Exploring the digital health landscape in the WHO European Region Digital health country profiles
Exploring the digital health landscape in the WHO European Region Digital health country profiles Abstract In the midst of a rapidly changing landscape in digital health, the health sector is experiencing a profound transformation marked by the growing integration of digital health technologies. This shift not only offers a multitude of benefits but also revolutionizes the dynamics between patients and health-care providers within the health-care system. This collection of country profiles – based on the 2022 Survey on Digital Health in the WHO European Region – explores the ways in which Member States are reshaping their health-care systems through the integration of digital health. The profiles indicate critical digital health components at the national level, including digital health governance, electronic health records, patient portals, telehealth, mobile health, and big data and analytics. Analysing these elements provides insights into how each Member State strategically navigates the swiftly evolving landscape of digital health. Keywords DIGITAL HEALTH; MOBILE HEALTH; TELEHEALTH; ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS; ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; HEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGE ISBN: 978-92-890-6099-8 (PDF) © World Health Organization 2024 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. 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Designed by: Pellegrini Contents Acknowledgments vi A guide to the country profiles 1 Background 1 Methodological considerations 2 Overview of country profiles 5 Introduction 5 Digital health foundations 5 Electronic health records (EHRs) 6 National digital health patient portals 6 Telehealth programmes 6 Mobile health (mHealth) services and programmes 7 Health-related mobile applications (apps) 7 Big data and advanced analytics for health 7 Summary of key findings 9 Country profiles 19 Albania 20 Andorra 24 Armenia 28 Austria 32 Azerbaijan 36 Belarus 40 Belgium 44 Bulgaria 48 Croatia 52 Cyprus | iii 56 zCzechia 60 Denmark 64 Estonia 68 Finland 72 France 76 Georgia 80 Germany 84 Greece 88 Hungary 92 Iceland 96 Ireland 100 Israel 104 Italy 108 Kazakhstan 112 Kyrgyzstan 116 Latvia 120 Lithuania 124 Luxembourg 128 Malta 132 Monaco 136 Montenegro 140 Netherlands (Kingdom of the) 144 North Macedonia 148 Norway 152 Poland 156 Portugal 160 Republic of Moldova 164 Romania 168 Russian Federation 172 San Marino 176 Serbia 180 Slovakia 184 Slovenia 188 Spain 192 iv | zSweden 196 Switzerland 200 Tajikistan 204 Türkiye 208 Turkmenistan 212 Ukraine 216 United Kingdom 220 Uzbekistan 224 | v Acknowledgements The WHO Regional Office for Europe would like to thank the Data and Digital Health Unit in the Division of Country Health Policies and Systems for its key role in the development of this report under the technical guidance of Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat (WHO Regional Office for Europe) and David Novillo Ortiz (WHO Regional Office for Europe), who also developed the concept for these country profiles. The digital health country profiles were written by Keyrellous Adib (WHO Regional Office for Europe) with design support from Elettra Ronchi (consultant to the WHO Regional Office for Europe) and data management support from Nagui Salama (consultant to the WHO Regional Office for Europe). Our sincere gratitude is extended to the nominated experts and survey participants whose expertise and unwavering commitment have been pivotal in the development of these country profiles. Their invaluable insights and contributions have played a crucial role in shaping the content and ensuring the accuracy and relevance of the information presented. For further information please contact the WHO Data and Digital Health Unit (EUDigitalHealth@who.int). | vivi | Abbreviations app application COVID-19 coronavirus disease EHRs Electronic health records mHealth mobile health | vii
The 2022 Survey on Digital Health in the WHO European Region (henceforth the WHO Regional Survey 2022) offers an overview of the current state of digital health, examining its development, governance frameworks and perceived barriers to widespread adoption. Conducted during the global recovery from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the survey delves into the uptake and use of digital solutions to support monitoring and surveillance and the provision of health services. Drawing upon the foundation of the third global survey on eHealth 2015,1 the WHO Regional Survey 2022 captures the dynamic digital health landscape, with the objective of gauging regional progress and contributing to the implementation of the regional digital health action plan. Additionally, the collected information aims to foster shared learning among Member States, help identify current barriers to digital health adoption, explore forward-looking digital health trends and steer the agenda for innovation in digital health in the Region. The report The ongoing journey to commitment and transformation: digital health in the WHO European Region 2023,2 derived from the same 2022 survey, provides an overview of the status of digital health at both regional and subregional levels, while this collection of country profiles aims to provide detailed insights at the national level. Introduction | 1 1 WHO Global Observatory for eHealth. Atlas of eHealth country profiles: the use of eHealth in support of universal health coverage: based on the findings of the third global survey on eHealth 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016 (https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/204523, accessed 24 November 2023). 2 The ongoing journey to commitment and transformation: digital health in the WHO European Region 2023. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2023 (https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/librariesprovider2/data-and-evidence/english- ddh-260823_7amcet.pdf?sfvrsn=4c674522_2&download=true, accessed 24 November 2023). Background A guide to the country profiles A guide to the country profiles The WHO Regional Survey 2022 is largely based on the third global survey on eHealth 2015,3 which was amended and updated to take account of recent progress and policy priorities. The 2022 survey was launched by the WHO Regional Office for Europe in April 2022 and was open for responses until October 2022. The information and questions were presented both in English and in Russian, and implemented in digital format, although it could be provided in paper format upon request. The survey consisted of 95 questions that covered different aspects related to the integration, regulation and implementation of digital health approaches. All Member States were formally invited to partake in this initiative, and each was recommended to nominate a national survey coordinator. The coordinators' roles were crucial in identifying relevant national digital health experts and ensuring their input was incorporated into the survey. A total of 53 WHO Member States – representing a 100% response rate – completed the survey. However, as some of the survey's questions were not mandatory, there was a range of response rates across different question areas. In some instances, Member States chose not to respond, or indicated that they didn't know or that the question wasn't applicable. For the analysis, these instances were excluded from the number of respondents on which percentages were computed. In this collection of country profiles, data from 523 Member States has been collectively agreed upon for publication. Methodological considerations 3 There is no profile for Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2 | Exploring the digital health landscape in the WHO European Region: digital health country profiles
Overview of country profiles Overview of the country profiles | 5 The data presented in the country profiles are categorized into seven digital health themes, offering readers a snapshot of digital health at national level for each specific theme. While these individual theme groupings provide insights, it is advised to consider responses to all themes collectively for a more comprehensive overview and to obtain a fuller understanding of the digital health landscape in 2022. The seven digital health themes are presented below. Introduction This section focuses on essential elements crucial for establishing an enabling environment for digital health. It covers key indicators on national digital health strategies or policies, regulatory frameworks, funding sources, digital health literacy and capacity-building, as well as the monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions. The data are presented based on individual country responses (yes, no, or don’t know), the regional “yes” response, which is the average “yes” response (expressed as a percentage), and the year of adoption for specific indicators, particularly in the case of national policies/strategies. In the digital health literacy and capacity-building subsection of each country profile, the individual country responses could be yes, no, under development or don’t know. Digital health foundations This section of each country profile offers an insight into the adoption status of EHRs within the country. It assesses whether a national or regional EHR system has been implemented and identifies connections with other systems. It also identifies the level of the health system where EHRs are in use (primary, secondary or tertiary) and outlines the EHR functionalities adopted in primary care practices. Data are presented through individual country responses and the regional “yes” response percentage. In addition, this section incorporates information on the electronic prescription of medications, specifying the percentage of prescriptions that are issued electronically. Electronic health records (EHRs) This section focuses on national digital health patient portals, which are online platforms that provide patients with secure and real-time access to their personal health records from any location with an internet connection. It offers National digital health patient portals a country-specific overview of national digital health portals and their functionalities. Data are presented through individual country responses and the regional “yes” response percentage. This section of the country profiles focuses on telehealth programmes, particularly the operation of five common telehealth programmes regionally, examining their maturity levels. The data are presented through individual country responses, offering insights into the presence and maturity of these programmes, as well as the regional “yes” response percentage. The maturity of telehealth services or programmes is categorized as: Telehealth programmes ▶ informal – early adoption of a telehealth service in the absence of formal processes and policies; ▶ pilot – testing and evaluating the use of a telehealth service in a given situation; or ▶ established – an ongoing telehealth service that has been conducted for a minimum of 2 years and is planned to continue for at least 2 more years. 6 | Exploring the digital health landscape in the WHO European Region: digital health country profiles This section provides a country-specific overview of mHealth activities. mHealth services and applications utilize the capabilities of smartphones, playing a transformative role in health care by enabling immediate access, Mobile health (mHealth) services and programmes fostering personal engagement, and streamlining remote health-care services. Each response comprised a country response and regional “yes” response percentage. This section of the country profile provides insights into health-related mobile apps, focusing on government-sponsored apps, health and wellness care apps, and those introduced during Health-related mobile applications (apps) the COVID-19 pandemic. Each country’s response is detailed, and a regional “yes” response percentage is provided. This section of the country profiles focuses on the adoption of policies or strategies by governments regarding the utilization of big data in the health sector, the governance of big data use in the private sector, and the extraction of data from EHR systems. It also explores elements such as Big data and advanced analytics for health standards and interoperability strategies, the responsible organizations or agencies, and the adoption of international terminology standards. Each country’s response is detailed, and the regional “yes” response percentage is provided. Overview of the country profiles | 7 The data of the country profiles is available at the WHO European Health Information Gateway4 4 WHO European Health Information Gateway. Digital Health. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024 (https://gateway.euro.who.int/en/datasets/digital-health/, accessed 16 April 2024). Summary of key findings Policies and strategies Country National digital health policy or strategy National health information system policy or strategy National telehealth policy or strategy Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy Overarching national data strategy Govern the use of big data in the health sector Interoperability strategy or policy Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan 8 | Exploring the digital health landscape in the WHO European Region: digital health country profiles Country National digital health policy or strategy National health information system policy or strategy National telehealth policy or strategy Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy Overarching national data strategy Govern the use of big data in the health sector Interoperability strategy or policy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands (Kingdom of the) North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Tajikistan Türkiye Turkmenistan Ukraine United Kingdom Uzbekistan Policies and strategies (contd) Yes No Don't know, missing or not applicable Under development Overview of the country profiles | Summary of key findings | 9 Country National EHR system Regional EHR system National digital health patient portal Electronic prescription of medications Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands (Kingdom of the) North Macedonia Norway Poland Digital health technologies: EHR systems and patient portals 10 | Exploring the digital health landscape in the WHO European Region: digital health country profiles Country National EHR system Regional EHR system National digital health patient portal Electronic prescription of medications Portugal Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Tajikistan Türkiye Turkmenistan Ukraine United Kingdom Uzbekistan Digital health technologies: EHR systems and patient portals (contd) Yes No Don't know, missing or not applicable Yes, but not used Overview of the country profiles | Summary of key findings | 11 Digital health technologies: telehealth Country Teledermatology Telepsychiatry Telepathology Telemedicine Teleradiology Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands (Kingdom of the) North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Republic of Moldova 12 | Exploring the digital health landscape in the WHO European Region: digital health country profiles Country Teledermatology Telepsychiatry Telepathology Telemedicine Teleradiology Romania Russian Federation San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Tajikistan Türkiye Turkmenistan Ukraine United Kingdom Uzbekistan Digital health technologies: telehealth (contd) Yes No Don't know, missing or not applicable Overview of the country profiles | Summary of key findings | 13 Country Health promotion Management of disasters and emergencies General public health announcements Feedback on health-care services Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands (Kingdom of the) North Macedonia Norway Digital health technologies: Government-sponsored mHealth apps 14 | Exploring the digital health landscape in the WHO European Region: digital health country profiles Country Health promotion Management of disasters and emergencies General public health announcements Feedback on health-care services Poland Portugal Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Tajikistan Türkiye Turkmenistan Ukraine United Kingdom Uzbekistan Digital health technologies: Government-sponsored mHealth apps (contd) Yes No Don't know, missing or not applicable Overview of the country profiles | Summary of key findings | 15 Country Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions Evaluation of telehealth programmes Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions, programmes and services 16 | Exploring the digital health landscape in the WHO European Region: digital health country profiles Country Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions Evaluation of telehealth programmes Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Tajikistan Türkiye Turkmenistan Ukraine United Kingdom Uzbekistan Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions, programmes and services (contd) Yes No Don't know, missing or not applicable Overview of the country profiles | Summary of key findings | 17
Digital health country profiles Digital health country profiles | 19 Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands (Kingdom of the) North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Tajikistan Türkiye Turkmenistan Ukraine United Kingdom Uzbekistan Albania Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 20 | Digital health country profiles | Albania Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 100% 2014 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Health facilities with EHR Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Albania | 21 Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Pilot Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Pilot mHealth services and programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% National digital health patient portal 22 | Digital health country profiles | Albania Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Health-related mobile apps Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Big data and advanced analytics for health Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Albania | 23 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Andorra Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2020 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% 2020 Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 24 | Digital health country profiles | Andorra Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 75% 2019 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Andorra | 25 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Established Telepathology 44% Established Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 26 | Digital health country profiles | Andorra Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Andorra | 27 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Armenia Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2017 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 28 | Digital health country profiles | Armenia Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 90% 2017 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 30% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Armenia | 29 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Informal Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 30 | Digital health country profiles | Austria Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Austria | 31 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Austria Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2012 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 32 | Digital health country profiles | Austria Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 95% 2012 Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Austria | 33 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Established Telepathology 44% Established Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 34 | Digital health country profiles | Austria Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Austria | 35 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Azerbaijan Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2016 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 36 | Digital health country profiles | Azerbaijan Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Azerbaijan | 37 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Pilot Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Pilot Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 38 | Digital health country profiles | Azerbaijan Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Azerbaijan | 39 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Belarus Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2018 National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2021 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy Under development 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 40 | Digital health country profiles | Belarus Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 20% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Belarus | 41 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Established Telepathology 44% Established Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 42 | Digital health country profiles | Belarus Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Belarus | 43 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Belgium Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2013 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 44 | Digital health country profiles | Belgium Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 90% 2013 Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 45% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Belgium | 45 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Pilot Teledermatology 52% Pilot Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Pilot Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 46 | Digital health country profiles | Belgium Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles |Belgium| 47 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Bulgaria Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2022 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 48 | Digital health country profiles | Bulgaria Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 2021 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Bulgaria| 49 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 50 | Digital health country profiles | Bulgaria Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Bulgaria | 51 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Croatia Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 52 | Digital health country profiles | Croatia Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 100% 2016 Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Croatia | 53 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 54 | Digital health country profiles | Croatia Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Croatia | 55 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Cyprus Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2019 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy Under development 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 56 | Digital health country profiles | Cyprus Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Cyprus | 57 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 58 | Digital health country profiles | Cyprus Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Cyprus | 59 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Czechia Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2016 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 60 | Digital health country profiles | Czechia Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 95% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Czechia | 61 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Pilot Telemedicine 77% Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 62 | Digital health country profiles | Czechia Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Czechia | 63 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Denmark Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2018 National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2018 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 64 | Digital health country profiles | Denmark Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Denmark | 65 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Pilot Teledermatology 52% Established Telepathology 44% Pilot Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 66 | Digital health country profiles | Denmark Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Denmark | 67 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Estonia Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2021 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 68 | Digital health country profiles | Estonia Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 100% 2008 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 99% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Estonia | 69 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 70 | Digital health country profiles | Estonia Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Estonia | 71 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Finland Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2014 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 72 | Digital health country profiles | Finland Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 100% 2010 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Finland | 73 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Pilot Teledermatology 52% Pilot Telepathology 44% Pilot Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 74 | Digital health country profiles | Finland Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Finland | 75 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health France Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2018 National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2018 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% 2018 Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 76 | Digital health country profiles | France Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 100% 2022 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | France | 77 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 78 | Digital health country profiles | France Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | France | 79 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Georgia Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy Under development 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 80 | Digital health country profiles | Georgia Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 92% 2019 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 91% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Georgia | 81 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Informal Teledermatology 52% Pilot Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Pilot Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 82 | Digital health country profiles | Georgia Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Georgia | 83 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Germany Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 84 | Digital health country profiles | Germany Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 2021 Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Germany | 85 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Established Telepathology 44% Established Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 86 | Digital health country profiles | Germany Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Germany | 87 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Greece Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 88 | Digital health country profiles | Greece Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 2021 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Greece | 89 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Established Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 90 | Digital health country profiles | Greece Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Greece | 91 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Hungary Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2021 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 92 | Digital health country profiles | Hungary Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 100% 2017 Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 97% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Hungary | 93 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Pilot Telepathology 44% Established Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 94 | Digital health country profiles | Hungary Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Hungary | 95 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Iceland Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2016 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% 2019 Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 96 | Digital health country profiles | Iceland Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 100% 2014 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Iceland | 97 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Pilot Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 98 | Digital health country profiles | Iceland Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Iceland | 99 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Ireland Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2013 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 100 | Digital health country profiles | Ireland Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Ireland | 101 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Pilot Telemedicine 77% Pilot Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 102 | Digital health country profiles | Ireland Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Ireland | 103 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Israel Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2017 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% 2012 Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 104 | Digital health country profiles | Israel Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Israel | 105 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Established Telepathology 44% Pilot Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 106 | Digital health country profiles | Israel Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Israel | 107 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Italy Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2016 National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2008 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% 2020 Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy Under development 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 108 | Digital health country profiles | Italy Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 57% 2015 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Italy | 109 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Pilot Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Pilot Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 110 | Digital health country profiles | Italy Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Italy | 111 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Kazakhstan Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2021 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy Under development 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 112 | Digital health country profiles | Kazakhstan Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 90% 2020 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Kazakhstan | 113 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 114 | Digital health country profiles | Kazakhstan Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking - 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Kazakhstan | 115 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Kyrgyzstan Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2022 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 116 | Digital health country profiles | Kyrgyzstan Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Kyrgyzstan | 117 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 118 | Digital health country profiles | Kyrgyzstan Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Kyrgyzstan | 119 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Latvia Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2014 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy Under development 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 120 | Digital health country profiles | Latvia Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 100% 2014 Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Latvia | 121 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Informal Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 122 | Digital health country profiles | Latvia Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Latvia | 123 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Lithuania Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2017 National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2015 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% 2020 Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 124 | Digital health country profiles | Lithuania Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 100% 2015 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Lithuania | 125 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Pilot Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 126 | Digital health country profiles | Lithuania Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Lithuania | 127 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Luxembourg Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 128 | Digital health country profiles | Luxembourg Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 100% 2019 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Luxembourg | 129 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Established Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Informal Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 130 | Digital health country profiles | Luxembourg Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Luxembourg | 131 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Malta Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 132 | Digital health country profiles | Malta Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Malta | 133 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Established Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Pilot Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 134 | Digital health country profiles | Malta Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Malta | 135 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Monaco Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 136 | Digital health country profiles | Monaco Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Monaco | 137 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Pilot Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 138 | Digital health country profiles | Monaco Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Monaco | 139 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Montenegro Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2018 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 140 | Digital health country profiles | Montenegro Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Montenegro | 141 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Pilot Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Informal Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 142 | Digital health country profiles | Montenegro Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Montenegro | 143 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2013 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 144 | Digital health country profiles | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 91% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 145 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Established Telepathology 44% Established Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 146 | Digital health country profiles | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 147 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health North Macedonia Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2013 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% Regulatory frameworks 148 | Digital health country profiles | North Macedonia National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 90% 2015 Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | North Macedonia | 149 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Informal Telemedicine 77% Pilot Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 150 | Digital health country profiles | North Macedonia Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | North Macedonia | 151 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Norway Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2017 National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2013 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 152 | Digital health country profiles | Norway Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 97% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Norway | 153 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Informal Teledermatology 52% Informal Telepathology 44% Established Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 154 | Digital health country profiles | Norway Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Norway | 155 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Poland Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy Under development 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 156 | Digital health country profiles | Poland Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 100% 2021 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 95% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Poland | 157 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Pilot Teledermatology 52% Pilot Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Pilot Telemedicine 77% Pilot Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 158 | Digital health country profiles | Poland Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Poland | 159 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Portugal Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2019 National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2019 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% 2020 Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 160 | Digital health country profiles | Portugal Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 100% 2012 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 99% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Portugal | 161 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Pilot Teledermatology 52% Pilot Telepathology 44% Informal Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 162 | Digital health country profiles | Portugal Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Portugal | 163 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Republic of Moldova Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 164 | Digital health country profiles | Republic of Moldova Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Republic of Moldova | 165 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 166 | Digital health country profiles | Republic of Moldova Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Republic of Moldova | 167 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Romania Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% Regulatory frameworks 168 | Digital health country profiles | Romania National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 40% 2014 Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Romania | 169 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Established Telepathology 44% Established Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 170 | Digital health country profiles | Romania Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Romania | 171 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Russian Federation Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2021 National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2021 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% 2017 Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 172 | Digital health country profiles | Russian Federation Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 91% 2011 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Russian Federation | 173 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Pilot Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Informal Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Pilot Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 174 | Digital health country profiles | Russian Federation Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Russian Federation | 175 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health San Marino Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2015 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 176 | Digital health country profiles | San Marino Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 100% 1992 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | San Marino | 177 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Pilot Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 178 | Digital health country profiles | San Marino Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | San Marino | 179 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Serbia Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2022 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy Under development 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 180 | Digital health country profiles | Serbia Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth Programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 90% 2022 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Serbia | 181 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 182 | Digital health country profiles | Serbia Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Serbia | 183 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Slovakia Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2018 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 184 | Digital health country profiles | Slovakia Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Slovakia | 185 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Informal Teledermatology 52% Informal Telepathology 44% Informal Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 186 | Digital health country profiles | Slovakia Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Slovakia | 187 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Slovenia Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 188 | Digital health country profiles | Slovenia Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 92% 2016 Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 95% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Slovenia | 189 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Informal Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 190 | Digital health country profiles | Slovenia Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Slovenia | 191 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Spain Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2021 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 192 | Digital health country profiles | Spain Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 100% 2006 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Spain | 193 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Established Telepathology 44% Informal Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Pilot Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 194 | Digital health country profiles | Spain Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Spain | 195 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Sweden Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2016 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 196 | Digital health country profiles | Sweden Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Sweden | 197 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Established Telepathology 44% Established Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Pilot Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 198 | Digital health country profiles | Sweden Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Sweden | 199 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Switzerland 200 | Digital health country profiles | Switzerland Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2018 National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2017 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 100% 2018 Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Switzerland | 201 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Established Telepathology 44% Established Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 202 | Digital health country profiles | Switzerland Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Switzerland | 203 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Tajikistan Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 204 | Digital health country profiles | Tajikistan Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 15% 2018 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Tajikistan | 205 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 206 | Digital health country profiles | Tajikistan Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Tajikistan | 207 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Türkiye Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2011 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% 2019 Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy Under development 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 208 | Digital health country profiles | Turkey Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 95% 2015 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 100% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Turkey | 209 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Established Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 210 | Digital health country profiles | Turkey Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Turkey | 211 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Turkmenistan Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2019 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 212 | Digital health country profiles | Turkmenistan Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 2011 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Turkmenistan | 213 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Established Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 214 | Digital health country profiles | Turkmenistan Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Turkmenistan | 215 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Ukraine Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2020 National health information system policy or strategy 79% 2020 National telehealth policy or strategy 78% 2022 Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy Under development 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 216 | Digital health country profiles | Ukraine Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% 95% 2019 Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 50% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Ukraine | 217 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Pilot Teledermatology 52% Pilot Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Pilot Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 218 | Digital health country profiles | Ukraine Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Ukraine | 219 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health United Kingdom Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% 2019 National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 220 | Digital health country profiles | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Regional EHR systems connected or federated at national level 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% 91% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 221 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Informal Teledermatology 52% Pilot Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Established Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 222 | Digital health country profiles | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Patient portal functionalities Country response Regional “yes” response Booking of medical appointments 53% Bring together relevant health-related information 78% Shared platform for communication 42% Patient can access their medical history and data 72% Provider access to patient’s clinical information 56% Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 223 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health Uzbekistan Country response Regional “yes” response Year adopted National digital health policy or strategy 83% National health information system policy or strategy 79% National telehealth policy or strategy 78% Funding sources for digital health Country response Regional “yes” response Public funding 100% Private or commercial funding 35% Donor/non- public funding 37% Public-private partnerships 39% Digital health literacy and capacity-building Country response Regional “yes” response Digital health education action plan, policy or strategy 52% Health professionals: in-service training in digital health 71% Health science students: certified training in digital health 60% Country response Regional “yes” response Protect the privacy of personally identifiable data 100% Protect the privacy of individuals’ health-related data held in electronic format in an EHR 91% Govern the sharing of digital data between health professionals and across care settings using an EHR 74% Allow individuals electronic access to their own health-related data when held in an EHR 86% Allow individuals to demand their own health-related data be corrected when held in an EHR if it is known to be inaccurate 83% Allow individuals to demand the deletion of health-related data from their EHR 43% Allow individuals to specify which health-related data from their EHR can be shared with health professionals of their choice 65% Govern the secure identification of patients and health-care providers 89% 224 | Digital health country profiles | Uzbekistan Regulatory frameworks National digital health governance frameworks (Standalone or included in overall national health policy or strategy) Digital health foundations Country response Regional “yes” response Government agency or organization responsible for national monitoring 77% Government agency or organization responsible for regional monitoring 19% Developed guidance for evaluating digital health interventions 49% Evaluation of telehealth programmes 37% Evaluation of mHealth service or programmes 15% Monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions EHRs Country response Regional “yes” response Percentage of health-care institutions linked/able to access the national EHR system Year first introduced National EHR system 67% Regional EHR system 69% Country response (used routinely or occasionally) Regional “yes” response (used routinely or occasionally) Percentage of prescriptions issued electronically Electronic prescription of medications 90% Sharing of clinical/patient medical information with other health professionals 86% Receive clinical/patient medical information securely from other professionals 84% Receive summary of the care received during a hospitalization upon discharge (such as discharge summary) 86% Receive patient summaries 71% Send order/request for lab test 84% Receive lab test results 92% Primary practice EHR functionalities Digital health country profiles | Uzbekistan | 225 Country response (used routinely) Regional “yes” response (used routinely) Primary care facilities (e.g. clinics and health- care centres) 84% Secondary care facilities (e.g. hospitals and emergency care) 78% Tertiary care facilities (e.g. specialized care and referral from primary/secondary care) 69% Health facilities with EHR Country response Regional “yes” response Maturity of programme Teleradiology 84% Teledermatology 52% Telepathology 44% Telepsychiatry 51% Telemedicine 77% Country response Regional “yes” response Appointment reminders 80% Mobile teleconsultation 81% Patient monitoring 63% Treatment adherence 51% Accessing/providing health services Accessing/providing health information Country response Regional “yes” response Access to electronic patient information 76% Health promotion 63% Surveillance 49% 226 | Digital health country profiles | Uzbekistan Country response Regional “yes” response National digital health patient portal 71% mHealth services and programmes National digital health patient portal Telehealth programmes Country response Regional “yes” response Health promotion 45% General public health announcements 26% Management of disasters and emergencies 30% Feedback on health-care services 15% Government-sponsored apps: accessing/providing health-related services mHealth apps evaluated and approved: supporting/providing health and wellness care Country response Regional “yes” response Mindfulness and mental health 12% Diet and nutrition 9% Exercise and fitness 12% Women’s health 7% Mobile apps introduced during COVID-19 Country response Regional “yes” response COVID-19 symptom checking 30% COVID-19 contact-tracing or proximity-tracing 64% Booking COVID-19 testing 38% Booking COVID-19 vaccination 55% Booking care provider consultation 32% Country response Regional “yes” response Overarching national data strategy 60% Governs the use of big data in the health sector 35% Governs the use of big data in the private sector 32% Governs data extraction from EHR systems for regional/local or national registries and databases 71% Policy or strategy: purpose Standards and interoperability Country response Regional “yes” response Interoperability strategy or policy 56% Responsible national organization or agency 71% Adoption of international terminology standards 96% Indicates question was unanswered or with the response “Don’t know” or “Not applicable” Digital health country profiles | Uzbekistan | 227 Legend No Yes Disclaimer: The information presented in this country profile was collected between April and October 2022. Therefore, any recent advancements or changes in the respective countries beyond this date may not be reflected in this profile. Health-related mobile apps Big data and advanced analytics for health
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