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TDR results 2014 report: measuring for improvement

July 9, 2015 World Health Organization

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TDR Results 2014 Report Measuring for improvement

For research on diseases of poverty UNICEF • UNDP • World Bank • WHO

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TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

TDR Results 2014 Report 1. Summary .......................................................................................................................... 4 2. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 5 3. Achieving TDR’s scientific and technical objectives ........................................................... 9 3.1 Outcome: Infectious disease knowledge, solutions and implementation strategies translated into policy and practice in disease endemic countries ...................................................................................... 9 3.2 Main output: New and improved solutions and implementation strategies that respond to health needs of disease endemic countries developed ...................................................................................... 10 3.3 Feeder output: High quality intervention and implementation research evidence produced .................. 12 3.4 Feeder output: Enhanced research and knowledge transfer capacity within disease endemic countries ................................................................................................................................................. 15 3.5 Feeder output: Key stakeholders in disease endemic countries engaged in setting the research agenda and ensuring research reflects their needs ................................................................................. 17

4. Applying TDR core values to our work ............................................................................ 18 4.1 Socio‐economic and gender equity ......................................................................................................... 18 4.2 Effective partnerships ............................................................................................................................. 24 4.3 Sustainability of outcomes ...................................................................................................................... 24 4.4 Quality of work ........................................................................................................................................ 24

5. Management performance ............................................................................................. 25 5.1 Effective resource mobilization ............................................................................................................... 25 5.2 Effective management ............................................................................................................................ 25

6. Continuous performance improvement: learning from success and failure ..................... 27 7. Annexes .......................................................................................................................... 28 Annex 1. List of TDR‐supported peer‐reviewed publications 2014 ................................................................... 28 Annex 2. Progress on the TDR’s current portfolio of expected results – Status as at 31 December 2014 ......... 45 Annex 3. Tools and strategies developed or contributed by TDR and that have been in use for at least 2 years ..................................................................................................................................................... 46 Annex 4. Estimate leverage in 2014 ................................................................................................................. 50 Annex 5. 2014 contributions to the 2014‐15 biennium .................................................................................... 51

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

1. Summary The year 2014 represented a solid step forward towards achieving TDR’s goals and delivering new tools, solutions and strategies against infectious diseases of poverty. The vast majority of the expected results are on track despite a challenging environment that led to a number of TDR’s staff dedicating time and effort to fighting the Ebola outbreak. This report shows progress made on various performance indicators related to three overarching categories: technical expected results, application of organizational core values, and managerial performance. Projects in research capacity strengthening made significant progress. The number of individual training grants increased greatly in 2014 compared to previous years, with 103 new grants awarded addressing global and regional priorities. The School of Public Health at the University of Ghana in Accra was selected as the TDR Regional Training Centre in the African region and will develop training programmes based on both the Implementation Research Toolkit developed by TDR and the School’s own courses in implementation research. TDR’s network of Regional Training Centres is now disseminating training courses in a geographical area expanded to include the Western Pacific, South‐East Asia and European WHO regions, in addition to the Americas, its inception point. TDR trainees’ career tracking showed that 88% of respondents still worked in health research, they returned to their regions (and countries) of origin following completion of their education, they were twice more likely to manage teams and three times more likely to be in permanent posts than their European counterparts. This information came from a European Science Foundation survey of grantees from several institutions, including TDR. TDR trainees rated the importance of support by their sponsor much higher, indicating a higher level of appreciation. The number of peer‐reviewed publications supported by TDR in 2014 increased significantly from 120 to 227compared to the previous year. The proportion published in open or free access was 88%, a significant increase compared to previous years, and a reflection of recent policies of both TDR and WHO on open‐access publications. First authors came from 54 DEC (disease endemic country) and 18 non‐DEC countries from all WHO regions. The proportion of women as first author reached an all‐time peak of 47% of TDR‐supported publications. The proportion of contracts awarded to women in 2014 was 43%, the highest in recent years. Reflecting the Programme’s focus on gender equity as a core value, TDR initiated a project to identify and gather solutions to roadblocks that affect the careers of women researchers. New research evidence, summarized in this report, contributed to innovative tools, strategies and solutions likely leading to improved prevention, diagnosis and treatment, with a positive impact on beneficiaries in disease endemic countries. Projects benefited from partnerships with control programmes, academia and communities, and for each dollar invested in TDR direct operations in 2014, we estimate another three dollars were leveraged from partners. To improve the development of products for diseases that disproportionately affect developing countries, the World Health Assembly (WHA) adopted a resolution to establish a new mechanism for funding health R&D through a voluntary, pooled fund, and identified TDR as the best existing mechanism to develop the proposed R&D fund. A new business model is being tested to enhance TDR’s efficiency through collaboration with institutions in low and middle income countries (e.g. administration of postgraduate training grants by universities and implementation through partnerships of the initiative on social innovation in health). This business model, the Programme’s strategy and performance will be assessed in 2015 and 2016, with the goal of continuing to achieve the best value for money in the fight against infectious diseases of poverty.

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

2. Introduction The 2014 Results Report measures the set of performance indicators against targets and in line with the 2012‐2017 strategic plan and the current Performance Assessment Framework approved by the JCB in June 2013. The report shows progress made on various performance indicators related to three overarching categories: technical expected results, application of organizational core values and managerial performance. Aside from the work on its strategic areas (intervention and implementation research and research capacity strengthening), TDR has responded to the call of the World Health Assembly and is incubating the global mechanism for funding health R&D for diseases that disproportionately affect developing countries. As shown in the diagram below, TDR aims for a global impact to reduce the burden of infectious diseases of poverty. TDR’s contribution is made possible by the overall outcome of the Programme, which is the translation of new knowledge, solutions and tools into policy and practice in disease endemic countries. These in turn are the result of three feeder outputs that support and complete each other, with the sustainability of research outputs being enhanced by the engagement of stakeholders and by the capacity built in countries.

Figure 1 ‐ TDR results chain

An overview of the progress made on each of TDR’s key performance indicators is presented in the monitoring and evaluation matrix (see Table 1), with further detail being provided in the body of the report.

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Table 1‐ TDR's monitoring and evaluation matrix 2012‐2017 Expected results

Key performance indicators

Baseline (2011)

Target (2017)

Progress (contribution 2014)

Frequency of measurement

Technical expected results Outcome: Infectious disease knowledge, solutions and implementation strategies translated into policy and practice in disease endemic countries 1. Number and proportion of innovative knowledge, new/improved solutions or implementation strategies successfully applied in developing countries 2. Number of tools and reports that have been used to inform policy and/or practice of global/regional stakeholders or major funding agencies 3. Number and proportion of innovative knowledge, new/improved solutions or implementation strategies developed in response to requests from WHO control programmes and/or diseases endemic countries 4. Number of peer‐reviewed publications supported by TDR and percentage published in open access journals

30 ≥75% 7

17 (+4) 70% 3 (0) 16 (+6) 100% 554 (2012‐2014) (+227 in 2014) 88% open access (2014) 16 (+6) 67%

Measured annually, cumulative over 6 years Measured annually, cumulative over 6 years Measured annually, cumulative over 6 years

Main output: New and improved solutions and implementation strategies that respond to health needs of disease endemic countries developed

35 ≥87%

233 Not measured

≥150/year 100%

Measured annually

Feeder outputs: High quality intervention and implementation research evidence produced

5. Number and evidence of new/improved tools, case‐management, control or implementation strategies generated through TDR facilitation with systematic quality review by external committees 6. Proportion of peer‐reviewed publications supported by TDR with first author from Disease Endemic Country (DEC) institutions 7. Number of DEC institutions and/or networks demonstrating expanded scope of activities and/or increased funding from alternative sources thanks to TDR support 8. Number of TDR grantees/trainees and proportion demonstrating career progression and/or increased scientific productivity

Measured annually, cumulative over 6 years Measured annually

61%

≥70%

Enhanced research and knowledge transfer capacity within disease endemic countries

3 (+3) 58/68 85% 140 new trainees (+103 in 2014)

Measured annually, cumulative over 6 years Measured on cohorts 3‐5 years after training ended

150 ≥80%

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Expected results Key stakeholders in disease endemic countries engaged in setting the research agenda and ensuring research reflects their needs

Key performance indicators 9. Number and evidence of research‐related agendas, recommendations and practices agreed by stakeholders at global, regional or country level 10. Proportion of TDR outputs produced with key DEC stakeholder active involvement

Baseline (2011) 0

Target (2017) 9

Progress (contribution 2014) 8 (0) 100%

Frequency of measurement Measured annually, cumulative over 6 years Measured annually

Not measured

100%

Application of core values Equity Social and economic: Gender: 11. Proportion of TDR grants/contracts awarded to institutions or individuals in DECs (total count and total dollar amount) 12. Proportion of experts from DECs on TDR advisory committees

59% DEC 58%

75% DEC 60%

70% DEC (amount) 62% DEC (count) 71%

Measured annually

13. Proportion of women among grantees/contract recipients (total count and total amount) 14. Proportion of women on TDR advisory committees 15. Proportion of women as first author of peer‐reviewed publications supported by TDR (within a calendar year)

35% (n) 17% ($) 32%

50%

43% (% count) 28% (% amount) 43%

Measured annually

50%

Measured annually

Not measured Not measured 51

50%

47%

Measured annually

Effective partnerships

16. Resources leveraged as direct contributions (co‐funding, services or in‐kind) to TDR projects (examples) 17. Number of effective public health tools and strategies developed which have been in use for at least two years 18. Proportion of project final reports found satisfactory by peer‐ review committees

tbd

1:3 (provisional data) ($ TDR : $ partners) 72

Measured annually

Sustainability of outcomes

Measured annually, two years after adoption Measured annually

Quality of work

Not measured

>80%

100%

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Expected results

Key performance indicators

Baseline (2011)

Target (2017)

Progress (contribution 2014)

Frequency of measurement Measured in the second year of each biennium Measured in the second year of each biennium Measured annually

Management performance Effective resource mobilization

78%

≥100%

To be measured in 2015 To be measured in 2015 90.4%

19. Percentage of approved biennial budget successfully funded

20. Percentage of income received from multi‐year agreements

Not measured Not measured 60%

tbd

Effective management

21. Percentage of staff workplans and performance reviews (including personal development plan) completed on time 22. Proportion of expected results on track 23. Proportion of significant risk management action plans that are on track

≥90%

≥80%

69%

Measured annually

Not measured

≥80%

100%

Measured annually

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

3. Achieving TDR’s scientific and technical objectives The indicators covering TDR’s achievement of expected results measure the outcome level as well as the outputs generated which, once translated into policy and practice, will have an impact on the burden of disease in countries.

3.1 Outcome: Infectious disease knowledge, solutions and implementation strategies translated into policy and practice in disease endemic countries TDR works with partners in disease endemic countries (DECs) to generate essential knowledge and evidence for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of poverty, and to facilitate translation of the solutions into policy and improved healthcare. TDR’s approach leads to strengthening health systems operations in these countries, ultimately reducing the burden of infectious diseases of poverty. This is done through three key mechanisms – the generation of new evidence and knowledge products, capacity building in disease endemic countries, and the formation of close working relationships with key policy makers and programme staff to ensure the translation of new knowledge into effective disease control efforts on the ground. Key performance indicators

Baseline (2011)

Target (2017)

Progress (contribution 2014) 17 (+4) 70% 3 (0)

1. Number and proportion of innovative knowledge, new/improved solutions or implementation strategies successfully applied in developing countries 2. Number of tools and reports that have been used to inform policy and/or practice of global/regional stakeholders or major funding agencies

30 ≥75% 7

Indicator 1 ‐ Number and proportion of innovative knowledge, new/improved solutions or implementation strategies successfully applied in developing countries Several new tools, solutions and strategies generated between 2012 and 2014 started being used by countries. Other tools, especially some of those developed in 2013, have not yet reached this stage; their utilization will be accounted for in future reports. Below is a list of tools utilized by countries.  The eco‐health approach was instrumental to improve and innovate the routine Chagas disease interventions in Bolivia, Guatemala and Mexico, e.g. through routine indoor residual spraying of insecticides against domestic vectors of Chagas disease by national control services.  Preliminary results from the eco‐system interventions in five study sites indicate a significant reduction in the density of dengue vectors compared to routine programmes, notably in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, but also in Ecuador and Uruguay. Policy‐makers and practitioners were an active part of the research initiative and committed to scaling up the interventions at city level.  Moxidectin was included in the list of 'alternative treatment strategies' to accelerate the elimination of onchocerciasis in Africa where feasible.

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

 In 2014 TDR launched the Implementation Research Toolkit to help strengthen capacity to conduct implementation research embedded in disease control programmes. This is a tutorial to be used by a broad range of stakeholders such as researchers, policy‐makers and disease control programme officers to identify system bottlenecks, formulate appropriate research questions and conduct research to address the bottlenecks. Soon after it was published, the TDR secretariat received requests from institutions and research teams in DECs starting to use the toolkit. In addition, several new IMPACT grant projects have been designed to apply the concepts in the toolkit. Indicator 2 ‐ Number of tools and reports that have been used to inform policy and/or practice of global/regional stakeholders or major funding agencies No change to this indicator occurred in 2014.

3.2 Main output: New and improved solutions and implementation strategies that respond to health needs of disease endemic countries developed Key performance indicators

Baseline (2011)

Target (2017)

Progress (contribution 2014) 16 (+6) 100% 554 (2012‐2014) (+227 in 2014) 88% open access (2014)

3. Number and proportion of: innovative knowledge, new/improved solutions or implementation strategies developed in response to requests from WHO control programmes and/or diseases endemic countries 4. Number of peer‐reviewed publications supported by TDR and percentage published in open access journals

35 ≥87%

233 Not measured

≥150/year 100%

Indicator 3 ‐ Number and proportion of: innovative knowledge, new/improved solutions or implementation strategies developed in response to requests from WHO control programmes and/or diseases endemic countries The totality of the outputs generated in 2014 (six, see indicator 5) were done in response to needs identified by countries, disease‐control programmes or international groups of experts with heavy representation from disease endemic countries researchers. Indicator 4 ‐ Number of peer‐reviewed publications supported by TDR and percentage published in open access journals The number of peer‐reviewed publications supported by TDR in 2014 increased significantly compared to the previous year, from 120 to 227. The proportion published in open or free access was 88%, a significant increase compared to previous years, and a reflection of recent policies of both TDR and WHO on open‐access publications. In order to promote and enhance the translation of research into practice, free access to research publications is key. To measure the extent to which TDR‐supported publications responded to the open‐ access concept, the percentage of publications electronically accessible (full text) on PubMed/MEDLINE were counted. In general, users can access articles free of charge either because they are published in an

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

open access journal (such as PLoS or BioMed Central journals) or they are stored in a free access repository (such as PubMed Central) at the request of one of the research funders. Other scenarios that guarantee free access are TDR‐funded journal supplements or special agreements between authors and publishers to make the access to a specific article free of charge for the reader. Of the 227 peer‐reviewed publications in 2014, 88% (n=201) complied with the concept of open / free access. This represents a significant increase from the previous year (from 50% to 88%), and is mainly due to application of the new open‐access policies. Of the 227 publications, 84 come from the SORT IT programme, reflecting outputs from operational research done by disease control programmes in DECs to address bottlenecks and issues in the implementation of their work. The SORT IT programme leverages significant resources from the countries involved, as well as from other organizations that are part of the initiative and their publications are entirely open access. Figure 2. ‐ TDR‐SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS: Proportion in open/free access, 2014

Open/free access 88%

Not open 12%

The complete list of publications supported by TDR in 2014 is attached in Annex 1. It provides the names of the authors, the publication title, name of the peer‐reviewed journal where it appeared and the institution as well as the country of the first author.

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

3.3 Feeder output: High quality intervention and implementation research evidence produced The generation of new research evidence comes as a result of research projects and grants that TDR funds. Key performance indicators

Baseline (2011)

Target (2017)

Progress (contribution 2014) 16 (+6)

61%

≥70%

67%

Indicator 5 ‐ Number and evidence of new/improved tools, case management, control or implementation strategies generated through TDR facilitation with systematic quality review by external committees  Evidence on incentives for community health workers. Incentivising community health workers to make a valuable contribution to the health outcomes of communities involves building and sustaining a meaningful, responsive, well‐resourced and well‐managed role for community health workers as part of both the health system and the broader communities in which they work. A revised version of the realistic review on incentives for community health workers entitled “Incentivize Community Health Worker Performance and Retention” was published in an online reference guide with case studies for programme managers and policy‐makers. In addition, during 2014 a multi‐country research initiative was completed to explore the current use of strategies for attraction, retention and performance management of community health workers in five African countries (DR Congo, Ghana, Senegal, Uganda and Zimbabwe).  Further to earlier work on dengue surveillance in 10 countries and its ability to detect outbreaks, a systematic literature review on dengue surveillance and contingency planning has been completed and published, identifying shortcomings of current dengue contingency plans and making evidence‐based recommendations for improvement. The retrospective study on the validity of alarm signals for dengue outbreaks in five countries (Brazil, Dominican Republic, Malaysia, Mexico and Viet Nam) has been completed. The third international TDR stakeholder conference highlighted the need for analysing prospectively the predictive value of alarm signals for dengue outbreaks and to establish cost‐effective response activities. This has now been taken up by the next phase of the dengue outbreak research programme.  Establishing a new global mechanism for funding health R&D. There has been a long‐running debate through the World Health Assembly (WHA) about how to improve the development of products for those diseases that disproportionately affect developing countries which culminated in a resolution at the WHA in 2013 to establish a new mechanism for funding health R&D through a pooled fund. The priorities for this fund would be identified by the establishment of a WHO observatory to track and monitor funding flows and other activities supporting R&D for neglected diseases. Following comparison with a number of other organizations, WHO identified TDR as the best existing mechanism to develop the proposed R&D fund.

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

 Summarizing evidence for policy drafting. Six systematic reviews conducted and published: 3 Cochrane (schistosomiasis treatment, malaria treatment and malaria diagnostics) and 3 non‐ Cochrane systematic reviews (malaria, schistosomiasis treatment and dengue surveillance and outbreak response). An additional review of how the strength of a recommendation in WHO’s guidelines (GRADE) affects uptake of the recommendation in national guidelines was conducted with other WHO departments and published in 2014.  The School of Public Health at the University of Ghana in Accra was selected in 2014 as the TDR Regional Training Centre in the African Region. The Regional Training Centre will develop training programmes based on both the contents of the Implementation Research Toolkit developed by TDR and the School’s own courses in implementation research.  New knowledge in the approaches to diagnosing and preventing visceral leishmaniasis. Initial findings related to identifying cases of visceral leishmaniasis indicate that the combined camp approach in the three countries (Bangladesh, India and Nepal) can identify cases not only of VL and PKDL but also tuberculosis and leprosy. Additionally, community‐based bednet impregnation with slow‐release insecticide reduced VL incidence by 65% in VL‐endemic areas in a large intervention study conducted in 72 VL‐endemic villages in Bangladesh (over 25 000 inhabitants). Indicator 6 ‐ Proportion of peer‐reviewed publications supported by TDR with first author from DEC institutions The percentage of publications with first authors from a DEC was 67%, relatively stable over the last 3 years. Figure 3. ‐ TDR‐SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS: first authors from DEC, 2008‐2014

Percentage of publications with first author from DEC 250 Number of publications 90 200 78% 70% 63 37 66 100 38 132 40% 153 62% 61% 73 65% 68% 74 67% 60% 80% 100%

150

149

109

143

134

20%

0 2008 2009 2010 DEC 2011 non‐DEC 2012 2013 % DEC 2014

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

The distribution by country of the first authors of 2014 publications is presented in Table 2. First authors come from 54 DEC and 18 non‐DEC countries from all six WHO regions, reflecting TDR’s global reach. The geographical coverage has increased significantly from previous years thanks to the SORT IT programme, which trains personnel from DEC disease control programmes in conducting operational research in their field. Table 2 ‐ TDR‐SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS: country of first author, 2014

DEC countries Afghanistan Argentina Armenia Azerbaijan Bangladesh Belarus Benin Bhutan Brazil Burkina Faso Cameroon China Colombia Congo, DR Cook Islands Côte d'Ivoire Egypt Ethiopia 1 6 1 1 2 3 2 1 7 2 6 7 4 2 1 2 3 5 Fiji Gambia Georgia Ghana Guatemala India Kenya Madagascar Mali Marshall Islands Mexico Micronesia Moldova Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Nicaragua Nigeria 11 2 2 6 1 11 7 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 Pakistan Papua New Guinea Philippines Rwanda Solomon Islands South Africa Sri Lanka Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Tunisia Uganda Ukraine Vanuatu Zambia 9 1 1 2 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 1

Non‐DEC countries Australia Belgium Canada Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Japan Latvia Luxembourg Netherlands New Caledonia New Zealand Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United States 6 5 2 2 1 7 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 14 11 13

Figure 4. – TDR‐SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS: first authors from a DEC, 2014

DEC 67% n=153

non‐DEC 33% n=74

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

3.4 Feeder output: Enhanced research and knowledge transfer capacity within disease endemic countries Key performance indicators

Baseline (2011)

Target (2017)

Progress (contribution 2014) 3 (+3) 58/68 85% 140 new trainees (+103 in 2014)

7. Number of DEC institutions and/or networks demonstrating expanded scope of activities and/or increased funding from alternative sources thanks to TDR support 8. Number of TDR grantees/trainees and proportion demonstrating career progression and/or increased scientific productivity

150 ≥80%

Indicator 7 ‐ Number of DEC institutions and/or networks demonstrating expanded scope of activities and/or increased funding from alternative sources thanks to TDR support  TDR’s network of Regional Training Centres is now disseminating the training courses in a geographical area initially covering south and central America (Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica and Peru), which has recently expanded to include Regional Training Centres in the Western Pacific (RITM, Philippines), South‐East Asia (GMU, Indonesia) and European (AMS, Kazakhstan) Regions. Regional Training Centres are appropriate vehicles for implementing and disseminating the training tools that TDR is developing within its expanding portfolio. Skill‐ building and train‐the‐trainer courses on effective project planning and evaluation (EPPE), Good Clinical Practices (GCP) and Good Clinical Laboratory Practices (GCLP) are now available in four RTCs, and some of the courses have been integrated in university curricula. A workshop involving representatives of these training centres was recently held to implement GCP/GCLP train‐the‐ trainer courses.  The Regional Training Centre in Latin America (CIDEIM, Cali, Colombia) established a network of institutions to further disseminate training skills and courses. In 2014, the Latin American network expanded coverage of the project management training programme through a skill‐ building course and a train‐the‐trainer course at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa; Instituto National de Salud, San Salvador, El Salvador; and Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud, San José, Costa Rica. In addition, this training programme has been developed as new e‐learning modules on budget planning, data analysis and data management.  The Regional Training Centre at Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia is now functioning and expanded the scope of its training courses by introducing a new course on Good Health Research Practice. To broaden the scope of research covered by the GCP guidelines (namely ethics and quality), the RTC network has collaborated with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the Secretariat of the WHO Ethics Review Committee in developing a training programme on Good Health Research Practice (GHRP). This training programme adapts the existing GCP guidelines to a wide range of health research, including implementation research, with a focus on low‐ and middle‐income countries. In 2014 this training course was piloted at the University of Heidelberg in Germany, and at the Regional Training Centre at Gadjah Mada University in Indonesia. The other regional training centres will use and disseminate the programme in 2015.

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Indicator 8 ‐ Number of TDR grantees/trainees and proportion demonstrating career progression and/or increased scientific productivity Career progression survey In 2014 TDR took part in the European Science Foundation career tracking survey pilot testing, conducted in collaboration with other funders of educational and training programmes. A TDR cohort of 150 grantees was selected and the survey was completed at the end of 2014 with a focus group discussion on the preliminary results held in December which involved TDR grantees. The survey results will be available in April 2015 and a report and manual on how to conduct such a survey will be published by mid‐2015. This survey will then be improved as needed before being implemented on a regular basis (every 2‐3 years). Preliminary survey data highlights regarding TDR grantees (77 respondents):   88% (68/77 respondents) still work in health research A much higher proportion of WHO/TDR respondents are involved in staff management (58/68 respondents) compared to their peers in the combined survey group (85% TDR compared to 40% others respectively) WHO/TDR respondents’ utilisation of their doctorate level skills is very high (92% use regularly) and higher than the combined group (85%) WHO/TDR respondents are much more heavily involved in research supervision of PhD and other students and colleagues than the combined group. They are also much more likely to be managing a research team and setting up a laboratory than the combined group. WHO/TDR respondents were nearly three times as likely as their European (mainly researcher) peers to be in permanent (mainly medical and educational) posts – but with a research component. A similarly high proportion of WHO/TDR respondents in comparison to the combined group respondents described themselves as Frascati referenced researchers (over 80%). Unlike respondents funded by other participant organizations, a significant proportion of the WHO/TDR respondents moved to Europe to complete their doctorates but returned to their regions (and countries) of origin following completion of their education WHO/TDR respondents rated the importance of support by their sponsor (WHO/TDR) much higher than the combined group average (x ̄ = 1.33 vs 2.01), indicating a higher level of appreciation WHO/TDR respondents’ reported outputs were broadly in line with the combined group apart from a higher level of awards and patents reported by WHO/TDR respondents

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

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Another survey will likely take place in 2016 involving research grantees in addition to training grantees. Progress – new grants in 2014 The number of grants awarded in 2014 increased greatly compared to previous years, with 103 new grants being awarded.  In 2014, 34 new impact grants were awarded, 8 that had been recommended from the first call for proposals (2013) and 26 from the second call (2014). In the second round, TDR received 460 applications from applicants in 74 LMICs. The main topics proposed were in epidemiology, vector control, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases of poverty. Other areas of interest were cross‐cutting and mainly related to health system strengthening, including health education, health systems analysis, ethics, knowledge management, research methodology and social science. The external reviewers research recommended 26 proposals for funding. The gender distribution (women/men) was 42%/58% among applicants and among those recommended for funding. The grants were awarded to investigators from 23 LMICs (Argentina, Bangladesh, Bolivia,

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Cameroon, Colombia, Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, India, Kenya, Liberia, Mongolia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tanzania, Thailand and Viet Nam).  The international postgraduate training scheme awarded 22 grants to nationals from LMICs to acquire postgraduate qualifications (MSc, PhD) and for other training towards careers in health research. The huge demand for training support is shown by the large number of applications (328) received.  Four WHO regional offices issued calls for proposals for small grants jointly with TDR. Following the selection process, 38 small grants were awarded in 2014 through this scheme.  In 2014 TDR awarded 9 highly competitive postdoctoral grants designed to facilitate mentorship and “re‐entry” of LMIC researchers in their home countries/institutions and to enable them to initiate independent research careers.  Career development fellowships ongoing. The European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) and TDR signed an agreement in 2014 to join forces in developing clinical trials capacity. Following a joint TDR‐EDCTP call for applications (deadline 31 January 2015) and a joint review and selection process, TDR will offer ten positions and EDCTP seven to eight positions per year, with placement of the fellows to start in the second semester of 2015. Twenty host organizations have agreed to participate in the first round of this new joint scheme. No new grants were awarded under this scheme in 2014.

3.5 Feeder output: Key stakeholders in disease endemic countries engaged in setting the research agenda and ensuring research reflects their needs Key performance indicators

Baseline (2011)

Target (2017)

Progress (contribution 2014) 8 (0) 100%

9. Number and evidence of research‐related agendas, recommendations and practices agreed by stakeholders at global, regional or country level 10. Proportion of TDR outputs produced with key DEC stakeholder active involvement

Not measured

100%

Indicator 9 ‐ Number and evidence of research‐related agendas, recommendations and practices agreed by stakeholders at global, regional or country level No change in 2014. Indicator 10 ‐ Proportion of TDR outputs produced with key DEC stakeholder active involvement All outputs generated in 2014 involved disease endemic countries in multiple ways: consultation to determine priorities; engagement of experts to design, review and oversee projects; awarding capacity‐ strengthening grants; working with the WHO regional offices; collaborating with vector control programmes or disease control programmes; or conducting and monitoring research in the field. Numerous project sites from DECs contributed financial or in kind resources.

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

4. Applying TDR core values to our work 4.1 Socio‐economic and gender equity Key performance indicators 11. Proportion of TDR grants/contracts awarded to institutions or individuals in DECs (total count and total dollar amount) 12. Proportion of experts from DECs on TDR advisory committees 13. Proportion of women among grantees/contract recipients (total count and total amount) 14. Proportion of women on TDR advisory committees 15. Proportion of women as first author of peer‐ reviewed publications supported by TDR (within a calendar year) Baseline (2011) 59% DEC

Target (2017) 75% DEC

Progress (contribution 2014) 70% DEC (amount) 62% DEC (count) 71%

58%

60%

35% (n) 17% ($) 32% Not measured

50%

43% (% count) 28% (% amount) 43% 47%

50% 50%

Indicator 11 ‐ Proportion of TDR grants/contracts awarded to institutions or individuals in DECs and low income countries (total count and total dollar amount) In 2014, the proportion of grants and contracts awarded to institutions and researchers in DECs (US$ 5.4 million) was 70%, which is a decrease from 2013 (75%). However this represents a significant year‐to‐year increase in the absolute amount awarded to DECs (US$ 5.4 million 2014 compared to US$ 3.7 million in 2013). Figure 5 ‐ GRANTS/CONTRACTS: proportion awarded to disease endemic countries (% count) in 2014

non‐DEC n=68 38% DEC n=109 62%

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Figure 6 ‐ GRANTS/CONTRACTS: proportion awarded to disease endemic countries (% amount) in 2014

non‐DEC US$2.3M 30% DEC US$ 5.4M 70%

Figure 7 ‐ GRANTS/CONTRACTS: Yearly progress in amounts awarded to DECs

$10,000,000 $8,000,000 $6,000,000 $4,000,000 $2,000,000 $‐ 2011 DEC 2012 non‐DEC 2013 %DEC 2014 64% 68%

100% 80% 70% 60% 40% 20% 0%

75%

Indicator 12 ‐ Proportion of experts from DECs on TDR advisory committees The proportion of experts from DECs in advisory roles to TDR remains beyond the desired target of 60%, reflecting TDR’s efforts to give disease endemic countries a central role in priority setting and oversight of research and capacity strengthening initiatives. These figures are provisional until all data from committees has been compiled. Figure 8 – COMMITTEES: proportion of experts from disease endemic countries in TDR advisory roles

non‐DEC 29% n=12

DEC 71% n=30

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Figure 9 ‐ COMMITTEES: yearly progress, proportion of experts from DECs in TDR advisory roles

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2013 DEC non‐DEC 2014 %DEC 69% 71%

100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%

Indicator 13 ‐ Proportion of women among grantees/contract recipients (total count and total amount) The proportion of grants and contracts awarded to women in 2014 was 43% (number of contracts) and 28% (amount). TDR has initiated a call for proposals to identify and gather solutions to roadblocks that affect the careers of women researchers. The call was issued in 2014 and gathered attention from a vast geographical region, with most applications coming from Africa. Following internal screening and review by three STAC members, ten proposals were selected and contracts are being drafted with funding from TDR’s Strategic Development Fund. It is envisaged that the solutions provided by the grantees will be scalable so that they could encourage women researchers to pursue their careers and contribute at a higher percentage to the critical mass of scientists and scientific work in disease endemic countries. Figure 10 ‐ GENDER: Proportion of contracts awarded to women (% count)

Women 43% Men 57%

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Figure 11 ‐ GENDER: Progress in proportion of contracts awarded to women (% count)

60% 50% TARGET 50% 43% 40% 35% 32%

34%

33%

30%

20%

10%

0% 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

No data available in 2013.

Figure 12 ‐ GENDER: Proportion of contracts awarded to women (% amount)

Women 28% US$ 2.1M

Men 72% US$ 5.6M

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Indicator 14 ‐ Proportion of women on TDR advisory committees The proportion of women on advisory committees in 2014 was 43%, slightly up from 42% in 2013. Figure 13 – COMMITTEES: proportion of women in TDR advisory roles

Women 43% Men 57%

Figure 14 ‐ COMMITTEES: progress in proportion of women in TDR advisory roles

60% TARGET 50% 42% 40% 34% 43% 50%

33%

32% 28%

30%

20%

10%

0% 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Indicator 15 ‐ Proportion of women as first author of peer‐reviewed publications supported by TDR (within a calendar year) In 2014, 47% of first authors of TDR‐supported publications were women. Compared to 2013, the results show marked improvement (47% vs. 41%). This is largely due to a higher proportion of women first authors of publications resulting from SORT‐IT projects in disease‐endemic countries.

Figure 15 – TDR‐SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS: gender distribution of first authors (n=226), 2014

Men 53%

Women 47%

100%

Figure 16 ‐ TDR‐SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS: gender distribution of first authors year‐to‐year

80% Gender proportion

60%

59% 40%

53% 47%

Men Women

41%

20%

0% 2013 2014

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

4.2 Effective partnerships Key performance indicators 16. Resources leveraged as direct contributions (co‐funding, services or in‐kind) to TDR projects (examples)

Baseline (2011) Not measured

Target (2017) tbd

Progress (contribution 2014) 1:3 (provisional data) ($ TDR : $ partners)

Indicator 16 ‐ Resources leveraged as direct contributions (co‐funding, services or in‐kind) to TDR projects (examples) Based on the assumptions used to make the estimation, in 2014 TDR projects leveraged approximately US$ 25 million in contributions by implementers, communities, control programmes, or additional grants. Annex 4 provides a detailed list as well as the assumptions used in each case. This means that for each dollar invested in TDR direct operations in 2014, another three dollars were leveraged from partners and communities.

4.3 Sustainability of outcomes Key performance indicators 17. Number of effective public health tools and strategies developed which have been in use for at least two years

Baseline (2011) 51

Target (2017) 67

Progress (contribution 2014) 72

Indicator 17 ‐ Number of effective public health tools and strategies developed which have been in use for at least two years Eight new tools and strategies have been added to the list. They have been in use since 2012 and they include improved tools and interventions, guidelines and good practices as well as research evidence that contributed to innovative approaches.

4.4 Quality of work Key performance indicators 18. Proportion of project final reports found satisfactory by peer‐review committees

Baseline (2011) Not measured

Target (2017) >80%

Progress (contribution 2014) 100%

Indicator 18 ‐ Proportion of project final reports found satisfactory by peer‐review committees On the sample measured, all project final reports successfully passed the review, therefore, the percentage in 2014 was 100%.

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

5. Management performance 5.1 Effective resource mobilization Key performance indicators 19. Percentage of approved biennial budget successfully funded 20. Percentage of income received from multi‐year agreements

Baseline (2011) 78%

Target (2017) ≥100%

Progress (contribution 2014) To be measured in 2015 To be measured in 2015

Not measured

tbd

Indicator 19 ‐ Percentage of approved biennial budget successfully funded This indicator is measured at the end of the biennium. Indicator 20 ‐ Percentage of income received from multi‐year agreements This indicator is measured at the end of the biennium.

5.2 Effective management Key performance indicators 21. Percentage of staff workplans and performance reviews (including personal development plan) completed on time 22. Proportion of expected results on track or achieved 23. Proportion of significant risk management action plans that are on track

Baseline (2011) Not measured 60% Not measured

Target (2017) ≥90%

Progress (contribution 2014) 90.4%

≥80% ≥80%

69% 100%

Indicator 21 ‐ Percentage of staff workplans and performance reviews (including personal development plan) completed on time The vast majority of staff workplans and performance reviews were done on time in 2014 (90.4%). TDR secretariat have engaged in the TDR Staff Development initiative by joining professional courses, pursuing higher education and acquiring new skills. WHO is now implementing a similar initiative. Indicator 22 ‐ Proportion of expected results on track At 31 December 2014, the status of the expected results was as follows:       17 were advancing on schedule; financial implementation seems low in some cases due to calls for proposals that will only lead to contracts in 2015 1 successfully completed during the year 4 were being closely monitored due to some delays in activities implementation 3 encountered delays that likely will delay their outputs 1 was cancelled at the recommendation of the Scientific Working Group 2 were merged with other existing expected results for better alignment of activities, at the recommendation of the Scientific Working Group.

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Figure 17 ‐ Status of expected results as at 31 Dec 2014

Outputs Cancelled 4% delayed 12%

Activities delayed 15%

On schedule or completed 69%

Indicator 23 ‐ Proportion of significant risk management action plans that are on track There were no notable delays in implementing the risk management actions in 2014. At the TDR progress review in 2014, three additional risks were identified:  Risk 14 ‐ WHO budget ceiling is set low for TDR 2014‐2015 biennium budget approved by JCB Action: Discuss with ADG/HTM the possibility of increasing TDR’s budget ceiling in order to match implementation as relevant  Risk 15‐ World Health Assembly requested TDR to consider hosting a pooled funding mechanism for R&D for neglected diseases to be operational by 2016 Actions:  Ensure TDR has a role in the implementation of the WHO Member State selected demonstration projects to ensure learning from this process informs future R&D pooled funding   Ensure planning includes TDR governing bodies and other stakeholders, to have a clear understanding of how it fits and complements the TDR Strategy Ensure TDR core funders continue to provide undesignated funding to the Programme while supporting the R&D pooled fund and to ensure WHA continues to be in charge of raising and replenishing funds for the R&D pooled fund

 Risk 16 – Impact of WHO staff mobility policy on TDR. Action: Liaise with WHO Management, follow the development of this policy and, if appropriate, develop scenarios and their implications

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

6. Continuous performance improvement: learning from success and failure The 2014‐2015 biennium signals the beginning of a new portfolio of innovative projects and a change in the working model to enhance the emphasis on collaboration and working through partners. In a way, this represents a proof of concept for a reorganized and slimmed down TDR that can implement in an effective and efficient manner and provide a leadership role for research and capacity strengthening in infectious diseases of poverty. New partnership approaches and business models are being piloted through novel initiatives such as:    partnerships with leading instituions promoting and supporting research for social innovation in healthcare delivery; long‐term partnerships with seven universities in awarding individual grants in a coordinated manner, increasing efficiency by having the universities manage grants administration and contracts; establishing a joint call for applications with EDCTP (inspired by the recent Ebola outbreak) to award grants for strengthening regional and country capacity to conduct high quality research during emergencies and/or epidemic outbreaks.

Two budget scenarios were developed for 2014‐2015, in accordance with recommendations of the JCB. Implementation started at the lower budget scenario of US$ 50 million. As additional funds above this were confirmed, implementation was scaled up gradually in line with available funding. This required detailed and flexible plans to allow for scaling up the workplan on short notice. The same approach, successfully tested during the current biennium, will be applied to the 2016‐2017 budget and workplan. The two rounds of restructuring in 2011 and 2012 resulted in a leaner and more cost‐effective TDR, with staff costs in 2014‐2015 reduced by 40% compared to 2012‐2013 and by 60% compared to 2010‐2011. TDR’s sound financial situation, with new systems that improve efficiency (online grant application process, a streamlined way of monitoring the portfolio) or assure quality and accountability (working through Scientific Working Groups, a formal prioritization system, a system for financial audits of project sites, systematic project evaluations), and a nurturing framework for staff development, are likely to facilitate successful implementation in the coming years. TDR continues to closely manage identified risks for the Programme and the projects it funds. New risks have been added to the register in order to best mitigate implications of: (i) the coming WHO policy on staff mobility; and (ii) establishment of the pooled health R&D fund. The year 2014 represented the take‐off phase for many new projects as well as the forming of Scientific Working Groups that play a key advisory and guiding role for TDR teams and projects. Although the vast majority of outputs are on track for timely delivery, some projects encountered delays, reflected in a relatively low financial implementation in 2014. A new system to closely monitor and speed up the pace of slow‐implementing projects has been put in place which has also fostered cross‐TDR collaborations as “One TDR”. TDR’s new staff development policy, which was introduced in August 2013, has now been successfully piloted and has enhanced staff motivation and skills ‐ 2 staff have completed respectively an MBA and an MPH, 4 staff are enrolled in academic studies (2 BA business studies, 1 MPH, 1 PhD) and 1 staff received a short course certificate. This initiative has run ahead of the new WHO policy for staff development, which is similar and was launched in 2014. Moving forward, in 2015 the Programme will implement new systems to promote organizational learning and to assure quality and accountability. The two evaluations of TDR’s grant schemes and of the approach to regional training centres for good practice dissemination will further enhance the research capacity strengthening area and will feed into the Programme external review of 2016. Financial implementation audits of project sites will contribute to strengthening their capacity to manage research grants and will provide assurance that the best value for money is obtained from TDR grants.

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

7. Annexes Annex 1. List of TDR‐supported peer‐reviewed publications 2014 (Retrieved from Web of Science and PubMed)

Abba, K., Kirkham, A. J., Olliaro, P. L., Deeks, J. J., Donegan, S., Garner, P., and Takwoingi, Y. Rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosing uncomplicated non‐falciparum or Plasmodium vivax malaria in endemic countries. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 12, CD011431. 2014. Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom, L3 5QA. PubMed Abbey, M., Bartholomew, L. K., Nonvignon, J., Chinbuah, M. A., Pappoe, M., Gyapong, M., Gyapong, J. O., Bart‐Plange, C., and van den Borne, B. Factors related to retention of community health workers in a trial on community‐based management of fever in children under 5 years in the Dangme West District of Ghana. International Health 6[2], 99‐105. 2014. Ghana Hlth Serv, Res & Dev Div, PM Bag 190, Accra, Ghana. PubMed Abdalla, H., Wilding, C. S., Nardini, L., Pignatelli, P., Koekemoer, L. L., Ranson, H., and Coetzee, M. Insecticide resistance in Anopheles arabiensis in Sudan: temporal trends and underlying mechanisms. Parasites & Vectors 7. 2014. Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. PubMed Abeygunawardena, S. C., Sharath, B. N., Van den Bergh, R., Naik, B., Pallewatte, N., Masaima, M. N. N. Management of previously treated tuberculosis patients in Kalutara district, Sri Lanka: how are we faring? Pub. Health Action 4(2): 105– 109, 2014. District Chest Clinic Kaltura 150, Sri Lanka. PHA Acosta, C. D., Dadu, A., Ramsay, A., Dara, M. Drug‐resistant tuberculosis in Eastern Europe: challenges and ways forward Pub. Health Action 4(3): S3–S12, 2014. WHO Regional Offi ce for Europe, Tuberculosis and Multidrugresistant,Tuberculosis Programme, UN City, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. PHA Acosta, C. D., Rusovich, V. Harries, A. D., Ahmedov, S., van den Boom, M., Dara M. A new roadmap for childhood tuberculosis. Lancet Glob Health. 2(1):e15‐7, 2014. WHO Regional Offi ce for Europe, Tuberculosis and Multidrugresistant, Tuberculosis Programme, UN City, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. PubMed Adam, O., Ali, A. K. M., Hubschen, J. M., and Muller, C. P. Identification of congenital rubella syndrome in Sudan. Bmc Infectious Diseases 14. 2014. Natl Res Ctr, Commiss Biotechnol & Genet Engn, Dept Med Biotechnol, Khartoum, Sudan. PubMed

Adebamowo, C., Bah‐Sow, O., Binka, F., Bruzzone, R., Caplan, A., Delfraissy, J. F., Heymann, D., Horby, P., Kaleebu, P., Tamfum, J. J., Olliaro, P., Piot, P., Tejan‐Cole, A., Tomori, O., Toure, A., Torreele, E., and Whitehead, J. Randomised controlled trials for Ebola: practical and ethical issues. Lancet 384[9952], 1423‐1424. 18‐10‐2014. National Health Research Ethics Committee, Abuja, Nigeria. PubMed 9. Adie, H., Igbang, T., Otu, A., Braide, E., Okon, O., Ikpi, E., Joseph, C., Desousa, A., and Sommerfeld, J. Strengthening primary healthcare through community involvement in Cross River State, Nigeria: a descriptive study. Pan Afr.Med.J. 17, 221. 2014. Ministry of Health, Calabar, Nigeria. PubMed 10. Aksoy, S., Attardo, G., Berriman, M., Christoffels, A., Lehane, M., Masiga, D., and Toure, Y. Human African trypanosomiasis research gets a boost: unraveling the tsetse genome. PLoS.Negl.Trop.Dis. 8[4], e2624. 2014. Yale School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America. PubMed

11. Alikhanova, N., Akhundova, I., Seyfaddinova, M., Mammadbayov, E., Mirtskulava, V., Rüsch‐Gerdes, S., Bayramov, R., Suleymanova, J., Kremer, K., Dadu, A., Acosta, C. D., Harries, A. D., Dara M. First national survey of anti‐tuberculosis drug resistance in Azerbaijan and risk factors analysis. Pub. Health Action 4(3): S17–S23, 2014. Scientific Research Institute of Lung Disease, 25/14 E Suleymanov Street, Baku, Azerbaijan. PHA 12. Alley, C. and Sommerfeld, J. Infectious disease in times of social and ecological change. Med.Anthropol. 33[2], 85‐91. 2014. Department of Sociomedical Sciences , Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York , New York , United States of America. PubMed

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

13. Alo, A., Gounder, S., Graham, S. M. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis cases hospitalised in the intensive phase in Fiji, Pub. Health Action 4(3): 164–168, 2014. National Tuberculosis Programme, Ministry of Health Fiji, Suva, Fiji. PHA Anchang‐Kimbi, J. K., Achidi, E. A., Apinjoh, T. O., Mugri, R. N., Chi, H. F., Tata, R. B., Nkegoum, B., Mendimi, J. M. N., Sverremark‐Ekstrom, E., and Troye‐Blomberg, M. Antenatal care visit attendance, intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) and malaria parasitaemia at delivery. Malaria Journal 13. 2014. University of Buea, Dept Zool & Anim Physiol, Buea 63, Cameroon. PubMed Andrade, J. M. and Murta, S. M. F. Functional analysis of cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase in antimony‐resistant and ‐ susceptible Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum lines. Parasites & Vectors 7. 2014. Fiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou, BR‐30190002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. PubMed Arnold, B. F., Priest, J. W., Hamlin, K. L., Moss, D. M., Colford, J. M., and Lammie, P. J. Serological Measures of Malaria Transmission in Haiti: Comparison of Longitudinal and Cross‐Sectional Methods. Plos One 9[4]. 2014. University of California Berkeley, School of Public Health, Dept. Epidemiology, Berkeley, CA 94720 United States of America. PubMed Arnott, A., Wapling, J., Mueller, I., Ramsland, P. A., Siba, P. M., Reeder, J. C., and Barry, A. E. Distinct patterns of diversity, population structure and evolution in the AMA1 genes of sympatric Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax populations of Papua New Guinea from an area of similarly high transmission. Malar.J. 13, 233. 2014. Division of Infection and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. PubMed Arshad, A., Salam, R. A., Lassi, Z. S., Das, J. K., Naqvi, I., and Bhutta, Z. A. Community based interventions for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Infect.Dis.Poverty. 3, 27. 2014. Division of Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, 74800 Karachi, Pakistan. PubMed Asante‐Poku, A., Aning, K. G., Boi‐Kikimoto, B., and Yeboah‐Manu, D. Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in a dairy cattle farm and a research farm in Ghana. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 81[2]. 2014. Noguchi Memorial Institute of Medical Research, Dept. Bacteriology, Accra, Ghana. PubMed

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20. Asante‐Poku, A., Nyaho, M. S., Borrell, S., Comas, I., Gagneux, S., and Yeboah‐Manu, D. Evaluation of Customised Lineage‐Specific Sets of MIRU‐VNTR Loci for Genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates in Ghana. Plos One 9[3]. 2014. University of Ghana, Noguchi Memorial Institute of Medical Research, Dept. Bacteriology, Legon, Ghana. PubMed 21. Assogba, B. S., Djogbenou, L., Saizonou, J., Diabate, A., Dabire, R. K., Moiroux, N., Gilles, J. R. L., Makoutode, M., and Baldet, T. Characterization of swarming and mating behaviour between Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles melas in a sympatry area of Benin. Acta Tropica 132, S53‐S63. 2014. University of Abomey Calavi, Inst Reg Sante Publ, Cotonou, Benin. PubMed 22. Atta, H. and Reeder, J. World Malaria Day 2014: invest in the future. Defeat malaria. East Mediterr.Health J. 20[4], 219‐ 220. 2014. Regional Adviser, Malaria Control and Elimination, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt. PubMed

23. Awadzi, K., Opoku, N. O., Attah, S. K., Lazdins‐Helds, J., and Kuesel, A. C. A Randomized, Single‐Ascending‐Dose, Ivermectin‐Controlled, Double‐Blind Study of Moxidectin in Onchocerca volvulus Infection. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases 8[6]. 2014. Onchocerciasis Chemotherapy Research Center, Hohoe, Ghana. PubMed 24. Badejo, J. A., Abiodun, O. O., Akinola, O., Happi, C. T., Sowunmi, A., and Gbotosho, G. O. Interaction between rifampicin, amodiaquine and artemether in mice infected with chloroquine resistant Plasmodium berghei. Malaria Journal 13. 2014. University of Ibadan, College of Medicine, Dept. Pharmacology & Therapeut, Ibadan, Nigeria. PubMed

25. Bajis, S., Van den Bergh, R., De Bruycker. M., Mahama, G., Van Overloop, C., Satyanarayana, S., Bernardo, R. S., Esmati, S., Reid, A. J. Antibiotic use in a district hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan: are we overprescribing? Pub. Health Action 4(4): 259–264, 2014. Operational Centre Brussels, Médecins Sans Frontières, Rue Dupre 94, 1090 Jette, Brussels, Belgium. PHA

26. Bakajika, D. K., Nigo, M. M., Lotsima, J. P., Masikini, G. A., Fischer, K., Lloyd, M. M., Weil, G. J., and Fischer, P. U. Filarial Antigenemia and Loa loa Night Blood Microfilaremia in an Area Without Bancroftian Filariasis in the Democratic Republic of Congo. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 91[6], 1142‐1148. 2014. Programme Natl Lutte Onchocercose, Kinshasa, Dem. Rep. Congo. PubMed

27. Balak, D. A., Bissell, K., Roseveare, C., Ram, S., Devi, R. R., Graham S. M. Absolute Lymphocyte Count Is Not a Suitable Alternative to CD4 Count for Determining Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Fiji. J. Trop. Med. 2014:715363, 2014. Reproductive Health Clinic, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 30, Suva, Fiji. PubMed

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

28. Banla, M., Tchalim, S., Karabou, P. K., Gantin, R. G., Agba, A. I., Kere‐Banla, A., Helling‐Giese, G., Heuschkel, C., Schulz‐ Key, H., and Soboslay, P. T. Sustainable Control of Onchocerciasis: Ocular Pathology in Onchocerciasis Patients Treated Annually with Ivermectin for 23 Years: A Cohort Study. Plos One 9[6]. 2014. Natl Inst Hyg, Onchocerciasis Reference Lab, Sokode, Togo. PubMed 29. Barnadas, C., Senn, N., Iga, J., Timinao, L., Javati, S., Malau, E., Rarau, P., Reeder, J. C., Siba, P., Karunajeewa, H., Zimmerman, P. A., Davis, T. M., and Mueller, I. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax genotypes and efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment in Papua New Guinea. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 58[11], 6958‐6961. 2014. Vector Borne Diseases Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR), Goroka, Papua New Guinea PubMed

30. Bates, I., Boyd, A., Aslanyan, G., and Cole, D. C. Tackling the tensions in evaluating capacity strengthening for health research in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Health Policy Plan. 8‐4‐2014. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Manchester Business School, Booth St W, Manchester, Greater Manchester M15 6PB, United Kingdom. PubMed 31. Benzaken, A. S., Bazzo, M. L., Galban, E., Pinto, I. C. P., Nogueira, C. L., Golfetto, L., Benzaken, N. S., Sollis, K. A., Mabey, D., and Peeling, R. W. External quality assurance with dried tube specimens (DTS) for point‐of‐care syphilis and HIV tests: experience in an indigenous populations screening programme in the Brazilian Amazon. Sexually Transmitted Infections 90[1], 14‐18. 2014. UNAIDS, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. PubMed

32. Bezerra, C. M., Cavalcanti, L. P. D., de Souza, R. D. M., Barbosa, S. E., Xavier, S. C. D., Jansen, A. M., Ramalho, R. D., and Diotaiuti, L. Domestic, peridomestic and wild hosts in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Caatinga area colonised by Triatoma brasiliensis. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 109[7], 887‐898. 2014. Univ Fed Ceara, Programa Posgrad Saude Comunitaria, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. PubMed 33. Bhutta, Z. A., Salam, R. A., Das, J. K., and Lassi, Z. S. Tackling the existing burden of infectious diseases in the developing world: existing gaps and the way forward. Infect.Dis.Poverty. 3, 28. 2014. Center of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. PubMed 34. Bhutta, Z. A., Sommerfeld, J., Lassi, Z. S., Salam, R. A., and Das, J. K. Global burden, distribution, and interventions for infectious diseases of poverty. Infect.Dis.Poverty. 3, 21. 2014. Center of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. PubMed

35. Bissell, K., Viney, K., Brostrom, R., Gounder, S., Khogali, M., Kishore, K., Kool, B., Kumar, A. M. V., Manzi, M., Marais, B., Marks, G., Linh, N. N., Ram, S., Reid, S., Roseveare, C., Tayler‐Smith, K., Van den Bergh, R., Harries, A. D. Building operational research capacity in the Pacific. Pub. Health Action 4(2): S2–S13, 2014. International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France; School of Population Health, the University of Auckland, Auckland PO Box 28862, Remuera, Auckland 1541, New Zealand. PHA 36. Bobosha, K., Fat, E. M. T. K., van den Eeden, S. J. F., Bekele, Y., van der Ploeg‐van Schip, JJ, de Dood, C. J., Dijkman, K., Franken, K. L. M. C., Wilson, L., Aseffa, A., Spencer, J. S., Ottenhoff, T. H. M., Corstjens, P. L. A. M., and Geluk, A. Field‐ Evaluation of a New Lateral Flow Assay for Detection of Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Mycobacterium leprae. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases 8[5]. 2014. Armauer Hansen Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PubMed

37. Bobosha, K., Wilson, L., van Meijgaarden, K. E., Bekele, Y., Zewdie, M., van der Ploeg‐van Schip, JJ, Abebe, M., Hussein, J., Khadge, S., Neupane, K. D., Hagge, D. A., Jordanova, E. S., Aseffa, A., Ottenhoff, T. H. M., and Geluk, A. T‐Cell Regulation in Lepromatous Leprosy. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases 8[4]. 2014. Armauer Hansen Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PubMed 38. Bowman, L. R., Runge‐Ranzinger, S., and Mccall, P. J. Assessing the relationship between vector indices and dengue transmission: a systematic review of the evidence. PLoS.Negl.Trop.Dis. 8[5], e2848. 2014. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom. PubMed

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Annex 2. Progress on the TDR’s current portfolio of expected results – Status as at 31 December 2014 Expected Result Support adequate country response to epidemic challenges: evidence‐based guidance for dengue outbreak detection & response Integrated capacity building and research for lab‐to‐field translation of putative resistance markers Vulnerability to emerging drug resistance and its consequences for control programmes Facilitate innovation to generate tools to achieve control programme objectives Strengthen evidence base for policy decisions and programme implementation by maximizing utility of available data Safety data for policy decisions Intervention & Implementation research to inform policies for the elimination of Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) Community‐based scheduled screening and treatment of malaria in pregnancy for improved maternal and infant health: a cluster‐randomized trial (COSMIC) Improved management of febrile illnesses Structured Operational Research and Training Initiative (SORT IT) Strategic support to WHO regional activities : the regional training centers WHO Regional Office collaboration and small grants Targeted research training grants in low‐and middle‐income countries Research Capacity Strenghtening and Knowledge Management impact grants to improve disease control Advanced training in Clinical Product Development (Career Development Fellowship grants) TDR alumni network: piloting the concept and supporting system Knowledge management priorities and gaps in implementation research, research capacity strengthening and and research & development Capacity strengthening to bring research evidence into policy Collaborative networks for harmonization of policies and practices Strategic engagement in global health initiatives Promoting research for improved community access to health interventions in Africa Improved chagas and dengue disease control through innovative ecosystem management and community‐directed interventions Population health vulnerabilities to VBDs: increasing resilience under climate change conditions in Africa Implementation research in support of the WHO Global Strategy for dengue prevention and control Application of social entrepreneurship for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of poverty Assessment of insecticide resistance mechanisms in malaria vectors and their impact on control failure in Africa Status On schedule Cancelled On schedule On schedule Activities delayed On schedule Activities delayed On schedule Activities delayed Outputs delayed On schedule On schedule On schedule On schedule On schedule On schedule On schedule Activities delayed On schedule On schedule Outputs delayed Completed On schedule On schedule On schedule Outputs delayed

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Annex 3. Tools and strategies developed or contributed by TDR and that have been in use for at least 2 years # 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Year Tools / strategies

1981 Leprosy ‐ WHO recommendation for use of multidrug therapy (MDT) for leprosy following its registration in 1980 by Ciba‐Geigy. 1983 Schistosomiasis ‐ Diagnostic urine‐filtration technique in disease control use 1983 African trypanosomiasis ‐ Card agglutination diagnostic test for trypanosomiasis (CATT) in disease control use. 1987 Onchocerciasis ‐ Ivermectin registered by Merck, and donation programme begins 1989 Chagas disease ‐ Improved agglutination blood test for rapid screening of transfusion blood in disease control use. 1990 African trypanosomiasis ‐ Eflornithine® registered by Marion Merrell Dow. 1993 Onchocerciasis ‐ Rapid epidemiological mapping of onchocerciasis (REMO) in disease control use. 1994 Filariasis ‐ Single‐dose treatment with DEC or ivermectin is shown to be an appropriate treatment regimen, providing the basis for a new global control strategy based on mass drug administration. 1994 Leishmaniasis ‐ Direct agglutination diagnostic test (DAT) and standard leishmania skin test antigen in disease control use.

10. 1994 Chagas disease, sleeping sickness and leishmaniasis ‐ Parasite genome sequencing project launched in meeting in Brazil, co‐sponsored by TDR and FIOCRUZ. Sequences published in 2005. 11. 1994 Onchocerciasis ‐ Effectiveness of mass drug administration with ivermectin in preventing posterior segment eye disease, visual impairment and blindness demonstrated in longitudinal studies in Africa. 12. 1994 Visceral leishmaniasis ‐ Liposomal amphotericin B registered by NeXstar. 13. 1995 Schistosomiasis ‐ Method for rapid identification of urinary schistosomiasis in highly endemic communities validated and in control use. 14. 1995 Onchocerciasis ‐ Importance of onchocercal skin disease determined, providing the basis for extending onchocerciasis control to forest areas in Africa. 15. 1996 Lymphatic filariasis ‐ Drug delivery strategies developed for lymphatic filariasis elimination in Africa. 16. 1996 Schistosomiasis ‐ Guidelines for diagnosis of female genital schistosomiasis completed. 17. 1996 Malaria ‐ Final results of large field trials of insecticide‐treated bednets involving 400 000 people in Ghana, Burkina Faso, Kenya and The Gambia demonstrate that insecticide‐ treated bednets could reduce overall childhood mortality by around 20%. 18. 1996 Onchocerciasis ‐ Community‐directed treatment (ComDT) of onchocerciasis with ivermectin becomes the mainstay of APOC mass drug administration delivery strategies following multi‐country field studies testing the model’s efficacy. 19. 1997 Leprosy ‐ Improved multidrug therapy based on rifampicin, oflaxacin and minocycline (ROM) used for leprosy control.

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Year

Tools / strategies

20. 1997 Malaria ‐ A TDR‐supported pan‐African conference on research in Dakar, Senegal decides to create the Multilateral Initiative on Malaria. 21. 1998 Malaria ‐ Home management of malaria approach adopted as a strategy by WHO. 22. 1998 Lymphatic filariasis ‐ Safety demonstrated for albendazole as treatment. 23. 2000 Lymphatic filariasis ‐ Rapid mapping of filariasis in control use. 24. 2000 HINARI, a partnership for Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative, is launched with TDR as part of the partnership in the area of research capacity building. 25. 2000 Malaria ‐ Germline transformation of Anopheles mosquitoes. 26. 2000 WHO published the Operational guidelines for ethics committees that review biomedical research 27. 2001 TDR initiates several partnerships for developing capacity in bioinformatics. 28. 2001 Malaria ‐ Evidence for policy – Reducing potential for artemisinins resistance via use of artemisinins combination therapy (ACT) in uncomplicated malaria 29. 2001 Good laboratory practice:Quality practices for regulated non‐clinical research and development 30. 2002 Malaria ‐ Genome sequencing of Anopheles gambiae completed by TDR‐fostered consortium. 31. 2002 Visceral leishmaniasis – Miltefosine registration as first oral therapy against VL 32. 2002 The Strategic Initiative for Developing Capacity in Ethical Review (SIDCER) is inaugurated. 33. 2002 Workbook for Investigators 34. 2003 Malaria – Unit‐dose packaging of Coartem® to ensure adherence and suitability for home management of malaria in collaboration with Novartis. 35. 2003 Lymphatic filariasis ‐ Longitudinal studies produce evidence that mass drug administration would be required for more than 4–6 years in most places to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. 36. 2003 Sexually transmitted diseases ‐ TDR‐led evaluation of rapid syphilis diagnostic tests led to those with acceptable performance being placed on the WHO procurement list at negotiated pricing for member states. 37. 2004 African trypanosomiasis ‐ International Glossina Genomics Initiative (IGGI) to fully sequence the tsetse fly genome launched. 38. 2004 Malaria ‐ Regulatory label extension is obtained for the use of Coartem® (oral treatment of artemether + lumefantrine) in infants and young children above 5 kg in weight. 39. 2005 Visceral leishmaniasis ‐ The health ministers of India, Nepal and Bangladesh sign a Memorandum of Understanding pledging to eliminate kala azar (visceral leishmaniasis) from their countries by 2015. 40. 2005 Visceral leishmaniasis ‐ Validation of RK39 as a diagnostic for use in India but not in Africa, incorporated into visceral leishmaniasis elimination programme. 41. 2005 Onchocerciasis ‐ RAPLOA (rapid assessment procedure for determining areas of Loa loa endemicity) developed, validated and incorporated into disease control use.

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Year

Tools / strategies

42. 2005 Malaria ‐ Results from studies in Ghana indicate that the proportion of caregivers using ACTs correctly in terms of promptness, dosage and number of days is more than 90%, leading to reduced delay in seeking treatment. 43. 2005 WHO published the Operational Guidelines for the Establishment and Functioning of Data and Safety Monitoring Boards 44. 2005 Effective project planning and evaluation for biomedical and health research 45. 2006 Malaria ‐ Evidence for pre‐referral treatment use provided in WHO Malaria Treatment Guidelines 46. 2006 Dengue ‐ Multi‐country studies validating pupal productivity survey methods for dengue vector control are published, demonstrating method effectiveness. 47. 2006 Initial results from multi‐country studies demonstrate potential for expanding the community‐directed treatment strategy for ivermectin, established under APOC, to deliver a broader, integrated set of interventions, including insecticide‐treated bednets 48. 2007 Leishmaniasis ‐ Paromomycin is registered for use in India through the Institute for One World Health. 49. 2007 Tuberculosis ‐ WHO Policy recommending reduction of the number of smears for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and defining a new sputum smear‐positive case 50. 2008 Community‐directed interventions (CDI), an integrated approach for improved access to vital drugs and preventive measures, including for malaria, in remote African communities. 51. 2008 Schistosomiasis ‐ Evidence for dosage of Praziquantel for the control of schistosomiasis 52. 2008 Malaria ‐ Mefloquine‐artesunate combination drug has been developed for malaria treatment and introduced in Brazil. 53. 2008 Dengue ‐ Dengue diagnostics test available at negotiated price (new ones in evaluation) 54. 2008 Tuberculosis ‐ WHO Policy on line probe assays and second‐line drug susceptibility testing 55. 2010 African trypanosomiasis ‐ the tsetse fly genome sequenced, assembled and annotated by the International Glossina Genomics Initiative (IGGI) Consortium 56. 2010 WHO guidelines recommend rectal artesunate in paediatric populations with severe malaria living in remote locations in rural Africa and Asia 57. 2010 WHO recommendation against the use of immunodiagnostics tests for active or latent TB infection 58. 2010 TB fluorescence microscopy. Research results informed the introduction of LED‐FM in high burden countries in Nov 2010 59. 2010 A simplified, revised and evidence‐based disease classification system for dengue adopted in Latin‐American and Asian countries 60. 2010 Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) active case detection methods applied at large scale by control programmes in the Indian subcontinent 61. 2011 Malaria rapid diagnostics tests evaluation rounds have led to quality improvements and the RDTs have become part of the overall strategy for malaria: Test, Treat, Track. 62. 2011 An evidence‐based strategy to support the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis is being used in the Indian subcontinent

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Year

Tools / strategies

63. 2011 New synthetic routes for enantiomerically‐pure L‐praziquantel identified in collaboration with the Australian Research Council; used to develop a new pediatric formulation. 64. 2011 Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Capacity Strengthening in Health Research. ESSENCE Good Practice document series 65. 2012 Five keys to improving research costing in low‐ and middle‐income countries, ESSENCE Good Practice document series 66. 2012 Optimized and standardized trapping and bait technology for relevant vectors of HAT 67. 2012 Community‐based ecosystem management interventions for better disease prevention of dengue in Asia and of dengue and Chagas disease in Latin America 68. 2012 HAT‐Trick, a decision support system for improved vector control intervention methods of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) 69. 2012 Framework for the introduction of rapid tests on sexually transmitted infections into country programmes 70. 2012 Dengue vector control methods and strategies, combining targeted breeding containers and insecticide‐treated materials 71. 2012 Evidence contributing to the WHO and UNICEF Integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) strategy to reduce childhood mortality through community case management of malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea 72. 2012 T3: Test. Treat. Track. Evidence on feasibility and costs of universal coverage diagnostic, testing and antimalarial treatment.

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Annex 4. Estimate leverage in 2014 TDR Expected Result Partner organization's name TOTAL Vectors, environment and society Evidence basis for the improvement of integrated malaria vector control strategies in East, Central and West Africa Evidence for community and eco‐based vector control in Latin‐America for Dengue fever and Chagas disease Evidence on impact of climate change on vector‐borne diseases in Africa Evidence on community‐based strategies to enhance access to control interventions in Africa Social innovation in healthcare delivery Scale‐up of community‐based dengue vector control in Latin America and the Caribbean Assessment of insecticide resistance mechanisms in malaria vectors Intervention and implementation research Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination in Southeast Asia: case management, vector control and diagnostic policies Structured Operational Research and Training Initiative (SORT IT) University of Bamako; Cameroon, Kenya, Mali, USA

Partners' contribution 2014 contribution 24 750 000 9 650 000 2 000 000 Contribution type Personnel, facilities, ongoing control programmes

Sites / institutions in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico and Uruguay Sites / institutions in Botswana, Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Mauritania, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe Sites / institutions in Burkina‐Faso, DR Congo, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Uganda and Zimbabwe Oxford University, University of Cape Town Government and communities in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay Control programmes in Benin, Mali, Nigeria VL control programmes and other partners in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Canada Grand Challenges, TB Union, MSF, country control programmes, The Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Federation, the US CDC, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Panama EC, academic institutions, country sites Nairobi University, Kenya WHO regions, training centres supported by TDR (Colombia, Kazakhstan, Philippines and Indonesia) WHO African Regional Office, Eastern‐ Mediterranean Regional Office Wellcome Trust, ESSENCE members

3 000 000

Partners’ contribution over a period of 3 years

700 000

Technical support, facilities, laboratory work Community support, control programmes efficiencies, third party site funding Technical support, joint calls for proposals Governments and third party site funding for interventions Contribution of control programs, community health workers and laboratory technicians Site co‐funding, technical support, bednets

500 000

700 000 2 250 000 500 000

5 900 000 500 000

4 600 000

Technical support, staff time, support for research, data management, meetings, co‐funding of projects, publications Project co‐funding, technical support, meetings Management support, infrastructure Development of courses, course fees, additional grants leveraged Technical support, staff time of regional office focal points, reviewers from regions and meetings Technical expertise, consultant support, document development fees, consultation meetings Technical support, meetings Contributions by host institutions

Community‐based scheduled screening and treatment of malaria in pregnancy (Cosmic) Research capacity strengthening/knowledge management Short‐term training (impact) grants Regional Training Centres

800 000 9 200 000 260 000 370 000

Small regional grants

150 000

ESSENCE for Health Research

250 000

Harmonized stakeholder‐endorsed research agenda Career Development Fellowships

Creation of the Global Health R&D Fund administered by TDR Astellas, Eisai, GS UK GSK Bio, Novartis Basel, Novartis Sienna, Roche , Merck, Pfizer Sanofi‐Aventis, Sanofi Pasteur, Sigma‐Tau, MMV, DNDi, FIND, CRP‐ Santé, AIBST

8 000 000 170 000

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Annex 5. 2014 contributions to the 2014‐15 biennium TDR is able to conduct its work thanks to the commitment and support from a variety of funders. These include our long‐term core contributors from national governments and international institutions, as well as designated funding for specific projects within our current priorities. CONTRIBUTOR Member States Belgium China Cuba Germany India Japan Luxembourg Malaysia Mexico Norway Panama Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Thailand Turkey United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland World Bank World Health Organization Total Member States Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) European Commission Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Germany International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada Royal Tropical Institute (KIT) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Total Revenue 4,076,087 110,000 5,000 814,111 55,000 270,000 1,336,898 25,000 10,000 2,200,381 7,000 63,532 61,958 10,401,755 1,829,268 46,026 5,000 7,633,588 1,250,000 900,000 31,100,605 2,905,385 829,969 1,250,137 89,673 4,352,301 112,403 932,368 608,076 42,180,916 Total for the biennium 2014‐15 (US$)

TDR RESULTS | 2014 REPORT

Thank you to our core contributors who provided overall Programme support in 2014

Thanks also to the contributors who provided support to specific projects in 2014

* Listed in order of level of contribution.

TDR/STRA/15.2

TDR/World Health Organization 20, Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Fax: (+41) 22 791-4854 tdr@who.int www.who.int/tdr

The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) is a global programme of scientific collaboration established in 1975. Its focus is research into neglected diseases of the poor, with the goal of improving existing approaches and developing new ways to prevent, diagnose, treat and control these diseases. TDR is sponsored by the following organizations:

World Bank

Key facts

Organisation World Health Organization (WHO)

Document type Technical Documents

Adoption date July 9, 2015

Source World Health Organization