Progress report of the World Health Organisation for 1979

JOINT COORDINATING COMMITTEE Onchocerciasis Control Programme in the Volta River Basin Area Ofice of the Independent Chairman c/o World Health Organization l2ll Geneva 27, Switzerland rcl. 34d061 rclcxllJ!f, 27821 JOINT COORDINATING COMMITTEE Sixth session Geneva, 3-5 December 1979 COMITE CONJOINT DE COORDINATION Programme de Lutte Contre l'Onchocercose dans la Rdgion du Bassin de la Volta Bureau du Prdsident Indipendant c/o Organisation Mondiale de la Sant6 121 I Gendve 27, Suisse r€l 346061 r€tcxXIillB 27821 JCC6.2 3l October 1979 J.C.C.-C.C.C. Provisional agenda item 4 The Independent Chairman submits for the consideration of the Joint Coordinating Committee, at its sixth session, the progress report of the World Hea1th Organization for 1979. This report has been revj-ewed by the Steering Committee. t ocP/w79.4 OIVCIIOC -T1C IASIS CO}TTRO:T Il"OGiIAJ,f, T!Ilt 'IJIE VOlth PIV:iR BASIII AREA IROGRESS 1i]]]-'ORT OI' TIT' i.iCRTD Iil]AIfII ORGA.I'IIZAT]O],I FOR 1979 COIIRIGI[IDU],{ P?ge.Z - para 1) : the text of the paragraph entitled vector control s;rould be replaced by the follovrlng : r?treatorent of the rivers Llarahoue and. Sassatdra resul-ted in a d.ramatie red.uction in m:mbers of fl-ies as co;"ipared to last year urith 9 flies a d.ay captured at Gite l,[errr-ls i-n Ju:ie compared to 115 a day in June 1978'' ; Page 5 - para 1J : the tovrn of Ka:rdi is situated in Benin (+tn fine) Pag,e L7 - para 74 z the mueber of fellowshj-ps awarded in 19?9 1" f., bringing to 12 the total- award.ed over the last ) years. ocYfwf n .+ Oct.ober 1979 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH ONCHOCERCIASIS CONTROL PROGRAM}E IN THE VOLTA RIVER BASIN AREA PROGRESS REPORT OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORG,ANIZATION FOR 1979 SUMI.{ARY VECTOR CONIROL Extension studies EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVALUATION ECONO{IC DEVELOPMENT APPLIED RESEARCH Entomo logica 1 Medlcal Data processing ENVIRONMEMAL PROTECTION TRAINING LIAISON ACTIVITIES With the participating countries With the st.atutory organisms . . With the donors WiEh the general public CGIMISSION ON LONG-TERM PROSPECTS I'{AMGEI,IENT AND COSTS Annex I: Ongoing training provided by OCP Annex II: Aquatic monitoring . . Page 2 3 7 8 10 to 10 11 11 L2 L2 13 13 t4 L4 15 15 L7 l9 22 CONTENTS ocefexfn.+ page 2 SUMMARY Activities ra 1979 were mainly directed towards continuing vector control operations, epidemiological evaluation and aquatic monitoring. However, a Large part of our time was devoted to the preparation for Ehe second phase 1980-1985 and the long-term prosPecEs. (i) The highlights of our routine activities: - vector control treatment of the rivers Marahou6 and Sassandra resulted in a dramatic reduction in numbers of flies as compared t.o last year, with nine flies caught ac Gtte Mermis in July compared to 315 in July 1978; the basic epidemiological evaluaEion in the Ivory Coast extension area has been completed and confirmed the hyperendemicity of the di-sease in the Marahou6 basin, with decreasing severity on the river Bandama; some $ 270 OOO has been allocated under research contracEs whlch cover activities to the development ofranging from the development of insecticide dispensing equipment histochemical Eechniques ; qconomic development: at the meeting of National Onchocerciasis Comnittees the participati-ng countries decided to take over the annual reporting; definite progress was recorded in processing epidemiological, entomological and aquatic monitoring data with outstanding material now ent.ered in the computer; keypunching has been subcontracted resulting in greater speed and accuracy for lower costs; a general review was made of the types of training the Progrartrne can provide, the duration and the most suitable periods for such training. (ii) As for the future, activities concerned mainly: (a) The second phase 1980-1985 - the finalization and signature by the parEicipating counEries of the Memorandum of Agreement the finalization and signature by various donors of the Fund Agreement; international bidding for the aerial contract for 1980-1982 which resulted in its award 6a9;to Viking Helicopters Ltd for an amount of $ 5 682 initial steps E.o develop national hydrobiolory units in Ehe Programne area to participate in the aquatic monitoring. (b) The long-Eerm future the establishment of the independent Connnission Eo consider the 1 ong-Eerm fuEure of the Programne; this eight-man team led by the Dean of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine will have met t\^/ice by the end of 1979; four meetings of working groups, involving some 2O additional scientists will have taken place in Ouagadougou. (iii) Expenditures for L979 are estimated to be $ 12 647 600 representing savings of $ L 247 60O on the budget of $ 13 895 2OO approved for 1979. t INFRASTRUCTURE, INSECIICIDE CONST]I,IPTION, FLIGI1T HOURS AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVALUATIONS : 1974-L978 ocYfw.fn.+ page 3 new subsecEors were * Oragadougou sector closed. ,(* Subsect,ors at Bole, Leo, Dabakala and Yendi closedl opened aE Bouak6 and Seguela. 'fECTOR CONTROL 1. With the inclusion of the Ivory Coast extension zone an area of 750 OOO kn2 is now covered by vector control operations. This increase in area is clearly reflected in the utilization of flight hours and, particularly, in the consumption of insecticide as compared to 1978. Requirements of Abate and Jet AI aviation fuel were estimated for L979 at 230 OOO and 835 OOO litres respecEively. FLIGHT HOURS Month Hel icopter Fixed-wing Abate 19 78 L979 L978 L979 19 78 t979 January February March April May June July Augus t September 339 .9 280. O 290.L 264.L 590.7 458.6 567 .7 597 .7 462.9 428.1 3L7 .7 286.O 305.9 579 .4 535.4 526 .5 581.7 483.3 8.2 31. O 27 .5 t2.6 57.O 120.9 L22.4 r.78. I L62.7 80.2 67 .8 44.9 53.4 89.6 90.6 r38.7 r92.7 t42 .5 4 0t4.3 2 059.5 I 822.7 2 482.3 L2 957 .4 L9 748.5 22 L96.t 35 547.3 37 854.6 LI 45L.7 5 78 5.8 6 003.4 6 6L7 .9 16 088.6 25 725.6 30 756.6 45 935.7 34 342.7 3 851.7 4 M4.o 720.4 900.4 r38 682.7 182 708. o L97 4 197 5 L97 6 L97 7 r97 8 Tota 1 No. sectors No. strbsectors Litres/insec ticide Helicopter hours Fixed-wing hours No. villages exami.ned (EPI) No. persons examined (EPI) 3 8 1 6 90. ooo 2 783 54t 76 L8 7L2 3 10 130. ooo 4 265 6L4 L26 30 846 155.615 5 358 L O25 116 25 943 * 2L5.878 5 356 I 204 90 20 944 6 2l 59r.493 t7 762 3 384 408 96 445 ocPfPufte.4 Page 4 2. As was the case last year treaEment reached its 1ow point in March; however, the lowest quantity of insecticide utilized was in February (5785.8 litres), the highest in August(45 935.7 litres). 3. Towards the end of 1978, following good results, treatment qras suspended on rivers in the western part - on the Upper Black Volta and Upper Bandama and over the entire Como6 and L6raba, Plandi, Dienkoa, Bombassou, Tiao, Farako and Lotio rivers. This suspension continued for the first three months of L979 with gradual reintroduction of the rivers to treatment as rain felI and the dry season ended. By Ehe end of April the Dienkoa, Tiao, Farako and Upper L6raba were the only rivers of this group still r^rithheld from treaEment. 4. Once again, the |tresErictorrl release system r^7as put into effective widespread use in the dry season. This system, whereby a jet of insecticide is emitted through an alternat.ive nozzle under Pressure, gives a bett,er distribution of small quantities of insecticide. It has proved useful for treaEing difficult breeding sites in the dry season. 5. It is clearly easier to achieve good larvicide dist.ribution at difficult breeding sites with a Iarger volume cf liquid available for release. Iherefore, in the East there was some experimenEation with Abatetl/ater mixtures. At the height of the dry season the ratio Abat.e: water almost reached I:3. Once the rains starEed and the volume of river discharge increased, there hras a reversion to pure Abate. 6. The fixed-wing aircraft from Bobo-Dioulasso continued to treat the Sassandra, Bafing and Bago6 rivers throughout. the dry season and on 6 March the extension area in Ivory Coast(Phase IV) was treated for the first time. 7. Heavy rains fell in August and September throughout the Prograrnne area. The resulting increased discharge in all rivers, together with the five treaEment cycles carried out in August, led to the highest consumption of insecticide in any month since the start of Ehe Progranrme. Flooding in a number of large rivers such as Ehe lower Sassandra, Upper Bago6 and Baoul6, lower White Volta and the Oti, caused breeding sites to be submerged and enabled treatmenL to be reduced. On the oEher hand, heawy rainfall in the areas of Lama-Kara and Natitingou caused small rivers to continue flowing for longer periods than is normally the case, necessiEating their inclusion in treaEment circuits. 8. The closure of the Ghana borders from 10 Lo 26 March and a ban on all flying in Ghana resulted in the inrnobilization of aircraft at our base at Tamale; since this occurred in the dry season, it was possible to use a helicopter from Ehe base at. Bobo-Dloulasso to treat areas in Togo and Benj.n for Ehat period. In the first week of June a similar situation was creaE.ed for a few days and it was decided, therefore, to base two Ereatment helicopters at Lama-Kara during the height of the wet season. 9. Two fixed-wing aircraft were used for treatments from the beginning of fhe year. The number of helicopters in use was increased to seven in March and to eight aE the beginning of May, as provided for in the aerial contract. This fleet is operated by a Project Manager, 10 pilots and five engineers. 10. In view of the greater area covered and the intensive studies in more southerly part.s of Ghana, Togo and Benin, a small reorganLzation of the evaluation network was undertaken in I'larch. The Bole subsector was transferred to KinEampo in the Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana and a subsect,or r^7as located in Parakou, Benin. 11. Of the totaL 639 catching points set up since Ehe beginning, 258 are monitored tlrice a month and 83 are moniLored four times a month L2. The first four monEhs of L979 were the most successful so far in the life of the Progranrne with damnosum densities falling lo zero over most of the area, even though insecticide treatments were interrupted for several weeks as outlined above Difficulties S experienced in treating the White Vo1ta, Keran and Oti rivers resulted in the appearance of a ocefeY/t s .+ page 5 few flies but in each case the problem was quickly resolved. Only on Ehe SoEa at Gbasse in the extreme east of the Progranme area, were results consisEent.ly unsatisfactory. 13. Reinvasion studies started on 1 April and took place mainly in the east,ern region (Ghana, Benin, Togo). fhe operational base for the sEudies Ehis year was transferred from Seguela (Ivory Coast) to Lama-Kara (Togo) with sub-bases at At,akpam6 (Togo), Natitingou(Benin) and Kandi (Ghana) . Six consultants, 40 additional vecEor collectors and 10 additionaL vehicles were assigned. Sixteen catching poinEs were set up, nine in Ghana, Togo and Benin, Ehe remainder in Ivory Coast. 14. Reinvasion began in mid-May, considerably later than in 1978. The effects of treating the Marahou6 and Sassandra rivers from late March were dramatic as shown in Ehe table of fly catches on page 6. 1t is anEicipated that this year the Annual Biting Rate (ABR) and Annual Transmission Potential (ATP) on the L6raba-Como6 river sysEem and the Upper Bandama river, which were well above the Eolerable levels suggested by the 1977 Scientific Advisory Panel (SAp) working group,l will fa1l below or at leasE come close to those levels. 15. It is particularly satisfactory thaE although a few flies regularly reach the L6raba river at Pont Routier, virEually none appear to spill over into the important Bourgouriba valley or CenEral Como6 (see IGfolo results). 16. In the Ivory Coast extension zone, resulEs have been much better than those obtained during the experimental treaEments of 1978. Though over much of the area biting rates are still above the very conservative levels seE by the SAP Working Group, resulEs from Gtte Mermis on the l'larahou6 system show clearly how greaE the improvement has been. Ll. The seven months to the end of July can be considered as highly saEisfactory throughout the whole of Phases I and II, where no catching point aPPears likely Eo register an ATP of more than 2OO. In phase III West the results have been better Ehan in previous years but are marred by several treatment failures which occurred in July at sites on the Baou16 and Bago6 rivers where difficulties were encountered in applying the insecticide. 1g. In phase III East results have been satisfactory in the Dapaon, Porga and Niamey sub- sectors and reasonably satisfactory in the Natitingou area. However, in the lama-Kara and Kandi subsectors results have been disappointing. Heavy rains, coupled with a severe reinvasion from, as yet, undetermined sources resulted in very high biting rates and a sub- stantial amount of transmission. 19. As reconrnended by the Scientific and Technical Advisory CommitEee at its sevent'h *""ai.rg12 a Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) working group will have met in Ouagadougou in November to further review the results of the studies of the reinvasion phenomenon. ZO. A consultant was employed for a period of four months from June to September to look at various aspects of insecticide testing. Susceptibility tests were carried out in the area of Akosombo where DDT resistance has been reported in the past. IE was found that this resistance had disaPPeared. rch entomologist in on able Eo mate in , the possibilitY of 21. An exEremely interesting observation wa charge of colonization work at Akosombo who f captivity. Although o.riy a sma1l number of selecting out a captive mating strain exists. s made by the Progranrne resea ound an S. soubrense popula ti spermatophores could be found 22. Successful rearing of adult S. damnosum is now taking place in the sector laboratories at Natitingou and Bobo-Dioulasso where the necessary facilities have been set up' 'rr" rto.edical Criteria for ResetElement in the Volta Basin Onchocerciasis ConErolprogramne Area @CPf sAPf 77 .L) . 2 Docrr*ent Jcc5.3. ocYfer/ts.+ page 6 CCD,IPARISON OF FLY CATCI{ES - 1975-1979 Flies per rnErn per day L6raba River Pont Routier May June July August Sep Eember L97 5 t97 6 L97 7 t978 t97 9 92 L4t 26 50 2 r15 L29 t34 39 6 151 105 60 33 4 tt4 86 6 2 4 69 54 1 1 1 Bandama River Bema t97 5 t97 6 r977 L978 L97 9 57 56 6 33 3 94 68 82 18 <1 L82 40 L2 7 <1 116 34 3 2 <1 35 t4 2 1 <1 Bou River - Gtte 3 L97 5 t97 6 L97 7 L978 t97 9 r53 2L9 48 108 6 270 170 256 33 lo 344 103 58 2L 5 Lt2 15 11 5 66 t7 32 7 Comod River - Kafolo t97 5 t97 6 r977 t978 t97 9 15 6 3 5 <l 4l 8 32 9 o 15 11 11 39 <1 34 7 2 10 <1 2 4 <1 2 <L Marahou6 River - Gife Mermis L97 6 t977 I 978 L97 9 34r 280 18 316 325 3ls 9 331 T2L 224 10 27L 25 88 5 343 61 44 1 ocYf flts.+ page 7 23. Thigty-seven companies responded to an advertisement concerning the aerial contract for 1980-1982 placed in leading aviation journals in February. From this number 13 companies were invited to submit a bid but before doing so were required to attend a briefing in the Prograrnme area in May to acquaint themselves with the conditions there. 24. The four bids received by the deadline of 1 June, and opened publicly at IIHO headquarters on 4 June, had been submitted by the Canadian Conrnerical Corporation/Viti.ng Helicopters, Evergreen Helicopters Inc., Heliswiss and Liftair. Ihese offers were evaluated by the WHO Contract Review Cormnittee which recormnended to the Director-General of WHO the selection of the CCC/VLking offer. Ihe Director-General approved this reconrnendation and the conEract was signed Ln Brazzaville on 26 JuIy L979 by Dr Comlan A. A. Quenum, WHO Regional Director for Africa, and Mr A. D. Costello of the Canadian Conunercial Corporation. 25. Following discussi-ons between representatives from CCCfVtking and OCP, various changes will be introduced under the new contract. These changes include the agreement to consider all aircraft as a single fleet,l giving desirable flexibility for operaEional purposes, improved radio and ventilation systems and improved insecticide application equipment. 26. There was a meeting between CCC/Vi-ting and OCP to discuss the implementation of the new conEract in Ottawa in early October. Extension studies2 27 . Ihe areas for which, it L977 the Joint Coordinating Conmittee agreed a two-year study period in countries already covered by OCP, are about 2OO OOO km2 broken down as follows: 25 ooO km2 tlo ooo kxn2 42 ooo km2 23 ooo kn2 for the studies was completed in early April this year with the opening of Ehe remaining subsector aE Parakou.3 28. Ihe location of vector breeding sites was established in Benin, GhanaandTogo over some 50OO km of river in the r^ret season and 1OOO km in the dry season. An entomological evalua- tion network of 70 catching points was set up. 29. Catches and dissection of S. damnosum females confirmed the hyperendemicity of the disease in the river basins Ol6m6 (Benin), Mono (Togo) and Asukawkaw (Ghana) . Annual Transmission Potentials and Annual Biting Rates were found to be 98OO and IOO OOO respectively, over a period of one year (August 1978 - July 1979) in the Asukawkaw basin, 5150 and 89 560 in the Mono river basin and 1230 and 16 390 during eight months of catches on the middle Ou6m6. 30. Epidemiological evaluation teams conducted surveys which confirmed the severity of the disease along Ehe river basins in Benin, its hyperendemicity in the Asukawkaw basin in Ghana and in the I'[ono and Anie basins in Togo. 1 In the 1977-1979 aerial contract the organizaEion guaranteed a set number of hours separately for helicopter and fixed-wing.aircraft. In the 1980-1982 contract, it has been agreed that the guaranteed hour figure be regarded as a total of helicopter and fixed-wing hours, regardless of wtrat proportion of these hours are flown by either helicopter or fixed- wing. ) - A full rePort on the extension studies is available as documerrt OCp/79.2 (JCc6.7). 3 Two other neld subsectors were established in 1978 at S6guela (Ivory Coast) and Atakpam6 (Togo). Benin: Ivory Coast: Ghana: Togo: The infrastructure octfYY/t s. a page 8 31. Each country is in the process of establishing hydrometric stations to complete the hydrological network required. E P IDE},IIOLOG ICA.L EVALUAT ION 32. Since October 1978 parasitological and ophthalmological teams have been carrying out evaluations in Ghana, Upper VolEa and l"lali (second or third visits), as well as in Ehe Ivory Coast extensicn area and in the extension study area of Benin (basic evaluation - first visits). 33. The teams visited 3O villages in the Ivory Coast extension area for the first time, of which six were subjected to detailed evaluation; in the extension study area of south Benin, 22 vilLages were visited of which four underwenE detailed evaluation. The total number of persons examined were 21 0O2 of which 3294 were subjected to detailed evaluation. 34. In addition 15 villages in north Ghana were revisited after three years, two in detailed examination. 35. The evaluation in Ivory Coast revealed the very clear epidemiological differences between the northern savanna zone and the rain forests to the south. An equivalent level of prevalence and density of parasitic infestation produces more severe clinical and ophthalmo- logical lesions in savanna areas than in forest areas (over 20% as against 4% for hyperendemic corrnunities). In south Benin it was possible to determine the absolute limit of the disease and to pinpoint several important hyperendemic foci. 36. The second visit to villages in north Gtrana confirmed the probable interruption of transmissi.on. Ihe participation of the population was relatively poor as comPared to second visits in other parts of the Progranrne area. This was probably due to the social and political situation at the time. 37. The table on page 9 sumnarizes the epidemiological evaluation activities of the Unit up to 30 September 1979. 38. In the field of applied research, the Unit carried out a chemotheraPy trial, in collaboration with the Groupe Ophtalmologique Mobile of Upper Votta, using 1ow doses of Suramin. The hyperendemic village of Bonga, in the Sub-prefecture of Ti6b616 (Upper Volta) on the Red Volta, was setected for the trial and 78 persons received the treatment. The preliminary results are encouraging (a marked reduction in Ehe cutaneous parasitic density after three months) but require confirmation through parasitological and ophthalmological examinations after one and two years. 39. In the same area, the Unit made a survey of the parasitic infections associated with onchocerciasis. Ihis sEudy showed a high prevalence of malaria, urogenital schistosomiasis, Bancroftian filariasis, and intestinal parasites (helminths and protozoa). 40. In collaboration wiEh the Bernhard Nocht Institute of Hamburg, skin microfilariae from all areas surveyed it L979 were examined to determine possible differences in the activity of the acid phosphaEase. 41. In this respect it appears that the microfilariae from rain forest areas of lvory Coast are appreciably different from those of the savanna of Upper Volta. This first observation would imply the existence of two seParate Parasite strains which would explain the epidemiological differences observed. octfYY/t s . + page 9 A() o d(s d lJ troooocl0J0Jooo.c00b060@b0!(!6(d(!(00 Jdr{Fll ;JHF{F{O ..{ ..{ .r{ ..{ .i E 0) JH\OJ(f]lJ\r$ ca ! ........tr ..o(,oOO o o o o b0...{b0@b0b0(!u(0(!(i(0(,J(! ocnooo)qooo6.{ o(!(d60.(! OrI1Jc{(n.f,Zv ol @(ulJJ F{l ...{ I "l o6 OJ I :E(n o) IJ A(J o Xp o 0) bdd tt) a(u o" |l o oz (! c)! a r!-t 0iu EH(!01r (Jo0(/)(,u)o >qr 0J c)tr tr 6000@4O(o(0(u >JiHO HiiJE .J .J .r{ ca o NornE lrH.r-) ..{ q) ob0 lJ ..1 ^vdd C O"r o o (! botr! O-C O C)$ bo(J H Ea(! -tH\O i .. .rt (! - >0) olrO F-(u 00(Uc d..OJ (!..{ .r.{ 0,1 o> t{tr(E() C-t tJ NOiX\t()c)oo-o ooc) odoE..ro!oo !oqfr! O OOr o +J(0 H$ 0) o) J o- 'r{ ct) I rd U) * o '.{!(! H(! 0) o G) H .r{ rU]J q,l o I E]A + o\r\ o\ F{ & rd €A rI1H Or E: v, H Or a rcH HH H H(J v H H hI F1 CJHa rdE Ar CJo h ot o ..{ IJ(! 'rl E(! x OJ J(0 dt(! q-{ o oz O\ O\F- orOJ(n @\n c.l rn F\ 6l J -t caHcc)\t o\ F\ .t o\o c.) \t rf @F\ o\ H \t6t(nnC)\tr^-tF\ \t .J- (O -t co F\ .s -to\ o N r.. F\ o\ F-{ O\O@F\rF.{f\ or\ F\ \O O\ -t -t r--{ ca \o o\ N aU)Nc!l'\\o ca -t o\ o.l \o F- o\ F{ \tFiN -tcO@ -fJi lnO\@ NNTA@ l'\ cOLO (,\ -t cr) cn \o$ @ o(a rn r'. o\ F{ :N OcoF{ -t F{ (r)J o\r\ J \t I N F{ t\ @ .{ o 0.} .,t E(! x o o .F{ rJ(s: o. oA o E(0 0)! t{ 0) r, o FA * 14a I \o\o CN ttn O\O ci(.) I J \o .+ co coo o\ C.) o\ i \o * tr]a I .f, ntn co\, o\ ct)JLA I \o @ N N HA Td () tq * tr]a \OF\Jol\@OOrtn\O0oco.-lFlLn Nrar\H@.O$ F{F\NOJ-r(.) F{r{:Ni o @ @ o co oF\ @ o1* rI]a \OF{-tInF\CO.+ o\oN\ot^\oiF\@crlJNO\r^ i -t N .4 c?) c') LA N @ F\ F.l 0) J o. E6 o ql '"{U .1 o oo E (J r+{ (,)O-l o. .o oq)Zo. O:\tF\F\-tH co\Or4F{OcO\Ot) r\ O O\ \r 6 -f caoca\o\o(no\ic-!Ht(nJ -tt'\\o c?) 6T r-{ an o @(! J J .r{ rlf o oz * rca (f);cn\oNo\cn :e{\O-t6O\-f t'\a') -) 14A -t\OF\rrlN@OC\THHJ rn @ J(! lJ oH F\ r\ O O\ or\ r\ c,lr{Nol\tnln:tn J C! N$ >'! TJ o rJ(!OU(Ed oo !>trr{CdOOlr..l..{0iC@600dHo.(! .AO>O(gO.E (! u o ts I ocefen/ts.+ page 1O ECONOI'IIC DEVELOPMENT 42. The Economic Development Unit continued to folIow development activities th:roughout the arear and visits were made to the capitals of the participating countries for this purpose. The information collected was presented to the Bamako meeting of National Onchocerciasis Corn'nittees where it was decided that henceforth the countries themselves would report annually to the JCC on develogment activities within their States. 43. Following information missions to Benin, Ivory Coast, Mali and Togo, a docr:ment on primary health problems was prepared. Assistance was given in the setting up of a Primary Health Care project in the hyperendemic zooe of Yabakala, and in the evaluation of health activities in the settlement zones of the Volta River Valley Authority. 44. The role of traditional rnedicine was reviewed in the Sikasso region of Mali. 45. Members of the Unit also rnaintained contact with those concerned with socioeconomic development in the region through their participation in meetings such as the lrConf6rence sur 1a d6mographie humainerr held in Abidjan in January, the United Nations Symposium onrt],es Options technologiques et Ie processus de d6veloppementlr held in Lom6 from 21 to 25 I,Iay, the Annual Conference of OCCGET held in Bobo-Dioulasso from 3 to 9 June, the second t'Conf6rence des Sources de Financement en Haute Voltatr and the third 'rR6union ministerielle du Club deSahelt'. In addition, coordination and information meetings took place with the national health services and organisms concerned with health aspects such as CILSS ,2 th" r'Institut du Sahelrr and LJNICEF. Contact was maintained with the Landsat Study related to the development of areas cleared of onchocerciasis in Benin, Ghana and Upper Volta. 46. Inforrnation on Prograrnne activities and socioeconomic development within the area was provided to numerous specialists and students from overseas. APPLIXD RESEARCH Entomological 47. In the field of entomological research, the contract with the Biosystematics Research Institute for studies on the morphological characteristics of the S. danmostrm complex was renewed in February for an amount of $ 20 oOO. Under the earlier contract a key was developed for the identification of the different species of the S. damnostrn complex: this year attempts are being made Eo determine other morphological characteristics in addition to those already squamosum.used, in particular to differentiate females of S. damnosr.rn , S. sirbanum and S. 48. In March a nehl contract was signed with Bennett Analytical X-Ray Limited under wtrich$ 1OOO was provided for X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy ()GS) of S. damnosum specimens collected in the reinvasion zones. This method, which already proved useful in 1976, uses trace elements to identify the breeding sources of the specimens. 49. The contract wirh OCCGE/ORSTOM for sampling of adult in April for a sum of $ 36 4OO. Testing of methods devel S. damnosum populations rsas renewed oped for sampling, r,fiich began in 1978, will continue; results will be checked against those obtained from tests conducted in savanna areas of l"lali outside the Progranune area on other species of the complex. A study of the resting places of S. damnosum species will also be made. 1 - Organisation de Coordination et de Coop6ration pour la lutte contre les Grandes EndEmie s. , - Comit6 Inter-Etats pour la lutte contre Ia 56cheresse dans le Sahel. ocefYY/ts.+ page 11 50. Under a contract concluded in July for $ 4500, the University of the State of New York will develop and test an automated radio-controlled dispenser that will release a standard amount of insecticide when signalled. The device will be designed to fit on the bottom of 50 gallon, or sma11er, drums wlnich could be placed above Simulium breeding sites. 51. Also in July the contract with OCCGE for the testing and evaluation of insecticides agains t adult S. damnosum was renewed. Ihe sum ot $ 24 675 provided is to cover comparison of the toxicity of 15 insecticidesl studies on variations in the response of female S. damnosum in savanna areas to insecticides, according to their physiological stage; and the improvement of testing methods developed by the Onchocerciasis Research Institute in Bouak6. 52. Six-hundred dollars has been provided to a research worker at the University of the State of New York for the testing of Lhree samples of Abate which have been stored in the Progranrne area for over a year. Tests will be carried out to determine lethal dosages, the reacti.ons of the larvae, and the speed and degree of their detachment. 53. The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine is examining flies collected in Ivory Coast, in the Seguela and Odienne subsectors, and in Togo, by electrophoretic methods. The specimens are then assigned to the categories -gry, yahense or others. The flies will also be usedfor morphological and morphometric studies. The results should indicate the significance of S. squamosum in the reinvasion of the extension part of the Programne area. The initial agreement signed in May between the School and OCP, involving a payment of $ 2100, was extended in July to cover t,he work in Togo and an additional payment of $ 1740 was made. Medical 54. An agreement involving an amount of $ 5OO was concluded in January with the laboratory at the F6lix Houphoub't-Boigny Tropical Diseases Training Centre in Marseilles. This agreement covers the analysis of blood levels of suramin and forms part of the chemotherapy trial carried out at Bonga, Ti6b616 in Upper Volta. 55. Under an agreement signed in February, the Department of Animal Biology at the Faculty of Science, Dakar received a sum of $ 2OOO for the study of the ultrastructure of cutaneous microfilariae collected during the Ti6b616 tria1. 56. In llay a payment of $ 32OO was made to the Bernhard Nocht Institute, Hamburg, for the development of histochemical techniques to identify O. volvulus. 57. In 1977 and 1978 a research team from the Bernhard Nocht Institute carried out a study of nodulectomy under contract to OCP. Discussions took place with the Institute regarding the renewal of the contract, and the team i-s expected Eo reEurn for a new survey in early 1980. 58. An agreement qras signed with ORSTOM in May under which $ 10 OOO has been provided to the Centre in Ouagadougou for the study of the relationship between the severity of onchocerciasis and populati.on movements. Data processing 59. Entomological and epidemiological data awaiting processing has now been entered in the computer at mlo. New entomological forms were designed. The work of keypunching was sub- contracted to a specialized company in France and is now accomplished at greater speed for lower costs. 60. A11 aquatic monitoring data is now handled under a subcontract with the Department of Biology at the University of Salford. 61. A statistician from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine visited WHO headquarters periodically to assist in data analysi-s. ocvf edts.+ page 12 62. Steps are being taken to recruit a statistician to cornplete the OCP data processing team, which now consists of Programme analyst and statistical clerk. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 63. fhe ORSTOMHydrobiology team at Bouak6, which has been carrying out aquatic surveillance work under contract to OCP, was due to terminate its activities on 30 June this year. Discussions took place between ORSTOM officials and OCP staff to consider the surveillance netr^rork required in the western area of the Prograrmre and the number and level of staff needed for the work. Following these talks ORSTOM agreed to maintain a team at Bouak6 for a further two years. During this period the ORSTOM team will give priority to training research workers from West African institutes. In addition a survey wiIl be made of the existing surveillance workl over the Progranrne area and sites will be selected for the future. The present contract between ORSTOM and OCP was extended to cover the vrhole of L979 for an amount of $ 55 7OO. 64. In the meantime OCP contacted officials responsible for hydrobiology in national services, universities, and insEituEes in Abidjan, Cotonou, Dakar and Lom6, to discuss possible cooperation with Ehe Progranrne in monitoring work. It was found that there exist hydrobiology research units which could supply candidaEes for training. OCP is compiling a list of candidates for training; the first candidate, from Ivory Coast, began his training at the end of June. A hydrobiologist from Benin has already received six months' Eraining at the ORSTOM Hydrobiology Unit, Bouak6. 65. The agreement with the Institute of Aquatic Biology, Achimota, Ghana, for aquatic monitoring at sites on the Black Volta, White Volta and Ot.i, Pru, Asukawkaw and Dayi rivers, rdas renewed in September. An initial Payment of $ 50 5OO is involved. 65. In January an agreement was concluded with the University of Salford, United Kingdom, for an amount of $ 13 OOO to be used for the analysis of aquatic monitoring daEa assembled by the Programme over the last four years. This agreement was extended in August to cover work on data related to fish and invertebrates, involving an additional payment of $ 93OO. A meeting of hydrobiologists engaged in the monit.oring work, staff from OCP and the Univer,sity took place at Salford from 24 to 26 September to consider the report prepared by the University. DaEa analysed so far indicate a very satisfactory situation in rivers wh been subjected to treatment for four years and where there are no signs of deteriorati year to year. 67. A meeting of represencatives from Ehe institutes at present carrying out the aquatic monitoring under contract to OCP, and representativeq from the countries visited, took place in Ouagadougou on 9 and 10 October. The purpose of the meeting was to consider the Present structures and experEise available in West Africa, and their possible development to meet Progranrne requirements. i"ft onl I I have from 68. As far as the extension study areas are concerned, the Institute of Aquatic Bio collaboration with OCP, is collecting data on the Asukawkaw river system in Ghana. a team from the University of Benin has been carrying out monitoring studies on the r in southern Togo since earlY 1978. logy, in rnlTogo iver Sio TRAINING2 69. fhe types of training which the Programme can offer candidates put forward by governments' the qualifications required for acceptance, the duration of such training and its timing l^7ere def ined : ' ,n. sites throughout the Programme area at which aquatic monitoring sampling is carried out by the ORSTOM Hydrobiology team, Bouak6, the Institute of Aquatic Biology, Achimotay and the Ouagadougou Monitoring Group are shown on the map in Annex II. The accompanying table shows the dates on which Abate treatment and aquatic monitoring began. 2 Details of ongoing training provided by OCP are given in Annex I. ocYfYr/ts.+ page 13 (a) specialist studies for candidates holding a university degree; such studies are normally of three years' duration; (b) more det.ailed studies in particular aspects for candidates already specialized; this training lasts from three to 12 months and is arranged by the Progranune in appropriate centres; (c) training in onchocerciasis for nurses and laboratory technicians, also last.ing from three to 12 months, and arranged by the Progranrne; (d) training in the methodology of the Programme for candidates already familiar with onchocerciasis and having precise objectives. 70. As far as (d) is concerned it was estimated that the Vector Control Unit could organize 40 mary'weeks pract.ical training a year for English-speaking students and l2O man/weeks for French-speaking students. Courses would iast from four to six weeks and take place between August and May. The Epidemiological Evaluation Unit could handle 1-10 people annually between the months of November and May for periods of training lasting about three months. 7L. In-service training activities for OCP personnel included a refresher course on the identification of S . damnosum species for subsector chiefs from Mali. This course took place at S6guela subsect.or from 26 February t.o 18 March. 72. An entomologist aPPointed to take charge of training within the Vector Control Unit took up his duties in April. 73. An epidemiologist from the Regional Office and a doctor from Guinea spent 1O and six months respectively with the Epidemiotogical Evaluation Unit to become familiar with evaluation techniques. Ihe EPI evaluation team leaders underwent training in the ophthalmology of onchocerciasis (IOTA, Bamako) and general parasitology (National School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bamako, Mali) . 74. The number of fellowships awarded in 1979 ships awarded over the last three years. is eight bringing to 14 the number of fellow- LIAISON ACTIVITIES With the partici pating countries 75. The third meeting of National Onchocerciasis Comnittees took place from 24 to 26 Aprilin Bamako, Mali, presided by H.E. the Minister of Public Health and Social Affairs. A11 seven particiPating countries attended; an observer from Senegal was also present. The mainitems for considerati-on were the agreements governing the second six-year phase of rhe Progranrne, financing of the second phase and contributions of participating Governmencs. 76. Ihe Memorandum of Agreement governing the structures for 1980-1985 was approved. Inthe field of economic development, it was decided that the participating counEries wouldhenceforth assume responsibility for producing the annual report. to the JCC on developmenE activities within their States. 77. At the invitation of the Government of Upper Volta the next NOC meeting willin Ouagadougou in 198O. take place 78. Following approval of the Memorandum of Agreement at a second meeting of potential donors organized by the World Bank in May, the document hras senE Eo the seven participating countries for signature, Eogether with a letter setting out each country's financial contribution to the next phase. So far both AgreemenE and letcer have been signed by the Governments of Benin, Ivory Coast, Ma1i, Niger, Togo and Upper VoIta; signature by Ghana is expec ted. owf w/t s. + page L4 79. As far as financing of the first phase is concerned, contributions for 1979 have been paid by Ghana and UPPer Volta. gO. In l,lay the Government of Benin organized a National Information week on Onchocerciasis for drich our assistance rras requested. Films, radio broadcasting maEerial, maps, photographs, brochures and posEers were provided and three staff members ParticiPated in a round-t.abIe radio broadcast. 81. In October the Programne conEributed Eo a workshop on the social and occupational promotion of the blind and near-blind organized by the Ministry of Social Affairs of Upper Volta. 82. A new OCP poster was designed consisting of eight black-and-white photographs on a blue background. Eight hundred copies qrere sent to each National Onchocerciasis Corunittee in Septenber for dist.ribution to schools for the new school year. With the sta tutory organisms 83. Ihe Steering Corrmittee for Onchocerciasis Control in the Volta River Basin area held its Ewenty-sixth and twenth-seventh sessions in June and September respectively. Its attention during these two sessions was given mainly to preparation of the second phase of the Prograrnme. 84. fhe eighth and final meeting of the Scientific and Technical Adviso Committee wa in Geneva from 4 to 7 September. Following Ehe general review of the ongoing technical research acEivities, the Cormittee form-rlated a number of recornnendations re8ardinq the, orientation of the work. ftre report of this Eeeting is available as document OCP/ STAC/ (Jcc6.3). 85. A meeting of the Ecological Panel took place on 27 and 28 SePtember in Salford, United Kingdom. ParEicipants included one Conurission member and an observer from Ehe United StaEes National Fisheries Center. The report of this meeting is available as document JCC6.4. 86. A Scientific Adviggry Panel working group on reinvasion will meet in Ouagadougou from 13 to 15 November. Six scientists from Canada, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Unlted Kingdom and United StaEes of America have been invited to attend. s held and future 79.L 87. by an Since the Economic Developmen t Advisory Panel will be replaced during the second t Adviso Comlittee , covering scientific and ecological issues as well as ecbnomic development, it was decided, in consultation with members of the Steering Comnittee and the current Chairman of Che Panel not Eo hold a meeEing of EDAP in 1979. Under EAC specific development issues will be handled by ad hoc panels, with appropriate expertise. With the donors 88. From 7 to 18 May the Programme received the visit of a four-man evaluation mission from Japan. Following two days of discussions in Ouagadougou with Progranrne staff as well as government officials, bilateral aid and Agency representatives, the team Eravelled through Upper Volta, Ghana and Togo to observe Progranrne activities in the field. On its return to Ouagadougou Ehe mission informed H.E. the Prime Irlinister of Upper Volta that it would recotttmend continuation of Japanese aid to the Progranrre. 89. In April a field briefing on the vector control operations and entomological evaluation was organized for the United States Ambassador to Upper Volta and two of his staff. After visiting the Bobo-Dioulasso air base Ehe group was taken Eo Nasso to observe helicopter spraying of insecticide. From Nasso the group flew along the Black Volta to the onchocerciasis hyperendemic village of Lanviera, and returned to Bobo-Dioulasso via Banfora, overflying S. damnosum si.tes. p1,""" aocefYr/t s . + page 15 WiEh the general public 90. The Sector Chief of Natitingou received 25 students from the Institute of Public Health in Cotonou accompanied by the Coordinator of Studies. ltre disease, the vector and the control operaEions, with particular reference to the work of the sector, were described to the students who then participated in larval searches. 91. Information visits were also organized for groups of students from training institutions both from overseas and from the region. 92. fhe Progrartrne contributed to the preparation and illustration of articles wtrich aPPeared in internaEional magazines and newspapers, such as the BritishrrAfrica Healthtt. Assistance was given to USAID in preparing audiovisual material to illustrate its activities in Upper Volta, as well as to "Voisins mondlauxrr, based in Togo, in preparing material to help its personnel in their work in rural areas 93. Programme staff gave interviews Eo Jacques Maunick, Radio France InEernationale, Dr Joseph Hanlon, an independent reporter specialized in development questions, Stan Sherer of APA, Mathias Schmidt of RFA and Denis Herbstein and David Reed, journalist and phoLographer from the ttSunday Timesrl. Material given to Ahmad Rajab, reporter for the BBC Overseas Service, was also included in Swahili and Somali transmissions. 94. Assistance was given in the making of a film on the role of health in development, centred on the Borotou-Koro sugar complex in Ivory Coast. This film will be added to the Progranrme's series which now includes a French version of the BBC film rrCountry of the Blindrr. 95. Some 25O questions were received from different parts of the world as a result of a survey undertaken for the preparation of a rlQuestion and Answerrr brochure related to the Progranme' s activities. COMMISSION ON I.ONG-TERM PROSPECTS 95. In January steps were taken to implement Ehe Director-General's decision, announced at Ehe fifth session of the Joint Coordinating CormniEtee, to set up a working group of scientists to consider the long-term future of the Progranrne. Meetings on 9 and 26 January between the Progranrne Director and Dr C. E. Gordon Smith, Dean of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, urere followed by an invitation from Dr Mahler to the Dean to assume the chairmanship of a Cornnrission of eight with the following terms of reference: (1) To review alt.ernative technologies appropriate to the area of operations and determine which may be implemented in the Progranune and at wtrat time. (2) To consider the role of chemotherapy wtrether as complementary to vector conErol or for nnintenance. (3) To evaluate the possible influence of extending vector control beyond the present OCP area on the Progranrme as it now operat.es and on the reinvasion phenomenon. (4) To deEermine to whaE extent the Progrartrne could incorporate the control of other vector-borne diseases into its operations. (5) To recortrnend what research should be undertaken during the second financing phase in relation to (1) and (4) which could result in a more cost-effecEive approach. (6) To identify the type of structures, national and international, that will be required in future to carry on the Progranrne's activities in the manner and at the level to be reconrnended; to define the type and magnitude of training input that will be called for in this respect.. ocvfvt/ts. + page 16 97. fhe Chairman would assune responsibility for coordinating the activities of the Cormission, and its subgroups, and for submitting the final report on the Corrmission's findings to the Organization in June 1981. 98. This report will subsequently be presented to Ehe Joint Coordinating Comitteel aE its eighth session in Decenber of that year; in the meantime a preliminary report will be submitted to WHO in June 1980. 99. The following members were designat.ed and met for the 14 to 18 May 1979: first time at Ouagadougou from Dr A. Diallo (Ma ri) Dr P. Hamilton (United Kingdom) Dr H. Jamnback (United States of America) Dr P. Kessler(Federal Republic of Germany) Mr D. Lindores (Canada) M6decin G6n6ra1 Rives (France) Mr J. de Wilde (Netherlands) Dr M. G. Wolman(United States of America) Di-rector General of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Bamako Director, Caribbean Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 164, Port of Spain Director, Science Services, University of the St.at+ New York, New York State Museum and Science Servici Albany, New York of s, Consultant in Tropical Public Health, Kornwegerstrasse 3, 8OOO ltunich 55 Director, United Nations Progranmes Division, Canadian International DevelopmenE Agency, Ottawa Mission de Coop6ration, Ambassade de France, Gabon Libreville Formerly Chief Economist, World Bank, 511, Wilkes Street, Alexandria, Vir ginia 223L4, United States of America Chairman, Departnent of Geography and Environmental Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 1OO. This meeting enabled members to get to know each other, to meet the Programne staff and learn about OCP activities as well as Eo plan their work. The activities of OCP were described by the staff in 14 written and verbal present.ations. Subsequently, members met individually with OCP staff for in-depth discussions on their particular field of interest. Private sessions also took place to enable the Conunission to agree its future timetable. 101. Four members of the Cormrission were designated to lead working groups to consider specific technical asPects in depth: (1) vector conErol (Chairman: Dr M. G. Wolman); (2) extension (Chairman: Mr D. Lindores); (3) infrastructures for vector-borne diseases (Chairnan: Dr P. Kessler); (4) monitoring and evaluation (Chairman: Dr P. Hamilton). LOz. The Cormnission decided that the first meeting of each group should take place in Ouagadougou. A panel of specialists, from wtrom group members could be drawn or information requested, was compiled by the Chairman. 1 Joint Prograuune Corurittee from 1980. I o*f er/ts.+ page 17 103. The working group on vector control, composed of two Commission members, and five additional scientists from Canada, Kenya, United Kingdom, United States of America and Venezuela, met in Bobo-Dioulasso and Ouagadougou from 2O to 24 August. A field EriP was organized by the Vector Control Unit from Bobo-Dioulasso. Four helicoPters and two aircraft were involved to enable each participant Eo take part in a treatment flight of at leasE one-and-a-half hours duration. Twelve rivers, represenEing a selection of the types which have to be treated in the Programme area, either by fixed-wing aircraft or helicopter, r'rere treaEed in the presence of parEiciPants. IO4. The second meeting of the group is tentatively planned for February-March 1980 in London or the United States of America. 105. From 27 to 3l AugusE the working group on extension met at Progranrne Headquarters, guagadougou. The IO participants included two Conrnission members and specialists from Ivory Coast, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Netherlands and Slueden. The WHO Epidemiologist/team Leader of the Senegal River Basin Study Project, was invited by the Conrnission to atEend the meeEing and describe the project. fhe Chief of the Vector ConErol Unit presented OCP activities and briefly discussed the reinvasion phenomenon. A paper on the work being done by OCP in the extension study areas of Ghana, Benin and Togo was provided. 106. During the week the group paid a half day visit to the AW develoPment area of Linoghin, approximately 45 km from Ouagadougou. Treatment by fixed-wing aircraft and helicopter was demonstrated on the White Volta, at Wayen village some 50 km east of Ouagadougou. The group plans to hold its next meeting from 30 March to 4 April 1980 in Paris. 107. The two remaining working groups on infrastrucEure and monitoring met in Ouagadougou from 22 to 26 October atd 29 October to 2 November L979 resPecEively. 1O8. The Chairman of the monitoring group met hrith staff of the OCP Epidemiological Evaluation Unit in Geneva in JuIy to discuss the analysis of data collected so far. AE the request of the Chairman three documents were prepared by OCP staff related to data collected. It was agreed Ehat aE the time of their meeEing in Ouagadougou some members of the moniEoring group will participate in a follow-up (second passage) visit with the Epidemiological Evaluation Unit.. 109. The second meeting of the Commission itself will have taken place at WHO headquarters, Geneva, from 27 November to 1 December 1979. 110. In the meantime the Chairman has been visiEing the part.icipating countries for discussions with the National Onchocerciasis Conrnittees. MANAGEI'{ENT A}ID COSTS 111. The final closure of accounts for 1978 indicates disbursements and obligations to be $ 11 585 874, representing little change from the amount reported to the JCC in December 1978. Expendirures for L979 are estimaEed to be $ L2 547 600, representing savings of $ I 247 600 ort Ehe L979 budget of $ 13 895 2OO. Total expenditures for the period L974-L979 are now estimated at $ 53 572 62L. LLz. The 198O budget rdas prepared following a revision of anticipated L979 expendltures award of the third aerial contract covering the period 1980-1982; estimated requirements the period 1980-1985 have been revised and now stand at $ 106 749 2OO. and for 113. As to the exEension studies, of Ehe total amount of $ 957 842 available for 1979, anticipated expendltures amount to $ 545 457 leaving a balance of $ 412 358. A breakdown of this balance is as follows: $ 99 OOO for Benin, $ 154 5O0 for Ghana, $ 62 5OO for Togo and $ 96 385 for Mali. ocefer/t s. + page 18 114. The posts of Personnel Officer and Budget and Finance Officer became vacant during Ehe year. A new Personnel Officer hri1l take up his duties in November. A candidate has been preselected for the post of Budget and Finance Officer. 115. Two administrative seminars were held, the first at Bouak6 from lg Eo 24 February for sector and subsector personnel in the west.ern zone, the second at Ouagadougou from 26 to 30 I'larch for personnel from the eastern zone. The seminars provided the opportunity for a thorough review of aIl administrative matters between field staff and those responsible for Administrative services, Finance, Personnel, Supply and Transport at programne Headquarters. Country/Nane Benin !'lart.in CodJo AXOGBETOl Gemin OUSSA1 GllbErt MENSAH LE DU Ghana Joseph Soma AMKIEI Leonard Abraham Kvane ANTTJII Samel Zanya BUGRII IBraeI Narth NARTEYI Mlchael OCRANI Wi.l1iam D OSEIl Janes SAUMAN1 Hlchael Dav1d WILSON1 Vlctor OKOHI Gulnea Hardou Sarif ou BALDE Professeur de BioLogie-96ologie e Porto-Novo (Lyc6e Behanzln) Chef des Services de M6decine et de Pediatrle, H6pital Pa rakou Hyd rob io logi s te Charg6 de Recherche MinistEre de 1a Sanr6 publique Cotonou Source of funds 0cP ocP AIRO AFRO Medlcal 0fficer AFRO-HPD-OO4 ON@ING TMININC PROVIDED BY OCP current occupatlon/Title ocPf PP/ie .4 page 19 ANNEX I PieLd of training and duration 12 nonths' training in entomology ar oRSTOy/paris(12 October 1978 - 30 September 1980) 12 months' specialization in ophthalmology at Dakar Universiry (2 November I978 - October 1991) 1 nonth's training in hydrobiology at ORSTDM/Bouak6(August 1978 - January 1979) 4 nonths' training in hydrobiology, field work in Grana initially, Universiry of Ghana and Waterloo, Canada (Seprember 1979 - August 19g2) 3 months' training in pesticldes residue analysrs at University of Miani, Fl-orida and CDC, Atlanta, ceorgia (September 1978 - March 1979) 3 monEhs ' f or M. Sc , degree in Colmnlty HeaL th in Developing Countries at London School of Hygiene and TropicaL Medicrne (October 1979 _ June 198O) 4 months' Eraining in ophthalmology at Royal College of Surgeons, London (Seprenber 1979 _ 0ctober I980) 3 nonths' training in parasitology at the London School of Hyglene and Tropical Medicine(l october 1979 - Seprember 1980) 4 months' rraining in epldemiology at University of Michigan (starting August 1980) 4 months' training in hydrobiology at Salford University (United Kingdom) (Seprenber 1979 _ August 1982) 8 months' training in parasitology at London School of Hygiene and Troplcal Medi.cine(Septenber 1978 - August 1979) 1 year's training in epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine(comencing possibly November 1979) 2 weeks' rraining in entonology at IRO/Bouak6(16 September I978 - 15 January 1979) 0cP 2 weeks' Lraining in onchocerciasrs at IOTA/Bamko; 1 month in parasitology at Ecole de M6decine, Bamko; 5-I/2 monttrs' training in parasitology and epideniology in OCp/EpI (23 Ocrober t97g -July 1979) OCP OCP OCP ocP ocP ocP ocP ocP ocP Research 0fficer at Council for Scienti.fic and Industrial Re s earch Accra Research Officer at Council for Scientific and Industrial Re sea r ch Accra Medical Offrcer in charge of Comnicable Disease Control and PubIic Health Hospiral Tamle Medical Officer Hospital Tama 1 e Entomo logis t 0cP Ouagadoutou Senior Medical Officer Ministry of Health Kintampo Assistant Research Officer Institute of Aquaric Biology Ach ino E a En tomo 1og is r Mlnistry of Health Accra Medical Officer i/c Comnicable Diseases and Maternal and Child Healrh Ministry of Health Accra Chef d'Equipe Entomologie Project PiloEe 0ncho Conakry 1 - Fellosship. Fran ce ocPfPR/ie.4 Page 20 Annex I Uountry/Nane Sekou Yalani CAI4ARA Amadou DIALLO Lah DORE Siba GBAMOU Kabine KABA Yaya KASSE Raynond Koho KoNE Souleymane KoUROUIIA Roger Topki LA}IA theoua OULARE ArsEne SAGNO Ivory Coast Kassoum TRAORE N iger Hamadi ADAMoU Moussa KABO Source of Current occupation/Tit19 funds AFRO Field of traj.ning and duratim 2 weeks' tlaining in parasitology at oCP (EPI); 2 weeks' training in onchocerciasis at IOTA, Bamako; 1 nonth's training in parasltology at Ecole de M6decine, Bamko; 2 months' training in epidemioLogy at OCP (EPI) (23 ocrober 1978 - 30 April 1979) training in parasitology at oCP (EPI) training in onchocerciasis at I0TA, Bamko; 1 month's training in parasitology at Ecole de M6decine, Bamako ;(23 october 7978 - 2 March 1979) 8-1,/2 months' training in ophthalmology at IOTA, Bamako ; 2 months wlth OCP (EPI) (13 Septenber 1978 - 12 November 1979) 2 weeks' training rn palasitology at OCP (EPI) 2 weeks' traininB in onchocerciasis at I0TA, Bamako ; L month's training in parasitology at Ecole de M6decine, Bamako; (23 October 1978 - 2 March 1979) 4 months' training in enlonology at lRo/Bouak€; 2 months' training at OCP, Bamko (8 January 1979 - 11 July 1979) 8-1,/2 nonths' training in ophthalmoLogy at IOTA, Bamako ; 2 months with OCP (Septenber 1978 - Novembet 1979) 2 weeks' training in entomology at IRO,/Bouak6 (16 sepEenber 1978 - 15 January 1979) 4 months' training in entomology at IRO/Bouak6; 2 months' training uith OCP, Natitingou(8 January 1979 - Jtly 1919) 1/2 months' training in entonology aE IRQ/Bouak6 M6d6cin e 1'Inspection mddicale des 6coles Conakry Chef Section ParasitoLogie LaboraLoire national Conakry AI'RO 2 weeks 2 weeks AIRO Chef d'Equipe d6pistage 1 esions ocu l aires Projet Pilote oncho Conakry AT'RO Technicien Parasitologie ProJect Pilote Oncho Conakry AFRO EntomoLogisEe assistant Projet Pilote Oncho Conakry AT'RO ),16decin ophtalnologlste et Directeur projet Oncho Kankan AFRO Chef d'Equipe parasitologie Service de Pr6vention Project PaLudisme Conakry A.FRO Chef d'Equipe parasitologie Projet PiLote Oncho Cona kry AFRO Professeur de Biologle Facult6 des Sciences de la Nature, l. P. K. Conakry AFRO Assrstant Enfomologiste Projet p11ote Oncho Conakry AFRO Biologlste char96 des enqu6tes paludom6trrques au servlce de Pr6vention Projet PaLudrsme Conakry 0cP Ch e rch eur Instltut Universitaire d'Ecologie tropacale AbidJan ocP Laborantin Direction de 1'HygiEne et de la M6decrne Niamey OCP Ophtalmologlste H6pital Ni amey Adloint Chef de Section Para s i to I o g1e -Labo ra to i re d 'Elevage Niamey 2-(i 6 September 1978 - 12 March 1979) 4 months' training in entomology at. IRo/Bouak6; 2 months wrth OCP, Lama-Kara (8 January 1979 - 7 July 1979) 2-1/2 months' training in entomology at IRO/Bouak6 (16 September 1978 - 12 March 1979) 2 nonths' training,in rchthyology at ORSmU/Bouak€; 2 nonEhs ar oRsToM/Abidjan; 2 monchs aE oRsTol'1,/Bamako (22 June 1979 - 22 December 1979) 2 weeks' tralning in entomology at IRO/Bouak6; 5 weeks' tlaining in OCP, Natitingou (23 July 1918 - 26 February 1979) 3 monlhs' training in ophthalmology at IOTA/Bamko (5 March 1979 - 30 May 1979) 2 weeks' training in entomolog:y at IRO/Bouak6 5 weeks' trainlng in OCP, Natitingou (23 July L918 - 26 February 1979) Rahiou LABO 0cP ICountry/Name Sierra Leone Haruna SESAY Tanz an ia Abdou KILLINGA ToBo Ayrt6 Fo11y ABOUSSA Ketevl KOLI1oUVI Source of fund s o c cupa r i on/Ti t 1eCurren t Yedlcal Entomologist Ministry of Healrh F ree tom Health 0fficer Yinlstry of Health Dar es Salaan :16decrn Chef Subdi.vrsion sanrtaire Aneho Assistant d' Entonologre Service Grandes End6mies et Paludrsme Lom6 1 week's trainrng i.n entomology ar IRO/Bouak6; 1 qeek in OCP, Tamle ; 1 week's trainrng in OCP/Akosombo(22 February 1979 - L6 Yarch 1979) 4 months' .raining in entomology ar IRO/Bouak6; 6 weeks' training with OCP, Lama-Kara(31 January 1979 - I8 July 1979) 10 months' speclallzaEion rn ophthalmology at Dakar Unrversity r'r"ovember 1975 - 0ctober 1979) 1 month's training in entomology at IRO/Bouak6(24 Jute 1978 - January 1979) AFRO AIRO OCP 0cP a ocPf PPI 7s .4 page 2l Annex I FieLd of training and durarion tLr, l!3o EZs6a-{ z ()IZ(J io UaGP tr(D ocYf edn.+ page 22 ANMX II (v, .J->< \ L^' ao J o = o =o zI o, ) z 6 E - zo :J G Fzoo FF =) o = = e d L z6 6 e z d ao -ts z =E oo d o F =o 6 =oG o - =o I/( t @ @ F/) F d ,i i -- --_J-ri\v)n^r)_ I -/ z \a l. oz EoaFt! =Foa = (9(rz LJk_o- t ( ,-l-' ,) I ocef w/ts.+ page 23 Annex II F-r o\ F{ od9co@@hrNr- >\-'J ^;?.1F{O-r ,E 6ro .r{ tq I o .'-{ r,l.{ vr, l{r^ rn r/t rn r^ @ rn n .f, n 1r1 \t \t Ot h @ @F r r r N r r\ r i\ r- F.- F\ r\ ) r* F\ F\\, r^ .s,{ r^ 1 \ \t I q I } g g g ..: ..: ljN@rn.OJF-NOdC)F{@(Y)O(rIJkd(!0 EZ (d tl r!J(Up dao6koo ,(u !O (B .O .r{ .r{ al, .t . 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