WHO Model List : revised in November 1993

WHO Drug Information Vol. 7, No.4, 1993 Essential Drugs WHO Model List: revised in November 1993 Section 1: Anaesthetics injection, 1%, 2% (hydrochloride) 1.1 GENERAL ANAESTHET/CS AND OXYGEN + epinephrine “200 000 in via' ' . _ injection for spinal anaesthesia, ether, anaesthetic (2) Inhalation 5% (hydrochloride) in 2.m| ampoule halothane (2) inhalation to be mixed with 7.5% glucose solution ketamine (2) injection, 50 mg (as hydro- topical forms, 2 — 4% (hydrochloride) chloride)/m| In 10-ml VIaI , dental cartridge, g% (hydrochloride) nitrous oxide (2) inhalation 1' epinephnne 1130 000 / . . . .h | d°"V_99” '" a ,a‘,‘°” We '°'”a' gas) 1.3 PREOPERAT/VE MEDICATION & SEDAT/ON ‘thropental (2) powder for Injection, 0.5 g, 1.0 9 FOR SHORT-TERM PROCEDURES (sodium salt) in ampoule _ i . . . atropine Injectlon, 1 mg (sulfate) 1.2 LOCAL ANAESTHETICS '“ i'm' amPW'e *bupivacaine (2, 9) injection, 0.25%, 0.5% chloral hydrate syrup, 200 mg/5 ml (hydrochloride) in vial *diazepam (1b) injection, 5 mg/ml injection for spinal anaesthesia, rn 2"“! ampoule 0.5% (hydrochloride) in 4-ml ampoule *morphine (1a) injection, 10 mg (sulfate or . to be mixed with 7.5% glucose solution hydrochloride) in 1-ml ampoule *lidocaine injection, 1%, 2% *promethazine elixir or syrup, 5 mg (hydrochloride) in vial (hydrochloride)/5 ml Explanatory Notes When the strength of a dmg is specified in terms of a (4) In renal insufficiency, contraindicated or dosage selected salt or ester, this is mentioned in brackets; adjustments necessary; when it refers to the active moiety, the name of the salt ' (5) To improve compliance; or ester in brackets is preceded by the word 'as'. (6) Special pharmacokinetic properties; (7) Adverse effects diminish benefit/risk ratio; * Example of a therapeutic group. Various drugs can (8) Limited indications or narrow spectrum of activity; serve as alternatives. (9) For epidural anaesthesia; (10) Sustained release preparations are available. The Numbers in parentheses following the drug names fact of proper sustained release of the dosage form indicate: should be documented. (1) Drugs subject to international control under (a) the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961); (b) the Letters in parentheses following the drug names indicate Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971); and (c) the reasons for the inclusion of complementary drugs: the Convention on Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Dmgs and (A) When drugs in the main list cannot be made Psychotropic Substances (1988); available; (2) Specific expertise, diagnostic precision, individualiza- (B) When drugs in the main list are known to be tion of dosage or special equipment required for proper ineffective or inappropriate for a given individual; use; (C) For use in rare disorders or in exceptional circum- (3) Greater potency or efficacy; stances. 190 WHO Drug Information Vol. 7, No.4, 1993 Essential Drugs Section 2: Analgesics, Antipyretics, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Drugs Used to Treat Gout 2.1 NON-OPIO/DS acetylsalicylic acid tablet, 100 — 500 mg suppository, 50 — 150 mg allopurinol (4) tablet, 100 mg colchicine (7) tablet, 500 pg *ibuprofen tablet, 200 mg *indometacin capsule or tablet, 25 mg paracetamol tablet, 100 — 500 mg suppository, 100 mg syrup, 125 mg/5 ml 2.2 OP/O/D ANALGES/CS *codeine (1a) tablet, 30 mg (phosphate) injection, 10 mg (sulfate or hydrochloride) in 1-ml ampoule *morphine (1a) oral solution, 10 mg (sulfate or hydrochloride)/5 ml tablet, 10 mg (sulfate) Complementary drug *pethidine (A) (1a, 4) injection, 50 mg (hydrochloride) in 1-ml ampoule tablet, 50 mg, 100 mg (hydrochloride) Section 3: Antiallergics and Drugs Used in Anaphylaxis *chlorphenamine tablet, 4 mg (hydrogen maleate) injection, 10 mg (hydrogen maleate) in 1-ml ampoule tablet, 500 pg, 4 mg injection, 4 mg (as sodium phosphate) in 1-ml ampoule *dexamethasone epinephrine injection, 1 mg (as hydro- chloride or hydrogen tartrate) in 1-ml ampoule hydrocortisone powder for injection, 100 mg (as sodium succinate) in vial *prednisolone tablet, 5 mg Section 4: Antidotes and Other Substances Used in Poisonings 4. 1 GENERAL *charcoal, activated powder ipecacuanha syrup, containing 0.14% ipecacuanha alkaloids calculated as emetine 4.2 SPECIFIC atropine injection, 1 mg (sulfate) in 1-ml ampoule powder for injection, 500 mg (mesilate) in vial deferoxamine injection in oil, 50 mg/ml in 2-ml ampoule tablet, 250 mg (racemate) injection, 10 mg/ml in 10—ml ampoule dimercaprol (2) *methionine methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue) naloxone injection, 400 pg (hydrochloride) in 1-ml ampoule penicillamine (2) capsule or tablet, 250 mg potassium ferric hexacyano- ferrate(|l)r2H20 (Prussian blue) sodium calcium edetate (2) powder for oral administration injection, 200 mg/ml in 5—ml ampoule injection, 30 mg/ml in10-ml ampoule sodium nitrite sodium thiosulfate injection, 250 mg/ml in 50-ml ampoule Section 5: Antiepileptics carbamazepine (10) scored tablet, 100 mg, 200 mg *diazepam (1b) injection, 5 mg/ml in 2-ml ampoule (intravenous or rectal) ethosuximide capsule, 250 mg symp, 250 mg/5 ml tablet, 15 — 100 mg elixir, 15 mg/5 ml phenobarbital (1b) capsule or tablet, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg (sodium salt) injection, 50 mg (sodium salt)/ml in 5-ml vial phenytoin enteric coated tablet, 200 mg, 500 mg (sodium salt) valproic acid (7) * Example of a therapeutic group. Various drugs can serve as alternatives. 191 Essential Drugs WHO Dmg Information Vol. 7, No. 4, 1993 Section 6: Anti-infective Drugs 6. 1 ANTHELM/NTHICS 6.1.1 INTESTINAL ANTHELMINTHICS albendazole levamisole (8) *mebendazole niclosamide piperazine praziquantel pyrantel 6.1.2 ANTIFILARIALS diethylcarbamazine ivermectin Complementary drug suramin sodium (2, 7) (B) chewable tablet, 200 mg tablet, 50 mg, 150 mg (as hydrochloride) chewable tablet, 100 mg chewable tablet, 500 mg tablet, 500 mg hydrate (as adipate or citrate) elixir or symp (as citrate) equivalent to 500 mg hydrate/5 ml tablet, 150 mg, 600 mg chewable tablet, 250 mg (as embonate) oral suspension, 50 mg (as embonate)/ml tablet, 50 mg (dihydrogen citrate) scored tablet, 6 mg powder for injection, 1 g in vial 6.1.3 ANTISCHISTOSOMALS metrifonate oxamniquine praziquantel 6.2 ANT/BACTERIALS 6.2.1 PENlCILLlNS *amoxicillin (4) ampicillin (4) benzathine benzylpenicillin tablet, 100 mg capsule, 250 mg syrup, 250 mg/5 ml tablet, 600 mg capsule or tablet, 250 mg, 500 mg (anhydrous) powder for oral suspension, 125 mg (anhydrous)/5 ml powder for injection, 500 mg (as sodium salt) in vial powder for injection, 1.44 g benzylpenicillin (= 2.4 million lU) in 5-ml vial powder for injection, 600 mg (= 1 million lU), 3 g (= 5 million lU) (as sodium or potassium salt) in vial benzylpenicillin *cloxacillin capsule, 500 mg (as sodium salt) powder for oral solution, 125 mg (as sodium salt)/5 ml powder for injection, 500 mg (as sodium salt) in vial tablet, 250 mg (as potassium salt) powder for oral suspension, 250 mg (as potassium salt)/5 ml phenoxymethylpenicillin powderfor injection, 1 g, 2 g (as sodium salt) in vial *piperacillin powder for injection, 1 g (=1 million lU), 3 g (= 3 million lU) procaine benzylpenicillin 6.2.2 OTHER ANTIBACTERIALS ‘chloramphenicol (7) capsule, 250 mg oral suspension, 150 mg (as palmitate salt)/5 ml powder for injection, 1 g (as sodium succinate) in vial capsule or tablet, 100 mg (as hyclate) doxycycline (5, 6) capsule or tablet, 250 mg (as stearate or ethylsuccinate) *eryth romycin powder for oral suspension, 125 mg (as stearate or ethylsuccinate) powder for injection, 500 mg (as lactobionate) in vial injection, 10 mg, 40 mg (as sulfate)/ml in 2-ml vial tablet, 200 — 500 mg injection, 500 mg in 100-ml vial *gentamicin (2, 4, 7) *metronidazole suppository, 500 mg, 1 g oral suspension, 200 mg (as benzoate)/5 ml spectinomycin (8) powder for injection, 2 g (as hydrochloride) in vial tablet, 500 mg oral suspension, 500 mg/5 ml *sulfadimidine (4) injection, 1 g (sodium salt) in 3-ml ampoule * Example of a therapeutic group. Various drugs can serve as alternatives. 192 WHO DnJg Information Vol. 7, No. 4, 1993 Essential Drugs *sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (4) tablet, 100 mg + 20 mg, 400 mg + 80 mg oral suspension, 200 mg + 40 mg/5 ml *tetracycline capsule or tablet, 250 mg (hydrochloride) Complementary drugs chloramphenicol (C) oily suspension for injection 0,5g (as sodium succinate)/ ml in 2-ml ampoule ciprofloxacin (B) tablet, 250 mg (as hydrochloride) clindamycin (B) injection, 150 mg (as phosphate)/ml nalidixic acid (C) tablet 500 mg nitrofurantoin (B) (4, 7) tablet, 100 mg trimethoprim (B) tablet, 100 mg, 200 mg The need for and use of additonal reserve antimicrobials for specific infections resistant to the antibacterials on the main list is discussed in Section 6 of WHO Technical Report Series, No. 825 (1992). Examples of reserve antimicrobials are cefalosporins and vancomycin. 6.2.3 ANTILEPROSY DRUGS clotazimine capsule, 50 mg, 100 mg dapsone tablet, 50 mg, 100 mg rifampicin capsule or tablet, 150 mg, 300 mg 6.2.4 ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS ethambutol (4) tablet, 100 — 400 mg (hydrochloride) isoniazid tablet, 100 — 300 mg pyrazinamide tablet, 500 mg rifampicin capsule or tablet, 150 mg, 300 mg rifampicin + tablet,150 mg + 100 mg, isoniazid 300 mg + 150 mg streptomycin (4) powder for injection, 1 g (as sulfate) in vial Complementary dnJg thioacetazone + isoniazid (A) (7) tablet, 50 mg + 100 mg, 150 mg + 300 mg 6.3 ANT/FUNGAL DRUGS amphotericin B (4) powder for injection, 50 mg in vial griseofulvin (8) capsule or tablet, 125 mg, 250 mg tablet, 200 mg oral suspension, 100 mg/5 ml *ketoconazole (2) nystatin tablet, 100 000, 500 000 IU lozenge 100 000 IU pessary, 100 000 IU Complementary drug flucytosine (B) (4, 8) capsule, 250 mg infusion, 2.5 g in 250 ml 6.4 ANT/PROTOZOAL DRUGS 6.4.1 ANTIAMOEBlC AND ANTIGIARDIASIS DRUGS *diloxanide tablet, 500 mg (furoate) tablet, 200 -— 500 mg injection, 500 mg in 100-ml vial ‘metronidazole oral suspension, 200 mg (as benzoate)/5 ml Complementary drug chloroquine (8) tablet, 100 mg, 150 mg (as phosphate or sulfate) 6.4.2 ANTILEISHMANIASIS DRUGS *meglumine antimoniate injection, 30%, equivalent to approx. 8.5% antimony, in 5-ml ampoule powder for injection, 200 mg (isetionate) in vial pentamidine (5) 6.4.3 ANTlMALARIAL DRUGS (a) FOR CURATIVE TREATMENT tablet, 100 mg, 150 mg (as phosphate or sulfate) ‘chloroquine syrup, 50 mg (as phosphate or sulfate)/5 ml injection, 40 mg (as hydro— chloride phosphate or sulfate)/ml in 5-ml ampoule primaquine tablet, 7.5 mg, 15 mg (as diphosphate) quinine tablet, 300 mg (as bisulfate or sulfate) injection, 300 mg (as dihydrochloride)/ml in 2-ml ampoule Complementary drugs mefloquine (B) tablet, 250 mg (as hydrochloride) * Example of a therapeutic group. Various drugs can serve as alternatives. 193 Essential Drugs WHO Drug Information Vol. 7, No. 4, 1993 *sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine (B) *tetracycline (B)1 tablet, 500 mg + 25 mg capsule or tablet, 250 mg (hydrochloride) (b) FOR PROPHYLAXIS chloroquine tablet, 150 mg (as phosphate or sulfate) symp, 50 mg (as phosphate or sulfate)/5 ml mefloquine tablet, 250 mg (as hydrochloride) proguanilz tablet, 100 mg (hydrochloride) 6.4.4 ANTITRYPANOSOMAL DRUGS (a) AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS melarsoprol (5) injection, 3.6% solution pentamidine (5) powder for injection, 200 mg (isetionate) in vial suramin sodium powder for injection, 1 g in vial Complementary drug eflomithine (C) injection, 200 mg (hydro- chloride)/ml in 100 ml bottles (b) AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS tablet, 100 mg tablet, 30 mg, 120 mg, 250 mg benznidazole (7) nifurtimox (2, 8) 6.5 INSECT REPELLENTS diethyltoluamide topical solution, 50%, 75% Section 7: Antimigraine Drugs 7.1 FOR TREATMENT OFACUTE ATTACK ‘acetylsalicylic acid tablet, 300 — 500 mg ergotamine (7) tablet, 1 mg (tartrate) paracetamol tablet, 300 — 500 mg 7.2 FOR PROPHYLAX/S *propranolol tablet, 20 mg, 40 mg (hydrochloride) Section 8: Antineoplastics, lmmunosuppressives and Drugs Used in Palliative Care 8.1 IMMUNOSUPPRESS/VE DRUGS *azathiopn'ne (2) tablet, 50 mg powder for injection, 100 mg (as sodium salt) in vial capsule, 25 mg concentrate for injection 50 mg/ml in 1-ml ampoule 8.2 CYTOTOX/C DRUGS asparaginase (2) ciclosporin (2)3 powder for injection 10 000 IU in vial powder for injection, 15 mg (as sulfate) in vial tablet, 15 mg injection, 3 mg/ml in 10—ml ampoule bleomycin (2) calcium folinate (2) powder for injection, 10 mg, 50 mg in vial cisplatin (2) chlormethine (2) powder for injection 10 mg (hydrochloride) in vial tablet, 25 mg powder for injection, 500 mg in vial cyclophosphamide (2) powder for injection, 100 mg in vial cytarabine (2) powder for injection, 100 mg in vial dacarbazine (2) dactinomycin (2) powder for injection, 500 pg in vial powder for injection, 10 mg, 50 mg (hydrochloride) in vial *doxorubicin (2) etoposide (2) capsule, 100 mg injection, 20 mg/ml in 5-ml ampoule injection, 50 mg/ml in 5—ml ampoule fluorouracil (2) levamisole (2) tablet, 50 mg (as hydrochloride) mercaptopurine (2) tablet, 50 mg * Example of a therapeutic group. Various drugs can serve as alternatives. 1 For use only in combination with quinine. 2 For use only in combination withchloroquine. 3 For organ transplantation. 194 WHO Drug Information Vol. 7, No.4, 1993 Essential Drugs methotrexate (2) tablet, 2.5 mg (as sodium salt) powder for injection, 50 mg (as sodium salt) in vial procarbazine capsule, 50 mg (as hydrochloride) vinblastine (2) powderfor injection, 10 mg (sulfate) in vial vincristine (2) powder for injection, 1 mg, 5 mg (sulfate) in vial 8.3 HORMONES AND ANT/HORMONES tablet, 5 mg powder for injection, 20 mg, 25 mg, (as sodium phosphate or sodium succinate) in vial *prednisolone tamoxifen tablet, 10 mg, 20 mg (as citrate) 8.4 DRUGS USED IN PALLIA TIVE CARE The essential drugs are those included in the WHO publication Cancer Pain Relief WHO, Geneva, 1986. They are listed in the relevant section of the Model List, according to their therapeutic use, e.g. analgesics. Section 9: Antiparkinsonism Drugs *biperiden tablet, 2 mg (hydrochloride) injection, 5 mg (lactate) in 1-ml ampoule levodopa + tablet, 100 mg + 10 mg, *carbidopa (5, 6) 250 mg + 25 mg Section 10: Blood, Drugs affecting 10.1 ANTIANAEM/A DRUGS ferrous salt tablet, equivalent to 60 mg iron oral solution, equivalent to 25 mg iron (as sulfate)/1 ml tablet, 60 mg + 250 pg tablet, 1 mg, 5 mg ferrous salt + folic acid ‘ folic acid (2) injection, 1 mg (as sodium salt) in 1-ml ampoule hydroxocobalamin (2) injection, 1 mg in 1-ml ampoule Complementary drug *iron dextran (B) (5) injection, equivalent to 50 mg iron/ml in 2-ml ampoule 10.2 DRUGS AFFECTING COAGULATION desmopressin (8) injection, 4ug (acetate)lm| in 1-ml ampoule nasal spray 10 ug (acetate)/ metered dose heparin sodium injection, 1000 IU/ml, 5000 IU/ml, 20 000 lU/ml in 1-ml ampoule phytomenadione injection, 10 mg/ml in 5-ml ampoule tablet, 10 mg protamine sulfate injection, 10 mg/ml in 5-ml ampoule *warfarin (2, 6) tablet, 1, 2 and 5 mg (sodium salt) Section 11: Blood Products and Plasma Substitutes 11.1 PLASMA SUBSTITUTES *dextran 70 *polygeline injectable solution, 6% injectable solution, 3.5% 17.2 PLASMA FRACTIONS FOR SPECIFIC USE5 *albumin, human (2, 8) injectable solution, 5%, 25% Complementary drugs ‘factor VIII concentrate (C) (2, 8) (dried) *factor IX complex (coagulation factors ll, Vll, IX, X) concentrate (C) (2, 8) (dried) Section 12: Cardiovascular Drugs 12.1 ANT/ANGINAL DRUGS glyceryl trinitrate tablet (sublingual), 500 pg *isosorbide dinitrate tablet (sublingual), 5 mg ‘verapamil (10) tablet, 40 mg, 80 mg (hydrochloride) * Example of a therapeutic group. Various dnJgs can serve as alternatives. “ Nutritional supplement for use during pregnancy. 5All plasma fractions should comply with the WHO Requirements forthe Collection, Processing and Quality Control of Blood, Blood Components, and Plasma Derivatives (Revised 1992). In: WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization (43rd Report). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 840 (1994). 195 Essential Drugs WHO Drug lnfon'nation Vol. 7, No.4, 1993 ’propranolol tablet, 10 mg, 40 mg (hydrochloride) injection, 1 mg (hydrochloride) in 1-ml ampoule Complementary drug atenolol (B) tablet, 50 mg, 100 mg 12.2 ANT/DYSRHYTHM/C DRUGS lidocaine injection, 20 mg (hydrochloride)/m| in 5-ml ampoule tablet, 10 mg, 40 mg (hydrochloride) injection, 1 mg (hydrochloride) in 1-ml ampoule tablet, 40 mg, 80 mg (hydrochloride) injection, 2.5 mg (hydrochloride)/m| in 2-ml ampoule *propranolol verapamil (8) (10) Complementary drug atenolol (B) tablet, 50 mg, 100 mg isoprenaline (C) injection 1 mg (hydro-chloride)/m| *procainamide (B) tablet, 250 mg, 500 mg (hydrochloride) injection, 100 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in 10-ml ampoule *quinidine (A) (7) tablet, 200 mg (sulfate) 12.3 ANT/HYPERTENS/VE DRUGS *hydralazine tablet, 25 mg, 50 mg (hydrochloride) powder for injection, 20 mg (hydrochloride) in ampoule *hydrochlorothiazide tablet, 25 mg *nifedipine (10) capsule or tablet, 10 mg *propranolol tablet, 40 mg, 80 mg (hydrochloride) Complementary drugs atenolol (B) tablet, 50 mg, 100 mg methyldopa (B) (7) tablet, 250 mg tablet, 100 pg, 250 pg injection, 1 mg in 1-ml ampoule *rese rpine (A) powder for preparing infusion, 50 mg in ampoule 'sodium nitroprusside (C) (2. 8) *captopril (B) scored tablet, 25 mg 12.4 CARD/AC GL YCOS/DES digoxin (4) tablet, 62.5 pg, 250 pg oral solutionI 50 pg/ml injection, 250 pg/ml in 2-ml ampoule Complementary drug digitoxin (B) (6) tablet, 50 pg, 100 pg injection, 200 pg in 1-ml ampoule 12.5 DRUGS USED IN VASCULAR SHOCK injection, 40 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in 5-ml vial 12.6 ANT/THROMBOT/C DRUGS acetylsalicylic acid dopamine tablet, 100 mg Complementary drug streptokinase (C) powder for injection, 100 000 IU, 750 000 IU in Vial Section 13: Dermatological Drugs (topical) 13.1 ANT/FUNGAL DRUGS ointment or cream, 6% + 3% benzoic acid + salicylic acid *miconazole ointment or cream, 2% (nitrate) sodium thiosulfate solution, 15% Complementary drug dete rgent-based suspension, 2% selenium sulfide (C) 13.2 ANTI-INFECT/VE DRUGS *methylrosanilinium chloride aqueous solution, 0.5% (gentian violet) tincture, 0.5% ointment, 5 mg neomycin sulfate + 500 IU bacitracin zinc/g *neomycin + ”bacitracin silver sulfadiazine cream, 1%, in 500-g container 13.3 ANT/-INFLAMMATORYAND ANT/PRUR/T/C DRUGS *betamethasone (3) ointment or cream, 0.1% (as valerate) *calamine lotion lotion *hydrocortisone ointment or cream, 1% (acetate) " Example of a therapeutic group. Various drugs can serve as alternatives. 196 WHO Drug Information Vol. 7, No.4, 1993 Essential Drugs 13.4 ASTR/NGENT DRUGS aluminium diacetate solution, 13% for dilution 13.5 KEHATOPLAST/C AND KERATOLYT/C AGENTS benzoyl peroxide lotion or cream, 5% coal tar solution, 5% dithranol ointment, 0.1 — 2% fluorouracil ointment, 5% *podophyllum resin (7) solution, 10 -25% salicylic acid solution, topical 5% 13.6 SCABIC/DES AND PED/CUL/C/DES lotion, 25% cream, 1%, 5% benzyl benzoate permethrin 13. 7 UL TRAV/OLET BLOCK/NG AGENTS Complementaly drugs aminobenzoic acid, SPF15 (C)S *benzophenones, SPF15(C) *zinc oxide (C) cream, lotion or gel cream, lotion or gel cream, ointment Section 14: Diagnostic Agents 14.1 OPHTHALMIC DRUGS fluorescein eye drops, 1% (sodium salt) *tropicamide eye drops, 0.5% 14.2 RAD/OCONTHAST MEDIA *amidotrizoate injection, 140 —- 420 mg iodine (as sodium or meglumine salts)/m| in 20-ml ampoule barium sulfate aqueous suspension tablet, 500 mg oily suspension, 500-600 mg/ml in 20-ml ampoule7 *iopanoic acid *propyliodone Complementary drug *meglumine iotroxate (C) solution, 5 — 8 g iodine in 100—250 ml Section 15: Disinfectants and Antiseptics 15.1 ANT/SEPT/CS *chlor‘nexidine solution, 5% (digluconate) concentrate for dilution solution, 3% solution, 10% hydrogen peroxide *polyvidone iodine 15.2 D/S/NFECTANTS *calcium hypochlorite powder for solution glutaral solution, 2% Section 16: Diuretics *amiloride (4, 7, 8) tablet, 5 mg (hydrochloride) ‘turosemide tablet, 40 mg injection, 10 mg/ml in 2-ml ampoule *hydrochlorothiazide tablet, 25 mg, 50 mg Complementary drugs ‘mannitol (C) injectable solution, 10%, 20% spironolactone (C) tablet, 25 mg Section 17: Gastrointestinal Drugs 17.1 ANTAC/DS AND OTHER ANT/ULCEH DRUGS aluminium hydroxide tablet, 500 mg oral suspension, 320 mg/5 ml ‘cimetidine tablet, 200 mg injection, 200 mg in 2-ml ampoule magnesium hydroxide oral suspension, 550 mg magnesium oxide/1O ml 17.2 ANT/EMET/C DRUGS metoclopramide tablet, 10 mg (as hydrochloride) injection, 5 mg (as hydrochloride)/m| in 2-ml ampoule * Example of a therapeutic group. Various drugs can serve as alternatives. 5 SPF is an abbreviation for sun protection factor. 7 This suspension is for administration only into the bronchial tree. 197 Essential Drugs WHO Drug Information Vol. 7, No.4, 1993 tablet, 10 mg, 25 mg (hydrochloride) elixir or syrup, 5 mg (hydrochloride)/5 ml injection, 25 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in 2-ml ampoule *promethazine 17.3 ANT/HAEMORRHO/DAL DRUGS *local anaesthetic, astringent and anti-inflammatory drug ointment or suppository 17.4 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS suppositories, 25 mg (acetate) tablet, 500 mg hydrocortisone *sulfasalazine (2) 17.5 ANT/SPASMOD/C DRUGS tablet, 1 mg (sulfate) injection, 1 mg (sulfate) in 1-ml ampoule *atropine 17.6 CATHART/C DRUGS tablet, 7.5 mg (sennosides) (or traditional dosage forms) *senna 17.7 D/ARRHOEA, DRUGS USED IN 17.7.1 ORAL REHYDRATION oral rehydration salts (for glucose/ electrolyte solution) powder, 27.9 g/l Components to reconstitute 1 litre of g/l glucose/electrolyte solution: j sodium chloride 3.5 j trisodium citrate dihydrate7 2.9 ; potassium chloride 1.5 1 glucose 20.0 17.7.2 ANTlDlARRHOEAL (SYMPTOMATIC) DRUGS *codeine (1a) tablet, 30 mg (phosphate) Section 18: Hormones, other Endo- crine Drugs and Contraceptives 18.1 ADRENAL HORMONES AND SYNTHETIC SUBSTITUTES *dexamethasone tablet, 500 pg, 4 mg injection, 4 mg (as sodium phosphate) in 1-ml ampoule hydrocortisone powder for injection, 100 mg (as sodium succinate) in vial *prednisolone tablet, 1 mg, 5 mg Complementary drug fludrocortisone (C) tablet, 100 ug (acetate) 18.2 ANDROGENS Complementary drug injection. 200 mg (enantate) in 1-ml ampoule testosterone (C) (2) 18.3 CONTRACEPTIVES 18.3.1 HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES tablet, 30 ug + 150 pg, 30 ug + 250 pg tablet, 35 ug + 1.0 mg *ethinylestradiol + *Ievonorgestrel *ethinylestradiol + *norethisterone Complementary drugs injection, 150 mg/ml in 1—ml, 50 mg/ml in 3-ml vials tablet, 350 ug depot medroxy— progesterone acetate (B) (7, 8) *norethisterone (B) norethisterone enantate (B) (7, 8) oily solution , 200 mg/ml in 1-ml ampoule 18.3.2 lNTRAUTERINE DEVlCES copper-containing device 18.3.3 BARRIER METHODS condoms with or without spermicide (nonoxinol) diaphragms with spermicide (nonoxinol) * Example of a therapeutic group. Various drugs can serve as alternatives. 7Trisodium citrate dihydrate may be replaced by sodium bicarbonate (sodium hydrogen carbonate) 2.5 g/litre. However, as the stability of this latterfon'nulation is very poor under tropical conditions, it is only recommended when manufac- tured for immediate use. 198 WHO Drug lnfon'nation Vol. 7, No. 4, 1993 Essential Drugs 18.4 ESTROGENS *ethinylestradiol tablet, 50 pg 18.5 INSUL/NS AND OTHER ANT/DIABETIC AGENTS insulin injection (soluble) injection, 40 lU/ml in 10-ml vial, 80 lU/ml in 10-ml vial, 100 lU/ml in 10-ml vial injection, 40 lU/ml in 10-ml vial, 80 lU/ml in 10-ml vial, 100 lU/ml in 10-ml vial (as compound insulin zinc suspension or isophane insulin) tablet, 500 mg intennediate-acting insulin *tolbutamide 18.6 OVULAT/ON INDUCERS *clomifene (2, 8) tablet, 50 mg (citrate) 18. 7 PROGESTOGENS norethisterone tablet, 5 mg Complementary drug medroxyprogesterone acetate (8) tablet, 5 mg 18.8 THYROID HORMONES AND ANTITHYROID DRUGS levothyroxine tablet, 50 pg, 100 pg (sodium salt) potassium iodide tablet, 60 mg *propylthiouracil tablet, 50 mg Section 19: Immunologicals 19.1 DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS tuberculin,a purified protein derivative (PPD) injection 19.2 SERA AND IMMUNOGLOBUL/NS 9 anti-D immunoglobulin, injection, 250 pg in (human) single-dose vial antiscorpion sera injection *antitetanus immunoglobulin, injection, 500 IU human in vial antivenom serum injection injection, 10 000 IU, 20 000 IU in vial diphtheria antitoxin immunoglobulin, human normal (2) injection (i.m.) immunoglobulin, human normal (2, 8) injection (i.v.) ‘rabies immunoglobulin injection, 150 IU/ml 19.3 VACCINES ’0 19.3.1 FOR UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION BCG vaccine (dried) injection diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus injection vaccme diphtheria-tetanus vaccine injection hepatitis B vaccine injection measles-mumps-rubella vaccine injection measles vaccine injection poliomyelitis vaccine oral solution (live attenuated) poliomyelitis vaccine (inactivated) injection tetanus vaccine injection 19.3.2 FOR SPECIFIC GROUPS OF INDIVIDUALS influenza vaccine injection meningoooccal vaccine injection rabies vaccine injection rubella vaccine injection typhoid vaccine injection yellow fever vaccine injection Section 20: Muscle Relaxants (peripherally act- ing) and Cholinesterase Inhibitors *alcuronium chloride (2) injection, 5 mg/ml in 2-ml ampoule *neostigmine bromide tablet, 15 mg injection, 500 pg, 2.5 mg (metilsulfate) in 1-ml ampoule * Example of a therapeutic group. Various drugs can serve as alternatives. 8 All tuberculins should comply with the WHO Requirements torTuberculins (Revised 1985). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 745, 1987. 9 All plasma fractions should comply with the WHO Requirements for the Collection, Processing and Quality Control of Blood, Blood Components and Plasma Deriviatives (Revised 1992). WHO Technical Report Series, (in press). 1" All vaccines should comply with the WHO Requirements for Biological Substances. 199 Essential Drugs WHO Drug Information Vol. 7, No.4, 1993 tablet, 60 mg injection, 1 mg in 1-ml ampoule pyridostigmine bromide (2, 8) injection, 50 mg/ml in 2-ml ampoule powder for injection suxamethonium (2) chloride Complementary drug powder for injection, 10 mg in vial vecuronium bromide (C) Section 21: Ophthalmological Preparations 21.1 ANTI-INFECT/VEAGENTS solution (eye drops), 0.3% solution (eye drops), 0.1% eye ointment, 0.2% *gentamicin ‘idoxu ridine solution (eye drops), 1% eye ointment, 1% (hydrochloride) silver nitrate *tetracycline 21.2 ANTI-INFLAMMATORYAGENTS *prednisolone eye drops, 0.5% 21.3 LOCAL ANAESTHET/CS solution (eye drops), 0.5% (hydrochloride) *tetracaine 21.4 M/OTICS AND ANT/GLAUCOMA DRUGS acetazolamide tablet, 250 mg *pilocarpine solution (eye drops), 2%, 4% (hydrochloride or nitrate) *timolol solution (eye drops), 0.25%, 0.5% (maleate) 21.5 MYDR/ATICS atropine solution (eye drops), 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% (sulfate) Complementary drug epinephrine (A) solution (eye drops), 2% (as hydrochloride) Section 22: Oxytocics and Antioxytocics 22. 1 OXYTOCICS *ergometrine tablet, 200 pg (hydrogen maleate) injection, 200 pg (hydrogen maleate) in 1-ml ampoule oxytocin injection, 10 IU in 1—ml ampoule 22.2 ANT/OXYTOC/CS *salbutamol (2) tablet, 4 mg (as sulfate) injection, 50 pg (as sulfate)/ml in 5-ml ampoule Section 23: Peritoneal Dialysis Solution intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition) parenteral solution Section 24: Psychotherapeutic Drugs 24.1 DRUGS USED IN PSYCHOT/C DISORDERS tablet, 100 mg (hydrochloride) syrup, 25 mg (hydrochloride)/5 ml injection, 25 mg (hydrochloride)/m| in 2-ml ampoule *chlorpromazine injection, 25 mg (decanoate or enantate) in 1-ml ampoule *fluphenazine (5) *haloperidol tablet, 2 mg, 5 mg injection, 5 mg in 1-ml ampoule 24.2 DRUGS USED IN MOOD DISORDERS *amitriptyline tablet, 25 mg (hydrochloride) lithium carbonate (2, 4) capsule or tablet, 300 mg 24.3 DRUGS USED FOR SEDAT/ON AND GENERAL/ZED ANXIETY DISORDERS *diazepam (1b) scored tablet, 2 mg, 5 mg * Example of a therapeutic group. Various drugs can sen/e as alternatives. 200 WHO Drug lnfon'nation Vol. 7, No.4, 1993 Essential Drugs 24.4 DRUGS USED FOR OBSESS/VE COMPULSIVE DISORDERS AND PAN/C ATTACKS clomipramine capsules, 10 mg, 25 mg (hydrochloride) Section 25: Drugs Acting on the Respiratory Tract 25.1 ANT/ASTHMATIC DRUGS tablet, 100 mg. 200 mg injection, 25 mg/ml in 10-ml ampoule *aminophylline (2) (10) *beclometasone inhalation (aerosol), 50 pg (dipropionate) per dose *epinephrine injection, 1 mg (as hydrochloride or hydrogen tartrate) in 1-ml ampoule *salbutamol tablet, 2 mg, 4 mg (as sulfate) inhalation (aerosol), 100 pg (as sulfate) per dose syrup, 2 mg (as sulfate)/5 ml injection, 50 pg (as sulfate)/m| in 5-ml ampoule respirator solution for use in nebulizers, 5 mg (as sulfate)/ml Complementary dnlgs *cromoglicic acid (B) inhalation (cartridge), 20 mg (sodium salt) per dose 25.2 ANTITUSSIVES *codeine (1a) tablet, 10 mg (phosphate) Section 26: Solutions correcting Water, Electro- lyte and Acid-base Disturbances 26.1 ORAL oral rehydration salts (for glucose] see section electrolyte solution) 17.7.1 potassium chloride powder for solution 26.2 PARENTERAL *compound solution of sodium lactate injectable solution glucose injectable solution, 5% isotonic, 50% hypertonic glucose with injectable solution, 4% sodium chloride glucose, 0.18% sodium chloride (equivalent to Na+ 30 mmol/l Cl" 30 mmol/l ) 11.2% solution in 20-ml ampoule, (equivalent to K* 1.5 mmol/ml,Cl*1.5 mmol/ml) potassium chloride (2) sodium chloride injectable solution, 0.9% isotonic (equivalent to Nat154 mmol/l, CL*154 mmol/l) sodium hydrogen injectable solution, 1.4% carbonate isotonic (equivalent to Nat167 mmol/l, HCOa—167 mmol/l) 8.4% solution in 10-ml ampoule (equivalent to Na‘1000 mmol/l, HCOS‘1000 mmol/l) 26.3 MISCELLANEOUS water for injection 2—ml, 5—ml, 10-ml ampoules Section 27: Vitamins and Minerals ascorbic acid tablet, 50 mg *ergocalciferol capsule or tablet, 1.25 mg (50 000 IU) oral solution, 250 pg/ml (10 000 lU/ml) iodized oil, 1 ml (480 mg iodine), 0.5 ml (240 mg iodine) in ampoule (oral or injectable) iodized oil, 0.57 ml (308 mg iodine) in dispenser bottle iodine (8) capsule, 200 mg tablet, 50 mg tablet, 25 mg (hydrochloride) sugar-coated tablet, 10 000 IU *nicotinamide pyridoxine ‘retinol * Example of a therapeutic group. Various dmgs can serve as alternatives. 201 Essential Drugs WHO Drug Information Vol. 7, No. 4, 1993 The following changes in the WHO Model List were approved by the WHO Expert Committee on the Use of Essential Drugs which met on 15 — 19 November 1993. The report of the meeting will be published in the WHO Technical Report Series. Deletions: ephedrine, mupirocin, tiabendazole. Additions: Main list Complementary list asparginase nalidixic acid chlormethine isoprenaline Replacements clomipramine polyvidone iodine for iodine alcuronium chloride for gallamine 202