpl-fP()BaHHblX cnyqaea H~HIJHPOBaHl-1R qenoaeKa npH TP3HcnopTHP<)BKe npenapaTOB. - 207 - COUHAJlbHOE PABEHCTBO H 3AOPOBbE KOHCYJlbTaTHBHblH KOMHTeT no nporpaMMe ' 'coUHaJlbHoe paBeHCTBO H 3.llOPOBbe 11 B apcenoHa, 26-28 OKTROPR 1983 ro.na B ae.neHHe - 209 - ICP/SPM 050(2)(5) 0775A 13 RHBaPR 1984 ro.na OPHIBHAJ! : AHI' .ffii fr:Kl1 H B COBeD!aHHH Y'{aCTBOBaJIJ.I 23 npe,ncTaBHTeJ!R 14 CTpaH H 3 llJTaTHblX paOoTHHKa 003. B COCTaB K OMHTeTa BXO,llHnH npe,nc-raBHTe.llH pa3.rnNHblX npol>eccm'!, BKn!O'«IB cneUHanHCTOB B oOnaCTH COID!Onon-rn, n CHXOnorHH, nOJU.!Tl-fllecKHX HaYK, PYKOBO,llCTBa COUHaJlbHb!Mli cny;,;oaMH, 3KOHOMJ1KH, a TaK;,;e B pa3nlNHblX oOnacTRX Me,llJ,!UliHbJ H oOll!eCTBeHHOro 3,lpaBOOxpaHeHHR. UeJlb COBeD!aHHR Ko :yJlbTaTHBHOro KOMHTeTa COCTORna B Bh!Oope KOHuem.nm, MeTO,llOB J,! nyTeH o prattH3aLMH Hccne.noaattm'! .llJlR peaJU.13auHH cpe.nttecpottHOH nporpaMMbI B oOnacw COID!aJlbHOro paaeHCTBa H 3 ,lpaBOOxpaHeHR, a TaK;T;e pernOHaJlbHOH crpaTernH ,llOCTH;T;eHHR 3.llOPOBbR ,nnR Bcex C Y'{eTOM pa3nl-fllm'I B coLMaJlbHOH, 3KOHOMHtJecKOH H KYJlbTYPHOO oOnacTRX MellUJY rocy,napc-raaMH - tJneHaMH PerHoHa. B tJaCTHOCTH' tJneHhl KOMHTeTa oOcy,llHJU.! Ba;T(Hbte oonpoa,1' KacaIOll!HecR npoeKTOB HaytJHhJX Hccne.noaaHm'! . OO!naR .IIHCKYCCHR no BOnpocaM HaYtJHl,JX Hccne.noaaHm'I YtJaCTHHKaM COBeD!aHliR Obin npe,nc-raaneH PR.ll )X)KyMeHTOB , B KOTOp.!X nO,llHHMa.JlHCb cne.oyiauHe Ba;T(HbJe BOnpocbJ. 1. Co,nep;,;aHHe KnJOtJeBblX KOHUeCTLMH 3,npaBOOXpaHeHHR H np!-fllHHbl HepaBeHCTBa B npe,noc-raaneHHH Me.J]J.11(0-CaHHTapHOH nOMOl!lH pa3nlitJHhl B pa3HblX CTpaHax. B 3TOH CBR3H nJ0oaR CTpaTernR B oOnacTH HaytJHbJX Hccne.noBaHHH .no=a oOecnetJHBaTb HcnOJlb3OBaHHe npHMeHHMoro BO acex c-rpaHax rnOKoro no.nxo .na. 2 . CaMhle pa3nlNHble HCTOtJHJ.11<),! liHl>opMalJHJ,!, BKnJO'JaR ol>HID!aJlbHble CTaTHCTl-fllecKHe ,llaHHble J,! pe3yJlbTaTbJ cneUHaJlbHblX o03OpQB npoBO.IIHMblX HaY'{HblX HCCne,noBaHID°I , cne.IzyeT HCnOJlb3OBaTb ,llJlR pa3paOoTKH nOKa3aTeneA COID!aJlbHOro paBeHCTBa/HepaaeHCTBa H ypoBHR 3,llOpQBbR HaceneHHR, a TaK;T;e, ecnH 3TO B03MO;T;HO, ypoBHR OnarOCOCTORHHR. 3 . CymeCTByJOT pa3Hoo0pa3Hble MeTO,llbl ocyD!eCTBJJeHHR BCOOMoraTeJlbHblX HaYtJHO-Hccne,noBaTeJlbCKHX pa3paOoToK, KOTOp.le MOryT co,neHCTBOBaTb peaJIJ.!3aLMH OCHOBHhlX HaY'{HhlX Hccne,nOBaHHH. 4. Hccne,noBaHHR Me,nHK~aHHTapHblX H COUHaJlbHblX cny;,;O, H oco0eHHO netJeOHOH .neRTeJlbHOCTH, cne,nyeT nPQBO.IIHTb B COOTBeTCTBYJallee BpeMR, a He TOJlbKO Ha 3aKnJOtJHTeJlbHblX 3Tanax. 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OCTHCaTeJlbHhle HCCJJe,llOBaHHR : npH HX npoae,neHHH OCHOBHoe BHHMaHHe cne.IzyeT y,neJ!RTb BOnpocaM COID!aJlbHOro paBeHCTBa, COCTORHHIO 3,llOpQBbR HaceneHHR, Me,nHKO-CaHHTapHblM H COID!aJlbH>IM cny;io;OaM B o0JneCTBe. 2 . noRCHHTeJlbHbJe Hccne.nOBaHHR : npH HX npoae,neHHH OCHOBHoe BHHMaHHe cne,nyeT y,neJ!RTb B3aHMOCBR3H Me;y(,lzy nOKa3aTeJ!RMH COUHaJlbHOro paaeHCTBa H ypoBHR 3,llOpQBbR HaceneHHR. - 2 10 - 3. Me;!IHaUHOHaJlbHble HCCne.noBaHJ.111: 3TH HCCne.IlOBaHHR Oy.nyr np()BO,llHTI,C.R, B nepBylO O'-!epe.m,, Ha OCHOBe conOCTaBneHJ.1R pe3yJ!bTaTOB paOon.1, npoBe.neHHOH B pa3HblX CTpaHax, a He npocro Ha OCHOBe 3MnHJ)H'-!eCKHX ,naHHblx, ecnH oueHKa noKa3ana HeoeiXO.IlHMocn, npoBe.neHH.R cpaBHHTeJlbHOro aHanH3a. Tor.na, Kor.na 3TO HeOOXO.IIHMO, HeCioJlblllHe rpyrnlbl CTpaH MOrnH Ohl COTPY.IlHH'laTb B npoBe.neHHH Hay'-!HhlX HCcne.noBaHHH no OT.IleJlbHblM BOnpocaM, HanpHMep, npH H3yYeHH1-! nono;t.eHH.R MHrpaHTOB HnH npoOneMLr Oe3pa0onn.lbl cpe.IIH Mono.ne;t.H . TaKOH no.nxo.n n03BOnHn O,i paCMHPHTb COTPY.IlHH'lecTBO B oOnacra MeTO.IlOflOrHH npGBO.IIHMhlX HCCne.nOBaHHH H npH BbtOope COOTBeTCTBYIOlllHX OOKa3aTeneA. CneUHaJlbHbte Hccne.noBaHH.R B Ka'-!ecTBe npHMepa TeMhl , .nn.R pa3paOoTKH KOTOPQH Heo0XO.IIHMO np()Be.neHHe Melt(HaUHOHaJlbHblX Hccne.noBaHHH, y'-!aCTHHKH KoHcyJlbTaTHBHOro KOMHTeTa Bhl0panH npoOneMY MHrpaHTOB. Bonpoc O npoBe.neHHH HCcne.noBaHHH B 3TOH oOnacTH C'Lrn no.nBeprnyr .neTaJlbHOMY oOcyll:,lleHHIO. TaKHe HCCne.noBaHH.R .IlOfl;t(Hhl HOCHTI, pa3HOCTOPQHHHH xaPaKTep, B HHX cne.nyeT no.nBeprHyn, paccMQTPeHHIO He TOJlbKO nonO;t.eHHe MHrpaHTOB H ;t.HBytllHX Ha po,llHHe '-!neHOB HX C"eMeH, HO H np.RMhle, a TaK;t.e KOCBeHHble nocne.nCTBH.R MHrpaUHH. BHHMaHHe cne.nyeT TaK;t.e y.nenHTb H3yYeHHIO npoOneM MHrpaHTOB pa3nH'-!HblX B03paCTI-D,IX rpynn, B '-!aCTHOCTH, npoOneM BToporo noKoneHH.R HnH npecrape.rn,1x MHrpaHTOB. Y'-!aCTHHKH COBelllaHH.R onpe.nenHnH Te noKa3aTenH, KOTOPhle cne.nyeT HCnOJlb30BaTI, fTJ)H Hccne.noBaHHH COCTO.RHJ.1R 3.IlOPQBb.R H Y.R3BHMOC'rH MHrpaHTOB, a TaK;t.e BonpocoB COUHaJlbHOro paBeHCTBa. no MHeHHIO y'-!aCTHHKOB COBelllaHJ.1R , B paMKax .ne.RTenbHOCTH ceTH COUHaJlbHblX cny;t.O cne.nyeT HCITOJlb30BaTb nOKa3aTenH Y.R3BHMOCTH Tex HnH HHblX rpynn MHrpaHTOB. Hccne.noBaHH.R npoOneM MHrpaHTOB .IlOfl;tlHbl TaK;t.e BKJIIO'laTI, paCCMOT!)eHHe COOTBeTCTByIOMHX nonHTH'-!eCKHX BOnpocoB H npoOneM 3,llpaBOOXpaHeHH.R, pa3nH'-!HhlX acneKTOB .ne.RTeJlbHOCTH COUHaJlbHblX H .IlPYrHX Cny;t.O. npH npoBe.neHHH TaKHX HCcne.noBaHHH HeoOXO.IlHMO HMeTI, B03MO;tlHOCTb HCnOJlb30BaHH.R pa3nH'-!HblX npollecCHOHaJlbHblX nO.IlXO.IlOB. BblBO.llbl H peKOMeH.naUHH no MHeHHIO yYaCTHHKOB KOHCYJlbTaTHBHOro KOMHTeTa, cne.nyeT np().IlOfl;tlHTI, yCHnH.R no npoBe.neHHJO COOTBeTCTBYKXIIHX HCCne.noBaHHA/ MeponpH.RTHH B COTPY.IlHH'lecTBe c .IlPYl"HMH nporpaMMaMH 003. 00'.beM TaKOH .ne.RTeJlbHOCTH Oy.neT HenpepblBHO B03pacran, . 8 3TOH CB.R3H cne.nyeT ocy111ecTBn.RTI, cCiop HMeKl!leHC.R B rocy.napcrBaX-'lneHax HHl>OPMaUHH O COOTBeTCTBYKXIIHX Hay'-!HhlX HCcne.noBaHH.RX KaK 3annaHHPQBaHHblX Ha Oy.nylJlee, TaK H np()BO.IIHMLIX B HaCTO.RMee BpeM.R HnH y;t.e 3aBeP!lleHHbIX . 8 COOTBeTCTBHH C 3THM yYaCTHHKaMH KoHcyJlbTaTHBHOro KOMHTeTa C'LlnH paspaOOTaHhl cne.ny10111He peKOMeH.naUHH. 1. nepBOO'lepe,llHoe BHHMaHHe B paMKaX np()rpaMMhl B oOnacra COUHaJlbHOro paBeHCTBa H 3,llpaBOOxpaHeHH.R .IlOfl;t(HO C'b!Tb y.neneHO Bbl.RBneHHIO H paCKp!,ITHIO CytllecTBYMll!ero B CTpaHax PernoHa HepaBeHCTBa B COUHaJlbHOH H Me.llHKO-caHHTaPHOH oOnaCT.RX. 2. HeOoJ!blllOH rpynne 3KcnepTOB cne.nyeT nO.IlroTOBHTI, nepe'-!eHb noKa3aTeneA KaK COUHaJlbHOro, TaK H Me.IIHKO-CaHHTapHoro CTaTYca HaceneHH.R, KOTOp!,le MOrnH O,i B Ka'-!ecTBe oOpa3ua HCnOJlb30Ban,c.R npH peanH3aUHH Hay'-!HO-Hccne.noBaTeJlbCKHX nPQeKTOB. AHanOrH'-!Hble yCHflH.R cne.nyeT npe.nnpHH.RTb .Ilfl.R pa3paOOI'KH KOHKpeTHblX MeTO.IlOB Hay'-!HhlX Hccne.noBaHHA. 3. 0.IlHOBpeMeHHO HeoOXO.IlHMO nOOMp.RTb COOTBeTCTBYKXl!He rpynnhl B CTpaHaX K COTPY.IlHH'lecTBY no KOHKpeTHblM acneKTaM nporpaMM,1 B oOnacra COUHaJlbHOro Pa5eHCTBa H 3.npaBOOxpaHeHH.R. Ha nocne.nyIOIJIHX COBelllaHH.RX HeCioJlblllHX rpynn 3KcnepTOB cne.nyeT 00.IlrDTOBHTI, MeTO.IlDnOl"HIO paOon1 H COOTBeTCTBylOMHe nOKa3aTenH. no MHeHHIO yYaCTIDIKOB KOMHTeTa, npoBe.neHHa.R paOoTa no npoOneMaTHKe MHrpa.HTOB no.nTBep.IIHna uenecoo0pa3HOCTI, TaKoro po,na .ne.RTeJ!bHOCTH. 4. Ha Oonee noo.IlHeM 3Tane pa3BHTH.R nporpaMMbl, Kor.na Oy.nyT no.IlPQOHee H3y'-!eHbl npH'-!HHHo-cne.ncrBeHHhle MexaHH3Mhl H TeH.neHUHH pa3BHTH.R, OCHOBHoe BHHMaHHe cne.nyeT y.nenHTI, BOnpQCaM nonHTHKH H .ne.RTeJlbHOCTH cny;t.O, ocoOeHHO nnaHaM H oueHKe paOoTbl no COKpaMeHHIO Me.IIHKO-CaHHTapHblX acneKTOB COUHaJlbHOro HepaBeHCTBa. B OT.IleJlbHblX cny'-!a.RX, O.IlHaKO, Oy.neT uenecoo0pa3HO BKnIO'-!HTI, B nporpaMMY paOoThl npoBe.neHHe COOTBeTCTBYMll!eH oueHKH Ha Oonee paHHeM 3Tane. 5. Oco0b1e ycHJIH.R cne.nyeT npe.nnpHH.RTI, .nn.R noo111peHHR yYaCTH.R B ocymecrBn.ReMOH .ne.RTeJ!bHOCTH 3KcneproB H3 Pa3BHBaMll!HXC.R CTpaH ~rnoHa. BhlJIO O,i TaK;t.e uenecoo0pa.3HO npoBecra COBe111aHHe ,lln.R paccMOTpeHH.R BOnpocoB, npe,llCTaBJl/llOIIlHX ocoOhlH HHTepec .Ilfl.R pa3BHBalOll1HXC.R CTpaH. 6. Hap.R.ny c Pa3nH'-!HblMH yYpell:,lleHH.RMH H opraHH3aUH.RMH, c KOTOJ:l,IMH 803 npe.ncroHT COTPY.IlHH'laTb H B3aHMO.neHCTBOBaTI, B paMKax nporpaMMhl B oOnacra COUHaJlbHoro paBeHCTBa H 3.npaBOOXpatteHH.R, npe.ncTaBn.ReTC.R uenecoo0pa3HblM Hana.IIHTI, KOHTaKThl C He,llaBHO C03,naHHhlM EBponeHCKHM oOinecTBOM cneUHanHCTOB B oOnacTH Me,llHUHHCKOH COUHOnorHH, B 'laCTHOCTH, C KOOP.IlHHaTopaMH 3TOro 00111ecTBa, paOoTaKXl!HMH B Pa.3BHBaMll!HXC.R CTpaHax PernoHa. - 21 1 - 7. r=;-iiapcrBaM - qneHaM Pernotta cnenyeT yneJ1J1Tb OonbiJJee BHHMaHHe no~ep;10<e HayqHO-HccnenoBaTeJlbCKOH H npaKTH4eCKOH neR'reJlbHOCTH cpenH HeKOTOPl,IX YR3BHMblX rpynn HaceneHHR, B qacTHOCTH, Oe3pa0oTHbIX H MJ.lrpaHTOB . 8 Ka4eCTBe 0.l]HOH H3 nep5ooqepe.IIHbJX 3al!a4 HayqHOH H npaKTH4eCKOH neR'reJlbHOCTH Ob1na TaKJl.e OTMe4eHa HeoOxonHMOCTb paOOTbl cpe.l]H uenoro PR.Ila HenpHBHner,.ipoBaHHblX rpynn HaceneHHR. a. BOJlblllee BHHMaHHe B CTpaHaX Pernotta cnenyeT yneJlJITb COUHaJlbHblM acneKTaM 3~BOOXpaHeHHR: Me.llHUHHCKOH COUHOnorHH, a TaKJl.e .z:tpyrHM COUHaJlbHblM H OHXeBHOpaJlbHblM HaYJ(aM, HMeKXIIHM orpoMHoe 3Ha4eHHe. 8 STOH CBR3H B paMKax nporpaMM CTHJ1e~HH H nonrOTOBKH Ka.IIPOB npenCTaBJlJleTCR uenecooOpa3HblM 0Ka3a'I'b coneHCTBHe HeKOTOp,IM CT!)aHaM B pa3BHTHH COUHaJlbHblX HaYJ(, B qacrHOCTH, HX ME!JlHKO-CaHHTapHblX acneKTOB. - 212 - KoHcyJlbTanraHaR rpyrma no aonpocaM 9TIDNecKHX MeHbMHHCTB raara, 28-30 HOR0PR 1983 re.Ila ICP/SPM 050(3)(S) 0796A 18 RHBaPR 1984 rona OPHI'l1HAJI: AHI' J1Hi:cKH11 B paCioTe coaemaHHR npHH/UJH Y'{aCTHe MenHKo-CaHHTapHh!e H HaY'{HO-HCCJJeitOBaTeJlbCKHe paCioTHHKH H3 ceMH CTpaH. rpynna CTaBHJJa CBoeH ue.llbID pacCMOTPeHHe OCHOBHhlX noTPe0HOCTeH B MeitHKO-caHHTapHOM oOcnyl!HBaHHH MHrpaHTOB B EaponeHCKOM pernoHe. Ha coaemaHHH C'.:I.IJTa npeiinpHHRTa nOrD,JTKa o npene=, KaKaR HMeHHO nOJTHTHKa B paMKaX iteRTe.llbHOCTH HaUHOHa.llbHblX CHCTeM MeitHKO-CaHHTaPHOH noMOWH, a TaKl!e noOpOBO.llbHhlX H Me)l(JlyHaPQ.IIHblX opraHH3auHH Morna C'.:1.1 coneHCTBOBa'I'b pa3BH= H coaeµaeHCTBOBaH- MenHKO-CaHHTapHoro oOcnyl!HBaHHR MHrpaHTOB. HepaBHOnpaBHe B npenocTaBJTeHHH MenHKO-CaHHTapHOH nOMO!IH RBJTReTCR OnHOH H3 cepbe3HblX npoOneM EaponeHCKO["() perHOHa. OpraHH3aUHR MenHKO-CaHHTapHoro o0cJJYl!HBaHHR YR3BHMblX rpynn - OnHa H3 OCHOBHhlX 3anaq nepBHqHOH MenHKO-CaHHTaPHOH noMomH. B 9TOH CBR3H npoOJTeMbl MHrpattTOB B Eapone 3acnyl!H~ ocoOoro BHHMaHHR. MHrpaHTbl RBJTR=cR BblXOnuaMH H3 pa3JIH'lliblX CTpatt EBponeHCKOro perHOHa, a TaKl!e H3 rocynapcTB A3HH, A<l>pHKH H Dl!HOO AMepHKH. K TaKHM CTpaHaM B EBponeHCKOM perHoHe OTHOCRTCR npeHMYmeCTBeHHO cpenH3eMHOMOpcKHe rocynapcraa, B qacTHOCTH, AJ!l!HP, rpeUHR, HcnaHHR, 11TaJTHR, MapoKKO, llopTYranHR, TypUHR H IJrocJTaBHR. 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TlpH Knaccm>HKaUHH arxonoB, no.nyqaeMblX B Y'{Pel!UleHHRX Me.llHK<>-CaHHTapHOro oOc.nyl!G!BaHHR, MOJIIHO Bbl.llenHTb BOCeMb OCHOBHb!X KaTeropHA: OOIIHe arxo.llbl naTonorHqecKHe OTXO.llbl pa.llf,loaKTHBHble O'rXO.llbl XHM=ecKHe OTXO.llbl HH<l>eKUHOHHble H nareHUHaJU,HO HH<l>eKUHOHHble OTXO.llbl OCTpt,le npe.nMeTbl (.rnoCibre o=pble npe.nMeTbl B arxonax, HanpHMep pa30HTble ll!ITPHl..lbl HJJli OCKOJ!KH npyrHX =eKnRHHblX npe.nMeTOB, MOryT ~!Tb np~HOH nope3OB H npyrHX noBpelll.lleHHH) <l>apMaueBTHqecKHe cpe.n=Ba npeccOBaHHble KOHTeHHepbl. 2. HH3KHA ypoBeHb panHDaKTHBHblX O'rXO.llOB cnenyeT CHHlllaTb no Oe3onaCHblX npe.nenoB, a 3aTeM npH=YnaTb K HX ynaneHHW, HCITOJ'll,3YR npH 3TOM aneKBaTHbre MeTO.llbl, pa3paOaraHHb1e nnR y.naneHHR pa3Jlli~IX KaTeropHA O'rXO.llOB (XHM=ecKHX , HH<l>eKUHOHHblX HJJli oOmHx) . 3. BOnbHHUbl H .npyrHe Y'{Pel!UleHHR Me.llHK<rCaHHTapHoro oOc.ny;y;J-{BaHHR no~ HeCTH WPH.llHqecKyw OTBeTCTBeHHo=b 3a ocymecTBJJReMyw HMH npaKTHKY ynaneHHR OTXO.llOB . 4. K =cny nO.llBepl!leHHblX o naCHo=H BO3neHCTBHR HH<l>eKUHOHHblX H BPe.llHblX OTXO.llOB OTHOCRTCR cne.nyWll!He JJHUa: nepcoHan H naUHeHTbl yqpel!UleHHH Me.llf,IK<reatmTapHoro oOc.nyl!G!BaHHR paOarHHKH, 3aHRTble npH TpaHcnopTHpoBKe H Y.llaJJeHHH OTXO.llOB HaceneHHe B uenoM. 5. HeoOXO.llf,IMO ocymecTBJlRTb Hayqmre Hccne.noBaHHR H pa3pa0arKH B oOna=H aBTOMaTH3aUHH ynaneHHR OTXO.llOB H CO3.llaHHR Oe3onacHblX TeXHOJJOrHA C uem,w 3antHTbl Bblll!eynOMRHyTblX rpynn OT B03nei:i=BHR <l>aKTOpoB PHCKa. TTpH 3TOM Bbll!leynOMflHYTble KaTeropHH nHU no=Hbl no.nyqaTb COOTBeT=BYIDII!YIO nonrOTOBKY H HH<l>opMaUHW no YKa3aHHb!M oonpocaM . 6 . HeoOXO.llf,IMO ocymeCTBJlRTb pa3nem,Hb1H cOop pa3~1X BH.llOB OTXO.llOB C yqeTOM pa3paOaraHHblX MeTonoB, a TaKJ!le CBOH=B arxonoB. TTpH 3TOM ynaKOBKH C HHMH nonlCHbl HMeTb y=aHOBneHHYW B crpaHax .llJ1R KOHTeHHepoB C TaKOro pona OTxonaMH pacuBeTKy HnH o0o3Haqetme . 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Cl!Glratme OTXO.llOB RBJJReTCR HaHOoJlee 3<1><1>eKTHBHblM cnocoOoM ynaneHHR Oom,meH qa=H HepeUHPKYnHPYWMHX OTXO.llOB . 10. Bee yqpel!U(eHHR Me.llf,IKCrCaHHTapHoro oOc.ny»raaHHR no~ HMeTb nHCbMeHHbre HH=PYKUHH OTHOCHTeJU,HO nOJJliTHKH H npoue.llYP oOpaOoTKH OTXO.llOB • TlepcoHan 3THX yqpelll.lleHHH .llOJJJ!leH npoHTH COO'rBeT=BYIDll!YK no.nroTOBKY B COOTBeT=BHH C pa3pa0araHHOH ITOJJliTHKOH. 11. Cne.nyeT CHHJl(aTb oO'.beMbl XH=ecKHX O'rXO.llOB nyTeM MaKCHMaJU,HO B03MOJEHOro COKpameHHR HCITOJU,3OBaffi!R XHMJ-!qecKHX Beble=B B yqpelll.lleHHRX Me.llf,IK<>-CaHHTapHoro o0c.nyJEHBaHHR, a TaKJ!le nyTeM 3aMeHbl, KOrna 3TO B03MOJIIHO, onacHblX XH=ecKHX Beme=B Ha HeonacHbre. Bo Bcex BO3MOJEHblX CJ!Y'laRX XH~ecKHe O'rXO.llbl nonlCHbl no.nBepraTbCR peUHPKYJlRUHH· Y.nanetme XH=ecKHX OTXOnoB cne.nyeT npoH3BO.llHTb nocpe.n=BOM c=raHHR . 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B Ha=onroeM OT'leTe npencTasneHbl Te BblBO,llbl, K KOTOPblM npHl!lnH Y'{aCTHHKH COBeblaHHR OTHOCHTeJibHO coneplltaHHR H MeTonos 3annaHHpoBaHHoro Ha 1984-1986 rr. MHOrOHaUl1OHaJibHOre HccnenoBaHHR 3KOHOMH'leCKOH 3'1><1>eKTHBH=nl nOMOblH Oom,HJ,IM, CTpanaJOOOHM XpoHJ,l'-{eCKHMH nCHXO3aMH . 1. !lRTb TeM HccnenosaHHR Y'laCTHHKH COBeblaHHR onpenenHnH nRTb OCHOBHblX TeM HccnenosaHHR H paccMOTpenH aneKBaTHOCTb pa3nl-l'IHl>IX MeTonos ere nposeneHHR . PerHOHaJibHble pa3nH'IHR TIO'leMy cnylltOhl oxpaHbl nCHXH'lecKOro 3nopoBbR OOJibHblX, CTpanaJOOOHX xpoHJ,l'-{ecKHMH ncHXO3aMH, CTOJib pa3nH'IHbl B esponeHCKHX CTpaHaX H KaKOBbl 3KOHOMH'lecKHe H COUl-laJibHble nocnenCTBHR 3THX pa3Jll-l'fHH? OcoObn:l HHTepec npenCTaBnReT paCCMOTpeHHe 3KOHOMH'leCKHX npH'IHH (ttanpHMep, 3KOHOMH'lecKOre cna.oa HnH c neplltHBaHHR pacxonos) H 3KOHOMH'leCKHX nocnenCTBHH ( nOBblllleHHe 3KOHOMH'lecKOO 3'1><1>eKTHBH=nl HnH poCT 3KOHOMH'leCKHX npoOneM, C KOTOPMMH cranKHBalOTCR ceMbH) TaKOro pona pa3nl-l'IHH. 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KaKHe r,:>YJl)lbl naUHeHTOB Oonee ocero nO.l]Bep.,,.eHbl B03.l]eHCTBHHl nepeMeH npoBO,llHMOH nOJTHTHKH B oOnaCTH OKa3aHHR noM0tttH? BHOBb rocnHTaJTH3HpoBaHHhle naUHeHTbt? 8blllHCaHHbte OoJlbHbte? He HMeH>tttHe c e MeH naUHeHTbt, CTpa,llaHltt1He nCHX03aMH? y.,,.e HaXO.l]RtttHecR B HeOnaronpHRTHOM CQUHam,HOM nono.,,.eHHH Oom,Hbte nCHX030M? CeMbR? OpraHH3aUHH COUHaJlbHOH noM0tttH? PaOoTHHKH COUHaJlbHblX cny'Tf.0? J(HBYlJ!He B ropo.llax JTHUa Oe3 onpe.lleneHHbtx 3aHRTHH? MeTO.ll npoBO.llHMOro HCCJle.l]OBaHHR OCHOBbtBaeTCR Ha 3MnHJ)H'iecKOM no.l]XO.lle, ueJlb KOTOporo - .l]aTb OTBeT Ha KOHKpeTl-lbte aonpoa,t rryTeM npoBe.l]eHJffl HHTepBblO, o030poB npecCbt, HaOJTHl.l]eHHH H T, .ll , TipH TaKOM 00.l]XO.lle BO MHOrHX CJTY'iaRX .uocraTO'iHblM ObtBaeT OTBeT no cyttteCTBy aonpoca , OrrrHMaJlbHbte pemeHHR CyltleCTByeT JlH O!TIHMam,Hbd't nopR,llOK, <l>opMbt, MeTO.lll,I H CTpaTerHH OKa3aHHR nOMOltlH OOJ!bHblM, CTpa,llaHltttHM XpoHH\ieCKHMH nCHX03aMH? KaKOBO OnTHMaJlbHoe CO'ieTaHHe nepBH'iHOH , BTOPH'iHOH H TpeTH'iHoi npo<l>HJTaKTHKH? MeTO.ll HCCJle.llOBaHlffl OCHOBhlBaeTCR Ha npoBe.l]eHHH aHaJ11,13a 3KOHOMH'iecKOH 3<1><1>eKTHBHOCTH HJl1,I 3aTpaT/BbtrO.l], TaKOH nO.llXO.ll HanpaBJTeH Ha .l]OCTH'Tf.eHHe MaKCHMaJlbHOH 3'1><1>eKTHBHOCTH HJll,I noJTy'{eHHe HaHOoJll,ltlHX BbtrO.ll B CJlO.,,.HblX 3KOHOMH\ieCKHX ycJTOBHRX ( C,llep.,,.HBaHHe paCX0.1]0B) .lla.,,.e B TeX CJTy\{aRX, KOr .l]a 3TO 03Ha'iaeT Hapytt1eHHe cyttteCTBYIOtttHX HOPM H CTaH.llaPTOB , ,ll.nR npoBe.lleHHR HCCJTe.l]OBaHHR MO.,,.eT TaK.,,.e noHa.l]00HTbCR HCnom,3oaaHHe UenH MapKOBa .llJlR MO.lleJTHJ)OBaHHR Te'ieHHR 3aOoneBaHHR, TecTOB .l]JlR Onpe,lleJTeHHR '{yBCTBHTeJ!bHOCTH , a TaK'Tf.e pa3Jll,l'{HblX .llPYrHX MeTO.llOB npoBe.l]eHHR npaKTH\iecKHX HCCJle.l]OBaHHH , TpeOoBaHHR no HH<l>opMauHH O TaKHX HCCJle.l]OBaHHRX MOryT OhlTb .llOCTaTO'iHO 3Ha\iHTeJlbHblMH, 2. WH3o<l>peHHR KaK HH.l]HKaTOP nCHX030B B ueHTpe BHHMaHHR HCCJTe.llOBaHHR .llO=Hbl CblTb naUHeHThl, CTpa.l]aH)tttHe xpoHH\ieCKOH tttH3o<l>peHHeH . 9TO o01>RCHReTCR CJTe.llYIOtttHMl-1 <l>aKTOpaMl-1: OTHOCHTeJlbHO onpe.l]eJTeHHbtM XaPaKTepoM .l]HarH03a; B03MO*HOCTbHl nomaep.,,.,lleHHR .l]Ha!"H03a rryTeM HCTTOJlb30BaHHR ltlKaJTbl nCHXH\iecKHX 3aOoneaaHHH; OTHOCHTeJ!bHOro e.l]HHCTBa B3rJTR.1]0 B Ha nOMOl!lb TaKoro po.Ila t'.loJll,HbtM; Oom,l!IHM pa3Hoo0pa3HeM CTpaTerHH OKa3aHHR nOMOltlH ( B pa3Jll,!'{l-!btX CTpaHaX OT 14 .1]0 92% OoJlbHbtX l!IH3o<l>peHHeH rocnHTaJ11,13HPYeTCR); OoJlbl!teH .llOCTYnHOCTbHl HH<l>OPMaUHH O 3aOo11eBaHHH, \ieM , HanpHMep, B CJTy'{aRX MaHHaKaJlbHO-,llenpecCHBHblX H HenpoH3B0JlbHblX ncHX030B; cpaBHHTeJll,HO Oonee BhlCOKHM ypoBHeM 3aOo11eaaeMOCTH OT 0,15 .1]0 2,5 Ha 1000 CJlY'{aea: 3KOHOMH'ieCKHM 3Ha\ieHHeM npoOneMbt, nOCKOJlbKY 3Ha\iHTeJlbHOMY npoueHTY oOtttero 'iHCJJa rocnHTaJTH3HpoBaHHhlX OOJ!bHhlX, crpa.l]aH)tttl-OC ncl-OCH'ieCKHMJ.I 3aOoneBaHHRMH, cTaBHTCR .l]HarH03 lllM30f>peHJ-n-f ! cepoe3HblMH npoOneMaMH .llJ1R ceMbH H COUHam,Horo OKp~eHHR B uenoM; .llJTHTeJlbHhlM Te'ieHHeM 3a0oneBaHHR (B 3aBHCliMOCTH OT pa3.rnNHhlX BH.llOB tttH3o<l>peHHH); H Y.llOBJTeTBOPHTeJ!bHblM ypoBHeM .l]OCTyna K HH<l>oPMaUHH npH npoBe.l]eHHH HCCJle.l]OBaHHR; 3. AHaJTH3 , no.l]Oop He.l]OCTaHltttl-OC .l]aHHhlX H onpe,lleJTeHHe HOBbtX HanpaaneHHH HCCJle.l]OBaHHR TIOMHMO paCCMOTpeHHR nRTH BbmteYKa3aHHblx npoOneM naUHeHTOB, CTpa.llaHltttHX XPQHH'ieCKOH tttH3o<l>peHHeH , npoBO.l]HMoe HCCJle.l]OBaHHe .ll=O CTaBHTb nepe.1] coOoH TJ)He.l]HH,'IO 3a.l]a'{y, AHaJll,13 3aBeprueHHOro H npoBO.llHMOro HCCJle.l]OBaHlffl Pel!teHHe 3TOO 3a.l]a'iH no3BOJTHT onpe.l]eJll,!Tb, KPHTH'ieCKH npoaHaJ11,13HpoBaTb H oOoOtttHTb pe3YJlbTaTbt npoBe.l]eHHOH paOoThl , a TaK'Tf.e paCCMOTpeTb XO.I] ocyttteCTBJTReMOH ,lleRTeJlbHOCTH, Ha OCHOBe <1ero Oy.l]yT nO,llrOTOBJleHbl npe.l]JlO'Tf.eHHR no .l]am,HeHttteMY npoBe.l]eHHHl HCCJle.llOBaHHR , AHaJTH3 Ka~oro npoeKTa OY.lleT BKJTHl'iaTb paCCMOTpeHHe ero 3a.l]a\i H ueneH, o6ocHOBaHHe npoBO.l]HMOro HCCJle.llOBaHHR Hero TeM , H3y"{eHHe MeTO.llOJlOrHH (HcnOJlb3YeMhlX 3KOHOMH\ieCKl-OC, 3nH.l]eMJ.IOJ10rH'ieCKJ-OC H - 232 - CTaTI1CTH«ec1<1-1X MeTonoB) H nonyqeHHbIX pe3YJlbTaTOB (KacaKlt!IHXCR Me,llHKO-CaHHTapHOH neRTeJlbHOCTH B CMe)l(HblX oOJJaCTRX, oOyqe HHR H no nrOTOBKH KanpoB, npoBeneHHR naJlbHe>lllniX HayqHblX HCCJJenoBaHHH) . ITo.nOop HenOCTa!OIIIHX naHHblX ,llJ1R 3aBeproeHHOro HCcnenmxlHHR BL1110J1HeHHe 9TO!'.i 3a,naqH npenno11araeT paOoTy c MaTepHamMH J1l00oro Hcc11enm1aHHR, ecJ1J-1 oHH Jll-llJle Hbr COOTBeTCTBy!OIJle r o KOMllOHeHTa, KaCa10111erOCR 9KOHOMHKH 3npaBOOXpaHeHHR . 8 HeKOTOpblX HCCJJenoBaHHRX , HanpHMep, HHOOpMaUHR O pacxonax MO)l(eT BOOOtue OTCYTCTBOBaTb; B npyrHX - MOryT He ynOMHHaTbCR n aHHbre O pacxo nax, KOTOpble HecyT ceMbH, oOIIIHHa H o011teCTBO B uenoM; B TpeTbHX - MOryT Ob!Tb npHBeneHbl c penHHe n o Ka3aTeJJH pacxo n o B, Te rna KaK Ob!JJO Obi ue11ecooOpa3Hee onepHpoBaTb KOHUenUHRMH, npenno11ara10111HMH HCTIOJlb3 oBaHHe naHHblX o BblrOnHLIX H MaKCHMaJlbHbIX pacxo nax . EcJll-1 9TO OKa)l(eTCR B03 MO)l(Hb!M H ue11ecoo0pa3Hb1M, B paMKaX npoBOnHMOro HCCJJe no Ba HHR OynyT n o n oOpaHbl Hen=TalOlltaR HH<l>OpMaUHR H COOTBeTCTBy!Oll!He 9KOHOMHqecKHe naHHble nJJR 3aBep111eHHR HCCJJeno BaTeJlbCKHX npoeKTOB nyTeM n o paOoTKH pe3yJlbTaTOB B xone aHaJJH3a 9KOHOMW<ecKOH 9¢cl>eKTI1BHOCTH ( pacxom,1/ Bb1r om,1 HJlH npyrne 9KOHOMH"!eCKHe noKa3aTeJJH), a TaK)l(e B xone nonroTOBKH HOBblX BblBODOB nJJR HX n=11eny1011tero HCTIOJlb30BaHHR npH npoBeneHHH nOJll-lTI1KH B Me,llHKO-CaHHTapHOH H COUHaJlbHOH oOJJaCTRX. Onpene11eHHe HOBblX HanpaBJJeHHH npoBOnHMblX H nraHHPyeMbIX HCCJJenoBaHHH 3Ta qaCTb paOoTbl OyneT ocyllteCTBJlRTbCR napa1111em,HO C MeponpHRTHRMH no n o n Oopy HenOCTalOIIIHX na HHhlX nJJR 3aBeproeHHblX HCCJleDOBaHHH, BynyT y CTa HOBJleHbl KOHTaKTbl C HHCTHTYTaMH, npoBOnRIJIHMH B HaCTORll!ee BpeMR HayqHbre HCcnenoBa HHR B naHHOH oona CTH HJ1H pa3paOoTaB1JJHMH HenaBHO no npoOHbre npenJJO)l(eHHR no HayqHO-HCCJJeno Ba TeJlhCKOH neRTeJlbHOCTH. 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KpoMe Tor o , B c OCTaBe OpHram,1 HJll-1 BHe ee, BblITOJlHRR KOHcyJlbTaTHBHble <l>YHKUHH , MOryT paOoTaTb ncHXHaTPbl, nCHXOJlOrH H paOoTHHKH COUHaJ!bHblX CJTY)l(0 , 8 3aBHCHMOCTH OT 3a,naq To ro HJlH HHOro HaUHOHaJ!bHOro Hcc11enoBaHHR KOHCy JlbTa THBHYIO no MOlllb B e r o npoBeneHHH MOrYT TaK)l(e OKa 3 b!BaTb COUHOJlOrH , 0HOCTaTI1CTI1KH, cneUHaJJHCTbl B o011a CTI1 HCnOJlb30BaHHR '.3BM H npyrne 9 Kcn e prbl. ECJJH perncrpbl 3a Oo11eBaHHH HJlH MaTepHaJlbl npoBeneHHbrX paHee HCCJJe no Ba HHH He conep)l(aT Hcqepm 1Ba101JJeH 1-0i<l>OpMaUHH, B03 M0)1(H0 , ITOHa.DOOHTCR oOecn e qHTb n =TYIT yqa c THHKOB HCcnenoBaHHR K n a UHe HTa M qepe3 yqpe)l(ne HHR nep BHqttOH MenHKO- caHHTapHOH ITOMOIIIH HJlH npyrHe CJTY)l((Sb1. ITepen OpHrano li H3 <l>enepaTHBHOH Pecny0 Jll-lKH r e pMaHHH <SyneT n=TaBJle Ha 3anaqa = YlllecTBJlRTb <l>yttKUHH cnpaBoqHoro 3 Be Ha H n onrOTOBHTb Oonee nonpoC\HblH npoeKT HCCJJeno Ba HHR. 8onpocbr, 3aMeqaHHR H npenJJO)l(eHHR c11enyeT HanpaBJlRTb no anpecy: Dr . 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B Kaqecree nepBOro Mara B 9TOM HanpaeneHHH cne.IJYeT npocHTb yqacTHHKOB HayqttOH rpyrnlhl npenocraBHTb CBOH MaTep1-1am1, CBR3aHHble C nO.IJrOTOBKOO; TaM, rne 9TO Heo0XO.IIHMO, cne.IJYeT pa3paOoTaTb nononHHTeJ!bHble MaTepHaJlbl no H3y<,leHHIO KOHKpeTHblX c.nyqaeB B UenRX paC1I1HPeHHR HX 'Olcna. CnenyeT no B03MO11(H0CTH HC!lOJTb3OBaTb cyllleCTBYIOlIIHe MaTepHaJ1bl ( HanpHMep, MaTepHamI Mell(.IJYHapo.IJHoro paOoqero ceMHHapa no nonroTOBKe B oOnaCTH 3.IJPaBOOXpatteHHR, COCTORB1J1eroc11 B KoneHrareHe B 1982 ro.IJY a). CoOHpaeMb1e MaTepHamI Heo0XO.IJHMO anpoOHpoBaTb BO BpeMR npoeeneHHR COOTBeTCTBYIOlllHX paOo'O!X COBelllaHHH no BOnpocaM nO.IlrOTOBKH. B HaCTORIJlee BpeMR npH pacnpocrpaHeHHH HMelOIJlerocR MaTep1-1ana no BonpocaM nonrOTOBKH H pa3pa0oTKH MO.IJYfleH Heo0XO.IJHMO conpoBOll(.IJaTb ero FICHbIMH 3aMeqaHHRMH O UenRX MonyneA H YKa3aHHRMH, pacKpb!Ba!OIIIHMH MeTO.Ilbl npaBHJlbHoro HCITOJlb3OBaHHR TaKHX MaTep1-1anoB . 4TO KaCaeTCR caMHX Hccne.110BaHHH KOHKpeTHblX c.nyqaeB, Obino npe.IJnOll(eHO, rne 9TO uenecoo0pa3HO, yneMTb Oom,llle BHHMaHHR pa3paOoTKe npHMepoB TaKHX cnyqaee, KOTOpble pacKp!,IBalOT KOHCYJTbTaTHBHYIO pom, 9KOHOMHCTOB H KOHKPeTHbie 3ana= nef!TeJlbHOCTH PYKOBO.IJHTeneA H paOoTHHKOB 3.IJpaBOOXpaHeHHR, a TaKll(e HX 3HaqeHHe B nOnHTHKe 3.IJpaBOOXpatteHHF!, nocne roro, KaK OyneT coOpaH Hnn!OCI'paTHBHb!H MaTepHan H, B03MOlltHO, nocne TOro , KaK OH Oy.neT anpo0HpoBaH B CHTyaUHRX, OTp311(aJ0blHX ycnOBHR .11eF1TeJlbHOCTH pa3JllNHblX ueneBbIX rpynn H CHCTeM 3,llpaBOOXpaHeHHR, cne.IJYeT C03BaTb '11)eTbe COBelI!aHHe HayqHOH rpyrlITbl .IJnR oueHKH MaTepHanOB H/HnH OITblTa oOyqeHHR, a TaKll(e BblpaOOTKH peKOMeH.!lilllHA OTHOCHTeJlbHO paCIIIHpeHHR yqeOHblX MaTepHanOB H 3aBePIJleHHR paOoTbl Ha.II HHMH. 4TO KacaeTCR aHanH3a OITb!Ta oOyqeHHR, BE!CbMa ll(enaTeJlbHO, '!To0bl yqaCTHHKH ueneBblX rpynn CaMH oueHHnH ITPHMepbl c.nyqaeB Ha OCHOBe HCnOJTb3OBaHHR COOTBeTCTBy!OlJII-IX MeXaHH3MOB. 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