Fungal pathogens, except Coelomomyces, of Culicidae (mosquitos).

VII. FUNGAL PATHOGENS, EXCEPT COELOMOMYCES, OF CULICIDAE (MOSQUITOS) a Donald W. Roberts Boyce Thompson Institute Cell Physiology and Virology Program Yonkers, NY 10701, USA a Supported in part by USPHS research grant AIIOOIO from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. 147 -C) 41J .,, (10 U) e co .4i J.,, .00) U) 4co.)AX. rX4 0- 0 0 C: :1 ~4s .0 U) H-)4. 0 u H -A0a41i 0) P4 1-1 00 0% a% 411- U) c.) a% U4 C.) U) 1.4 0 4-4 H C.) CO N-1 Xr-0% 41 H 0)'-A 00u) (4ON uj N-1 0% 14- U) N- CY)C 01) r-. r_ H40% 0 ,<~ 41 u 1.8 OC.)u 0.0 C)8 c) a0) .0 co) .14 C.) Z Z -H *H 8l U =)1 c0 C.) 0) to ) -H H U cncn to 0) H COl U) 0) e-. b U) co 41 0 0 4 - - Ei C: lz co Cd 0() 01) 041I p -H4 H- H- -H -H -H4 0) 01) -c) 0 0 U) > > 1.4 .A w cdI 3:d Cdcs -H 1. 41 0)U4 0 0 U) 0) -H 04 U) U) U) 0) 0)P 0) 0) 0) c0 0) 0) > > >H- > > > 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1-4 0 1.4 1.4. 1.. ) U) U) U) U) U) U U) U) ¢) a) 0L) -01. 1-H 01 u li 4-HI 0)~ m a0)C) a)¢0 Q C. CN CJ 0 C- r- r- ..01 H .1 Y -4 JJ4H H 14 .0- 3 cOO CO a% JJ 4. 4 41i 0 C) -4 a<C) 4 C) * Z -4 C-o o sLtW 0J, 41 ., ao *.. U) C.) C) -.H 1 C) *H *HgO *H tO 0 r- :: .. -. NDn O%0 ON (4L~~ SJ SKH-1 vo1 0)*H- O O @F *H *,1 .8* CD u3 U) 0.8 1 * *H * * U)8 .0 O)0) H H 0 H4 *. -4- 01 00 H -H 0 *H 8co Cd Cd c C.) C .)C 0) X 0 U U) U) >4 co cn C>~U)U) )8 0) ) co 41 rX) > , (0 8~~ ~ ~~~~a S O w o U)C O 00 00 1 00 O *H -H cn *H U) -0 U)~~~~~~~~~~rCd ~~~~> dC41 cOj -H *H 01) .0 *H4 41- C) U) 0 H U)0 *4 *H :0 0U)A 8 -.4 - 8i H )0 uC 4 U) 0 14.8 ^ OCO gH= 1.4 -H*H *H H4 -0 4 41 4--.H 44U4 U 4i JJ 4 .1 4 JJ a)U1 Cd fil 4i 4- 4i 0 J e 0)8 8A 8A 8A 0 .4 :t SE] g E c: Ei 4 4, OCC 1-. 1-~~~~~~~~~~~~1.1 ~ ~r.4> > > > >U) a% Cd 0 0 0 cyi -- 41 *H p 1 14 0-1 14 to a 0) r c0 v ,1 a) _ -- - - _~~~~~~~~~~~~~-*4iJJ cd En .01 EI--,n 148 N- 0% U.) 0L) 0) 0) 0) CO3 I.0 0% 1-. U) u 41 01) I-) .01 0% C41 1.A co cs co 3(.441 Ui) -CO1 0) Q)1.-401) av 4-4 0) a- -4 'e .0) C.) 141 u 0 C.) lo 0) -H 0) 00 O- C EqHH C. CO -4C Cc)cn 0 CZ c.) H C.)4 uD C., C CO c) ¢ z C 2 p4 Cc) 00 H 0.4 C.-) C- CC 0) 0) U) 00-H 1.4 C CO U) 1-1 0)00 0) cn I¢ = U) U1)10) a) -CO4 -t 0% 1H 0C., 0) .41 *H C.) I-- 0cH U) 0) C.,I -01 149 C- ON o 0 r- 0 Oa Co 1Ir) C-- :3 a)0)0L .1 0D ') $4 Co 0 0 Hd I-0 $4 co - a% 4 410) 0) -0 * . . co co co Co . co ,.- I.. .. 4 1.. JJ41-% 0 0 <$4 Co :Z~) $4 0 z 0 0 0,00 C 0 04 (U) $4 0 -e. 10 :34 Q) 41 41 U: 0% $-4 Co C--r 0% 00H H 0% 0 0 CoO _0 co 41J 0) $4 a) .,, 1 00 C-, 0% co .C $4 co 10 C- .,- 0 H4 0 a a) 0 0) 41) 0 0 0 0,r 0! $L4 $4 V)V:V34 Co En 0 EH C- bo o Co a% Co > H4 C1 W1 v 40ir$4Cd : CO0 0A 41 Co4 44 HL 0- Co 04 r34 .0 Co 0 00 A. 0 0 00 0 a) U 0: co $4 :34 0% . oo C 0 Cor- 0a0 '-' 0 o aJ )14 CY) 00V - 00 $*H C -4CP-cIrn 0% $40 H a1) 0 Co 10 -H4co ¢ C) 0 a) U co $L4 0 0 0 0 4 < Cdo Hd C 4C-oJ1C Cd ] 410 Ul CiCl C 0i 104c Co CD U .,vH Co Uv o *H .H4 . H H,1 01 0{ 0n ,1 .,H co .H $4 co c$4 HA 0 . Co U Co 4 0 x S 4 0 u> H 0 N co rz 41J Co3 0 0A 0 z ..0 410HC .a l j .k : C 0A " . 0, O .4 . O W O C . ., a)V O 0 U0 41 g41 41U X r $4 > O41 .A > U41 41 Oco41 0 U41 0- 0 Co 4 U41H,44 Cd 41 -_ *"A U * 4 10 O40 U *H *- co4 4 co 0Q - Ho av C0 0 a O 0) E co Co Coi co co Co Co Cos C Oa Co 41 Co 41i Co Co Co Co Co $4 $4H0 $4 4 $4 1.4 $4 $41 1- $.4 .-4 $4 $.4 4I 0 $4 1- 1-a $4 1-a $4 1-a $-4Co CoSJ -W v - S-)SWa-)a0 a-) < a- < a- a- a- a- a- a-) CO Co Co Co :j1D1 0 4U -H Co co Cs C1 14la 01 01 01Ul 01Ul0 41 $41 41J Co 4 1i Coi 41 Co C O: C co o4t (1 C o C o'0 0 co '0 Co '0 '0 '0a)0 a) a 01¢1 ¢1 1 <- -¢ <¢ 0 .14 01SIl 0 UX )01 01 1 :3O)a) 4-1 @ _AA1n1t1r cy1 av 41@ ¢1 ¢1¢1 ¢ 0 rA C) 41 Co 0 Co 10 1- _0 Svi Co 0'0 a) _ r ¢1 C0 ay 41 1J Co JJ ., U .H- C) z C. 0% .0 0 C-- 41 0) 0 C- 0 .-4 ., 3Co U) 3n .Z 0 0 Z .A 0 E co 3 Co a)0 a) U 0 $4 CO 44 U Cd 0 0 V $4- CO 44 Co 0 0 U] .,4 0 Co 10 .,4 0 C)0U cn 0 EH. 0t :3) 3 C) C., xC:)P-l 0 C/) X ;Ii. ¢ ¢ J4 10 4-i 0) N E CY) a-- 0%N 0- -H p4 -H4 4.4 0 0 C/)U] ,_ CY) r-- a CY) -- H: 0 C-4 .-1 4i -o Cd 0 s-a(0 00) Cl CY) 0% *,4 Cd 4-i o - u 10 -H rx4 0 0 C/) 0 0 0 0 0 0 H rH H 0% 0% 5-4 sli 0 C0 La *,J .0 0 o -H 4-4 4 .-H d 0 Cl) 0 0 - 00 O n O c* -A O U) -H 4-1 o 0d 00 -H o H- H Ll) 4-4 .A r-4 c g0H q0a 00 0 0 *,1 a) be *{ Cd eU m 3 wIF 0 4.1 U 55 .0 Cd Cd 0 4 Ca-H -HIH 0- > 4i u > sA sk3 -A coS S 4) rz (Xco Ca Ca co CaH4>- >- >- > >-45a04 0 04 04 "0co co o Ca40 0 0 0f01 4-401 0 0 4-i 0 4-a co 44 4-i H1 0 -H U "0 00X "0f 0r 0 04 0 0 10 a) a) a) -.1: -Os -as 0 -H 0 U 0 -av ¢ -H 0) "0 0) 0 .,4 co -4 01 S 10 01 ¢l CY) 0% 4-i 0) 0ds- 0 u r-01% a) :h 0 .Z U 0 0 0.0 01 -4 0 a) .,14 C 0 0 Cf C C- Z -A --' Cl) Cl)0 .C0 0. 0) 0 a--t 5-a p4 '4) Cl) ~a I11- 00 - Cl) 0% .Z -a)04C: *140v -Hi ,.- rX C) 0 P-4Ca- -H 5-4 4i 0 a:j 0001% a- 0% OC) 4-4 4, sa) .,, 1-H 0 0 4-4 0 C/) CY) a-- 01% 0 .14 4-a 0 0 -H P4 0% Cd4 5- 10 0 C/) .0t_ 0 - -H Cd.-H C: 0 0 44 -4 0 Cl) 0% 5-a 1.,0, 0 -4 0 so ,4cd 0 .4- 1- 0 0 Cl) 0% 1-1 ,_ 07% D CYN H14- Pi.0 Cd .,, 010 -H 1-H co ¢ Ut :d 0 Cl -4s 0 0 II0 0 cnl OH H4 )C-4 0 0 r-0Y% 4r- .01 0 s-a= c) eu :D 0 0 Cd .,I 0 Cl) 0 0 0 0)4i U. C: Cd si C C: 0- Cd r- C C:0 0 0 . -H H 0 0 ol oa to0 o 0 -H -H0 0 0 - r 0 -H00 oe 1 0 0oo-a C~~~~~Cdsk o4 : > lt 0a g N 'j 0 0 05 Cac .> -H -H u-,H -H 00-H -H 4 0 0- "0 X H 0 0 - s 0 0 "0 -H -H 5- 0 -H H 0 0 0 -H -H 0 04 Uu 0 > >C Aa '0 0 00-HJ- 0 0 - H0¢ 0: 0 0 0 0d 0 Cd Cd to Ca Ca C H4- Ca Ca Hi Ca CdCd Cd 0 0d 0"0 0d 0 "0 0d0-4 t 1- 1- 1- Ca- -0 P-) 44 0 ., 0 C: 0 0 0 a- 0 "0 1 0 01 .-1 --4 01 0 0)JJI U1 01 -H1 01 41 01 :1 :1 *91 01 01 01 0 0) 0)@1 -a la -4 1C -4 0 0Cd 4-a U = .,4 -H 0 0 r-1 ¢9 150 -a) 0 -,4 0 5-a HC: -00 04- 4i -H U) 0 j0 .A U 0 0 "0 -H 0 H C-O la *.^ u :C 0 -O 00 U) C-) 0 H 0~ CY 0 En H 00 0 Cl) <4 :z 0 H >-I 0 z E 01 -1 U-H 0 U 1- 0 a' a) cn4)$401) 0 P4 C.-) ,4- - 34 .0 .C a) :34 C.-) a'(7 0) a a)C:0) 0) 0 10 0 . 1-1 - .0 0) 0) C -H -H co '4 44 P~ '-4 $4p 0 ¢H u0)$4 .0' co COH CO-4-4f, _ 44 bo-H 0 :3C :D co -H$r4 ¢ 0 $44 -CO U) ::D 4) H4 CY) $4 CO ..4)J 4.) 0$ 0Oooc) 0 0 0 0 F 1' ° a 0 c U -J 0 $:3 -H-co 0 $4 - - H- co ai) 4 0) 4 0 0 coa an 0 CO COi a) 4.) :3l -C a1) CO .4) Cl) -H4 0 En 0) '0 01) -CO U) V 4)U .) 4i En a) 0) -CO En ::3 r. $4 0 a) co a) 0) 0) a) CO $4 CY) C- aa * r- H a' CO.-4 4-i 0) 4-4 4-i $4aC0 0. -4 cr% -1 00- a U) CO) * ,_- cd a CO-) CylXV -)4) 4.) $4 C C.)0. r- 0) 0 .0 :3 0 C. .- aD 4- $4COd0i c o CO CO CO coC-) C- -) '.4 '4 CO -v .-as o CO $ CO $4 -H 04 -H 0 $4 $4 4, --, -H_ 00 0 $4C Hd- 0) 0) 0) oa COX:D > > >~~~O Cd 0 Z 0 Z -H 0 0 -CO -o: -CO <~~~~~$4-CCl)Cl) Cl) nC))C Cl) 0 0 0 0 4) 11-H 9 a e w O., ,,- C 01 ) 0)c $4 $4 cO CO a) :3 4) -H $4 01) ai) $4 4) a) -CO4 -H -H ,: C)4 4) Oa la C: '0 0) 0L) co COS C CO 4) 0) 1) : U) ) ) _ ) H01aI 4.l r U la) co CO $4 co .-) a% -4- 00.,4 -J4 4)C3 C) a *H C.)H .q-CJ * *,z u, C: 3A C1-)' a -4 0 4-J CO -a* C) - a la C1 H >1: C-'3 a' $4 CO 4-i J0 s4 u C) .,I ai) 34 .,, 1:3 la .J Jn a) U) a) -H co CO -H a) t) CO -CO -CO4 -C4 n) u) cn 1d1 .,4 -H :3 .,1 U) 4)J .4) 01) CO CO U4) a) .- :3 -H V 4) -H a) Cl) co $43 .01 U, a' 0) ~4- a) 40 ~o%,0 N N 00 1-e 0) -HI rxx 0 $4co > 0 .,4Ia'l HH4 cO4 0 bo Ia .01 0 I N $4C) C1 O 0) 0 0 tY Cl)C -1 CO ra$ 00)" Cl) Z O4 0 a C1 0001)0 HI a' CO CO co CO C-) ~ -- bO CO) ch) :3 C: - A: 4i0 n 0 ¢ a)u_ )I U) U_) ~4 $ $4 a)Qa) CO CO co co$4- $-4 $ 4- $4.. (A) :3 _ _ - - a) 4) a CO 4) X 4 1 0L) a > .> -4 a) a 0) a0 0) 0) -4 C - 0) uC) a)$440) r4- 151 $4 0 0 -4 . 0) .0 *H4 CO'44 C-) :34) a1) 4) :3 a ,4 -H 4-i 0 C' Cl) 0 H Cl) 0 C.) H C-) HCYU) 0 H 0 S Cx) '.4 0 rx4 -J co C) 0) C)0) 6-H! C)a H o0 4) CO 10) -H a) 0 i 152 00 Ha .. C-. -. 0 0 '-~ r--t a'NL .d .Ln04 ol c. 0 Lr- H- 02 02 $4 CU')4 4 ("4 '-.- a CO . ON '- .0 .0 0 r-- ' a a' r- C 0- 4U-H Lt4 a%'%-0 'i-a00a'Lr~~~~~~~~H H~I H" .4- Ir-, r- -- a'a'-.0.n 4.~ -H H *H 4i A '.- 0 4-1 4-A4-4 -. -0 $p4 =0. $4 -H *H *H 4-I $4 0 0 0 * H $4 0 :20.00 W. xi) W 4.1i CU .0 00 0 '0) CU la -4 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ CU CU CU 0 H4 0 $4$4 CU CU $4. H4 0 0 0 *H 0 10$ 02A-H4.. H - Hw -H O CU'4-102 C-HI C dU CU CU CU CUs CU - -H4 CU -H CU-H4 CU En 0 0 CU CU o CU CU -H -H H $4 $4 0 .C40~~~~~~~~$ ~~~~i 4~~~~~~~~~l 0 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 0 0 00H 4.1-. 0~~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~~~~0-HCU CU -H u 00 -2 .-2 cU 0 H H CU CU CU 0-H-0Z -z cU CU 0 0 - -H 004C4 044- 4 0 0 00 En~ (0 nr 0 C o o 0CU 0 00 00 00 00 $4 $4 00 - -H C-) 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~) b 0 --.'0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0C ) c '0 .00 04 . 4r $4~~~~~ -HCU-H 0~~~~~~~$4Cdc O 0 ~~~~~~~~-4~C4 .0 H .4 0'-''--- 0~ ~~ ~~~ ~~0$ 0 0004 0A I -' 0 OQ d 0 01 -H 0: 0 C 4 C 00LtI0 -4 u) 4 H H 00 H-H a'$42~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 C d-2>1W$ O 0 CU~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 0C 4-iCU0 40 - CUI $4 4) o 0,I $4:3 c CUo 0-r CI) CU dW4-)9 CU CU 4-H 02 -H 0.0 r 00 0 l- H 0 W02 : 0 02 0 ; 4 00 co0-H co C d-W C d cCU a0 H 02 Cd c CU .0 W 4 H042.H4 -HO $4j 0 . -HO H4 P4 co'0 002 0$ $400 C-i -H'0 $40 co 0 0-H-H $4 CU02~~~~~~~~~~~c r4 be CU CU0 C 00 0 '0 a CU 4.1-H -H-H1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-$4. -HC 00 ~~ ~ ~~~~~CU-H 0 CU 0uo 44 o44 be b ] 00r o -e~~~~~~~~0W W o> W W H 02 0 $4 $4 $4 $4 ~$4$4H $4 4 $4 $4 $r4 $4 $4 $4 $4 -4 < $4 $4 $4 $4$4 $4 $4 $4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-$4 $ $4 $4 $4$4$4$ 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 0r $4 $4 -H 0 020 CU 21~~~~~~C -H, C CU01 OC4.J -H 0~~~~~~~4 :20 0 $402 . -4 4- 153 Cd Cd s-4 .01 w CC 0 Cd 0' Cd c~ 0 0 H H 440 o- 5.1 4- s-I 4- Cd 0 Cd 4-4 0 1j 0 C~Cd 0 0: ~~~~~~Cd 0 Cd Cd H Cd CON Z.01 -0Z.)a '-4d t4 o0 Cd NOO0 -H4 °:) 0.0' 0 0 .40 .04 3 Cd Cd-H4 Cd Cd U4 0 -o Cd 0 0 Cd~~~~~~, C.) -H Cd rH O cl. :) Cd co) Cd Cd U) Cdi 3 -I Cd C o .0 01 Cd -0 .01 , 4J Cd 4-i 0 N o 4 N b* $4 EDmo O o; di 0-H U) 0 0 0 r4 0 0 0 -H dO 54 4I CO 4.I.-4 C: 0 (31 0 cd Cd Cd cdo I- Cd > H . Cd Cd Cd 'Cl Cd U)~~~~~~U ad 0 H0 0 4~~~~~ 0 di -H 0 -H - - U) U) 0 q0 < < C- H 4 0' 4N0 c-- .1 -- C) q' ' i Oco *u:3 00' -E4 -I J 4. Cd 5i Ci di J -= - 0 C' : O C-) E H C-) C. '0)J di . . .-H cd Cd Cd 4 0 0 00Odi) Z H, Z H4 %-., %---I H- O0 0 Cd Cd - _I 4 C) Cd c di V ~~~~~~oo 4 J C .l - 4U) .,- 0 0 C r- > > >V > Hdc .r4 I 1aj) :5 0- co U) 04 0 O -4 cn 4-) C.) 0 co ¢) U) .00. 01 U) s-I Cd .0 C-- 0' ' 0'' di - 0 r Cd 0d H ZO 4 di U) .0 .0 54(L :5 :5 .0 0 0 0 C) -C) 0 En .0 .0 Z'S Z -I Z~~~~5-s R o~ O~.0v¢.~- 4.J CdX 5Cd 5-Im C/)C CiC. C ,l .0 U) -H .01 0' 0 -I- :I . ,, -4- 0.0 10 1-H 5'.4di Cd -H z -It 0' CdN 14. Cdi C.Z _ ::I 0 .0 .0- 4-i --- 0 0 Z -H 0 c oo :z) Cd vC. Cd U u) -HU Cd 4 -.ocr .,, 0~ - H4 o - > Hj0 di 4dU) C ~4 0 UCd Ic 4-.-Hdi CdeiIu N) INS. 0 0o co M co. ¢V.C.O a OCd O V d4 di di Co cd Cd Cd cd Cd cds- s- 54 s- 01 0 41 :1-4 11 _ ) ,coX_ oA vIalg c) ,,, 4-4 :5 5-4 a)Iz r. .,4 U) P.0 ca)4-IUi a) .0I 04 0 0 -: C) 0 d4 -4) 4-4d) .0 -H4- CdJ 4-4 U) 14I Cd u 0 00 0 aJ 4-H C.) 0 ri o u HU Ca (X 04 4i dO 0 .1 Cd 'C Jid 4-V)dO a U) -HJ vI- U)s 0} oo Cl d, 4-) 0 0 ut C.-) HH Cl) 0 H C.) C-) :D (D) 0 C) H 0 S C.) Cr) C/3 H 5>4 0 I- 07% I'N 0) 0 0 0 0 C-l Nt 5- 0 U) 4-i 0) .0 0 I'llU) a -A 0 4. N '0 C- Cd r404 1- 1: 4 0 CZ .,4 0 -Ns_ cn CdCJ)NPC) 00 4-i 00N 0 C-) 'C U) 0 0 4-i U) U) 0 0 -.0 .0- 0 z I-, -4 Cl) N .,4 0 H Cd.0 ON 5-4C- 00 C::.4-4-i Nd .1D '-' _s- 0. cn ,l-e0) - Cii 'C' N 10 -ei 0 0-el S-4 Lt-1 0)0 CN -4 .4 .0oHOO HO0No" 1 r_ (10 04 N.0-4 4 Sw 0 0 C4)cn 0 -,4 1.4 Lf) 400 H 00 I--, 0% a r- -I Ai 0 al) .0I 5-41 U) s- 0) 0 4-i -AA sIz .0 01 00 00 s-I 0 4-i x Cd E-4 1-- 00 - I 00 _ 00 00 00 Ui)A: 00 .0d4-i 0 c Z E-4 c0 0 N- .,4 .-i 4-i U)0 ¢N 0~~~~~~~~~~~~ Cd .,j 0 -.4 m beU) Cd Cd~~~~~~~~~U I 0 - S 11 HS N 00 0 .,lQ D g D~~~~: :3 O >1 z Cd Cd 4 1-4 -4 0] 015-Il C 4-N 5- Nr c4 -4 r4 r- 1 -4 0 U 4J 0 U4 , _0 . U) 0e U)0N .. N Nk0 .0.H .s-i SO O $4 V 0S-W-4 Q '4- U 0 az r4 4-i m a a 1- 0 s- 0 0 00.-i¢ ¢ ¢ c .-sac-u U)- N U) 0 OH O0 0 0 U) 0 0 0 0 U) U)Nd i- N dN N NCN4- 4-i > > > N N > " 0 10 CdC- co C) -N U)01:1 4-i .0 U)0v I91 0 01 0 -I (a0 4-i NCd4-i 00. U) -N4 0. UL) 1- C-) '0 0C - 0 P- (a .,- 0 Ci 0 .0 4-i 000 4-i 000 C: .,- En D 01 _s U-CL) CV) .01-a 4 0 0 oC) Z ,1 .00 N ., 4-i, 'j-- H $4 Cd0 -Ns $CfN C ::.) u01- CN ('4 -4.0 U) 0 .5i c0 0, .0 C bo 0 04co ElCl) C) 5--IC14 .-i .,, 0-4d K) c0.,, - 0- - .0 . IN C ^00 Nd 0 -4 *H4 U) 0 0C-) : I.I 0 cn ut 00cn) 000 P U) 0 NO42i U C-) _H 4- UH 04-i 4-i 3 0 0 N N -H ,0 C d*d N 0,1 0 04 0 'C §C 'C r-C s-i S- cd , 4 Ca a) 4 4)X 0 _N r- C% o 4i 0 0 .0 C-) .C p o 0 S4 Z4-i 00. -4 0 -Ns-i PCflrnco) U) 001U)I >1 :j riO 0 HA U)00 .r > _4 cd :3 -4 c) u 0 'C s-4 Nu C-) ul CD < Vl4 X 'A "A xl xl al 41 _, r-, O, D ,l , 154 Ci0 I4 o -e .0(L .0 H Cfd 44N4-4 u- 0 44 U) '0-0 0 .,4 4-i u 0 Cl) Cl)rn0 H C-) C-) cn 2 mCi4 0 Cl) 004 H C) 00 C-) 0 -n P4 ¢ CD z 4-i u -d 0 C)0 C., 0 H .04 i;- N 0- co U, 4-i U) 00 '0 bo u .4U0 -H 4i U) 000 07% S.-I aL) -o 0 C)b .0 a1) 4- a) i~ C/) N C% '1.0 C0% s-I4) a) 0 Cl z dle) C'- C-l .-N 4-4 4-i fr% a) Cl)H4 S-I.c C0-0 '0 '-4as ,4 co a) U0Cl CI4 C-)0% 4.-I 4-4 0 0 '0 :j 0 u1- 00%m '-a SC'- 00 10% 0Y% 4-iI a) S-I Cl) C1) S4 4i 0 0l)a) - H a) 0 0 Cl * *-4 O "W * >O-04d m0 p Cl 0 U 0 bOC '4 '-4 U) Cl 04~C)-4 Cl 0$40 Cl- C) -a: Co Cd 00a) C1) ut -a: cO - = - ~ ~- Cad Cl) cd 4i 0 OJ 0 Cd m C: *-, 0 CdeS*FS*Cl 0 C Cd0~- Cl)O Cl) C Oa to tog r ) -H~~~~4 ~I-A 0~ ~ ~~~Cll 00 -A 0 0 u CnX.0 -H HC)4 u r-4 4 H a) 4-J O H-4 Cl S-v CIO H *,a*, U, *, *H*,H U *H,aHAU) U)0IJ9 () 0 1-OU 54.DOa =1 ,I -AQ -A*H *H a) -H Cl) a)S-U U V U 4-J Oa 0 4I O >UtS-I > a) -H 4J -H 4-) 4-i O H 4-) a)L) 0JU) 0 0j a U 0- H 01 C).,0 a)OU) -rI Ei 0 Ei 11 .F4 O0 11 (L 0. U- 4¢< )VU) CU: CO C/)D C) co '4' 00- 5 U) a) a) a U a) a) a a) U-4 Cl) Cl Cl) 4U Cl) Cl C Cl)H > > > H > > >H >0 5 S- $4 0 s 5-0 S-I -e CIO Cl) Cl) '0 co Ca Ca'0 CaIl) '4 4 '414 -: '4 '-4 -4 co '-4 U) 0 =4-iU a) 0 a) H ::C) 0 a - H 0C) - -4 Cl) Q S- co - > 04 H4'0 4-i o 4-JiU)0 0 0 >- r 04 a) 0 a)U) rl4C U) 01 a)*-H x a) 155 Vt) 0% -4 Cl) 0 .0 Ca 4-i Cl) 01 .1- -It .-, a) .,C0 co 0D -1 a) Cl) 0D 1-HI.-, N N 0 -4 0 C) '0 a) -4 -4a) a) rC4 C4l a) U ar _ a) ~4- a1) 0 .a) .0 *H4 4-I '4 .,, 4I C) U 0 '-4 a) ci; U a) a) 10 .0 Cl) C-S 0% oa)- Co r- ,, ) US--I Qa4) -H Cl)C:0-I Cl) C-) Cl) ., 0 0 44 H Cl)C) 1-a Co Cl) "-I '00 H- a) 0 Cl) ri4 a) Cl) -44 :h Cl 4-I H C- 0% .54 Cl) 14 co Cl) C/) 0 S-4>0 C)I -A 4-I 000 H r4 Cl) 0 co Cl) .0 Cl) S-A a)- Cl) 5-4 co Cl) '-4 '0 a) 0 04-i0 0 u 'IN w 0 E-4H :D En 0 C,) H u) H C) S-14 0 rz) W ¢C) 0 0C) CC) C) '-4 -a: C) 0% -08 a,) -I a) Z4) a) *H1 H H H .0 Cl U) Cl)4-I o Os-Is- o 0 )0 co) 0 14 u cog > C .) H .C 0 OIU a) -H *H r > Cl) 0- 10 U)0 4I 0 0 4-i 000 .,4U)) U)0 :004 10 4)a .-4 r4 4- X4 Q) O a) a) a) :3 0 :3 C> C u 1-4 oo 4-i )0 a)H U) -H CU 00~~~ -al z tn04 n C6c v d r .10 .0'Ce 'O - 1-a o H c- H coC -o 0 oo0.-^ - '. ooI .0 0 9 0.CU - CU C. 0 CJl -It O% - a% C C: 14-0.0 go aCU 00 I'D a% 0 -40 U) .0Ca) H 10 U) .4- 0 0 0 0 C U) H(4, 0 -4 0-N"0 rj H4-4 4.JW 4.4 A 0-0 0 r) CUEa0 0+ 0 U 4-A -0 0 U) : E 4o3 0 04-- a) -, i 4 1-a 4JH ..H U)'--' - oH C'-I 0 r- ( *H9 CU 0 0 H *H 0 CU 1O.0 -4 4J 444 -0 CUD 4. 4-4n D 00 CU CU U) CC X4 w 11 cd u p 0 o0 U0 = U )1HCo o~S u u u 4i 4-i 4-¢ H H 156 0 _s C0 a~ CY)< r- b ONc 1-iU) .0 .0 -H r-, -0 U) 0 r4H o CU% 0 co "0 .,0 U) H .U I- U) U) 04 U) u U) 4-4 a) ,{ p 1-. .0 -rd 4. CU 44i CU 4-4 CU C) 0 0 C) 0 0) 10 .0 4. CU pia Cd 2 441 0 -as w Pcli a) 0 OCJ cl) 0 U) 10 cn 4-i 0 0 1.1- Eq 0' (4-) cn 0 CZ H 0 1-3 0 cn(I) 0 0 >4 S 0 0 C-,r4- x Ut 63 ¢ ¢ CD i:1 CU -i C p Q4 .0 '-. (0 0. CO UE .01.-01jij 4- 4.U H HC "0 -0XD e . -a0) -aJ QU)II .9 -H UO 3: > 4-i CU 0 "0 40 U4--a4CU0 H 4-u CE 0 cn Oa) .H4 .U) X a1) r- 157 z4 -04 Cd >$0o >, "a z N0.00 1-_ tow ^qJn En as ,1 as O Cd f0. 1Y 4 Utco u 'I o1 on ^3 ,4 % a) oo cr ( ^o ^ ^ ^ 3 100s4 'I aE CY 1 Cd 00 '^ cn a% 1 °0 as - D 4C r- r- 4Ha' _ *L1 a'% --H as a' a' %, -- Ha c ~o * -4 'A -M > o £ ~~~ > C o 0 00 CS a'-a' - -~~~~~r lbo -4 H -4 b0 130 HA H'4 4-ir-C 0 -4°.01 4 '0- 4 0 o > 0 *HC,1~- 0 t 0 ) 0_> JC a N A 1. -r- .0 0 .z - -0-- 0f 4-i N - ~-1 0I Cc 4 - l > YO H 0 r9 :s o St4 hI tal _I o o C o a c 4> 0° H ~ ~ 0 000~-00Z 4-0M. 0 0 00c - pO 03: HM O m CD t C)C.D~~~00 Z U) PO PO E-4 0 H H H . . H , H, o .0.*H4 0i 0 0 .0 .0 0J .00X 0D. o) td-4f .) ,{ HS *, Ce C *Hl Cx*H, Cx o H H4 H ^ ~0 H C C1)(30C o cd 40 04 0A Hd C C A E-.1 i :D C) =X O M -y OC 00 0~~~~~0.c00) <; ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Ecnux u) uz f cn a} cjo Cd CqsC 0 En0 0nOH Hp O H- 0aJ ~ 4 -14 u 00 1: S C CC W 40O 0AC 0 Q4 -J.004 CO 0 *H -H 4-J> 4-iO:> o 0 .C0C$4.0 3 a 0 C ~-O~0.0 r- Q0 0 HH A -O. O o cn H 4 O CO N0O0 -44) 04-s 04 Ln , , r.> ~ -2 H04. 4 o00°l o4 o a o Q4 - H oa 0 o o o o0 0 ~~~~~0 C) 00$1Q l~X~~~~C Cd C ¢Cd C d C) bo pv4 1.C C s4 c4 ,C H Ct'O O4 O O 0j 0 O 00 O. *H C) cOX CO U 4 0 00d *H 00-4 00 Cj4 1 " td 4 lid 4J Cls 4i i m " 4 0ttQClsa1) *rx C0 ,r! ~4 $-. 104-lU 4. 4U-! P4 Cd 04 Cd af Cd afi CAn 0)tw0O O ,t *, :3 a) .,H D Q 0 $4 0 p 0 $4 0A 0 CO C0z 40 C.) 1I 0 C -H) El ) S ) S uOi OAOi A 4J SC C0-EI 0 rH O4-J V4- 0-V-iUH 10U lOU) 03 SUII 0 O4 4.U H U - 0 4-IC *H 0 *H o -e o 00CUU U) U) U) U) U4.1 4- 4-14.J 4-i 4J 4-i4-i CO CO H o V H H H H H H c¢~ O~~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 $- $40q4J ¢a) ¢ ¢ ¢004-~~~~~L~~4-~~~~~~~ cO~~cO V.4C -- 0 C-. * 0' CUd- CYU) CU-) VN ON. o03 - Cl4 C- ~I U1) U) 0 00 %0 CU% 4-i 0) C-) .0 .0 U)CU CU H~~~-C-) C-) CC)~1 *H1 oos0N 0 a) 00 v- ¢: In 0 0 CU 10 .,, p 0 H- rC) 00.: CU 10 0 N-i 004 1-.0U) -4l r- .0 111 CIA U) a'N H4 0 LIn o H a) C)b0 1 a) *H N U) 4)J H, ~1 CU CU --4 CUd -H cU CU 1-2 N4H-4 CU CU N 4-i a) CU -H4 10 0 H- , I . 0 0-.. CnU U p -C, 4-i 4j U) N 0 Dli CU (00 0 -H En C0U) 4J .,4 C)JJ v 0 :3 a) 4i N U) -o 0 1 04 U) CU 0I 00 -4CN 00p a} 0 .0 C) .0 00 10 .0 0 U CU CU *H- C-) C-) CC CU .,4 Q)U NC _U0)Z;CU-H NZ rX4 0 U1) OOC00QU) H CU .,- ,-4CU 41-i U) :¢ 0 CU 4--i Ui) .,,I U) En N En >D .0 CU D. 00 00C-) Cy)A U) CU 4-i . I V . Cd $4 $4 U pU .0 0 U) U)Za Iz to a i. U)C-AU 4 U1)Coa U) C X - i> :J ) -H 1 0 C 0 rO 0N 1o E 4 N c CU .*H 4' .0 204 OH 0 *-H V0V 4U O C 0 4- OCU co) .0H ) *H CZ. A UO- i0 *HA OU O11 0 1 V 0 O 10 0 0 0 0 O0N 4) U) - C U) N4 CU V0 C0 0 C0) 0 0 UU 0 O CU 4)i 4- CU 4-' 4 )J CU CU 4) cU > H> -H > > H4 > ¢ ¢3 ¢4¢JX J¢cU 0 CU d0 cU cU CU 0l - *-H 13- .U) 0J -It- 0- Ca 0 r- r- o- oC0 %r CU U 4-J 0 N U) .0 CU 0 l4b -d0 .0 .U CU C a.)co c C- .4- U) C) 0 co N4 rZ4 158 4-i a) 4C) 0 0 0-.C) cr 0% 0 .0 La 2 0u *0 .0 CU cU C-) C-) U)C) 0 U) aJN U) 4-4 U1) o-e . ) :h *0 H 4Ji CU 4-4 U) C., 4-i U)C) 0)U - o 0 a) to0 41i CU P4 .0 4-i e-NNCU 0 0 Z -H 0 Co ¢:: u U O Cd 0 0 Z *H., 0 CI2CU ¢ .) Cn cy ONC a'I CN 1-H 0) CU U) C) 0. CU N 4i .-e U, 2 04-i0 0 C) co00 En0 H H -4 90 0 C-I oD u] 44 0CC) 0En H 0 0 0 0 0 p4 cl N4 1:¢4 ,.- -¢ c) 0 Z C CU - Uut a}) .0 H -H 0 - o -IH CI 4U U) 0 00 10 U)U Uo4-4U),4- 4-IO CU U) E0 E2 H> CU CU CO) U) C U) U).Y -4 4 .,l D *H ) *HC4O co 11 0U U) .,, v *,4-H v u*,1 :2 d 4-i .4- 00 a) co N coCU aU) N Cd NO U)*, >: 0 CU C-) 4-i U) 000 r-0% CIIa rn 0% 00 H4 0~- 4- 0 0 4-34V4 Cd £4 i-4H44 88 n 8 £2 £20 £CU C-H C (d e1L' $4C Z -Hz H 0 H LW A) H 4-i CU CU r *l LtI0 Ca _4 c C-i 0 Cd C4 $P4 C-i £2$4C Z-Hp o 0 C:0 -4 CUm C. -It C-ON 0 0% Cdto 4i $4 0 00 0% 10% CU 4-i 0 CU C-) _ .J co co *1-$4 $ o o 0 U ¢ <: -i:4 -'il cn v)Cl l CY) 0%a .I, p4 *-H o 14 *L, CU C-) C.)¢ U] o 0 0 o 0 0 H H H CU CU -H HCO 0 *,C 0 t- C Uc cU 'Cl £2HI 54N *-H $-4 0-{ 0r $40 $4) $0U X 0 > 0 Cd CU C 4-l CU $4 $4 $4 $4 CU CU Co Cl CUCl:~~~~~~~~~~,- 04C C) .,4 -4 CU 4-I x 0H C-) CY) C- 0- CY- Ch l .0 CU -4:0 q 0 co 1:4 04i £2 CUH :0 p C) )-i£2 o OCg z *,1 *,1 0) OC 0w 00 'A 0 4i CU -Hco .,410 C-i. 0oa) CU $4$4 1-o F- C0% 4-i 08 Cd$4 C.)C) CU 4-i 0) .0$4 CU C-) qCl 0) .,H CU CU CU 54 0 L4 0 C-l) 00 H co 4-i 0Cd 'Clbe CC. 0 CU .$4$4 C-i 10 C,1 .) ,-1 11 1- -It r0 CU co 4-i C) 0 C- _N 0%D a CU -4- $4 CU H £2 0$4) £2 4-I -- 0 0 Z *, Hk0 Cl)CUC4 CU .r4 0 H -0% '0$V4 CUCII *0 0) $44CU CO E- £1- 111 00 F-- ON 01% H) -4 0 1-4 CUl $4 0 £2 0En C * cn $4 0 cU CU CU $,40 cn Cl) 54 0) o $o*,4 0X S 4 ~ .,, b g CO' D Q .Fva 0{ O H4 COjA C C A CO O $~Iwl U4- CU 'Cl *- 4 0 C >) 0- 4 .i -4 $4 4 0 4-H r4 C.- CUi CU CU CU CU CU CU $4 $4 $4 $4 $4 $4 CU CU CU CU CU CU CU CUco4-I .,4$4$4 4-I x C-) 0)4-4 C) I 0 HA0 CU 4-I 4-i C-) 4-i cO Cd 0 0 0 0 C) co COH1 4i 4i Ql a)l Q) CO *H *H 4 l :1: 0 0 $4 0) 04 159 $4 o'A .04 C-i -Cl :I4-iCO '0 0 10 4) 0 Eq 0 c) Cl) 0 H cr uLH P40 $4) 0 Eq 0 : C-) w 0 ci C-,. 4i H Cd C) aJ0 C)CU0 'ClC1) 0 H CU0 0 .0 CU 04 t4$4 CO¢C Z .,I H 0 :=) 0 CDU $4 >6 :1$40 0 ., 0. u o .,, > 0 t) 4 ) CO COi 14 0 0CO0 C)0)$41 0 C-) 4-i co 0 'Cl CU0 -H 10 0 .r4 C) $44 C I C) .4- 4-i 0) CU $4 CU C-i 1-H '0 CU 4-i 0 4J H4 0 :2 1I 00- CU -i) 0 w It 0% 4.) la CU 4. .A0 C-) , r'4 X44 -1 C-C0% I.-, u C-) 00 .-l 0% -4 NN 0 0 10 -H Z44 0 0 0co c4 0 -4 U) co '-4 .C $4 CO0 0 Z *H 0 <:4$4U) CU 0a 0 co U)0 0 to ¢ .01 00 0% a 'A -. cu a)$4CUsk 1-.010 CU% -±4 1-4 CU4 co '0 r-/ Cd -4 ..I 0 4J p :3 0 u 44 4.1 H u CU0) 0 0 - <.40 <:cU)0 U) C1-.C- ,- CU H} a .,,0 J4 .o '-'4 U) cd W~~~ CU~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C4.- -4. C 0.~~~~~~>:lz 4 0. $4 -H .,, -H U) 'C 04 CU 00 C CS oa 4: la,4 U oOCUC0 r 4U)l E o 4'o O40J 0 0d4 ~~~~~~$4$4$4 CU CU CU CU CU CU CU '-4 '4 '-4 '.4 '.4 '4 .- 00 SiCU .1 04 0 co U) _ ,1 c;~~~~~, co w -4 CU 4.11 I U)4I CA0 CU 4.1 Ui) 0 4-i U) 0 cU U)1 -H $41 '01 01 01$4 Za0aH. $4$4co U)u04 160 0) u 0) 44 0) 0%$- a,% v 000 .0 CU '4 -:1 C--0% 0 01% -4 $4 0) .0 0 1- It -,10 ~4. $4CU .04I-I U) CU -H 1-'4,-4 13: C14 Ita,1~0 H4 -4 CU- 4.4) " H 'I Cd '0 , 4 0 0- -U a) .,, co C; ¢ <C $4 0 0 1- . 0 '-4 '0 4-i U) CY) 4-i 0 co 4J 0 0 0 .,4 04 co .,, -D C ',4 0 0 0 U-) 1.01- CU '0 $4 CU 0 14. 0 -4J $4CU 0 -A CU ~oCU ¢ V4. CU 0 U)1 C-,CY CU -4 $4 co 44 CU ¢ $4 0 10 U) -Nt C-C0% -4.0 a.C-) 0 0) I-.00% CUN -4 $4 0 -o (L) '14 ¢CU 4-4 0 U) '0 0.0QH C$44 co 4$4 0 z :4: En CU0 $4 CU 0 0I- 0 CU$4 0 0U) cn '±4$4 0 z cn $4-J u 4.1 0 0) u 0 l -eIH 0 H 0 .0 4.1Ai co a0100) -'.4 0 0 C-) (DI U] 0 ¢U) 0 H -4 m 0 H '4 u T44 0 U) w ¢ $4) 0 S 0 H 04 C/3 z 0 0:4 '4 $44 0 0 14 0 0 4 $4 CU CU 0. 4. U) I-, *F1 11 U) Co 0 a U)$4 04 u I) 11 0 c oa0 la a4.CU 04 co -HI 4.-) U)0 p$4 CU00 0r N CIOt ou] 4 *{ coNCU U)$ a) 0 S$4 4-IH .- '0 co -i)C)O '.r4 01 co U 4-J c) ,4 u $4- ',4 a) U) 0c H 4-i 4 U) H 0 c -4 a}H0)0 a4-i U) -H 0) $4 a) CU $4 co '-4 U) 0 a) 01 aJ 0 cn .1, 0 $4$-4 CU CU I.- CU $4 coCUI p c 0 C 00z -H :4 rn co :=0 Ux) 91 >. :1 CU. 0 I$a U. 0l 01 N 11 01CO) 0-H >91 'A col 0$4 u '4 '4 -d L4 0 u Cd 0 .01 a 0 $4 0 (A 04 4-I U) 0 _ _ ~~~~~~Cd 0 0 CU .,4 4TJi 4) 0 4lrn -cIt CY% 14. 414 :4I .,00 '1100 O% 00 07% .-, '--'4.14 0 4-4o x .0CU .1- 0.0I0 002c .-"CUC $4- CU $4. CU H4 C'.) 0Y% 01% -4-40 001'a $4. 4-i $44 .0 C-4 CYN .01 4-i -' 0. %o OooOco4.4 H900- 0 00 0) $4 00 co co 00 $4.rZ4. HCU 0%0E- '-'1.0 4-0~ 0.$4 '0 H4 0) 4:4 .000 .r100 C CU CU C CU C- cCUI C CU 14.40 01 0 0 0 -AI 0 0-- co4 4.44.co4.1 4.4. -A 4. '4U, 4. 4 i $ C04'0 0 J - "-4 10 .0 .0 cU CU CU .0 .0 0.d4 U 24 0 H-4 0 *-4 -A -r4- aH 4.14.4 0 4 0 01 C 0 0 0 I4 0 0 0 0 0 0 04-E U 0-i 4A-A .4 -'0 .-4 0 4-1'4 4 ao - 4 4 O. C CU 0 0 c Uo 4. b 4 - W W W u 00 02 4-i 10 '04 02 4-i 04 '0 -'4 $4. a)4-4 04 161 F-1 C4. 0.- 04 0) C') 0 4-i$4. CU I'D0 01% 4-i 14. CU 0 0 C-.) -4- .r4 CU -It F-. co 4-i 0) .0 C. 0j 0 C- 4.4 4.4 0 01% '.0 14. "-4 CU $4. 0la .0 - CO 4~4 0 4) 02 '10 .0 0) CU "-4142 r4. 04-4 "-4 CU C-4 00 4-'. 0 0 0 -cc .400)CU 0) C. 0. co 4. P44 '0-100)0 "-4 4-i 0: 0 0 H 00 C-) C-, 4:4 00 >-I 0 i.2 F4: 00 -'4 41. 0 4.- CU C.) 0 10 -'-4 0 H) 000 .Z4-i CU 414 $4. 1-I1I-N I0.04 4-i 0L o>lu>1 .0c 024 4.1 C US 1. CU Ci 0 .f4 coH4 CU 0 .0 CU .~-A -4- 4.4-i 0 .r4 CU CU CU3 4.) 02 000 la ~00 0200 "-4 02101) Cj0 >%I OH 0 oJ0 2 00 0 0 0 $4.CU "-4 -A CU CU "-4 0.01 co 4-i 0 0 co$44 4.1 02 000 "-4 $4.CU 4. .0 4. .0 0 P44 $4. 0 '0 4. CU "-4 0 0 CU$4. "4I 4-lI r44 0 0 02 41. 0 Ho 10CUO1-4- CU r4:0 C)u CU0 alk 4-4 5-4 -4e 1-% ,o r 4-i CO 44 14- 4-I , 4 CU u 0 0C.) 10 -4 C.) 00 00 4-i CU of 4i 0 la 0,0 4-i 4i 0 00 4i CU 4 HE- 11 4 n4 r-'CO o oo> oo HHl 68 0 4-i .,4 0~ 00 _ 162 .0% Cl) cn o o40 0CoUM o .Z .,-' 0. Cl) -W OCO CU0 $4 H q( 1-e10 -4) CZ 00 0 H 00 H c-) C-) C-)1-U 1-- p4 -- C-) 163 ABSTRACTS Mary Ann Strand & Donald W. Roberts Anderson, J. F. & Ringo, S. L. (1969). Entomophthora aguatica sp. n. infecting larvae and pupae of floodwater mosquitoes. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 13: 386-393. E. aguatica is a pathogen of larvae and pupae of Aedes canadensis and the larvae of Culiseta morsitans in woodland pools in Connecticut. No external changes are apparent in infected 4th instar larvae, although some changes in activity occur in larvae with extensive infections. Pupae killed by the fungus are identifiable by a white mat of conidiophores. Hyphal bodies are usually found in the parietal layer of the fat body, hemocoel, and nervous system. Ba6inskij, P. E. (1926). K biologii li6inok komarov anofeles i kuleks v svjazi s metodom biologi6eskogo analiza Kol'kvica-Marssona i opytami zara2enija licinok sporami plesnej. Gig. i Epidem., 5(4): 38-44. (Rev. appl. Ent. B, 15: 153.) Braun, A. (1855). Algarum unicellularium genera nova et minus cognita, Leipzig, Engelmann, 111 pp. Brown, E. S. (1949). Vorticellids (Protozoa: Ciliophora) epibiotic on larvae of the genus Aedes (Dipt., Culicidae). Ent. mth. Mag., 85: 31-34. Brumpt, E. (1941). Les entomophthor6es parasites des moustiques. Ann. Parasit. hum. comp., 18: 112-144. (Rev. appl. Ent. B, 30: 151.) Chapman, H. C. et al. (1969). A two-year survey of pathogens and parasites of Culicidae, Chaoboridae, and Ceratopogonidae in Louisiana. Proc. N. J. Mosq. Exterm. Assoc., 56: 203-212. Female adult Aedes sollicitans with many basidiomycete spores in their abdomens were found during the survey. They apparently acquire this fungus when feeding on exudates from Spartina spartinae plants. Identical fungal colonies have been isolated from the mosquitos and the exudate. The effect of this fungus on the mosquitos is not known. Chapman, H. C. et al. (1967). Pathogens and parasites in Louisiana Culicidae and Chaoboridae. Proc. 54th Ann. Meet. N. J. Mosq. Exterm. Assoc. Atlantic City, March 15-17,pp.54-60 Dissections of adult female mosquitos revealed 8.9 x 3.7 ji spores present as white opaque masses in their abdomens. Four mosquito species were involved, Aedes sollicitans, Culiseta inornata, Mansonia perturbans, and Psorophora confinnis. Inci- dence in Ae. sollicitans averaged 25% during one 2-month period. The identity of the fungus was unknown, but it is suspected to be a Basidiomycete. Its effect on the mosquito was unknown. Charles, V. K. (1939). Notes on entomogenous fungi. Plant. Dis. Reptr., 23: 340. (Rev. appl. Ent. B, 28: 237.) Chorine, V. & Baranoff, N. (1929). Sur deux champignons parasites d'Anopheles maculipennis Mg. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 101: 1025-1026. (Rev. appl. Ent. B, 17: 247.) Christophers, S. R. (1952). The recorded parasites of mosquitos. Riv. Parassit., 13: 21-28. 164 Clark, T. B. et al. (1967). Experiments on the biological control of mosquitoes with the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Control Assoc., 35: 99. See Clark et al. (1968). Clark, T. B. et al. (1968). Field and laboratory studies on the pathogenicity of the fungus Beauveria bassiana to three genera of mosquitoes. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 11: 1-7. The susceptibility of Culex tarsalis, C. pipiens, Anopheles albimanus, Aedes aegypti, Ae. sierrensis, and Ae. nigromaculis to B. bassiana was tested. In field tests, conidial dust applied to the surface of the water was the most effective method for killing larvae. When applied at 3 lb./acre, 70-95% of the C. pipiens larvae died. Aedes spp. larvae were not susceptible in the field tests; however, adults of all species were susceptible in the laboratory. Eggs exposed to conidia hatched normally. Clark, T. B. et al. (1963). Axenic culture of two trichomycetes from California mosquitoes. Nature, 197: 208-209. Rubetella sp. and R. culicis were found inhabiting the rectum of mosquito larvae. Axenic culture was successfully accomplished using blood agar medium. Mosquitos were readily infected by exposing them to older cultures with conidia forming thalli. Clark, T. B. et al. (1966). Pythium sp. (Phycomycetes: Phythiales) pathogenic to mosquito larvae. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 8: 351-354. Motile zoospores of Pythium, the only infective stage, exhibited strongly positive chemotactic response to wounds of Aedes sierrensis larvae, but were apparently in- capable of penetrating normal cuticle. Thus, wide variation of mortality rates in laboratory tests was a function of harshness of treatment and to zoospore concentration. Coluzzi, M. (1966). Experimental infections with Rubetella fungi in Anopheles gambiae and other mosquitoes. Proc. 1st Int. Congr. Parasitol. (Rome), 1: 592-593. Second instar larvae of laboratory colonies of Culex pipiens, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles gambiae were exposed to 4th instar skins of larvae infected with Rubetella (inopinata?). Ninety-three to 100% of the prepupae became infected. No changes of vitality of C. pipiens and Ae. aegypti were observed. Twenty-seven per cent. (range = 12-87%) of the A. gambiae died. Death was the result of occlusion of the rectal ampulla. Couch, J. N. (1935). A new saprophytic species of Lagenidium, with notes on other forms. Mycologia, 27: 376-387. Couch, J. N. (1960). Some fungal parasites of mosquitoes. In [Proceedings of a conference on th]e Biological control of insects of medical importance, Washington, D.C., American Institute of Biological Sciences, pp. 35-48. Couch, J. N. & Romney, S. V. (1973). Sexual reproduction in Lagenidium giganteum. Mycologia, 65: 250-252. The description of L. giganteum is emended in light of more complete knowledge of the life cycle. Nine strains of Lagenidium from the United States and India were examined and all were determined to be L. giganteum. Larvae of 11 mosquito species were sus- ceptible to L. giganteum in the laboratory. 165 Couch, J. N. et al. (1974). New fungus which attacks mosquitoes and related Diptera. Mycologia, 66(2): 374-379. Culicinomyces clavosporus, a new genus and species, is described from Anopheles quadri- maculatus. The infections were discovered in a laboratory colony reared with lake water from North Carolina. The fungus is culturable on a wide variety of artificial media. All larval stages are susceptible. Infection probably starts by the ingestion of conidia and death usually occurs within 60 hours after exposure. Infection experiments revealed the susceptibility of 10 other species of mosquitos. Dy6, L. (1905). Les parasites des culicides. Arch. Parasit. (Paris), 9: 5-77. Dyl'ko, M. I. (1971). Tests of the suitability of entobacterin and beauverin for the bio- logical control of mosquito larvae. Minsk Belaruskaya Akad. Navuk Vesti Ser. Biyalagichnykh Navuk, 4: 85-89. (Bull. Acad. Sci. Byelorussian SSR, Biol. Sci. Ser., 4: 85-89.) Dosages of 1.2 x 108 and 2.4 x 108 Beauveria bassiana conidia per ml totally prevented production of adults from Culex apicalis and C. exilis larvae. Fresenius, G. (1856). Notiz, Insekten-Pilze betreffend. Bot. Ztg. 14: 882-883. Galli-Valerio, B. & Rochaz de Jongh, J. (1905-6). Uber die Wirkung von Aspergillus niger und A. glaucus auf die Larven von Culex und Anopheles. Zbl. Bakt., I. Abt. Orig., 38: 174- 177; 40: 630. Gol'berg, A. M. (1969). The finding of entomophthoraceous fungi on mosquitoes (Family Culicidae) and midges (Family Ceratopogonidae). Med. Parazitol. Parazit. Bolezni, 38(1): 21-23. (R, e). Entomophthora conglomerata and an unnamed Entomophthora sp. were found infecting Culex pipiens pipiens adults in filtration fields near Moscow. The maximum infection rate was 95% and it occurred in late July-early August. Gol'berg, A. M. (1970a). fExperimental infection of mosquitoes of the family Culicidae with Entomophthora. Communication I. Species specificity of the fungus Entomophthora spj7 Med. Parazitol. Parazit. Bolezni, 39(4): 472-478. Culex pipiens adults were frequently found infected by Entomophthora near Moscow. Experimental infection of the mosquitos was successful. After testing a number of mosquito species, including Aedes dorsalis, A. aegypti, Anopheles maculipennis messiae, A. m. atroparvus, the Entomophthora proved to be specific for Culex pipiens. Gol'berg, A. M. (1970b). Experimental infection of mosquitoes of the family Culicidae with Entomophthora. Communication II. Susceptibility to entomophthorosis of preimaginal stages and adults Culex pipiens L. mosquitoes. Med. Parazitol. Parazit. Bolezni, 39(6): 694-698. Conidia of Entomophthora sp. were used to experimentally infect Culex pipiens. Insects dying of entomophthorosis were capable of infecting healthy mosquitos for 6-7 days from onset of conidia elimination. Adults were found to be most susceptible with females dying more frequently (64.6-100%) than males (33.3-66.6%). Pupae (63.0-88.4%) and fourth instar larvae (24.6%) were also susceptible; however, younger instars could not be infected. From the artificially infected mosquitos, all stages of the fungus were obtained: hyphal bodies, conidia, and dormant spores. Gol'berg, A. M. (1973). Experimental infestation of mosquitoes of the family Culicidae with Entomophthora. III. Use of fungal cultures of the Entomophthoraceae family. Med. Parazitol. Parazit. Bolezni, 42(5): 616-618. 166 Culex pipiens molestus was experimentally exposed to cultures of Entomophthora sp., E. culis, and E. destruens. These cultures caused less than 10% adult mortality and did not adversely affect larval development, even though a previous study (Gol'berg, 1970b) established that Entomophthora sp. conidia from cadavers were infective. Hamlyn-Harris, R. (1932). Some further observations on Chara fragilis in relation to mos- quito breeding in Queensland. Ann trop. Med. Parasit., 26: 519-524. (Rev. appl. Ent. B, 21: 52.) Hasan, S. & Vago, C. (1972). The pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum to mosquito larvae. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 20: 268-271. Aedes detritus larvae naturally infected with F. oxysporum were collected from marshy areas in southern France. In the laboratory, A. detritus and Culex pipiens pipiens larvae were infected by conidia obtained from cultures and diseased bodies. More than 80% died, and injured or young larvae were the most susceptible. Spores germinated in the intestinal lumen and the mycelium invaded all tissues. Hati, A. K. & Ghosh, S. M. (1965). Aspergillus parasiticus infection in adult mosquitoes. Bull. Calcutta Sch. Trop. Med., 13(1): 18-19. Growth of a fungus was noticed from thorax to abdomen of 3 species of adult mosquitos (Culex gelidus, C. fatigans, and Anopheles subpictus) collected near Calcutta. From cultures, the fungus was identified and subcultures were used to infect C. fatigans. The symptoms produced were similar to those of the naturally infected mosquitos. Howard, L. 0. et al. (1912). The mosquitoes of North and Central America and the West Indies. Washington, Carnegie Inst., 1: 156-179. Il'chenko, L. Ya. (1968). The infection of the mosquito Culex pipiens L. with the parasitic fungus Entomophthora conglomerata Sorok in the vicinity of Novocherkassk. Med. Parazitol. Parazit. Bolezni, 37: 613-615. (In Russian, Eng. sum.) Adults and pupa C. pipiens were found infected with E. conglomerata from June to end of September in filtration fields, and other places with standing water. Although 15.6% of the females attacking near a reservoir were infected, no infected specimens were found in a village 700-8000 m away. Jettmar, H. M. von. (1947). Mikrobien als Feinde von StechmUckenlarven. Acta trop. (Basel), 4: 193-209. Kuno, G. (1973). Biological notes of Amoebidium parasiticum found in Puerto Rico. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 21: 1-8. Under optimum rearing conditions, A. parasiticum does not cause mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. However if starved, the mortality rate of infected larvae was sig- nificantly greater than the controls. Kupriyanova, E. S. (1966a). Entomophthora fungus parasitizing mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens L. complex. Zool. Zhur., 45(5): 675-678. (Russian, Eng. sum.) C. pipiens, breeding in filter beds of a sewage disposal system near Moscow, were found to be infected by E. conglomerata. The fungus infects mosquitos in adult stage or at the moment of eclosion from pupae. Healthy adults may become infected when they visit water bodies for oviposition. 167 Kupriyanova, E. S. (1966b). Parasitization of mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens L. complex by fungi of the order Entomophthorales. Unpublished World Health Organization document WHO/EBL/ 66.57, 10 pp. An epizootic caused by Entomophthora conglomerata was found in a population of C. pipiens along the edges of sewage filter beds near Moscow. About 40% of the recently emerged adults were infected. Infections were not observed beyond the imnediate vicinity of the larval habitat. Laird, M. (1959b). Parasites of Singapore mosquitoes, with particular reference to the significance of larval epibionts as an index of habitat pollution. Ecology, 40: 206-221. Lakon, G. (1919). Die Insektenfeinde aus der Familie der Entomophthoreen. BeitrHge zu einer Monographie der insektentUtenden Pilze. Z. angew. Ent., 5: 161-216. Laveran, A. (1902). De quelques parasites des culicides. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 54: 233-235. Leon, N. (1924). Action des ectoparasites sur les culicides. Ann. Parasit. hum. comp. 2: 211-213. (Rev. appl. Ent. B, 12: 143.) Lichtwardt, R. W. (1964). Axenic culture of two species of branched Trichomycetes. Am. J. Bot., 51: 836-842. Smittium culisetae was isolated from hind-guts of Culiseta impatiens larvae. It was grown on 10% brain-heart infusion. Liston, W. G. (1901). A year's experience of the habits of Anopheles in Ellickpur. Indian med. Gaz., 36: 361-366, 441-443. L6pez-Neyra, C. A. & Guardiola Mira, A. (1938). Protofitos parasitos de los mosquitos y sus larvas en Espa"na. Bol. Univ. Granada, 10: 105-114. (Rev. appl. Ent. B, 27: 96.) Lowe, R. E. & Kennel, E. W. (1972). Pathogenicity of the fungus Entomophthora coronata in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes taeniorhynchus. Mosq. News, 32(4): 614-620. Third instar larvae of C. p. quinquefasciatus were not susceptible to the fungus; however, it did grow in one 3rd instar A. taeniorhynchus. Pupae and adults of both species were also susceptible. Histological examination revealed the penetration of the insect cuticle by the fungal germ tubes. The fungus was detected in the connective tissue of an experimentally infected white mouse. Lowe, R. E. et al. (1968). Entomophthora coronata as a pathogen of mosquitoes. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 11: 506-507. Infected adult Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus mosquitos were found in a laboratory colony in Florida. One of the first signs of abnormality was a drastic reduction in egg pro- duction. Histopathological examinations revealed that the fungus had invaded all parts of the infected bodies. Macfie, J. W. S. (1917). Fungal infections of mosquito larvae. Rep. Accra Lab. (1916), 76-80. (Rev. appi. Ent. B, 6: 16.) Manier, J.-F. (1969). Trichomycetes de France. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Biol. Veg. Ser., 12, 10(4): 565-672. A list of insect hosts and Trichomycetes species is given. Thirteen species of mos- quitos were listed as hosts, infected mainly by Smittium culicis. 168 Manier, J.-F. et al. (1964). Presence en Tunisie de deux Trichomycetes parasites de larves de Culicides. Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis, 41: 147-152. Amoebidium parasiticum was observed on the larvae of Aedes detritus and Culex theileri. Smittium (= Rubetella) culicis was also found on C. theileri. Descriptions of the two fungi are given. Marchoux, E. et al. (1903). La fievre jaune. Rapport de la mission francaise. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 17: 665-731. Marshall, J. F. (1938). The British mosquitoes. London, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), 341 pp. Martini, E. (1920). Uber StechmUcken besonders deren europaische Arten und ihre Bekampfung. Arch. Schiffs-u. Tropenhyg., 24: 1-267. Mattingly, P. F. (1972a). Mosquito eggs. XVII. Further notes on egg parasitization in genus Armigeres. Mosq. Syst., 4: 1-8. Speculations as to the identity of parasites on the eggs of A. dentatus are made. (See Mattingly, 1972b.) Mattingly, P. F. (1972b). Mosquito eggs. XX. Egg parasitism in Anopheles with further notes on Armigeres. Mosq. Syst., 4: 84-86. The egg parasite previously described by this author has been recognized as a Lagenidiales, probably Lagenidium sp. McCray, E. M., jr (1973a). Laboratory studies on a new fungal pathogen of mosquitoes. Mosq. News, 33(1): 54-60. Motile zoospores of Lagenidium giganteum (see Umphlett, 1973) are normally ingested and probably enter the tissues of the mosquito larvae through the anterior portion of the digestive tract. Sporangial formation and larval death are usually simultaneous, occurring about 60 hours after infection. Larvae of several species of Aedes and Culex were susceptible but none of the Anopheles were. There was no loss of infectivity after passage through different host species. Younger larvae were more susceptible than older ones and no infected adults were found. McCray, E. M. et al. (1973b). Laboratory observations and field tests with Lagenidium against California mosquitoes. Proc. and Papers of 41st Ann. Conf. Calif. Mosq. Control Assoc., p. 123-128. Laboratory observations of the life cycle of L. giganteum revealed two modes of action. In a permanent body of water, the fungus produces asexual zoospores which are released from the infected larvae to infect other larvae and the cycle is repeated. In inter- mittently dry and flooded areas, the fungus goes through a sexual cycle and produces resting oospores which germinate when rewetted. Field tests in both types of locations resulted in dramatically reduced mosquito populations. No infections were found in 1400 other aquatic organisms from the treated sites. Molliard, M. (1918). Sur la vie saprophytique d'une Entomophthora (E. Henrici n. sp.). C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 167: 958-960. Morquer, R. (1933). Consid6rations biologiques sur les variations du Botrytis cinerea et specialement sur une nouvelle forme (forma theobaldiae) pathogene pour les Culicides. Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Toulouse, 65: 603-617. (Rev. appl. Ent. B, 22: 119.) 169 Novak, D. (1965). Zum Auftreten der Mykosen bei Stechmucken in Mahren (Diptera: Culicidae). Beitr. Entomol., 15: 135-137. (G, e) Adults of Culex pipiens infected by Entomophthora conglomerata (see Weiser and Batko, 1966) were collected in Czechoslovakia. The infected mosquitos occurred in damp cellars or similar places in southern Moravia. Infections occurred yearly in the same places but spread little. The mosquitos entered the cellars in the fall and nearly all died during the winter. C. annulata were not infected. Novak, D. (1967). Beobachtungen zur Verbreitung von Mykosen bei StechmUcken. Zeitschrift fUr Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, 18: 488-491. Mortality of overwintering Culex pipiens pipiens adults due to Entomophthora destruens was observed at irregular intervals for 6 years at two sites. Temperatures ranged from 1 to 200C and relative humidities from 45 to 100%. Infected specimens were collected during all seasons of the year. Infection levels, in most cases, were 50% or greater. Dead mosquitos were found on brick, wood, rubber, and iron substrates. Spores survived 6-7 months in cool, damp, humid environments. Heat, dryness, and fresh paint destroyed the fungus. Novak, D. (1971). Weiterer Beobactungen zur Verbreitung von Mykosen bei StechmUcken von Culex pipiens. Biologia (Bratisl.), 28(8): 643-645. (G, e, p) In two cellars in which mosquitos regularly overwintered, many were found to be infected by Entomophthora destruens (see Weiser & Batko, 1966). Mortality due to this fungus was greatest in the autumn months when as many as 85% died. Nowakowski, L. (1883). Entomophthorae, przyczynek do znajomsci pasozytnych grzbkow, sprawiajacych pomor owadow. Pam. Akad. Umiejet. Krakow., Wydz. mat.-nat., 8: 153-183. Oda, T. & Kuhlow, F. (1973). Beobactungen Uber Sterblichkeit und Follikelgrusse bei Culex pipiens pipiens L. im Verlauf der Uberwinterung. Z. Tropenmed. Parasitol., 24: 373-378. A high mortality rate from an unidentified fungus was observed in female mosquitos over- wintering in cellars. Many of the dead were covered with mould. Picard, F. (1914). Les Entomophthorees, leur parasitisme chez les insectes. Bull. Soc. Zool. agric., 13: 1-7, 25-30, 37-40, 62-65. Pinnock, D. E. et al. (1973). Beauveria tenella as a control agent for mosquito larvae. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 22: 143-147. B. brongniartii (= tenella) was isolated from naturally infected Aedes sierrensis mosquitos captured in California. Other species of Aedes, Culex, and Culiseta were also susceptible in laboratory tests. The mortality rate of A. sierrensis was not correlated to inoculation concentration, but correlations were observed in tests with other species. Mortality percentage was influenced by incubation temperature and early instars were the most susceptible stages. In field trials, significant reductions of emerging A. sierrensis adults (53-71% over controls) were observed in treated tree holes. Rioux, J. A. & Achard, F. (1956). Entomophytose mortelle a Saprolegnia diclina Humphrey 1892 dans un elevage d'Aedes berlandi Seguy 1921. Vie et Milieu, 7: 326-337. Roberts, D. W. (1967). Some effects of Metarrhizium anisopliae and its toxins on mosquito larvae. In Insect Pathology and Microbial Control (van der Laan, P. A., ed.) pp. 243-246. North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam. 170 Exposure to viable M. anisopliae conidia was fatal to several species of mosquitos. The fungus mycelium produces destruxins A and B in vitro. These compounds are also toxic to mosquito larvae. Roberts, D. W. (1970). Coelomomyces, Entomophthora, Beauveria, and Metarrhizium as parasites of mosquitoes. Misc. Publ. Entomol. Soc. Am., 7(1): 140-155. The use of fungi for mosquito control is discussed. Natural infections of Entomophthora occur in both larvae and adults and observations indicate that significant control can be achieved. Beauveria and Metarrhizium are not normally associated with mosquitos, so require repeated applications for use in control. Roberts, D. W. (1974). Fungal infections of mosquitoes, p. 143-193. In Aubin, A. et al. (ed.), Le controle des moustiques/Mosquito control. Univ. Quebec Press, Quebec. In this review paper, the host range, distribution, life cycle, and possibility as micro- bial control agents were discussed for fungal parasites, including Lagenidium, Ento- mophthora, Beauveria, and Metarrhizium. Roubaud, E. & Toumanoff, C. (1930). Essais d'infection exp6rimentale de larves de culicides par quelques champignons entomophytes. Bull. Soc. Path. exot., 23: 1025-1027. Sanders, R. D. (1972). Microbial mortality factors in Aedes sierrensis populations. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Control Assoc., 40: 66-68 Mosquitos infected with Beauveria brongniartii (= tenella) were found in 4 of 18 tree holes examined near Novato, California. Twenty-six to 91% of the larvae were infected. Schroter, J. (1889). Pilze. In Cohn, F., ed., Kryptogamen-flora von Schlesien, Breslau, Kern, 3: 217 Service, M. W. (19b9). Observations on the ecology of some British mosquitoes. Bull Entomol. Res., 59: 161-194. Overwintering Culex pipiens adults were infected by Cephalosporium sp. (possibly C. coccorum) and Entomophthora sp. near conglomerata. Mortality levels exceeded 50% in November and December. Infection was virtually non-existent in populations resting on ceilings, which were drier than walls. In 11 overwintering sites, infection occurred only in those with damp walls. Shcherban', Z. P. & Gol'berg, A. M. (1971). The pathogenic fungi Coelomycidium (Phycomycetes, Chytridiales) and Coelomomyces (Phycomycetes, Blastocladiales) in Culex and Aedes (Diptera, Culicidae) in Uzbekistan. Med. Parazitol. Parazit. Bolezni., 40(1): 110-111. Coelomycidium sp. infected 2.4% of Culex modestus and 3.4% of C. pipiens pipiens mos- quitos collected in the Fergana valley. In the laboratory infected females died within one week of taking a blood meal. Sorokin, N. (1877). Uber zwei neue Entomophthora-Arten. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen, 2: 387-398. Speer, A. J (1927). Compendium of the parasites of mosquitoes (Culicidae). Hyg. Lab. Bull. (Wash.), 146: 1-36. Steinhaus, E. A. (1949b). Principles of insect pathology. New York, McGraw-Hill, 757 pp. 171 Sweeney, A. W. (1975a). The insect pathogenic fungus Culicinomyces in mosquitoes and other hosts. Australian Jour. Zool., 23: 59-64. The host range of an Australian Culicinomyces sp. was examined by testing against aquatic insects, shrimp, and fish. Larval Culicidae (Anopheles annulipes, An. amictus hilli, Aedes australis and Culex pipiens fatigans), Chironomidae (Chironomus sp.), and Ceratopogonidae (Dasyhelea and Bezzia) were susceptible. Another dipteran, Psychodidae (Telmatoscopus albipunctatus) was not susceptible. Caddis-fly larvae (Trichoptera), dragonfly naiads (Zygoptera and Anisoptera), freshwater shrimp (Atyidae), and Gambusia fish were all nonsusceptible. Sweeney, A. W. (1975b). The mode of infection of the insect pathogenic fungus Culicinomyces in larvae of the mosquito Culex fatigans. Australian Jour. Zool., 23: 49-57. The initiation and development of infection by an Australian Culicinomyces sp. in Culex pipiens fatigans larvae was followed by dissection and by histology. The infection sites were the foregut and hindgut, and not the exterior integument. After death conidia were produced on the external surface of the cadaver by conidiophores which penetrated from the hemocoel. Sweeney, A. W. et al. (1973). A fungal pathogen for mosquito larvae with potential as a microbial insecticide. Search, 4(8): 344-345. (WHO/VBC/73.444, WHO/MAL/73.805.) A fungal parasite was isolated from Anopheles amictus hilli. It appears to be a new pathogen of aquatic Diptera, but it resembles the common terrestrial insect pathogenic fungus Metarrhizium anisopliae. Mosquito larvae of three genera (Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes) are susceptible to infection. Infection by ingestion is effective against mosquito larvae which feed non-selectively. Prolonged subculturing did not lead to loss of pathogenicity. Sweeney, A. W. & Panter, C. (1974). The pathogenicity of the fungus Culicinomyces to mosquito larvae in a natural field habitat. Unpublished World Health Organization document WHO/VBC/74.470, 2 pp. Spores of Culicinomyces sp. from Australia were introduced into two rock pools (6 and 40 litres, 106 and 105 spores/ml, respectively), which contained naturally occurring populations of Aedes rupestris. Infected larvae were collected daily for 6 days, at which time the pools were flushed by heavy rain. The percentage of larvae infected was not determined, but the experiment established that infection could occur in a natural mosquito habitat as well as in the laboratory. Teernstra-Eeken, M. H. & Engel, A. (1967). Notes on entomophthorous fungi on Heleomyzidae and Culicidae (Diptera). J. Invertebr. Pathol., 9, 431-432. Entomophthora spp. were found parasitizing a population of Culex pipiens which was overwintering in caves in the Netherlands. By the beginning of February 92-97% of the population was dead. Thaxter, R. (1888). The Entomophthoreae of the United States. Mem. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 4: 133-201. Tuzet, 0. & Manier, J. F. (1947). Orphella culici n. sp., entophyte parasite du rectum des larves de Culex hortensis Fclb. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 225: 264-265. Tuzet, 0. et al. (1961). Rubetella culicis (Tuzet et Manier, 1947), trichomycete rameux, parasite de l'ampoule rectale des larves de culicides (morphologie et sp6cificite). Viet et Milieu, 12: 167-187. 172 Umphlett, C. J. (1973). A note to identify certain isolate of Lagenidium which kills mos- quito larvae. Mycologia, 65(4): 970-972. The synonomy of L. giganteum and L. culicidum is demonstrated. The name is properly L. giganteum. Umphlett, C. J. & Huang, C. S. (1972). Experimental infection of mosquito larvae by a species of the aquatic fungus Lagenidium. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 20: 326-331. The susceptibility of Culex restuans to L. giganteum (Umphlett, 1973) was tested. At low dosages, younger larvae were most susceptible, but over 80% of the larvae of all ages died at high dosages. Umphlett, C. J. & McCray, E. M. jr (1975). A brief review of the involvements of Lagenidium, an aquatic fungus parasite, with arthropods. Marine Fisheries Review, 37: 61-64. Several species of Lagenidium have been reported as parasites of arthropods including mosquitos. L. giganteum has been shown to be a virulent pathogen of several species of mosquitos. However, more than 1400 acquatic non-target organisms (small crustaceans and insects) from sites where L. giganteum had been introduced were found not to be infected. It has also been shown not to be pathogenic to small mammals. Weiser, J. & Batko, A. (1966). A new parasite of Culex pipiens L. Entomophthora destruens sp. nov. (Phycomycetes, Entomophthoraceae). Folia Parasitol. (Praha), 13(2): 144-149. A fungus previously reported to cause heavy mortality in some localities among hiber- nating adult mosquitos in Czechoslovakia is described. It can be cultured on egg-yolk medium. (See Novak, 1965, and Weiser & Novak, 1964.) Weiser, J. & Novak, D. (1964). Auftreten vom Mykosen bei StechmUcken. Entomophaga Mem. Hors Ser., 2: 149-150. A fungus infection caused by Entomophthora destruens (Weiser & Batko, 1966) is common in overwintering populations of Culex pipiens in Czechoslovakia. More than 50% of natural shelters and basements are infected and a steadily increasing infection occurs in the hibernating population. Although present in the shelters, Culiseta Theobaldia sp. mosquitos are not infected. Williams, M. C. & Lichtwardt, R. A. (1972). Infection of Aedes aegypti larvae by axenic cultures of the fungal genus Smittium (Trichomycetes). Am. J. Bot., 59: 189-193 Spores produced by cultures isolated from various locations and dipteran hosts were fed to the mosquito larvae. Some host but no geographical specificity was found. This fungus apparently has little effect on larvae reared under optimum conditions.