Summary report of the FAO/CSA inter-country workshop on the socio-economic development of oncho-freed zones Ouagadougou, 25-28 May 1998

Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa Programme de Lutte contre I'Onchocercose en Afrique de I'Ouest JPC - CCP { a JOINT PROGRAMME COMMITTEE Office of the Chairman JOINT PROGRAMME COMMITTEE Nineteenth session Accra. 7-9 December 1998 COMITE CONJOINT DU PROGRAMME Bureau du Pr6sident JPC1g/INF/DOC.1 ORIGINAL : ENGLISH November 1998 SI.JMMARY REPORT OF TIM FAO/CSA INTER-COI.TNTRY WORKSHOP ON TIIE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF ONCHO.FREED ZONES Ouagadougot, 25-28 May 1998 , (i) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION WORKSHOP BACKGROLTND . WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES . . . . FORMAT AND PARTICIPANTS SPONSORS AND SUPPORT . . . OPENING OF THE WORKSHOP REVIEW OF THE RE,PORTS OF NATIONAL WORKSHOPS: TAKING A COMMUNITY.BASED AND CROSS-SECTORAL FOCUS PRESENTATIONS COMMENTS AND DISCUSSION REVIEW OF SUSTAINABLE SETTLEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES: TAKING A THEMATIC ISSUES-ORIENTED FOCUS TECHNICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL CHALLENGES SOCIAL AND HUMAN CHALLENGES POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES . . LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE REVIEWS THE DETERMINATIVE IMPACT OF GEOGRAPHIC AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTEzuSTICS OF THE OFZS OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES . . WORKSHOP OUTCOME: PLANS OF ACTION GUIDING OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES . . NATIONAL PLANS OF ACTION CONSOLIDATED PLAN OF ACTION FOR SED FOLLOW-UP TRANSNATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION: KEY ACTIVITIES CONSIDERED RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FOLLOW-UP wbmsnop ourcovrp: orunR nnsulrs INCREASE AWARENESS OF SED ISSUES AND NEEDS ndsOTUUONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . 7 7 7 8 8 9 10 t2 t2 l3 l3 t4 t4 15 . l5 .15 I , I I 2 2 2 J 3 6 CLOSURE OF THE WORKSHOP 15 I I(i i) ANNEXES LIST OF PARTICIPANTS NATIONAL PLANS OF ACTION: MATRIX OF PzuOzuTY PROBLEMS, OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES . . . CONSOLIDATED PLAN OF ACTION FOR SED FOLLOW-UP RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS t7 24 26 27 2 J 4 (iii) ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AVV Volta Valleys Development Authority CSA Committee of Sponsoring Agencies IEC Information, Education and Communication FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations NGDOs Non-Governmental Development Organizations OCP Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa OFZs Oncho-freed Zones SED Sustainable Settlement and Development SSPP Support Strategy and Pilot Programme UNDP United Nations Development Programme wHo World Health Organization INTRODUCTION WORKSHOP BACKGROTJND The Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa (OCP) has virtually eliminated onchocerciasis throughout its area as a major public health problem and constraint to socio-economic development. Approximately 25 million ha of fertile land have been freed from the disease. In many instances farmers are reclaiming this land in great numbers and the rapid settlement/resettlement is threatening the fragile ecosystems of the river valleys. Where once the enemy was the river blindness disease, today it is deforestation, erosion and extensive cultivation. In other cases, the reahzation of the hard-won development potential is hampered by isolation and several other constraints. A Ministerial Meeting held in Paris in April 1994 on Sustainable Settlement and Development of the Onchocerciasis-freed Zones in West Africa (SED) approved, by consensus, 15 guiding principles for concerted action. With the concurrence of the stakeholders, the OCP Committee of Sponsoring Agencies (CSA) designated FAO its lead technical agency for SED follow-up. In July 1976, a follow-up Support Strategy and Pilot Programme (SSPP) endorsed by the CSA emphasized community participation, national ownership and government commitment, co-operation among the I I participating countries, and donor support as key success factors. In keeping with this strategy, and with f,rnancial support from FAO, national consultative workshops and other participatory mechanisms were developed in each of the l1 OCP countries in 1997 and during the first quarter of 1998 with two specific objectives: (i) to raise awareness of the need for integrating specific settlement issues and objectives into national plans, programmes and budgets; and (ii) to formulate national strategies and plans of action for SED. The Inter-country Workshop was organized as a follow-up to both the Ministerial Meeting and national consultative processes to get SED follow-up move from vision and strategic planning to action. Three primary objectives were recognized: to review the outcome of national workshops on strategies and plans of action for assistance to spontaneous settlement; to explore issues associated with spontaneous settlement of the areas freed from onchocerciasis in the light of the Guiding Principles agreed upon in the 1994 Paris Ministerial Meeting and various relevant studies on the issue; to develop a consolidated indicative action plan as a reference and guide for SED technical follow-up over the entire OCP area. a a a WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES 2a FORMAT AND PARTICIPANTS The 4-day workshop, designed to be participatory, was structured with four plenary sessions and four working groups. A field visit was organized in a resettled village. It allowed input from all participants to be part of the conclusions, taking into account the diverse experience and expertise of all present. It brought together nearly 70 participants (list attached as Annex 1) including: men and women representing the I I OCP participating countries', including - for most of them - the SED national co-ordinator, the director of national planning, and a representative of national Non-Governmental Development Organizations (NGDOs). Some farmers from Burkina Faso were also present. representatives of the Sponsoring Agencies and members of the Committee of Sponsoring Agencies including FAO, UNDP, WHO (OCP/APOC), and the World Bank; representatives from academic, scientific and regional/development institutions; donors invited experts/resource persons/facilitators. SPONSORS AND SUPPORT The Workshop was initiated by FAO in the context of the CSA. It was managed by OCP in Ouagadougou in accordance with a Letter of Agreement signed between the Programme and FAO. The many partners listed below provided cash funds, resources in kind or technical inputs to the workshop: Government of Burkina Faso/ONAT Sponsoring Agencies (FAO, UNDP, World Bank, WHO (OCP) Invited experts OPENING OF THE WORKSHOP The workshop was held from 25 to 28 May 1998, at the headquarters of OCP in Ouagadougou. H. E. Mr. Michel Koutaba, Minister of Agriculture, Burkina Faso, opened the meeting, accompanied by Dr. Yankum Dadzie, Director of OCP, Dr. J.P. Eckebil, FAO Deputy Regional Representative and FAO Representative in Ghana, and Dr. Suzanne Leloup, representative of the World Bank. In welcoming participants to the headquarters of OCP, Dr. Dadzie stressed the importance qnd timing of the workshop. He reported that OCP had practically reached its objective of eliminating onchocerciasis as a public health problem and thereby removed an obstacle to socio- economic development in oncho-freed zones (OFZs). a a a a a The valuable contribution of all is gratefully acknowledged I Benin, Burkina Faso, C6te d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea , Guinea Bissau, Mali. Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo -t Dr. Eckebil praised the freeing of land for agricultural development and pledged that FAO would provide member states in the OCP area with expertise for developing long-term strategies. He pointed out that the decentralization of FAO has greatly increased the capacity of his office to support countries' development efforts. Dr. Leloup expressed admiration for OCP's ability to organize regular inter-country meetings such as the Inter-country Workshop. She said such undertakings are not common to other organizations she knows of. She expressed her expectations that the workshop would lead to project proposals to be submitted to the donor community for funding. In his opening address, the Minister welcomed workshop participants to Burkina Faso. He referred to the 1994 Paris Ministerial Meeting, attended by the Heads of State of Burkina Faso and Senegal. He said it is time to use the l5 guiding principles agreed upon at that meeting as a basis for sustainable development prograrnmes for the OFZs, to ensure land security, protection of the environment, full participation of village committees and involvement of women in the implementation of such programmes. The participants adopted the agenda of the workshop as reflected in the Table of Contents of the present report. REVIEW OF THE REPORTS OF NATIONAL WORKSHOPS: TAKING A COMMUNITY.BASED AND CROSS-SECTORAL FOCUS Discussions opened with a review of the reports of national workshops. In this context, presentations were made by groups of three or four countries, with time for comments and discussion following each group's presentation. PRESENTATIONS The national workshops and related consultative mechanisms (consultative meetings, field visits and local interviews) took a comprehensive rural and cross-sectoral development focus. They put special emphasis on the participation of the local populations and communities, involvement of women, evaluation of the existing development potential and addressing such long-ignored issues as land tenure insecurity. Priority actions and the constraints to such actions were indicated implicitly or explicitly. The following is a brief summary of the presentations, complemented as found useful by extracts of the national workshop reports. Benin. The national workshop of Benin stressed certain health priorities in its development program for the OFZs, including the need for strengthened epidemiological surveillance, community treatment, treatment of water courses, strengthening of the health infrastructure; integration of onchocerciasis control into the primary health system, and information, education and communication (IEC). The workshop determined that information and data conceming OFZs would be updated. With regard to agriculture, animal husbandry and fisheries, the Benin workshop stressed the need for the harmonious development of food and cash crops, including cotton, attention to land management, use of organic fertilizers, efficient storage techniques, co-ordination of mixed farming, milk production, construction of check dams and fish farming. 4The workshop recommended opening feeder roads, boring wells, and construction of schools, markets and warehouses with special attention to full participation of target populations. As for mechanisms to support sustainable development in OFZs, it was recommended that the National Devolution Committee be given more support and that a National Consultation Committee for Sustainable Development in OFZs be created. It was recommended that a trial prograrnme, focusing on the above, be undertaken for subsequent implementation in eight sub-prefectures in the OCP area. Burkina Faso. The Volta Valleys Development Authority (AVV) was established in 1974 with the mandate of settling and training people in the OFZs. It was restructured in 1991 before completing preparation of a land-tenure plan to guarantee migrants' land security. The national workshop recommended that the land-tenure plan that was being developed in the context of the Ganzourgou Local Development Project be implemented as soon as possible as a pilot project with a plan to expand it into other areas. The workshop highlighted the land insecurity problem resulting from the combination of uncontrolled, spontaneous settlement and the attempts of indigenous inhabitants to recover land. Because of this, the application of the Agrarian and Land Reform in these zones was becoming urgent, and the workshop further recommended legal recognition of village land-management commissions. The workshop also determined that future prograrnmes should recognize the importance of target population participation and pay special attention to management, protection of the ecosystem, agro- pastoral development, agricultural research, strengthening of the social infrastructure, training, and the integration of women in development activities. Also, availability of credit on reasonable terms should be promoted. COte d'Ivoire. The national workshop called for a clear picture of resettlement trends and the development of mobilization and awareness-building strategies for OFZ inhabitants. The workshop recommended establishing an institutional framework, conducting studies on epidemiological, geographic and socio-economic aspects of the OFZs, and adopting a participatory approach involving concerned government departments, target populations, NGDOs, etc. As for sustainable development of OFZs, the workshop recommended that people be encouraged to return to these zones through information and awareness-building campaigns, that socio-economic infrastructures be established, that agriculture be intensified with mixed farming and reforestation, and that a comprehensive, integrated development progralnme be implemented in the near future. Ghanu The national workshop identified two main constraints to sustainable development in the OFZs: use of traditional farming techniques on the one hand, lack of socio-economic infrastructure, of income- generating activities and of adequate manpower on the other. The objective of a development programme would be to increase agricultural production by irpproving farming techniques, strengthening socio-economic infrastructure, increasing cash earnings, aird strengthening involvement of target populations. More specifically, there was a need to define the land-use zones, increase agriculture, livestock and fish production, carry out an assessment of the current situation, and to undertake further studies regarding support to development. 5The workshop recorrrmended the launching of pilot projects in fbur districts that would improve infrastructure, take account of traditional authorities, enhance the social environment, move towards lands tenure arrangements, and propose to ECOWAS a protocol to address problems connected with transhumance activities from neighbouring countries Guinea. Guinea held both a regional and a national workshop. The regional workshop was held in Kankan. The national workshop was held in Conakry with representatives of interested government departments as well as settlers from the OFZs. The recommendations of the two workshops included immediate identification of OFZs through satellite imaging, field studies on the dynamics of settlement (land use and occupation) and environmental monitoring; installation of a credit mechanism to allow for purchase of fertilizers, herbicides, seeds and farming equipment; provision of water for human and stock consumption and irrigation; continuation of ivermectin distrrbution; and the launching of an awareness-building campaign to overcome'oncho-psychosis'. The workshop determined that a self-development policy would be needed to ensure participation of the target populations. The government was encouraged to set up a planning, coordination and regional development structure, and to involve grassroots communities in designing a land-tenure system. Action plans should be developed to identifu the features of OFZs and to establish a two-tiered structure to oversee the work. Any programmes should be developed in the context of the overall policy of the country. Guinea-BissauThe recommendations for sustainable settlement and development of oncho-affected areas included complete control of onchocerciasis, improvement of the health status of the populations in these areas through awareness-building and education, improved agricultural production, and the launching of a pilot-programme for sustainable development of the affected zones. [Based on the Report of the national workshop, as the delegation from Guinea-Bissau arrived late.] MalL The national workshop made the following recommendations: carry out a survey and study designed to profit from the experience in sustainable settlement and development of OFZs; and implement a trial project in Kita and Kangaba that encompasses decentralization, participation and revised planning, and incorporates socio-economic development activities and the control of animal trypanosomiasis. The important problems/constraints of deforestation/desertification which were being tackled by a series of projects were discussed. Any new strategies would be developed in the context of government priorities, including poverty alleviation and promotion of the role of women. Niger. The national workshop determined that preparing for a pilot project requires a clear definition of the intervention zones, clarification of land tenure issues, and a survey of current activities of NGDOs and development associations. Local goverrrment representatives were requested to survey socio-economic activities within their administrative areas. [Based on the report of the national workshop.l Senegal. A planned programme for sustainable settlement and development of OFZs, to be implemented under the Ministry of Agriculture, would encompass the main components of rural development, i.e. agriculfure, animal husbandry, natural resource management, rural engineering, health and education. This would require investment in inigated larming; introduction of cash crops, mixed farming and diversification; soil restoration; installation of small dams; educational programmes and 6functional literacy campaigns; and health protection for livestock, including vector control. Emphasis would be given to promotion of community involvement and ensuring a high degree of decentralization. Sierra Leone. Civil unrest had resulted in massive internal population displacement and migration to neighbouring countries. There was disruption in support services, infrastructure and input-supply. OCP operations had been discontinued in the country for four years. The overriding priority of the goverrrment is rehabilitation/resettlement/reconstruction. It is uncertain if populations displaced from OFZs would retum. However, a survey is planned in these zones as soon as possible. Relief assistance has been received from international organizations and NGDOs. Togo. The development strategy for OFZs would be considered in the context of the entire region in which the OFZs are located. The action plan for the development of OFZs aims at stabilizing the migrant population, increasing and diversifying agricultural production, and alleviating poverty. The specific objectives of the plan are consolidation of the land-management system, protection and conservation of natural resources, and the creation of income-generating activities. The programme would follow the new orientation for development, including a multisectoral approach and strong internal coordination. A prerequisite would be an evaluation of the development potential in the OFZs. COMMENTS AND DISCUSSION A discussion and question and answer session followed the presentations. The following summarizes some of the comments. As regards the estimation of the budgetary requirements for country programmes, the impression was that, for a majority of them, it would have to be given at a later date because there had not been sufficient time or resources to make the necessary estimates. The representative of the World Bank reminded participants of meetings on socio-economic development organized under OCP, including the 1994 Ministerial Meeting, and spoke of the purpose of the current workshop and what action should follow. She said one purpose would be to be able to submit some concrete pilot projects to the next JPC meeting by the end of this year. Although emphasis was to be put on national proposals, she still thought there was some potential for regional projects such as those relating to the management of intemational river basins. In general, she felt that water supply was a common need for the whole region, which would address many issues of concern to women as they are generally responsible for the supply of drinking water and for the treatment of the sick. In commenting on the suggestion of the representative of the World Bank, participants stressed the inequality of development prospects in OFZs among OCP countries and even within individual countries. However, inter-country projects that bring together a series of common concerns could be prepared with sufficient flexibility to allow for different treatment according to a country's particular needs. 7REVIEW OF SUSTAINABLE SETTLEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES: TAKING A THEMATIC ISSUES.ORIENTED FOCUS As a complement to the review of national workshops, a six-point thematic/settlement issues- oriented agenda was developed by the workshop Organizing Committee and the workshop participants. For the purpose of this presentation, the six thematic focuses have been grouped into three categories of challenges as presented below. TECHNICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL CHALLENGES Theme l. Preventing the degradation of natural resources in settlement areas and ensuring sustainable management and use of natural resources A specific and interesting feature of settlement in new lands is that it provides a double opportunity. It could (i) prevent the degradation of natural resources (soil, water, pasture and forest) before it actually occurs; and (ii) promote and maintain more viable and sustainable farm household production systems in the settlement, rather than in the sending, areas. However, in the oncho-freed zones, the process is often associated with rapid decreases in forest cover, particularly gallery forests, soil loss, and declines in land productivity, wildlife, grazing land and water quality/quantity. The workshop reviewed the causes of the rapid degradation of natural resources in already settled areas and looked into actions that could help improve the situation. Theme 2. Promoting more intensified and sustainable farm household systems and enhancing agricultural production and settler income Often, the fastest way to generate a surplus is through extensive agricultural production techniques. This, unfortunately, depletes the soil and inhibits further agricultural production. Sustainable and diversified production systems are therefore central to the success of settlement in the OCP area. Diversification also plays an important role in household income generating strategies. SOCIAL AND HUMAN CHALLENGES Theme 3. Providingfor basic socio-economic services and infrastructure The workshop noted that: (i) the lack of adequate support services and socio-economic infrastructure is a general feature in the oncho-freed zones, but the problem is particularly serious in the 'new lands'; (ii) major and specific problems relate to isolation, lack of support services and social facilities (agricultural extension, research, credit, health, schools, etc.) and poorly organized markets; (iii) in general, settlers tend to move to areas where facilities such as transport, marketing, health, education, etc. are available; (iv) such facilities and access to agricultural extension can be used to direct spontaneous settlers to high potential zones; and (v) the process of settlement touches on the responsibilities of different ministries and, to be effective, the govemment should be able to co-ordinate its own activities. 8Theme 4. Capacity building of settlers and community organizations for effective participation and s h a red clec is io n-ma king Community participation (including hosts, settlers, and pastoralists) in all aspects of the settlement process, from site selection to provision of services, is required for sustainable settlement. The participation of women in this process is critical and should be given special attention. POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES Theme 5. Land tenure insecurity in settlement areas: linking security of tenure to customary rights, state regulations and incentives to avoid conJlicts over access to and use of land, through community p artic ip atio n a nd respo ns ibility Although much of the 25 million ha freed from onchocerciasis is sparsely populated, almost none of it is unclaimed. Despite attempts by national govemments to override traditional land tenure systems, such systems coexist with legal and regulatory texts concerning land property in rural areas, which exacerbates conflicts over land ownership and use. Insecurity of tenure, one of the most pressing settlement issues, involves two sub-issues: (i) conflicts between hosts, pastoralists and settlers; and (ii) access to land for certain minority and social groups (transhumance Peulh, cattle farmers, women, youngsters) subjected to restrictions or privations. Such conflicts and limitations inhibit investments in productivity. Theme 6. Provide a reliable and sound data and information base for improved and more appropriately targeted policy and planning To translate the complex issue of support for sustainable settlement and development of the oncho-freed river valleys into sound project proposals, site-specific, detailed information on the present situation and the effects of key interventions in the area is needed, some on a yearly basis. This thematic agenda was based on the findings of the 'Land Settlement Review", the Proceedings of the Paris Ministerial Meeting, the Reports of the national workshops and views collected through various consultative mechanisms. These issues - most already discussed in the Paris Ministerial Meeting - were presented along with related country case studies and reviewed in plenary sessions and working groups. LESSONS LEARI\ED FROM THE REVIEWS The review provided a series of lessons with regard to: (i) the determinative impact of gdographic and ecological characteristics of the OFZs; and (ii) operational strategies. The analysis below aggregates findings on these aspects. 2 Lantl Selllement Review, Settlement Experiences and Development Strategies in the Onchocerciasis Controlled areas of West Africa, Final Report; Della McMillan, Thomas Painter, Thayer Scudder; July 1990, Institute of Development Anthropology, Binghampton, New York. 9CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OFZS The question is what are the significant geographic and ecological characteristics of the OFZs and the extent to which they should direct action and determine what to do and where, when and even how to do it (geographic and ecological determinism of the plans of action). It was noted that from the point of view of density of population, use and occupation of agricultural land; management of natural resource and climate, there were three types of situations that characterized the river valleys freed from onchocerciasis: Situation A. Valleys where the (Re)Settlement Process (Organized or Spontaneous) has already taken place Economic groMh has been associated with rapid deforestation, soil loss or depletion, productivity loss, desertification and decrease in wildlife. Cases particularly in point are the densely settled OFZs of Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and parts of Cdte d'Ivoire and Togo. There is an urgent need to optimize land and other natural resource use in order to restore, stabilize and possibly improve the carrying capacity of the land for both the existing populations and future generations. The need and demand for the intensification of production systems are therefore high, and such systems can be used as an entry point for investment programmes. Situation B. Valleys where Rapid Settlement/Resettlement is in Process The pace of change is putting increasing pressure on the production base. As in the already densely settled areas, growth is being put ahead of concerns for the production base and the environment. There is a need to avoid the risk of repeating past mistakes. In these areas, the high cost of repairing damages likely to be done to the production base can still be largely avoided. Countries concerned (partly or entirely) are notably Benin, Cdte d'Ivoire, Ghana and Togo. Production system improvements based on intensification should also be used as an entry point along with other priorities Situation C. Under-Populated Valleys Where'New Land' is Plentiful Very limited accessibility and lack of social services are serious constraining factors. Here, more than elsewhere, better understanding of ecosystems and of links to sustainable agricultural activities require a sound data and information base. The key challenge is to create the conditions that take advantage of the development opportunities offered by the new lands. Socio-economic infrastructures and support services are critical requirements for encouraging the settlement of these lands. Typical areas of this kind are in Ghana, Guinea and Senegal. Encouraging ex-ante site-specif,rc socio-economic studies and action focusing on socio-economic infrastructure and services would be an appreciable entry point. Onchocerciasis-freed zones are far from homogeneous. Differences exist between valleys within the same country and between countries. In fact, there are cases of pockets of Situation C in Situation A. The relative importance of the OFZs and the pattern of occupation and use of land are not comparable everywhere. Where their location coincides with optimum rainfall, the OFZs represent the highest production potential and densely populated area in the country (Situation A). Where rainfall l0 is unfavourable and remoteness and isolation the main features, OFZs are often classified as relatively marginal. Hence the difference in the pace of settlement and development priorities across the OCP area and the need to adopt a flexible, almost valley site-specific approach to programmes and project development across the OFZs. OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES Given the many problems historically surrounding land settlement and sustainable development, the challenge arises to identify mistakes to be avoided on the one hand, and approaches and strategies to follow on the other. In this respect, the following lessons emerged from the reviews, ranging from the role of the government to the need for international support. Whilst highlighting some new issues, most of these lessons merely tend to reinforce the 15 Guiding Policy Principles approved by consensus at the Paris Ministerial Meeting in 1994. Mainstreaming the Role of Governments . It is not the intention of any govemment to organize migration into the oncho-freed zones, selecting and installing settlers and mandating production systems. The strategy is to encourage 'assisted spontaneous settlement' as the most appropriate approach in terms of both cost effectiveness and sustainability. Though settlers move on their own to the OFZs, they regard government support action as critical for their successful and sustainable implantation. Governments are expected to accompany the process already occurring in an effective and co-ordinated manner, incorporating settlement considerations into national planning as part of its overall development efforts. a Land Tenure Securi8 and Sustainable Natural Resource Management There is evidence of close association between security of tenure and commitment to sustainable management of natural resources. Because improvement in the management of natural resources is vital for the success of settlement, land tenure security is fundamental to such success. It is important, therefore, that existing laws and regulations dealing with ownership and management of natural resources should be updated to take account of customary tenure arrangements and the interest of the concerned communities. Community participation is critical for avoiding conflicts over access to and use of such resources. It was noted that promoting community participation requires adequate time, capacity building and incentives. Supporting social services and infrastructure develop-ment, e.g. roads, health cape, education and water management are essential components of such incentives. As in all settlement projects, intensified production systems are central to the initial success of settlement in the OFZs. Diversified and dynamic farming systems play an important role in generating heusehold income and sustainability over time. ll The workshop stressed the need for: (i) assuring subsistence production and food security early in the settlement process; (ii) developing, as much as possible, intensified agro/sylvo/ pastoral production systems; (iii) diversification into other crops and other income-generating activities over time;and (iv) defining the specific role of extension services in assisting spontaneous settlement with a triple implication (as suggested in the Land Settlement Review): agricultural extension messages need to shift over time; agricultural extension systems need to understand the role of diversification in household income-generating strategies; extension systems must be able to provide advice on sustainable production systems that are financially viable for small farmers. Organization and Management of SED Follow-up Projects: The Role of CommuniA and Stakeholder Organizations . Heavy project management structures - from special units in line ministries to semi-independent agencies - are still contemplated. It is being implicitly argued that the best alternative to unsustainable parastatals might not always be line ministries where responsibility and accountability are often difficult to establish or obtain. . the workshop stressed the need for collaborative and empowering mechanisms implying capacity- building of stakeholder organizations, strengthening of the legal status of, and self-management by, these organizations, joint working groups, decentralization of authority to local administrations, local communities and NGDOs. Filling Critical Gaps and Development of SynergJt and Complementarity The workshop noted that specific data and information as well as ex-ante site-specific socio- economic studies for sound investment decision-making are lacking in most countries. Filling gaps of this nature should be given consideration for use as an entry point for pre-investment/foundation building for sustainable settlement. . Several countries already have on-going multiple developmental programmes and projects in OFZs. Great care and consultation are needed to minimize duplication and promote synergy. . The presence of the black fly, the vector of the river blindness disease, is often associated with that of the disease, even where there is no likelihood of the vector itself being infected. In certain countries, like Guinea, the fear has developed into what has become known as 'oncho-psychosis'. . The phenomenon is by no means confined to Guinea. It is found in many other countries including Benin, Burkina Faso, C6te d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Mali and Togo. Oncho-psychosis discourages potential migrants from moving into ascertained oncho-freed areas. The elimination of oncho-psychosis should be, therefore, a subject of concern for SED follow-up. International cooperation: pioneering pilot project development and international cooperation Financial and human resource needs associated with the sustainable settlement and development of the OFZs entails the strong support of the international community. This implies creating and facilitating opportunities for governments antl local communities to interact with potential donors, aid agencies and financial institutions. a Overcomine 'Oncho-Psvchosb' Dbcourasins Peoole to Move into Ascertained Oncho-Freed Zones t2 . OCP countries recognize that it will neither be possible nor efficient to initiate action in all the valleys at the same time at full scale. Catalytic pilot operations will be needed, to serve as precursors to potentially larger-scale investment, and to test the effectiveness and validity of certain participatory settlement development modalities and innovations. WORKSHOP OUTCOME: PLANS OF ACTION Towards the end of the workshop, participants met in national and transnational working groups and plenary sessions to review or develop and discuss national plans of action as well as cross-border issues and possible relevant collaborations. Use was made of outputs from the review of national workshop reports, from the review of thematic issues and from the analysis of case studies presented on approaches to, and experience with, human settlement. A checklist and format were developed jointly by the participants that led to the presentation of country action plans in a harmonized outline format including guiding operational strategies, priority problems, objectives and actions envisaged for immediate impl,:mentation. The analysis below aggregates findings on these aspects GUIDING OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES The lessons learned confirmed certain guiding operational strategies develcped at the Paris Ministerial Meeting whilst calling for some new ones: Participating Governments (PG) will assist spontaneous settlement rather than sponsoring and organizing population migration into the OFZs. PG would address spontaneous settlement and related development issues, objectives and activities in the context of national development priorities and integrate them adequately into the overall national development planning and budgeting processes. Aderluate co-ordinating processes will be instituted at required levels. PG will provide opportunities to the beneficiaries, local community organizations and local administrations to influence and share control over development initiattves, decisions and financial resources through appropriate capacity building, decentralizatiort and application of proven participatory mechanisms. Security of tenure will be linked to customary rights, state regulations and provision of incentives for increased investment on land and more efficient management and maintenance of natural resources. tn this respect, the establishmenVstrengthening of cornmunity-based fora will be encouraged as a means of mediating to ease or avoid conflicts ov()r access to and use of land. 1 2. J 4. 5 Extension services would seek to shift their messages over time; to un<lerstand the role of diversification in household income generating strategies and be able tc, provide advice on sustainable production systems that are financially viable. 67 8 l3 SED follow-up will help undertake pilot operations and projects in selected valley sites in the oncho-freed zones, emphasizing synergy and complementarity between ongoing and SED- related initiatives. SED follow-up would adopt a flexible approach applying distinct strategies for valleys where there has already been substantial settlement relative to sites which continue for the most part to be isolated and under-populated. Ensuring that bridging critical gaps constraining sound decision-making and investment regarding support for SED is given due priority as foundation building for sustainable settlement and development of the OFZs. Generating, documenting and distributing data and information to characterize the OFZs for environmental monitoring and for appropriate policy, planning and project-development is a typical example. Encouraging ex-ante site-specific socio- economic studies focusing on socio-economic infrastructure and services is another one. Facilitate inclusion of improved spontaneous settlement components in ongoing and future projects of bilateral and multilateral agencies. Promote co-operation and collaborative programmes within OCP countries and facilitate contacts between these countries and technical and financial institutions drawing on the OCP partnership spirit. 9 l0 \I A matrix summarizing national Plans of Action is annexed to the present Report as Annex 2. For each countrSr, priority problems, objectives and activities to be implemented in the near future are indicated. For easy reference concerning what actions FAO could be speedily involved in through its Regular and/or Field Programmes, country proposals have been classified into agricultural and other activities. Admittedly, this distinction is not always that clear. The consolidated Plan of Action for SED follow-up as a whole is presented in Annex 3. It is obvious that the range of needs and activities is wide. It appears obvious also that, overall, what is globally sought for is cross-sectoral, rural development-oriented support. However, on the basis of the number of times the need for certain activities was expressed (Annex 2), some of them were recognized as having a higher priority than others. Concerning agriculture activities, productions systems intensification, diversification and integration came out as a high priority problem in the whole of the area, together with irrigation and water control and supply activities; land management (with special emphasis on soil fertility maintenance) and integrated agro-sylvo-pastor operations. As for non-agricultural activities, socio-economic infrastructure, including roads, came out as first priority by far, followed by procurement of data and information for the characterization of the oncho-freed zones; land tenure insecurity and related issues; capacity building and participatory development, including training and empowering mechanisms; and overcoming oncho-psychosis. NATIONAL PLANS OF ACTION 2aJ 4 5 t4 The workshop revealed a strong belief that transnational programmes aimed to address cross- border-issues should be an important component of the SED follow-up Plan of Action. Cross-border activities to be considered for joint action by two or more countries are summarized below: Promotion of a certain amount of standardization in the collection, analysis and procurement of efficient data and information on relevant cross-border issues. Promoting effective cross-border prograrnmes for the management and devi:lopment of shared watersheds, river basin and adjacent zones. Strengthening ongoing efforts to ensure more orderly movement of flocks on transhumance as well as adequate access to water points and animal health services for imploved management and sustainable use ofgrazing lands and associated resources. Promotion of measures to facilitate access to and avoid conflicts over tlte use of common property/free access resources across borders. Promoting effective cross-border collaborations as may be required for joint construction of cross-border valley roads and strengthening of certain support systems. The participants made a series of recommendations at the end of the workshop (Annex 4). Most of these recommendations concern follow-up measures to the workshop. An appeal was made to various partners as indicated below. To the workshop participants Transmission, as widely and speedily as possible, by the participants immeditaely upon return from the workshop, of information on the results of the workshop to all stakeholders (governmental organizations, relevant NGOs, fi nancial partners, etc). To the Participating Countries 2 Establishment at country level of a National Co-ordination Committee for SED in order to ensure follow-up to and implementation of the results of the present workshop including co-ordination of stakeholder interventions at various relevant levels. The creation at cross-country levels as may be required, of consultative mechanisms and networks to ensure follow-up to and implementation of the results of the workshop as concerns cross-border programmes and activities. Continuation and strengthening by the concerned governments of efforts being deployed for the sustainable settlement and development of the onchocerciasis-freed zones, the assessment of the agro-demographic development potential being considered as a prerequisite. J 4 I RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FOLLOW-UP 56 l5 To the Participating Countries. Sponsoring Agencies. Donors to OCP and Potential SED Partners Provision of support to current and required national efforts to formulate and implement sound SED follow-up pilot projects and related pre-investment studies, parallel to present assistance given to the I I OCP countries to control onchocerciasis sustainably. To the Participating Countries. Lead Technical Agency (FAO) and other Implementing Partners Establishment, where and when desirable and possible, of complementarity and synergy links between ongoing prograrnmes and projects on the one hand, and actions planned under SED follow-up on the other hand, with special emphasis on avoiding duplication and ensure highest cost effectiveness. WORKSHOP OUTCOME: OTHER RESULTS In addition to the Action Plans and Recommendations, the following outcomes have resulted from the workshop. INCREASE AWARENESS OF SED ISSUES AND NEEDS . enhanced national and regional awareness of the various issues inherent in spontaneous settlement and the need to integrate such issues into relevant local, national and sub-regional plans and programmes; . the development, as a result of shared experiences among participants, of networks that would continue to be fruitful long into the future; a case in point is the team which includes the three country delegates to the Workshop, namely: the government-appointed national co-ordinator for SED, the NGDOs' representative and the director of national planning. RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The participants adopted a series of resolutions and recommendations for specific actions and support that are needed to ensure effective follow-up to and implementation of the Workshop results (Annex 4). The closing session was presided over by the Secretary General of the Ministry of Agriculture of Burkina Faso, representing the Minister who was unable to attend. During this session, participants discussed and approved the draft Report on the proceedings of the workshop and the draft Summary Record outlining the main findings and conclusions of this meeting. It was understood that useful amendments, modifications and additions reflecting the spirit of the discussion would be incorporated and that the final draft would be approved by the workshop Organization Committee, on behalf of the participants. l6 Closing remarks were made by the representatives of international NGOs, the Sponsoring Agencies (FAO, OCP for WHO and World Bank), Regional Institutions and Belgium. FAO and the Sponsoring Agencies were given credit for the successful organization and management of the workshop. Full and level of representation of all the countries were hailed as proof of high interest in joint effort for SED follow-up. Special thanks were extended by the Workshop Co-ordinator to the resources persons for their technical inputs and to OCP management and staff for most efficient administrative, logistic and secretarial support. On behalf of all the participants and particularly of the I I Participating Countries, a statement of thanks and gratitude was presented by the National Co-ordinator for SED from Togo, to the Government of Burkina Faso and the Workshop Organizing Committee (FAO/LTNDPIOCP/ World Bank). Closing the workshop, the Secretary General of the Ministry of Agriculture, representing the Minister, reiterated the deep appreciation of his government at the choice of Burkina Faso for the organization of the workshop. He congratulated the participants for their hard work and the results obtained. He stressed the commitment of the Government of Burkina Faso to a successful implementation of the conclusions and recommendations of the workshop in Burkina Faso and in the entire onchoceciasis-freed zone. t7 ANNEXE 1 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES Benin Dr Louis K. GNAHO Direction de l'Elevage, Ministdre du D6veloppement rural, 0l B.P. 2041, Cotonou T eL Q29) 3 3. 1 8. I s I 33 .02.8s - Fax: (229) 33 .t7 .68 133 .s 4.08 I 30.03 .26 Madame Y.C. SEIGNON-KANDISSOUNON Directrice de Cabinet, Ministdre du Plan, de la Restructuration economique et Promotion de l'Emploi, 04 B.P. 1039, Cotonou T eL Q29) 30.21.34 - F ax (229) 30. 1 6.60 Monsieur Nicolas BIAOU Secr6taire g6n6ral de I'ONG MOzuTZ, 8.P.25, Kouand6 TeL Q29) 82.12.96 - Fax (229) 82.r2.0s Burkina Faso M. Appolinaire Boureima COMPAORE Directeur g6ndral, ONAT, 0l B.P. 524, Ouagadougou 0l T6l.(226) 30.61.09/i0 - Fax: (226) 30.61.12 M. Adama Ram OUEDRAOGO Formateur, ONAT, 01 B.P. 524,Ouagadougou 01 T6l.(226) 30.61.09/10 - Fax: (226)30.6r.r2 M. Fdlix de Valois COMPAORE Ingdnieur d'6levage, UGO/PNGT, 0l B.P. 1487 Ouagadougou 0l T6l. (226) 32.60.24 - Fax: (226) 3r.74.10 M. Rober KOALA Projet VARENA/B, B.P. 17, Di6bougou T 6t. (226) 86.0 1 .3 5-86.03. 1 5 M. T. Augustin SINARE Coordonnateur national, Projet de Ddveloppement int6grd du Zoundw6ogo, B.P. 323,MangaPDUZ TeI. (226) 40.00.06 - Fax (226) 40.00.64 M. Lansana TRAORE Coordonnateur Projet GEPRENAF, B.P. 181, Banfora Tel. (226) 88.02.54 - Fax (226) 88.05.82 - E-mail: bgeprenaf@worldbank.org@internet l8 M. Nobere OUATTARA Coordonnateur, Projet de Ddveloppement local dans le Ganzourgou, B.P. 22,Zorgho T6l. 70.86.08 - Fax: 70.86.43 M. Tibyande GOUNGOUNGA Reprdsentant des Populations (V3 de Manga-Est), s/cPDI|Z ,8.P.323, Manga TdI.40.00.15156 - Fax: 40.00.64 Mme Albertine SETTO LENGHAM M6nagdre, s/c PDR/Boulgou, B.P. 57, Tenkodogo M. Djessouwende OUEDRAOGO Responsable Suivi/Evaluation du PDR/Boulgou, B.P. 57, Tenkodogo TeL Q26) 7 1.0 1 .s8 - F ax (226) 7 1.02.10 M. Georges ZOPOULA Animateur villageois, ADESSl-Sissili, B.P. 67, L6,o TeL Q26) 41.3r.s6 C6te d'Ivoire M. Salomon MEL KPASSI Coordinateur national pour le Peuplement et le D6veloppement durables des zones lib6r6es de l'onchocercose, Ministdre de l'Agriculture et des Ressources animales, Direction de la Programmation, B.P. V82, Abidjan Tel. (22s) 21 08 33 - Fax: (225) 2r.20.39 Ghana Mr Fred BUATSI Deputy Executive Director, NOS, P.O. Box M.76, Accra, Ghana Tel. (233) 21 66.37 .65 - Fax: (233) 21 66.88.71 Mr Emmanuel TAGOE Senior Economic Planning Officer, Ministry of Finance, Accra Tel (233) 21 666493t94 Mr Issufu AZUMAH Project Manager OXFAM "Overseas" Integrated Development Programme (Kubori), P.O. Box 432, Tamale Tel.iFax: (233) 22849 Giinea M. Nyankoye FASSOU SAGNO Directeur national du Plan, Ministdre du Plan et de Ia Coop6ration, B.P. 221, Conakry T 6il,.(224) 4 | .37 . | 5 I 4t .28.69 - Fax : (224) 41. 3 0. 5 9 l9 M. Tidiane BAH President, ONG, Association des Alphabetiseurs villageois (AAV), Conakry s/c Reprdsentation FAO/Conakry: Tdl. (224) 41 48 97 - Fax: (224) 41 41 25 Dr S6kou DOUMBOUYA Chef de la Cellule Politique au Bureau de Coordination de la Politique agricole, Ministdre de l'Agriculture, des Eaux et For€ts, Conakry s/c FAO/Conakry: T6l. (224) 41 48 97 - Fax (224) 41 41 25 Guinea-Bissau Dr Henrique MENDES Coordinateur national du Programme, Minist6rio do Desenvolvimento Rural, dos Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, C.P. 71, Bissau r a. Q4s) 22.28.94122.12.00 Dr Nina Horta RODRIGUES Chef de la Division de Protection sanitaire et de Ia Viligance 6pid6miologique, Reprdsentante de l'ONG ..AIFA-PALOP", C.P. 71, BiSSAU Tel/Fax: (245)25.37.56 ou s/c FAO B.P. 894, Tdl. (245)22.10.04122.10.18 - Fax(245)22.10.19 Dr Bacar DJASSI Technicien, Direction nationale de la Planification Agro-Pastorale (GAPLA), C.P. 71, Bissau T 61. (245) 22.28.9 4 122.r 6.67 Mali M. Amadou KONE Directeur de la Cellule de Planification et de Statistique, Ministdre du D6veloppement rural et de l'Eau Bamako, B.P. 61, Ouagadougou T el. (223) 22.24.43 I 22.82.40 - F ax (223) 23 .59 .20 M. Oumar AG TELFI Directeur national de la Planification, Ministdre de l'Economie, du Plan et de l'lntdgration, B.P. 2466, Bamako T€1. (223) 22.s3.39 - Fax (223) 22.71 .16 M. Souleymane KEITA Responsable de la Plate-forme des Organisations Paysannes, B.P. 49, Kati TeL Q23) 22.59.99127 .2r .85 - Fax: (223) 22.87 .37 /27 .2r .67 M. Issoufou MAAZOU Directeur de l'Am6nagment du Territoire et Coordonnateur national, B.P.622,Niamey T eL Q27) 72.3 | .2s 17 4.22.s0 Niger 20 M. Idi MAIKAOURA ONG ABC/Ecologie, B.P. 10220, Niamey T6l. (221) 72.28.82 M. Idrissa DIAOUGA Chef, Service des Etudes g6n6rales, Direction des Etudes et de la Programmation (DEP), Ministere de I'Agriculture et de l'Elevage, B.P. 12091, Niamey T6t. (227) 73.36.34 Senegal M. Amadou Moustapha KAMARA Directeur de I'Agriculture et Coordonnateur national, B.P. 486, Dakar TeL Qzr) 82r32s0 - Fax: (221) 8234709 M. Aboubakry DEMBA LOM Directeur de la Planification, B.P. 4010 , Dakar Tel. (221) 8238891 - Fax: (221) 8231437 M. Samba GUEYE Secretaire gdn6ral du Conseil national de Concertation et de Coop6ration (CNCR), 8.P.249, Dakar TeL Q2t) 827.60.88 - Fax (22t) 827 .41.01 Sierra Leone Mr Foday Solomon KANU Regional Planning officer, PEMSD, Mafe Youyi Building, P.M.B. 477, Freetown Tel./Fax: (232) 22 242206 Togo Dr Ay6l6 Mawuto GNINOFOU Directrice de la Planification et des Ressources humaines, Coord. Nat. PL OAO., Lomd Tel. (228) 22 02 48 (bureau) - 22 06 72 (FAO/Lom6) M. Labit6 Eyram AGBODJAN Chef de la Division du D6veloppement rural. Direction de la Planification et du D6veloppement, Ministdre de la Planification et du Ddveloppement 6conomique, B.P. 1667,Lomd Tel. (228) 2r.0r.4t M Lenne Noigue TAMBILA du Programme agricole de I'ONG Recherche, Appui, Formation aux Initiatives d'Auto- (RAFIA), B.P. 43, Dapaong T €1. (228) 7 0.84.56 - F ax (228) 7 0.82.37 2l SPONSORING AGENCIES - COMMITTEE OF SPONSORING AGENCIES World Bank $e ,^ra- \,\)\\e,( d(.M. Emmanuel NIKIEMA8.P.622, OuagadougouT6l. 30.62.38 kno'^' Dr Susan LELOUP noN 2'723 Ontario road, NW # 3 Tel./Fax: l2O2 667 1342 - E.Mail: sleloup@worldbank.bre 'l FAO ,t# )i**A o Ucq Dr J.P. ECKEBIL -', Deputy Regional Representative and FAO Representative in Ghana, P.O. Box 1628 Tdl. (233) 21 66.58.96 - Fax: (233) 21 24.40.77 M. Ibrahim Ari TOUBO Repr6sentant FAO, 0l8.P.2450, Ouagadougou 01 T eL Q26) 3 | .04.40 t 30.60. s 8 - F ax (226) 3 I .00. 84 nw qd,^< M. Mohamed GAIEB Reprdsentant FAO, B.P. 633, Conakry Tel. (224) 41.48.97141.40.95 - Fax (224) 4r.47 .2s Dr Doyle BAKER Chief, Farm Management and Production Economics Service, Agricultural Support Systems Division (AGSP), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy Tel. (396) 570-55095 - E-mail: doyle.baker@fao.org M. F6lix MOUKOKO NDOUMBE Fonctionnaire principal, Secr6taire technique OCP/APOC pour la FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, I-00100 Rome, Italie T6l. (396) s70 s3010 M. Bangoura SOURAKATA FAORAF, Water Resource Officer, P.O. Box 1628, Accra Tel. (233) 2t 66.68.51, M. Y.J. CAPO-CHICHI Conseiller technique, BKF/95/002, 01 B.P. 2450, Ouagadougou 01 T6l. (226) 32.47.54 d ,+ 22 wHo (ocP/APoc) M. Guy YODA Repr6sentation OMS, Ouagadougou Tdl. 30 65 09 - Fax: 33 25 4l Dr K. Yankum DADZIE Directeur du Programme de lutte contre l'onchocercose en Afrique de l'Ouest, B.P. 549, Ouagadougou T 61. (2226) 30.23 .l2l 13 - F ax: (226) 30.21 .47 - 3 4.26.48 Dr Laurent YAMEOGO Coordonnateur ddl6gu6 du Bureau du Directeur, Programme de lutte contre I'onchocercose, Ouagadougou M. Donald E. MILLER Chel Administration et Gestion, Programme de lutte contre l'onchocercose, Ouagadougou Dr Ole W. CHRISTENSEN Secretary for Committee of Sponsoring Agencies, OCP Liaison Office, WHO/HQ, Geneva Tel. (004122) 79r 3883 - Fax (004122) 79r 4190 Dr Uche AMAZIGO Expert en Sciences sociales, Programme africain de lutte contre l'onchocercose, Ouagadougou Dr William Soumbey Chef, Biostatistique et informatique, Programme de lutte contre l'onchocercose, Ouagadougou DONOR Belgium M. Marc DELEEUW Chef Secteur Agriculture, 0l B.P. 4388, Ouagadougou 0l T6l. (226) 30.40.60 - Fax (226) 30.40.70 REPRESENTATIVES FROM ACADEMIC, SCIENTIFIC AND REGIONAL/ DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS M. Aboubacar P. OUATTARA Repr6sentant Sight Savers Intemational Mali/Guin6e, B.P. E 1844, Djelibougou-Bamako T€1. (223) 24 91 22 -Fax: (223) 24 07 54 M. Hachimou ISSAKA Ing6nieur G6nie de l'Environnement, D6partement du D6veloppemnt rural et de l'Environnement, Commission UEMOA,0l B.P. 543,Ouagadougou 01 T6l. (226) 3 1 .88.73 iL76 - Fax (226) 31.88.72 I 123 M. Jacques DUBERNARD Del6gu6, Centre de Coopdration intemationale en Recherche agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), B.P. 596, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Tdl. (226) 30.10.10 - Fax (226) 30.76.17 M. Saydil M. TOURE Centre international de Recherche - D6veloppement sur I'Elevage enZone subhumide (CIRDES), 0l B.P. 454, Bobo-Dioulasso T6l. (226) 97.26.53 -Fax (226) 97.23.20 - E-Mail toure@ouaga.orstom.bf J.P. HERVOUET Gdographe de la Sant6, Institut Pierre RicheVOCCGE, 01 B.P. 1500, Bouake 01 TeL Q25) 08.63.13 - E-Mail: hervouet@bouake.orstom.ci RE,SOURCE PERSONS/T'ACILITATORS M. A. Boubacar BAH Economiste, Consultant FAO, 8.P.2498, Bamako T 61.(223) 22.27 .21 I 22.1 t .7 0 - F ax (223) 2 3 . 03 . 6 8 M. Guy GRONDIN Agronome, Consultant FAO, La cumbre del sol A1-95, 03726 Benitachell, Alicante T61.34-6 591 32 90 - Fax: 34-6 597 32 90 Ms. Della E. McMillan Department of Anthropology and Center for African Studies University of Florida Gainsville, Gla.326ll Tel.352 377 5250 Email : Africa@nervm.nerdc.ufl . edu OTHERS Mrs Nancy HART Consultant, World Bank/FAO Video production Consultant, P. Sant'Apollina 3, 0153 Rome Tdl. (396) 581 9157 - E.Mail: nancy.hart@flashnet.it a 24 a) cq c) g 3e -1 xi,ts tH,rfi a::aEa + ryt E [E $ iEsgEiE E rE H E [, I €=sBeE€ LF@:LP13 EE 9 e EE33i3&:,; aa =6 c;d r)q oqoq) LE.U E966 troO-c 'Eo.:6(q(6.Y.itrHoco ^^dE E 8..9 -duF5 >gE c >Yoo4>a '.=-z.jE FEU 5eE..:aEE E TE S; Fo31E; E E YoS tr.gq) tr q o-oEtr.= (!>c;3t53S B a9) 'EO dJ b'.8 eo:H dOXi:oo.:?eLareoo F=Lo .=.a = odJ.l E (Eb9oe Ie.rE 0)+E cr=o) .os E b R Ei g '7a>l(6inO!too @ gHLOCOUp(,: 6 ooo'octrd c!Yc ..lI -GGo pvO L4(JoE (nI6)-bE E '-.,cY* a&H ^()"d !-=Jo-o'I o d- -E\O- -oo g' oc:9)OF>LUO6=a * (.) 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(ii) Thanked the Minister of Agriculture of Burkina Faso for the special attention he awarded to the workshop and services extended to the participants during their stay in Ouagadougou. Requested the Minister of Agriculture to kindly transmit these acknowledgements to the High Authorities of Burkina Faso. I 28 (iii) Thanked the sponsors and organizers of the workshop for the efforts they put into this event, its management and its successful outcome. RECOMMENDATIONS The participants recommended: (i) Transmission, as widely and speedily as possible, by the participants, immediately upon retum from the workshop, of information on the results of the workshop to all stakeholders (governmental organizations, relevant NGOs, fi nancial partners, etc). (ii) The establishment, at country level, of aNational Co-ordination Committee for SED in order to ensure follow-up to, and implementation of, the results of the present workshop and co- ordinate stakeholder interventions al various relevant levels. (iii) The creation at regional and cross-country levels, as required, of consultative and operational mechanisms and networks to ensure follow-up to, and implementation of, the results of the workshop as concerns cross-border issues and prograrnmes. (i") Continuation and strengthening by the concerned govemments of efforts being deployed for the sustainable settlement and development of the onchocerciasis-freed zones, the assessment of the agro-demographic development potential being hopefully considered as a prerequisite. (v) That, parallel to support given to countries concerned to control onchocerciasis, donors and other partners uphold further, current national efforts and those of the Sponsoring Agencies, as well as streamlining and implementing national and transnational action plans to ensure sustainable control over onchocerciasis and other major endemic diseases. (vi) That the establishment of complementarity and synergy links between ongoing programmes and projects and actions subsequently undertaken under SED follow-up be envisaged, where and whenever needed and useful, to avoid duplication and ensure higher cost effectiveness. I .t {