Core health indicators in the WHO European Region 2017: special focus: 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda

Core Health Indicators in the WHO European Region Special focus: 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda Preface I am pleased to present the sixth edition of a key annual publication for the WHO Regional Office for Europe: Core health indicators in the WHO European Region 2017. Core health indicators provide a good barometer for monitoring progress towards the achievement of Health 2020 targets in the 53 Member States of the WHO European Region and at the Regional level. The publication includes information on key health domains such as health status, determinants of health, risk factors, health systems resources and service utilization. The information is derived from data regularly submitted to WHO by national health and statistical authorities and other international agencies, under the umbrella of the European Health Information Initiative, a multi-member initiative of 34 partners, mostly Member States. This publication shows the diversity and magnitude of public health issues and challenges in the Region. From its inception in 2012 to the 2017 release, Core health indicators demonstrates each year that the Health 2020 policy framework is shaping national health policies in the Region and improving the well-being of the European population. The Region can be proud of the significant achievements observed in various health areas, including the increase in life expectancy and the reduction of premature mortality from major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). However, important challenges remain, especially the high levels of alcohol consumption and tobacco use as well as the rising levels of overweight and obesity in the population. This sixth edition of Core health indicators coincides with the adoption of the WHO European Roadmap to implement 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which focuses on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), making them the natural special theme for the year. I am also delighted to note that the Regional Office has consulted on and proposed an approach to reduce the burden of reporting on Member States to develop a joint monitoring framework which would ease reporting of indicators and themes that are aligned across the Health 2020, SDG and NCD frameworks. Even the most developed of countries can only report on half of SDG indicators and about a third of targets. But more than 75% of Health 2020 indicators could be mapped with one or more SDG indicators or themes. This is not only offering an opportunity for a joint monitoring framework, it is also showing that Health 2020 was truly ahead of its time. This alignment is also reflected in this publication using a colour coding system (described below). SDGs therefore offer a golden opportunity to promote intersectoral action, accelerate the implementation of the Health 2020 priorities and inform the policy- making processes in the Region. Finally, based mostly on 2014 and 2015 data, the publication presents selected graphs and maps on key SDG-related topics relevant for the European Region, such as inequalities, universal health coverage, risk factors and NCDs. I am delighted to present this publication and look forward to continuing collaboration with Member States and all partners to support the generation and use of high- quality evidence for monitoring progress towards the implementation of the Health 2020 and SDG policies and targets. Zsuzsanna Jakab WHO Regional Director for Europe COLOUR CODING FOR INDICATORS (FOR TABLES) SDG only SDG and Health 2020 Health 2020 only 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Health 2020 SDG 4 SDG 6 SDG 8 Mid-year population (thousands) Population aged ≥ 65 years (% of total) Total fertility rate Natural population growth per 1000 Urban population (% of total) % of population with secondary education only, aged 25+ years % of population with access to improved sanitation facilities Real GDP, PPP$ per capita Annual growth rate of GDP (%) Country 2016 2015 2015 2015 2012** 2015 2015 2016 2016 Albania 2 904 12.6 1.8 d 6.3 d 51.9 74.3 d 93.2 11 929 3.5 Andorra 69 — 1.1 c — 88.0 40.1 100.0 — -0.1 c Armenia 3 026 10.8 1.7 b 5.1 b 64.2 46.7 89.5 8 818 0.2 Austria 8 570 18.4 b 1.5 b 0.4 b 67.6 70.9 100.0 50 078 1.5 Azerbaijan 9 868 7.0 d 2.1 11.8 d 51.9 65.6 89.3 17 253 -3.1 Belarus 9 482 14.1 b 1.7 b -0.4 b 74.7 27.7 d 94.3 18 060 -2.7 Belgium 11 372 17.9 b 1.7 b 1.8 b 97.4 51.1 99.5 46 383 1.2 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 802 15.8 b 1.2 c -1.5 b 48.6 68.4 94.8 12 075 2.0 Bulgaria 7 098 19.8 b 1.5 b -5.2 c 71.5 70.3 86.0 19 199 3.4 Croatia 4 225 19.0 1.5 b -2.7 b 57.7 70.8 d 97.0 23 596 2.9 Cyprus 853 14.6 b 1.3 b 4.4 b 70.3 41.7 100.0 32 580 2.8 Czechia 10 548 18.1 1.5 b 0.4 b 73.5 80.3 99.1 34 711 2.4 Denmark 5 691 18.5 b 1.7 1.1 b 86.9 56.3 99.6 49 696 1.3 Estonia 1 309 18.6 b 1.5 b -1.5 b 69.5 — 97.2 29 365 1.6 Finland 5 524 19.7 b 1.7 0.8 b 85.1 65.2 b 97.6 43 053 1.4 France 64 668 18.0 c 2.0 b 3.5 c 85.3 52.6 98.7 41 466 1.2 Georgia 3 727 13.9 b 2.2 b 1.9 b 52.8 50.2 b 86.3 9 997 2.7 Germany 80 682 20.9 b 1.5 b -1.9 b 73.9 62.2 99.2 48 730 1.9 Greece 10 919 20.7 b 1.3 d -1.5 d 61.4 38.7 99.0 26 783 0.0 Hungary 9 821 18.1 1.4 b -3.6 b 68.1 68.0 98.0 26 681 2.0 Iceland 332 13.7 1.9 b 7.1 b 93.4 — 98.8 51 399 7.2 Ireland 4 714 12.4 c 2.0 b 8.6 c 61.9 43.5 d 90.5 68 883 5.2 Israel 8 192 10.8 b 3.1 b 17.0 b 91.9 42.1 100.0 37 901 4.0 Italy 59 801 21.0 d 1.4 c -1.4 d 68.4 63.5 99.5 38 161 0.9 Kazakhstan 17 855 6.9 2.7 15.2 58.5 40.7 d 97.5 25 264 1.0 Kyrgyzstan 6 034 4.4 3.2 21.6 34.6 68.8 d 93.3 3 551 3.8 Latvia 1 956 19.2 b 1.6 b -3.2 b 67.7 62.0 87.8 26 031 2.0 Lithuania 2 850 18.9 1.6 b -3.3 b 67.0 41.7 92.4 29 966 2.3 Luxembourg 576 14.1b 1.5 4.3 b 85.2 50.4 d 97.6 105 882 4.2 Malta 420 18.2 b 1.4 b 2.4 b 94.7 53.5 100.0 37 899 5.0 Monaco 38 — 2.3 — 100.0 — 100.0 — 10.0 d Montenegro 626 12.9 d 1.8 b 4.4 d 61.5 69.7 d 95.9 16 854 2.5 Netherlands 16 980 18.0 1.7 b 2.1 b 82.9 57.5 97.7 50 898 2.1 Norway 5 272 16.0 b 1.7 3.6 b 79.4 59.0 98.1 59 302 1.1 Poland 38 593 15.2 b 1.3 b -0.2 b 61.0 56.7 b 97.2 27 811 2.7 Portugal 10 304 19.6 c 1.2 b -2.3 c 60.7 34.0 99.7 30 624 1.4 Republic of Moldova 4 063 10.5 1.3 b -0.3 b 47.0 63.3 76.4 5 334 4.1 Romania 19 373 15.5 1.2 b -1.5 b 57.5 71.7 79.1 23 626 4.8 Russian Federation 143 440 12.7 d — -0.9 d 73.2 30.8 d 72.2 23 163 -0.2 San Marino 32 18.9 1.4 2.7 94.1 — — — 1.9 d Serbia 7 132 18.7 1.4 b -4.9 b 56.1 66.9 96.4 14 512 2.8 Slovakia 5 429 13.8 b 1.4 c 0.7 b 55.0 78.6 98.8 30 632 3.3 Slovenia 2 069 18.2 1.6 b 0.9 b 49.5 72.0 99.1 32 885 2.5 Spain 46 065 18.3 b 1.3 b 0.7 b 77.4 45.5 99.9 36 310 3.2 Sweden 9 852 19.5 1.9 b 2.3 84.7 51.9 99.3 49 175 3.2 Switzerland 8 379 17.5 c 1.5 b 2.2 c 73.6 59.9 99.9 62 881 1.3 Tajikistan 8 669 — 3.0 b — 26.3 — 95.0 2 980 6.9 MKD* 2 081 12.2 c 1.5 1.9 c 59.3 — 90.9 15 121 2.4 Turkey 79 622 7.6 c 2.1 c 12.2 c 69.7 36.1 94.9 24 244 2.9 Turkmenistan 5 439 3.8 d — 24.8 d 49.5 — — 16 880 6.2 Ukraine 44 624 15.5 b 1.5 c -4.4 b 68.8 — 95.9 8 272 2.3 United Kingdom 65 111 17.4 c — 3.2 c 79.6 50.5 b 99.2 42 609 1.8 Uzbekistan 30 300 4.0 b 2.5 b 19.5 b 36.3 44.6 100.0 6 514 7.8 WHO European Region 910 383 15.1 b 1.7 b 2.6 b 70.2 50.0 92.9 31 024 1.9 * The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) abbreviation for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ** Latest available data GDP = gross domestic product — = no data available PPP = purchasing power parity Note: a = 2016, b = 2014, c = 2013, d = 2012–2007 Demographic and socioeconomic context Health status: mortality indicators 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Health 2020 Health 2020 Health 2020 SDG 3 SDG 16 SDG 3 Life expectancy at birth (years) Healthy life years at birth Infant deaths per 1000 live births Neonatal mortality rate per 1000 live births Mortality rates from homicides and assaults per 100 000 population Mortality rates from suicide and intentional self-harm per 100 000 population Both sexes Males Females Country 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 Albania 79.6 d 77.5 d 81.9 d 68.8 5.5 d 2.4 d 0.0 d 0.0 d Andorra — — — — — — — — Armenia 75.2 b 71.9 b 78.3 b 66.9 8.7 b — 1.1 b 1.8 b Austria 81.8 b 79.3 b 84.2 b 72.0 3.1 b 2.3 b 0.4 b 12.6 b Azerbaijan 73.8 d 71.3 d 76.3 d 64.7 9.8 d 6.0 d 0.3 d 0.7 d Belarus 73.4 b 67.9 b 78.7 b 65.2 3.5 b — 3.5 b 16.6 b Belgium 81.5 b 78.9 b 84.0 b 71.1 3.4 b 2.3 b 1.0 c 15.3 c Bosnia and Herzegovina 77.5 b 75.2 b 79.8 b 68.6 5.2 b 4.7 b 1.1 b 7.2 b Bulgaria 75.0 c 71.4 c 78.7 c 66.4 7.3 c 4.2 c 1.1 c 8.0 c Croatia 77.5 74.4 80.6 69.4 5.0 b 3.8 b 0.8 b 14.0 b Cyprus 82.4 b 80.3 b 84.4 b 71.3 2.1 b 1.5 b 1.3 c 4.9 c Czechia 78.8 75.8 81.7 69.4 2.4 b 1.6 b 0.7 b 12.5 b Denmark 81.0 b 79.0 b 83.0 b 71.2 4.0 b 2.4 d 0.3 d 10.5 d Estonia 77.5 b 72.4 b 82.1 b 69.0 2.4 b 1.5 b 3.0 b 16.3 b Finland 81.4 b 78.4 b 84.2 b 71.0 2.2 b 1.4 b 1.5 b 13.6 b France 82.6 c 79.3 c 85.8 c 72.6 3.4 c 2.4 c 0.6 c 13.3 c Georgia 73.1 b 68.8 b 77.3 b 66.4 9.5 b 6.5 b 2.1 b 4.6 b Germany 81.3 b 78.8 b 83.7 b 71.3 3.2 b 2.3 b 0.4 b 9.9 b Greece 81.6 b 78.9 b 84.3 b 71.9 2.9 d 1.9 d 1.4 d 4.0 d Hungary 76.0 72.4 79.4 67.4 4.6 b 2.9 b 0.8 b 16.5 b Iceland 82.7 81.4 83.9 72.7 2.1 b 1.6 b 0.3 d 11.5 d Ireland 81.1 c 79.0 c 83.2 c 71.5 3.6 c 2.6 d 0.6 c 10.7 c Israel 82.8 b 80.8 b 84.6 b 72.8 3.1 b 2.1 b 1.7 c 5.1 c Italy 82.4 d 79.8 d 84.8 d 72.8 3.2 d 2.3 d 0.7 d 5.9 d Kazakhstan 72.0 67.5 76.4 63.3 9.4 5.6 6.4 17.4 a Kyrgyzstan 71.8 68.0 75.5 63.9 18.0 14.0 4.7 c 8.6 c Latvia 74.8 b 69.5 b 79.7 b 67.1 3.8 b 2.8 b 6.4 b 17.2 b Lithuania 74.6 69.2 79.8 66.1 3.9 b 2.5 b 3.7 b 28.3 b Luxembourg 83.0 b 80.3 b 85.7 b 71.8 2.0 b 1.5 b 0.7 b 11.1 b Malta 82.2 b 80.0 b 84.4 b 71.7 5.0 b 3.8 b 0.8 b 7.2 b Monaco — — — — — — — — Montenegro 75.6 d 73.3 d 78.0 d 68.0 5.8 d 4.1 d 2.0 d 16.3 d Netherlands 81.7 80.0 83.4 72.2 3.6 b 2.7 b 0.8 c 10.1 c Norway 82.3 b 80.3 b 84.3 b 72.0 2.4 b 1.8 b 0.6 b 10.2 b Poland 77.9 b 73.8 b 81.9 b 68.7 4.2 b 2.9 b 0.8 b 14.3 b Portugal 81.0 c 77.6 c 84.1 c 71.4 2.9 b 2.1 b 0.9 c 7.8 c Republic of Moldova 71.7 67.6 75.7 64.9 9.6 b 6.2 b 5.0 b 15.6 b Romania 75.7 72.3 79.2 66.8 8.4 b 5.0 b 1.5 b 8.9 b Russian Federation 70.0 d 64.2 d 75.8 d 63.4 7.3 d — 10.7 d 19.8 d San Marino — — — — — — — — Serbia 75.4 72.8 77.9 67.7 5.7 b 4.3 b 1.5 b 12.4 b Slovakia 77.1 b 73.4 b 80.6 b 68.1 5.8 b 3.3 b 0.8 b 9.1 b Slovenia 81.0 77.9 84.0 71.1 1.9 b 1.4 b 0.4 d 17.2 d Spain 83.4 b 80.4 b 86.3 b 72.4 2.9 b 2.1 b 0.6 b 7.0 b Sweden 82.2 80.3 84.1 72.0 2.5 1.7 0.8 b 10.8 b Switzerland 83.1 c 80.8 c 85.2 c 73.1 3.9 c 3.2 c 0.5 c 11.3 c Tajikistan — — — 62.1 — — — — MKD* 75.5 c 73.5 c 77.6 c 67.5 10.2 c 7.7 c 2.1 d 5.7 d Turkey 78.9 c 76.1 c 81.7 c 66.2 10.1 c 6.4 c 1.7 c 2.5 c Turkmenistan 71.2 d 68.3 d 74.1 d 59.8 22.1 b — 1.7 d 2.4 d Ukraine 71.4 b 66.3 b 76.5 b 64.1 7.9 b — 6.1 b 16.6 b United Kingdom 81.2 c 79.3 c 83.0 c 71.4 3.9 c 2.7 c 0.3 d 6.8 d Uzbekistan 73.5 b 71.2 b 75.9 b 62.4 10.7 b — 1.5 b 6.8 b WHO European Region 77.7 b 74.4 b 81.0 b 68.3 6.7 b 4.5 b 2.9 c 11.2 c — = no data available* The ISO abbreviation for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Health 2020 SDG 3 Age-standardized death rates per 100 000 population Ill defined** causes of death (%) All-cause mortality Malignant neoplasms Circulatory system Digestive system Diseases of the respiratory system External causes of injury and poisoning Motor vehicle accidents 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 Country 602.5 d 91.0 d 353.2 d 10.6 d 18.4 d 31.8 d 0.0 d 10.5 d Albania — — — — — — — — Andorra 884.0 195.4 400.7 52.2 67.3 43.7 10.3 2.6 b Armenia 511.3 b 150.9 b 187.5 b 20.9 b 23.3 b 34.7 b 4.1 b 2.6 b Austria 940.4 d 87.4 d 551.6 d 60.4 d 55.9 d 28.6 d 1.0 d 8.3 d Azerbaijan 971.4 b 147.4 b 522.2 b 34.4 b 16.1 b 92.5 b — 12.1 b Belarus 522.2 b 152.9 b 132.7 b 23.5 b 45.6 b 42.9 b 5.4 b 5.5 c Belgium 753.3 b 156.3 b 378.3 b 19.4 b 27.1 b 24.3 b 3.6 b 8.2 b Bosnia and Herzegovina 883.9 с 164.7 c 541.1 c 34.3 c 30.9 c 31.7 c 5.5 c 3.2 c Bulgaria 749.4 207.5 330.7 32.5 34.3 48.1 8.5 0.8 b Croatia 485.9 b 118.9 b 166.2 b 18.3 b 36.5 b 28.9 b 5.6 b 2.8 c Cyprus 673.4 170.0 291.2 31.4 44.1 43.1 5.8 1.2 b Czechia 551.5 b 175.5 b 121.6 b 25.3 b 55.2 b 27.6 b 2.9 b 7.3 d Denmark 714.2 b 184.2 b 338.2 b 32.5 b 25.9 b 66.2 b 6.0 b 2.0 b Estonia 529.2 b 129.4 b 181.8 b 30.2 b 18.1 b 48.6 b 3.6 b 1.3 b Finland 476.0 с 152.4 с 101.5 c 20.7 c 26.6 c 38.4 c 4.3 c 10.1 c France 984.4 b 122.7 b 386.1 b 29.4 b 27.4 b 46.4 b 13.6 b 29.4 b Georgia 537.5 b 153.6 b 186.3 b 26.3 b 34.1 b 27.6 b 3.3 b 3.0 b Germany 517.6 b 153.5 b 188.0 b 15.7 b 49.4 b 25.6 b 8.2 b 11.3 d Greece 823.1 229.6 376.1 46.4 44.7 48.2 6.0 0.1 b Hungary 469.7 141.8 150.3 16.6 32.4 35.5 3.4 0.8 d Iceland 540.7 с 169.5 с 167.1 c 20.1 c 60.3 c 31.3 c 3.5 c 0.4 c Ireland 466.3 b 133.5 b 104.6 b 15.3 b 35.6 b 20.9 b 3.8 b 5.9 c Israel 483.2 d 155.6 d 159.0 d 19.3 d 29.4 d 24.5 d 5.8 d 1.8 d Italy 1 041.8 125.3 281.4 100.1 157.5 88.5 14.2 5.0 Kazakhstan 1 044.3 120.4 635.1 63.3 54.4 62.6 18.1 2.0 c Kyrgyzstan 865.9 b 191.7 b 447.5 b 35.2 b 22.9 b 81.8 b 10.1 b 1.4 b Latvia 871.3 186.8 431.9 51.6 28.6 95.1 8.3 1.4 b Lithuania 463.6 b 148.9 b 134.2 b 22.5 b 30.3 b 34.4 b 4.8 b 2.5 b Luxembourg 487.2 b 141.0 b 174.7 b 16.5 b 43.1 b 20.0 b 2.3 b 0.6 b Malta — — — — — — — — Monaco 846.1 d 128.7 d 461.6 d 20.6 d 38.7 d 35.2 d 7.2 d 14.2 d Montenegro 517.1 168.8 128.8 16.0 41.7 29.2 2.7 4.0 c Netherlands 487.3 b 146.9 b 128.1 b 14.8 b 42.2 b 37.4 b 2.7 b 5.6 b Norway 698.6 b 187.0 b 292.4 b 30.9 b 35.9 b 48.5 b 6.8 b 7.4 b Poland 546.9 c 151.2 c 143.9 c 25.6 c 55.4 c 28.3 c 5.9 c 6.2 b Portugal 1 095.2 165.2 631.0 102.2 50.5 74.2 9.0 0.6 b Republic of Moldova 835.4 176.4 455.7 51.2 50.5 39.4 8.2 1.5 b Romania 1 134.0 d 173.4 d 613.3 d 54.8 d 44.7 d 126.8 d — 5.1 d Russian Federation — — — — — — — — San Marino 895.8 198.0 444.1 30.2 46.8 33.4 4.7 4.7 b Serbia 753.2 b 201.8 b 323.2 b 44.2 b 39.4 b 50.5 b 5.3 b 2.2 b Slovakia 552.3 185.1 197.8 25.9 31.6 47.6 5.6 1.5 d Slovenia 447.8 b 143.1 b 119.2 b 22.6 b 43.0 b 22.1 b 3.6 b 2.1 b Spain 491.9 135.9 156.7 16.6 32.2 38.0 2.4 3.3 b Sweden 452.9 c 132.3 c 133.4 c 17.9 c 26.8 c 32.1 c 2.7 c 3.9 c Switzerland — — — — — — — — Tajikistan 894.4 c 160.1 c 522.8 c 17.5 c 31.1 c 25.6 c 6.5 c 6.5 d MKD* 635.6 c 132.0 c 262.3 c 17.0 c 64.1 c 28.9 c 9.3 c 2.2 c Turkey 1 049.4 d 92.3 d 636.8 d 62.5 d 28.5 d 28.1 d — 12.2 d Turkmenistan 1 076.6 b 153.0 b 673.7 b 50.1 b 26.8 b 85.4 b — 2.3 b Ukraine 536.9 c 165.8 c 140.7 c 28.8 c 70.1 c 27.6 c 2.3 c 2.0 c United Kingdom 955.4 b 72.0 b 666.0 b 48.0 b 35.8 b 33.2 b 8.9 b 1.5 b Uzbekistan 728.8 b 153.8 b 327.1 b 34.6 b 44.0 b 52.1 b 8.5 b 4.2 b WHO European Region ** See technical notes for more information Note: a = 2016, b = 2014, c = 2013, d = 2012–2007 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Health 2020 SDG 3 SDG 3 Incidence per 100 000 Cancer incidence per 100 000 % of infants vaccinated against rubella Inpatient care HIV TB All forms Female breast Prostate Acute care hospital discharges per 100 population Average length of stay (days) Country 2014 2015 2015 2015 2015 2016 2015 2015 Albania 2.7 14.4 96.1 d 30.8 c 13.0 d 96 — 5.5 c Andorra 4.1 5.7 — — — 97 10.6 c — Armenia 11.0 36.1 186.4 b 76.3 b 22.6 b 97 12.9 b 7.5 b Austria 2.8 6.6 154.9 b 127.9 d 17.6 b 95 24.6 b 8.2 b Azerbaijan 6.3 56.5 87.6 d 35.0 4.8 d 98 6.3 10.5 Belarus 19.1 39.7 149.7 b 80.3 b 19.3 b 98 — 11.0 b Belgium 9.3 8.2 164.1 c 188.3 c 17.1 c 96 16.3 c 7.8 c Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.7 c 28.7 157.4 b 37.5 b 18.7 b 67 — 7.5 b Bulgaria 3.4 22.6 166.1 c 93.8 b 19.0 c 92 — 5.4 b Croatia 2.2 11.4 211.8 b 116.1 c 26.4 b 90 15.9 b 8.8 b Cyprus 6.6 7.4 123.8 c 114.9 d 19.6 c 90 7.8 b 6.4 b Czechia 2.2 4.8 178.3 b 132.6 c 23.3 b 98 19.4 b 9.4 b Denmark 4.5 5.6 188.9 d 166.2 b 29.4 d 94 13.1 d 4.3 c Estonia 22.1 15.7 187.6 b 103.5 c 36.5 b 93 15.5 b 7.6 b Finland 3.3 4.9 132.6 b 179.9 b 20.7 b 95 16.4 b 10.6 b France 6.8 7.0 158.0 c 163.4 16.8 c 91 16.3 c 10.1 c Georgia 13.3 84.6 128.4 b 47.9 b 12.6 b 93 7.2 d 5.2 b Germany 4.4 7.0 157.7 b 167.0 d 19.8 b 97 23.7 b 9.0 b Greece 6.5 4.0 152.8 d — 15.2 d 97 19.3 d 6.8 d Hungary 2.7 8.7 233.3 b 152.7 b 21.7 b 99 17.6 b 9.5 b Iceland 3.4 2.1 159.8 d 122.1 c 29.8 d 91 11.7 b 6.1 b Ireland 7.7 6.4 173.8 c 128.0 c 21.3 c 92 13.9 b 6.0 b Israel 6.0 3.5 137.7 c 115.3 c 9.9 c 97 16.1 b 6.8 b Italy 6.2 5.7 161.9 d 180.5 b 13.5 d 85 10.9 b 8.0 b Kazakhstan 13.5 79.8 127.6 48.5 9.1 99 14.1 10.8 Kyrgyzstan 11.0 118.0 116.9 c 18.7 6.8 c 97 13.3 9.0 Latvia 17.4 35.4 195.0 b 108.6 b 36.3 b 93 14.7 b 8.3 b Lithuania 4.8 48.5 183.4 b 94.7 d 29.7 b 94 21.5 b 8.0 b Luxembourg 12.4 5.3 153.2 b 153.5 c 13.8 b 99 13.6 b 8.8 b Malta 9.6 7.6 144.0 b 144.4 b 14.4 b 93 15.2 b 7.9 b Monaco 0.0 0.0 — — — — — — Montenegro 3.2 12.8 128.7 d 114.9 c 15.2 d 47 — 8.5 b Netherlands 4.9 5.0 176.7 c 199.3 22.2 c 94 11.5 d — Norway 5.2 5.5 149.7 b 130.0 b 30.7 b 96 18.7 b 6.0 b Poland 2.8 16.2 195.7 b 87.4 c 21.2 b 98 16.6 b 6.9 b Portugal 8.8 20.2 153.6 c 118.6 d 20.3 c 98 10.7 b 8.9 b Republic of Moldova 23.4 88.7 166.0 b 50.8 b 15.2 b 88 17.5 b 9.0 b Romania 4.0 72.9 177.0 b 75.7 b 17.1 b 86 18.3 c 7.4 c Russian Federation 43.8 d 69.4 175.2 d 78.9 c 18.7 d 98 20.9 c 12.1 c San Marino 9.5 — — 0.0 d — 62 13.5 6.0 Serbia 1.8 23.1 202.8 b 97.8 c 19.0 b 82 13.5 b 10.0 b Slovakia 1.6 5.7 203.1 b 100.3 d 29.0 b 95 17.2 b 7.3 b Slovenia 2.4 6.3 197.2 d 125.0 d 31.0 d 92 16.7 b 6.9 b Spain 7.3 8.7 147.5 b — 15.3 b 97 11.1 b 7.4 b Sweden 3.6 8.0 142.1 b 200.3 b 29.0 b 97 13.9 b 5.7 b Switzerland 6.3 6.4 136.0 c 145.1 d 22.4 c 94 15.0 b 8.5 b Tajikistan 11.9 69.5 — 11.1 — 97 11.1 9.0 MKD* 1.5 13.6 172.4 d 65.8 d 17.3 d 82 10.2 c 7.9 c Turkey 2.3 16.0 134.9 c 32.8 d 16.0 c 98 16.6 b 4.0 b Turkmenistan 0.0 d 56.4 92.7 d 18.0 3.3 d 99 17.9 7.7 Ukraine 35.1 67.3 154.6 b 68.1 c 17.8 b 42 21.5 c 11.8 c United Kingdom 9.6 9.1 172.7 d 164.4 b 23.4 d 92 12.5 b 7.1 b Uzbekistan 13.3 d 54.6 72.5 b 19.0 2.8 b 99 13.8 7.2 WHO European Region 13.7 29.4 158.6 c 106.7 c 17.5 c 94 16.7 b 8.7 b Health status: morbidity Health services utilization * The ISO abbreviation for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia TB = tuberculosis HIV = human immunodeficiency virus — = no data available 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Health 2020 SDG 3 SDG 3 Incidence per 100 000 Cancer incidence per 100 000 % of infants vaccinated against rubella Inpatient care HIV TB All forms Female breast Prostate Acute care hospital discharges per 100 population Average length of stay (days) Country 2014 2015 2015 2015 2015 2016 2015 2015 Albania 2.7 14.4 96.1 d 30.8 c 13.0 d 96 — 5.5 c Andorra 4.1 5.7 — — — 97 10.6 c — Armenia 11.0 36.1 186.4 b 76.3 b 22.6 b 97 12.9 b 7.5 b Austria 2.8 6.6 154.9 b 127.9 d 17.6 b 95 24.6 b 8.2 b Azerbaijan 6.3 56.5 87.6 d 35.0 4.8 d 98 6.3 10.5 Belarus 19.1 39.7 149.7 b 80.3 b 19.3 b 98 — 11.0 b Belgium 9.3 8.2 164.1 c 188.3 c 17.1 c 96 16.3 c 7.8 c Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.7 c 28.7 157.4 b 37.5 b 18.7 b 67 — 7.5 b Bulgaria 3.4 22.6 166.1 c 93.8 b 19.0 c 92 — 5.4 b Croatia 2.2 11.4 211.8 b 116.1 c 26.4 b 90 15.9 b 8.8 b Cyprus 6.6 7.4 123.8 c 114.9 d 19.6 c 90 7.8 b 6.4 b Czechia 2.2 4.8 178.3 b 132.6 c 23.3 b 98 19.4 b 9.4 b Denmark 4.5 5.6 188.9 d 166.2 b 29.4 d 94 13.1 d 4.3 c Estonia 22.1 15.7 187.6 b 103.5 c 36.5 b 93 15.5 b 7.6 b Finland 3.3 4.9 132.6 b 179.9 b 20.7 b 95 16.4 b 10.6 b France 6.8 7.0 158.0 c 163.4 16.8 c 91 16.3 c 10.1 c Georgia 13.3 84.6 128.4 b 47.9 b 12.6 b 93 7.2 d 5.2 b Germany 4.4 7.0 157.7 b 167.0 d 19.8 b 97 23.7 b 9.0 b Greece 6.5 4.0 152.8 d — 15.2 d 97 19.3 d 6.8 d Hungary 2.7 8.7 233.3 b 152.7 b 21.7 b 99 17.6 b 9.5 b Iceland 3.4 2.1 159.8 d 122.1 c 29.8 d 91 11.7 b 6.1 b Ireland 7.7 6.4 173.8 c 128.0 c 21.3 c 92 13.9 b 6.0 b Israel 6.0 3.5 137.7 c 115.3 c 9.9 c 97 16.1 b 6.8 b Italy 6.2 5.7 161.9 d 180.5 b 13.5 d 85 10.9 b 8.0 b Kazakhstan 13.5 79.8 127.6 48.5 9.1 99 14.1 10.8 Kyrgyzstan 11.0 118.0 116.9 c 18.7 6.8 c 97 13.3 9.0 Latvia 17.4 35.4 195.0 b 108.6 b 36.3 b 93 14.7 b 8.3 b Lithuania 4.8 48.5 183.4 b 94.7 d 29.7 b 94 21.5 b 8.0 b Luxembourg 12.4 5.3 153.2 b 153.5 c 13.8 b 99 13.6 b 8.8 b Malta 9.6 7.6 144.0 b 144.4 b 14.4 b 93 15.2 b 7.9 b Monaco 0.0 0.0 — — — — — — Montenegro 3.2 12.8 128.7 d 114.9 c 15.2 d 47 — 8.5 b Netherlands 4.9 5.0 176.7 c 199.3 22.2 c 94 11.5 d — Norway 5.2 5.5 149.7 b 130.0 b 30.7 b 96 18.7 b 6.0 b Poland 2.8 16.2 195.7 b 87.4 c 21.2 b 98 16.6 b 6.9 b Portugal 8.8 20.2 153.6 c 118.6 d 20.3 c 98 10.7 b 8.9 b Republic of Moldova 23.4 88.7 166.0 b 50.8 b 15.2 b 88 17.5 b 9.0 b Romania 4.0 72.9 177.0 b 75.7 b 17.1 b 86 18.3 c 7.4 c Russian Federation 43.8 d 69.4 175.2 d 78.9 c 18.7 d 98 20.9 c 12.1 c San Marino 9.5 — — 0.0 d — 62 13.5 6.0 Serbia 1.8 23.1 202.8 b 97.8 c 19.0 b 82 13.5 b 10.0 b Slovakia 1.6 5.7 203.1 b 100.3 d 29.0 b 95 17.2 b 7.3 b Slovenia 2.4 6.3 197.2 d 125.0 d 31.0 d 92 16.7 b 6.9 b Spain 7.3 8.7 147.5 b — 15.3 b 97 11.1 b 7.4 b Sweden 3.6 8.0 142.1 b 200.3 b 29.0 b 97 13.9 b 5.7 b Switzerland 6.3 6.4 136.0 c 145.1 d 22.4 c 94 15.0 b 8.5 b Tajikistan 11.9 69.5 — 11.1 — 97 11.1 9.0 MKD* 1.5 13.6 172.4 d 65.8 d 17.3 d 82 10.2 c 7.9 c Turkey 2.3 16.0 134.9 c 32.8 d 16.0 c 98 16.6 b 4.0 b Turkmenistan 0.0 d 56.4 92.7 d 18.0 3.3 d 99 17.9 7.7 Ukraine 35.1 67.3 154.6 b 68.1 c 17.8 b 42 21.5 c 11.8 c United Kingdom 9.6 9.1 172.7 d 164.4 b 23.4 d 92 12.5 b 7.1 b Uzbekistan 13.3 d 54.6 72.5 b 19.0 2.8 b 99 13.8 7.2 WHO European Region 13.7 29.4 158.6 c 106.7 c 17.5 c 94 16.7 b 8.7 b 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Health 2020 Health 2020 SDG 16 Estimated age-standardized prevalence (in %) of Public sector expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure (WHO estimates) Private households’ out-of-pocket expenditure (WHO estimates) Public sector health expenditure (WHO estimates) Insufficient physical activity among adults Obesity (defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) in people aged 18 years and over Raised fasting plasma glucose (≥ 7.0 mmol/L or on medication) Males Females Males Females as % of total health expenditure 2014 2014 2014 2011** 2014 2014 2014 2014 Country 9.4 49.9 49.9 — 16.5 17.0 7.7 7.1 Albania 27.9 15.9 78.0 26.1 25.5 27.0 8.1 5.8 Andorra 7.0 53.5 43.0 — 16.1 21.3 11.0 12.0 Armenia 16.3 16.2 77.9 23.8 20.8 18.0 5.4 3.2 Austria 3.9 72.1 20.4 — 17.8 25.2 11.6 13.0 Azerbaijan 13.8 32.0 65.8 — 20.4 23.7 8.0 7.5 Belarus 15.1 17.8 77.9 33.2 22.0 20.9 5.7 3.5 Belgium 14.1 27.9 71.2 18.1 14.0 15.8 8.0 6.9 Bosnia and Herzegovina 11.0 44.2 54.6 21.0 21.0 21.1 8.4 6.9 Bulgaria 14.0 11.2 81.9 16.2 21.0 20.0 8.4 6.3 Croatia 7.6 48.7 45.2 34.7 22.4 24.6 8.3 5.7 Cyprus 14.9 14.3 84.5 23.8 24.7 23.0 8.4 6.6 Czechia 16.8 13.4 84.8 24.3 20.7 17.4 5.4 3.3 Denmark 13.5 20.7 78.8 11.9 20.4 20.3 7.7 6.5 Estonia 12.4 18.2 75.3 23.5 21.4 19.9 6.4 4.3 Finland 15.7 6.3 78.2 23.8 22.0 21.9 7.5 4.4 France 5.0 58.6 20.9 20.6 16.3 22.3 13.3 12.1 Georgia 19.7 13.2 77.0 21.1 21.9 20.3 6.0 3.9 Germany 10.0 34.9 61.7 12.9 22.2 24.3 7.2 6.0 Greece 10.1 26.6 66.0 18.1 23.8 20.3 8.9 6.7 Hungary 15.7 17.5 81.0 — 21.8 19.7 7.6 4.2 Iceland 13.4 17.7 66.1 35.1 25.9 25.2 7.3 5.1 Ireland 11.6 27.0 60.9 — 23.8 26.7 7.1 5.8 Israel 13.7 21.2 75.6 33.2 21.4 21.6 7.1 4.6 Italy 10.9 45.1 54.4 20.6 21.3 23.9 12.4 11.4 Kazakhstan 11.9 39.4 56.1 13.3 11.4 16.7 9.9 10.8 Kyrgyzstan 9.8 35.1 63.2 22.0 22.2 23.9 7.8 6.6 Latvia 13.4 31.3 67.9 18.4 23.7 26.7 8.9 7.1 Lithuania 13.6 10.6 83.9 28.5 24.3 19.5 7.0 3.9 Luxembourg 15.6 28.9 69.2 42.9 26.2 28.5 9.0 6.4 Malta 18.8 7.0 88.6 — — — — — Monaco 9.8 42.8 57.2 — 19.8 18.9 7.6 6.6 Montenegro 20.9 5.2 87.0 15.5 18.4 18.8 5.2 3.5 Netherlands 18.2 13.6 85.5 25.8 24.1 22.2 6.2 3.9 Norway 10.7 23.5 71.0 18.7 22.9 23.4 8.4 7.0 Poland 11.9 26.8 64.8 34.9 19.5 19.8 8.4 5.3 Portugal 13.3 38.4 51.4 12.3 12.8 18.3 7.8 8.4 Republic of Moldova 12.8 18.9 80.4 25.3 20.9 20.2 7.3 6.4 Romania 9.5 45.9 52.2 9.5 19.6 26.2 7.4 8.0 Russian Federation 13.2 5.8 93.6 — — — — — San Marino 13.9 36.6 61.9 38.7 17.6 18.0 7.3 6.5 Serbia 15.0 22.5 72.5 17.8 21.7 20.6 8.2 6.3 Slovakia 12.8 12.1 71.7 21.3 20.7 20.6 7.3 7.0 Slovenia 14.5 24.0 70.9 30.5 23.3 24.1 8.5 5.7 Spain 19.0 14.1 84.0 28.7 21.4 18.6 5.8 4.0 Sweden 22.7 26.8 66.0 — 21.7 17.3 5.3 2.8 Switzerland 6.8 61.7 28.8 — 9.2 15.6 10.3 9.9 Tajikistan 12.9 36.7 63.3 — 17.7 18.3 7.6 6.8 MKD* 10.5 17.8 77.5 32.8 22.2 36.2 13.0 14.2 Turkey 8.7 34.8 65.2 — 16.4 21.8 12.4 12.0 Turkmenistan 10.8 46.2 50.8 12.2 17.6 22.1 7.4 7.2 Ukraine 16.5 9.7 83.1 37.3 26.2 28.4 6.6 4.9 United Kingdom 10.7 43.9 53.3 19.2 12.5 18.6 10.5 10.7 Uzbekistan 13.2 26.6 67.9 22.7 21.0 23.9 8.1 7.0 WHO European Region Health expenditures Risk factors Note: a = 2016, b = 2014, c = 2013, d = 2012–2007 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Health 2020 SDG 10 SDG 4 SDG 8 Gini index (income distribution) Proportion (%) of children of official primary school age not enrolled Unemployment rate (% of labour force) Youth unemployment rate (% of labour force) Males Females Males Females Males Females Country 2015 2015 2015 2016 2016 2016 2016 Albania 29.0 d 3.5 c 4.8 c 16.5 16.1 36.8 35.7 Andorra — — — — — — — Armenia 31.5 b 3.5 3.7 15.0 18.7 31.5 44.9 Austria 27.2 a — — 6.4 5.8 11.8 10.8 Azerbaijan 31.8 d 4.6 7.0 4.3 5.9 12.5 16.2 Belarus 27.2 b 5.1 3.6 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.2 Belgium 26.3 a 0.8 0.7 8.6 7.9 22.8 20.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina 33.8 d — — 27.9 22.3 68.6 65.7 Bulgaria 38.3 a 5.0 5.2 8.4 7.5 18.9 19.2 Croatia 30.4 2.9 0.3 12.8 14.2 34.2 36.2 Cyprus 33.6 2.5 1.8 11.6 11.9 26.0 24.1 Czechia 25.0 — — 3.3 5.0 9.1 11.4 Denmark 27.4 1.5 1.2 5.8 6.4 11.2 10.1 Estonia 34.8 5.8 4.3 7.1 6.8 15.5 14.7 Finland 25.4 a 0.6 0.1 9.4 8.5 23.9 19.3 France 29.2 0.8 b 0.4 b 10.3 9.6 24.5 22.8 Georgia 40.1 b 3.7 d 6.0 d 12.9 10.0 27.0 32.2 Germany 30.1 — — 4.6 4.0 7.1 5.8 Greece 34.3 a 3.4 b 4.0 b 20.4 28.5 42.6 55.0 Hungary 28.2 a 4.4 4.2 5.1 5.3 13.9 12.2 Iceland 23.6 0.4 c 1.4 c 3.7 3.8 10.2 6.7 Ireland 29.8 1.7 b 0.4 b 9.0 6.9 18.5 14.7 Israel 42.8 d 2.8 2.1 5.5 5.8 9.6 10.5 Italy 32.4 0.9 1.3 10.7 12.7 36.5 41.0 Kazakhstan 26.3 c 0.4 a 0.1 a 4.4 6.1 4.4 5.7 Kyrgyzstan — 1.6 2.6 6.7 9.1 12.5 18.8 Latvia 34.5 a 3.4 3.1 10.8 8.9 17.9 16.6 Lithuania 37.9 1.1 0.1 10.1 8.2 16.7 16.8 Luxembourg 28.5 4.2 b 3.8 b 5.3 6.7 17.3 15.2 Malta 28.1 2.7 0.2 5.2 5.5 13.2 9.4 Monaco — — — — — — — Montenegro 31.9 b 5.8 6.9 17.8 17.1 39.6 35.4 Netherlands 26.7 1.6 1.1 5.8 6.6 10.5 10.3 Norway 23.9 0.1 0.3 5.1 4.5 12.7 10.0 Poland 30.6 3.5 b 3.5 b 6.0 6.5 16.6 17.5 Portugal 34.0 1.9 2.2 10.9 11.5 26.1 30.3 Republic of Moldova - 9.8 10.3 6.1 3.8 12.5 13.5 Romania 34.7 a 9.8 9.9 7.2 5.5 20.6 22.8 Russian Federation 41.6 d 3.1 1.8 6.0 5.5 14.6 16.6 San Marino — 6.8 d 7.1 d — — — — Serbia 38.2 0.9 0.7 15.5 17.9 37.6 45.5 Slovakia 23.7 — — 9.0 11.2 22.3 24.0 Slovenia 24.5 2.7 b 1.6 b 8.0 9.6 17.8 16.2 Spain 34.5 a 0.7 0.4 17.9 21.3 42.6 43.4 Sweden 25.2 0.4 0.3 7.2 7.0 19.8 18.3 Switzerland 29.6 0.6 0.1 4.5 4.7 9.1 7.8 Tajikistan 30.8 b 1.8 a 0.4 a 11.6 9.9 17.5 13.3 MKD* — — — 27.2 26.0 50.9 47.2 Turkey 42.1 c 5.3 6.2 9.5 12.1 17.4 21.9 Turkmenistan — — — 8.7 8.4 16.7 18.3 Ukraine 24.1 b 4.5 b 2.4 b 9.9 7.8 21.8 20.7 United Kingdom — 0.1 d 0.3 d 5.1 4.6 14.8 11.6 Uzbekistan — 1.8 a 4.0 a 9.0 8.7 17.1 19.4 WHO European Region 33.7 2.7 2.5 8.3 8.6 19.4 20.3 Theme in focus: SDGs — = no data available* The ISO abbreviation for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ** Latest available data 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Health 2020 SDG 10 SDG 4 SDG 8 Gini index (income distribution) Proportion (%) of children of official primary school age not enrolled Unemployment rate (% of labour force) Youth unemployment rate (% of labour force) Males Females Males Females Males Females Country 2015 2015 2015 2016 2016 2016 2016 Albania 29.0 d 3.5 c 4.8 c 16.5 16.1 36.8 35.7 Andorra — — — — — — — Armenia 31.5 b 3.5 3.7 15.0 18.7 31.5 44.9 Austria 27.2 a — — 6.4 5.8 11.8 10.8 Azerbaijan 31.8 d 4.6 7.0 4.3 5.9 12.5 16.2 Belarus 27.2 b 5.1 3.6 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.2 Belgium 26.3 a 0.8 0.7 8.6 7.9 22.8 20.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina 33.8 d — — 27.9 22.3 68.6 65.7 Bulgaria 38.3 a 5.0 5.2 8.4 7.5 18.9 19.2 Croatia 30.4 2.9 0.3 12.8 14.2 34.2 36.2 Cyprus 33.6 2.5 1.8 11.6 11.9 26.0 24.1 Czechia 25.0 — — 3.3 5.0 9.1 11.4 Denmark 27.4 1.5 1.2 5.8 6.4 11.2 10.1 Estonia 34.8 5.8 4.3 7.1 6.8 15.5 14.7 Finland 25.4 a 0.6 0.1 9.4 8.5 23.9 19.3 France 29.2 0.8 b 0.4 b 10.3 9.6 24.5 22.8 Georgia 40.1 b 3.7 d 6.0 d 12.9 10.0 27.0 32.2 Germany 30.1 — — 4.6 4.0 7.1 5.8 Greece 34.3 a 3.4 b 4.0 b 20.4 28.5 42.6 55.0 Hungary 28.2 a 4.4 4.2 5.1 5.3 13.9 12.2 Iceland 23.6 0.4 c 1.4 c 3.7 3.8 10.2 6.7 Ireland 29.8 1.7 b 0.4 b 9.0 6.9 18.5 14.7 Israel 42.8 d 2.8 2.1 5.5 5.8 9.6 10.5 Italy 32.4 0.9 1.3 10.7 12.7 36.5 41.0 Kazakhstan 26.3 c 0.4 a 0.1 a 4.4 6.1 4.4 5.7 Kyrgyzstan — 1.6 2.6 6.7 9.1 12.5 18.8 Latvia 34.5 a 3.4 3.1 10.8 8.9 17.9 16.6 Lithuania 37.9 1.1 0.1 10.1 8.2 16.7 16.8 Luxembourg 28.5 4.2 b 3.8 b 5.3 6.7 17.3 15.2 Malta 28.1 2.7 0.2 5.2 5.5 13.2 9.4 Monaco — — — — — — — Montenegro 31.9 b 5.8 6.9 17.8 17.1 39.6 35.4 Netherlands 26.7 1.6 1.1 5.8 6.6 10.5 10.3 Norway 23.9 0.1 0.3 5.1 4.5 12.7 10.0 Poland 30.6 3.5 b 3.5 b 6.0 6.5 16.6 17.5 Portugal 34.0 1.9 2.2 10.9 11.5 26.1 30.3 Republic of Moldova - 9.8 10.3 6.1 3.8 12.5 13.5 Romania 34.7 a 9.8 9.9 7.2 5.5 20.6 22.8 Russian Federation 41.6 d 3.1 1.8 6.0 5.5 14.6 16.6 San Marino — 6.8 d 7.1 d — — — — Serbia 38.2 0.9 0.7 15.5 17.9 37.6 45.5 Slovakia 23.7 — — 9.0 11.2 22.3 24.0 Slovenia 24.5 2.7 b 1.6 b 8.0 9.6 17.8 16.2 Spain 34.5 a 0.7 0.4 17.9 21.3 42.6 43.4 Sweden 25.2 0.4 0.3 7.2 7.0 19.8 18.3 Switzerland 29.6 0.6 0.1 4.5 4.7 9.1 7.8 Tajikistan 30.8 b 1.8 a 0.4 a 11.6 9.9 17.5 13.3 MKD* — — — 27.2 26.0 50.9 47.2 Turkey 42.1 c 5.3 6.2 9.5 12.1 17.4 21.9 Turkmenistan — — — 8.7 8.4 16.7 18.3 Ukraine 24.1 b 4.5 b 2.4 b 9.9 7.8 21.8 20.7 United Kingdom — 0.1 d 0.3 d 5.1 4.6 14.8 11.6 Uzbekistan — 1.8 a 4.0 a 9.0 8.7 17.1 19.4 WHO European Region 33.7 2.7 2.5 8.3 8.6 19.4 20.3 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Health 2020 SDG 3 SDG 3 % of infants vaccinated against poliomyelitis Treatment success rate: new TB cases (%) Age-standardized death rate from major noncommunicable diseases per 100 000 population (30–69 years) Total health expenditure as % of GDP (WHO estimates) Availability per 100 000 population Mortality attributable to household and ambient air pollution (per 100 000 population) Physicians Nurses and midwives Both sexes Males Females 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2014 2015 2015 2012** Country 98 a 88 b 247.1 d 313.0 d 181.8 d 5.9 128 c — 171.4 Albania 98 a 83 b — — — 8.1 316 d 369 d — Andorra 96 a 78 b 484.8 692.1 321.5 4.5 280 b 499 b 125.4 Armenia 87 a 74 b 239.9 b 304.0 b 180.2 b 11.2 515 819 b 34.2 Austria 98 a 83 b 494.2 d 648.8 d 362.2 d 6.0 340 b 635 b 68.0 Azerbaijan 98 a 88 b 605.1 b 965.5 b 333.1 b 5.7 407 b 1 090 b 103.8 Belarus 98 a 81 b 230.6 b 286.1 b 177.2 b 10.6 297 b 1 016 d 30.2 Belgium 79 a 77 b 395.5 b 529.8 b 277.3 b 9.6 188 c 559 b 223.6 Bosnia and Herzegovina 92 a 86 b 547.4 с 783.6 с 338.9 с 8.4 400 b 487 b 174.8 Bulgaria 93 a 71 b 392.1 552.2 247.5 7.8 313 b 614 b 89.5 Croatia 97 a 59 b 210.1 b 287.7 b 137.1 b 7.4 338 b 529 b 19.8 Cyprus 96 a 69 c 330.1 448.4 221.0 7.4 369 c 833 b 59.5 Czechia 94 a 52 b 245.8 b 285.8 b 206.5 b 10.8 366 c 1 686 c 20.3 Denmark 93 a 84 b 393.0 b 603.9 b 229.3 b 6.4 332 b 597 b 54.2 Estonia 92 a 45 b 219.4 b 290.5 b 151.3 b 9.7 302 c 1 454 d 6.0 Finland 99 b — 219.1 с 295.1 с 148.5 с 11.5 323 1 060 17.2 France 92 a 83 b 422.3 b 618.9 b 262.9 b 7.4 478 b 382 b 292.3 Georgia 95 63 b 251.5 b 319.4 b 186.6 b 11.3 413 b 1 348 b 32.5 Germany 99 a — 268.2 b 382.7 b 163.8 b 8.1 625 b 344 b 45.1 Greece 99 a 73 b 541.2 753.3 361.4 7.4 332 b 657 b 123.0 Hungary 91 a 89 b 184.6 194.6 174.2 8.9 378 1 628 6.4 Iceland 95 56 b 241.6 c 290.3 c 193.3 c 7.8 282 1 261 d 17.3 Ireland 94 c 89 b 182.5 b 216.9 b 151.5 b 7.8 362 b 526 b 15.8 Israel 93 — 222.0 d 284.8 d 163.9 d 9.3 395 b 648 b 35.3 Italy 83 a 90 b 485.7 706.3 318.2 4.4 327 b 802 c 93.3 Kazakhstan 97 a 84 b 560.1 777.4 384.6 6.5 185 b 599 c 99.5 Kyrgyzstan 98 a 83 b 540.0 b 837.6 b 315.9 b 5.9 322 b 503 b 115.1 Latvia 95 a 81 b 503.3 786.2 288.5 6.6 433 b 795 b 73.4 Lithuania 99 a 0 c 206.1 b 265.7 b 144.6 b 6.9 292 1 233 19.8 Luxembourg 97 a 76 c 224.2 b 284.7 b 164.6 b 9.8 391 867 31.1 Malta — 100 c — — — 4.3 664 b 1 999 b — Monaco 89 89 b 446.8 d 565.8 d 344.0 d 6.4 234 535 123.5 Montenegro 95 a 85 b 228.5 255.3 202.0 10.9 335 b 856 d 24.0 Netherlands 96 a 84 b 195.2 b 223.8 b 166.3 b 9.7 442 b 1 741 b 12.7 Norway 92 58 b 399.3 b 550.7 b 266.0 b 6.4 227 b 574 b 68.9 Poland 98 72 b 232.5 с 327.2 с 148.9 с 9.5 443 b 638 b 16.8 Portugal 91 a 79 b 617.9 880.3 408.3 10.3 291 b 608 b 114.5 Republic of Moldova 89 a 85 b 460.8 656.0 288.5 5.6 236 c 552 c 138.3 Romania 97 a 69 b 697.5 d 1 075.5 d 419.1d 7.1 331 b 457 b 110.0 Russian Federation 66 a — — — — 6.1 636 b 855 b — San Marino 93 a 81 b 480.8 635.8 341.1 10.4 307 b 629 b 137.2 Serbia 96 a 88 b 399.6 b 566.2 b 254.3 b 8.1 300 d 608 b 66.3 Slovakia 95 77 b 265.9 345.3 188.0 9.2 276 b 861 b 41.9 Slovenia 97 a 58 b 211.5 b 291.9 b 135.6 b 9.0 382 b 536 b 14.7 Spain 98 a 88 b 185.8 213.5 158.3 11.9 412 c 1 192 c 0.4 Sweden 97 — 181.5 c 223.4 c 140.7 c 11.7 411 b 1 781 b 18.5 Switzerland 97 a 89 b — — — 6.9 171 b 473 b 97.6 Tajikistan 92 91 c 450.6 c 576.3 c 331.5 c 6.5 280 c 421 c 128.9 MKD* 97 87 b 323.2 c 442.4 c 211.0 c 5.4 175 b 252 b 51.0 Turkey 98 a 72 c 692.9 d 842.9 d 561.2 d 2.1 229 b 456 b 72.9 Turkmenistan 56 a 72 b 655.8 b 1 001.7 b 401.0 b 7.1 300 b 668 b 139.1 Ukraine 94 a 81 b 244.1 c 289.6 c 200.4 c 9.1 281 844 25.7 United Kingdom 99 a 87 b 573.4 b 703.8 b 455.0 b 5.8 245 b 1 165 b 83.2 Uzbekistan 94 b 76 b 390.3 b 541.3 b 262.5 b 8.2 322 b 741 b 64.9 WHO European Region Note: a = 2016, b = 2014, c = 2013, d = 2012–2007TB = tuberculosis 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Health 2020 SDG 3 SDG 3 % of infants vaccinated against poliomyelitis Treatment success rate: new TB cases (%) Age-standardized death rate from major noncommunicable diseases per 100 000 population (30–69 years) Total health expenditure as % of GDP (WHO estimates) Availability per 100 000 population Mortality attributable to household and ambient air pollution (per 100 000 population) Physicians Nurses and midwives Both sexes Males Females 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2014 2015 2015 2012** Country 98 a 88 b 247.1 d 313.0 d 181.8 d 5.9 128 c — 171.4 Albania 98 a 83 b — — — 8.1 316 d 369 d — Andorra 96 a 78 b 484.8 692.1 321.5 4.5 280 b 499 b 125.4 Armenia 87 a 74 b 239.9 b 304.0 b 180.2 b 11.2 515 819 b 34.2 Austria 98 a 83 b 494.2 d 648.8 d 362.2 d 6.0 340 b 635 b 68.0 Azerbaijan 98 a 88 b 605.1 b 965.5 b 333.1 b 5.7 407 b 1 090 b 103.8 Belarus 98 a 81 b 230.6 b 286.1 b 177.2 b 10.6 297 b 1 016 d 30.2 Belgium 79 a 77 b 395.5 b 529.8 b 277.3 b 9.6 188 c 559 b 223.6 Bosnia and Herzegovina 92 a 86 b 547.4 с 783.6 с 338.9 с 8.4 400 b 487 b 174.8 Bulgaria 93 a 71 b 392.1 552.2 247.5 7.8 313 b 614 b 89.5 Croatia 97 a 59 b 210.1 b 287.7 b 137.1 b 7.4 338 b 529 b 19.8 Cyprus 96 a 69 c 330.1 448.4 221.0 7.4 369 c 833 b 59.5 Czechia 94 a 52 b 245.8 b 285.8 b 206.5 b 10.8 366 c 1 686 c 20.3 Denmark 93 a 84 b 393.0 b 603.9 b 229.3 b 6.4 332 b 597 b 54.2 Estonia 92 a 45 b 219.4 b 290.5 b 151.3 b 9.7 302 c 1 454 d 6.0 Finland 99 b — 219.1 с 295.1 с 148.5 с 11.5 323 1 060 17.2 France 92 a 83 b 422.3 b 618.9 b 262.9 b 7.4 478 b 382 b 292.3 Georgia 95 63 b 251.5 b 319.4 b 186.6 b 11.3 413 b 1 348 b 32.5 Germany 99 a — 268.2 b 382.7 b 163.8 b 8.1 625 b 344 b 45.1 Greece 99 a 73 b 541.2 753.3 361.4 7.4 332 b 657 b 123.0 Hungary 91 a 89 b 184.6 194.6 174.2 8.9 378 1 628 6.4 Iceland 95 56 b 241.6 c 290.3 c 193.3 c 7.8 282 1 261 d 17.3 Ireland 94 c 89 b 182.5 b 216.9 b 151.5 b 7.8 362 b 526 b 15.8 Israel 93 — 222.0 d 284.8 d 163.9 d 9.3 395 b 648 b 35.3 Italy 83 a 90 b 485.7 706.3 318.2 4.4 327 b 802 c 93.3 Kazakhstan 97 a 84 b 560.1 777.4 384.6 6.5 185 b 599 c 99.5 Kyrgyzstan 98 a 83 b 540.0 b 837.6 b 315.9 b 5.9 322 b 503 b 115.1 Latvia 95 a 81 b 503.3 786.2 288.5 6.6 433 b 795 b 73.4 Lithuania 99 a 0 c 206.1 b 265.7 b 144.6 b 6.9 292 1 233 19.8 Luxembourg 97 a 76 c 224.2 b 284.7 b 164.6 b 9.8 391 867 31.1 Malta — 100 c — — — 4.3 664 b 1 999 b — Monaco 89 89 b 446.8 d 565.8 d 344.0 d 6.4 234 535 123.5 Montenegro 95 a 85 b 228.5 255.3 202.0 10.9 335 b 856 d 24.0 Netherlands 96 a 84 b 195.2 b 223.8 b 166.3 b 9.7 442 b 1 741 b 12.7 Norway 92 58 b 399.3 b 550.7 b 266.0 b 6.4 227 b 574 b 68.9 Poland 98 72 b 232.5 с 327.2 с 148.9 с 9.5 443 b 638 b 16.8 Portugal 91 a 79 b 617.9 880.3 408.3 10.3 291 b 608 b 114.5 Republic of Moldova 89 a 85 b 460.8 656.0 288.5 5.6 236 c 552 c 138.3 Romania 97 a 69 b 697.5 d 1 075.5 d 419.1d 7.1 331 b 457 b 110.0 Russian Federation 66 a — — — — 6.1 636 b 855 b — San Marino 93 a 81 b 480.8 635.8 341.1 10.4 307 b 629 b 137.2 Serbia 96 a 88 b 399.6 b 566.2 b 254.3 b 8.1 300 d 608 b 66.3 Slovakia 95 77 b 265.9 345.3 188.0 9.2 276 b 861 b 41.9 Slovenia 97 a 58 b 211.5 b 291.9 b 135.6 b 9.0 382 b 536 b 14.7 Spain 98 a 88 b 185.8 213.5 158.3 11.9 412 c 1 192 c 0.4 Sweden 97 — 181.5 c 223.4 c 140.7 c 11.7 411 b 1 781 b 18.5 Switzerland 97 a 89 b — — — 6.9 171 b 473 b 97.6 Tajikistan 92 91 c 450.6 c 576.3 c 331.5 c 6.5 280 c 421 c 128.9 MKD* 97 87 b 323.2 c 442.4 c 211.0 c 5.4 175 b 252 b 51.0 Turkey 98 a 72 c 692.9 d 842.9 d 561.2 d 2.1 229 b 456 b 72.9 Turkmenistan 56 a 72 b 655.8 b 1 001.7 b 401.0 b 7.1 300 b 668 b 139.1 Ukraine 94 a 81 b 244.1 c 289.6 c 200.4 c 9.1 281 844 25.7 United Kingdom 99 a 87 b 573.4 b 703.8 b 455.0 b 5.8 245 b 1 165 b 83.2 Uzbekistan 94 b 76 b 390.3 b 541.3 b 262.5 b 8.2 322 b 741 b 64.9 WHO European Region % o f t ot al h ea lth e xp en di tu re Ne th er la nd s Sa n M ar in o Fr an ce M on ac o Un ite d Ki ng do m Lu xe m bo ur g Cr oa tia Sl ov en ia Ge rm an y De nm ar k No rw ay Sw ed en Cz ec hi a An do rra Au st ria Ice la nd Ire la nd Tu rk ey Be lg iu m Fi nl an d Ro m an ia Es to ni a Ita ly Sl ov ak ia Po la nd Sp ai n W HO Eu ro pe an R eg io n Hu ng ar y Sw itz er la nd Po rtu ga l Isr ae l Bo sn ia an d He rz eg ov in a M al ta Li th ua ni a Be la ru s Tu rk m en ist an Gr ee ce La tv ia Se rb ia M KD * Re pu bl ic of M ol do va Ky rg yz st an M on te ne gr o Uz be ki st an Bu lg ar ia Ka za kh st an Ru ss ia n Fe de ra tio n Uk ra in e Cy pr us Al ba ni a Ar m en ia Ge or gi a Ta jik ist an Az er ba ija n Theme in focus: SDGs Ag e- st an da rd iz ed d ea th ra te pe r 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n Male Female 0 300 600 900 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 20 40 60 80 100 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 % o f t ot al h ea lth e xp en di tu re Maximum WHO European Region Minimum 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 25 20 15 10 5 0 Maximum WHO European Region Minimum Private households’ out-of-pocket payments on health, 2014 Mortality trend from major noncommunicable diseases in people aged 30-69 years in the WHO European Region Per capita alcohol consumption among people aged 15+ within a calendar year Trends in private households’ out-of-pocket payments on health in the WHO European Region * The ISO abbreviation for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 76% показателей З-2020 согласуются с ЦУР: Потребление алкоголя Уровень образования Затраты на здравоохранение Постребление домохозяйств Смертность Сокращение неравенства доходов Санитарные условия Курение Социальная поддержка Лечение туберкулеза Безработица Вакцинация Здоровье -2020 ЦУР 76% of H2020 indicators align with SDGs indicators: Alcohol Educational attainment Health expenditure Household consumption Mortality Reducing income inequality Sanitation Smoking Social support Tuberculosis treatment Unemployment Vaccination Health 2020 SDGs Mapping of indicators from Health 2020 with SDGs % o f t ot al h ea lth e xp en di tu re lit re s of p ur e al co ho l Ag e- st an da rd iz ed d ea th ra te pe r 1 00 0 00 p op ul at io n % o f t ot al h ea lth e xp en di tu re Regular daily smokers as a percentage of the population older than 14 years, age-standardized estimates, 2013 Recorded consumption of pure alcohol per capita older than 14 years, latest available data Be la ru s Ice la nd Cz ec hi a Ge rm an y Sw itz er la nd No rw ay Un ite d Ki ng do m Re pu bl ic of M ol do va Az er ba ija n Hu ng ar y Ka za kh st an M al ta Isr ae l Ru ss ia n Fe de ra tio n Lu xe m bo ur g De nm ar k Au st ria Ne th er la nd s Po la nd Ro m an ia Es to ni a Sw ed en Ky rg yz st an Bu lg ar ia Ire la nd Be lg iu m W HO Eu ro pe an R eg io n Tu rk m en ist an Sl ov en ia Uk ra in e Uz be ki st an Fi nl an d Li th ua ni a La tv ia Fr an ce Sl ov ak ia Tu rk ey Ta jik ist an Po rt ug al Ita ly Ge or gi a Cy pr us Cr oa tia Al ba ni a Se rb ia Ar m en ia M on te ne gr o Sp ai n Gr ee ce Bo sn ia an d He rz eg ov in a M KD * 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Unemployment rate, % of total labour force, 2016 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Un ite d Ki ng do m Ge rm an y No rw ay Ka za kh st an Fi nl an d Sw ed en Sw itz er la nd Sp ai n Fr an ce Li th ua ni a Ge or gi a Be lg iu m Se rb ia Ire la nd Ice la nd Ita ly Ta jik ist an De nm ar k Ne th er la nd s M al ta Cr oa tia Po rt ug al Ky rg yz st an Cy pr us Sl ov en ia W HO Eu ro pe an R eg io n Isr ae l Ru ss ia n Fe de ra tio n Uz be ki st an La tv ia Po la nd Uk ra in e Ar m en ia Gr ee ce Lu xe m bo ur g Al ba ni a Hu ng ar y Be la ru s Es to ni a Bu lg ar ia Az er ba ija n Tu rk ey M on te ne gr o Sa n M ar in o M KD * Ro m an ia Re pu bl ic of M ol do va Proportion of children of official primary school age not enrolled, both sexes, latest available data The data for the core health indicators were compiled, validated and processed in a standard way by EUROSTAT, OECD, WHO and other United Nations agencies and international networks, to improve the international comparability of the statistics. Nevertheless, many factors may influence the accuracy and comparability of national statistics, such as variations in definition, incomplete registration and other national specificities in data recording and processing. The international comparison of indicators should, therefore, always be interpreted with caution. Seventeen mortality-based indicators (life expectancy at birth, disaggregated by sex, and rates for infant, neonatal and mortality by cause) are presented, based on official mortality data from countries. Cause-specific mortality rates (indicators 16–24 and 51–53) are age-standardized death rates, calculated using the European standard popula- tion structure.1 Age-standardized indicators obtained through the Global Health Observa- tory (indicators 37–41 and 57) are standardized to the world population. Age standardization improves international comparability by removing the effects of differences in popula- tion age structures between countries. The proportion of ill defined causes of death (indicator 25) is used as an indication of the quality of the certification and coding of causes of death. The bottom row in the data tables (the WHO European Region) gives the population- weighted average for all countries in the Region for which data are available. The exception is indicator 1, mid year population, where the value is the sum of the countries’ populations. Health 2020 indicators and indicators related to the SDGs are indicated as such. Data were retrieved from the WHO European Health for All database or the European mortality indicator database, unless specified otherwise in the table below. Metadata is available in the aforementioned databases. The data presented were limited to the years 2007–2016 for the sake of actuality and comparability. Additional indicators and more detailed data can be found on the WHO European Health Information Gateway2 and WHO headquarters websites.3 © World Health Organization 2017 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Tel.: +45 45 33 70 00; Fax: +45 45 33 70 01 Email: euwhocontact@who.int Website: www.euro.who.int Technical notes and sources 1 See the European Health for All family of databases, technical notes. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2017 (http://www.euro.who.int/en/ data-and-evidence/databases/european-health-for-all-family-of-databases-hfa-db, accessed 25 July 2017). 2 European Health Information Gateway [website]. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2017 (https://gateway.euro.who.int, accessed 25 July 2017). 3 Global Health Observatory (GHO) data [website]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 (http://who.int/gho/en/, accessed 25 July 2017). Indicator Data source 9, 45–48, unemployment (charts) The World Development Indicators database of the World Bank 37–41, 50, 57 The WHO Global Health Observatory database WHO/EURO-2017-4788-44551-63102