Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ / WHO) · Publications

World health statistics 2015

11 мая 2015 г. Всемирная организация здравоохранения

Полный текст размещён на сайте публикующей организации. lawenc.com индексирует метаданные и ведёт на официальный источник.

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2015

WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data World health statistics 2015. 1.Health status indicators. 2.World health. 3.Health services - statistics. 4.Mortality. 5.Morbidity. 6.Life expectancy. 7.Demography. 9.Statistics. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 156488 5 ISBN 978 92 4 069443 9 (PDF) © World Health Organization 2015 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO website (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. Printed in Luxembourg Original cover by WHO Graphics Layout by designisgood.info (NLM classification: WA 900.1)

2015 Table of Contents Abbreviations7 Introduction8

Part I. Health-related Millennium Development Goals Summary of status and trends Summary of progress at country level

11 13 25

Part II. Global health indicators General notes Table 1. Life expectancy and mortality Life expectancy at birth (years) Life expectancy at age 60 (years) Healthy life expectancy at birth (years) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births) Infant mortality rate (probability of dying by age 1 per 1000 live births) Under-five mortality rate (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Adult mortality rate (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years of age per 1000 population)

39 41 43

Table 2. Cause-specific mortality and morbidity Mortality Age-standardized mortality rates by cause (per 100 000 population) Years of life lost (per 100 000 population) Number of deaths among children aged < 5 years (000s) Distribution of causes of death among children aged < 5 years (%) Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births) Cause-specific mortality rate (per 100 000 population) Morbidity Incidence rate (per 100 000 population per year) Prevalence (per 100 000 population)

Table 3. Selected infectious diseases Cholera Diphtheria Human African trypanosomiasis Japanese encephalitis Leishmaniasis Leprosy Malaria Measles Meningitis Mumps Pertussis Poliomyelitis Congenital rubella syndrome Rubella

Neonatal tetanus Total tetanus Tuberculosis Yellow fever

Table 4. Health service coverage

Unmet need for family planning (%) Contraceptive prevalence (%) Antenatal care coverage (%) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Births by caesarean section (%) Neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus (%) Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%) Children aged 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementation (%) Children aged < 5 years with ARI symptoms taken to a health facility (%) Children aged < 5 years with suspected pneumonia receiving antibiotics (%) Children aged < 5 years with diarrhoea receiving ORT (ORS and/or RHF) (%) Children aged < 5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated nets (%) Children aged < 5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalarial (%) Pregnant women with HIV receiving antiretrovirals to prevent MTCT (%) Antiretroviral therapy coverage among people eligible for treatment (%) Case-detection rate for all forms of tuberculosis (%) Treatment-success rate for new tuberculosis cases (%)

Table 5. Risk factors

Population using improved drinking-water sources (%) Population using improved sanitation (%) Population using solid fuels (%) Infants exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life (%) Children aged < 5 years who are wasted (%) Children aged < 5 years who are stunted (%) Children aged < 5 years who are underweight (%) Children aged < 5 years who are overweight (%) Prevalence of anaemia among women aged 15–49 years (%) Prevalence of raised fasting blood glucose among adults aged ≥ 18 years (%) Prevalence of raised blood pressure among adults aged ≥ 18 years (%) Adults aged ≥ 18 years who are obese (%) Alcohol per capita consumption (≥ 15 years) (litres of pure alcohol) Prevalence of smoking any tobacco product among adults aged ≥ 15 years (%) Prevalence of current tobacco use among adolescents aged 13–15 years (%) Prevalence of condom use by adults aged 15–49 years during higher-risk sex (%) Population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%)

101

Table 6. Health systems Health workforce Density of physicians per 10 000 population Density of nursing and midwifery personnel per 10 000 population Density of dentistry personnel per 10 000 population Density of pharmaceutical personnel per 10 000 population Density of psychiatrists per 10 000 population Infrastructure and technologies Hospitals (per 100 000 population) Psychiatric beds (per million population) Computed tomography units (per million population) Radiotherapy units (per million population) Mammography units (per million females aged 50–69 years) 4

112

2015 Essential medicines Median availability of selected generic medicines in public and private sectors (%) Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines in public and private sectors

Table 7. Health expenditure Health expenditure ratios Total expenditure on health as a percentage of gross domestic product General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health Private expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total government expenditure External resources for health as a percentage of total expenditure on health Social security expenditure on health as a percentage of general government expenditure on health Out-of-pocket expenditure as a percentage of private expenditure on health Private prepaid plans as a percentage of private expenditure on health Per capita health expenditures Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) Per capita total expenditure on health (PPP int. $) Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) Per capita government expenditure on health (PPP int. $)

125

Table 8. Health inequities

Contraceptive prevalence: modern methods (%) Antenatal care coverage: at least four visits (%) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) DTP3 immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%) Children aged < 5 years who are stunted (%) Under-five mortality rate (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

137

Table 9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Total population (000s) Median age of population (years) Population aged < 15 years (%) Population aged > 60 years (%) Annual population growth rate (%) Population living in urban areas (%) Civil registration coverage (%) of births and cause of death Crude birth rate (per 1000 population) Crude death rate (per 1000 population) Total fertility rate (per woman) Adolescent fertility rate (per 1000 girls aged 15–19 years) Literacy rate among adults aged ≥ 15 years (%) Net primary school enrolment rate (%) Gross national income per capita (PPP int. $) Population living on < $1 (PPP int. $) a day (%) Cellular phone subscribers (per 100 population) WHO regional groupings Income groupings

149

Annex 1. Regional and income groupings

160 160 161

2015 Abbreviations AIDS AFR AMR ARI ART CRS cVDPV DAC DHS DTP3 EML EMR EUR GDP GHO HAI HALE HepB3 Hib3 HIV IGME ITN ITU LGU MCV MDG MICS MSH MTCT NHA OECD acquired immunodeficiency syndrome WHO African Region WHO Region of the Americas acute respiratory infection antiretroviral therapy Creditor Reporting System circulating vaccine derived poliovirus Development Assistance Committee, OECD Demographic and Health Survey 3 doses of diphtheria-tetanuspertussis vaccine essential medicines list WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region WHO European Region gross domestic product Global Health Observatory Health Action International healthy life expectancy 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine 3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine human immunodeficiency virus Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation insecticide-treated net United Nations International Telecommunication Union local government unit measles-containing vaccine Millennium Development Goal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Management Sciences for Health mother-to-child transmission national health account Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 7

ORS ORT PPP RHF SEAR SHA SNA UNAIDS UNDESA UNESCO UNICEF WPR YLL

oral rehydration salts oral rehydration therapy Purchasing Power Parity recommended home fluids WHO South-East Asia Region System of Health Accounts System of National Accounts Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization United Nations Children’s Fund WHO Western Pacific Region years of life lost

Introduction The World Health Statistics series is WHO’s annual compilation of health-related data for its 194 Member States, and includes a summary of the progress made towards achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and associated targets. The series is produced by the WHO Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems of the Health Systems and Innovation Cluster. As in previous years, World Health Statistics 2015 has been compiled using publications and databases produced and maintained by WHO technical programmes and regional offices. A number of demographic and socioeconomic statistics have also been derived from data produced and maintained by a range of national and international organizations. The latter include the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) and its Population Division, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the World Bank. The indicators used in this report have been included on the basis of their relevance to global public health, on data availability and quality, and on the reliability and comparability of the resulting estimates. Taken together, these indicators provide a comprehensive summary of the current status of national health and health systems in the following nine areas: ■■ life expectancy and mortality ■■ cause-specific mortality and morbidity ■■ selected infectious diseases ■■ health service coverage ■■ risk factors ■■ health systems ■■ health expenditure ■■ health inequities ■■ demographic and socioeconomic statistics. 8 2. 1.

Where necessary the estimates provided have been derived from multiple sources, depending on each indicator and on the availability and quality of data. In many countries, statistical and health information systems are weak and the underlying empirical data may not be available or may be of poor quality. Every effort has been made to ensure the best use of country-reported data – adjusted where necessary to deal with missing values, to correct for known biases, and to maximize the comparability of the statistics across countries and over time. In addition, statistical modelling and other techniques have been used to fill data gaps. Because of the weakness of the underlying empirical data in many countries, a number of the indicators presented here are associated with significant uncertainty. It is WHO policy to ensure statistical transparency and to make available to users the methods of estimation and the margins of uncertainty for relevant indicators. However, to ensure readability while covering such a comprehensive range of health topics, printed versions of the World Health Statistics series do not include the margins of uncertainty which are instead made available through online WHO databases such as the Global Health Observatory.1 While every effort has been made to maximize the comparability of the statistics across countries and over time, users are advised that country data may differ in terms of the definitions, data-collection methods, population coverage and estimation methods used. More-detailed information on indicator metadata is available in the WHO Indicator and Measurement Registry.2

The Global Health Observatory (GHO) is WHO’s portal providing access to data and analyses for monitoring the global health situation. See: http://www.who.int/gho/en/, accessed 16 March 2015. See: http://www.who.int/gho/indicator_registry/en/, accessed 16 March 2015.

2015

WHO presents World Health Statistics 2015 as an integral part of its ongoing efforts to provide enhanced access to comparable high-quality statistics on core measures of population health and national health systems. Unless otherwise stated, all estimates have been cleared following consultation with Member States and are published here as official WHO figures. However, these best estimates have been derived using standard categories and methods to enhance their cross-national comparability. As a result, they should not be regarded as the nationally endorsed statistics of Member States which may have been derived using alternative methodologies.

2015 Part I

Health-related Millennium Development Goals

Table 1. Global and regional progress towards the achievement of the health-related MDGs Target Global AFR AMR SEAR EUR EMR WPR

Target 1.C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger Percent reduction in proportion of underweight children under five years of age, 1990–2013 50 40 27 60 43 86 36 79

Target 4.A: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate Percent reduction in under-five mortality rate, 1990–2013 Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a (%), 2013 67 49 49 64 60 63 46 71

Target 5.A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Percent reduction in maternal mortality ratio, 1990–2013 Births attended by skilled health personnel b (%), 2007–2014 75 45 49 37 64 59 50 60

Target 5.B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health Antenatal care coverage (%): at least one visit, 2007–2014 Unmet need for family planning (%), 2012 100 83 77 96 77 … 78 95

Target 6.A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS Percent reduction in HIV incidence, 2001–2013 >0 46 59 24 45 20 < -50 21

Target 6.C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases Percent reduction in incidence of malaria a, 2000–2013 Percent reduction in mortality rate of tuberculosis (among HIV-negative people) a, 1990–2013 75 30 34 76 49 100 39 69

Target 7.C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking-water and basic sanitation Percent reduction in proportion of population without access to improved drinking-water sources, 1990–2012 Percent reduction in proportion of population without access to improved sanitation, 1990–2012 a b

Target etablished via resolutions of the World Health Assembly or agreed upon by WHO multilateral partnerships. Target set by the International Conference on Population and Development.

■ Met or on track

■ Substantial progress

■ No or limited progress 12

… Data not available or not applicable

2015 Summary of status and trends 2015 represents the target year for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). By assessing the progress made based upon data available up to 2014 this report provides a clear indication of whether the regional and global targets set for 2015 are likely to be met. It should be noted, however, that the progress assessments reported below may change for some countries once the 2015 data have been taken into account in upcoming final analyses. Table 1 summarizes the current estimates of global and regional progress made towards the achievement of health-related MDG indicators with set targets1 for which data are available. For relative target reductions (%) the numbers indicate the overall percent reduction, while for absolute targets (% coverage) the numbers indicate the latest available figure. For each of the indicators shown in Table 1 the extent of global and regional progress has been classified into one of three categories based upon the following arbitrarily defined criteria: ■ Met or on track – indicates that the relative target reduction has already been met or will be achieved by 2015 should the trends observed since 1990 continue. In the case of absolute targets, the criterion used is that the latest observed data are within 5 percentage points of the target value. ■ Substantial progress – indicates that for relative target reductions the latest observed data are at least halfway to achieving the target. For the absolute coverage targets, indicates that the difference between the latest observed data and the target is no more than half the gap between the target and the global baseline 2 but greater than 5 percentage points. ■ No or limited progress – indicates that latest observed data are not yet halfway to achieving the relative target reduction. For the absolute coverage targets, indicates that the difference between the latest observed data and the target is more than half of the gap between the target and the global baseline. Table 1 clearly shows that significant strides have been taken at the global level towards achieving many of the health-related MDGs, with the corresponding targets for HIV and drinking-water having been met. Although not shown in Table 1 the MDG targets for both malaria and tuberculosis were also met. In addition, it can be seen that substantial progress has been made in terms of the proportion of the target achieved in reducing child undernutrition (four fifths), child mortality (two thirds) and maternal mortality (three fifths), and in increasing access to improved sanitation (three fifths). Substantial progress was also made towards achieving the Stop TB Partnership target of halving the tuberculosis mortality rate. However, it is also clear from Table 1 that the gains made in different regions of the world have been uneven and renewed efforts are now needed if progress is to be made in all countries. In order to sustain and build upon the gains already made new global action plans have therefore emerged or are being prepared with even more ambitious goals set for 2030. This unfinished agenda will need to incorporate new challenges such as the growing impact of noncommunicable diseases, and changing social and environmental determinants. Such an ambitious agenda and its goals will need to be firmly embedded within a sustainable development and implementation framework, and be driven by the crucially important concept of universal health coverage.

After rounding to the nearest 5% this leads to the following cutoff values: (a) measles immunization coverage among 1-yearolds – 80%; (b) births attended by skilled health personnel – 75%; (c) antenatal care coverage: at least one visit – 80%; and (d) unmet need for family planning – 10%.

Figure 1. P roportion of children under 5 years of age who are underweight – globally and by WHO region, 1990–2013 50 Proportion of children aged < 5 years who are underweight (%) 1990 2013

2015 target

Global

African Region

Region of the Americas

South-East Asia Region

European Region

Eastern Mediterranean Region

Western Paciﬁc Region

Goal 1, Target 1.C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger Undernutrition 1 is the underlying cause of death in an estimated 45% of all deaths among children under 5 years of age. 2 Between 1990 and 2013 the proportion of underweight children in developing countries declined from 28% to 17%, and if past trends continue will reach 16% in 2015. This rate of progress is close to, but does not meet, the MDG target for this indicator. As shown in Fig. 1, the proportion of underweight children declined globally from 25% in 1990 to 15% in 2013. At regional level, the MDG target for this indicator was met in the WHO Region of the Americas, the WHO European Region and the WHO Western Pacific Region. Of the remaining regions, some are more likely to reach the target than others (Fig. 1). Between 1990 and 2013, the number of children affected by stunting declined globally from 257 million to 161 million, representing a decrease of 37%.

Including fetal growth restriction, stunting, wasting, and deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc, along with suboptimal breastfeeding. Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, Bhutta ZA Christian P, de Onis M et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 3 August 2013;382(9890):427–51. doi:10.1016/ S0140-6736(13)60937-X (http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S014067361360937X, accessed 25 March 2015).

2015 Table 2. Number of countries according to MDG Target 4.A achievement status, by WHO region, 2013 MDG Target 4.A – achievement status WHO region African Region (AFR) Region of the Americas (AMR) South-East Asia Region (SEAR) European Region (EUR) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) Western Pacific Region (WPR) Global

Achieved 6 5 5 23 6 3 48 (25%)

On track 2 3 2 4 2 0 13 (7%)

At least halfway 25 24 4 26 12 18 109 (56%)

Less than halfway 14 3 0 0 1 6 24 (12%)

Total 47 35 11 53 21 27 194 (100%)

Goal 4, Target 4.A: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate Progress in child survival worldwide has been described as one of the greatest success stories of international development, with child deaths being almost halved over the last two decades compared to the 1990 MDG baseline. Between 1990 and 2013 under-five mortality rates declined by 49%, falling from an estimated 90 deaths per 1000 live births to 46 deaths per 1000 live births. More than half of this reduction has taken place in the past decade with the global rate of decline accelerating greatly – from 1.2% per annum between 1990 and 1995 to 4.0% per annum between 2005 and 2013. As a result, an estimated 17 000 fewer children died every day in 2013 than in 1990. Nevertheless, such a rate of decline remains insufficient to reach the target of a two thirds reduction in the 1990 mortality levels by the year 2015. Worldwide, the total number of neonatal deaths decreased from 4.7 million in 1990 to 2.8 million in 2013. Neonatal mortality rates per 1000 live births declined from 33 to 20 over the same period – a reduction of 39%. This rate of decline is slower than that for child mortality overall with the proportion of deaths in children aged < 5 years that occurred in the neonatal period increasing from 37% in 1990 to 44% in 2013. Despite remarkable progress at the global level, the MDG Target 4.A will not be achieved in most countries by 2015. Table 2 shows the number of countries that: (a) have achieved this target; (b) are on track to meet the target by 2015 if the current rate of progress is maintained; (c) are at least halfway to achieving a two thirds reduction in the 1990 level of mortality but are unlikely to achieve it by 2015 at the current rate of progress; and (d) are less than halfway to meeting the target. As shown in Table 2, less than one third of all countries have either achieved or are on track to meet the MDG target by 2015. Improved understanding of cause-specific trends will now be an essential element in accelerating further

Figure 2. Global trends in cause-specific mortality rates among children under 5 years of age, 2000–2013 80 77 6 6 3 3 60 3 2 2

> 30% decline from 2000 to 2013 20–30% decline from 2000 to 2013 < 20% decline from 2000 to 2013

Deaths per 1000 live births

50 // 0

1 Tetanus

1 Congenital

0 Other neonatal conditions

46 2013

Other postneonatal conditions

Intrapar tum−related complications

Neonatal sepsis & other infections

Pneumonia

Prematurity

Diarrhoea

Measles

Meningitis

Malaria

Injuries

change. As the MDG era draws to a close, analysis indicates that preterm birth complications are now the leading cause of under-five deaths globally, accounting for 17% of all such deaths, not just deaths in the neonatal period. This finding underlines the major transition which has taken place in the patterns of child survival. Pneumonia is now the second leading cause of death among the under-fives (15%) with birth asphyxia third (11%), diarrhoea (which was the third leading cause in 2010) fourth (9%) followed by malaria (7%), congenital anomalies (7%) and neonatal infections (7%). Despite an increase in the global number of live births from 127.7 million in 2000 to 137.7 million in 2013, the total number of deaths in children aged < 5 years decreased from 9.9 million to 6.3 million respectively, with under-five mortality rates falling from 77 to 46 per 1000 live births over the same period. In absolute terms, deaths from pneumonia, diarrhoeal diseases, measles and malaria were associated with the largest

reductions (Fig. 2). Taken together, these reductions accounted for more than half (58%) of the gains made in under-five survival rates between 2000 and 2013. The first 28 days of life – the “neonatal period” – represent the most vulnerable time for a child’s survival. In 2013, around 44% of under-five deaths occurred during this period, up from 37% in 1990. In 2010 the World Health Assembly established the following three milestones for 2015: (a) at least 90% routine coverage with the first dose of measles-containing vaccine for children aged 1 year; (b) a reduced and maintained global annual measles incidence of less than 5 cases per million; and (c) a 95% reduction in the 2000 global measles mortality estimate. a. During the period 2000–2009, estimated measles immunization coverage increased globally from 73% to 83% and remained at 83–84% through 2013. As of 2013, 66% of WHO Member States had reached

HIV/AIDS

2000

2015 Figure 3. Maternal mortality ratio – globally and by WHO region, 1990–2013 1000 Global AFR AMR

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)

800

SEAR EUR EMR

600

WPR

400

200

0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013

Goal 5, Target 5.A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio at least 90% coverage, compared with only 44% in 2000. b. During the period 2000–2013, the incidence of measles decreased by 72%, from 146 to 40 cases per million population. However, following outbreaks in a number of countries, the figure for 2013 was an increase on the figure for 2012. c. Between 2000 and 2013, the estimated global number of measles deaths in children aged < 5 years decreased by 74% from 481 000 to 124 000. This decrease was one of three main contributors to the observed decline in overall under-five mortality. The maternal mortality ratio – the number of maternal deaths per 100 000 live births – decreased globally by around 45% between 1990 and 2013, with reductions observed in all WHO regions (Fig. 3). Although large, this rate of decrease is unlikely to lead to the achievement of the targeted 75% reduction by 2015. In addition, of the 89 countries with the highest maternal mortality ratio in 1990 (100 or more maternal deaths per 100 000 live births) 13 have made insufficient or no progress at all, with an average annual decline of less than 2% between 1990 and 2013. The absolute number of women dying due to complications during pregnancy and childbirth has decreased by 45% from an estimated 523 000 in 1990 to 289 000 in 2013. Direct obstetric causes, notably haemorrhage (27%), hypertensive diseases of pregnancy (14%) and sepsis (11%), continue to be the leading causes of maternal deaths. Increasingly, however, deaths during pregnancy are attributed to other medical conditions.

Figure 4. Contraceptive prevalence, unmet need and total demand for family planning – globally and by WHO region, 2012 Demand for family planning among women aged 15–49 who are married or in union (%)

100

Unmet need for family planning Contraceptive prevalence (any method)

Global

African Region

Region of the Americas

South-East Asia Region

European Region

Eastern Mediterranean Region

Western Paciﬁc Region

The sum of contraceptive prevalence and unmet need represents total demand for family planning.

Goal 5, Target 5.B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health In order to reduce maternal mortality rates and improve maternal health women need access to effective interventions and high-quality reproductive health care. Many countries have implemented programmes to expand access to interventions in order to reduce the level of unmet need for contraception, provide antenatal care during pregnancy and ensure delivery by a skilled birth attendant. The prevalence of contraceptive use among women aged 15–49 years who were married or in a consensual union increased globally from 55% in 1990 to 64% in 2012. Unmet need – defined as the proportion of women who are married or in a union who want to stop or postpone childbearing but are not using contraception – declined from 15% in 1990 to 12% in 2012. Although the WHO African Region had the lowest total demand for family planning in 2012 it also had the highest level of unmet need at 24% (Fig. 4). Worldwide, the proportion of women receiving antenatal care at least once during pregnancy was 83% for the period 2007–2014. However, only 64% of pregnant women received the recommended minimum of four antenatal care visits or more, suggesting that large expansions in antenatal care coverage are still needed. In addition, despite increasing coverage of delivery by a skilled birth attendant both globally and in several regions, coverage is still only 51% in the WHO African Region and in low-income countries.

2015 Figure 5. Trends in HIV prevalence and ART coverage, 2004–2013 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 People living with HIV World Sub-Saharan Africa People receiving ART

Goal 6, Target 6.A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/ AIDS; and Target 6.B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it In 2013 an estimated 2.1 million people were newly infected with HIV – down from 3.4 million in 2001. By the end of 2013 about 12.9 million people were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) globally (Fig. 5). Of these, 11.7 million lived in low- and middle-income countries, representing 36% of the estimated 32.6 million people living with HIV in such countries. Should current trends continue then the revised United Nations General Assembly target of placing 15 million people on ART by 2015 1 will be exceeded. The decrease in the number of those newly infected along with the increased availability of ART have contributed to a major decline in HIV mortality levels – from 2.4 million people in 2005 to an estimated 1.5 million in 2013. As fewer people die from AIDS-related causes the number of people living with HIV is likely to continue to grow (Fig. 5).

Number of people (millions)

World Sub-Saharan Africa

Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: Intensifying Our Efforts to Eliminate HIV and AIDS. United Nations General Assembly. Sixty-fifth session. Resolution 65/277, annex; paragraph 66; 8 July 2011 (http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/sub_ landing/files/20110610_UN_A-RES-65-277_en.pdf, accessed 3 April 2015).

Figure 6. Proportion of selected subpopulations sleeping under an ITN in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2013 100 Population sleeping under an ITN Pregnant women

Proportion of population (%)

Children aged under 5 years Children 5–19 years

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2013

Goal 6, Target 6.C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases Globally an estimated 3.2 billion people are at risk of being infected with malaria and developing disease, with 1.2 billion at particularly high risk (greater than a one-in-thousand chance of getting malaria in a year). According to the latest estimates, 198 million cases of malaria occurred globally in 2013 and the disease led to 584 000 deaths. The WHO African Region bears the highest burden of malaria, accounting for an estimated 90% of all malaria deaths worldwide. More than three quarters (78%) of malaria deaths occur in children aged < 5 years. The estimated total number of malaria cases fell from 227 million in 2000 to 198 million in 2013. During the same period, the population at risk for malaria increased by 25% globally and by 43% in the WHO African Region. Consequently, malaria incidence rates per 1000 persons at risk are estimated to have fallen by 30% globally and by 34% in the WHO African Region. Over the same period, malaria mortality rates decreased by an estimated 47% globally, by 54% in the WHO African Region and by 53% globally in children aged < 5 years. If the annual rate of decrease is maintained, malaria mortality rates are projected to decrease by 55% globally, by 62% in the WHO African Region and by 61% globally in children aged < 5 years by 2015. During the past 10 years the coverage of vector-control interventions has increased substantially in sub-Saharan Africa. As a result, the proportion of the population in sub-Saharan Africa protected by at least one vectorcontrol method has increased in recent years, reaching 48% in 2013. An estimated 44% of the population at risk were sleeping under an insecticide-treated net (ITN) in 2013 compared to 2% in 2004 (Fig. 6). Pregnant women and children aged < 5 years were more likely than the general population to sleep under an ITN (Fig. 6). Despite the impressive increases in malaria-intervention coverage, it is estimated that in 2013, 278 million of the 840 million people at risk of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa lived in households without even a single ITN. In addition, 15 million of the estimated total of 35 million 20

2015 pregnant women in the same region did not receive preventive treatment, and between 56 and 69 million children with malaria did not receive artemisinin-based combination therapies. A substantial proportion of such individuals do not seek care, and even those who do are not always provided with antimalarial treatment. Nevertheless, at the global level, the MDG target of halting by 2015 and beginning to reverse the incidence of malaria has been met. In terms of country-level progress, nationally reported data indicate that a total of 64 countries are meeting the MDG target of reversing the incidence of malaria. Of these, 55 are on track to meet the World Health Assembly and Roll Back Malaria Partnership target of reducing malaria incidence by 75% by 2015. Globally, the number of new cases of tuberculosis (incidence) has fallen at an average rate of about 1.5% per year between 2000 and 2013 (Fig. 7). Between 1990 and 2013, the global tuberculosis prevalence rate fell by 41%, with a decline of 45% observed in the mortality rate over the same period (Fig. 7). Since 2007 high global treatment-success rates (≥ 85%) have also been sustained. Nevertheless, 1.5 million people died from 000 HIV-negative tuberculosis in 2013, including 80 000 HIV-positive individuals, and children and 360 major efforts will be required to ensure that all cases are detected, notified and treated. Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis also continues to pose a significant chal000 people developing lenge with an estimated 480 this condition in 2013. Although the burden of tuberculosis remains high, with 9 million people (including 550 000 children) becoming ill in 2013, the MDG target of halting and reversing its incidence has been achieved globally, in all six WHO regions and in most of the 22 high-burden countries. In addition, two of the six WHO regions have achieved all three of the 2015 targets for reductions in tuberculosis disease burden (incidence, prevalence and mortality) 1 – namely, the WHO Region of the Americas and the WHO Western Pacific Region, with the WHO South-East Asia Region on track to do so. Incidence, prevalence and mortality rates are all falling in the WHO African Region, WHO European Region and WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region but not fast enough to meet the targets. MDG Target 6.C also includes neglected tropical diseases 2 – a medically diverse group of infectious conditions caused by a variety of pathogens. In 2013 only 6314 cases of human African trypanosomiasis were reported, representing the lowest levels of recorded cases in 50 years. This disease is now targeted for elimination as a public health problem by 2020. Dracunculiasis is also on the verge of eradication with an historic low of 126 cases reported in 2014 and an ongoing WHO target of interrupting its transmission by the end of 2015. In Chad, Ethiopia, Mali and South Sudan, where dracunculiasis cases are still occurring, local solutions are now required. Plans to eliminate leprosy as a public health problem worldwide by 2020 have also been prepared and are being implemented. The elimination of visceral leishmaniasis as a public health problem in the Indian subcontinent by 2020 is on track with a greater than 75% reduction in incident cases recorded since the launch of the programme in 2005. In the case of lymphatic filariasis, more than 5 billion treatments have been delivered since 2000 to stop its spread and of the 73 known endemic countries 39 are on track to achieve its elimination as a public health problem by 2020. In 2012 more than 807 million people received treatment through preventive campaigns for at least one of the neglected tropical diseases shown below in Footnote 2. For dengue – the world’s fastest growing arbo-viral infection – effective, long-term vector control and disease-prevention measures (including future vaccines) will require strong and well-funded national programmes and strategies, and the support of partners in the global public health community, to reduce morbidity and mortality by 2020.

2. 1.

Stop TB Partnership targets linked to the MDG target 6.C of halting and beginning to reverse the incidence of major diseases such as tuberculosis by 2015, include reducing tuberculosis prevalence and deaths by 50% by 2015 compared with the 1990 baseline.

The diseases concerned are: Buruli ulcer; Chagas disease; cysticercosis; dengue; dracunculiasis; echinococcosis; endemic treponematoses; foodborne trematode infections; human African trypanosomiasis; leishmaniasis; leprosy; lymphatic filariasis; onchocerciasis; rabies; schistosomiasis; soil-transmitted helminthiases; and trachoma.

Figure 7. Tuberculosis incidence, prevalence and mortality rates – globally and by WHO region, 1990–2013 1 400 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100 000 population per year) Global AFR AMR SEAR EUR EMR

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

WPR

500 400 300 200 100 0

Prevalence of tuberculosis (per 100 000 population)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Deaths due to tuberculosis among HIV-negative people (per 100 000 population)

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

The charts show point estimates. For more information, including uncertainty intervals, see: Global Tuberculosis Report 2014, Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/).

2015 Figure 8. Proportion of population using improved drinking-water sources, by country, 2012

Proportion of population (%) < 50 50–75 76–90 > 90 Data not available Not applicable

Goal 7, Target 7.C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinkingwater and basic sanitation The MDG on drinking-water called for the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking-water to be halved between 1990 and 2015, and was met globally in 2010. At national level, 116 countries have met the MDG target with 45 countries not currently on track to do so. In 2012, an estimated 748 million people still lacked access to improved sources of drinking-water. In addition, wide disparities continue to exist, not only between different regions of the world (Fig. 8) but also between urban and rural areas and between different socioeconomic groups within countries. The world is unlikely to meet the MDG target on access to basic sanitation in 2015, with 2.5 billion people still lacking access to improved facilities in 2012 (Fig. 9). A staggering 1 billion people (14% of the world population) have no access to toilets, latrines or any form of sanitation facility at all and therefore practised open defecation. This leads to high levels of environmental contamination and exposure to the risks of microbial infections, diarrhoeal diseases (including cholera), trachoma, schistosomiasis and hepatitis. Around 90% of people with no access to any form of sanitation facility live in rural areas.

Figure 9. Proportion of population using improved sanitation facilities, by country, 2012

Proportion of population (%) < 50 50–75 76–90 > 90 Data not available Not applicable

Goal 8, Target 8.E: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries Many people continue to face a scarcity of medicines in the public sector, forcing them to turn to the private sector where prices can be substantially higher. Surveys undertaken in the period 2007–2013 indicate that, on average, selected essential (generic) medicines in 21 low- and middle-income countries were available in only 55% of public sector facilities. The prices faced by patients increase as the wealth of the country increases – with medicines in the public sector of low-income countries costing on average twice the international reference prices, while in middle-income countries patients paid over three times the international reference prices.

2015 Summary of progress at country level Table 3 provides country-by-country summaries of national trends in MDG indicators for which targets were set1 and data are available. As with Table 1 above, the extent of progress has been classified into one of three categories based upon the following arbitrarily defined criteria: ■ Met or on track – indicates that the relative target reduction has already been met or will be achieved by 2015 should the trends observed since 1990 continue. In the case of absolute targets, the criterion used is that the latest observed data are within 5 percentage points of the target value. ■ Substantial progress – indicates that for relative target reductions the latest observed data are at least halfway to achieving the target. For the absolute coverage targets, indicates that the difference between the latest observed data and the target is no more than half the gap between the target and the global baseline 2 but greater than 5 percentage points. ■ No or limited progress – indicates that latest observed data are not yet halfway to achieving the relative target reduction. For the absolute coverage targets, indicates that the difference between the latest observed data and the target is more than half of the gap between the target and the global baseline.

The targets shown for measles immunization coverage, percent reduction in malaria incidence and percent reduction in mortality due to tuberculosis were established via resolutions of the World Health Assembly or agreed upon by WHO multilateral partnerships. The target shown for births attended by skilled health personnel was set by the International Conference on Population and Development. After rounding to the nearest 5% this leads to the following cut-off values: (a) measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds – 80%; (b) births attended by skilled health personnel – 75%; (c) antenatal care coverage: at least one visit – 80%; and (d) unmet need for family planning – 10%.

Table 3. Country progress towards the achievement of the health-related MDGs Target 4.A: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under five mortality rate Target 5.A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Target 5.B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

Percent reduction in under-five mortality rate, 1990-2013

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a (%), 2013

Percent reduction in maternal mortality ratio, 1990-2013

Births attended by skilled health personnel b (%)

Antenatal care coverage (%): at least one visit

Unmet need for family planning (%)

Target African Region Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda

67 47 26 53 6 51 51 59 30 21 31 38 47 34 32 48 67 69 40 56 39 58 45 28 -14 71 65 72 52 24 39 63 32 68 45 66

90 95 91 63 94 82 98 91 83 25 59 82 65 74 73 42 96 62 70 96 89 62 69 93 92 74 63 88 72 80 99 85 82 67 59 97

75 44 67 43 53 48 43 77 18 27 42 44 39 3 27 82 78 70 37 39 50 41 40 18 32 47 41 54 50 49 -4 63 59 37 53 77

90 97 49 81 99 66 60 99 64 40 14 82 90 57 80 68 32 10 89 57 67 45 43 44 62 61 44 87 57 65 100 54 88 29 35 69

100 93 68 84 94 95 99 91 85 55 43 92 90 89 89 91 70 34 95 86 96 85 93 92 … 96 82 96 74 84 … 91 97 83 61 98

0 … … 33 … 25 32 … 24 27 28 … 18 22 24 34 … 26 27 22 37 … 6 26 23 36 19 26 … … … 29 21 16 19 21

2015 Target 7.C: Target 6.C: Target 6.A: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the Have halted by 2015 Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse population without sustainable access to and begun to safe drinking-water and basic sanitation the incidence of reverse the spread malaria and other of HIV/AIDS major diseases Percent reduction in HIV incidence, 2001-2013 Percent reduction Percent reduction Percent reduction in mortality rate in proportion of in proportion of of tuberculosis population without population without (among HIVaccess to improved access to improved negative people) a, drinking-water sanitationc, sourcesc, 1990-2012 1990-2013 1990-2012

■ Met or on track ■ Substantial progress ■ No or limited progress ata not available or not … D applicable

>0 -30 -8 52 70 47 90 … 53 65 69 … 69 76 51 … 86 87 77 67 79 … 43 48 25 76 66 80 76 … 69 48 61 95 55 76

50 -18 32 68 83 66 41 39 < -50 82 -10 29 0 70 33 -21 47 64 8 39 90 70 -18 46 32 -29 65 77 47 74 56 42 51 87 5 -35

50 < -50 21 44 63 68 19 42 47 22 18 … … 17 5 … … 45 60 58 72 48 59 33 14 39 30 74 54 29 100 23 76 27 33 28

50 55 44 9 41 12 9 44 8 8 4 … … 8 17 … … 22 5 -3 8 12 10 7 9 5 7 0 8 13 18 14 11 4 -14 49

Target 4.A: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under five mortality rate

Target 5.A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

Target 5.B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

Percent reduction in under-five mortality rate, 1990-2013

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a (%), 2013

Percent reduction in maternal mortality ratio, 1990-2013

Births attended by skilled health personnel b (%)

Antenatal care coverage (%): at least one visit

Unmet need for family planning (%)

Target Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone South Africa South Sudan Swaziland Togo Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Region of the Americas Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama

67 54 61 18 40 28 61 -8 42 63 69 55 -19 65 54 46 22 58 68 77 38 58 51 41 54 35 53 60 73 45 62 39 50 63 43 67 64 42

90 91 84 97 83 66 30 85 72 82 99 80 93 98 91 92 90 99 95 99 95 90 92 91 99 93 79 97 94 94 85 99 65 89 94 89 99 92

75 49 40 … 52 7 59 44 32 54 55 52 10 … 3 14 57 40 61 43 < -50d 60 17 0 -27 … 58 46 37 32 48 -19 43 59 18 44 41 13

90 81 51 99 60 94 17 82 59 58 49 64 80 100 100 99 99 95 84 99 98 100 99 99 100 100 99 95 100 99 59 87 37 83 99 100 88 91

100 98 95 … 97 97 40 97 73 95 88 96 94 100 98 86 93 96 86 96 100 … 97 95 100 100 99 84 94 100 93 86 90 94 98 99 95 93

0 38 29 … 27 … 26 13 37 34 25 27 15 … … … … 16 20 … … … 8 8 9 … 11 … 18 … 21 29 35 11 10 10 11 …

■ Met or on track ■ Substantial progress ■ No or limited progress ata not available or not … D applicable

>0 96 82 … 45 57 … 48 83 -4 67 62 56 … -7 … 49 59 59 … … -2 20 … … … 86 … 38 … 31 9 60 71 55 42 -23 7

50 75 19 0 56 6 … < -50 < -50 87 74 69 23 64 67 93 < -50 < -50 49 59 52 79 68 72 48 60 59 89 79 < -50 84 < -50 48 55 31 77 75 42

50 88 35 6 37 74 … 57 25 57 -4 27 5 17 83 56 97 96 61 83 $$ 90 25 57 40 … < -50 46 60 0 68 91 3 63 0 72 42 63

50 20 26 0 2 38 … 16 -2 11 5 3 -2 … 79 33 … 63 25 42 $$ 93 35 50 63 … 33 60 40 0 47 33 6 62 5 56 16 33

Target 4.A: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under five mortality rate

Target 5.A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

Target 5.B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

Percent reduction in under-five mortality rate, 1990-2013

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a (%), 2013

Percent reduction in maternal mortality ratio, 1990-2013

Births attended by skilled health personnel b (%)

Antenatal care coverage (%): at least one visit

Unmet need for family planning (%)

Target Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago United States of America Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) South-East Asia Region Bangladesh Bhutan Democratic People's Republic of Korea India Indonesia Maldives Myanmar Nepal Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste European Region Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland

67 52 79 66 35 24 52 32 36 52 50 72 73 37 58 65 89 53 72 52 65 68 63 67 68 60 64 71 60 61 45 62 64 73 56 85 57

90 92 85 99 99 99 93 91 91 96 85 93 94 99 74 84 99 86 88 99 99 70 99 95 97 76 98 99 92 94 94 94 86 99 89 94 97

75 15 64 … 43 6 < -50 6 < -50 67 -18 69 87 -2 66 56 93 66 76 41 38 78 32 … 38 60 57 97 40 58 79 < -50 44 67 44 77 33

90 96 89 100 99 99 90 100 99 100 96 44 58 100 67 83 99 78 36 99 100 21 99 … 100 99 100 100 … 100 100 100 99 100 98 99 100

100 96 96 100 97 100 90 … … 97 … 59 74 100 75 96 99 83 58 99 98 84 97 … 99 … … 100 … 87 … 94 99 98 … 99 …

0 5 8 … … … 17 … 8 … … 14 12 15 21 11 29 … 28 7 7 32 13 … 14 … … 7 … 9 … … … 4 … … …

■ Met or on track ■ Substantial progress ■ No or limited progress ata not available or not … D applicable

>0 … … … … … 66 50 … … … … … … 57 < -50 … 75 86 < -50 68 … … … < -50 … < -50 < -50 … … … … … … … … …

50 37 77 < -50 70 < -50 33 15 73 56 63 36 96 75 50 64 92 68 67 22 37 … 67 92 -30 84 65 < -50 80 26 16 87 0 84 64 44 88

50 87 50 0 14 58 62 … 50 80 … 53 … < -50 77 50 86 68 65 81 71 36 0 $$ 100 $$ 33 $$ $$ 100 < -50 50 $$ $$ $$ 0 $$

50 68 41 … … … 0 -14 50 … 36 … 62 22 37 97 51 33 75 61 3 57 $$ 18 $$ 58 -20 $$ 0 100 0 $$ $$ $$ 0 $$

Target 4.A: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under five mortality rate

Target 5.A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

Target 5.B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

Percent reduction in under-five mortality rate, 1990-2013

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a (%), 2013

Percent reduction in maternal mortality ratio, 1990-2013

Births attended by skilled health personnel b (%)

Antenatal care coverage (%): at least one visit

Unmet need for family planning (%)

Target France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Tajikistan The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine United Kingdom Uzbekistan

67 56 72 56 69 68 67 56 67 60 70 64 60 71 78 45 50 71 50 67 71 73 53 68 62 73 75 61 70 64 57 50 56 81 74 40 50 44 39

90 89 96 97 99 99 91 93 97 90 99 99 96 93 95 99 99 88 96 93 98 98 91 92 98 74 92 98 94 95 97 93 92 96 98 99 79 95 97

75 25 18 46 17 39 43 -50 83 60 71 12 77 68 < -50 25 … 13 45 56 82 47 66 81 68 … 11 53 36 43 33 25 35 53 58 8 53 20 45

90 97 100 99 … 99 … 100 … 100 100 98 99 … 100 100 … 99 … 99 100 … 99 99 100 … 98 100 100 … … … 87 … 91 … 99 … …

100 100 98 … … … … 100 … 98 98 98 98 100 100 100 … 92 … … … … 99 … … … 98 … 100 … … … 79 99 92 … 99 … …

0 … 12 … … … … … … … 12 18 … … … … … … … … … … … … 8 … 7 … … … … … 23 17 6 … 5 … …

■ Met or on track ■ Substantial progress ■ No or limited progress ata not available or not … D applicable

>0 … < -50 … … … … … … … … < -50 … … … … … … … … … … -47 … … … … … … … … … 13 … … … 71 … …

50 72 21 69 56 85 25 73 57 55 27 -21 71 -20 27 -43 86 … 33 73 55 58 < -50 22 -46 $$ … 71 62 78 80 85 -8 71 94 < -50 -46 36 8

50 $$ 93 $$ 100 100 $$ $$ $$ $$ -17 56 0 69 $$ $$ $$ 33 $$ $$ … 100 57 … 57 … 0 $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ 33 0 100 < -50 33 $$ -30

50 $$ < -50 $$ 67 $$ $$ 0 $$ … 25 11 … 63 $$ $$ $$ … $$ $$ … 100 46 … -15 … 25 $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ 45 … 44 50 -20 $$ 100

Target 4.A: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under five mortality rate

Target 5.A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

Target 5.B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

Percent reduction in under-five mortality rate, 1990-2013

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a (%), 2013

Percent reduction in maternal mortality ratio, 1990-2013

Births attended by skilled health personnel b (%)

Antenatal care coverage (%): at least one visit

Unmet need for family planning (%)

Target Eastern Mediterranean Region Afghanistan Bahrain Djibouti Egypt Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Somalia Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen Western Pacific Region Australia Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China Cook Islands Fiji Japan Kiribati Lao People's Democratic Republic Malaysia Marshall Islands Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Nauru New Zealand

67 46 74 41 74 70 36 49 41 72 64 63 72 38 62 64 19 40 59 71 53 59 56 17 68 76 63 20 50 39 56 47 24 35 70 36 45

90 75 99 80 96 98 63 97 99 79 98 99 99 61 99 98 46 85 61 94 94 78 94 99 90 99 97 94 95 91 82 95 70 91 97 96 92

75 67 -5 43 63 72 39 42 -17 75 52 61 77 58 45 61 35 50 62 49 50 41 14 -4 86 67 … 34 57 48 80 48 … 44 32 … 56

90 36 100 57 92 96 91 100 99 … 100 74 99 52 100 97 … 20 96 74 100 45 99 100 71 100 100 99 100 80 40 99 90 100 99 97 97

100 46 100 … 90 97 78 99 100 … 93 77 99 73 91 98 … 74 88 84 100 60 96 93 89 95 … 98 … 88 53 97 92 80 99 94 …

0 … … … 12 6 8 12 … … 27 11 56 20 6 … … 29 16 7 … … … … 17 … … … … 28 20 … 8 … 22 24 …

■ Met or on track ■ Substantial progress ■ No or limited progress ata not available or not … D applicable

>0 … … 95 < -50 -21 … … … … … -46 … < -50 … … 21 … … < -50 … … … … 82 … … … … … … … … … … … …

50 -14 87 7 80 36 60 58 -3 53 33 28 72 61 98 3 37 53 72 5 -1 89 44 0 68 84 < -50 26 45 0 73 12 < -50 19 69 -2 82

50 62 100 65 86 50 32 -33 0 $$ … 41 67 40 $$ 63 … -36 29 83 -32 $$ … 63 76 $$ $$ 73 $$ 34 53 100 38 -22 61 … $$

50 10 0 -3 86 62 46 33 $$ … 0 48 83 29 $$ 100 … -4 73 63 33 38 $$ … 35 54 63 70 $$ 17 56 75 31 47 17 0 …

Target 4.A: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under five mortality rate

Target 5.A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

Target 5.B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

Percent reduction in under-five mortality rate, 1990-2013

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a (%), 2013

Percent reduction in maternal mortality ratio, 1990-2013

Births attended by skilled health personnel b (%)

Antenatal care coverage (%): at least one visit

Unmet need for family planning (%)

Target Niue Palau Papua New Guinea Philippines Republic of Korea Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Viet Nam

67 < -50 50 31 49 43 42 63 23 48 49 48 53

90 99 99 70 90 99 99 95 76 99 96 52 98

75 … … 53 -9 -50 61 25 59 < -50 … 49 65

90 100 99 44 73 100 81 100 86 96 93 89 94

100 100 90 66 95 100 93 … 91 99 93 76 96

0 … … 27 19 … 48 … 11 … 24 … 4

Target established via resolutions of the World Health Assembly or agreed upon by WHO multilateral partnerships. Target set by the International Conference on Population and Development c. Countries without 1990 estimates shown in Part II, Table 5 were assessed using 1995 estimates as the baseline and against a proportionately decreased reduction target of 40%. d. Vital registration data were available for analysis only up to 2009. Recent hospital surveillance data for Canada (excluding Quebec) indicate a decline in maternal deaths per 100 000 deliveries from 8.8 in 2007–2009 to 6.1 in 2009–2011. An estimated 98% of deliveries in Canada occur in hospitals. a. b.

■ Met or on track ■ Substantial progress ■ No or limited progress ata not available or not … D applicable

>0 … … 67 … … … … … … … … 58

50 58 83 69 51 53 33 58 84 61 73 10 63

50 < -50 … 9 50 78 91 $$ … 0 80 76 87

50 100 100 -1 40 $$ -14 100 … < -50 37 34 60

Target Niue Palau Papua New Guinea Philippines Republic of Korea Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Viet Nam

2015 Part II

Global health indicators

2015 General notes The following summary tables represent the best estimates of WHO for a broad range of key public health indicators based on evidence available at the beginning of 2015. These best estimates have wherever possible been computed by WHO using standardized categories and methods in order to enhance cross-national comparability. In some cases this approach may result in differences between the estimates presented here and the official national statistics prepared and endorsed by individual WHO Member States. It is also important to stress that these estimates are subject to considerable uncertainty, particularly for countries with weak statistical and health information systems where the quality of the underlying empirical data is limited. In addition, it should not be assumed that changes in the values shown for indicators reported on in previous editions of the World Health Statistics series accurately reflect underlying trends. This applies to all types of data and estimates (reported and survey-based data, and modelling-based estimates) and to all reporting levels (national, regional and global). For indicators with a reference period expressed as a range in Tables 4, 5, 6 and 9, the figure shown is for the most recent year in the range for which data are available unless otherwise noted. For survey data, the year of the report is used to determine the latest available year to be consistent across indicators. For more information on specific years, indicator definitions and metadata please refer to: http://www.who.int/gho. The WHO regional, income-group and global estimates for rates and ratios are population-weighted averages when relevant, while for absolute numbers they are the aggregated sums. Figures are calculated only if data are available for at least 50% of the population within an indicated region or group. For indicators with a reference period expressed as a range, the estimate provided covers the reference period shown in the heading unless otherwise noted. Income-group averages and aggregates, unless otherwise noted, are calculated using the World Bank analytical income classification of economies for fiscal year 2015, which is based on the 2013 Atlas gross national income per capita estimates. 1 ... indicates data not available or not applicable.

See Annex 1.

2015 1. Life expectancy and mortality The indicators of life expectancy and mortality presented in Table 1 are: life expectancy at birth; life expectancy at age 60; healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth; neonatal mortality rate (the probability of death occurring during the first 28 days of life); infant and under-five mortality rates (the probability of dying between birth and 1 year of age, and before 5 years of age, respectively); and adult mortality rate (the probability of dying between 15 and 60 years of age). The estimates of mortality presented here have been derived wherever possible from death-registration data reported annually to WHO. For countries where such data are not available or are of poor quality, estimates of mortality by age and sex were used to construct life tables from which life expectancy was then calculated. Life expectancy at birth reflects the overall mortality level of a population and summarizes the mortality pattern that prevails across all age groups – children and adolescents, adults and the elderly. HALE represents the average number of years that a person in a population can expect to live “in full health” by taking into account years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury. In recent years, WHO has liaised more closely with the United Nations Population Division in producing life tables for countries in order to maximize the consistency of United Nations and WHO life tables, and to minimize differences in the use and interpretation of available data on mortality levels. In the case of child mortality, WHO is part of the Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME) which carries out annual updates of estimates for infant and child mortality for UNICEF, WHO and other international agencies. As well as harmonizing the child mortality estimates used by its members, the IGME monitors progress towards the achievement of the relevant MDG target. 1 Child mortality rates measure child survival, and reflect the social, economic and environmental conditions in which children (and others in society) live, including their access to health care.

MDG 4; Target 4.A: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate.

Table 1

1. Life expectancy and mortality Member State Life expectancy at birth a (years) Life expectancy at age 60 a (years)

Both sexes 1990 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark 49 69 68 77 43 71 73 67 77 76 63 72 73 60 74 71 76 71 53 53 58 73 65 66 73 71 50 49 66 54 54 77 48 45 73 69 71 56 56 69 77 51 73 74 76 71 70 49 75 2013 61 74 72 83 52 75 76 71 83 81 72 76 77 71 78 72 80 75 59 68 68 77 64 75 77 75 59 56 75 73 57 82 51 52 80 75 78 62 59 76 79 53 78 78 82 78 70 52 80 1990 49 67 66 74 41 70 69 63 74 72 60 69 72 60 71 66 73 69 51 53 56 70 65 63 71 68 48 48 63 51 53 74 46 43 69 67 67 54 55 67 75 50 69 73 74 68 66 48 72

Male 2013 61 73 70 79 50 73 73 67 80 79 70 73 76 70 75 66 78 72 57 68 65 75 63 72 76 71 58 54 71 70 56 80 50 51 77 74 75 60 58 74 77 52 75 77 80 75 66 51 78

Female 1990 50 71 69 81 45 72 76 71 80 79 66 74 74 59 77 76 79 74 56 53 60 75 66 70 75 75 51 51 68 57 56 81 50 47 76 71 75 58 58 72 78 54 76 76 79 75 73 51 78 2013 62 76 74 86 53 77 80 75 85 84 75 78 78 72 81 78 83 78 60 69 70 80 65 79 79 78 59 58 78 75 58 84 52 53 83 77 81 63 60 78 81 54 81 80 84 81 73 54 82

Both sexes 1990 14 16 17 22 14 17 20 16 21 21 16 19 18 17 20 19 21 19 15 16 17 18 17 18 18 18 15 15 17 17 16 22 15 14 19 18 21 15 16 17 22 16 18 20 20 17 17 15 20 2013 16 19 18 25 16 22 22 17 25 24 19 21 20 18 23 18 24 21 16 19 19 21 18 22 21 20 15 16 20 24 17 25 16 15 24 19 24 16 17 21 23 16 22 22 24 22 17 15 23 1990 13 15 16 19 13 17 17 14 19 18 15 17 17 17 18 16 18 18 14 16 16 16 18 16 17 16 14 14 16 16 15 19 14 13 17 16 19 14 16 17 21 15 16 19 19 15 14 14 18

Male 2013 15 18 17 23 15 21 19 15 24 22 17 19 20 18 21 14 22 19 15 19 18 19 18 20 20 17 15 15 17 22 16 23 15 14 22 18 23 15 17 20 22 15 19 21 23 19 14 15 21

Female 1990 15 18 18 24 14 18 22 18 23 22 17 20 19 17 22 21 23 20 16 16 18 19 17 19 20 19 15 16 18 18 16 24 15 15 21 19 22 16 17 18 22 17 20 21 22 19 20 16 22 2013 17 20 19 28 16 23 24 19 27 26 20 23 21 19 25 22 25 23 16 19 20 22 18 23 21 22 15 17 22 25 17 26 16 15 26 21 25 17 18 22 25 16 24 23 26 24 19 16 24

2015 MDG 4 Healthy life expectancy at birth a (years) Both sexes 2013 50 65 62 72 44 64 67 62 73 71 63 64 66 61 66 62 71 64 50 59 59 68 54 65 69 65 51 48 64 62 49 72 44 44 70 68 67 54 50 64 69 46 68 66 74 69 63 44 70 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births) b Both sexes 1990 51 17 23 4 54 12 16 24 5 5 32 12 8 55 10 8 5 16 41 43 38 12 25 28 6 12 40 46 22 38 35 5 48 48 8 25 19 41 30 12 9 48 8 7 6 10 21 48 5 2013 36 7 14 1 47 5 7 10 2 2 16 7 2 24 8 2 2 8 27 18 18 4 25 8 5 6 27 30 11 18 28 3 43 40 5 8 10 31 19 5 6 38 3 3 2 2 15 38 2 1990 121 35 40 8 133 23 24 42 8 8 75 20 20 100 16 14 8 32 108 93 85 16 39 51 9 18 103 103 48 86 85 7 115 116 16 42 29 88 60 21 14 104 11 11 10 13 33 115 7 Infant mortality rate (probability of dying by age 1 per 1000 live births) b Both sexes 2000 95 23 34 4 128 14 18 27 5 5 61 13 11 64 15 11 5 21 90 59 57 8 54 29 8 18 96 92 29 82 93 5 113 106 9 30 21 73 77 14 11 100 7 7 6 6 45 115 5 2013 70 13 22 2 102 8 12 14 3 3 30 10 5 33 13 4 4 14 56 30 31 6 36 12 8 10 64 55 22 33 61 5 96 89 7 11 15 58 36 8 8 71 4 5 3 3 22 86 3 1990 179 41 47 9 226 26 28 50 9 10 95 24 23 144 18 17 10 40 179 134 123 18 50 62 12 22 202 171 63 118 136 8 177 215 19 54 35 125 92 24 17 152 13 13 11 15 43 176 9 Under-five mortality rate b (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Both sexes 2000 136 26 40 5 217 15 20 30 6 6 74 16 13 88 16 14 6 25 146 79 77 9 85 33 10 21 186 149 35 111 151 6 174 191 11 37 25 101 121 17 13 146 8 8 7 7 60 176 6 2013 97 15 25 3 167 9 13 16 4 4 34 13 6 41 14 5 4 17 85 36 39 7 47 14 10 12 98 83 26 38 95 5 139 148 8 13 17 78 49 9 10 100 5 6 4 4 27 119 4 1990 412 158 199 144 505 205 198 280 124 154 289 193 117 195 188 283 139 162 318 381 299 181 243 272 151 217 371 417 240 400 340 132 447 501 196 173 230 347 379 253 129 412 224 155 110 230 168 401 152 Adult mortality rate a (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years of age per 1000 population) Male 2012 252 118 164 90 372 201 151 227 78 91 167 141 70 156 116 299 98 145 284 219 247 138 321 197 101 189 298 359 144 210 370 81 433 410 107 103 148 281 323 163 111 410 135 115 75 127 183 379 100 Female 1990 368 104 152 60 409 143 103 135 66 74 162 120 103 212 109 107 75 104 246 403 245 86 242 150 112 97 313 356 167 317 287 71 376 401 98 127 115 283 325 155 86 351 89 111 61 95 105 345 99 2013 232 85 121 43 322 145 83 95 45 46 83 88 54 126 65 100 57 78 238 212 172 64 254 97 69 83 256 300 68 157 341 52 412 377 55 76 73 234 280 73 64 398 58 73 36 57 111 320 60 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Member State

Table 1

1. Life expectancy and mortality Member State Life expectancy at birth a (years) Life expectancy at age 60 a (years)

Both sexes 1990 Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya 57 74 69 69 65 65 48 48 70 45 66 75 78 61 52 71 76 57 77 70 62 47 49 63 54 67 69 78 58 62 64 69 75 77 77 71 79 70 66 60 60 73 66 53 69 67 61 42 68 2013 62 75 74 76 71 73 56 64 77 65 70 81 82 64 61 74 81 63 81 73 72 58 54 64 63 74 75 82 66 71 74 70 81 82 83 74 84 74 68 61 67 78 69 66 74 80 50 62 75 1990 55 72 68 67 63 61 46 46 64 42 64 71 73 60 50 67 72 55 75 67 60 46 47 59 52 65 65 75 57 60 63 67 72 75 74 69 76 68 61 58 57 73 62 51 64 64 59 39 67

Male 2013 60 72 73 73 69 68 55 61 72 63 67 78 79 62 60 71 79 62 79 70 68 57 53 60 61 72 71 81 65 69 72 67 79 81 80 72 80 72 63 60 64 78 66 65 69 78 48 61 73

Female 1990 59 76 70 72 67 70 49 50 75 48 68 79 82 63 53 75 79 58 80 74 65 48 52 67 56 69 74 81 58 64 64 71 78 79 80 74 82 71 70 62 62 74 69 54 74 71 62 46 70 2013 63 77 74 79 74 77 57 66 82 66 73 84 85 65 63 78 83 64 84 77 75 59 55 67 64 77 79 84 68 73 76 74 83 84 85 77 87 76 73 63 69 79 73 68 79 82 52 63 77

Both sexes 1990 15 20 19 20 17 19 15 12 18 15 15 20 22 17 16 19 20 16 21 18 18 15 14 16 15 19 17 22 15 16 16 18 19 21 21 20 23 17 17 17 16 18 18 15 18 17 17 14 17 2013 16 21 21 22 18 22 16 15 22 18 17 24 25 18 17 20 24 17 24 19 21 16 15 15 17 22 20 24 17 18 20 18 24 25 25 21 26 19 16 18 17 21 17 17 20 23 16 16 20 1990 15 19 19 19 16 18 14 11 15 14 14 17 20 17 15 17 18 16 20 15 17 15 14 14 15 18 15 20 14 15 16 17 17 20 19 19 20 17 15 16 15 19 16 14 15 16 16 13 16

Male 2013 15 21 21 21 16 20 16 14 18 17 15 22 23 18 16 18 22 17 23 16 20 16 14 13 16 21 17 23 16 17 19 16 22 23 23 20 23 18 13 17 16 21 16 16 16 21 15 15 18

Female 1990 16 21 20 21 18 20 15 13 20 15 16 22 25 18 16 20 22 17 23 20 19 16 15 18 16 20 19 24 16 17 16 19 21 22 23 21 25 18 19 18 17 18 19 16 20 18 17 15 18 2013 17 22 21 24 19 23 17 17 24 19 19 26 28 19 17 22 25 18 26 23 23 17 15 17 18 23 22 26 18 19 20 19 26 26 27 23 29 20 18 18 18 21 19 18 22 25 17 17 21

2015 MDG 4 Healthy life expectancy at birth a (years) Both sexes 2013 53 63 63 66 62 63 47 55 67 56 60 71 72 54 53 65 71 54 71 62 62 50 46 54 52 64 65 72 58 62 64 61 71 72 73 63 75 64 60 53 58 68 61 57 65 70 43 52 64 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births) b Both sexes 1990 44 12 28 21 32 19 48 36 12 55 13 4 4 33 46 28 4 40 9 10 29 53 61 29 38 25 13 3 51 31 27 26 5 6 6 17 3 19 23 33 30 9 28 48 13 16 45 52 21 2013 31 8 16 11 12 7 33 18 2 28 10 1 2 23 28 10 2 29 3 6 15 33 44 20 25 12 4 1 29 14 10 19 2 2 2 10 1 11 9 26 22 5 13 29 5 5 44 26 9 1990 92 14 46 44 63 46 124 93 17 122 25 6 7 60 80 41 7 80 11 18 60 140 133 47 100 46 17 5 88 62 44 42 8 10 8 25 5 30 45 64 69 14 55 111 17 27 70 165 36 Infant mortality rate (probability of dying by age 1 per 1000 live births) b Both sexes 2000 80 14 33 28 36 27 99 58 9 90 21 4 4 56 63 31 4 65 7 14 40 103 109 39 75 31 10 3 67 41 29 36 6 6 5 20 3 23 38 69 54 11 42 83 15 17 81 119 24 2013 57 10 24 19 19 14 69 36 3 44 20 2 4 39 49 12 3 52 4 11 26 65 78 30 55 19 5 2 41 25 14 28 3 3 3 14 2 16 15 48 45 8 22 54 7 8 73 54 12 1990 119 17 60 57 85 60 184 151 20 205 30 7 9 93 170 47 9 128 13 22 81 238 225 61 145 59 19 6 126 84 57 53 9 12 10 30 6 37 53 99 95 17 66 162 20 32 86 248 42 Under-five mortality rate b (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Both sexes 2000 101 16 41 34 45 32 142 89 11 146 24 4 5 85 119 36 5 101 8 16 51 170 181 49 104 38 11 4 91 52 35 45 7 7 6 24 5 28 44 111 71 13 49 117 17 20 115 175 28 2013 70 11 28 23 22 16 96 50 3 64 24 3 4 56 74 13 4 78 4 12 31 101 124 37 73 22 6 2 53 29 17 34 4 4 4 17 3 19 16 71 58 10 24 71 8 9 98 71 15 1990 324 194 183 219 232 330 411 534 301 478 266 183 162 267 348 217 157 299 117 215 320 355 365 372 352 239 305 112 288 266 239 170 134 107 129 191 109 175 318 287 299 128 291 358 311 280 297 544 194 Adult mortality rate a (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years of age per 1000 population) Male 2012 286 219 160 157 193 290 368 301 195 239 239 114 109 296 295 174 92 261 98 194 236 301 393 377 263 173 201 61 239 176 153 203 82 72 69 173 81 131 322 299 206 59 272 197 224 70 577 279 117 Female 1990 269 145 156 141 145 162 353 447 107 366 194 70 67 221 300 86 77 260 56 150 205 307 286 231 299 179 133 69 242 204 217 117 81 71 60 122 53 135 150 228 222 81 156 309 118 150 247 376 142 2013 245 116 146 85 117 136 319 229 64 198 143 51 52 235 240 66 50 222 41 120 126 267 325 256 221 120 91 37 158 121 83 104 49 41 38 105 42 96 146 250 134 42 130 158 85 46 492 240 80 Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Member State

Table 1

1. Life expectancy and mortality Member State Life expectancy at birth a (years) Life expectancy at age 60 a (years)

Both sexes 1990 Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa 71 76 51 45 71 58 46 76 63 58 70 71 66 78 61 76 64 43 59 63 73 54 77 76 71 43 46 71 77 68 60 66 74 56 73 70 66 71 74 75 72 68 70 69 48 68 72 72 66 2013 74 82 64 60 74 78 57 81 70 63 74 75 69 82 68 76 71 54 66 68 79 68 81 82 74 59 55 75 82 76 66 73 77 62 75 77 69 77 81 79 82 70 74 69 65 74 75 74 73 1990 66 72 50 43 68 60 46 74 61 57 66 68 65 74 58 73 63 41 57 62 69 54 74 73 68 43 45 69 74 66 59 65 72 53 71 68 63 67 71 74 68 65 66 63 46 65 70 69 63

Male 2013 69 80 63 58 72 77 57 79 68 62 70 73 68 79 64 74 69 53 64 66 75 67 79 80 71 59 54 72 80 74 65 71 74 60 72 76 65 73 78 79 78 66 71 63 64 71 72 72 70

Female 1990 76 79 53 46 73 57 46 78 65 60 74 75 67 81 64 79 66 45 61 64 77 55 80 78 74 43 47 75 80 70 61 68 76 59 76 72 70 76 78 76 76 72 73 74 50 71 74 75 69 2013 79 84 66 61 76 79 57 82 73 65 78 78 70 85 72 78 73 55 68 70 83 70 83 84 77 59 55 78 84 79 67 75 80 65 78 79 72 81 84 80 85 75 78 75 67 78 79 76 77

Both sexes 1990 19 20 15 15 17 13 14 19 16 16 17 21 17 22 15 22 17 14 16 16 20 15 21 20 22 15 15 17 21 17 17 16 21 13 21 21 18 18 20 19 18 17 18 18 15 17 20 19 15 2013 20 25 17 16 19 21 16 23 18 16 20 21 17 25 16 20 18 16 17 19 23 17 24 25 21 16 16 19 24 20 17 18 24 15 21 23 17 21 24 22 24 17 20 17 18 19 21 21 19 1990 16 18 15 14 16 14 14 18 15 15 15 20 16 20 14 19 16 14 15 16 17 14 18 18 20 14 14 16 18 16 17 15 20 12 19 20 17 15 18 19 15 15 17 15 14 16 19 18 14

Male 2013 17 23 16 16 18 20 15 22 17 16 18 20 16 23 14 19 17 16 16 18 20 16 22 24 20 15 15 17 23 19 17 17 22 13 20 22 15 19 22 22 22 15 18 14 17 17 19 20 16

Female 1990 21 22 16 15 18 12 14 21 17 16 19 22 17 25 16 23 18 15 16 16 23 16 23 22 24 15 15 19 23 18 18 17 22 15 22 22 19 20 22 20 20 19 19 20 15 19 21 21 18 2013 23 26 17 17 20 21 16 24 20 17 22 22 18 28 18 21 19 17 17 19 27 18 25 26 22 16 16 21 26 22 18 20 25 17 23 24 19 24 26 22 27 19 22 20 19 21 23 22 21

2015 MDG 4 Healthy life expectancy at birth a (years) Both sexes 2013 65 72 55 51 65 68 49 71 59 54 65 67 60 72 60 66 61 46 57 58 66 59 71 72 64 51 47 64 71 66 57 63 67 53 65 67 60 67 71 68 73 62 66 61 56 63 63 63 64 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births) b Both sexes 1990 9 4 41 50 8 36 59 7 20 41 16 17 22 4 31 11 36 56 42 29 28 53 5 4 25 50 52 7 4 19 56 16 13 31 22 26 23 11 7 10 3 14 17 15 39 17 13 15 12 2013 3 1 21 23 4 6 40 4 16 35 9 7 16 2 13 4 18 30 26 22 20 23 3 3 12 28 37 12 2 7 42 9 8 24 12 8 14 3 2 4 2 8 7 5 20 7 9 12 8 1990 13 7 98 143 14 68 131 10 39 78 20 37 43 6 77 15 64 158 78 50 45 99 7 9 51 138 126 12 7 32 106 31 26 65 37 57 41 15 12 18 6 27 31 22 93 23 19 21 26 Infant mortality rate (probability of dying by age 1 per 1000 live births) b Both sexes 2000 10 4 71 103 9 35 116 7 34 76 16 22 42 4 49 13 43 114 59 49 33 60 5 6 33 101 113 20 4 14 88 23 22 58 28 30 30 8 6 11 5 25 23 20 108 14 15 19 19 2013 4 2 40 44 7 8 78 5 31 67 13 13 30 3 26 5 26 62 40 35 30 32 3 5 20 60 74 21 2 10 69 15 15 47 19 13 24 5 3 7 3 13 11 9 37 8 13 17 16 1990 17 9 161 245 17 94 254 11 50 118 23 46 55 8 108 17 81 237 109 74 58 142 8 11 67 327 213 14 9 39 139 36 31 89 46 80 59 17 15 21 7 32 38 26 152 29 23 25 31 Under-five mortality rate b (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Both sexes 2000 12 5 111 174 10 44 220 8 42 113 19 26 53 5 65 14 51 169 80 76 41 82 6 7 40 227 188 23 5 17 113 27 26 78 34 40 40 9 7 12 6 31 27 23 182 18 18 22 22 2013 5 2 56 68 9 10 123 6 38 90 14 15 36 4 32 5 30 87 51 50 37 40 4 6 24 104 117 25 3 11 86 18 18 61 22 17 30 5 4 8 4 15 12 10 52 10 15 19 18 1990 288 160 370 467 209 259 348 108 268 270 264 215 210 155 269 165 224 459 316 268 154 340 116 143 171 317 408 222 128 215 220 268 146 437 138 163 272 263 176 94 237 285 239 318 487 272 204 217 300 Adult mortality rate a (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years of age per 1000 population) Male 2012 254 79 257 362 169 86 277 75 153 234 202 174 181 105 309 152 170 438 240 255 88 192 69 80 200 252 357 164 73 116 189 156 149 319 178 116 255 186 111 72 93 277 205 339 246 165 177 169 166 Female 1990 107 79 320 407 129 327 340 62 217 223 121 120 187 67 183 73 172 384 248 230 78 308 67 93 122 295 364 124 65 151 197 217 101 333 99 123 154 102 80 82 102 155 114 117 406 193 147 140 194 2013 88 50 208 290 86 55 275 41 104 187 95 93 154 48 148 79 121 432 183 177 44 159 54 52 116 241 325 84 47 73 155 106 81 243 96 90 136 70 48 50 38 106 81 126 196 79 85 110 97 Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Member State

Table 1

1. Life expectancy and mortality Member State Life expectancy at birth a (years) Life expectancy at age 60 a (years)

Both sexes 1990 San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe 79 61 69 57 72 69 38 75 71 74 62 47 62 42 77 69 55 73 61 78 78 70 64 69 72 50 55 68 68 70 65 62 62 47 70 72 76 51 75 73 67 66 72 70 58 43 62 2013 83 67 76 64 75 74 46 83 76 80 69 54 60 56 83 75 63 77 53 82 83 76 69 75 76 67 58 71 71 76 75 64 68 59 71 77 81 63 79 77 69 72 76 76 64 58 59 1990 76 59 67 56 69 64 38 73 66 70 61 45 59 41 73 65 54 71 62 75 74 69 62 66 70 48 54 64 65 69 62 59 59 44 65 71 73 49 72 69 63 64 70 66 56 40 60

Male 2013 83 65 74 63 72 70 46 81 72 77 67 53 57 55 80 72 61 74 53 80 81 73 68 71 74 65 57 74 67 74 72 60 66 57 66 76 79 61 76 74 67 71 72 71 63 57 56

Female 1990 83 63 71 59 75 75 38 78 75 78 63 50 66 44 81 75 57 76 61 81 81 71 65 72 75 51 57 74 71 72 68 65 64 49 75 73 79 52 79 76 70 67 74 75 59 47 64 2013 84 69 78 66 77 78 46 85 80 84 70 56 64 57 86 78 65 80 53 84 85 78 70 79 78 69 60 70 74 78 79 68 70 61 76 78 83 65 81 81 72 74 80 80 66 60 61

Both sexes 1990 23 17 17 16 19 17 11 20 18 19 15 15 15 14 22 19 16 21 16 21 22 18 18 18 19 14 16 17 17 19 18 16 14 15 18 17 20 16 21 19 18 16 19 20 16 15 18 2013 25 18 19 16 19 20 13 25 21 23 17 16 17 16 25 20 17 23 17 24 25 20 17 21 19 17 17 18 18 21 21 16 16 17 18 20 24 18 23 22 17 18 23 22 16 17 18 1990 20 17 16 15 17 14 11 18 15 17 15 14 13 13 19 18 16 19 16 19 19 17 17 16 18 13 16 14 15 18 16 14 13 14 15 17 18 15 19 17 16 15 18 18 15 14 17

Male 2013 25 17 18 15 17 17 12 23 18 21 16 16 14 16 23 18 17 21 17 23 24 18 17 19 18 16 16 19 16 20 19 15 15 16 15 19 22 17 22 19 16 17 22 19 15 16 17

Female 1990 25 18 18 16 20 21 11 21 20 21 16 15 17 14 24 21 17 22 15 23 24 18 18 19 20 15 17 19 18 19 20 17 16 16 20 18 22 16 23 21 20 17 20 23 16 16 18 2013 26 19 21 17 20 23 13 27 23 26 18 17 19 17 28 22 18 25 17 25 27 22 17 23 21 18 17 18 20 22 23 17 18 17 20 20 25 18 24 25 18 19 25 25 17 18 19

2015 MDG 4 Healthy life expectancy at birth a (years) Both sexes 2013 73 57 65 55 65 67 39 76 67 69 60 46 52 48 73 65 53 65 45 72 72 66 60 66 66 57 50 62 60 66 65 56 59 50 63 67 71 53 69 68 61 62 66 66 55 50 50 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births) b Both sexes 1990 4 32 21 42 17 10 57 4 12 5 16 52 20 65 7 12 41 22 30 4 4 17 38 19 17 48 42 11 20 24 31 32 22 40 9 9 5 43 6 11 20 15 15 23 43 44 31 2013 1 19 9 23 4 9 44 1 4 2 13 46 15 39 3 6 30 12 30 2 3 8 22 8 4 24 30 6 15 9 11 23 13 22 5 5 3 21 4 6 14 9 8 13 24 29 39 1990 10 70 35 71 24 14 158 6 16 9 32 108 47 150 9 18 80 41 55 6 7 30 85 30 33 130 90 19 27 41 56 73 44 107 17 14 8 101 9 20 59 27 25 37 88 115 50 Infant mortality rate (probability of dying by age 1 per 1000 live births) b Both sexes 2000 5 58 19 69 11 12 141 3 10 5 28 105 52 110 5 14 69 30 80 3 5 20 75 19 14 84 77 15 25 26 34 66 34 89 16 10 6 80 7 15 53 20 18 27 69 100 61 2013 3 37 13 44 6 12 107 2 6 2 25 90 33 64 4 8 51 20 56 2 4 12 41 11 6 46 56 10 19 13 17 47 24 44 9 7 4 36 6 10 37 15 13 19 40 56 55 1990 11 110 44 141 28 17 268 8 18 10 39 180 61 253 11 21 128 48 74 7 8 37 108 37 37 172 146 23 31 52 74 91 57 179 20 17 9 167 11 23 71 33 30 51 125 193 75 Under-five mortality rate b (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Both sexes 2000 6 89 23 137 13 14 232 4 12 6 34 174 74 183 7 16 108 35 123 4 6 23 94 23 16 107 122 18 29 31 42 82 43 147 18 11 7 132 8 17 64 23 21 35 96 169 103 2013 3 51 16 55 7 14 161 3 7 3 30 146 44 99 4 10 77 23 80 3 4 15 48 13 7 55 85 12 21 15 19 55 29 66 10 8 5 52 7 11 43 17 15 24 51 87 89 1990 80 264 178 282 184 318 525 152 269 207 318 473 344 448 146 294 342 188 253 114 126 158 217 233 153 424 304 314 248 146 232 301 348 503 287 150 129 388 173 196 251 256 178 212 301 634 308 Adult mortality rate a (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years of age per 1000 population) Male 2012 54 221 89 244 172 214 444 69 168 112 203 339 441 353 86 184 274 171 515 69 66 116 176 177 134 208 323 115 229 130 147 376 236 380 295 84 88 314 128 148 210 161 198 189 255 356 385 Female 1990 40 210 131 220 94 127 512 93 104 82 290 364 219 391 60 125 276 123 288 66 62 140 180 132 87 361 259 128 166 102 133 193 259 418 112 121 78 328 91 98 144 210 117 95 247 452 255 2013 46 168 67 192 84 99 423 38 67 49 162 289 320 323 40 75 212 94 496 43 40 73 153 90 71 164 279 245 129 69 73 200 182 307 114 59 55 244 76 79 130 113 88 69 211 303 288 San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Member State

Table 1

1. Life expectancy and mortality Member State Life expectancy at birth a (years) Life expectancy at age 60 a (years)

Both sexes 1990 2013 1990

Male 2013

Female 1990 2013

Both sexes 1990 2013 1990

Male 2013

Female 1990 2013

Ranges of country values Minimum Median Maximum 38 68 79 46 74 84 38 65 76 46 71 83 38 71 83 46 77 87 11 17 23 13 19 26 11 16 21 12 18 25 11 19 25 13 21 29

WHO region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region 50 71 59 72 62 69 58 77 68 76 68 76 48 68 58 68 61 67 57 74 66 73 67 74 52 75 60 75 63 72 60 80 70 80 70 78 15 20 16 19 17 18 17 23 17 22 18 21 14 18 15 17 16 17 16 21 16 19 17 19 16 22 16 21 18 20 17 24 19 24 19 22

Income group Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income 53 59 68 75 62 66 74 79 51 58 66 71 61 64 72 76 54 60 71 78 64 68 76 82 16 16 18 20 17 17 20 23 15 15 17 18 16 16 19 21 16 17 19 22 18 19 21 25

Global

Mortality and global health estimates [online database]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www.who.int/gho/mortality_burden_disease/en/). Income groups were derived using the 2013 World Bank list of economies. South Sudan is included in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region for consistency of time series with World Health Statistics 2014 figures. Levels & Trends in Child Mortality. Report 2014. Estimates Developed by the UN Interagency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. New York: UNICEF; 2014 (http://www. unicef.org/media/files/Levels_and_Trends_in_Child_Mortality_2014.pdf, accessed 6 April 2015).

2015 MDG 4 Healthy life expectancy at birth a (years) Both sexes 2013 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births) b Both sexes 1990 2013 1990 Infant mortality rate (probability of dying by age 1 per 1000 live births) b Both sexes 2000 2013 1990 Under-five mortality rate b (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Both sexes 2000 2013 1990 Adult mortality rate a (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years of age per 1000 population) Male 2012 Female 1990 2013 Member State

39 63 76

3 21 65

1 10 47

5 37 165

3 27 141

2 15 107

6 47 327

4 33 232

2 18 167

80 246 634

54 184 577

40 145 512

36 102 496

Minimum Median Maximum

50 67 59 67 59 68

45 18 47 14 40 24

31 8 26 6 26 8

106 34 84 26 75 40

94 22 61 19 60 29

60 12 37 11 43 13

176 42 118 32 101 52

155 26 83 23 80 36

90 15 47 12 55 15

395 205 276 216 239 174

332 157 219 178 181 114

326 115 226 96 196 119

281 87 146 79 135 76

African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

53 57 66 70

47 44 24 8

28 27 10 4

105 83 43 12

86 66 31 8

53 44 16 5

167 119 54 14

135 93 39 10

76 59 20 6

343 286 199 182

264 236 139 135

294 222 133 83

219 160 89 66

Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

233

182

161

121

Global

Table 1

2015 Table 2

2. Cause-specific mortality and morbidity Table 2 brings together indicators on the levels and distribution of the broad categories and more-specific causes of deaths. The three broad categories shown are communicable 1 and noncommunicable conditions, and deaths caused by injury. The years of life lost (YLL) is a measure of premature mortality that takes into account the frequency of premature death and the ages at which deaths occur. Estimates are also provided of the number of deaths among children under 5 years old, and the percentage distributions of the major causes of such deaths. These causes include: HIV/AIDS; diarrhoea; other major communicable diseases such as measles, malaria and acute respiratory infections; conditions arising in the perinatal period such as prematurity, intrapartum-related complications, neonatal sepsis and congenital anomalies; injuries; and other causes. Table 2 also includes point estimates for key MDG-related indicators, including maternal mortality, and mortality and morbidity caused by HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. The cause-specific indicators presented in Table 2 have been derived from a range of sources of mortality, incidence and prevalence data. These include death-registration records, health-facility reports, household surveys, censuses, and special studies on deaths due to HIV/AIDS and to conflict. Estimating cause-specific mortality is particularly difficult in developing countries where systems for counting deaths and accurately recording their causes are weak or non-existent. Due to resulting limitations in data availability, quality and timeliness, many of the indicators shown are associated with significant uncertainty, the margins of which are available on the Global Health Observatory web site (http://www.who.int/gho).

Columns labelled “Communicable diseases” show estimates pertaining to a group of conditions that includes communicable (infectious or contagious) diseases, maternal causes, conditions arising during the perinatal period and nutritional deficiencies. While the latter three conditions are not communicable, the term is used for practical purpose to refer to the entire group of conditions encompassing the primary mortality risks for countries still undergoing epidemiological transition.

2. Cause-specific mortality and morbidity Member State Age-standardized mortality rates by cause a (per 100 000 population) Communicable Noncommunicable Years of life lost a (per 100 000 population) MDG 4 Number of deaths among children aged < 5 years b (000s) Injuries Mortality Distribution of causes of death among children aged < 5 years b,c (%)

Communicable

Non communicable

All causes

Injuries

HIV/AIDS 2000 2013 100 1 25 0 153 <1 9 1 1 <1 6 <1 <1 129 <1 1 1 <1 31 1 10 <1 2 41 <1 1 64 35 <1 14 75 2 21 82 2 236 15 2 8 0 1 72 <1 1 <1 <1 10 320 <1

Diarrhoea

Measles

Malaria

2012 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark 363 46 98 … 873 … 69 45 14 13 71 122 48 235 61 28 28 105 577 187 226 20 555 93 56 33 648 705 142 227 769 23 1 212 1 071 36 41 55 495 667 … 31 861 12 33 16 27 117 921 29 846 672 710 … 768 … 467 848 303 360 664 465 506 549 404 683 357 471 761 573 635 513 612 514 475 638 784 729 482 394 675 318 551 713 367 576 377 695 632 … 392 794 496 422 333 461 751 724 406 169 48 54 … 138 … 51 49 28 31 34 46 34 64 28 91 39 82 98 142 100 42 88 80 45 36 119 147 54 62 106 31 108 114 41 50 73 132 89 … 46 124 40 45 27 39 92 137 23 53 252 21 581 19 635 … 102 199 … 18 693 28 511 11 934 16 311 20 621 17 998 7 589 22 389 16 633 31 213 17 423 14 837 53 328 28 592 30 515 20 122 39 743 20 190 10 800 30 280 62 658 74 914 15 736 26 837 66 447 13 838 86 460 94 968 13 209 17 541 14 780 47 196 62 710 … 12 179 78 319 22 859 17 235 10 965 20 032 27 438 94 624 17 859

2012 31 128 1 927 4 810 … 75 280 … 2 917 2 368 591 531 4 926 6 301 1 236 10 015 2 659 1 543 1 165 4 594 35 559 9 826 11 727 777 26 187 3 345 1 273 1 553 42 924 51 897 5 127 12 889 45 696 935 69 308 75 598 1 317 1 858 3 308 29 959 45 395 … 1 274 54 054 575 1 182 489 1 068 4 657 70 873 1 114 12 324 17 284 12 406 … 17 031 … 13 363 23 695 10 017 14 341 13 802 9 780 5 024 9 632 12 630 24 934 14 445 7 186 12 712 11 790 13 300 17 315 9 111 12 542 7 905 26 901 13 422 14 209 8 695 10 043 14 488 11 421 10 575 12 700 9 887 13 475 7 622 11 603 11 739 … 8 695 16 884 20 431 14 141 9 158 17 096 18 529 14 227 15 722 9 801 2 370 2 418 … 9 887 … 2 413 2 447 1 326 1 439 1 893 1 917 1 329 2 742 1 345 4 737 1 814 3 056 5 057 6 977 5 488 2 030 4 444 4 303 1 622 1 826 6 312 8 809 1 914 3 906 6 263 1 482 6 577 6 670 2 006 2 208 3 851 5 634 5 576 … 2 211 7 382 1 853 1 911 1 318 1 868 4 252 9 524 1 023

2000 2013 2000 2013 2000 2013 2000 2013 <1 0 <1 … 1 … <1 <1 0 0 <1 1 0 0 5 <1 <1 2 1 <1 1 0 47 <1 0 0 2 4 6 1 4 0 6 3 <1 <1 <1 0 6 … <1 6 0 0 0 0 <1 1 0 <1 0 <1 … 1 … <1 <1 0 <1 <1 0 0 <1 0 <1 0 <1 1 <1 <1 0 6 <1 0 0 1 1 3 <1 3 0 3 2 <1 <1 <1 1 6 … <1 2 0 <1 0 0 <1 1 0 18 2 8 … 19 … 2 3 <1 <1 14 1 <1 13 0 2 1 5 12 14 16 1 5 7 1 2 13 16 11 17 14 <1 11 14 1 7 6 12 10 … 3 10 <1 2 <1 <1 13 13 1 13 1 5 … 15 … 1 1 <1 <1 7 0 <1 6 0 1 <1 3 9 7 8 <1 6 2 1 1 10 12 6 8 11 <1 9 12 <1 4 2 9 5 … 1 10 0 1 <1 1 5 11 1 8 <1 5 … 1 … 0 <1 0 0 <1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 7 2 0 1 8 0 0 0 5 5 2 2 5 0 10 5 0 1 0 0 5 … 0 4 0 0 0 0 <1 11 0 4 <1 1 … <1 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 <1 2 1 <1 2 <1 0 0 0 0 <1 0 0 0 … 0 <1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 <1 0 0 … 15 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <1 0 0 0 0 26 <1 <1 0 1 <1 0 0 29 8 <1 2 19 0 23 23 0 0 <1 15 23 … 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 <1 0 0 … 13 … 0 0 <1 0 0 0 0 <1 0 0 0 0 21 <1 0 0 <1 <1 0 0 23 5 <1 1 12 0 26 19 0 0 <1 15 22 … 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 15 0

137 2 23 0 143 <1 14 1 2 <1 10 <1 <1 313 <1 1 1 <1 43 1 20 1 4 124 <1 1 96 42 <1 32 97 2 26 74 3 629 23 2 14 <1 1 87 <1 1 <1 <1 24 363 <1

2015 Member State Distribution of causes of death among children aged < 5 years b,c (%) Acute respiratory infections 2000 20 16 15 … 18 … 7 19 3 2 20 23 2 18 0 13 2 14 13 21 18 8 7 12 5 21 14 19 18 21 15 2 12 14 10 28 12 17 12 … 7 12 6 6 5 4 19 14 3 2013 20 10 13 … 17 … 9 9 2 2 15 33 5 14 11 6 3 5 15 16 16 6 13 7 4 16 15 19 15 17 17 2 15 17 6 14 9 15 11 … 2 15 2 11 3 5 17 16 1 Intrapartumrelated complications 2000 8 6 11 … 7 … 6 7 10 6 9 11 6 13 19 6 8 9 7 13 13 10 7 9 8 9 6 8 9 10 8 8 8 7 5 18 9 10 9 … 7 10 7 11 9 12 10 7 9 2013 11 7 13 … 9 … 5 8 12 10 11 8 19 14 15 7 8 10 10 12 14 10 13 11 8 11 9 12 8 13 11 10 11 8 4 15 9 12 11 … 9 13 7 11 8 11 11 10 6 Congenital anomalies 2000 2 21 10 … 3 … 24 18 28 38 6 17 41 4 8 29 29 16 2 5 7 27 3 14 30 28 2 2 13 3 3 30 2 2 34 6 15 3 3 … 32 3 30 27 30 20 6 2 32 2013 4 28 18 … 5 … 28 27 28 38 13 11 31 9 25 37 27 12 4 10 13 29 10 21 27 28 4 4 18 10 5 27 2 3 37 13 23 5 8 … 42 4 27 21 37 25 13 3 19

Prematurity 2000 11 20 23 … 9 … 27 23 17 22 18 19 19 13 38 20 18 24 9 10 12 31 10 24 23 14 8 10 17 10 10 26 10 8 24 14 26 16 12 … 24 12 30 16 23 21 20 11 28 2013 12 20 20 … 10 … 26 24 22 21 21 15 16 20 14 20 20 14 12 19 15 31 23 22 25 25 11 12 18 16 11 29 11 11 27 16 23 15 16 … 27 13 16 15 23 24 22 13 43

Neonatal sepsis 2000 3 4 6 … 3 … 6 4 2 1 4 6 1 11 1 3 3 3 5 9 6 4 3 8 1 4 3 4 4 5 3 3 3 2 3 3 6 6 4 … 4 6 5 6 3 3 5 3 1 2013 7 4 7 … 5 … 6 5 1 2 5 7 4 11 2 3 2 6 6 8 7 5 8 9 2 2 5 7 5 8 6 3 4 4 3 2 8 8 7 … 2 7 4 6 3 7 6 5 1

Injuries 2000 24 20 16 … 21 … 19 18 29 20 21 11 17 18 25 18 30 13 13 19 19 15 7 22 21 18 15 19 15 22 16 22 13 18 14 10 20 16 12 … 17 12 13 23 22 28 20 16 21 2013 22 21 15 … 19 … 18 18 28 24 19 21 20 18 32 18 29 42 15 18 17 15 14 22 23 13 15 20 24 18 17 22 15 19 15 23 20 15 11 … 14 15 41 28 21 20 18 16 26

Other causes 2000 6 11 6 … 4 … 9 9 11 10 7 11 13 5 5 9 9 14 3 7 7 4 2 4 11 5 3 5 4 6 4 8 3 3 10 12 6 4 3 … 4 3 9 9 8 11 7 3 6 2013 7 9 8 … 5 … 6 8 7 3 8 5 6 7 2 8 10 8 5 10 8 4 6 5 11 4 5 7 3 8 6 5 4 5 8 13 6 5 4 … 3 5 3 7 6 7 8 5 3 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark

Table 2

2. Cause-specific mortality and morbidity (contd.) Member State MDG 5 Maternal mortality ratio d (per 100 000 live births) HIV/AIDS e 1990 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark 1 200 31 160 … 1 400 … 71 47 7 10 60 43 21 550 120 37 10 75 600 900 510 19 360 120 26 24 770 1 300 230 1 200 720 6i 1 200 1 700 55 97 100 630 670 … 38 740 8 63 18 15 85 1 000 9 2000 1 100 28 120 … 1 100 … 63 43 9 5 57 44 27 340 42 32 9 110 490 390 330 11 390 85 24 29 580 1 000 84 540 740 7i 1 200 1 500 29 63 130 480 610 … 44 670 11 63 16 7 120 1 100 9 2013 400 21 89 … 460 … 69 29 6 4 26 37 22 170 52 1 6 45 340 120 200 8 170 69 27 5 400 740 53 170 590 11 i 880 980 22 32 83 350 410 … 38 720 13 80 10 5 87 730 5 2001 <1 <0.5 <3 … 54 … 5.6 <2 <2 … <1 <157 … <0.5 <36 <3 … <34 57 <2 24 … 1 118 … … … 159 84 <17 49 233 <2 393 125 13 … … … 299 … <4 313 … <1 <2 <0.5 … 68 <0.5 2013 <1 <0.5 3.5 … 54 … 3.7 <7 <0.5 … <6 <144 … <0.5 <15 <11 … <35 26 <5 11 … 286 7.9 … … 34 46 <9 14 196 <2 234 114 <4 … … … 121 … <6 138 … <2 <3 <0.5 … 45 <0.5 Mortality MDG 6 Cause-specific mortality rate (per 100 000 population) Malaria f 2012 0.1 … 0.0 … 101 … 0.0 … … … 0.0 … … 0.9 … … … 0.0 80 0.0 < 0.1 … 0.1 < 0.1 … … 103 32 0.0 1.8 55 … 115 137 … < 0.1 0.2 68 104 … 0.0 71 … … … … 0.0 105 … Tuberculosis g (among HIV-negative people) 2000 68 0.8 13 2.9 45 1.8 2.3 6.3 0.2 0.9 22 2.2 2.5 74 0.8 8.1 0.8 3.9 19 90 5.5 6.0 57 4.4 4.9 4.2 17 73 45 166 72 0.3 191 36 1.9 8.7 3.2 7.3 30 0.3 1.8 74 4.2 0.4 0.0 1.2 123 79 0.4 2013 42 0.6 13 0.3 32 1.4 1.4 5.7 0.2 0.3 3.9 0.5 0.7 51 0.7 9.1 0.2 5.9 12 12 4.0 4.9 22 2.2 3.0 2.1 8.9 22 30 66 35 0.2 49 22 1.2 3.0 1.6 7.8 44 2.0 0.7 20 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 27 68 0.4

Morbidity MDG 6 Incidence rate (per 100 000 population per year) HIV/AIDS e 2001 … … 5.3 … 122 … 12 <10 … … <8 … … … <44 14 … <125 92 … 22 … 1 509 … … … 71 210 … 48 449 … 476 306 11 … 22 … 277 … … 378 … … … … … 102 … 2013 <2 <4 6.9 … 132 … 12 <17 5.1 … 12 <110 … 0.8 <23 29 … <52 44 <10 <10 … 451 22 … … 37 21 <16 8.5 211 8.9 167 95 12 … 18 … 87 … <8 92 … 13 <5 <3 … 50 <5 Malaria f 2012 1 274 … 0.2 … 18 251 … < 0.1 … … … < 0.1 … … 394 … … … 12 28 854 20 105 … 30 156 … … 34 022 8 528 22 1 076 17 051 … 35 357 26 510 … 0.5 203 22 300 34 586 … 0.2 20 666 … … … … 105 25 873 … Tuberculosis h 2000 190 23 83 21 250 5.9 40 61 6.0 16 681 26 36 225 2.2 83 14 60 86 402 184 94 914 61 106 58 70 290 160 575 309 6.6 1073 151 23 109 43 39 356 6.5 20 367 43 13 4.0 16 383 327 11 2013 189 18 81 7.3 320 13 24 49 6.2 8.4 85 9.8 18 224 1.4 70 9.1 37 70 169 123 46 414 46 58 29 54 128 143 400 235 5.0 359 151 16 70 32 34 382 11 11 170 13 9.3 5.8 5.5 429 326 7.0 2001 8.1 <3 38 … 851 … … 49 88 … 27 2 026 … 1.9 467 62 … 1 055 848 <28 308 … 16 296 … … … 1 468 1 472 253 868 3 064 … 5 060 2 017 203 … 342 … 3 008 … 141 3 866 … 19 <22 <9 … 852 61 Prevalence (per 100 000 population) HIV/AIDS d 2013 15 <21 64 … 1 176 … … 123 121 … 98 2 034 … 6.1 587 269 … 981 716 <86 145 … 15 817 362 … … 666 813 307 497 2 713 … 2 574 1 601 215 … 282 … 1 548 … 157 1 829 … 138 <35 31 … 656 104 Tuberculosis h 2000 430 30 129 31 395 9.2 55 89 7.6 21 1623 27 56 482 2.2 121 17 73 142 716 280 143 696 77 168 83 116 508 308 1619 467 8.1 1244 247 30 170 65 64 353 7.4 23 517 55 18 4.8 21 479 578 15 2013 340 27 126 8.2 423 20 31 66 7.6 11 105 9.9 26 402 2.8 102 11 39 105 196 196 69 348 57 65 37 80 193 238 715 299 6.2 422 200 19 94 43 62 462 18 15 215 18 13 6.6 7.1 536 549 8.5

2015 Member State

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark

Table 2

Communicable

Non communicable

All causes

Injuries

HIV/AIDS 2000 2013 2 <1 6 7 42 2 2 11 <1 196 <1 <1 3 3 6 1 3 62 <1 <1 15 42 7 1 19 5 1 <1 1 340 136 25 35 <1 1 2 1 3 4 5 106 <1 1 4 13 <1 1 6 10 2

Diarrhoea

Measles

Malaria

2012 Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya 626 … 77 97 74 96 757 506 19 559 105 9 21 589 590 39 22 476 24 … 213 680 870 177 405 118 18 14 253 162 56 87 22 31 15 97 34 53 55 657 … 82 66 329 26 30 1 110 609 53 631 … 396 410 782 475 729 672 511 476 804 367 313 505 630 615 365 670 365 … 409 681 765 1 024 725 441 602 312 682 680 569 715 344 311 304 519 244 640 950 515 … 406 835 680 624 385 672 657 550 106 … 66 84 33 158 134 119 47 94 64 39 35 77 96 32 23 76 27 … 111 96 112 150 89 81 44 29 116 49 75 128 32 21 20 51 40 53 102 101 … 25 65 75 55 41 142 83 63 49 454 … 16 888 17 885 20 949 22 986 71 724 36 628 24 216 42 966 24 231 17 271 15 435 44 352 53 070 25 556 18 285 45 576 17 792 … 24 271 64 439 75 954 32 349 43 976 18 716 27 112 10 958 32 584 22 051 17 220 23 080 12 068 10 156 15 248 20 191 15 821 14 574 30 421 51 435 … 7 067 24 489 35 081 30 076 10 507 76 738 47 041 13 193

2012 32 528 … 5 127 4 586 4 268 4 079 48 783 22 640 1 810 29 697 4 602 413 936 30 028 35 805 2 419 926 28 629 1 027 … 10 458 45 952 56 025 8 533 25 017 6 564 795 462 13 613 7 905 3 118 7 823 728 1 024 712 5 142 1 604 3 691 3 834 37 031 … 1 468 5 767 21 052 2 076 1 196 57 102 32 485 2 305 12 131 … 8 525 9 122 15 168 10 914 15 054 9 469 20 218 8 571 16 839 15 028 12 899 10 127 11 970 21 490 16 246 12 863 15 467 … 7 885 12 912 13 835 17 196 13 728 8 031 24 235 9 207 14 186 12 030 10 302 9 610 9 828 8 286 13 583 12 320 12 212 8 584 21 333 9 133 … 4 400 15 300 10 183 25 436 7 934 11 697 10 525 8 377 4 795 … 3 236 4 176 1 513 7 994 7 887 4 519 2 189 4 697 2 791 1 830 1 600 4 197 5 295 1 647 1 113 4 084 1 298 … 5 929 5 574 6 094 6 621 5 232 4 121 2 081 1 289 2 116 3 799 5 647 1 512 846 953 2 729 2 005 2 299 5 254 5 271 … 1 199 3 421 3 846 2 564 1 377 7 939 4 030 2 511

2000 2013 2000 2013 2000 2013 2000 2013 2 … 4 1 <1 2 3 2 0 4 <1 0 <1 7 1 <1 <1 3 0 … 2 1 2 3 4 4 0 0 <1 <1 <1 0 0 0 <1 9 0 0 <1 13 … 0 <1 <1 0 <1 34 1 0 3 … 1 <1 <1 2 7 1 0 2 <1 0 <1 2 1 <1 <1 1 0 … 1 2 4 1 1 1 0 0 <1 1 <1 0 0 0 <1 1 <1 0 <1 4 … 0 <1 <1 0 1 20 1 0 14 … 8 9 9 9 11 12 2 16 6 1 2 8 11 3 <1 8 0 … 12 11 12 14 17 9 <1 0 15 10 8 9 0 1 <1 3 1 7 10 13 … <1 10 16 0 4 8 11 4 9 … 5 4 5 5 8 10 1 9 4 0 1 6 7 1 <1 8 0 … 7 8 10 5 12 6 <1 0 10 6 3 6 <1 <1 <1 2 2 4 4 10 … <1 5 11 <1 2 8 8 2 9 … 0 0 3 0 5 24 0 5 2 0 0 3 4 <1 <1 11 0 … 0 15 8 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 <1 1 1 0 0 0 <1 <1 0 1 … 0 0 6 0 <1 1 17 0 2 … 0 0 <1 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 <1 <1 0 0 1 0 … 0 1 <1 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 <1 <1 0 0 0 0 0 <1 0 <1 … 0 0 0 0 0 <1 0 0 1 … <1 <1 0 0 24 <1 0 5 0 0 <1 19 23 0 0 21 0 … <1 25 23 4 1 <1 0 0 <1 <1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 … 0 0 2 0 0 0 23 0 2 … <1 0 0 0 15 <1 0 3 0 0 0 19 20 0 0 20 0 … 0 28 18 8 1 <1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 … 0 0 1 0 0 0 22 0

2 <1 9 11 76 5 3 15 <1 412 <1 <1 4 3 6 2 4 64 1 <1 20 67 9 1 28 7 1 <1 227 44 37 <1 1 3 1 5 4 9 128 <1 1 5 19 <1 1 7 23 3

4 785 2 414

2015 Member State Distribution of causes of death among children aged < 5 years b,c (%) Acute respiratory infections 2000 17 … 14 16 15 19 13 17 7 19 14 2 2 12 12 15 2 11 3 … 21 12 13 10 21 15 7 0 18 17 15 16 3 2 2 9 7 14 17 17 … 6 18 20 5 12 12 12 12 2013 15 … 13 12 11 13 15 20 7 18 13 5 2 12 13 7 2 13 2 … 17 13 14 5 20 12 5 0 13 16 13 15 2 1 1 8 6 10 13 18 … 8 14 19 2 7 12 14 8 Intrapartumrelated complications 2000 12 … 11 7 12 7 9 9 4 10 8 8 12 9 11 8 5 11 6 … 13 8 8 12 10 9 5 10 13 12 12 15 3 4 9 10 5 10 10 10 … 5 12 11 16 9 11 7 11 2013 13 … 12 7 13 7 11 12 10 15 7 6 11 12 13 9 7 12 6 … 14 12 13 12 11 9 6 0 11 11 11 14 8 4 9 9 4 10 13 14 … 3 14 14 32 10 15 13 9 Congenital anomalies 2000 4 … 12 15 13 16 2 3 28 2 18 40 28 5 4 15 33 4 36 … 7 2 3 10 4 12 24 19 6 6 13 10 45 26 34 17 40 17 11 3 … 44 10 3 34 21 3 2 20 2013 8 … 17 21 21 22 4 8 25 5 19 29 26 9 7 26 32 6 46 … 12 3 4 9 7 17 30 13 7 11 20 13 43 35 24 23 39 23 21 6 … 39 19 6 30 23 5 5 27

Prematurity 2000 14 … 26 20 27 16 12 8 16 10 18 21 17 18 11 27 29 11 38 … 12 8 11 20 12 21 43 30 17 16 22 18 25 29 32 25 10 27 22 10 … 22 20 10 17 24 12 9 22 2013 18 … 24 20 28 18 15 10 8 12 19 18 16 16 13 28 29 14 31 … 13 10 11 19 14 24 37 33 27 19 23 21 23 26 28 25 9 28 19 13 … 32 18 12 10 30 15 11 23

Neonatal sepsis 2000 4 … 6 4 2 4 4 5 9 4 5 2 3 5 6 6 2 6 2 … 8 4 4 6 4 5 <1 0 8 6 7 9 1 3 2 7 2 4 4 5 … 2 6 5 2 5 6 3 4 2013 7 … 8 4 3 4 6 7 11 8 5 3 3 7 8 7 2 7 0 … 9 6 7 6 6 7 3 0 8 6 7 9 1 2 4 7 2 6 6 6 … 1 7 7 7 4 8 7 5

Injuries 2000 17 … 13 18 16 20 13 15 10 21 19 19 28 11 13 19 22 10 9 … 18 13 15 16 21 22 14 32 16 17 16 14 20 30 17 14 23 12 18 16 … 13 17 21 15 16 11 12 18 2013 16 … 13 22 16 22 14 20 20 18 20 32 33 12 13 16 22 13 11 … 17 13 15 28 20 20 16 52 15 16 15 14 19 25 30 18 24 12 16 18 … 11 14 21 13 17 13 14 18

Other causes 2000 5 … 6 10 3 8 3 5 24 5 10 7 9 3 4 8 7 3 6 … 7 3 3 5 6 3 7 8 4 6 7 6 3 7 4 6 13 9 8 5 … 7 7 5 12 9 3 3 9 2013 6 … 8 10 4 8 4 9 19 7 12 7 6 5 5 5 6 5 4 … 9 4 4 6 8 3 4 3 4 7 7 7 4 6 4 7 14 8 9 7 … 6 9 8 5 6 4 5 8 Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya

Table 2

2. Cause-specific mortality and morbidity (contd.) Member State MDG 5 Maternal mortality ratio d (per 100 000 live births) HIV/AIDS e 1990 Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya 400 … 240 160 120 110 1 600 1 700 48 1 400 89 6 12 380 710 50 13 760 6 34 270 1 100 930 210 670 290 23 7 560 430 83 110 6 12 10 98 14 86 91 490 250 12 85 1 100 57 64 720 1 200 31 2000 360 … 120 120 75 80 790 670 26 990 72 7 10 330 580 60 7 570 5 29 160 950 840 240 510 150 10 6 370 310 44 71 6 9 4 88 10 65 71 570 200 8 100 600 42 37 680 1 100 21 2013 230 … 100 87 45 69 290 380 11 420 59 4 9 240 430 41 7 380 5 23 140 650 560 250 380 120 14 4 190 190 23 67 9 2 4 80 6 50 26 400 130 14 75 220 13 16 490 640 15 2001 <71 … 56 15 <0.5 18 … 54 … 161 <2 … 3.0 173 <24 <1 <1 100 … … 13 44 125 <20 177 56 <0.5 … 13 0.6 <1 … … … … 100 … … … 528 … … <1 <3 … … 819 120 … 2013 <76 … 16 10 <0.5 <10 … <15 … 48 <2 … 2.3 124 <24 <3 … 39 … … 17 46 134 <25 62 19 <1 … 10 12 5.7 … … … … 46 … … … 132 … … <6 <2 … … 778 62 … Mortality MDG 6 Cause-specific mortality rate (per 100 000 population) Malaria f 2012 7 … < 0.1 0.0 … 0.0 69 3.1 … 16 … … … 67 84 0.0 … 67 … … 0.0 105 96 15 3.9 < 0.1 … … 2.3 3.8 0.0 0.0 … … … … … … … 28 … … 0.0 4.5 … … … 69 … Tuberculosis g (among HIV-negative people) 2000 52 3.4 8.7 14 1.7 2.8 8.7 14 8.1 102 3.7 1.6 1.1 143 24 7.7 0.6 30 0.8 0.0 5.1 63 62 13 67 5.0 3.5 0.4 39 71 3.8 3.8 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.7 2.2 0.8 33 18 15 0.8 25 121 13 0.8 71 55 4.9 2013 100 3.7 5.7 2.0 0.7 1.0 8.8 20 2.5 32 4.2 0.3 0.5 55 20 7.0 0.4 4.4 0.7 1.1 1.6 27 71 16 26 2.9 0.8 0.3 19 25 3.2 2.3 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.5 9.5 20 29 1.0 11 53 2.1 0.9 46 49 8.7

Morbidity MDG 6 Incidence rate (per 100 000 population per year) HIV/AIDS e 2001 241 … 64 … <1 32 … 50 … 182 … … … 442 110 <7 … 145 … … 34 … 324 <76 164 39 … … 25 13 8.3 … … … … 113 … … … 441 … … <4 … … … 1 684 171 … 2013 <13 … <9 16 1.3 20 … <7 … 23 <8 … 11 103 <37 <15 … 30 … … 23 90 186 <69 65 <12 … … 11 32 10 … … … … 51 … … … 229 … … <16 <5 … … 1 268 42 … Malaria f 2012 2 443 … 13 4.1 … 0.3 24 447 1 289 … 4 579 … … … 25 114 29 030 < 0.1 … 27 201 … … 58 38 424 28 253 7 921 1 278 164 … … 1 536 2 268 1.2 0.0 … … … … … … … 8 106 … … 0.0 1 655 … … … 28 637 … Tuberculosis h 2000 619 5.2 100 107 26 28 100 157 63 421 53 12 12 515 185 254 12 152 7.7 4.4 68 228 305 103 270 114 37 4.6 216 204 26 50 12 10 8.6 6.5 36 8.1 362 286 372 31 244 330 122 17 992 240 40 2013 619 4.8 60 56 16 39 144 92 22 224 57 5.7 8.8 423 173 116 5.8 66 5.0 4.1 60 177 387 109 206 54 18 3.6 171 183 21 45 8.5 5.8 5.7 6.5 18 5.8 139 268 497 24 141 197 50 16 916 308 40 2001 1 333 … 817 227 2.8 298 … 728 302 2 095 <28 … … 3 068 514 27 56 1 339 … … 233 742 2 111 440 1 860 675 … … 222 38 31 … … … 171 1 312 … … … 5 038 … … <15 57 … … 14 005 1 696 … Prevalence (per 100 000 population) HIV/AIDS d 2013 706 … 438 238 9.1 336 … 278 670 843 <61 … … 2 434 699 146 … 867 … … 341 1 071 2 429 963 1 346 303 … … 166 257 91 … … … 200 1 089 … … … 3 606 … … 145 86 … … 17 564 708 … Tuberculosis h 2000 761 5.8 119 172 39 33 120 179 82 429 103 16 16 960 143 484 15 226 9.5 8.7 128 420 450 156 383 150 48 5.9 438 452 39 64 15 14 11 7.9 46 10 658 254 472 38 414 961 181 19 757 373 57 2013 906 7.2 74 82 27 48 153 153 27 211 100 6.8 11 578 127 163 7.5 71 6.5 7.5 110 244 515 129 254 74 29 3.8 211 272 32 75 11 7.1 6.7 9.0 23 8.1 190 283 748 29 190 488 58 19 613 446 70

2015 Member State

Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya

Table 2

Communicable

Non communicable

All causes

Injuries

HIV/AIDS 2000 2013 <1 <1 43 41 5 <1 82 <1 <1 12 <1 33 <1 0 2 <1 24 83 46 3 0 23 1 <1 3 86 804 0 <1 1 394 0 1 13 3 10 71 2 <1 <1 2 1 3 17 22 <1 <1 <1 <1

Diarrhoea

Measles

Malaria

2012 Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa 27 21 430 778 117 59 588 24 … 619 62 58 … … 83 19 132 998 316 357 … 252 26 18 75 740 866 … 25 84 296 … 86 554 77 121 227 23 40 28 34 45 39 74 402 … … … … 580 317 649 655 563 487 866 364 … 555 577 468 … … 966 572 708 594 709 580 … 678 355 314 547 649 674 … 336 478 669 … 373 693 486 364 720 494 343 407 302 788 612 790 585 … … … … 76 31 89 98 63 35 120 19 … 83 44 63 … … 69 41 47 175 102 76 … 89 22 33 64 98 146 … 26 53 99 … 67 100 68 48 54 49 25 41 53 76 41 103 106 … … … … 27 354 12 889 39 785 54 730 15 325 11 070 76 206 14 285 … 45 160 21 106 16 308 … … 26 275 21 165 22 466 73 589 32 620 29 801 … 26 981 15 078 12 635 18 896 70 633 81 624 … 14 003 10 812 37 478 … 16 459 39 380 17 545 14 429 23 711 21 595 16 975 5 736 12 080 31 406 26 317 37 717 40 122 … … … …

2012 1 281 750 24 877 41 453 3 134 2 173 55 170 767 … 31 786 2 399 2 578 … … 5 357 883 6 737 53 997 13 566 18 018 … 11 880 941 742 4 947 54 270 59 843 … 894 2 583 20 789 … 3 975 22 709 4 427 4 193 8 000 940 1 632 635 944 3 150 1 841 3 877 24 964 … … … … 22 141 10 773 10 233 9 228 9 740 7 691 14 432 12 632 … 9 373 16 472 10 391 … … 17 033 18 336 13 331 11 531 14 286 8 027 … 11 404 13 172 10 295 10 740 10 726 13 237 … 11 991 5 787 11 796 … 8 760 12 277 9 696 8 048 13 013 18 222 14 128 3 410 8 755 24 614 22 427 28 356 9 517 … … … … 3 932 1 367 4 675 4 049 2 450 1 205 6 603 886 … 4 001 2 235 3 339 … … 3 885 1 946 2 399 8 061 4 767 3 755 … 3 697 966 1 597 3 209 5 637 … 1 117 2 443 4 893 … 3 724 4 394 3 421 2 189 2 698 2 433 1 215 1 690 2 381 3 642 2 049 5 483 5 642 … … … …

2000 2013 2000 2013 2000 2013 2000 2013 0 0 1 13 1 <1 1 0 … 1 0 <1 … … 0 0 <1 5 <1 28 … <1 0 0 <1 <1 2 … 0 <1 0 … 1 1 <1 1 <1 0 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 2 3 … … … … 0 0 1 12 1 <1 1 0 … <1 <1 <1 … … <1 0 <1 7 <1 7 … <1 0 0 1 <1 3 … 0 <1 <1 … <1 1 1 1 <1 <1 0 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 2 … … … … <1 0 15 13 3 6 14 0 … 13 2 7 … … 14 1 10 12 12 9 … 10 0 <1 14 16 11 … <1 2 15 … 6 10 9 8 11 <1 <1 1 1 2 2 2 19 … … … … 1 0 9 7 2 1 11 0 … 10 1 3 … … 8 0 5 8 7 7 … 7 <1 2 7 12 10 … 1 1 11 … 10 9 5 4 7 <1 <1 <1 1 1 1 1 9 … … … … 0 0 7 <1 0 <1 3 0 … 5 0 0 … … 1 0 <1 4 3 1 … 14 0 0 0 5 15 … 0 0 1 … 0 5 0 0 <1 0 0 <1 <1 0 0 0 1 … … … … 0 0 0 1 0 <1 2 0 … 1 0 0 … … <1 0 0 0 3 4 … 0 0 0 0 1 1 … 0 0 1 … 0 0 0 0 <1 0 0 1 <1 0 0 0 1 … … … … 0 0 5 20 <1 0 25 0 … 9 0 0 … … 0 0 0 24 2 3 … <1 0 0 <1 27 24 … 0 0 <1 … 0 16 0 <1 <1 0 <1 0 0 0 0 0 6 … … … … 0 0 8 14 <1 0 14 0 … 10 0 0 … … 0 0 0 18 2 <1 … <1 0 0 <1 19 21 … 0 0 <1 … 0 11 0 <1 <1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 … … … …

<1 <1 73 81 6 <1 102 <1 <1 11 <1 65 <1 0 3 <1 32 124 81 4 <1 63 1 <1 6 122 0 <1 1 520 <1 2 15 5 25 90 3 1 <1 3 2 8 34 79 <1 <1 <1 <1

8 544 1 035

2015 Member State Distribution of causes of death among children aged < 5 years b,c (%) Acute respiratory infections 2000 9 0 19 14 9 16 14 2 … 17 4 16 … … 21 3 17 13 18 13 … 15 2 6 18 15 12 … 3 10 19 … 11 15 16 16 20 5 4 5 5 29 30 13 21 … … … … 2013 3 2 18 13 7 7 16 0 … 16 10 11 … … 16 5 13 14 15 14 … 15 2 5 15 18 15 … 2 6 17 … 14 17 12 11 17 4 3 4 3 18 27 8 18 … … … … Intrapartumrelated complications 2000 9 21 9 7 9 8 6 7 … 9 10 7 … … 9 30 14 9 11 10 … 15 12 6 9 6 8 … 10 11 14 … 6 12 8 8 11 9 6 10 6 9 6 7 10 … … … … 2013 9 5 13 11 9 9 10 5 … 11 5 6 … … 12 41 14 11 12 12 … 14 11 8 9 8 10 … 9 11 13 … 5 13 8 8 12 6 7 9 6 4 5 7 13 … … … … Congenital anomalies 2000 38 12 2 2 27 15 2 21 … 3 22 19 … … 8 15 9 2 4 4 … 4 36 29 11 2 2 … 37 27 4 … 27 4 14 13 9 36 34 24 24 23 20 23 3 … … … … 2013 34 16 6 5 26 30 4 44 … 6 29 25 … … 16 8 14 4 7 8 … 9 33 22 19 3 3 … 35 28 5 … 24 6 20 22 13 37 29 28 23 36 24 30 8 … … … …

Prematurity 2000 15 20 11 8 23 23 10 37 … 17 40 17 … … 16 28 19 9 18 12 … 12 21 22 20 6 8 … 12 23 13 … 16 13 24 18 17 25 17 28 23 4 21 23 7 … … … … 2013 15 18 13 12 24 25 13 27 … 17 27 18 … … 16 30 23 12 21 19 … 19 19 24 21 10 12 … 19 28 19 … 16 13 24 20 17 35 21 29 33 12 25 22 12 … … … …

Neonatal sepsis 2000 2 2 5 4 3 5 3 3 … 5 4 5 … … 4 1 8 5 6 5 … 10 3 1 3 2 3 … 1 4 9 … 5 5 6 4 7 6 3 4 4 6 1 5 5 … … … … 2013 11 5 7 6 3 4 6 2 … 8 7 6 … … 5 2 9 7 6 7 … 10 5 2 4 4 5 … 1 3 10 … 7 7 7 4 7 3 4 3 2 4 1 4 7 … … … …

Injuries 2000 12 30 19 15 19 23 17 26 … 17 12 19 … … 20 20 18 14 18 12 … 16 20 23 22 18 13 … 29 16 20 … 24 15 20 28 18 12 26 17 20 13 12 15 21 … … … … 2013 15 38 18 13 22 19 18 21 … 16 13 23 … … 18 13 15 14 18 15 … 18 25 18 20 19 16 … 32 15 18 … 18 17 18 23 18 11 27 18 22 12 10 19 18 … … … …

Other causes 2000 16 15 5 3 7 4 3 5 … 4 7 9 … … 8 2 6 3 7 4 … 4 6 13 3 3 3 … 6 7 5 … 4 5 4 4 7 6 10 10 16 15 8 9 5 … … … … 2013 12 17 7 5 7 4 5 1 … 5 7 7 … … 9 1 7 5 8 6 … 7 5 17 3 6 5 … 2 6 7 … 6 7 5 7 9 4 8 9 10 13 7 9 8 … … … … Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa

Table 2

2. Cause-specific mortality and morbidity (contd.) Member State MDG 5 Maternal mortality ratio d (per 100 000 live births) HIV/AIDS e 1990 Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa 34 6 740 1 100 56 430 1 100 12 … 630 70 88 170 … 100 8 310 1 300 580 320 … 790 11 18 170 1 000 1 200 … 9 48 400 … 98 470 130 250 110 17 15 11 18 61 170 74 1 400 … 60 48 150 2000 20 11 550 750 40 110 860 11 … 480 28 67 130 … 120 10 200 870 360 270 … 430 15 12 140 850 950 … 8 22 280 … 79 340 120 160 120 8 11 9 19 39 53 57 1 000 … 44 75 89 2013 11 11 440 510 29 31 550 9 96 320 73 49 96 … 68 7 120 480 200 130 … 190 6 8 100 630 560 … 4 11 170 … 85 220 110 89 120 3 8 6 27 21 33 24 320 … 34 45 58 2001 … … 27 771 19 <1 66 … … … <24 4.8 … … <0.5 … <2 208 20 557 … 4.8 … … <4 32 127 … … … <0.5 … <24 <18 <5 21 … … … … … <10 <1 … 253 … … … … 2013 … … 24 292 20 <1 36 … … … <69 4.5 … … <0.5 … 4.4 319 20 286 … 12 … … <3 16 121 … … … 1.2 … <13 21 <6 9.3 … … … … … <26 <3 … 39 … … … … Mortality MDG 6 Cause-specific mortality rate (per 100 000 population) Malaria f 2012 … … 27 63 < 0.1 … 88 … … 50 … 0.0 … … … … … 71 5.5 < 0.1 … < 0.1 … … < 0.1 111 107 … … … 1.1 … 0.0 39 0.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 … … … 0.0 … … … 33 … … … … Tuberculosis g (among HIV-negative people) 2000 11 0.2 81 32 6.9 5.4 15 0.3 3.5 57 0.5 3.3 81 0.0 9.1 … 12 92 135 187 6.6 20 0.2 0.3 6.4 59 103 1.2 0.2 1.5 69 21 6.6 62 4.3 14 40 2.9 2.9 0.7 8.6 17 9.5 21 7.7 2.4 0.8 3.3 3.0 2013 8.4 0.4 52 9.3 5.8 2.2 10 0.4 39 26 1.2 1.8 21 0.1 4.9 0.2 8.6 69 49 57 6.7 17 0.1 0.1 2.7 17 94 0.5 0.1 0.7 27 1.7 4.8 33 2.9 7.7 27 1.7 1.3 0.1 5.2 14 5.4 12 6.9 2.9 1.2 2.8 3.2

Morbidity MDG 6 Incidence rate (per 100 000 population per year) HIV/AIDS e 2001 … … 39 1 053 … … 114 … … … 102 13 … … … … 6.2 868 50 1 310 … 33 … … <10 67 281 … … … 1.0 … <28 90 … … … … … … … 27 … … 197 … … … … 2013 … … 13 211 27 <0.5 27 … … … <32 7.6 … … <5 … 9.1 448 12 516 … 4.5 … … <12 <4 126 … … … 7.9 … <26 30 29 12 … … … … … 40 <3 … 48 … … … … Malaria f 2012 … … 5 831 27 662 34 … 20 197 … … 17 650 … 0.8 … … … … … 27 774 2 652 23 … 62 … … 38 27 977 28 430 … … … 1 954 … 26 13 953 0.0 190 24 … … … 2.7 … … … 5 673 … … … … Tuberculosis h 2000 102 11 293 463 79 64 77 4.2 81 250 24 29 279 0.0 253 … 118 513 411 1514 46 163 9.8 11 56 191 325 0.0 6.2 15 275 135 60 349 49 185 368 34 51 54 79 148 181 128 98 0.0 6.6 26 23 2013 65 8.7 233 156 99 40 60 11 354 115 21 21 188 2.1 181 21 104 552 373 651 47 156 6.1 7.3 55 102 338 0.0 8.2 11 275 44 48 347 44 124 292 22 26 40 97 159 87 89 69 0.0 5.7 24 18 2001 … … 367 9 482 242 <11 980 … … … 529 107 … … <2 … 33 4 416 451 9 892 … 166 … … 66 523 1 979 … … … 4.0 … 366 393 71 276 … … … … … 207 69 … 2 554 … … … … Prevalence (per 100 000 population) HIV/AIDS d 2013 … … 236 6 246 290 <8 634 … … … 774 143 … … <23 … 93 6 066 361 10 652 … 139 … … 116 227 1 860 … … … 37 … 402 436 232 214 … … … … … 424 75 … 1 659 … … … … Tuberculosis h 2000 146 13 575 341 107 84 124 5.1 103 443 42 44 561 1.6 427 … 152 642 831 1578 69 232 12 15 71 381 340 45 7.8 20 492 207 76 556 69 243 775 42 60 72 184 240 275 194 104 7.5 11 51 34 2013 85 12 413 135 131 57 92 14 490 203 32 26 262 2.4 254 25 131 559 473 651 71 211 7.6 9.5 68 159 326 19 11 13 342 53 61 437 59 164 438 27 30 53 143 226 123 114 89 1.8 8.7 40 29

2015 Member State

Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa

Table 2

Communicable

Non communicable

All causes

Injuries

HIV/AIDS 2000 2013 0 <1 9 29 1 <1 34 <1 <1 <1 1 65 47 39 2 4 94 <1 3 <1 <1 8 13 9 <1 2 20 <1 <1 3 25 6 <1 102 5 1 4 95 29 1 26 <1 9 33 38 51 39

Diarrhoea

Measles

Malaria

2012 San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe … … 71 588 20 … 1 327 66 35 15 231 927 612 831 19 75 496 84 884 19 14 41 148 123 17 344 682 … 80 65 44 116 … 697 69 36 29 584 31 46 86 … 58 96 515 764 711 … … 549 558 657 … 964 265 533 369 710 551 711 623 323 501 551 375 702 333 292 573 753 449 637 671 679 … 705 509 555 1 025 … 664 749 547 359 570 413 446 811 … 411 435 627 587 599 … … 41 89 32 … 150 18 39 44 75 188 104 143 18 89 134 71 119 26 25 308 52 73 24 69 93 … 98 39 39 93 … 167 67 32 21 129 44 54 47 … 103 59 84 156 82 … … 10 140 39 510 25 600 … 113 198 9 884 21 026 17 324 24 215 94 542 50 128 70 179 14 511 18 190 46 269 16 418 66 341 15 323 13 079 28 718 29 749 20 794 20 504 34 299 61 629 … 27 577 15 707 17 160 36 555 … 60 022 35 801 5 551 16 092 48 220 17 754 19 426 24 124 … 17 784 17 798 36 832 66 252 57 699

2012 … … 1 841 26 368 895 … 82 802 1 527 1 313 589 9 927 71 921 30 989 50 404 823 2 592 29 142 4 516 48 011 792 609 2 807 14 692 4 570 823 21 132 43 673 … 3 611 2 762 2 361 8 879 … 41 005 3 734 918 1 187 32 565 1 337 1 972 6 840 … 3 209 4 475 21 708 49 853 42 568 … … 6 721 9 505 23 163 … 21 114 7 562 17 777 14 708 11 096 11 605 14 121 12 108 12 838 11 909 10 558 8 530 11 412 13 327 11 297 7 685 11 930 12 846 18 585 9 304 12 507 … 18 921 11 153 12 651 22 123 … 10 918 28 498 3 086 13 889 9 699 14 258 14 879 14 571 … 8 639 10 594 10 259 9 379 9 782 … … 1 577 3 637 1 543 … 9 282 794 1 936 2 027 3 192 11 017 5 017 7 667 851 3 689 6 569 3 373 6 918 1 204 1 173 18 227 3 128 3 379 1 096 3 862 5 449 … 5 045 1 792 2 148 5 552 … 8 098 3 569 1 546 1 016 5 956 2 159 2 575 2 713 … 5 936 2 730 4 865 7 020 5 349

2000 2013 2000 2013 2000 2013 2000 2013 … … 0 <1 <1 … <1 0 0 0 0 <1 36 2 <1 <1 <1 1 34 0 0 0 <1 2 0 0 4 … 3 <1 <1 0 … 7 2 0 <1 10 <1 <1 <1 … <1 <1 <1 14 45 … … 0 1 <1 … 1 0 0 0 0 <1 17 3 <1 <1 1 4 15 <1 <1 0 <1 1 0 0 2 … 1 <1 <1 0 … 7 1 0 <1 6 <1 <1 <1 … <1 1 <1 6 9 … … 3 11 1 … 13 0 1 0 7 14 10 17 <1 5 15 6 10 0 <1 10 16 6 8 15 10 … 1 6 3 15 … 12 3 1 1 12 2 3 15 … 11 14 15 12 6 … … 2 7 0 … 13 1 <1 1 7 13 7 10 <1 2 11 1 9 <1 <1 10 9 3 1 10 9 … 1 2 1 9 … 8 2 1 <1 7 2 1 10 … 5 12 9 9 9 … … <1 5 0 … 12 0 0 0 0 23 1 3 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 <1 <1 0 0 6 … 0 0 <1 0 … 8 <1 0 0 2 <1 0 <1 … 0 8 5 5 <1 … … 0 2 0 … 5 0 0 0 0 11 2 <1 0 0 <1 0 <1 0 0 <1 <1 1 0 0 1 … 0 0 0 0 … 1 <1 0 0 <1 0 0 <1 … 0 2 1 1 2 … … 0 24 0 … 25 0 0 0 17 2 <1 7 0 2 3 7 <1 0 0 0 0 <1 0 13 24 … 0 0 0 0 … 18 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 … <1 <1 1 19 2 … … 0 17 0 … 14 0 0 0 2 2 <1 5 0 0 2 <1 <1 0 0 0 0 <1 0 4 18 … 0 0 0 0 … 13 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 … <1 <1 1 16 1

0 <1 13 52 2 <1 43 <1 1 <1 <1 67 75 50 2 6 114 <1 4 <1 <1 12 18 21 <1 4 23 <1 1 5 58 8 <1 167 8 1 5 177 32 1 36 <1 12 44 66 76 39

2015 Member State Distribution of causes of death among children aged < 5 years b,c (%) Acute respiratory infections 2000 … … 11 13 5 … 13 9 12 0 15 15 12 19 2 11 19 8 13 2 2 14 21 13 8 18 12 … 3 15 17 20 … 14 16 5 4 14 3 9 22 … 8 16 20 13 9 2013 … … 7 13 6 … 17 8 7 2 18 19 16 19 2 6 18 9 15 4 1 9 17 8 6 18 14 … 7 9 9 17 … 15 10 4 4 15 3 13 19 … 10 11 18 15 14 Intrapartumrelated complications 2000 … … 12 8 16 … 5 4 5 8 12 7 6 8 8 8 10 7 10 9 8 11 11 7 11 10 9 … 27 10 10 11 … 7 6 11 6 10 5 7 9 … 9 7 9 8 9 2013 … … 10 13 11 … 9 7 6 4 13 11 9 13 10 9 13 10 12 9 10 11 15 8 7 15 12 … 9 12 9 12 … 11 7 10 7 14 5 5 11 … 9 7 14 12 14 Congenital anomalies 2000 … … 21 3 26 … 2 33 28 39 10 2 4 3 35 26 3 11 3 45 31 20 5 21 17 3 3 … 12 18 14 8 … 2 26 27 24 2 25 26 9 … 15 15 3 2 3 2013 … … 25 8 22 … 4 25 31 12 12 3 6 4 31 30 6 16 6 30 30 17 10 29 15 6 5 … 26 24 23 11 … 5 27 30 27 8 25 27 12 … 22 16 7 4 6

Prematurity 2000 … … 25 13 31 … 8 21 30 29 14 10 11 12 22 21 14 19 9 16 25 22 14 22 36 10 12 … 38 20 24 16 … 9 18 30 34 8 27 22 13 … 24 19 13 7 10 2013 … … 27 15 40 … 10 26 35 48 14 10 14 16 21 24 14 25 14 13 33 24 15 23 51 11 13 … 28 25 25 17 … 12 22 29 39 11 28 18 14 … 25 22 16 11 16

Neonatal sepsis 2000 … … 4 5 5 … 3 2 1 5 7 3 2 3 5 5 6 14 5 5 3 3 7 6 2 5 5 … 3 4 2 5 … 4 4 3 3 5 3 7 4 … 9 3 6 4 5 2013 … … 4 8 2 … 5 1 1 6 7 4 4 6 7 4 8 9 7 4 3 5 8 5 2 8 7 … 4 4 5 6 … 6 3 2 1 8 2 10 4 … 9 6 9 6 8

Injuries 2000 … … 13 14 10 … 15 25 17 12 13 18 14 22 22 17 19 17 12 20 23 14 20 18 14 21 12 … 11 21 24 20 … 15 16 15 23 14 23 19 21 … 17 16 20 14 8 2013 … … 16 12 15 … 17 26 13 24 18 21 18 19 24 21 19 19 16 35 18 14 18 17 17 20 15 … 18 18 21 19 … 16 20 16 19 15 23 21 20 … 9 19 18 15 15

Other causes 2000 … … 9 3 5 … 3 6 5 7 6 4 4 4 6 5 5 8 3 4 9 5 6 5 3 6 3 … 2 6 5 7 … 4 10 9 5 4 11 7 7 … 7 2 6 3 2 2013 … … 9 5 4 … 5 6 6 5 9 5 7 5 4 4 7 6 6 4 4 10 8 5 2 8 5 … 7 5 6 8 … 6 8 8 3 6 12 7 10 … 11 3 8 5 5 San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Table 2

2. Cause-specific mortality and morbidity (contd.) Member State MDG 5 Maternal mortality ratio d (per 100 000 live births) HIV/AIDS e 1990 San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe … 410 41 530 18 … 2 300 8 15 11 320 1 300 150 1 800 7 49 720 84 550 6 8 130 68 42 15 1 200 660 71 89 91 48 66 … 780 49 16 10 910 12 42 66 170 93 140 460 580 520 2000 … 300 24 480 7 … 2 200 19 12 12 210 1 200 150 1 200 5 55 540 120 520 5 7 75 89 40 15 680 580 91 59 65 33 81 … 650 35 11 11 770 13 35 48 120 91 82 370 610 680 2013 … 210 16 320 16 … 1 100 6 7 7 130 850 140 730 4 29 360 130 310 4 6 49 44 26 7 270 450 120 84 46 20 61 … 360 23 8 8 410 28 14 36 86 110 49 270 280 470 2001 … <75 … 21 <2 … 23 … … … … 23 468 79 5.0 <0.5 <4 <39 755 … <3 … <6 97 <0.5 … 147 … <46 <0.5 … … … 414 23 … <1 385 … <4 8.4 … 28 6.2 <2 712 1 273 2013 … <122 … 12 <2 … 52 … … … … 24 370 112 <2 <0.5 8.2 <22 364 … <4 … <11 28 <0.5 … 97 … <51 <2 … … … 168 30 … <1 159 … <14 9.2 … 14 13 <2 186 451 Mortality MDG 6 Cause-specific mortality rate (per 100 000 population) Malaria f 2012 … 43 0.0 58 … … 109 … … … 5.5 28 0.2 55 … 0.0 15 0.2 0.2 … … … 0.0 0.3 … 14 83 … … … 0.0 … … 55 … … … 44 … … 0.0 3.6 0.2 < 0.1 5.5 78 8.7 Tuberculosis g (among HIV-negative people) 2000 0.0 10 3.4 30 … 1.5 90 3.2 1.0 0.9 51 86 55 … 1.0 10 33 1.2 39 0.2 0.5 2.4 20 24 5.1 … 14 3.3 1.9 2.1 3.2 25 76 49 23 0.7 0.7 17 0.3 2.1 17 17 2.7 33 21 35 24 2013 0.0 9.3 3.3 21 1.6 1.5 43 1.7 0.6 1.0 14 74 48 40 0.5 5.9 25 2.2 91 0.1 0.2 2.1 6.9 12 1.5 87 12 2.4 2.2 2.1 0.4 25 29 11 14 0.7 0.5 12 0.2 1.2 7.6 6.3 1.6 19 4.1 25 40

Morbidity MDG 6 Incidence rate (per 100 000 population per year) HIV/AIDS e 2001 … <369 … 45 … … 125 … … … … 40 1 497 … … <1 … <69 1 665 … … … 23 38 … … 339 … 107 <1 … … … 357 67 … … 440 … … … … … 38 … 980 1 124 2013 … <16 … 8.4 <3 … 69 … … … … 32 647 137 7.0 <3 14 <24 871 … <9 … 20 12 <1 … 57 … <54 <5 … … … 371 19 … 11 146 … <23 3.9 … 21 16 <3 373 489 Malaria f 2012 … 12 228 0.4 27 685 … … 18 399 … … … 7 096 6 376 32 29 527 … 0.4 13 443 79 43 … … … 0.2 210 … 8 348 24 086 … … … 0.0 … … 24 487 … … … 17 370 … … 0.0 3 761 287 30 1 803 26 288 8 015 Tuberculosis h 2000 4.3 114 20 155 … 29 305 52 22 22 185 285 585 … 23 66 144 86 802 5.3 10 35 219 169 36 … 72 28 17 25 36 208 357 427 114 12 12 238 6.6 23 99 110 34 197 116 711 725 2013 1.5 91 14 136 18 30 313 47 7.7 7.5 92 285 860 146 13 66 108 39 1382 7.2 6.5 17 100 119 17 498 73 13 21 32 20 72 228 166 96 1.8 13 164 3.3 30 80 62 33 144 48 410 552 2001 … 1 966 … 309 20 … 547 … … … … 354 9 867 1 304 298 <5 66 759 12 745 … 187 … 134 1 050 <5 … 2 405 … 854 <5 … … … 3 986 472 … 80 4 413 … 266 157 … 331 176 24 8 616 14 927 Prevalence (per 100 000 population) HIV/AIDS d 2013 … 1 217 … 274 32 … 938 … … … … 308 11 888 1 355 321 13 130 599 16 332 … 250 … 169 650 <10 … 1 661 … 1 042 31 … … … 4 156 466 … 201 2 843 … 411 120 … 335 271 24 7 638 9 826 Tuberculosis h 2000 8.4 171 26 253 … 39 609 66 27 29 362 578 590 … 28 108 257 165 561 6.5 13 43 461 270 45 … 109 39 19 33 45 399 623 399 164 22 14 221 8.0 29 146 168 44 350 188 531 415 2013 1.9 114 16 202 28 37 432 59 11 9.2 142 548 715 286 16 103 192 50 945 9.0 8.0 24 142 149 25 802 104 22 21 38 23 103 327 154 120 2.7 17 172 4.1 35 120 84 49 209 60 338 409

2015 Member State

San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Table 2

Communicable

Non communicable

All causes

Injuries

HIV/AIDS 2000 2013

Diarrhoea

Measles

Malaria

2012

2000 2013 2000 2013 2000 2013 2000 2013

Ranges of country values Minimum Median Maximum 9 84 1 327 244 570 1 025 18 66 308 5 551 23 033 113 198 413 4 451 82 802 3 086 12 120 28 498 794 3 288 18 227 0 4 2 414 0 3 1 340 0 <1 47 0 <1 20 0 7 19 0 4 15 0 <1 24 0 0 11 0 0 29 0 0 28

WHO region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region 683 63 232 45 214 56 652 437 656 496 654 499 116 62 99 49 91 50 63 153 18 202 29 553 22 738 30 396 17 716 44 628 2 955 11 937 2 191 14 426 2 518 12 045 12 048 13 451 18 126 11 173 12 929 6 480 3 198 4 165 2 421 4 796 2 268 4 092 417 1 137 237 3 154 850 2 978 227 845 137 1 700 395 5 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 3 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 13 8 14 7 14 8 10 4 10 4 10 6 8 0 4 <1 4 1 1 0 2 <1 3 1 18 <1 1 0 <1 <1 15 <1 1 0 1 <1

Income group Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income 502 272 75 34 625 673 558 397 104 99 59 44 49 141 34 806 19 610 18 559 32 289 16 641 3 778 1 474 11 333 13 554 13 004 14 943 5 520 4 611 2 829 2 142 3 100 5 262 1 393 132 2 000 3 453 736 94 4 1 2 1 2 1 2 <1 14 13 8 2 10 10 6 1 6 6 1 <1 2 2 <1 0 13 7 2 1 10 7 3 <1

Global

178

539

28 311

11 315

13 343

3 654

9 887

6 282

2015 Member State Distribution of causes of death among children aged < 5 years b,c (%) Acute respiratory infections 2000 2013 Intrapartumrelated complications 2000 2013 Congenital anomalies 2000 2013

Prematurity 2000 2013

Neonatal sepsis 2000 2013

Injuries 2000 2013

Other causes 2000 2013

0 13 30

0 12 33

4 19 43

0 19 51

2 9 30

0 10 47

0 4 14

0 6 14

2 14 45

2 19 46

7 17 32

9 18 52

1 6 24

0 6 19

Minimum Median Maximum

14 13 18 16 18 25

16 11 17 12 14 14

9 21 15 21 16 14

12 21 18 21 25 16

8 9 12 9 12 16

11 9 12 10 12 13

4 6 7 4 8 4

6 6 8 5 8 4

2 15 5 16 6 7

4 21 7 21 8 13

16 21 19 20 17 12

16 20 18 20 16 21

3 7 5 7 5 11

5 8 7 8 5 11

African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

16 17 21 7

16 15 14 5

10 14 16 24

13 20 17 26

9 11 13 7

12 11 12 7

5 6 4 4

7 7 5 3

3 5 9 26

5 6 14 28

17 16 15 19

17 16 20 21

4 4 9 9

6 5 8 9

Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

Global

Table 2

2. Cause-specific mortality and morbidity (contd.) Member State MDG 5 Maternal mortality ratio d (per 100 000 live births) HIV/AIDS e 1990 2000 2013 2001 2013 Mortality MDG 6 Cause-specific mortality rate (per 100 000 population) Malaria f 2012 Tuberculosis g (among HIV-negative people) 2000 2013

Ranges of country values Minimum Median Maximum 6 98 2 300 4 82 2 200 1 69 1 100 <0.5 21 1 273 <0.5 14 778 0.0 3.6 137 0.0 6.8 191 0.0 4.3 100

WHO region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region 960 110 520 42 340 110 820 81 340 29 300 78 500 68 190 17 170 45 234 14 13 3.9 1.2 2.6 122 8.0 10 6.8 3.2 3.0 63 0.1 2.3 … 4.2 0.2 63 2.9 49 8.1 43 12 42 1.5 23 4.1 23 5.8

Income group Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income 900 500 120 24 740 380 93 18 450 240 57 17 150 26 18 … 67 23 14 … 36 13 1.0 … 69 47 9.5 3.9 36 27 4.6 2.1

Global

380

330

210

Mortality and global health estimates [online database]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www.who.int/gho/mortality_burden_disease/en/). The column in Table 2 labelled “Communicable” shows the rates for communicable diseases, maternal causes, conditions arising during the perinatal period and nutritional deficiencies. Rates are age-standardized to WHO’s world standard population. Ahmad OB, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez AD, Murray CJL, Lozano R, Inoue M. Age standardization of rates: a new WHO standard. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001 (GPE Discussion Paper Series No. 31) (http://www.who.int/ healthinfo/paper31.pdf, accessed 6 April 2015). WHO regional, income-group and global estimates include country figures not shown. Income groups were derived using the 2013 World Bank list of economies. WHO-CHERG estimates for child causes of death 2000–2013. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/ estimates_child_cod_2013/en/). Individual percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990–2013. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, United Nations Population Division and World Bank estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. Income groups were derived using the 2013 World Bank list of economies. The Gap Report. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2014 (http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/ media_asset/UNAIDS_Gap_report_en.pdf, accessed 12 April 2015). WHO regional, income-group and global estimates may include country estimates not available for reporting.

World Malaria Report 2013. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013 (http://www. who.int/malaria/publications/world_malaria_report_2013/en/). Rates are calculated per 100 000 total population. Country-level estimates for the year 2013 were being finalized as World Health Statistics 2015 went to print. While regional and global estimates for 2000–2013 are presented in Part I, this table presents the previous 2012 estimates for countries. These are classified as deaths from tuberculosis (A15–A19, B90) according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008 (http://apps.who.int/ classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en). Global Tuberculosis Report 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/ en/). WHO regional, income-group and global estimates include territories. For uncertainty ranges see the full report. Data are for all forms of tuberculosis including tuberculosis in people with HIV infection. Global Tuberculosis Report 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/). WHO regional, income-group and global estimates include territories. For uncertainty ranges see the full report. Vital registration data were available for analysis only up to 2009. Recent hospital surveillance data for Canada (excluding Quebec) indicate a decline in maternal deaths per 100 000 deliveries from 8.8 in 2007–2009 to 6.1 in 2009–2011. An estimated 98% of deliveries in Canada occur in hospitals.

c. d.

Morbidity MDG 6 Incidence rate (per 100 000 population per year) HIV/AIDS e 2001 2013 Malaria f 2012 Tuberculosis h 2000 2013 2001 Prevalence (per 100 000 population) HIV/AIDS d 2013 Tuberculosis h 2000 2013

2015 Member State

<1 73 1 684

<0.5 18 1 268

0.0 1 655 38 424

0.0 78 1 514

0.0 55 1 382

<2 342 16 296

6.1 336 17 564

1.6 113 1 623

1.8 73 945

Minimum Median Maximum

384 21 22 20 4.7 6.8

158 16 12 16 7.5 5.4

18 526 138 1 467 … 3 070 83

337 40 219 69 131 122

280 29 183 39 121 87

3 221 293 212 137 25 49

2 669 331 184 229 57 71

388 55 443 108 228 208

300 38 244 51 165 121

African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

184 52 45 …

80 28 25 …

10 999 4 753 215 …

307 217 109 33

241 182 82 22

1 805 406 335 …

1 367 402 422 …

468 402 162 48

328 228 99 28

Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

3 744

152

126

490

500

253

159

Global

Table 2

2015 3. Selected infectious diseases Table 3 has been compiled from official national reports of case numbers for selected infectious diseases. Decisions on which diseases to include have primarily been made on the basis of data availability. Where possible, a distinction is made between zero cases reported and no information available for a country. In isolation, the numbers shown provide no indication of the relative risk of disease, nor of the quality of disease reporting in different countries. However, the table does provide an indication of the current status of officially reported infectious disease data at the global level and the major reporting gaps. Given the variations in the methods used by countries to obtain these numbers, no attempt has been made to calculate incidence or prevalence. To meaningfully interpret the figures provided, both epidemiological patterns and data-collection efforts in specific countries must be considered. Some diseases (for example, malaria and yellow fever) are endemic to certain geographical regions but are extremely rare elsewhere. Diseases such as cholera are liable to cause outbreaks that can cause case numbers to fluctuate widely over time. Because some diseases are best tackled with preventive measures such as mass drug treatment, reporting the number of cases is a lower priority than estimating the population at risk. For vaccine-preventable diseases, case numbers are affected by immunization rates. Diseases such as Japanese encephalitis and malaria are difficult to identify without specialized laboratory tests that are often not available in developing countries. In many settings, cases of some diseases are identified through clinical signs and symptoms alone. Despite ongoing efforts to enhance disease surveillance and response, many countries face challenges in accurately identifying, diagnosing and reporting infectious diseases due to the remoteness of communities, lack of transport and communication infrastructures, and a shortage of skilled health care workers and laboratory facilities to ensure accurate diagnosis. No inferences can be drawn from the figures shown concerning the efforts or progress that countries are making in controlling particular diseases. Case numbers are also a poor indication of the burden of disease. Diseases such as poliomyelitis and leprosy have low mortality rates but result in a heavy loss of healthy years of life. Some diseases with very small initial case numbers can potentially cause devastating epidemics, and so mandatory reporting is essential. For diseases that are considered eradicable, such as poliomyelitis, case reporting is essential to ensure that eradication efforts are targeted to the affected areas. Some diseases are reported under the International Health Regulations, while others are monitored by countries or by WHO in the context of specific control programmes. Further information on disease incidence and prevalence, as well as on immunization coverage rates for vaccine-preventable diseases, can be obtained from the relevant WHO programme.

Table 3

3. Selected infectious diseases Member State Human African trypanosomiasis c Number of reported cases Leishmaniasis c

Japanese encephalitis b

Diphtheria b

2013 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark 3 957 … … … 6 655 … … … 3i … … … … … … … … … 528 … … … … … … … … 1 557 … … 29 1j … … 2j 53 k … … 1 624 … … 56 … 181 … … … 26 944 …

2013 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 1 … 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 … 0 4 … 0 0 … 0 0 … 0 35 … 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 … 0

2013 … … … … 69 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 0 … … … … … … … 0 … … … 6 … 62 193 … … … … 20 … … 7 … … … … … 5 647 …

2013 0 0 … … … … … 0 4 … 0 … 0 23 … 0 0 … … 0 … … … … … 0 … … 0 41 … … … … … 2 178 … … … … … … 0 … … 0 0 … 0

2013 23 637 … 6 482 … … … 97 … … … 47 … … 1 104 … … 7 … … 4 … 1 … 21 479 … … 947 … … … … … … … … 120 9 366 … … … … … 7 … 0 1 … … …

2013 39 … … … 850 … 309 … 13 … … … … 3 141 … … … 0 254 17 … … … 31 044 0 … 253 … … 373 441 … 99 391 0 930 430 480 53 0 26 1 169 … 232 … … 0 3 744 …

2013 39 263 … 16 … 1 999 868 … 0 0 … … 0 0 … 3 864 … … … 22 1 078 834 22 7 342 … 456 177 767 … … 3 769 051 4 141 387 22 21 309 0 … 116 300 754 565 … 4 086 51 696 53 156 43 232 … 2 2 506 953 … … … … 14 407 6 715 223 …

2013 430 0 25 0 8 523 0 0 10 158 … 164 0 … 237 0 16 39 0 637 0 0 … 1 220 … 14 375 0 0 0 760 82 596 226 0 26 883 1 0 124 … 0 48 0 … 90 15 0 88 381 17

2014 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 711 … … … … … … … 3 476 … … … 1 156 … 169 235 … … … … … … … 196 … … … … … 10 109 l …

Meningitis f

Measles b

Leprosy d

Cholera a

Malaria e

2015 Number of reported cases Neonatal tetanus b Total tetanus b Tuberculosis h Poliomyelitis g Member State 2013 0 20 27 2 … 0 3 772 2 216 … 76 0 59 … 0 8 4 573 0 … 20 764 … … 0 … 25 8 090 … 11 0 … 92 0 … 821 327 759 7 884 … … … 0 … 35 … 0 1 553 0 … 60 2013 371 6 69 6 0 0 1 112 30 12 319 … 4 0 0 1 0 188 1 142 6 0 0 31 … 0 5 211 … 89 3 … 18 0 … 1 261 124 … 1 964 1 712 13 682 0 137 … 58 … 108 … 9 1 233 0 3 108 484 2014 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2013 0 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 2 … 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 … … 0 … 0 … … 0 3 … 0 0 … 0 … 0 … … … 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 2013 367 0 414 0 36 0 0 4 26 … 0 0 2 3 034 0 1 … 0 10 6 0 … 121 0 … 10 27 7 3 104 148 2 31 … 0 17 580 0 0 107 … 0 98 1 … 223 0 0 781 0 2013 13 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 108 0 0 … 0 8 0 0 … 0 3 … 0 0 1 0 13 43 … 68 176 0 492 0 0 5 … 0 15 0 … 0 0 0 1 327 0 2013 24 0 0 0 360 0 11 0 4 … 5 0 0 508 0 0 … 0 8 0 0 … 0 213 … 1 27 1 0 13 43 2 68 176 10 492 31 0 5 … 1 15 1 … 0 0 0 1 359 1 2013 30 507 474 20 701 5 58 607 10 8 933 1 397 1 250 624 5 860 33 209 184 506 4 4 470 906 121 3 866 1 080 8 327 1 261 6 834 76 020 212 1 930 5 326 7 467 305 37 743 25 648 1 638 8 590 11 237 2 412 847 176 11 737 121 10 699 2 410 24 749 511 757 41 471 97 665 112 439 330 2013 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 … … 3 … 0 0 … 0 0 15 0 4 5 0 … 1 … 1 … 0 6 0 … 0 0 0 9 0 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Yellow fever b Congenital rubella syndrome b Pertussis b Mumps b Rubella b

Table 3

Andorra

3. Selected infectious diseases Member State Human African trypanosomiasis c Number of reported cases Leishmaniasis c

Japanese encephalitis b

Diphtheria b

2013 Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya … … 1 954 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 50 … … … 319 969 … 58 809 … … … 6 008 … 256 n 1 … 1j 1j … 8o … … … … … … … … … … 92 …

2013 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 … … 0 5 … 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 133 775 190 4 … 0 … 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 20 14 1 0 0 …

2013 … … … … … … 3 … … … … … … 16 … … … 1 … … … 78 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 0 … … … … … … … … …

2013 … … … … … … … 0 0 … … … 0 … 0 0 … 0 … … … … 0 … … … 0 0 1 078 … … 0 … … … … 9 … 0 … 0 0 … 9 0 … 0 0 …

2013 … … … 910 464 17 … … … 2 100 … 3 … … … … 10 … … … 664 … … 4 … 2 077 … … 13 869 … 16 135 2 236 … … 63 … … 249 14 181 … 11 … … … 1 035 … … …

2013 … … 128 … … 1 … … … 4 374 6 … … … 34 … … … … 1 1 387 … 20 … 4 … … 126 913 16 856 21 3 … … … … 3 0 … … 137 18 … 84 … … … … …

2013 939 … 579 368 0 6 13 129 21 317 … 2 645 454 … … … 28 982 240 792 0 … 1 639 451 … … 6 214 211 257 54 584 31 479 20 957 5 428 … … 881 730 343 527 519 0 … … … 0 … … … 2 335 286 … … 0 38 131 … … … 1 244 220 …

2013 28 0 0 0 405 0 321 45 2 5 253 … 2 272 122 0 7 872 1 771 319 3 0 0 53 0 0 0 0 1 0 13 822 8 419 189 669 … 50 … 0 229 120 73 190 0 62 1 71 0 1 761 516 0 …

2014 … … … … … … … … … 1 744 m … … … … 214 … … 448 … … … 582 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

Meningitis f

Measles b

Leprosy d

Cholera a

Malaria e

2015 Number of reported cases Neonatal tetanus b Total tetanus b Tuberculosis h Poliomyelitis g Member State 2013 … 0 498 1 308 20 390 274 0 0 12 … … 1 … … 0 52 … 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 … 158 8 1 … … … 1 809 … 51 … 0 40 999 135 38 … 0 45 694 27 15 14 0 0 … 2013 … 0 17 35 0 7 0 0 55 … … 192 … … 0 115 … 0 28 0 34 0 0 0 0 25 20 31 31 089 2 976 1 415 2 471 … 1 394 … 2 1 663 3 14 … 0 30 90 60 201 58 0 0 … 2014 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2013 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 … … 0 … … 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 … … 0 9 … 0 … 0 31 0 0 … 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 0 … 2013 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 19 2 793 … 0 … 5 66 224 … 168 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 698 2 355 32 30 … 1 … 0 14 359 1 36 299 0 4 12 83 0 27 516 0 … 2013 … 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 16 … … 0 0 0 0 … 1 0 0 0 51 0 0 15 0 0 0 415 69 3 10 … 0 … 0 … 0 0 1 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 … 2013 … 1 55 27 9 4 0 0 1 16 … … 10 0 0 2 … 1 1 0 2 51 0 0 15 12 2 0 2 814 225 10 34 … 1 … 1 127 0 1 1 0 0 0 34 0 3 0 8 … 2013 3 162 3 4 450 5 277 7 876 2 176 … 2 860 263 131 677 254 266 4 708 5 179 2 325 3 434 4 193 15 043 494 … 3 311 11 313 2 087 679 17 040 2 981 1 040 11 1 243 905 325 582 11 052 8 554 356 308 3 019 96 20 495 348 18 958 89 796 407 704 7 075 4 130 872 689 9 555 7 511 1 344 2013 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 223 … … 0 0 0 0 0 7 … 0 0 2 0 0 … 0 0 0 … … … 0 … 0 … 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 … … 0 0 0 0 … Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Yellow fever b Congenital rubella syndrome b Pertussis b Mumps b Rubella b

Table 3

3. Selected infectious diseases Member State Human African trypanosomiasis c Number of reported cases Leishmaniasis c

Japanese encephalitis b

Diphtheria b

2013 Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa … … … … 171 q … 23 … … … … 187 … … … … … 1 869 33 3 … … … … … 585 6 600 … … … 1 069 … … … … … 6 … … … 3j … … … … … … … …

2013 0 0 0 0 4 0 … … … … 0 0 … … 0 0 0 … 38 … … 103 0 0 0 73 … 0 0 0 183 0 0 … 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 …

2013 … … … 35 … … 0 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 0 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

2013 0 … … 0 12 0 … … … 0 0 … … … 0 0 … … 3 … … 118 … 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 … 0 … … 24 0 … 0 14 0 0 … … … … … …

2013 1 … … … … … … 0 … … … 974 … … … … 2 703 … … … … 354 … … 2 219 … 0 … … … 3 724 … 1 762 … 269 8 006 … … 9 8 … 1 … 7 … … … … …

2013 … … 1 569 … 306 3 176 … 93 … … 172 195 … 0 … 38 … 2 950 … 2 3 225 … 3 21 424 3 385 0 … 5 431 3 3 381 407 27 1 729 … … 26 7 … … … … … 2 … 12

2013 … … 387 045 1 280 892 2 985 … 1 367 218 … … 1 587 … 495 … … … … 0 2 998 874 333 871 4 911 … 1 974 … … 1 194 1 431 798 0 … … 11 281 755 … 705 279 994 0 43 468 6 514 … … … 393 … … 0 962 618 … … … …

2013 35 0 6 1 195 0 221 … … 62 0 0 0 … 0 0 92 8 1 010 1 028 … 1 861 2 632 8 0 1 224 52 852 0 8 0 8 749 0 0 12 0 0 2 920 84 1 73 107 27 1 159 2 339 17 0 0 0 …

2014 … … … … … … 327 … … 1 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 327 1 175 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

Meningitis f

Measles b

Leprosy d

Cholera a

Malaria e

2015 Number of reported cases Neonatal tetanus b Total tetanus b Tuberculosis h Poliomyelitis g Member State 2013 67 5 5 0 … 17 … … … … 14 0 … … 5 268 48 … … … … … 29 134 204 23 35 0 … 0 35 163 … 0 165 … 172 0 … 2 436 162 289 17 022 60 98 282 … 0 0 0 … 2013 65 30 19 0 222 0 … … … … 0 961 … … 0 0 72 … 14 0 … 3 431 2 858 3 396 0 884 8 530 0 2 608 309 250 0 42 3 188 81 1 373 23 2 183 103 0 36 115 57 4 510 … 0 0 0 … 2014 0 0 1p 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 p 0 0 0 327 p 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2013 0 0 … 0 4 0 … … … … 0 0 … … 0 0 … … … … … … 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 … 0 0 … 2 0 0 1 0 45 0 … 0 0 0 … 2013 2 0 131 23 1 138 0 19 … … 61 10 0 … … 8 0 59 127 23 40 … 755 58 1 0 6 88 0 3 0 1 113 0 0 5 0 0 254 38 546 0 58 17 0 145 233 50 0 0 0 … 2013 0 … 8 7 6 0 12 … … … 0 0 … … 0 0 1 59 39 2 … 87 0 0 0 1 468 0 0 0 898 0 0 27 0 1 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 … 2013 2 0 556 7 32 0 37 … … 4 0 20 … … 0 0 23 59 73 2 … 377 1 1 1 71 556 0 0 1 898 0 0 27 6 35 1 069 14 1 0 22 0 6 11 0 0 0 0 … 2013 1 573 38 26 561 17 779 23 417 114 5 810 50 149 2 223 130 20 708 … … 4 331 119 29 126 53 272 134 855 9 597 … 33 834 832 272 2 952 11 251 94 825 0 362 330 288 910 8 1 424 22 657 2 255 29 731 229 918 7 043 2 338 … 41 579 4 485 15 523 106 053 5 702 0 9 3 22 2013 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 … … 0 0 0 … … 0 0 … … … … … … 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 … 0 21 … 0 … 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 … Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Yellow fever b Congenital rubella syndrome b Pertussis b Mumps b Rubella b

Table 3

3. Selected infectious diseases Member State Human African trypanosomiasis c Number of reported cases Leishmaniasis c

Japanese encephalitis b

Diphtheria b

2013 San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe … … … … … … 377 2j … … … 6 864 1 … … … … … … … … … … 8 … … 166 … … … … … … 748 … … 6j 270 14 r … … … 4j … … … …

2013 … 0 0 … 0 0 … … 0 0 0 7 … … 0 0 0 0 0 2 … 0 0 28 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 … … … … 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 7 0 0

2013 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 117 … … … … … … … … … … … … 0 … … … … … … 52 … … … 1 … … … … … … … 6 1

2013 … … 0 … … 0 … … 0 0 0 … … … 0 70 … … 0 0 … 0 … 59 … 5 … 0 … … … … … … … … 0 0 … … 0 … … 224 0 0 …

2013 … … 2 001 … 2 … … … … … … 673 … 2 364 … … 2 725 179 … … … 72 026 149 3 … … … … … 4 364 2 651 141 … … … … … … … … 540 … … … 3 823 … …

2013 … … 8 247 … … … 8 … … 30 … … 576 … 1 990 677 25 … … … … … 188 … 102 … … 38 0 … … 1 … … 31 … 2 005 188 5 … … … 260 383 … …

2013 … 9 243 34 345 889 … … 1 701 958 … … … 25 609 43 317 8 645 262 520 … 0 592 383 729 402 … … 0 7 33 302 … 1 025 882 430 … … … 34 0 … 1 502 362 … … … 1 552 444 … … 0 2 381 78 643 17 128 102 778 0 422 633

2013 … 0 1 164 17 1 0 15 … 0 1 0 3 173 25 525 131 2 107 2 813 0 0 51 175 740 1 2 641 4 4 564 0 0 16 7 405 0 … 7 878 … … 1 919 185 187 0 0 0 0 1 123 400 35 0

2014 … … … 102 … … … … … … … … … 111 … … 207 … … … … … … … … … 351 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

Meningitis f

Measles b

Leprosy d

Cholera a

Malaria e

2015 Number of reported cases Neonatal tetanus b Total tetanus b Tuberculosis h Poliomyelitis g Member State 2013 … … 1 172 … 64 0 … … 218 1 0 … … … 13 951 1 274 … 0 … 44 … 45 1 530 5 907 60 … … 0 0 … 597 13 … … … … 4 718 … 0 204 3 256 … 15 … 3 837 … … 2013 … 0 0 … 39 0 … … 907 169 0 1 001 116 … 2 342 67 119 3 0 237 … 35 2 24 1 0 30 0 0 88 33 0 … … … … 6 090 0 0 320 42 … 6 54 2 529 0 0 2014 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 2p 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2013 … … 0 … 0 0 … … 0 0 0 … … … 0 4 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 … … 3 0 0 4 0 0 … … … … 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 3 … 0 … 2013 … … 1 164 44 11 0 … … 0 0 0 … 103 … 2 24 291 0 110 0 6 1 0 539 0 0 38 0 0 15 81 0 … 7 878 … … 13 116 0 0 0 … 0 54 706 183 130 2013 … 0 10 4 0 0 9 … 0 0 0 182 0 25 0 0 88 0 0 0 … 0 0 2 0 1 26 0 0 0 0 … … 406 … … 0 0 0 0 0 … 1 46 66 0 4 2013 … 0 27 78 2 0 9 … 0 1 0 321 0 32 13 19 88 0 0 3 … 1 0 126 0 11 26 0 0 8 15 0 … 2 928 … … 8 … 0 1 0 … 9 306 66 0 4 2013 … 147 3 435 13 186 2 083 24 12 072 2 164 398 139 360 12 994 312 380 6 422 5 244 9 331 19 056 141 6 641 610 466 2 735 5 576 63 541 318 3 757 2 600 10 250 3 035 13 170 3 046 18 45 549 36 510 82 7 384 64 053 9 113 881 20 812 123 6 555 100 395 10 325 40 638 32 899 2013 … 0 0 2 … 0 3 … 0 0 0 … 0 … 0 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 … … … … … … … 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 … 0 0 … San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Yellow fever b Congenital rubella syndrome b Pertussis b Mumps b Rubella b

Table 3

Senegal

3. Selected infectious diseases Member State Human African trypanosomiasis c Number of reported cases Leishmaniasis c

Japanese encephalitis b

Diphtheria b

2013

2014

Ranges of country values Minimum Median Maximum 1 166 58 809 0 0 3 133 0 6 5 647 0 0 2 178 0 312 72 026 0 84 126 913 0 11 186 6 715 223 0 16 88 381 1 327 10 109

WHO region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region 49 465 61 152 6 049 … 12 147 246 … 5 4 080 33 392 42 6 314 … … … … … … … 1 356 … … 2 515 … 48 023 15 334 3 654 135 814 120 20 911 33 084 155 385 … 1 680 4 576 44 737 004 427 094 1 613 722 … 1 060 999 398 530 171 178 490 30 101 26 385 20 884 31 706 … … … … … …

Income group Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income … 15 442 9 474 41 258 4 140 252 30 … … … … … 1 410 2 249 … … 107 493 76 253 … 23 918 156 560 34 805 … 38 350 667 7 434 878 2 438 278 … 112 587 104 873 51 256 12 028 … … … …

Global

129 067

4 680

…

3 871

215 019

215 636

48 237 390

280 744

Cholera, 2013. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2014;89(31):345–56 (http://www. who.int/wer/en/). Data provided by Member States through WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form and WHO regional offices. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www.who. int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/en/, July 2014 update). Neglected tropical diseases on the Global Health Observatory [online database]. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main. A1629). Cases reported as of 27 February 2015. Global leprosy update, 2013: reducing disease burden. Weekly Epidemiological Record. 2014;89(36):389–400 (http://www.who.int/wer/en/). World Malaria Report 2014. Annex 6A Reported malaria cases and deaths, 2013. Only local and confirmed are reported. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world_malaria_report_2014/en/). Suspected meningitis cases reported by African countries under enhanced surveillance to WHO Intercountry Support Team for West Africa, up to 28 December 2014. Data from World Health Organization, Polio Eradication Initiative, as of 17 February 2015. Updated information can be found at: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/ CaseCount.aspx. Poliomyelitis cases refer to acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases with confirmed polioviruses (wild poliovirus or circulating vaccine -derived poliovirus – cVDPV). Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan are endemic countries. Cases in other countries are the result of importation. The number of new and relapse tuberculosis cases notified in a given year. The term “notification” means that tuberculosis is diagnosed in a patient and reported

within the national surveillance system, and then on to WHO. Global Tuberculosis Report 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www.who.int/ tb/publications/global_report/en/). WHO regional and global estimates include territories. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p.

2 of 3 reported cases are imported. All cases are imported. 2 of 53 reported cases are imported. Number of cases reported up to 14 December 2014. Number of cases reported up to 30 November 2014. 211 of 256 reported cases are imported. 3 of 8 reported cases are imported. Figure includes 1 cVDPV in Madagascar, 30 in Nigeria, 21 in Pakistan and 2 in South Sudan. 77 of 171 reported cases are imported. 12 of 14 reported cases are imported.

q. r.

Meningitis f …

Measles b

Leprosy d

Cholera a

Malaria e

2015 Number of reported cases Neonatal tetanus b Total tetanus b Tuberculosis h Poliomyelitis g Member State 2013 2013 2014 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 Yellow fever b Congenital rubella syndrome b Pertussis b Mumps b Rubella b

0 26 327 759

0 30 31 089

0 0 327

0 0 45

0 4 38 546

0 0 1 327

0 2 2 928

0 3 311 1 243 905

0 0 223

Minimum Median Maximum

… 16 162 … 35 075 … 391 314

13 038 26 231 37 602 27 830 8 751 22 673

50 0 0 0 363 0

3 0 23 48 13 44

… 2 … 39 614 … …

2 776 20 721 0 1 280 679

6 508 457 4 153 103 1 513 2 127

1 337 696 220 510 2 098 170 297 545 434 473 1 342 404

277 26 … 0 … …

African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

… … 350 379 89 531

8 988 49 717 29 137 48 283

35 371 2 5

25 7 62 37

… … … 54 723

2 637 2 276 553 10

6 743 6 351 1 503 264

1 228 883 2 653 663 1 607 788 240 459

246 … … 0

Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

515 008

136 125

413

131

…

5 476

14 861

5 730 798

…

Global

Table 3

2015 4. Health service coverage Health service coverage indicators reflect the extent to which people in need actually receive important health interventions. Table 4 presents data on the following related MDG indicators: unmet need for family planning; contraceptive prevalence; antenatal care coverage; births attended by skilled health personnel; measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds; children aged < 5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated nets; children aged < 5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalarial; antiretroviral therapy coverage among people eligible for treatment; case-detection rate for all forms of tuberculosis; and treatment-success rate for new tuberculosis cases. Data are also presented on births by caesarean section; neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus; 1-year-olds immunized against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type B; children aged 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementation; children aged < 5 years with acute respiratory infection (ARI) symptoms taken to a health facility; children aged < 5 years with suspected pneumonia receiving antibiotics; children aged < 5 years with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration therapy (ORT); and coverage of antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women with HIV to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Coverage indicators are typically calculated by dividing the number of people receiving a defined intervention by the population eligible for – or in need of – the intervention. For example, immunization coverage among 1-year-old children can be calculated from the number of children having received a specific vaccine divided by the total population of 1-year-old children in each country. For indicators on antenatal care, births attended by skilled health personnel and births by caesarean section, the denominator is the total number of live births in the defined population. The main sources of data on health service coverage are household surveys and completed questionnaires on health service use. The principal types of surveys used are the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and country health and economic surveys. Other sources of data include the administrative records of routine service provision, which provide data on the numerator. The denominator is estimated on the basis of census projections. It should be borne in mind that administrative records tend to overestimate coverage as a result of double counting in the numerator and uncertainty in the denominator. Although household surveys are generally considered to be more reliable, these are subject to respondent reporting errors as well as to margins of uncertainty due to sampling errors. In generating global estimates it is good practice to reconcile data from multiple sources in order to maximize accuracy. Unavoidable terminology differences also exist between countries, making standardization difficult. For example, there are significant variations across countries in the precise skills and training of health workers classified as “skilled birth attendants”. Indicator definitions may also change over time. As a result of these and other issues there may be limitations in the comparability of results across countries and over time. WHO regional estimates are not available for several coverage indicators, reflecting both the limited availability of data for several indicators and the fact that some conditions (such as malaria) are not of public health significance in all countries.

Table 4

4. Health service coverage Member State Unmet need for family planning a (%) MDG 5 Births Neonates Contra- Antenatal care cover- Births attended by ceptive age b protected by skilled caesarean at birth preva(%) health section b against lence a personneonatal (%) (%) nel b tetanus c (%) (%) At least 1 visit 2007 –2013 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark … 13 … … … … … 14 … … … … … 14 … 7 … 16 33 12 20 9 … … … … 25 32 … 17 24 … 27 28 … … 8 … 18 … 8 22 … 9 … 4 15 24 … 2007 –2013 21 69 … … 18 … … 55 … 70 … … … 61 … 63 70 55 13 66 61 46 53 … … 69 16 22 … 51 23 … 15 5 … … 79 19 45 … 76 18 … 74 … 86 71 18 … At least 4 visits 2007 –2014 36 99 97 … 49 k 100 k 100 100 99 n 99 n 100 k 99 k 100 k 44 k 99 100 … 95 81 58 84 k 100 99 k 99 n 100 k 100 k 66 60 99 71 64 k 98 n 40 14 100 n 100 k 99 82 90 100 k 99 57 100 100 n 99 n 100 n 100 80 98 n 2007 –2014 4 30 16 … … … 29 23 32 29 21 … 26 19 21 25 20 28 5 12 19 14 … 56 … 33 2 4 … 3 4 27 5 2 37 r 27 43 10 6 … 22 s 3 19 … 52 26 13 5 21 2013 65 87 90 … 75 … … … … … … 99 94 94 … … … 88 93 83 76 … 92 93 95 … 88 85 92 91 85 … 66 50 … … 79 85 83 … … 82 … … … … 93 75 … 1990 20 88 83 … 38 89 93 … 86 60 … 86 87 65 87 … 85 86 79 93 53 … 87 78 99 99 79 74 79 34 56 89 82 32 97 98 82 87 75 67 90 56 … 94 77 … 98 38 84 Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds d (%)

MDG 4 Measles 2000 27 95 80 97 41 95 91 92 91 75 67 93 98 74 94 98 82 96 70 78 84 80 91 99 99 89 48 72 86 65 49 96 36 28 97 84 88 70 34 76 82 68 93 94 86 97 78 46 99 2013 75 99 95 95 91 98 91 97 94 76 98 92 99 93 90 99 92 99 63 94 95 94 94 99 99 94 82 98 91 90 83 95 25 59 90 99 92 82 65 97 91 74 94 99 86 99 99 73 89 DTP3 2013 71 99 95 96 93 99 87 95 91 83 93 97 99 97 87 98 99 95 69 97 94 92 96 95 90 95 88 96 93 92 89 96 23 48 91 99 91 83 69 98 95 88 96 96 99 99 93 72 94 HepB3 2013 71 99 95 94 93 98 87 95 91 83 93 97 99 97 87 98 98 95 78 97 94 92 96 95 99 95 88 96 93 92 89 75 23 48 90 99 91 83 69 98 94 88 96 96 96 99 93 72 … Hib3 2013 71 99 95 96 93 99 87 95 91 83 93 97 99 97 87 23 92 95 78 97 94 87 96 95 90 95 88 96 93 92 89 96 23 48 90 … 91 83 69 98 95 88 96 96 96 99 … 72 94

2007–2014 46 97 93 … 68 k 100 k 98 k 99 k 96 l … … 86 k 100 o 59 k 93 100 … 96 84 74 86 87 94 o 96 o 93 o,q … 95 k 99 91 o 89 85 k 100 o 55 43 … 95 o 97 92 90 … 95 o 89 94 o 100 k 99 o 98 o 100 89 k … 10 67 68 … 47 100 90 93 90 l,m … … 85 100 25 88 100 …p 83 58 77 59 84 73 89 93 q … 34 33 … 59 62 99 m 38 23 … … 89 49 79 … 90 44 93 t 100 … 96 t 94 48 …

2015 Children Children aged < 5 years aged 6–59 (%) months who MDG 6 received With With SleepWith fever With ARI vitamin A who supplemen- symptoms suspected diarrhoea ing under taken to pneumonia receiving insecticide- received tation e receiving ORT treated treatment a health (%) nets f facility e antibiotics e (ORS and/or with any RHF) e antimalarial f 2007–2014 51 … … … … … … … … … … … … 62 … … … 65 49 … 25 … … … … … 63 81 … 71 55 … 78 98 … … … 49 65 … … 61 … … … … 98 70 … 61 70 … … … … … 57 … … … … … 35 … 93 … 82 31 74 51 87 … … … … 56 55 … 64 30 … 22 26 … … 65 39 52 … 77 38 … 97 … … 80 42 … 2007–2014 64 60 … … … … … … … … … … … 71 … 77 … 71 29 49 64 76 … … … … 47 43 … 39 45 … 31 31 … … … 21 59 … 72 29 … 70 … … 88 40 … 70 j 68 … … … … … 90 … … … … … 81 … 81 j … 34 j 54 81 44 55 … … … … 24 j 41 j … 34 j 22 … 48 29 j … … 74 j 60 j 37 j … 78 j 22 j … 51 … … 92 42 j … 2007–2013 … … … … 26 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 70 … … … … … … … 47 54 … … 21 … 36 10 … … … 41 26 … … 37 … … … … … 38 … … … … … 28 … … … … … … … … 1 … … … … 38 … … … … … … … 35 25 … 0 23 … 34 43 … … … 27 25 … … 18 … … … … … 39 … Pregnant women with HIV receiving antiretrovirals to prevent MTCT g (%) MDG 6 AntiCase-detection retroviral rate for all forms of therapy tuberculosis h coverage (%) among people eligible for treatment g (%) Treatment-success Member State rate for new tuberculosis cases i (%)

2013 2 ... 25 … 39 ... ... ... … … 27 … … 13 … ... … 63 45 ... 66 ... >95 >95 … 92 62 58 >95 79 61 … 33 19 ... 55 ... ... 23 ... ... 75 … ... … … ... 33 …

2013 5 52 18 ... 26 ... 63 16 ... ... 14 ... ... 11 ... 21 ... 44 34 23 20 44 70 46 ... 31 37 40 65 67 22 ... 14 21 60 29 29 ... 28 ... 56 30 ... 62 ... ... ... 18 ...

2000 18 81 70 87 46 87 79 71 90 91 9 110 87 25 50 82 91 75 45 50 65 69 58 74 87 72 28 33 … 27 11 85 … … 84 33 68 58 83 87 76 25 85 82 87 84 39 40 96

2013 53 81 66 87 85 87 89 95 86 88 73 89 87 53 100 68 90 99 54 85 63 72 82 82 87 91 59 57 43 62 49 92 52 58 88 87 75 48 63 87 74 72 89 72 62 81 91 51 84

2000 85 … 87 50 68 100 47 87 72 73 90 … 73 81 … … 66 78 78 90 79 94 77 71 63 … 60 80 64 91 77 35 58 … 82 93 80 93 69 … 57 57 … 93 … 70 82 78 86

2012 88 92 90 100 45 50 56 81 82 69 83 84 44 92 100 85 77 55 90 92 84 84 76 72 71 87 80 89 86 94 79 79 68 69 44 95 72 87 70 0 86 79 9 85 43 75 92 88 64 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark

Table 4

4. Health service coverage Member State Unmet need for family planning a (%) MDG 5 Births Neonates Contra- Antenatal care cover- Births attended by ceptive age b protected by skilled caesarean at birth preva(%) health section b against lence a personneonatal (%) (%) nel b tetanus c (%) (%) At least 1 visit 2007 –2013 Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya … … 11 … 12 18 34 … … 26 … … … 27 22 12 … 37 … … 21 … 6 29 35 11 … … 21 11 6 8 … … … 10 … 12 12 26 28 … 18 20 … … 23 36 27 2007 –2013 19 … 73 … 60 72 13 … … 29 … … 76 31 9 53 … 20 … … 54 6 14 43 35 73 … … 55 62 77 53 … … … 73 … 61 51 46 22 … 36 50 … … 47 20 42 At least 4 visits 2007 –2014 57 k 100 k 99 95 92 100 68 k 32 99 n 10 99 k 100 n 97 n 89 k 57 100 99 n 67 … 99 k 59 k 45 k 43 k 87 37 83 99 k … 67 n 83 k 96 91 100 n … 100 n 99 100 n 100 100 44 80 99 n 98 k 40 99 n … 62 61 100 n 2007 –2014 … … 56 … 52 30 u 7 3 20 2 … 16 21 10 3 37 32 11 … … 16 2 2 13 6 19 33 18 8 12 48 22 29 20 38 21 19 28 16 6 10 … 7 4 23 … 7 4 … 2013 79 … 90 85 86 90 75 94 … 72 94 … … 85 82 … … 88 … … 85 80 80 90 76 94 … … 87 85 95 72 … … … 80 … 90 … 73 … 95 … 90 … … 83 91 … 1990 85 88 70 60 86 98 88 … … 38 84 97 71 76 86 … 75 61 76 85 68 35 53 73 31 90 99 99 56 58 85 75 78 91 43 74 73 87 … 78 75 66 … 32 … 61 80 … 89 Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds d (%)

MDG 4 Measles 2000 50 99 85 99 98 97 51 76 93 36 81 96 84 55 89 73 92 90 89 92 86 42 71 86 55 98 99 91 59 76 99 86 79 97 74 88 96 94 99 78 80 99 98 42 97 71 74 63 93 2013 80 93 79 97 96 94 42 96 94 62 94 97 89 70 96 96 97 89 99 94 85 62 69 99 65 89 99 91 74 84 98 63 93 97 90 94 95 97 99 93 91 99 99 82 96 79 92 74 98 DTP3 2013 82 96 83 99 97 92 3 94 94 72 99 98 99 79 97 98 96 90 99 97 85 63 80 98 68 87 99 91 72 85 98 68 96 94 97 93 98 98 98 76 95 99 97 87 95 81 96 89 98 HepB3 2013 82 96 80 98 97 92 … 94 93 72 99 … 74 79 97 93 87 90 98 97 85 63 76 98 68 87 … … 67 85 99 66 95 98 97 93 … 98 99 83 95 99 97 87 95 81 96 89 98 Hib3 2013 82 96 75 99 … 92 … 94 94 72 99 98 98 79 97 93 94 90 94 97 85 63 76 98 68 87 99 91 20 4 … 68 95 94 96 93 … 98 98 83 95 99 97 87 95 81 96 89 98

2007–2014 … 100 k 99 84 k 90 94 o 91 k 70 99 34 98 o … 100 o 95 k 86 98 k … 96 k … 100 k 93 o 85 k 93 86 90 94 … … 75 o 96 k 97 o 78 100 … 98 o 98 … 99 98 92 88 100 o 98 k 53 98 o … … 96 k 93 … … 95 … 83 80 67 57 97 m 19 94 … 99 78 72 85 … 87 … … … 57 68 79 67 89 … … 72 t 88 … 50 … … 85 86 … 95 87 47 71 … 95 37 ... w … 70 78 …

2015 Children Children aged < 5 years aged 6–59 (%) months who MDG 6 received With With SleepWith fever With ARI vitamin A who supplemen- symptoms suspected diarrhoea ing under taken to pneumonia receiving insecticide- received tation e receiving ORT treated treatment a health (%) nets f facility e antibiotics e (ORS and/or with any RHF) e antimalarial f 2007–2014 … … 34 … 12 52 30 50 … 53 … … … 54 73 … … 74 … … … 41 79 55 44 73 … … … 61 … 28 … … … … … 11 … 30 … … 44 j 59 … … 34 60 … … … 66 … 68 59 54 45 … 27 … … … 54 68 … … 41 … … 60 37 52 65 38 64 … … … 61 … 74 … … … 82 … 77 81 56 … … 33 54 … … 66 51 … 2007–2014 … … 47 … 63 … 27 … … 7 … … … 50 70 … … 56 … … … 38 35 18 46 60 … … … 39 … 67 … … … 59 … 87 87 50 … … 41 57 … … … 56 … … … 53 j … 30 j 58 v 44 j 58 j … 28 j … … … 37 j 65 j … … 59 j … … 44 j 37 j 81 j 59 58 j 60 j … … … 47 j … 34 j … … … 84 … 28 j 65 j 72 j … … 68 61 j … … 71 62 j … 2007–2013 20 … … … … … 23 20 … 30 … … … 39 33 … … 39 … … … 26 36 24 12 … … … … 3 … … … … … … … … … 47 … … … 43 … … … 37 … 1 … … … … … 33 2 … 26 … … … 26 30 … … 53 … … … 28 51 6 3 0 … … … 1 … … … … … … … … … 23 … … … 2 … … … 57 … Pregnant women with HIV receiving antiretrovirals to prevent MTCT g (%) MDG 6 AntiCase-detection retroviral rate for all forms of therapy tuberculosis h coverage (%) among people eligible for treatment g (%) Treatment-success Member State rate for new tuberculosis cases i (%)

2013 36 ... ... 95 15 47 … 38 … 55 ... … … 62 84 79 … 62 … ... 22 46 56 ... 93 47 … … 18 9 14 ... … … … 60 … ... ... 63 ... … 95 36 >95 ... 53 69 ...

2013 28 ... 47 31 16 48 ... 51 ... 40 32 ... ... 56 31 33 ... 34 ... ... 31 22 17 53 39 39 ... ... 36 6 6 ... ... ... ... 27 ... ... 17 41 ... ... 13 48 19 ... 28 21 ...

2000 89 … 61 52 63 90 … 110 91 33 33 85 84 … 68 36 91 38 83 0 38 27 33 55 45 90 81 100 49 20 70 81 85 86 71 75 88 80 49 72 82 87 51 13 69 100 53 22 65

2013 58 87 72 60 59 87 … 49 92 62 51 85 83 73 73 68 87 88 90 … 36 54 32 78 80 68 58 92 58 71 68 57 91 68 87 53 88 83 83 75 80 87 91 31 85 91 50 57 54

2000 62 … 70 … 87 79 … 76 70 80 85 … … … … 63 77 50 … … 86 68 … 55 71 86 64 100 34 87 85 92 84 86 74 45 45 90 79 80 91 69 82 77 72 92 … 80 …

2012 31 100 82 75 88 93 … 87 74 91 86 44 … 54 85 85 74 84 … 100 88 82 71 65 81 89 70 90 88 86 87 91 61 81 … 65 54 90 86 86 89 … … 90 87 71 71 79 60 Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya

Table 4

4. Health service coverage Member State Unmet need for family planning a (%) MDG 5 Births Neonates Contra- Antenatal care cover- Births attended by ceptive age b protected by skilled caesarean at birth preva(%) health section b against lence a personneonatal (%) (%) nel b tetanus c (%) (%) At least 1 visit 2007 –2013 Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa … … 19 26 … 29 … … 8 … … 10 … … 22 … 11 29 … 21 24 28 … … 11 16 19 … … 56 20 … … 27 5 8 19 … … 6 … … … 8 21 … … … 48 2007 –2013 … … 40 46 … 35 10 … 45 9 … 73 … … 55 … 67 12 46 55 36 50 69 … 80 14 15 … … 24 35 … 52 32 79 76 49 … … 38 80 … … 68 52 … … … 29 At least 4 visits 2007 –2014 … 100 n 44 87 k 99 k 99 57 100 n 90 65 100 k 100 100 k … 99 k 99 k 74 54 k 78 k 88 97 k 36 … 97 n 88 k 29 35 100 k 99 n 99 k 52 k 99 91 44 n 96 n 89 73 100 n … 100 100 n 99 99 k 100 k 69 100 k 99 99 k 81 k 2007 –2014 27 31 2 5 … 41 3 34 9 10 45 y 46 … … 23 20 16 4 … 14 8 5 16 24 30 1 2 … 17 17 z 14 … 28 … 33 27 9 35 35 20 37 16 36 22 7 … 19 … 13 2013 … … 78 89 90 95 85 … … 80 95 88 … … … … 89 83 87 83 … 82 … … 81 81 60 … … 91 75 … … 65 85 85 80 … … … … … … … 85 … … … … 1990 … 80 47 81 70 96 43 80 52 38 76 75 81 99 92 … 79 59 68 … … 57 94 90 82 25 54 99 87 98 50 98 73 67 69 64 85 95 85 79 93 … 92 … 83 99 82 96 89 Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds d (%)

MDG 4 Measles 2000 97 91 57 73 96 99 49 74 94 46 84 96 85 99 92 … 93 71 84 69 8 71 96 85 86 37 33 99 88 99 59 83 97 62 92 97 78 97 87 91 95 89 98 97 74 99 88 96 93 2013 93 95 63 88 95 99 72 99 70 80 99 89 91 99 97 88 99 85 86 82 96 88 96 92 99 67 59 99 93 99 61 99 92 70 92 85 90 98 98 99 99 91 92 98 97 99 99 99 99 DTP3 2013 93 99 74 89 97 99 74 99 36 80 98 83 81 99 98 94 99 78 75 89 79 92 97 92 98 70 58 99 94 98 72 99 80 68 86 88 94 99 98 99 99 90 89 97 98 96 99 96 95 HepB3 2013 93 94 74 89 96 99 74 94 41 80 98 82 83 99 98 90 99 78 72 89 79 92 95 93 98 70 63 99 … 97 72 99 80 68 86 88 94 96 98 99 99 91 96 97 98 97 99 96 95 Hib3 2013 93 98 74 89 97 58 74 99 21 80 98 83 68 99 98 94 99 78 72 89 79 92 97 92 98 70 46 99 95 98 72 99 80 68 86 88 94 99 98 99 … 89 92 18 98 97 99 97 95

2007–2014 100 o 100 82 96 97 o 99 74 100 o 92 o 84 … 99 80 o … 99 92 77 91 k 83 k 97 94 k 58 … … 95 83 61 k 100 o … 99 o 73 k 90 o 93 66 o 96 o 96 95 … … 91 100 o 99 … … 98 100 k 97 100 k 93 k … 97 x 51 46 … 85 41 … 77 48 … …w … … 90 87 55 51 43 w,x 63 40 50 … … 88 33 51 … … 83 37 81 88 … 91 95 84 … … 85 97 w,x 95 … … 35 … 90 … 58

2015 Children Children aged < 5 years aged 6–59 (%) months who MDG 6 received With With SleepWith fever With ARI vitamin A who supplemen- symptoms suspected diarrhoea ing under taken to pneumonia receiving insecticide- received tation e receiving ORT treated treatment a health (%) nets f facility e antibiotics e (ORS and/or with any RHF) e antimalarial f 2007–2014 … … 72 86 … 48 61 … … 56 … … … … 61 … 21 75 56 84 … 87 … … 62 60 41 … … … 72 … … … … 4 85 … … … 98 26 … … 93 … … … … … … 42 70 … 74 31 … … 43 … … … … 70 … 50 50 69 68 … 50 … … 64 53 35 … … … 64 … … … 86 60 64 … … … 80 79 … … 50 … … … 87 2007–2014 … … … 46 … … 28 … … 30 … … … … 63 … 49 12 34 … … 7 … … … 11 37 … … … 42 … … … 68 52 50 … … … 88 82 … … 13 … … … 54 … … 29 49 … 63 40 j … … 36 … … … … 83 … 40 j 62 j 66 j 78 j … 50 … … 68 47 j 38 j … … … 42 j … … … 38 v 68 j 56 j … … … 92 61 … … 35 j … … … 87 j 2007–2013 … … 77 56 … … 46 … … 19 … … … … … … … 36 11 34 … … … … … 20 17 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 74 … … … … … … 20 33 … … 32 … … 20 … … … … … … … 30 … 20 … 1 … … … 19 33 … … … 3 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 12 … … … … Pregnant women with HIV receiving antiretrovirals to prevent MTCT g (%) MDG 6 AntiCase-detection retroviral rate for all forms of therapy tuberculosis h coverage (%) among people eligible for treatment g (%) Treatment-success Member State rate for new tuberculosis cases i (%)

2013 >95 … 3 79 86 ... 29 … ... ... ... 75 ... … ... ... 39 84 72 90 ... 27 … … 87 53 27 ... … … 9 ... 93 41 48 70 11 … … … … 81 >95 ... ... ... ... ... ...

2013 22 ... 1 46 20 19 30 ... ... 21 19 51 ... ... 14 38 21 32 35 52 ... 23 ... ... 35 30 20 ... ... ... 6 ... 47 46 27 43 49 ... ... ... ... 17 54 20 66 ... ... ... ...

2000 74 96 … 45 81 75 53 94 80 45 55 62 30 … 51 … 85 23 15 38 87 78 80 78 85 22 7 … 79 96 3 … 63 56 74 80 42 85 81 87 60 48 68 75 74 … 87 57 110

2013 80 83 50 70 79 83 63 100 80 50 50 82 … … 84 93 85 37 68 64 … 78 81 82 87 62 16 … 87 84 58 87 77 89 75 79 80 85 85 … 87 81 82 83 70 … 87 11 66

2000 73 … 70 73 78 97 … 100 91 … 93 76 93 … 87 … 89 75 82 56 25 84 76 30 82 65 79 … 70 93 74 … 60 63 66 90 88 72 79 66 83 63 70 68 61 … 100 100 92

2012 80 … 82 82 78 79 93 24 86 68 91 80 … … 88 84 89 87 89 85 … 91 83 81 87 77 86 … 79 97 91 100 80 68 70 67 88 60 78 … 81 76 85 69 84 100 64 … 86 Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa

Table 4

4. Health service coverage Member State Unmet need for family planning a (%) MDG 5 Births Neonates Contra- Antenatal care cover- Births attended by ceptive age b protected by skilled caesarean at birth preva(%) health section b against lence a personneonatal (%) (%) nel b tetanus c (%) (%) At least 1 visit 2007 –2013 San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe … 38 … 29 7 … 27 … … … 11 … … 26 … 7 29 17 13 … … 16 23 7 17 32 37 … … 7 6 … 24 34 5 … … 25 8 … … … … 4 … 27 15 2007 –2013 … 38 24 18 61 … 17 … … … 35 … … 4 … 68 9 48 65 … … 54 28 79 40 22 15 … … 63 73 … 31 30 65 … 84 34 76 … … 38 … 78 … 41 59 At least 4 visits 2007 –2014 … 81 97 k 51 98 99 k 60 100 n 100 k 100 n 86 n … 94 17 … 99 20 90 82 … … 96 k 87 100 … 21 n 59 k 96 100 k 74 91 … 93 58 99 100 k … 49 99 100 … 89 k 96 k 94 k 45 k 64 80 k 2007 –2014 31 5 22 z 4 29 23 3 … 29 19 6 … … <1 27 31 z 7 19 12 17 33 … 4 32 25 2 9 17 18 27 37 7 7 5 12 24 … aa 5 33 40 11 … 32 z 28 5 3 6 2013 … … … 91 … … 87 … … … 85 64 77 64 … 95 74 93 86 … … 94 … 91 … 81 77 … … 96 90 … … 85 … … … 88 … … … 75 75 91 70 81 66 1990 … 71 88 51 … 86 … 84 … … 70 30 79 … 99 80 57 65 85 96 90 87 … 80 … … 73 86 70 93 78 … 95 52 … 80 87 80 90 97 … 66 61 88 69 90 87 Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds d (%)

MDG 4 Measles 2000 74 69 94 48 89 97 37 96 98 95 85 24 72 … 94 99 58 84 92 91 82 84 88 94 97 … 58 95 90 95 87 96 81 57 99 94 88 78 91 89 99 61 84 97 71 85 75 2013 74 91 98 84 92 97 83 95 98 94 76 46 66 30 95 99 85 93 85 97 93 61 92 99 96 70 72 99 91 94 98 99 96 82 79 94 95 99 91 96 97 52 85 98 78 80 93 DTP3 2013 69 97 98 92 95 98 92 97 98 95 83 42 65 45 96 99 93 86 98 98 96 41 96 99 98 82 84 99 92 98 98 98 90 78 76 94 96 91 94 94 99 68 82 59 88 79 95 HepB3 2013 69 97 98 92 91 99 92 97 98 … 83 34 65 … 95 99 93 86 98 … … 71 96 99 97 82 84 99 92 98 97 98 90 78 46 94 … 91 90 94 99 59 82 59 88 79 95 Hib3 2013 69 97 98 92 92 98 92 … 98 95 83 34 65 … 96 99 93 86 98 98 95 41 96 … 97 82 84 99 92 98 98 97 90 78 83 94 97 91 93 94 99 68 82 59 88 79 95

2007–2014 … 98 98 o 95 98 … 97 … … 100 91 o … 97 o 40 … 99 74 90 97 … … 88 o 79 98 99 84 73 k 99 … 84 92 … 93 95 99 100 o … 88 … 97 o … 76 k … 96 k 60 k 96 94 k … 72 … 47 94 … 76 … … … 65 … 87 17 … 93 47 67 77 … … 64 53 93 94 55 55 70 100 85 74 … 67 48 87 … … 43 97 94 … … 61 74 28 60 70

2015 Children Children aged < 5 years aged 6–59 (%) months who MDG 6 received With With SleepWith fever With ARI vitamin A who supplemen- symptoms suspected diarrhoea ing under taken to pneumonia receiving insecticide- received tation e receiving ORT treated treatment a health (%) nets f facility e antibiotics e (ORS and/or with any RHF) e antimalarial f 2007–2014 … 48 … 78 … … 83 … … … … … … 4 … … … … 68 … … … 77 … … 51 88 … … … … … … 57 … … … 61 … … … … … 83 … 63 66 … 75 … 53 90 … 72 … … … … … … 48 … 58 … 76 58 … … … 63 83 … 71 49 … … 59 … … … 79 92 … … 31 … … … 63 … 81 34 68 53 2007–2014 … 60 … … 82 … 45 … … … … … … 33 … … … 71 61 … … … … 45 … 45 41 … … 57 … … … 47 88 … … … … … … 48 … 88 … 47 34 … 79 … 22 j 83 j … 86 j … … … … … … 60 j … 63 … 72 j 81 j … … … 72 j 65 j … 78 j 19 j … … 76 … … … 48 j 86 … … 59 j … … … 54 j … 71 j 28 j 70 j 63 j 2007–2013 … 56 … 46 … … 49 … … … 40 … … 25 … 3 … 43 2 … … … … … … 41 57 … … … … … … 43 … … … 72 … … … 51 … 9 … 57 10 … 8 … 6 … … 48 … … … 19 … … 51 … … 65 … 2 … … … 2 … … 6 34 … … … … … … 65 … … … 54 … … … 5 … 1 … 37 2 Pregnant women with HIV receiving antiretrovirals to prevent MTCT g (%) MDG 6 AntiCase-detection retroviral rate for all forms of therapy tuberculosis h coverage (%) among people eligible for treatment g (%) Treatment-success Member State rate for new tuberculosis cases i (%)

2013 … 42 … 62 19 ... 93 … … … ... 3 90 16 … ... 3 ... >95 … … ... 39 >95 ... ... 75 ... … ... ... ... ... 75 ... … … 73 … ... 88 ... 28 65 11 76 78

2013 ... 14 ... 35 39 ... 16 ... ... ... ... 5 42 5 ... 18 7 43 49 ... ... ... 10 57 30 ... 30 ... ... 16 37 ... ... 38 26 ... ... 37 ... 40 24 ... 42 33 15 52 48

2000 87 61 87 56 … 87 30 85 85 83 40 27 58 … 87 67 50 22 69 89 78 89 21 32 87 … 40 88 93 85 79 43 48 29 59 32 89 67 87 85 64 75 77 56 67 69 56

2013 … 84 87 68 120 87 63 85 95 89 70 43 69 39 86 66 46 67 38 88 88 74 68 80 87 67 52 72 90 87 88 80 80 73 84 50 89 79 86 87 89 78 65 76 88 68 42

2000 0 78 73 52 … 82 77 71 82 84 81 83 63 … … 79 75 68 … 79 … 78 77 69 86 … … 93 68 91 73 81 86 63 … 74 … 78 83 85 80 88 76 92 72 67 69

2012 … 70 64 84 84 85 90 75 88 81 88 88 77 52 71 86 75 66 72 83 … 53 83 81 86 89 86 100 63 89 88 84 70 77 71 76 80 90 84 78 84 91 82 91 88 85 81 San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Table 4

MDG 4 Measles 2000 2013 DTP3 2013 HepB3 2013 Hib3 2013

2007–2014

Ranges of country values Minimum Median Maximum 4 19 56 4 47 86 34 95 100 10 77 100 10 97 100 <1 19 56 50 85 99 20 80 99 8 88 99 25 93 99 3 94 99 23 93 99 4 93 99

WHO region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region 24 9 13 10 18 6 28 74 60 68 48 80 77 96 77 … 78 95 48 90 70 … 48 … 51 96 68 98 67 96 4 38 10 25 22 25 75 87 87 90 79 85 58 80 59 83 67 94 53 93 65 91 72 85 74 92 78 95 78 97 75 90 77 96 82 96 76 89 74 81 83 92 72 90 27 83 60 18

Income group Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income 22 15 6 10 41 54 79 69 75 78 94 … 40 67 … … 51 64 97 99 6 10 32 28 81 81 86 91 56 61 90 84 59 64 87 91 80 76 95 94 80 75 94 96 80 74 94 77 79 42 39 75

Global a.

Update for the MDG Database. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; 2014.(http://www.un.org/en/development/ desa/population/theme/mdg/index.shtml). Contraceptive prevalence refers to any method. The group-level estimates are weighted averages of model-based country estimates for the reference year (2012) from Estimates and Projections of Family Planning Indicators 2014 (http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/ theme/family-planning/cp_model.shtml) using as the weight the number of married or in-union women aged 15–49 in 2012. The number of married or in-union women in each country is from: Estimates and Projections of the Number of Women Aged 15–49 Who Are Married or in a Union: 2013 Revision (http://www.un.org/en/ development/desa/population/theme/marriage-unions/marriage_estimates.shtml). WHO global database on maternal health indicators, 2015 update [online database]. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/gho/maternal_health/en/). Antenatal care coverage (at least 1 visit) only includes visits to a skilled provider (doctor, nurse and/or midwife). Antenatal care coverage (at least 4 visits) includes visits to any care provider. Births attended by skilled health personnel refer to doctor, nurse and/or midwife. Proportion of neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus through maternal immunization with tetanus toxoid, based on a mathematical model taking into account the mother’s immunization in infancy, during pregnancy and in tetanus campaigns. WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_ surveillance/data/en/). Estimates based on data available up to July 2014. This indicator applies only to countries where tetanus is recommended for girls and women and therefore WHO regional, income-group and global estimates relate only to these same Member States.

Measles = measles-containing vaccine (MCV); DTP3 = 3 doses of diphtheriatetanus pertussis vaccine; HepB3 = 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine; Hib3 = 3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine. WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www. who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/data/en/). Estimates based on data available up to July 2014. For countries recommending the first dose of measles vaccine in children older than 12 months of age, the indicator is calculated as the proportion of children less than 24 months of age receiving one dose of MCV. Complete coverage estimates are available online at the above web site. Data compiled from DHS and MICS, accessed in January 2015 (http://dhsprogram. com and http://mics.unicef.org/). Vitamin A supplementation data refer to the 6 months preceding the survey. Data on children receiving oral rehydration salts (ORS) and/or recommended home fluids (RHF) and data on children who were ill with a cough accompanied by rapid breathing (ARI symptoms) and who were taken to a health facility and/or received antibiotics refer to the 2 weeks preceding the survey. Global averages, as well as the estimates made for WHO regions and incomegroups, are weighted by population and prevalence using available survey data. This method may differ from the one previously used to calculate such figures. UNICEF online malaria databases, September 2014 update [online database]. New York: UNICEF; 2014 (http://data.unicef.org/child-health/malaria). GlobalupdateonthehealthsectorresponsetoHIV,2014.Geneva:WorldHealthOrganization; 2014 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/128494/1/9789241507585_eng. pdf?ua=1, accessed 6 February 2015). WHO regional and global estimates include lowand middle-income countries only. Income groups were derived using the 2011 World Bank list of economies. For uncertainty ranges see: http://www.who.int/gho/hiv/en/.

2013

2000

2013

2000

2012

4 61 98

22 61 97

7 49 88

19 59 92

2 37 77

0 24 65

2 60 >95

1 31 70

0 71 110

11 80 120

0 78 100

0 83 100

Minimum Median Maximum

59 36 … … 46 84

49 58 … … 62 71

36 46 … … 50 65

49 59 … … 42 61

… … … … … …

68 93 26 … 26 58

37 44 33 22 10 32

36 71 41 62 23 38

52 77 62 83 58 83

71 76 50 75 81 90

81 75 88 76 87 92

African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

63 52 … …

50 61 … …

43 45 … …

50 43 … …

… … … …

71 44 88 …

38 28 41 …

34 39 43 78

60 57 80 85

78 56 81 67

88 87 87 71

Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

…

Global

The case-detection rate for all forms of tuberculosis is the estimated number of new and relapse tuberculosis cases diagnosed and treated in national tuberculosis control programmes and notified to WHO, divided by WHO’s estimate of the number of incident tuberculosis cases for the same year, expressed as a percentage. Global Tuberculosis Report 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www. who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/). For uncertainty ranges see the full report. WHO regional, income-group and global estimates include territories. The proportion of new tuberculosis cases registered in a given year (excluding cases placed on a second-line drug regimen) that successfully completed treatment with or without bacteriological evidence of success. Global Tuberculosis Report 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www.who.int/tb/publications/ global_report/en/). WHO regional, income-group and global estimates include territories. ORT includes ORS or recommended fluids or increased fluids. Definition of skilled personnel differs from standard definition. Data only include information from Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. Five or more visits. Institutional births. Skilled personnel not defined. Separate surveys for Wallonie, Brussels and the Flemish region all report institutional births above 99% between 2010 and 2012. Includes only public health facilities. Data from the public system only.

Caesarean section covered by the Costa Rican Social Security Fund (Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social – CCSS). Three or more visits. Data from national health institutions only. Includes only ORS. Mean number of visits reported is more than six. Six or more visits. The figure includes data from government and private hospitals. Deliveries in Ministry of Health institutions only. Separate datasets for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland report figures of 24.9, 26.9, 28.9 and 29.1 respectively.

t. u. v. w. x. y. z. aa.

j. k. l.

m. n. o. p.

q. r.

Table 4

100

2015 5. Risk factors Table 5 presents information on indicators for certain risk factors that are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. These preventable risk factors include: unsafe water and lack of sanitation; use of solid fuels in households; poor infant-feeding practices; childhood undernutrition and overnutrition; anaemia in women; diabetes; hypertension; obesity; harmful consumption of alcohol; use of tobacco; and unsafe sex. Unsafe water supplies and inadequate levels of sanitation and hygiene increase the transmission of diarrhoeal diseases (including cholera), trachoma, and hepatitis. The use of solid fuels in households is a proxy indicator for household air pollution. Using solid fuels such as wood, charcoal and crops is associated with increased mortality from pneumonia and other acute lower respiratory diseases among children, as well as increased mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer (where coal is used) and other diseases among adults. Child growth is the most widely used measure of children’s nutritional status. Included in the estimates presented in Table 5 are the four indicators: “wasted”; “stunted”; “underweight” (which is an MDG indicator); and “overweight”. Stunting (i.e. low height-for-age) reflects the cumulative effects of undernutrition and infections since birth – and even before birth. Evidence of this condition indicates chronic malnutrition, which is likely to have serious and long-lasting impacts on health. Being underweight may reflect wasting (i.e. low weight-for-height) which indicates acute weight loss and/or stunting. Thus, it is a composite indicator that is more difficult to interpret. Fewer data are available on the number of overweight children, although it is known that many countries face a double burden of malnutrition (with high numbers of underweight or stunted children) in some population groups coupled with high numbers of overweight children in other groups. In adults, diabetes, hypertension and being overweight or obese increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and several types of cancer. These risks also contribute to non-fatal diseases such as arthritis and loss of vision due to diabetic retinopathy. Once considered a problem only in high-income countries, obesity is on the rise in low- and middle-income countries. The prevalence of hypertension is highest in some low-income countries with public health interventions having reduced its prevalence in many high-income countries. The prevalence of current tobacco smoking is an important predictor of the future burden of tobaccorelated diseases. Harmful use of alcohol can cause alcohol dependence, hepatic cirrhosis, cancer and injuries. Data on risk factors and health-related behaviours are generally drawn from household surveys. It is important to note that the reliability of these estimates depends upon the overall quality of the sampling frames and methods used; on interviewer training, data-quality assurance procedures, and statistical data analyses; and on the ability and willingness of respondents to provide accurate responses. Where data from household surveys are not available, statistical techniques may be used to develop estimates.

101

Table 5

5. Risk factors Member State MDG 7 Population using Population using improved sanitation a improved a drinking-water sources (%) (%) Population Infants using exclusively b solid fuels breastfed for the first (%) 6 months of life c (%) Wasted 1990 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo … … 94 100 42 97 94 … 100 100 70 … 95 68 95 100 100 73 57 … 69 97 92 88 … 100 44 69 … 22 51 100 59 40 90 67 88 87 … 100 93 76 98 … 100 100 100 43 2000 22 96 89 100 46 98 96 93 100 100 74 97 99 76 99 100 100 85 66 86 79 98 95 93 … 100 60 72 83 42 62 100 62 45 95 80 90 92 69 100 95 78 98 91 100 100 100 44 2012 64 96 84 100 54 98 99 100 100 100 80 98 100 85 100 100 100 99 76 98 88 100 97 98 … 99 82 75 89 71 74 100 68 51 99 92 91 … 75 100 97 80 99 94 100 100 98 46 1990 … 79 89 100 29 75 86 … 100 100 … … 99 33 82 95 100 76 5 … 28 … 39 67 … 99 8 42 … 3 40 100 15 8 85 24 69 18 … … 88 15 98 81 100 100 … 17 2000 23 84 92 100 42 85 92 89 100 100 62 89 99 45 90 95 100 83 9 35 37 95 52 75 … 100 12 44 44 16 42 100 17 10 92 45 75 28 13 92 91 18 98 87 100 100 61 23 2012 29 91 95 100 60 … 97 91 100 100 82 92 99 57 … 94 100 91 14 47 46 95 64 81 … 100 19 47 65 37 45 100 22 12 99 65 80 … 15 97 94 22 98 93 100 100 82 31 2013 80 37 <5 <5 54 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 6 <5 <5 89 <5 <5 <5 14 94 36 23 59 37 5 <5 11 p 95 >95 31 88 78 <5 >95 >95 7 45 14 74 74 17 5 81 8 7 <5 <5 92 95 2007–2014 54 39 … … … … 33 35 … … … … … 64 20 19 12 o 15 33 49 60 19 20 … … 2 38 69 … 74 20 26 34 3 44 28 43 12 21 … 33 12 52 49 … 18 o 69 37 Stunted Children aged < 5 years d (%) Prevalence of anaemia among women aged 15–49 years e (%)

MDG 1 Underweight 1990 –1995 … … 9.2 … … … 1.7 … … … … … 7.6 61.5 … … … 5.4 … … 9.7 … … … … … 29.6 … 11.8 … 18.0 … 23.3 … 0.8 12.6 6.3 16.2 … … 2.5 20.9 0.6 … … 0.9 … 30.7 2007 –2014 25.0 6.3 … … 15.6 … … 5.3 0.2 … … … … 35.1 3.5 … … 6.2 … 12.8 4.5 1.5 11.2 2.2 … … 24.4 29.1 … 29.0 15.1 … 23.5 30.3 0.5 3.4 3.4 16.9 11.8 … 1.1 15.7 … … … … 15.2 23.4

Overweight 2007 –2014 5.4 23.4 … … … … 16.8 8.0 … … … … 2.6 12.2 … … 7.9 … 7.6 8.7 17.4 11.2 7.3 … … 2.8 2.9 … 1.9 6.5 … 1.8 2.8 10.1 6.6 4.8 10.9 3.6 … 8.1 3.2 … … … … 0.0 4.4 2011 33 22 33 17 45 25 16 26 17 19 33 23 38 43 23 22 18 22 50 44 32 24 29 20 20 24 50 21 38 44 42 17 46 47 12 20 19 31 51 … 19 49 25 23 28 23 25 49

2007–2014 9.5 9.4 … … 8.2 … … 4.2 0.0 … … … … 18.1 6.8 … … 3.3 … 5.9 1.4 2.3 7.2 1.6 … … 10.9 6.1 … 10.8 5.8 … 7.4 15.7 0.3 2.3 0.9 11.1 5.9 … 1.0 7.6 … … … … 4.0 8.1 40.9 23.1 … … 29.2 … … 20.8 1.8 … … … … 38.7 7.7 … … 19.3 … 33.6 27.2 8.9 31.4 7.1 … … 32.9 57.5 … 40.9 32.6 … 40.7 38.7 1.8 9.4 12.7 32.1 25.0 … 5.6 29.6 … … … … 27.9 42.6

102

2015 Prevalence of raised fasting blood glucose among adults aged ≥ 18 years f (%) Prevalence of raised blood pressure among adults aged ≥ 18 years g (%) Adults aged ≥18 years who are obese h (%) Alcohol per capita consumption (≥15 years) i (litres of pure alcohol) MDG 6 Prevalence of Prevalence of Population Prevalence of smoking any current tobacco use condom use aged 15–24 tobacco product among adolescents by adults aged years with among adults aged 13–15 years k 15–49 years comprehensive aged ≥15 years j correct during higher(%) knowledge of risk sex l (%) HIV/AIDS m (%) (%) Male 2010 4.1 18.7 30.8 30.5 14.2 38.7 28.9 22.0 28.8 16.3 26.1 42.5 42.8 5.1 38.2 25.5 18.2 28.8 14.5 8.8 22.2 19.4 32.3 22.7 20.1 24.5 9.2 4.5 17.4 4.6 17.1 29.1 8.0 12.3 32.2 8.0 25.7 11.0 15.7 55.1 29.5 13.8 24.1 31.5 25.7 27.3 3.1 7.1 0.7 7.0 1.0 13.8 7.5 5.4 9.3 5.3 12.2 10.3 2.3 6.9 2.1 0.2 6.8 17.5 11.0 8.5 2.1 0.7 5.9 7.1 8.4 8.7 0.9 11.4 6.8 9.3 6.9 5.5 8.4 10.2 3.8 4.4 9.6 6.7 6.2 0.2 3.9 6.4 5.4 6.0 12.2 5.2 9.2 13.0 3.7 3.6 2012 … 52.1 … 38.5 … … 31.8 54.8 18.4 37.4 48.6 … 40.1 43.7 13.2 49.4 28.0 … 16.4 … 33.6 49.0 … 21.0 29.2 45.2 33.1 … 20.2 45.2 33.7 … … … 41.7 49.0 17.2 24.4 32.1 … 19.8 … 39.4 53.2 … 38.0 … … … 8.2 … 28.4 … … 20.8 1.7 14.7 35.9 0.4 … 6.9 1.1 1.1 11.0 20.9 … 1.1 … 18.6 31.2 … 12.4 3.4 30.4 5.1 … 3.9 3.5 0.9 … … … 37.4 2.0 6.9 7.1 1.7 … 9.2 … 32.3 19.8 … 28.9 … … Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 2007–2013 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 22 … 35 … … … … … 27 14 … … 43 … … … … … … 37 34 … … 36 … … … … … 16 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 30 … … … … … … … 62 14 … … 37 … … … … … 34 15 39 … … 30 … … … … … 9 2007–2013 … 22 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 31 … 28 … … … … … 36 47 … 44 34 … … … … … … … 28 … … 25 … … … … … 21 … 36 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 25 … 22 … … … … … 31 45 … 44 29 … … … … … 24 … 14 … … 16 … … … … … 15 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Bahamas Member State Male 2014 9.9 8.6 14.0 9.8 13.0 12.9 9.9 10.9 7.6 7.0 14.3 12.7 18.0 9.6 14.2 9.5 6.1 11.0 9.4 12.7 6.7 10.4 11.4 8.5 11.9 9.4 9.1 5.0 10.6 8.2 9.3 8.1 8.5 11.0 10.6 10.6 8.5 9.1 9.7 30.8 9.3 8.4 9.1 8.2 9.6 9.3 5.4 6.2 9.3 7.5 14.3 7.1 11.2 14.5 8.2 12.1 5.6 4.4 15.8 13.0 16.2 9.2 15.7 8.1 4.2 13.7 8.6 12.1 8.5 8.8 12.4 7.2 11.2 7.5 7.2 5.2 9.1 8.2 8.6 6.1 8.2 8.8 9.5 8.2 8.5 9.1 9.1 27.2 8.7 7.0 6.5 9.5 6.8 6.9 5.9 6.0 28.5 31.4 28.1 23.2 31.8 24.5 26.3 29.0 18.4 23.1 27.7 26.1 26.1 25.1 25.2 34.4 22.5 24.4 30.3 27.7 19.7 30.9 30.3 26.4 22.6 33.4 32.8 29.5 33.7 24.4 28.8 15.7 32.9 33.1 25.4 20.4 24.2 28.8 31.0 25.3 23.8 30.7 33.0 23.3 23.5 33.2 22.1 32.1 Female Male Female 2014 29.5 24.5 27.6 14.4 31.1 19.4 17.6 24.2 12.4 14.8 24.5 18.0 22.6 26.1 20.4 24.3 13.3 21.2 30.7 26.9 15.9 25.9 29.7 20.4 16.0 23.7 33.5 32.2 29.8 24.4 27.9 11.0 33.0 34.2 17.6 17.0 19.7 29.2 28.4 21.0 18.6 28.9 23.0 19.3 15.8 21.0 20.0 31.5 1.8 16.5 18.8 28.5 6.0 22.8 23.6 17.2 28.4 20.5 19.0 29.7 30.5 2.1 24.4 21.0 22.3 16.1 4.1 4.9 12.1 16.3 12.7 17.3 16.2 21.8 3.2 0.7 8.6 1.7 5.8 26.8 2.2 4.0 23.3 5.9 16.1 2.2 6.4 46.6 19.2 4.7 22.5 19.0 21.9 26.2 1.6 1.6 Male Female 2014

2007–2014 ... 17.6 17.4 ... ... 24.3 22.7 10.9 ... ... 11.4 16.0 n ... 9.2 34.5 ... ... 21.8 ... 39.0 20.9 16.3 27.0 ... 17.1 n 26.4 ... 20.7 14.7 7.9 ... ... ... 20.9 ... 11.2 ... 21.8 27.6 33.7 15.9 26.3 28.6 19.8 28.7 35.0 ... ... ... 6.7 2.6 ... ... 15.9 25.4 4.3 ... ... 2.1 10.7 n ... 2.8 23.2 ... ... 15.3 ... 23.2 16.4 10.5 20.5 ... 6.7 n 31.8 ... 16.8 11.7 5.0 ... ... ... 13.9 ... 2.2 ... 14.8 20.4 36.3 13.1 10.9 27.9 15.0 10.8 37.8 ... ...

103

Table 5

5. Risk factors Member State MDG 7 Population using Population using improved sanitation a improved a drinking-water sources (%) (%) Population Infants using exclusively b solid fuels breastfed for the first (%) 6 months of life c (%) Wasted 1990 Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho 100 77 … 89 74 93 75 … 43 99 13 85 100 100 … 76 85 100 54 96 97 81 52 36 77 61 73 96 100 70 70 92 78 100 100 100 93 100 97 94 43 50 99 73 … 98 100 78 2000 100 82 94 86 80 96 84 51 54 99 29 91 100 100 84 83 89 100 71 99 97 87 63 52 86 61 81 99 100 81 78 94 80 100 100 100 93 100 97 94 52 59 99 79 45 98 100 79 2012 100 92 … 81 86 99 90 … … 99 52 96 100 100 92 90 99 100 87 100 97 94 75 74 98 62 90 100 100 93 85 96 85 100 100 100 93 100 96 93 62 67 99 88 72 98 100 81 1990 100 62 … 73 57 72 50 … 9 95 2 57 100 100 … … 96 100 7 97 98 62 8 … 76 19 48 100 100 18 35 71 … 99 100 … 79 100 97 96 25 28 100 91 … … … … 2000 100 62 81 77 70 86 61 89 11 95 8 74 100 100 39 61 95 100 10 98 98 71 13 12 79 21 63 100 100 25 47 79 75 99 100 … 80 100 98 97 27 34 100 91 28 79 98 24 2012 100 61 … 82 83 96 70 … … 95 24 87 100 100 41 60 93 100 14 99 98 80 19 20 84 24 80 100 100 36 59 89 85 99 100 … 80 100 98 97 30 40 100 92 65 … … 30 2013 <5 17 <5 9 <5 <5 19 44 63 11 >95 40 <5 <5 20 95 46 <5 83 <5 <5 64 >95 >95 6 92 50 11 <5 64 39 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 11 <5 <5 9 84 45 p <5 26 >95 5 <5 62 p

Children aged < 5 years d (%)

Stunted

MDG 1 Underweight 1990 –1995 2007 –2014 … 29.8 … 4.0 6.4 6.8 6.6 5.6 38.8 … 25.2 … … … 6.5 17.4 1.1 … 13.4 … … 13.0 18.7 18.1 11.1 11.6 7.1 … … … 19.9 4.1 8.5 … … … 3.2 … 3.0 3.7 16.4 14.9 2.2 2.8 26.5 … … 13.5

Prevalence of anaemia among women aged 15–49 years e (%)

Overweight 2007 –2014 … 8.1 … 7.6 7.5 20.5 5.7 9.7 1.9 … 2.6 … … … 7.7 1.9 19.9 … 2.6 … … 4.9 3.8 3.2 6.7 3.6 5.2 … … … 11.5 … 11.8 … … … 4.0 … 4.7 13.3 5.0 … 9.5 7.0 2.0 … … 7.3 2011 18 27 25 26 24 35 23 45 33 24 19 27 18 19 51 45 28 18 56 20 26 26 48 45 34 37 18 24 17 48 23 28 31 17 17 19 24 22 28 30 25 21 22 32 31 24 27 27

2007–2014 17 … … 7 44 53 31 7 69 … 52 … 1o … 6 34 55 … 46 1o … 50 21 38 33 40 31 44 … 42 53 20 … … … 24 … 23 32 32 69 … 56 40 16 o … 54 o o

2007–2014 … 21.5 … 2.4 2.3 7.9 1.6 3.1 15.3 … 8.7 … … … 3.4 9.5 1.6 … 6.2 … … 1.1 9.9 5.8 5.3 5.2 1.4 … … … 13.5 4.0 7.4 … … … 3.5 … 2.4 4.1 7.0 … 2.4 2.8 6.4 … … 3.9 … 33.5 … 7.1 25.2 30.7 20.6 26.2 50.3 … 40.4 … … … 17.5 23.4 11.3 … 22.7 … … 48.0 31.3 32.2 19.5 21.9 22.7 … … … 36.4 6.8 22.6 … … … 4.8 … 7.8 13.1 35.2 … 4.3 12.9 43.8 … … 39.0

… … … 8.4 … 10.5 7.2 … 36.9 … 43.3 6.9 … … … … … … 25.1 … … 21.7 21.2 … 16.1 23.7 15.8 … … 56.6 29.8 13.8 10.4 … … … 4.0 … 4.8 6.7 20.1 … 9.2 … 39.8 … … 13.8

13 o

104

2015 Prevalence of raised fasting blood glucose among adults aged ≥ 18 years f (%) Prevalence of raised blood pressure among adults aged ≥ 18 years g (%) Adults aged ≥18 years who are obese h (%) Alcohol per capita consumption (≥15 years) i (litres of pure alcohol) MDG 6 Prevalence of Prevalence of Population Prevalence of smoking any current tobacco use condom use aged 15–24 tobacco product among adolescents by adults aged years with among adults aged 13–15 years k 15–49 years comprehensive aged ≥15 years j correct during higher(%) knowledge of risk sex l (%) HIV/AIDS m (%) (%) Male 2010 17.0 13.5 33.0 29.5 22.9 37.5 27.0 22.7 6.9 22.9 6.6 42.3 19.6 24.0 22.5 15.8 24.0 18.5 18.9 23.8 34.3 23.9 10.3 10.8 31.6 16.6 24.1 23.9 21.5 6.7 7.9 32.0 30.5 25.3 27.0 21.6 35.7 3.2 38.6 25.0 11.1 48.5 45.9 17.3 4.9 25.1 37.7 24.0 11.4 1.3 7.1 6.9 7.2 0.4 3.2 6.6 1.1 10.3 4.2 3.0 12.3 12.2 10.9 3.4 7.7 11.8 4.8 10.3 12.5 3.8 0.7 4.0 8.1 6.4 4.0 13.3 7.1 4.3 0.6 1.0 0.5 11.9 2.8 6.7 4.9 7.2 0.7 10.3 4.3 3.0 0.1 4.3 7.3 12.3 2.4 6.5 2012 21.0 … … 19.1 15.1 45.9 … … … 43.6 8.9 40.6 25.0 31.1 … … 58.6 33.6 12.1 54.3 … … … … … 21.2 37.2 34.5 19.3 22.8 71.8 22.9 47.1 24.2 r 41.7 29.1 29.5 36.3 r 63.6 46.3 25.7 67.3 … 50.2 59.8 50.5 43.0 50.1 19.0 … … 10.3 3.6 0.4 … … … 25.4 0.5 12.8 19.6 25.8 … … 5.8 28.7 0.5 34.2 … … … … … 2.7 2.4 26.5 16.9 2.4 4.0 1.1 6.4 23.5 r 20.1 19.8 6.4 11.3 r 10.0 9.7 2.3 42.6 … 3.8 10.7 24.4 29.4 0.4 Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 2007–2013 … … … 46 … … … … … … 16 … … … 51 … … … 26 … … … 25 … 65 47 44 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 37 … … 66 … … … 52 … … … 38 … … … … … … 47 … … … 44 … … … 18 … … … 32 … 48 43 33 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 32 … … 21 … … … 39 2007–2013 … … … 41 … … … … … … 34 … … … 36 … … … 34 … … … 32 … 47 28 35 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 55 … … … … … … 29 … … … 45 … … … … … … 24 … … … 30 … … … 28 … … … 20 … 54 35 33 … … … … … … … … … … … 13 … 47 … … … … … … 39 Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Fiji Member State Male 2014 6.2 9.2 8.4 9.5 7.9 17.2 10.3 17.3 6.8 9.5 7.6 16.6 7.8 7.7 12.9 10.2 14.3 7.3 8.7 7.9 10.6 10.3 7.9 8.2 10.6 7.9 9.0 9.6 8.3 9.7 8.5 11.6 16.5 9.3 6.9 7.9 9.8 9.4 14.6 13.7 7.2 21.8 21.0 10.2 8.6 8.7 13.7 8.9 4.1 8.2 11.4 10.4 8.5 20.6 10.7 14.2 6.6 6.7 7.2 18.8 5.6 5.0 11.2 9.6 13.6 5.1 7.9 6.4 13.2 10.6 7.2 7.8 13.1 8.0 9.9 6.6 4.9 9.2 9.0 12.7 17.2 6.7 5.8 5.4 13.2 5.7 15.3 12.8 8.0 21.0 18.9 12.0 8.7 6.8 11.5 12.1 26.0 31.8 25.8 25.7 19.9 25.6 23.3 30.9 29.6 38.3 30.2 25.2 24.5 26.3 31.7 32.6 30.0 24.2 29.9 21.9 25.1 23.3 30.8 32.6 23.4 26.4 24.3 34.6 26.1 25.9 24.0 24.1 28.0 21.3 21.5 23.4 24.5 21.4 26.3 30.4 28.7 23.0 29.1 28.8 23.7 36.1 25.8 27.7 Female Male Female 2014 14.2 28.0 20.2 21.1 15.5 26.3 20.0 28.6 30.6 26.0 32.2 22.8 15.4 16.0 26.3 30.6 25.4 14.9 27.6 15.0 20.8 21.7 32.2 32.7 21.5 26.0 21.8 23.1 14.0 24.8 22.6 23.3 27.8 14.9 13.8 16.0 19.8 12.7 22.9 24.2 27.6 20.6 22.6 27.1 24.5 24.4 20.6 32.0 21.7 5.6 18.5 18.2 14.4 20.3 15.9 12.5 1.4 22.2 1.5 30.8 21.6 23.8 12.9 5.8 17.2 21.9 5.4 21.9 18.1 13.0 3.2 3.6 14.4 7.2 12.4 24.0 24.1 3.2 3.5 20.1 17.2 25.9 23.5 20.4 18.4 3.4 22.7 21.6 2.8 32.9 35.5 11.5 2.1 22.0 26.3 4.1 Male Female 2014

2007–2014 ... 18.6 n 30.4 24.3 ... 20.0 18.2 25.1 ... 33.8 ... 17.5 ... ... ... ... 16.5 ... 14.1 19.3 q 24.5 19.7 30.8 ... 25.3 ... ... 33.0 ... 19.0 36.2 32.9 12.1 n ... ... 20.6 q 31.3 ... 34.1 12.2 12.8 43.2 25.0 12.3 18.7 39.4 41.9 q 26.4 ... 15.2 n 19.8 14.0 ... 3.8 11.0 17.3 ... 27.8 ... 10.1 ... ... ... ... 7.8 ... 10.6 13.3 q 16.7 13.3 20.0 ... 16.0 ... ... 28.0 ... 8.3 4.3 19.5 4.6 n ... ... 26.3 q 24.6 ... 19.4 7.8 6.7 31.6 11.3 4.5 6.0 41.4 31.4 q 21.7

105

Table 5

5. Risk factors Member State MDG 7 Population using Population using improved sanitation a improved a drinking-water sources (%) (%) Population Infants using exclusively b solid fuels breastfed for the first (%) 6 months of life c (%) Wasted 1990 Liberia Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis … 54 87 100 29 42 88 93 28 100 92 30 99 82 91 100 62 97 73 34 56 67 … 66 100 100 74 34 46 99 100 79 85 90 84 34 53 74 84 … 96 100 … … 75 93 60 98 2000 61 54 91 100 38 62 96 95 45 100 93 40 99 89 90 100 68 98 78 41 67 79 93 77 100 100 80 42 55 99 100 84 88 92 90 35 73 81 88 … 98 100 93 93 84 95 66 98 2012 75 … 96 100 50 85 100 99 67 100 95 50 100 95 89 100 85 98 84 49 86 92 96 88 100 100 85 52 64 99 100 93 91 … 94 40 94 87 92 … 100 100 98 97 … 97 71 98 1990 … 97 84 100 8 10 84 68 15 100 65 16 89 66 19 100 … … 52 8 … 24 66 6 100 … 43 5 37 … 100 82 27 46 60 20 37 54 57 … 94 100 100 … 71 74 30 … 2000 14 97 89 100 11 10 92 79 18 100 70 21 89 75 34 100 49 90 64 14 61 28 66 21 100 … 48 7 32 79 100 89 37 81 67 19 58 63 66 89 98 100 100 79 72 72 47 87 2012 17 97 94 100 14 10 96 99 22 100 76 27 91 85 57 100 56 90 75 21 77 32 66 37 100 … 52 9 28 100 100 97 48 100 73 19 80 73 74 … 100 100 100 87 … 70 64 … 2013 >95 <5 <5 <5 >95 >95 <5 <5 >95 <5 33 57 <5 15 41 <5 63 38 <5 >95 93 54 6 80 <5 <5 53 >95 75 10 <5 <5 58 <5 15 67 42 34 54 <5 <5 <5 <5 8 21 <5 >95 <5 2007–2014 55 … … 6o 42 71 … 48 20 … 27 27 … 14 … … 66 … … 43 24 24 67 70 18 o … 31 23 17 … … … 38 … 14 … 24 72 34 4 … … 50 36 … … 85 … Stunted Children aged < 5 years d (%) Prevalence of anaemia among women aged 15–49 years e (%)

MDG 1 Underweight 1990 –1995 … 4.3 … … 35.5 24.4 22.1 32.5 … … … 43.3 13.0 … … … 10.8 … 8.1 23.9 28.8 21.5 … 44.1 … … 9.6 41.0 35.1 … … 21.4 39.0 … … … 2.8 8.8 29.9 … … 4.8 … … 5.0 … 24.3 … 2007 –2014 15.3 5.6 … … … 16.7 … 17.8 … … … 19.5 … 2.8 … … 1.6 1.0 3.1 15.6 22.6 13.2 4.8 29.1 … … 5.7 37.9 31.0 … … 8.6 31.6 … 3.9 27.9 2.6 3.5 19.9 … … … 0.6 2.2 … … 11.7 …

Overweight 2007 –2014 3.2 22.4 … … … 5.1 … 6.5 … … … 1.2 … 9.0 … … 10.5 22.3 10.7 7.9 2.6 4.1 2.8 1.5 … … 6.2 3.0 4.9 … … 1.7 4.8 … … 13.8 11.8 7.2 5.0 … … … 6.7 4.9 … … 7.1 … 2011 49 28 23 18 32 29 21 37 56 17 20 39 23 14 18 … 20 24 33 44 30 33 … 36 18 15 13 47 49 … 17 35 51 … 25 30 19 18 25 23 19 28 19 26 24 21 17 …

2007–2014 5.6 6.5 … … … 3.8 … 10.2 … … … 11.6 … 1.6 … … 1.0 2.8 2.3 6.1 7.9 7.1 1.0 11.2 … … 1.5 18.7 18.1 … … 7.1 10.5 … 1.2 14.3 2.7 0.6 7.9 … … … 0.9 1.9 … … 3.0 … 32.1 21.0 … … 49.2 42.4 … 20.3 … … … 22.0 … 13.6 … … 10.8 9.4 14.9 43.1 35.1 23.1 24.0 40.5 … … 23.0 43.0 36.4 … … 9.8 45.0 … 19.1 49.5 10.8 18.4 30.3 … … … 2.5 6.4 … … 44.3 …

106

2015 Prevalence of raised fasting blood glucose among adults aged ≥ 18 years f (%) Prevalence of raised blood pressure among adults aged ≥ 18 years g (%) Adults aged ≥18 years who are obese h (%) Alcohol per capita consumption (≥15 years) i (litres of pure alcohol) MDG 6 Prevalence of Prevalence of Population Prevalence of smoking any current tobacco use condom use aged 15–24 tobacco product among adolescents by adults aged years with among adults aged 13–15 years k 15–49 years comprehensive aged ≥15 years j correct during higher(%) knowledge of risk sex l (%) HIV/AIDS m (%) (%) Male 2010 10.6 39.5 28.3 19.7 8.6 8.9 16.0 10.8 9.9 28.5 48.9 13.6 24.3 33.1 43.7 ... 18.8 20.7 28.3 8.7 4.3 28.2 51.6 4.6 18.3 30.8 23.2 6.8 16.3 49.0 21.7 37.7 7.3 52.2 33.1 33.4 19.5 26.5 6.6 26.7 20.3 49.7 6.7 17.9 22.7 27.4 6.6 35.3 4.7 0.1 15.4 11.9 1.8 2.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 7.0 … 0.1 3.6 7.2 3.3 … 6.9 8.7 0.9 2.3 0.7 10.8 3.5 2.2 9.9 10.9 5.0 0.3 10.1 8.0 7.7 0.9 0.1 7.9 8.0 3.0 8.8 8.1 5.4 12.5 12.9 1.5 12.3 16.8 14.4 15.1 9.8 8.2 2012 25.4 … 40.5 27.4 … 26.6 44.9 39.0 32.6 31.5 … 38.9 41.3 23.3 … … 49.3 … 42.5 33.4 35.2 36.4 45.4 38.7 28.1 … … 15.9 15.9 21.9 25.5 18.9 40.6 … 12.5 … 31.3 … 45.8 34.9 32.4 … 51.7 r 44.6 39.5 60.3 23.4 … 2.7 … 21.9 22.3 … 6.6 1.6 4.1 3.4 21.5 … 4.0 3.5 7.6 … … 5.8 … 1.7 6.2 7.7 12.0 53.7 13.9 24.7 … … 0.2 1.2 12.0 24.9 1.0 3.6 … 2.9 … 9.0 6.5 9.2 26.1 14.0 … 4.4 r 5.4 23.4 22.5 5.7 … Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 2007–2013 24 … … … 7 25 … … 10 … … … … … … … … … … 26 … 74 … … … … … 4 20 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 28 … 20 … … … 8 27 … … 10 … … … … … … … … … … 31 … 66 … … … … … 2 29 … … … … … … … … 32 … … … … … … … … 29 … 2007–2013 29 … … … 26 45 … … 33 … … … … … … … … … … 52 … 53 … 34 … … … 25 34 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 46 … 36 … … … 23 42 … … 24 … … … … … … … … … … 30 … 59 … 26 … … … 13 24 … … … … … … … … 22 15 … … … … … … … 52 … Liberia Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Mauritania Member State Male 2014 7.8 16.8 10.6 8.7 7.2 8.1 11.8 10.8 9.4 8.3 20.0 9.3 12.7 10.8 21.4 ... 11.6 7.5 13.8 8.0 6.6 10.2 25.6 10.0 6.5 8.9 9.3 7.6 8.3 27.9 8.3 17.2 10.7 24.5 10.4 16.6 7.6 7.8 7.2 10.0 8.7 23.4 9.4 9.0 7.8 9.0 6.0 14.9 7.8 17.3 8.4 5.1 6.4 8.0 10.3 10.0 7.8 6.3 19.8 10.0 11.1 10.5 23.6 ... 11.5 6.4 13.1 7.7 7.5 10.5 23.5 8.9 4.7 6.9 10.7 7.3 7.5 27.4 5.2 15.1 10.9 21.4 10.5 15.2 7.2 8.5 7.5 7.8 5.9 21.4 6.5 9.8 6.8 9.1 6.2 16.8 31.5 27.0 35.2 27.2 30.0 29.1 24.5 23.0 33.2 24.5 24.6 35.0 27.4 23.7 24.2 ... 34.3 32.8 27.7 30.3 23.6 30.0 25.9 25.9 22.4 19.1 24.2 33.1 28.1 24.6 23.2 27.0 28.9 26.5 23.7 23.2 25.9 16.4 23.5 33.4 26.6 27.0 13.2 33.9 31.8 33.5 28.3 26.1 Female Male Female 2014 31.4 24.0 24.3 15.2 29.6 30.1 19.8 20.1 34.0 15.2 20.9 32.8 23.1 18.5 23.0 ... 28.0 23.1 28.0 31.0 23.9 29.9 21.1 27.1 13.8 13.1 22.5 35.9 27.5 22.2 13.7 24.7 26.8 22.1 18.6 24.2 20.8 12.5 20.7 23.1 18.0 22.1 8.4 28.2 23.2 24.5 29.7 21.6 2.7 26.6 23.1 26.6 2.2 1.6 10.6 5.0 3.8 24.6 36.9 5.8 11.2 22.8 31.0 ... 14.6 19.3 16.2 1.8 1.4 9.2 39.7 1.8 21.4 27.7 10.8 1.9 5.9 37.7 24.6 27.2 3.7 43.1 20.6 22.6 13.1 15.8 3.6 23.5 19.8 40.0 4.8 11.4 20.5 20.3 1.2 21.2 Male Female 2014

2007–2014 ... 11.0 38.4 ... 33.2 16.7 35.1 15.2 23.1 ... 29.4 27.5 20.3 21.6 52.1 ... 20.3 6.6 11.3 ... 30.0 31.9 ... 24.6 ... 18.7 ... 11.8 ... 14.1 ... 4.9 ... 54.1 15.1 55.4 20.8 21.5 18.8 17.0 n ... 25.2 8.8 14.9 12.2 ... 13.3 10.4 ... 5.0 28.8 ... 14.3 11.4 9.4 6.7 8.8 ... 21.6 17.7 7.7 17.7 35.7 ... 8.3 5.9 6.6 ... 6.8 29.9 ... 16.4 ... 21.5 ... 5.6 ... 18.5 ... 1.7 ... 36.7 10.2 40.3 12.9 16.5 9.3 19.0 n ... 13.1 3.6 5.8 10.1 ... 9.5 7.8

107

Table 5

5. Risk factors Member State MDG 7 Population using Population using improved sanitation a improved a drinking-water sources (%) (%) Population Infants using exclusively b solid fuels breastfed for the first (%) 6 months of life c (%) Wasted 1990 Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe 93 88 89 … … 92 60 99 96 37 100 100 100 … … 81 … 100 68 67 … 39 100 100 86 … 86 99 … 48 99 90 82 85 … 90 42 … 100 100 55 98 95 90 62 90 61 66 49 79 2000 94 93 93 … 78 95 66 100 96 47 100 100 100 80 23 87 … 100 79 62 89 52 100 100 88 60 92 99 54 53 99 92 89 93 83 94 56 97 100 100 54 99 97 89 76 92 77 60 53 80 2012 94 95 99 … 97 97 74 99 96 60 100 100 100 81 … 95 57 100 94 55 95 74 100 100 90 72 96 99 70 61 99 … 97 100 71 98 75 98 100 100 53 99 99 87 91 … 95 55 63 80 1990 58 63 93 … … 92 35 96 97 11 99 100 100 … … 58 … 100 68 27 … 49 100 100 85 … 82 … … 13 95 93 73 84 98 73 26 … 97 100 7 100 92 84 … 82 37 24 41 41 2000 62 73 92 … 21 97 43 96 97 12 100 100 100 25 22 65 … 100 79 25 81 52 100 100 89 90 91 90 37 12 94 92 82 87 98 78 30 95 97 100 9 100 94 91 42 89 54 39 41 40 2012 … … 92 … 34 100 52 97 97 13 100 100 100 29 … 74 9 100 92 24 80 57 100 100 96 94 93 91 39 11 91 92 90 91 99 83 34 94 98 100 12 100 96 100 58 … 75 53 43 40 2013 <5 <5 62 <5 71 <5 61 31 <5 >95 <5 <5 <5 92 >95 12 >95 <5 74 70 11 61 <5 <5 <5 30 23 33 93 95 44 <5 <5 <5 <5 16 >95 <5 <5 <5 >95 <5 <5 12 85 <5 47 32 82 71 2007–2014 … … 51 … 51 … 39 14 … 32 … 49 o … 74 … … 45 29 o 76 41 3 44 14 o … 43 34 12 23 52 62 52 … 9 42 11 35 63 20 … 1o 50 19 o 57 … 40 … 17 10 61 31 Stunted Children aged < 5 years d (%) Prevalence of anaemia among women aged 15–49 years e (%)

MDG 1 Underweight 1990 –1995 2007 –2014 2.8 … … … 14.4 … 16.8 1.8 3.6 18.1 … … … 11.5 … 8.7 27.6 … 26.3 32.2 5.8 5.8 … … 10.1 13.3 9.2 1.3 45.3 16.5 … … 2.3 1.9 … 1.6 14.1 … … … 13.4 0.5 4.5 … 11.7 2.9 12.0 35.5 14.9 11.2

Overweight 2007 –2014 6.3 … … … 11.6 … 1.5 13.9 10.2 8.9 … … … 2.5 … … 6.0 … 0.6 … 4.0 10.7 … … 17.9 6.6 10.9 12.4 5.8 1.6 … … 14.3 10.9 … 6.3 3.8 … … … 5.5 6.0 7.7 … 4.7 6.4 4.6 1.5 8.4 3.6 2011 26 25 18 … 43 40 57 25 21 45 22 23 24 25 43 28 … 18 26 31 25 28 18 19 31 25 24 19 22 53 19 25 28 29 32 … 27 23 26 15 40 12 17 52 22 22 14 38 29 28

2007–2014 3.7 … … … 11.2 … 8.9 3.9 4.3 9.4 … … … 4.3 … 4.7 22.7 … 21.4 16.4 5.0 0.8 … … 11.5 9.9 6.7 1.8 18.9 4.8 … … 2.8 1.7 … 3.3 4.8 … … … 3.8 0.5 1.1 … 5.9 4.1 4.4 13.3 5.6 3.3 2.5 … … … 31.6 … 19.2 6.0 7.9 37.9 … … … 32.8 … 23.9 31.1 … 14.7 35.0 8.8 31.0 … … 27.5 26.8 16.3 4.9 57.7 29.8 … … 10.1 9.5 … 10.0 33.7 … … … 34.7 2.1 11.7 … 25.9 13.4 23.3 46.6 45.8 27.6

… … … … … 13.5 19.0 … … 25.4 … … … … … 8.0 … … 33.8 … … … … … 11.5 … 16.3 … … … … … 8.1 8.7 … … 21.5 … … … 25.1 0.9 … … … 6.7 36.9 29.6 21.2 11.7

108

2015 Prevalence of raised fasting blood glucose among adults aged ≥ 18 years f (%) Prevalence of raised blood pressure among adults aged ≥ 18 years g (%) Adults aged ≥18 years who are obese h (%) Alcohol per capita consumption (≥15 years) i (litres of pure alcohol) MDG 6 Prevalence of Prevalence of Population Prevalence of smoking any current tobacco use condom use aged 15–24 tobacco product among adolescents by adults aged years with among adults aged 13–15 years k 15–49 years comprehensive aged ≥15 years j correct during higher(%) knowledge of risk sex l (%) HIV/AIDS m (%) (%) Male 2010 33.9 30.9 51.3 ... 18.2 41.4 14.6 20.5 35.9 12.0 6.8 26.7 25.5 33.7 7.2 37.3 11.1 24.7 9.5 11.1 32.9 27.8 18.6 16.5 29.9 17.3 11.1 20.9 3.2 11.9 50.1 38.0 33.8 35.8 23.1 46.4 8.3 22.6 45.1 29.2 11.4 34.7 30.6 18.9 41.5 29.4 4.8 23.4 14.3 18.5 10.4 6.6 3.6 … 7.1 0.2 0.6 12.6 5.6 8.7 2.0 13.0 11.6 1.7 0.5 11.0 … 11.2 3.7 2.7 6.6 5.7 9.2 10.7 1.2 2.8 7.1 6.7 0.6 2.3 1.6 6.7 1.5 2.0 4.3 1.5 9.8 13.9 4.3 11.6 7.7 9.2 7.6 4.6 1.4 8.9 6.6 0.3 4.0 5.7 2012 … … 44.8 … 13.9 26.3 22.1 45.5 44.0 55.0 27.7 40.7 23.6 … … 32.1 … 33.7 28.8 … … 18.2 22.3 28.3 … … 42.3 … … … 48.4 … … 42.7 … … 18.1 51.4 … 21.8 r 29.2 … 30.0 25.9 … … 47.6 … … 31.5 … … 20.1 … 1.9 3.0 0.8 39.8 9.2 13.4 5.2 18.1 18.9 … … 7.4 … 28.0 0.5 … … 2.4 23.0 20.9 … … 2.4 … … … 13.3 … … 13.5 … … 3.2 14.4 … 19.7 r 4.0 … 22.0 1.3 … … 1.4 … … 2.3 Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 2007–2013 … … … … … … 21 … … 13 … … … … … … … … … … … 56 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 19 46 … … 24 … … … … … … … 28 33 … … … … … … 22 … … 5 … … … … … … … … … … … 55 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 31 48 … … 27 … … … … … … … 33 48 2007–2013 … … … … 43 … 31 … … 30 … … … … … … … … … … … 52 … … … … … … 20 … … … … … … … 40 43 … … 43 … … … … … … … 37 47 … … … … 43 … 29 … … 29 … … … … … … … … … … … 52 … … … … … … 12 … … … … … … … 38 45 … … 48 … … … … … … … 34 52 Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Member State Male 2014 15.0 10.1 23.7 ... 9.7 19.3 9.3 8.5 15.9 8.2 10.3 10.2 10.4 16.1 7.1 12.3 9.5 8.9 9.4 9.5 11.5 11.1 7.7 7.0 13.3 12.0 9.7 8.5 7.6 8.5 24.1 16.4 13.3 13.3 15.0 20.9 6.0 8.3 19.1 8.9 7.5 9.4 9.5 11.6 19.6 9.7 6.5 15.4 8.0 6.0 15.4 11.1 26.7 ... 8.5 16.9 8.9 7.1 13.8 7.8 6.7 7.6 8.2 17.6 6.6 13.5 10.6 6.1 10.0 10.6 12.5 14.2 5.1 4.0 14.5 12.3 9.7 7.0 7.1 8.1 27.9 17.1 13.4 13.5 15.2 20.1 6.4 7.7 17.6 6.7 7.7 7.5 8.5 12.4 18.5 8.4 6.5 15.7 8.5 7.8 26.5 25.2 23.7 ... 30.8 28.0 31.7 33.2 27.7 31.7 17.2 32.5 33.0 22.9 34.6 29.3 31.9 23.0 21.6 31.9 25.2 28.1 24.4 22.2 26.3 27.3 22.9 31.0 26.0 31.4 23.4 24.7 25.5 23.0 28.0 24.9 28.4 33.4 25.5 18.0 28.8 15.9 25.9 26.8 25.0 23.7 23.4 30.3 30.0 28.8 Female Male Female 2014 21.8 20.6 20.6 ... 28.1 24.6 31.3 24.9 20.5 32.4 11.1 22.4 23.0 25.7 32.4 27.1 29.3 15.0 20.8 29.3 21.0 29.7 14.5 13.6 25.3 27.1 19.9 23.5 27.4 31.7 21.4 21.2 24.6 22.9 25.4 22.1 28.4 25.2 21.5 12.5 28.9 11.1 18.2 25.5 24.7 17.8 21.1 32.6 28.1 31.6 19.7 17.9 36.0 ... 6.2 29.9 4.8 18.6 17.1 3.1 5.7 24.6 24.6 21.8 2.1 15.7 4.0 22.8 3.4 4.0 19.4 7.5 22.5 22.3 17.4 9.9 5.7 18.3 1.2 3.0 36.4 24.1 20.3 22.9 17.1 34.5 1.6 17.1 33.8 26.9 2.8 32.6 22.5 12.1 29.4 20.3 2.3 11.1 3.4 2.4 Male Female 2014

2007–2014 24.5 23.6 25.8 10.9 q 30.7 21.2 14.9 18.2 q 27.1 ... ... 29.7 17.4 43.9 ... 24.3 ... ... 15.7 9.5 20.7 15.8 ... ... 31.6 ... 26.9 11.9 65.5 11.3 44.9 20.0 20.1 20.3 ... ... 19.3 22.6 ... ... ... 12.4 q 21.4 ... 34.1 11.0 6.5 23.9 24.9 ... 17.3 14.6 20.4 11.6 q 22.7 9.1 6.2 17.4 q 25.3 ... ... 27.6 21.5 37.0 ... 19.0 ... ... 5.4 4.3 16.6 8.6 ... ... 17.4 ... 9.2 11.7 23.9 4.3 28.0 16.3 3.8 12.8 ... ... 15.8 15.7 ... ... ... 10.0 q 24.5 ... 19.6 7.2 1.5 9.9 25.8 ...

109

Table 5

5. Risk factors Member State MDG 7 Population using Population using improved sanitation a improved a drinking-water sources (%) (%) Population Infants using exclusively b solid fuels breastfed for the first (%) 6 months of life c (%) Wasted 1990 2000 2012 1990 2000 2012 2013 2007–2014 Stunted Children aged < 5 years d (%) Prevalence of anaemia among women aged 15–49 years e (%)

MDG 1 Underweight 1990 –1995 2007 –2014

Overweight 2007 –2014 2011

2007–2014

Ranges of country values Minimum Median Maximum 13 88 100 22 90 100 40 95 100 2 73 100 7 79 100 9 85 100 <5 44 >95 1 34 85 0.0 5.1 22.7 1.8 24.0 57.7 0.6 16.1 61.5 0.2 11.5 45.3 0.0 6.3 23.4 12 25 57

WHO region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region 50 90 70 95 85 71 57 93 80 97 83 82 66 96 91 98 87 93 27 80 25 91 53 36 29 84 35 91 60 53 33 88 45 93 68 70 79 9 63 <5 29 40 36 … … … 40 29 10.3 1.0 14.5 1.2 8.6 2.7 39.4 7.4 34.2 7.2 26.4 9.3 34.1 4.7 46.7 9.8 22.2 17.4 24.9 1.9 26.4 1.4 14.1 3.7 6.2 7.4 4.3 12.4 7.3 5.4 39 17 42 23 38 20

Income group Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income 52 70 74 98 58 80 84 99 69 88 93 99 19 29 43 96 30 38 59 96 37 48 74 96 91 56 30 <5 47 33 29 … 8.8 12.5 2.2 … 36.8 35.2 8.0 … 39.9 38.3 12.5 … 21.4 24.4 2.7 … 4.7 4.8 6.7 … 36 41 21 18

Global a.

7.7

24.5

24.8

15.0

6.3

Progress on sanitation and drinking-water: 2014 Update. Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation. New York: UNICEF, and Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. These estimates are modelled according to methods described in Bonjour S, Adair-Rohani H, Wolf J, Bruce NG, Mehta S, Prüss-Ustün A et al. Solid fuel use for household cooking: country and regional estimates for 1980–2010. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(7):784–90. doi:10.1289/ehp.1205987 based on the WHO Household Energy database (available at: http://www.who.int/indoorair/ health_impacts/he_database/en/). This database contains compiled information on cooking fuel use and cooking practices from about 716 nationally representative data sources, including all DHS (Macro International), MICS (UNICEF), World Health Surveys (WHO) and Living Standards Measurement Studies (World Bank) as well as national censuses/surveys and national energy statistics. For high-income countries with a Gross National Income (GNI) of more than US$ 12 746 per capita (the World Bank, http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups, accessed July 2014) in any given year, solid fuel use is assumed to be less than 5% (Rehfuess E, Mehta S, Prüss-Üstün A. Assessing household solid fuel use: multiple implications for the Millennium Development Goals, Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114(3):373– 78). Data prepared by the Data and Analytics Section; Division of Data, Research and Policy, UNICEF New York and WHO Programme of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, Regional Office for Europe, 2014. WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [online database]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/database/en, accessed 15 January 2014). 2013 Joint child malnutrition estimates – Levels and trends (http://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/estimates2013/en/). For the reference period 1990–1995, figures refer to the first available survey year in the period. For the reference period 2007–2014, figures refer to the latest available survey year in

the period. Wasted is calculated as the prevalence of low weight-for-height less than -2 standard deviations; underweight is the prevalence of weight-for-age less than -2 standard deviations; stunting is the prevalence of height-for-age less than -2 standard deviations; and overweight is the prevalence of weight-for-height above +2 standard deviations (using the WHO Child Growth Standards median). Global estimates refer to 2013 for wasted, stunting and overweight, and 1990 and 2013 for underweight. For more information see the above databases. e.

Anaemia is defined as haemoglobin (Hb) < 110 g/L (pregnant women) or < 120 g/L (non-pregnant women). Global anaemia prevalence and trends 1995–2011. Geneva: World Health Organization; forthcoming. Methods, data sources and uncertainty ranges are available in Stevens GA, Finucane MM, Maria De-Regil L, Paciorek CJ, Flaxman SR, Branca F et al. Global, regional, and national trends in haemoglobin concentration and prevalence of total and severe anaemia in children and pregnant and non-pregnant women for 1995–2011: a systematic analysis of populationrepresentative data. The Lancet Global Health. 2013;1(1):e16–e25. Income-group estimates are based on the 2012 World Bank list of economies. Percentage of population aged 18 years and over with fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/ dl (7.0 mmol/l) or on medication for raised blood glucose. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http:// www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-status-report-2014/en/). See Annex 4: Country estimates of noncommunicable diseases mortality and selected risk factors, 2010 (baseline) and latest available data. Figures reported are age-standardized point estimates, and uncertainty ranges are available at the WHO Global Health Observatory web site (http://www.who.int/gho/en/). Income-group estimates are based on the 2013 World Bank list of economies. Percentage of population aged 18 years and over with raised blood pressure (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90). Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014

110

2007–2014

5.0 9.5 30.8

4.0 8.8 27.9

13.2 26.4 38.3

8.4 23.1 35.9

0.7 17.2 46.6

3.1 22.9 55.1

0.1 6.5 17.5

8.9 33.6 71.8

0.2 9.1 53.7

4.9 20.9 65.5

1.5 14.0 41.4

4 28 74

2 32 66

20 34 55

12 30 59

Minimum Median Maximum

8.7 9.3 9.4 9.0 13.4 10.2

8.5 8.1 9.1 7.6 13.8 7.8

29.7 20.8 25.3 27.1 27.5 20.6

29.5 15.6 24.2 19.7 26.4 16.7

5.5 24.0 3.2 21.5 14.6 5.9

15.2 29.6 6.8 24.5 23.6 7.9

6.0 8.4 3.5 10.9 0.7 6.8

24.2 22.8 32.1 39.0 36.2 48.5

2.4 13.3 2.6 19.3 2.9 3.4

… 17.0 21.0 … 21.3 12.4

… 13.8 7.4 … 9.7 3.5

… … … … … …

36 … … … … …

29 … … … … …

African Region Region of the Americas European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

8.0 9.7 10.6 9.2

7.8 9.5 9.0 6.9

27.7 26.2 22.4 22.3

28.2 24.7 18.7 15.1

2.2 5.1 10.5 22.6

7.3 10.4 15.8 24.3

3.1 4.1 6.7 10.3

30.5 32.4 42.7 32.8

3.1 2.9 5.2 17.8

16.7 20.6 16.2 …

8.2 8.0 7.9 …

… … … …

37 … … …

32 … … …

Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

9.8

8.6

24.0

20.5

10.7

15.2

6.2

36.1

6.8

18.2

8.3

…

Global

(http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-status-report-2014/en/). See Annex 4: Country estimates of noncommunicable diseases mortality and selected risk factors, 2010 (baseline) and latest available data. Figures reported are age-standardized point estimates, and uncertainty ranges are available at the WHO Global Health Observatory web site (http://www.who.int/gho/en/). Income-group estimates are based on the 2013 World Bank list of economies. h.

African Region as the complete set of estimates is available for the years 2000– 2025. k.

WHO database on tobacco control [online database]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www.who.int/gho/tobacco/en/). Global Youth Tobacco Survey data relate to most-recent survey for each country between 2007 and 2013 on tobacco use in any form in the past 30 days. Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 years who had more than one sexual partner in the past 12 months reporting the use of a condom during their last sexual intercourse. Data compiled from Demographic and Health Surveys, February 2015 (http://dhsprogram.com). Percentage of women and men aged 15–24 years who both correctly identify ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV and reject major misconceptions about HIV transmission. Data compiled from Demographic and Health Surveys, February 2015 (http://dhsprogram.com). Data refer to tobacco smoking only. Data refer to exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months. These estimates are lower than the standard measure of exclusive breastfeeding averaged over the first 6 months. As no solid fuel use information was available for the country, regional populationweighted estimates were used instead. Estimates in countries without survey data should be interpreted with caution, and provide indicative values only. Data refer to cigarette smoking only. Data refer to cigarettes only.

Percentage of population aged 18 years and over with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-statusreport-2014/en/). See Annex 4: Country estimates of noncommunicable diseases mortality and selected risk factors, 2010 (baseline) and latest available data. Figures reported are age-standardized point estimates, and uncertainty ranges are available at the WHO Global Health Observatory web site (http://www.who.int/gho/en/). Income-group estimates are based on the 2013 World Bank list of economies. WHO Global Information System on Alcohol and Health [online database]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012 (http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main. GISAH?showonly=GISAH). Definition of indicator: total (sum of three year average recorded and unrecorded) amount of alcohol consumed per person aged 15 and above over a calendar year, in litres of pure alcohol. Recorded alcohol consumption refers to official statistics (production, import, export, and sales or taxation data), while the unrecorded alcohol consumption refers to alcohol which is not taxed and is outside the usual system of governmental control. Income-group estimates are based on the 2013 World Bank list of economies. WHO database on tobacco control [online database]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://www.who.int/gho/tobacco/en/). Definition of indicator, unless otherwise indicated: smoking at the time of the survey any form of tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, bidis, etc. South Sudan is included in the WHO

n. o.

q. r.

111

Table 5

South-East Asia Region

6. Health systems Table 6 presents data on the resources available to health systems, such as workforce (physicians, nurses and midwives, other health-care workers); infrastructure (hospitals and psychiatric beds); medical technologies and devices (computed tomography units, radiotherapy units and mammography units); and access to essential medicines.1 Such data are essential in enabling governments to determine how best to meet the health-related needs of their populations. For example, mental health services depend primarily on trained human resources such as mental health specialists (for example, psychiatrists), psychosocial workers (for example, psychologists) and non-specialist health workers such as primary care staff. The density of psychiatrists is the most widely available and reliable indicator of the human resources available to mental health services, and provides a crude proxy of mental health system capacity. Estimates of health personnel densities refer to the active health workforce – i.e. those currently participating in the health labour market. Data are derived from multiple sources, including national population censuses, labour-force and employment surveys, health-facility assessments, and routine administrative information systems.2 Due to the wide diversity of available information sources, there is considerable variability in the coverage and quality of data. Figures may be underestimated or over-estimated where it is not possible to determine whether or not they include health workers in the private sector, or to identify the double counting of health workers holding two or more jobs at different locations. In addition, health service providers may be working outside the health-care sector, working in unpaid and/or unregulated conditions, or not currently engaged in the national health labour market. The density of psychiatric beds provides an estimate of national capacity to treat serious mental disorders that require brief or extended inpatient care. The density of psychiatric beds in any country should be interpreted alongside other resources for mental health care, since beds very often account for a high proportion of all the resources allocated to mental health care. Medical devices are indispensable in the prevention, diagnosis or treatment of a disease and in rehabilitation and palliative care. As essential basic equipment is still not available everywhere, a United Nations Commission on Life Saving Commodities will be addressing the availability of basic neonatal resuscitation units – along with 13 other commodities. At present, the density of computed tomography scanners, radiotherapy equipment and mammography units acts as an indicator of the availability of expensive high-end equipment for diagnostic imaging and cancer radiotherapy. Data on the availability of medicines are poor in most developing countries. However, data on the availability and consumer prices for selected generic medicines have been derived from surveys conducted using WHO/Health Action International (HAI) standard methods between 2001 and

MDG 8; Target 8.E: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries. These include registries on public expenditure, staffing and payroll, as well as records of professional training, registration and licensure.

112

2015

2012. In individual surveys, availability is reported as the percentage of medicine outlets in which a medicine was found on the day of data collection. As baskets of medicines differ by country, results are not strictly comparable across countries. The consumer price ratio is an expression of how much more – or less – the local medicine price is than the international reference price.

113

Table 6

6. Health systems Member State Physicians a Density of health workforce (per 10 000 population) Nursing and midwifery personnel a,b Dentistry personnel a,c Pharmaceutical personnel a,d Psychiatrists e Density of health infrastructure and technologies Hospitals f (per 100 000 population) Psychiatric beds e (per million population)

2007–2013 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo 2.7 11.5 12.1 40.0 1.7 … 38.6 27.0 32.7 48.3 34.0 28.2 9.2 3.6 … 39.3 29.9 8.3 0.6 2.6 4.7 19.3 4.0 18.9 14.4 38.7 0.5 … 3.1 1.7 0.8 20.7 0.5 … 10.2 14.9 14.7 … 1.0 13.3 11.1 1.4 28.4 67.2 23.3 36.2 … … 5.0 38.5 19.5 47.7 16.6 … … 48.3 106.5 79.1 65.4 41.4 23.7 2.2 … 106.4 167.6 19.6 7.7 9.8 10.1 56.0 33.5 76.0 80.5 47.8 5.7 … 5.6 7.9 4.4 92.9 2.6 … 1.4 16.6 6.2 … 8.2 64.4 7.7 4.8 58.0 90.5 44.6 84.3 … … <0.05 i … 3.3 8.7 … … … 3.9 i 5.4 i 5.7 2.6 i 3.4 2.4 0.3 i … 5.5 i 7.5 i 0.4 i <0.05 i 0.3 1.1 i 2.2 i 0.8 12.2 i 4.2 9.1 i <0.05 i … 0.1 i 0.2 <0.05 i 12.6 <0.05 … <0.05 i … 9.2 i … … 10.6 1.2 i 0.1 i 7.2 10.7 i 7.2 i 7.1 … … 0.5 i 7.5 2.4 11.5 i … … … 0.5 i 10.2 6.9 2.1 i 4.8 1.5 i 0.6 i … 3.4 i 25.6 3.9 i <0.05 i i i

2014 <0.05 0.1 0.2 … … … … 0.6 0.9 … 0.4 … 0.5 <0.05 0.2 0.8 2.0 0.1 <0.05 0.1 0.1 0.4 <0.05 0.3 0.3 0.8 <0.05 <0.05 … <0.05 … 1.3 <0.05 … … 0.2 0.3 … <0.05 … 0.1 <0.05 … 1.0 0.3 1.4 … <0.05 i

2013 0.4 j 1.4 … … … 1.1 j … 4.0 … … 8.0 j 1.1 … 0.2 1.1 7.4 j … 2.1 0.4 1.1 1.0 1.3 … 1.4 … 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.6 j 0.8 2.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 j … … 0.7 j … … 0.8 1.7 1.5 j 2.0 j 7.5 1.3 6.9 j 0.4 j j j j j

2014 0.6 22.5 10.7 … … … … 50.0 343.3 … 43.1 … 16.8 3.5 202.1 71.0 168.3 16.5 4.2 20.9 8.7 0.0 12.0 13.0 11.8 47.7 1.0 1.2 … 0.1 … 0.0 0.7 … … 16.8 8.7 … 0.9 … 6.8 1.2 … 66.8 15.0 94.1 … 0.4

0.2 i 0.7 i 1.2 i 2.1 7.2 i 4.0 … 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 <0.05 i 10.3 <0.05 … <0.05 i 2.7 i … … 0.2 4.4 1.8 i 0.2 i 7.0 i 4.1 1.7 i 7.6 … <0.05 i

1.7 j

114

Density of health infrastructure and technologies Computed tomography units f (per million population) 2013 0.2 5.4 … … 0.4 22.2 … 3.0 … 28.5 13.2 … … 7.0j 6.2j … 12.1 0.3 1.3 … 16.5 1.0j … 7.2 … 0.6 0.2 2.0 1.2 0.6 13.8 0.0 0.1m 12.6 … … 1.4 … … 5.1 0.7 14.9 4.8j 25.4 13.0 … 0.1 j

Essential medicines MDG 8 Median availability of selected generic medicines g (%) Public Private 2007–2013 Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines h Public Private

2015 Member State

Radiotherapy units f (per million population) 2013 0.0 0.3 0.4k … <0.05j … 2.8k 1.3 4.0j 5.4j 1.6j 2.6 … 0.1k 3.5j 3.1j 8.3k 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6k 2.9 0.0j 1.7k … 2.1k 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 8.1k 0.0 … 0.9j 1.1k 1.4k 0.0 … … 2.3 0.0 3.0 1.2 2.6 4.9 0.2k <0.05

Mammography units f (per million females aged 50–69 years) 2013 0 54.4 … … 6.3 j 272.1 … 22.5 … … 30.7 j 106.6 … … 29 j 17.5 j … 258 16.1 0 … 182.7 19.1 j … 91.9 … 13.6 2.7 140.6 … 17.4 … 4.7 4.7 32.2 j … … 31.3 … … 150.3 0 206.5 15.6 j 329.6 97 … 0.7

81.1 … … … … … … … … … … 43.2 … … … … … … … … 31.9 … … 0.0 l … … 87.1 46.7 … … … … … … … 15.5 n 86.7 … 21.2 100.0 … … … … … … … 55.6

94.0 … … … … … … … … … … 42.9 … … … … … … … … 86.7 … … 76.7 l … … 72.1 58.3 … … … … … … … 13.3 n 90.7 … 31.3 33.3 … … … … … … … 65.4

… … … … … … … … … … … 2.2 … … … … … … … … 3.5 … … … … … 2.2 1.7 … … … … … … … 1.6 n … … 6.5 … … … … … … … … 2.0

… … … … … … … … … … … 15.9 … … … … … … … … 4.5 … … 11.3 l … … 2.9 2.8 … … … … … … … 1.4 n 3.1 … 11.5 4.5 … … … … … … … 2.3

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Benin

1.1j

115

Table 6

2007–2013 Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia 34.9 … … 14.9 17.2 28.3 16.0 … … 32.4 0.3 4.3 29.1 31.9 … 1.1 42.7 38.9 1.0 … … 9.3 … 0.7 2.1 … … 30.8 34.8 7.0 2.0 … 6.1 26.7 33.4 37.6 4.1 23.0 25.6 36.2 2.0 3.8 17.9 19.7 1.8 35.8 32.0 … 0.1 167.9 8.0 … 13.3 21.6 35.2 4.1 … … 63.8 2.5 22.4 108.6 93.0 … 8.7 32.2 114.9 9.3 … … 9.0 … 5.9 5.3 … … 64.8 155.9 17.1 13.8 … … … 49.6 … 10.9 114.9 40.5 82.6 8.6 37.1 45.5 62.2 8.8 34.4 27.2 … 2.7 7.9 i 1.2 i … 1.9 i 2.9 i 4.2 i 6.5 i … … 8.9 i … 2.0 i 7.3 i 6.6 i … 0.3 … 8.1 i 0.1 … … 1.8 i … 0.1 0.6 … … 5.6 i 8.2 i 1.0 i 1.0 … 1.5 i … 7.0 i … 0.9 7.9 i 9.0 i 3.9 i 0.2 i 1.7 i 3.5 i 1.8 i 0.4 i 6.6 i 14.7 i … <0.05 i … 3.2 … … 0.6 i i

2014 1.0 <0.05 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 … 0.0 1.4 … 0.1 1.8 1.4 … <0.05 0.6 0.7 <0.05 0.8 0.2 <0.05 <0.05 … <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 i

2013 1.0 j … 5.6 … 0.3 j

2014 52.4 0.0 55.3 1.8 9.3 6.6 6.2 … 5.5 54.8 … 2.3 210.6 89.6 … 5.2 34.6 86.1 6.0 51.1 94.1 3.3 0.7 … 27.4 1.7 4.1 96.9 198.7 2.1 4.0 16.4 5.1 … 43.8 44.5 j j

16.7 i 3.2 i … … 6.3 i 0.3 0.9 i 11.1 i 10.9 … 0.5 … 6.2 i 0.7 … 8.5 i … … 0.1 1.2 … … 5.7 10.9 i 5.0 i 1.0 i 5.4 1.7 i 11.7 7.8 i … 0.6 21.5 i 21.4 i 8.4 i 0.5 i 2.1 i i

0.6 j 0.5 j … 0.4 1.9 j 0.2 0.0 1.4 … 3.5 0.7 j 2.2 … 1.4 … 0.9 0.3 j 0.4 56.4 3.4 0.2 0.4 j 1.0 … 0.4 … 1.0 … 0.6 2.1 0.8 … 1.9 3.5 1.5 0.0 … 2.6 j 2.2 j 1.6 3.1 … 0.4 j j

0.4 2.6 <0.05 <0.05 0.2 <0.05 … 1.2 1.1 0.1 1.2 0.1 … … … 0.3 0.3 <0.05 1.2 0.1 <0.05 …

3.6 j

30.4 284.7 7.5 … … … 17.2 31.3 0.4 115.9 0.9 11.7 …

3.0 i 0.6 i 1.2 i 6.1 15.7 i … 0.8

116

Density of health infrastructure and technologies Computed tomography units f (per million population) 2013 23.8 … 13.9 … 1.6 … 4.7 … 0.3 15.5 0.4 3.4 20.1j … 3.6 1.1 8.8 … 0.2 j j

Essential medicines MDG 8 Median availability of selected generic medicines g (%) Public Private 2007–2013 … … … 52.0 41.7 … 58.4 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 17.6 … … … … 65.5 96.7 … … … … … … … 40.0 … … … … … … … … … … … … 65.0 71.1 … 78.6 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 54.3 … … … 2.8 o 57.8 96.7 … … … … … … … 86.7 … … … 70.0 … … … … … … … … 1.2 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 4.8 … … … 33.1 o 1.8 1.3 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 9.4 5.0 … 16.4 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 7.3 … … … 86.3 o 2.0 1.3 … … … … … … … … … … … 3.4 … … … … … Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines h Public Private

2015 Member State

Radiotherapy units f (per million population) 2013 9.6 … 0.0 1.2k 0.1j 0.8k 1.1 … 0.0 2.3 <0.05 0.0 7.4j 7.5k 0.6 0.0m 1.4 6.4k 0.1j 4.3 0.0 0.6k 0.0j 0.0 1.3m … 0.7 1.8 6.1 0.4k 0.1k 0.9k

Mammography units f (per million females aged 50–69 years) 2013 138.4 … 206.7 … … … 70 … 16.6 … … 28.8 223.2 j … 73.1 16.5 40.7 … … 438.4 134.6 … 0j 0 70 m 19.5 50.9 103.6 139 … … … 35.4 j 23.2 j 112.3 … 51.3 227.3 129.1 22.1 j 6.8 j 0 … 16.4 j 0 … 370.2 … …

Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Ghana

33.2 18.9 … 0.0 0.0 3.8m 0.3m 2.1 6.6 39.4 … … … 2.2 7.5 … 1.4 5.5 1.5j 0.2 0.0 … 0.9 0.7 … 25.1 … … j j j

0.2j 3.9j 3.4 6.4k 1.1 7.2k 0.8 1.3j <0.05 0.0 1.2k 0.5k 0.0 5.4k 1.9 … …

4.5j

101.2

117

Table 6

2007–2013 Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia 19.0 41.2 29.0 1.6 0.2 12.0 14.2 0.8 34.9 4.4 1.3 … 21.0 1.8 71.7 28.4 21.1 6.2 0.4 6.1 3.7 7.1 … … 27.4 9.0 0.2 4.1 30.0 42.8 24.3 8.3 13.8 16.5 0.6 12.3 11.3 … 22.2 41.0 77.4 21.4 29.8 24.5 … 0.6 … 1.1 68.0 71.7 126.1 … 3.4 32.8 50.4 4.3 74.9 17.4 6.7 … 25.3 33.2 172.2 36.2 54.1 8.9 4.1 10.0 27.8 49.3 … 83.8 108.7 13.6 1.4 16.1 160.0 172.7 53.8 5.7 57.1 14.0 5.7 10.0 15.1 … 61.6 61.1 118.7 50.1 64.0 56.2 … 6.9 … … 6.0 i 7.5 i 8.9 i <0.05 i 0.1 3.6 0.9 i 0.1 4.7 i 1.6 i 0.3 … 1.2 i 3.5 10.4 i 2.3 i 0.4 i 0.8 i … 0.7 0.4 i 2.1 … … 4.6 i 0.4 i <0.05 i 0.2 i 40.0 8.8 i 2.8 i 0.6 i 2.5 i 2.8 i 0.2 i 1.6 i 1.5 i … 3.3 i 7.6 i … 4.5 i 5.0 i 6.4 i … 0.1 … 1.7 i 3.6 i 7.4 i 7.3 … 0.2 4.3 6.7 i 0.1 i 11.2 0.4 … … 1.4 27.1 i 4.6 i 1.7 i 2.7 i 0.6 … 1.8 5.0 1.4 2.1 i 10.1 i … <0.05 1.1 10.0 i 6.8 i 18.8 … 0.5 i … 0.5 i … 0.5 i 8.9 7.0 i 10.2 i … 6.7 i i i

2014 0.1 1.7 2.0 <0.05 … 0.1 0.4 <0.05 … 0.0 … 0.1 0.1 0.1 4.1 … 0.9 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 … <0.05 2.0 … … <0.05 <0.05 … 4.6 0.4 <0.05 … 0.4 <0.05 0.2 0.1 <0.05 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.1 <0.05 … 0.1

2013 2.6 2.2 1.1 0.5 0.4 6.7 0.5 j 0.9 3.8 1.0 1.0 j 3.5 j 4.8 10.6 2.5 j 2.1 j … … 0.6 j 1.9 9.9 j 0.4 … 1.0 j 0.5 … … … 1.3 j 0.5 … 0.9 1.6 2.4 j … 1.8 0.9 j … … 3.4 2.1 1.7 j … … 7.4 1.6 j j

2014 9.6 98.8 89.4 1.3 … 14.0 47.5 1.0 … 0.0 … 82.0 3.4 5.8 149.7 … 46.8 6.3 2.5 3.0 12.0 … 0.2 0.0 … … 0.9 1.5 … 84.5 5.9 5.6 … 9.9 1.3 6.0 4.0 6.1 64.4 21.7 3.5 172.4 126.6 71.8 102.8 2.9 … 53.4

0.5 j

1.5 i

0.8 j

5.4 i 7.2 i … 0.1 … …

118

Density of health infrastructure and technologies Computed tomography units f (per million population) 2013 9.7 20.2 18.9 0.1 0.3 6.4 5.8 0.2j 9.3 19.0 1.5 6.4 3.7 0.0 132.2 8.1 16.1 1.2j … 0.1j 4.8 … … 12.2 … 0.5j 0.2 … … … 6.9 0.3 … 9.6 0.4 1.0 … 1.1 10.6j 27.4 8.3 35.4 5.4 5.4 … … 18.5 11.0 Radiotherapy units f (per million population) 2013 1.0 3.6 3.8 <0.05 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.1 4.7 0.0 0.3k 2.4 0.5 0.0 26.4 0.7j 3.2 0.4j … 0.1j 0.4 … 0.2k 7.2 6.2k 0.3j 0.0 0.1k … 8.1k 0.6 0.1 … 1.6 0.1 0.6 1.1k 0.2 2.7j 4.1 0.9 3.0m 0.6 1.2 2.3k … 0.0 0.0 Mammography units f (per million females aged 50–69 years) 2013 … 82.5 168.3 6.2 0j 86.7 57.1 5.4 99.7 142.7 22.4 49.7 74.5 0 599.3 33.3 196.5 18.5 j … 0.7 j 42.3 … … … … … 10.9 … … … 149.8 1.6 … 278.5 8.5 7.3 j … 13.1 100.7 j 272 225.1 402.3 41 41.8 … … 149.4 131.1 … … … … 63.3 … … … … … … 88.8 42.6 p … … 38.7 … … … … … … … … … 75.0 35.0 … … … 96.7 … … … … … … 26.8 … … … … 46.0 … 100.0 q 46.3 … …

Essential medicines MDG 8 Median availability of selected generic medicines g (%) Public Private 2007–2013 … … … … 55.6 … … … … … … 70.0 50.0 p … … 90.0 … … … … … … … … … 87.1 65.8 … … … 70.3 … … … … … … 21.7 … … … … 56.0 … 100.0 q 80.0 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 2.9 … … … … … … … … … 1.4 10.8 … … … … 5.2 … 2.7 q 1.7 … … … … … … 3.9 … … … … … … 5.9 4.7 p … … … … … … … … … … … … 5.7 3.9 … … … 7.4 … … … … … 5.6 10.8 … … … … 4.7 … 4.1 q 3.6 … … Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines h Public Private

2015 Member State

Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Mozambique

119

Table 6

2007–2013 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe … 4.5 51.0 … 24.9 0.6 21.1 10.7 0.2 19.5 33.2 25.2 2.2 … 7.8 … 49.5 6.8 2.8 … 1.7 39.3 40.5 14.6 19.2 3.9 26.2 0.7 0.5 5.6 11.8 12.2 17.1 … 10.9 … 35.4 25.3 28.1 0.3 24.5 37.4 25.3 1.2 … 11.9 2.0 1.7 0.8 … 18.5 88.3 … 48.7 4.2 … 48.1 1.7 57.6 60.7 84.6 20.5 … 51.1 … 56.7 16.4 8.4 … 16.0 110.5 173.6 18.7 50.2 20.8 … 11.1 2.7 38.8 35.6 32.8 24.0 … 58.2 … 76.7 31.6 88.0 4.4 … 55.5 119.4 17.0 … 12.4 6.8 7.8 13.4 … 3.4 … … 0.9 0.1 i 2.3 i 1.6 i <0.05 i 4.1 4.9 i 6.3 … … 2.0 … 8.2 0.6 0.2 i … 0.4 8.1 i 5.4 i 7.5 i 1.7 i 2.6 7.0 0.4 <0.05 3.6 2.2 i 2.9 i 2.9 i 1.2 i 3.6 … 6.9 i 4.3 i 5.4 i 0.1 … 7.0 i 1.7 i 0.1 i … … 0.4 0.3 0.2 i … 3.1 7.2 i … 5.4 i 0.1 2.1 i 0.5 i 0.2 4.1 i 6.4 i 5.6 … … 4.1 … 14.2 i 0.4 i 0.1 … 0.5 7.7 i 5.6 … 1.3 i 15.9 1.1 <0.05 i 0.9 i 4.9 i 3.0 i 3.5 i 1.7 i 1.8 0.3 0.4 i i i

2014 0.1 0.1 1.6 0.1 0.2 <0.05 0.7 … <0.05 0.3 … 1.0 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.8 <0.05 <0.05 0.1 <0.05 1.8 2.2 … 0.2 0.1 0.9 <0.05 <0.05 … 0.3 0.3 0.2 … 0.0 <0.05 … <0.05 1.6 … 1.2 1.7 i

2013 0.0 4.2 3.2 j … 1.0 j 0.2 j 1.1 j 1.1 j … 0.5 1.5 j 1.3 … … 0.7 j … 1.6 0.1 j 1.3 0.4 0.8 … … … 4.7 j 1.8 4.1 j … 0.6 j 3.8 j … 2.3 1.5 … 10.1 j 0.4 … … … … … 3.9 j … 2.4 … … 3.0 0.5 0.5

2014 96.0 1.0 0.0 12.1 19.8 1.9 58.9 … 6.4 44.3 … 77.7 3.5 1.8 22.7 0.1 38.7 9.6 2.7 46.0 15.1 0.0 72.5 … 17.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.6 … 78.3 10.7 9.3 … 0.0 2.6 … 1.2 34.1 … 50.2 45.5 15.9 0.8 … 7.9 … 4.3 14.4

7.7 i

5.9 i 8.1 i 0.1 8.8 i 5.3 0.4 … 3.1 0.9 0.9 0.4 i 0.1 i

0.3 <0.05 … 0.1 … <0.05 <0.05

120

Density of health infrastructure and technologies Computed tomography units f (per million population) 2013 0.0 5.3 31.8 … 3.8j 0.4 j

Essential medicines MDG 8 Median availability of selected generic medicines g (%) Public Private 2007–2013 … … … 56.3 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 77.1 … … … … 93.0 … … … … … … … … … … … 70.0 88.6 … … 37.8 … … … … … … … 74.0 … … … … 22.2 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 91.7 … … … … 98.2 … … … … … … … … … … … 78.0 91.4 … … 50.0 … … … … … … … 81.3 … … … … 2.4 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 4.0 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 13.8 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 3.7 … … … … … … … … … … 4.7 … Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines h Public Private

2015 Member State

Radiotherapy units f (per million population) 2013 0.0 0.0 0.0 … 0.1j 0.1j 1.5 … … 3.5 4.8k 5.8j … … 0.6j … 4.2 0.6 0.2 3.7 0.0 6.9k … 0.3k 0.1j 1.0 0.9j … … 0.0 3.0 1.6 2.0 … … 0.1 2.4k 0.6k 5.0k 0.1j 12.4k 3.8 0.6k 0.0 2.5k 0.4k 0.1 0.1 0.4

Mammography units f (per million females aged 50–69 years) 2013 229.9 91.2 229.1 … 40.6 j 5.2 j 84.6 127.7 j … 127.6 … 136.2 j … … 7.8 j … … 2.8 j 12.2 93.6 33.6 … … … 12.6 j 27.9 79.8 j … 10.4 0 35.2 j 22.6 j 230.4 … … 4.4 … … … 6.1 … 172.4 … 0 … … 17.6 4.6 6.9

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Sudan

13.7 10.8j 0.3 8.9 … 13.5j … … 1.0j … 13.9 1.7 1.1 7.4 2.4 … … … 1.1j 6.0 6.2j … 0.7 0.0 3.0j 8.9 14.5 … … 0.5 … … … 0.1 … 12.9 … 0.0 … … 3.6 0.2 0.4

121

Table 6

2007–2013

2014

2013

2014

Ranges of country values Minimum Median Maximum 0.1 14 77.4 1.4 25.3 172.7 <0.05 2.3 40 <0.05 2.7 27.1 0.0 0.1 4.6 0.0 1.1 56.4 0.0 5.9 343.3

WHO region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region 2.7 21.5 5.9 32.1 12.7 15.5 12.4 44.9 15.3 80.2 18.0 26.2 0.5 6.9 1.0 5.7 1.9 … 0.8 7.2 3.8 6.8 6.5 4.6 <0.05 0.5 <0.05 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.8 … … … 0.9 … 3.4 22.4 2.4 57.4 7.0 42.0

Income group Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income 2.5 7.9 16.1 28.7 5.3 18.0 26.3 88.2 0.3 1.2 … 6.5 0.4 4.2 3.4 10.1 <0.05 <0.05 0.2 1.1 0.8 … … … 2.1 3.6 15.2 90.9

Global

13.9

28.6

2.8

4.5

0.2

…

22.9

WHO Global Health Workforce Statistics (http://who.int/hrh/statistics/hwfstats/en/). See this source for the latest updates, disaggregated health workforce statistics and metadata descriptors. Due to variability of data sources and national occupation titles, the figures provided may not always be comparable with regards to coverage and quality. In general, the denominator data for health workforce density (i.e. national population estimates) were obtained from the World Population Prospects database of the United Nations Population Division. In some cases the official report provided only workforce density indicators, from which estimates of the stock were calculated. Figures include nursing personnel and midwifery personnel, whenever available. In many countries, nurses trained with midwifery skills are counted and reported as nurses. This makes the distinction between nursing personnel and midwifery personnel difficult to draw. Figures include dentists, dental technicians/assistants and related occupations. Due to variability of data sources, the professional-level and associate-level occupations may not always be distinguishable. Figures include pharmacists, pharmaceutical technicians/assistants and related occupations. Due to variability of data sources, the professional-level and associatelevel occupations may not always be distinguishable. Mental health atlas 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (forthcoming). Data are derived from the WHO Baseline country survey on medical devices conducted in 2013. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. Densities were computed by adding both public-sector and private-sector data unless otherwise noted. Hospitals include district, rural, provincial, specialized, teaching and research hospitals. Radiotherapy units include Linear Accelerators and Cobalt-60 units.

Surveys of medicine prices and availability using WHO/HAI standard methodology conducted between 2007 and 2013 (available at: http://www.haiweb.org/ medicineprices/). In individual surveys, availability is reported as the percentage of medicine outlets in which a medicine was found on the day of data collection. As baskets of medicines differ by individual country, results are not exactly comparable across countries. Median availability is determined for the specific list of medicines in each survey, and does not account for alternate dosage forms or strengths of these products or for therapeutic alternatives. Public-sector data may be limited by the fact that the list of survey medicines may not correspond to national essential medicines lists (EMLs) where these exist, and some public-sector facilities may not be expected to stock all of the survey medicines. This has been addressed in the revised edition of the survey tool, which allows public-sector data to be analysed by EML status and level of care. Surveys of medicine prices and availability using WHO/HAI standard methodology conducted between 2007 and 2013 (available at: http://www.haiweb.org/ medicineprices/). Consumer price ratio = ratio of median local unit price to the Management Sciences for Health (MSH) international reference price of selected generic medicines. Data are unadjusted for differences in the MSH reference price year used, exchange-rate fluctuations, national inflation rates, variations in purchasing power parities, levels of development or other factors. In each survey, median consumer price ratios are obtained for the basket of medicines surveyed and found in at least four medicine outlets. As baskets of medicines differ by individual country, results are not exactly comparable across countries. However, data on specific medicines are publicly available at the above HAI web site, and matched basket comparisons on a subset of medicines can be made. Separate figures were not reported for associate-level professionals and hence may not be comparable with previous publications.

e. f.

122

Density of health infrastructure and technologies Computed tomography units f (per million population) 2013 Radiotherapy units f (per million population) 2013 Mammography units f (per million females aged 50–69 years) 2013

Essential medicines MDG 8 Median availability of selected generic medicines g (%) Public Private 2007–2013 Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines h Public Private

2015 Member State

0.0 3.8 132.2

0.0 0.8 26.4

0.0 35.4 599.3

0.0 56.0 100.0

2.8 70.2 100.0

1.0 2.3 33.1

1.3 4.7 86.3

Minimum Median Maximum

0.4 … … … 1.9 …

0.1 5.3 0.3 3.9 0.4 1.5

7.4 … … … 20.9 …

… … … … … …

African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

0.3 … … …

0.1 0.4 1.2 6.8

2.5 … … …

… … … …

Low income Upper middle income High income

…

1.8

…

Global

j. k.

Refers to public sector only. Data derived from the Directory of Radiotherapy Centres (DIRAC) from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) – http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nahu/ dirac/query3.asp. This source does not specify if data are derived from the public or private sector, and was only taken into account if a country participating in the WHO Baseline country survey on medical devices did not provide such data. Based on a survey of medicine prices and availability in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Refers to the private sector only. Simple average of three surveys of medicine prices and availability in China (Shaanxi, Shandong and Shanghai provinces). Based on a survey in New Delhi, India. Based on a survey in Mexico City, Mexico. Based on a survey in Tatarstan province, Russian Federation.

m. n.

o. p. q.

123

Table 6

Lower middle income

124

2015 7. Health expenditure Table 7 presents data on government expenditure on health and on private expenditure on health, including externally funded expenditure on health. Sub-components of government expenditure on health (“social security expenditure”) and private expenditure on health (“out-of-pocket expenditure” and “private prepaid plans”) are also included. These data are generated from information that has been collected by WHO since 1999. The most comprehensive and consistent data on health financing are generated from national health accounts (NHAs) that collect expenditure information within an internationally recognized framework. NHAs trace financing as it flows from funding sources to decision-makers (who decide upon the use of the funds) and then to the providers and beneficiaries of health services. Not all countries maintain or update NHAs – in such cases, data are obtained through technical contacts in the country or from publicly available documents and reports. Missing values are estimated using various accounting techniques depending upon the data available for each country.1 WHO sends all such estimates to the respective ministries of health every year for validation.

To obtain the latest updates, a full series or more-disaggregated health expenditures including metadata and sources, see: http://www.who.int/health-accounts/en/.

125

Table 7

7. Health expenditure Member State Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product Health expenditure ratios a General government Private expenditure expenditure on health on health as % of total as % of total expenditure on health b expenditure on health b 2000 … 36.1 73.3 64.8 49.5 67.1 53.9 18.2 66.8 75.6 18.6 48.1 67.3 40.7 65.8 75.5 74.6 52.6 44.2 79.3 60.1 56.7 62.2 40.3 86.5 60.9 39.6 30.6 73.3 22.2 21.0 70.4 50.2 42.5 36.1 38.3 79.3 43.7 57.5 90.1 78.6 29.6 86.1 90.8 41.7 90.3 … 3.1 83.9 2012 20.8 49.3 73.5 76.6 62.2 68.0 69.3 41.8 67.0 75.9 22.6 45.1 70.1 31.9 60.9 77.2 75.2 64.9 57.4 73.4 71.8 71.2 58.1 47.5 91.8 56.3 58.5 60.1 72.4 19.7 32.4 70.1 51.1 38.1 47.7 56.0 75.8 38.8 79.2 90.8 74.7 30.4 80.1 94.2 47.0 84.0 … 51.5 85.8 2000 … 63.9 26.7 35.2 50.5 32.9 46.1 81.8 33.2 24.4 81.4 51.9 32.7 59.3 34.2 24.5 25.4 47.4 55.8 20.7 39.9 43.3 37.8 59.7 13.5 39.1 60.4 69.4 26.7 77.8 79.0 29.6 49.8 57.5 63.9 61.7 20.7 56.3 42.5 9.9 21.4 70.4 13.9 9.2 58.3 9.7 … 96.9 16.1 2012 79.2 50.7 26.5 23.4 37.8 32.0 30.7 58.2 33.0 24.1 77.4 54.9 29.9 68.1 39.1 22.8 24.8 35.1 42.6 26.6 28.2 28.8 41.9 52.5 8.2 43.7 41.5 39.9 27.6 80.3 67.6 29.9 48.9 61.9 52.3 44.0 24.2 61.2 20.8 9.2 25.3 69.6 19.9 5.8 53.0 16.0 … 48.5 14.2 General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2000 2012 … 7.1 8.8 19.1 2.9 11.4 14.7 5.3 15.1 14.6 5.4 14.8 10.7 7.4 11.7 10.1 12.3 6.5 10.0 12.2 9.8 11.4 7.4 4.1 6.3 9.1 8.8 7.3 9.9 8.7 6.1 15.1 12.9 13.1 11.0 10.9 19.3 9.3 4.8 9.9 24.1 10.0 13.0 10.8 6.5 13.7 … 1.8 13.6 7.1 9.8 9.8 23.1 5.6 17.2 22.5 7.9 17.8 16.3 3.8 15.1 9.3 6.8 9.9 13.2 14.9 12.1 13.5 6.1 9.5 16.6 8.8 7.9 6.0 11.7 13.5 14.1 10.0 6.7 8.5 18.5 11.4 5.9 14.9 12.5 18.5 9.9 8.7 9.3 27.7 8.1 12.7 11.5 7.5 14.2 … 12.9 15.9 External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health c 2000 2012 … 20.4 35.5 88.1 0 0 59.6 0 0 58.6 0 1.8 0.4 0 0 0 85.4 0 0.5 0 62.0 97.7 0 0 0 12.0 0.8 29.5 34.9 0 3.9 1.9 0 0 19.3 57.2 66.8 0 0 0 80.7 2.0 97.6 0 0 89.5 … 0 0 0 74.1 29.1 24.2 0 7.6 52.8 0 0 55.1 0 0 1.5 0 0.2 0 85.5 13.9 0.1 0 50.9 91.0 0 0 0 76.4 0.2 13.6 29.6 0 2.6 1.9 0 0 9.2 67.9 84.0 0 0 0 79.3 6.6 93.5 0 1.5 92.7 … 0 0

2000 Afghanistan f,g Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda f Argentina f Armenia Australia h,i Austria Azerbaijan j Bahamas Bahrain f Bangladesh h,f Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize f Benin f Bhutan h,f,k

2012 8.5 5.6 6.0 8.3 3.5 5.4 6.8 4.5 8.9 11.1 5.4 7.3 4.4 3.5 6.8 5.0 10.9 5.3 5.0 3.6 5.8 10.1 5.5 9.5 2.3 7.4 6.1 8.2 4.6 7.3 5.0 10.9 3.8 3.6 7.3 5.4 6.8 6.5 4.0 3.3 10.1 6.5 7.3 8.6 7.3 7.5 … 3.6 11.0

2000 … 6.0 0.1 0 2.5 0 0 8.7 0 0 4.0 0 0 7.3 4.0 0.1 0 2.1 17.0 21.3 6.0 9.0 0.5 0.5 0 1.9 13.9 18.7 13.0 9.3 4.2 0 19.1 24.9 0 0.1 0.3 21.3 4.6 2.2 0.9 4.4 0.4 0.2 0 0 … 2.1 0

2012 21.7 3.6 0.1 0 1.7 0 0.7 6.4 0 0 1.0 0 0 8.3 2.1 0.6 0 1.2 26.2 8.6 3.8 1.7 14.8 0.1 0 0 30.5 43.5 22.4 20.2 9.1 0 32.3 9.9 0 0.1 0.6 18.7 6.4 4.3 0.1 6.7 0 0.2 0 0 … 50.8 0

0 6.3 3.5 6.0 3.4 4.2 7.6 6.3 8.1 10.0 4.7 5.2 3.5 2.6 5.2 6.1 8.1 4.0 4.3 6.7 6.1 7.1 4.7 7.2 3.0 6.2 5.1 6.3 4.8 5.8 4.4 8.7 4.3 6.3 7.2 4.6 5.9 3.5 2.1 3.4 7.1 6.2 7.8 6.1 5.8 6.3 … 1.4 8.7

Bolivia (Plurinational State of) f,l Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam m Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi f,n

Cabo Verde Cambodia h,o Cameroon f Canada Central African Republic n Chad n,p Chile China Colombia f Comoros f,l Congo Cook Islands h Costa Rica f Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo f Denmark

126

2015 Health expenditure ratios a Private prepaid Out-of-pocket plans as % of private expenditure as % of private expenditure on expenditure on health health 2000 … 99.9 96.7 75.5 71.4 79.4 63.0 94.5 59.7 62.1 77.7 40.2 68.0 97.4 77.3 57.1 80.9 82.3 99.9 100 81.6 100 36.7 63.6 98.8 100 94.3 73.0 95.2 99.4 94.4 53.7 93.0 96.2 65.5 95.6 59.0 100 98.9 100 88.2 78.9 100 100 95.7 100 … 56.5 90.9 2012 89.0 99.7 97.2 74.6 70.5 74.8 65.5 93.8 57.8 65.2 89.1 54.0 53.6 93.0 81.9 85.3 82.3 69.8 89.3 97.1 82.2 96.7 12.7 57.8 97.8 97.3 82.7 54.9 88.3 75.0 94.2 50.1 90.4 96.7 62.1 78.0 60.9 67.1 96.0 100 91.0 78.3 62.4 100 88.1 94.1 … 66.9 87.4 2000 … 0 3.1 22.3 0 20.6 30.7 0 21.8 19.4 0.3 58.6 25.2 0.1 22.7 0.1 15.4 2.7 0.1 0 8.1 0 4.1 34.3 0.6 0 1.0 0.2 2.6 0.2 0 38.8 1.2 0.4 34.5 1.0 41.0 0 0.8 0 2.3 3.8 0 0 4.3 0 … 0 8.7 2012 0 0 2.7 23.3 0 25.2 25.9 6.1 26.2 18.5 0.7 45.1 30.6 0.1 18.1 1.2 16.9 16.8 10.6 1.2 15.5 0.8 79.9 40.4 1.1 1.0 2.8 2.7 3.7 0.3 0 41.0 1.8 0.3 37.9 7.0 39.1 0 3.6 0 5.0 4.0 37.6 0 8.4 1.3 … 2.3 12.1 Per capita health expenditures a Per capita total Per capita government Per capita government Per capita total expenditure on health expenditure on health e expenditure on health expenditure on health e at average exchange at average exchange (PPP int. $) (PPP int. $) rate d (US$) rate d (US$) 2000 0 70 60 1318 22 420 710 39 1714 2406 30 1107 476 9 602 75 1845 139 15 52 60 103 152 265 543 97 12 7 59 17 26 2100 11 10 364 43 148 13 22 175 287 40 371 166 753 361 … 19 2613 2012 58 220 319 3414 190 727 994 150 6097 5206 402 1618 920 26 1009 339 4742 259 37 90 149 446 402 1078 946 520 40 21 163 69 61 5763 18 37 1106 322 530 54 125 498 952 80 950 558 1936 1411 … 15 6204 2000 0 248 274 1955 91 634 841 145 2255 2904 164 1064 1255 29 792 356 2251 227 52 193 209 315 374 626 1776 385 43 29 144 63 81 2534 24 50 688 130 394 43 78 394 537 144 835 147 1115 982 … 6 2514 2012 159 506 781 3907 253 1125 1550 332 3855 4812 878 1703 1651 85 1407 867 4345 458 85 264 332 934 814 1388 1678 1171 95 62 291 209 130 4610 36 73 1610 578 808 99 228 515 1350 181 1477 405 2240 2038 … 25 4615 2000 0 25 44 854 11 281 383 7 1145 1820 6 532 320 4 396 56 1377 73 7 41 36 59 95 107 470 59 5 2 43 4 5 1477 5 4 131 16 117 6 13 158 226 12 320 151 314 326 … 1 2191 2012 12 109 234 2614 118 494 689 63 4085 3951 91 730 645 8 615 262 3567 168 21 66 107 318 233 512 869 292 23 13 118 14 20 4037 9 14 528 180 402 21 99 452 711 24 761 526 910 1186 … 8 5320 2000 0 90 201 1267 45 426 453 26 1507 2197 30 511 845 12 521 268 1679 119 23 153 125 178 233 252 1536 234 17 9 105 14 17 1783 12 21 248 50 313 19 45 355 422 43 719 134 464 887 … <1 2109 2012 33 250 574 2992 157 764 1074 139 2583 3652 198 769 1158 27 857 669 3268 297 49 194 238 666 473 659 1540 659 56 38 211 41 42 3229 18 28 768 323 612 39 180 467 1008 55 1182 381 1053 1712 … 13 3958 Afghanistan f,g Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda f Argentina f Armenia Australia h,i Austria Azerbaijan j Bahamas Bahrain f Bangladesh h,f Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize f Benin f Bhutan h,f,k Bolivia (Plurinational State of) f,l Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi f,n Cabo Verde Cambodia h,o Cameroon f Canada Central African Republic n Chad n,p Chile China Colombia f Comoros f,l Congo Cook Islands h Costa Rica f Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo f Denmark Member State

127

Table 7

Brunei Darussalam m

7. Health expenditure Member State Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product Health expenditure ratios a General government Private expenditure expenditure on health on health as % of total as % of total expenditure on health b expenditure on health b 2000 67.8 69.0 34.5 31.2 40.5 45.2 79.3 39.1 77.2 54.6 83.6 71.3 79.4 40.5 34.2 17.0 79.5 50.0 60.0 52.0 40.2 31.7 10.5 84.7 27.7 54.2 70.7 81.1 27.0 36.1 41.6 4.8 74.1 62.6 74.2 52.6 80.8 48.0 50.9 46.3 94.9 76.3 44.3 35.1 54.4 29.5 50.2 24.5 48.7 2012 59.7 70.2 50.9 44.8 39.0 62.8 80.3 46.5 78.7 60.6 66.2 75.0 77.4 52.8 60.0 18.0 76.7 68.3 67.1 47.2 38.0 39.2 24.6 66.1 9.2 44.4 62.6 80.5 30.5 39.6 40.4 60.5 67.6 59.8 77.3 58.7 82.1 68.7 55.8 40.9 81.7 82.8 60.2 31.8 60.6 46.3 78.6 34.5 70.3 2000 32.2 31.0 65.5 68.8 59.5 54.8 20.7 60.9 22.5 45.4 16.4 28.7 20.6 59.5 65.8 83.0 20.5 50.0 40.0 48.0 59.8 68.3 89.5 15.3 72.3 45.8 29.3 18.9 73.0 63.9 58.4 95.2 25.9 37.4 25.8 47.4 19.2 52.0 49.1 53.7 5.1 23.7 55.7 64.9 45.6 70.5 49.8 75.5 51.3 2012 40.3 29.8 49.1 55.2 61.0 37.2 19.7 53.5 21.3 39.4 33.8 25.0 22.6 47.2 40.0 82.0 23.3 31.7 32.9 52.8 62.0 60.8 75.4 33.9 90.8 55.6 37.4 19.5 69.5 60.4 59.6 39.5 32.4 40.2 22.7 41.3 17.9 31.3 44.2 59.1 18.3 17.2 39.8 68.2 36.7 53.7 21.4 65.5 29.7 General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2000 2012 12.0 6.6 15.9 6.4 7.3 14.3 8.7 2.6 11.3 9.4 11.3 10.6 15.5 5.3 10.4 6.9 18.3 7.8 10.1 13.2 17.0 6.4 2.3 10.8 16.0 18.1 10.6 18.4 4.6 4.5 10.6 0.1 14.7 9.2 12.7 6.6 15.9 13.7 9.2 10.6 8.8 5.2 12.0 5.8 8.7 7.6 6.3 6.7 6.0 14.1 10.4 14.3 7.1 5.8 15.5 7.0 3.6 11.7 16.4 9.4 12.0 15.8 7.2 12.4 5.2 19.3 10.6 11.7 9.0 18.3 6.8 7.8 13.1 2.4 11.8 10.2 15.4 4.3 6.6 17.5 6.0 14.1 10.5 14.0 7.1 20.0 17.3 10.9 5.9 10.0 5.8 12.2 2.6 9.8 10.7 14.5 13.2 7.9 External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health c 2000 2012 11.3 0 17.0 28.0 24.3 49.3 0 0 86.4 0 0 19.5 94.3 14.5 0 46.0 87.3 0 45.9 0 51.2 1.1 5.4 7.1 0 13.7 83.9 33.4 17.4 6.3 57.8 0 1.2 72.5 0.1 0 84.9 9.7 0 10.9 0 0 10.0 1.2 0 46.3 0 0 0 9.5 0.1 41.8 33.1 20.8 43.1 0 0 86.6 0 0 19.1 95.1 27.1 0 68.8 88.8 22.2 57.8 0.6 52.5 4.5 1.5 2.6 0 29.6 83.3 35.8 6.5 17.6 47.2 0 0.2 71.8 0.4 0.2 87.0 6.3 0 13.1 0 0 64.1 4.2 0 39.4 0 0 0

2000 Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic f Ecuador f Egypt El Salvador f Equatorial Guinea n Eritrea n

2012 8.8 5.8 5.4 6.4 4.9 6.7 3.4 3.0 5.9 4.9 4.0 9.1 11.6 3.7 6.2 9.2 11.3 5.2 9.3 6.2 7.1 4.5 6.2 6.6 9.6 9.5 8.0 9.0 3.8 3.0 6.6 4.8 8.9 7.4 9.2 5.6 10.3 8.0 4.3 4.5 10.2 2.6 7.0 1.9 5.9 7.5 12.1 9.4 4.3

2000 32.6 3.7 2.0 4.1 1.0 0.9 7.4 29.8 0.3 16.0 7.4 0 0 2.3 19.1 1.2 0 14.8 0 0 3.4 22.8 30.0 3.9 9.4 2.5 0 0 0.5 0 0 54.9 0 0 0 1.8 0 4.5 7.4 8.0 28.5 0 6.0 29.2 0.5 2.1 3.0 9.2 0

2012 12.7 3.9 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.4 1.6 24.4 1.5 40.9 5.6 0 0 1.2 40.7 3.0 0 11.8 0 0.7 2.5 14.4 32.6 11.0 66.3 3.2 0 0 1.3 1.1 0 0.4 0 0 0 1.8 0 2.9 0.4 48.5 6.6 0 12.2 32.9 0 0.7 30.2 47.2 0.1

5.8 5.0 6.3 3.6 5.4 8.0 2.7 4.1 5.3 4.4 3.9 7.2 10.1 2.9 3.6 q

Estonia Ethiopia Fiji f Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Ghana r Greece Grenada Guatemala f Guinea Guinea-Bissau n,f,s Guyana Haiti f Honduras Hungary Iceland India m,f,t Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) u Iraq n,v

6.9 10.4 3.0 7.9 6.6 5.6 3.5 4.9 5.8 6.1 6.6 7.2 9.5 4.3 2.0 4.6 0.8 6.2 7.1 7.9 5.5 7.6 9.7 4.2 4.7 8.0 2.5 4.7 3.3 6.0 10.9 6.9 5.9 3.4

Germany

Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica f Japan Jordan f,w Kazakhstan Kenya x Kiribati h Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic y,k Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya n

128

2015 Health expenditure ratios a Private prepaid Out-of-pocket plans as % of private expenditure as % of private expenditure on expenditure on health health 2000 98.5 88.9 71.9 85.3 97.4 94.6 80.1 100 88.5 79.2 63.5 77.7 34.4 85.2 53.7 99.4 55.9 63.6 85.9 100 89.4 87.9 54.7 86.1 69.7 95.0 89.8 100 91.8 72.9 96.2 100 60.8 75.7 89.6 65.0 80.1 74.9 98.9 80.4 2.5 93.0 89.3 91.8 96.8 80.7 71.1 50.3 100 2012 99.2 91.2 78.9 93.2 97.7 87.1 84.4 100 85.3 90.6 64.1 74.7 32.9 85.2 52.5 78.9 56.0 91.9 86.6 97.7 80.7 88.0 57.0 92.3 31.7 91.5 75.5 92.7 87.2 75.1 88.0 100 52.1 64.5 82.8 61.6 80.2 69.1 98.9 76.7 0.5 90.4 88.5 83.6 95.7 69.5 69.0 40.6 100 2000 1.5 3.1 18.7 4.8 0.4 5.4 0 0 0 0.5 26.2 8.8 61.6 11.4 2.3 0.6 40.4 11.1 5.5 0 4.2 1.1 0 0.3 0 5.0 0.6 0 1.1 6.4 3.6 0 26.7 10.5 3.5 30.0 12.7 5.3 0.2 6.6 0 7.0 0 0 3.2 16.8 0 0 0 2012 0.8 2.6 17.9 3.7 1.7 12.9 0 0 1.2 1.9 25.5 8.2 58.7 11.4 7.3 11.7 40.0 5.5 8.9 0 4.8 1.1 0 0.2 0 6.6 7.1 0 3.3 2.9 4.2 0 41.3 26.4 4.3 38.4 14.0 22.9 0.2 9.3 0 9.6 0 1.5 4.3 29.6 0 5.6 0 Per capita health expenditures a Per capita total Per capita government Per capita government Per capita total expenditure on health expenditure on health e expenditure on health expenditure on health e at average exchange at average exchange (PPP int. $) (PPP int. $) rate d (US$) rate d (US$) 2000 44 231 173 53 80 176 55 7 214 5 80 1700 2209 118 23 45 2387 12 918 339 96 12 16 56 26 76 326 2961 20 15 229 7 1593 1487 1527 189 2865 171 52 19 65 494 13 11 196 579 29 11 253 2012 139 399 310 361 158 254 769 15 994 22 184 4158 4644 399 31 333 4717 86 2070 471 236 22 31 235 73 221 999 3850 58 108 485 282 4079 2395 3114 298 4787 351 539 42 177 1446 84 27 820 663 138 39 669 2000 96 300 362 208 337 397 255 47 511 22 211 1857 2556 395 45 168 2682 82 1454 507 280 31 57 235 83 183 853 2765 89 86 390 16 1800 1763 2031 354 1992 593 327 67 114 1685 76 61 478 1062 90 22 721 2012 252 577 607 652 532 508 1233 36 1416 61 306 3497 4213 670 98 644 4635 195 2355 693 502 56 79 404 117 425 1766 3485 196 273 1218 629 3817 2315 3153 431 3632 828 974 98 184 2249 209 86 1256 1150 295 75 1173 2000 30 159 60 16 33 80 44 3 165 3 67 1212 1754 48 8 8 1898 6 551 176 39 4 2 47 7 41 230 2400 5 6 95 <1 1181 930 1134 100 2315 82 27 9 62 377 6 4 107 171 14 3 123 2012 83 280 158 162 62 159 618 7 783 14 122 3119 3592 211 19 60 3618 59 1390 223 90 9 8 155 7 98 625 3100 18 43 196 171 2757 1432 2408 175 3932 241 301 17 144 1197 51 9 497 307 108 13 470 2000 65 207 125 65 136 180 202 18 395 12 176 1323 2029 160 15 29 2133 41 873 264 113 10 6 199 23 99 603 2241 24 31 162 1 1334 1103 1507 186 1610 285 167 31 109 1286 34 22 260 314 45 5 351 2012 150 405 309 292 208 319 991 17 1115 37 202 2623 3259 354 59 116 3556 133 1581 327 191 22 19 267 11 189 1105 2806 60 108 492 381 2580 1384 2438 253 2983 568 544 40 150 1861 126 27 761 532 232 26 824 Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic f Ecuador f Egypt El Salvador f Equatorial Guinea n Eritrea n Estonia Ethiopia Fiji f Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia q Germany Ghana r Greece Grenada Guatemala f Guinea Guinea-Bissau n,f,s Guyana Honduras Hungary Iceland India m,f,t Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) u Iraq n,v Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica f Japan Jordan f,w Kazakhstan Kenya x Kiribati h Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic y,k Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya n Member State

129

Table 7

Haiti f

7. Health expenditure Member State Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product Health expenditure ratios a General government Private expenditure expenditure on health on health as % of total as % of total expenditure on health b expenditure on health b 2000 69.7 85.1 49.6 45.8 55.8 57.6 32.9 72.5 87.9 52.6 52.1 46.6 93.9 87.1 82.1 71.0 29.4 70.0 14.2 68.9 94.4 24.6 63.1 78.0 53.5 26.2 33.5 98.5 82.5 81.8 21.7 58.5 68.1 81.7 39.9 56.4 47.6 70.0 66.6 72.3 49.0 48.5 81.2 59.9 39.2 60.4 52.6 82.3 76.8 2012 65.3 83.5 50.7 56.1 55.2 57.1 38.8 65.6 82.6 47.0 48.2 51.8 90.4 88.5 62.8 61.7 35.5 49.4 23.9 61.9 93.4 39.5 79.6 82.9 54.3 33.1 33.2 98.3 85.0 80.5 36.9 77.2 68.6 80.2 42.6 55.0 30.4 69.2 64.0 83.6 54.5 45.6 80.3 51.1 58.8 36.8 53.6 82.1 88.2 2000 30.3 14.9 50.4 54.2 44.2 42.4 67.1 27.5 12.1 47.4 47.9 53.4 6.1 12.9 17.9 29.0 70.6 30.0 85.8 31.1 5.6 75.4 36.9 22.0 46.5 73.8 66.5 1.5 17.5 18.2 78.3 41.5 31.9 18.3 60.1 43.6 52.4 30.0 33.4 27.7 51.0 51.5 18.8 40.1 60.8 39.6 47.4 17.7 23.2 2012 31.1 16.5 49.3 43.9 44.8 42.9 61.2 34.4 17.4 53.0 51.8 48.2 9.6 11.5 37.2 38.3 64.5 50.6 76.1 38.1 6.6 60.5 13.2 17.1 45.7 66.9 66.8 1.7 15.0 19.5 63.1 22.8 31.4 19.8 57.4 45.0 69.6 30.3 36.0 16.4 45.5 54.4 19.7 48.9 41.2 63.2 46.4 17.9 11.8 General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2000 2012 11.3 16.9 15.5 9.0 5.3 10.9 8.9 12.1 21.1 10.7 8.7 16.6 10.9 14.2 10.9 16.9 4.8 17.0 8.6 13.9 11.2 7.6 11.4 15.7 13.1 8.4 10.3 6.6 16.4 7.0 3.5 12.0 21.3 9.9 17.7 14.1 8.4 9.4 14.9 5.0 9.7 8.9 9.1 12.7 8.5 9.6 11.7 10.8 13.7 12.1 13.6 8.7 22.1 5.7 16.0 12.5 13.3 24.4 5.5 9.8 15.8 17.8 18.8 9.2 9.8 6.0 8.8 1.5 13.9 11.5 9.8 20.0 20.5 19.7 8.7 18.0 4.8 18.2 4.8 4.7 16.5 12.7 11.6 10.3 13.9 8.0 11.1 13.4 5.8 11.7 13.4 12.2 8.9 24.0 7.1 10.3 15.0 17.3 External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health c 2000 2012 88.3 71.0 0 0 0.7 0 1.5 0 35.0 7.7 0 67.6 21.4 98.1 24.1 99.0 0 0.3 2.9 1.8 0 0 93.9 0 27.0 3.3 0 0 17.1 0 5.8 0 50.0 0 52.4 45.3 14.7 82.6 1.7 0 77.3 0 81.9 40.3 6.4 0.5 4.9 0 0.3 85.1 83.6 0 0 0.9 56.5 0.7 2.7 14.1 15.1 0 55.1 18.5 98.7 21.2 89.3 24.5 22.8 3.0 2.5 0 0 91.2 10.4 37.0 1.7 0 0 12.8 0 2.9 0 33.1 0 35.4 37.2 36.5 86.2 1.7 0 77.8 85.0 83.0 38.9 10.5 0.2 3.3 0.2 0

2000 Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar f Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands f,y Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) y Monaco n Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique f Myanmar m,aa Namibia Nauru f,ab,h Nepal ac Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria ad Niue h z

2012 6.7 7.2 3.3 9.2 4.0 11.4 5.8 8.7 15.6 3.8 4.8 6.1 12.8 4.3 6.3 7.2 6.1 5.8 1.8 8.0 7.0 5.5 12.7 10.2 8.1 6.1 3.4 7.1 9.3 2.7 2.8 9.5 7.2 4.4 9.7 5.2 4.4 6.8 9.9 2.2 7.6 11.8 5.6 6.5 11.2 6.4 7.9 5.4 6.7

2000 1.7 0 15.0 26.9 0.7 2.7 7.8 0 33.1 10.6 1.4 1.0 71.5 0 28.0 0 0.5 25.3 1.1 3.8 12.7 15.3 0 0 7.8 23.7 16.2 4.5 0 0 0.8 25.6 1.0 23.8 2.8 1.5 3.5 0 0 0 0 14.7 0 0.2 52.0 5.4 0.3 0.3 16.2

2012 5.0 0 23.2 70.3 0 1.0 33.7 0 35.6 9.3 2.4 0.6 70.3 0 4.1 1.3 1.2 59.5 8.0 8.1 51.9 18.5 0 0 11.5 11.9 5.5 62.5 0 0 4.9 38.2 0.3 25.7 2.9 0.5 1.1 0.2 0 0 0 7.4 0 0 45.1 2.4 3.6 3.0 7.3

6.5 7.5 5.0 6.1 3.0 7.1 6.3 6.6 22.5 5.2 3.8 5.1 7.8 3.3 4.7 7.3 4.2 6.2 2.1 6.1 13.3 5.4 8.0 7.6 5.4 5.8 2.8 7.9 8.4 3.1 3.0 12.0 7.8 4.0 8.1 4.9 3.2 5.5 9.3 2.2 4.4 6.7 4.3 5.4 4.2 4.3 5.6 3.7 6.0

Norway Oman Pakistan f,ae Palau f,y Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru f Philippines af Poland Portugal Qatar f Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova ag Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis f Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa h

130

2015 Health expenditure ratios a Private prepaid Out-of-pocket plans as % of private expenditure as % of private expenditure on expenditure on health health 2000 86.2 79.0 76.6 40.6 76.3 54.5 99.1 96.9 75.2 94.6 74.6 95.3 100 54.3 66.9 100 76.6 40.6 100 18.2 58.4 91.2 24.3 69.9 91.6 87.5 92.7 100 95.5 64.4 81.0 73.4 81.3 56.0 86.6 83.4 77.2 100 72.8 100 80.6 83.3 100 74.7 40.7 94.2 98.1 100 81.6 2012 97.6 66.3 80.5 23.3 78.0 88.3 99.6 93.8 75.2 90.7 91.4 91.5 97.5 60.7 93.1 100 88.3 14.9 93.7 17.9 13.0 81.4 41.9 62.8 85.6 89.9 95.5 100 94.9 61.4 86.8 46.2 79.0 55.9 91.4 79.2 82.8 75.0 76.2 52.2 78.8 82.8 97.0 92.0 45.6 90.7 98.7 100 62.6 2000 0.3 13.1 5.4 7.9 10.8 3.6 0.1 3.1 24.8 0.6 8.3 4.7 0 45.7 0 0 23.4 0 0 77.3 0 0.1 43.0 28.5 0.6 3.9 5.1 0 0 21.3 0.4 26.6 18.7 5.5 13.4 12.8 11.1 0.8 9.9 0 9.6 0 0 8.1 0.9 5.8 1.9 0 0 2012 2.3 26.9 9.7 4.7 16.4 6.5 0.4 6.3 24.8 5.1 1.4 8.5 0 39.3 0 0 11.7 0 0 61.2 0 0 38.4 28.7 9.9 1.0 3.1 0 0 23.2 0.9 38.9 21.0 5.5 8.6 10.3 12.4 2.3 14.4 38.0 12.2 0.1 1.0 4.2 7.4 9.3 1.3 0 0 Per capita health expenditures a Per capita total Per capita government Per capita government Per capita total expenditure on health expenditure on health e expenditure on health expenditure on health e at average exchange at average exchange (PPP int. $) (PPP int. $) rate d (US$) rate d (US$) 2000 211 3500 12 9 122 162 16 656 466 25 146 328 170 2684 22 118 54 15 3 126 288 12 1932 1056 54 9 17 318 3165 273 15 908 295 26 124 95 33 247 1064 652 504 23 73 96 9 392 272 137 80 2012 939 7551 15 32 418 710 42 1852 589 44 439 618 404 6521 232 472 181 33 20 472 836 36 5836 3954 144 24 93 1273 9312 605 34 976 723 97 358 333 115 859 2000 2029 1724 241 468 913 70 880 573 340 243 2000 558 4047 57 30 378 274 69 1282 505 92 341 509 197 3091 145 479 149 27 10 299 729 68 2352 1614 147 33 102 488 3055 678 81 1218 613 59 388 249 108 584 1652 1928 765 122 248 370 26 640 419 224 185 2012 1583 6379 46 91 894 1283 98 2522 651 123 817 1062 447 5767 530 980 430 58 35 741 699 118 5395 3291 355 55 184 962 6060 710 122 1310 1299 108 690 575 271 1509 2522 2851 2244 498 982 1523 158 1318 829 547 337 2000 147 2978 6 4 68 93 5 476 409 13 76 153 159 2338 18 84 16 10 <1 87 272 3 1219 824 29 2 6 313 2611 223 3 532 201 21 49 53 16 173 708 471 247 11 59 57 3 237 143 113 61 2012 613 6302 8 18 231 405 16 1215 487 21 212 320 365 5769 146 291 64 16 5 292 781 14 4646 3279 78 8 31 1251 7919 486 12 753 496 78 152 183 35 594 1280 1697 940 110 375 467 41 324 307 279 214 2000 389 3443 29 14 211 158 23 929 444 48 178 237 185 2693 119 340 44 19 1 206 688 17 1484 1259 79 9 34 481 2520 554 18 713 417 48 155 141 51 409 1100 1394 375 59 201 221 10 386 220 184 142 2012 1033 5324 23 51 494 732 38 1655 538 58 394 550 404 5102 333 605 153 28 8 459 653 47 4295 2729 193 18 61 945 5154 571 45 1011 892 86 294 316 82 1044 1615 2384 1223 227 788 779 93 486 444 449 297 Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar f Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands f,y Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) y Monaco n Mongolia Montenegro z Morocco Mozambique f Myanmar m,aa Namibia Nauru f,ab,h Nepal ac Netherlands New Zealand Niger Nigeria ad Niue h Norway Oman Pakistan f,ae Palau f,y Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru f Philippines af Poland Portugal Qatar f Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova ag Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis f Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa h Member State

131

Table 7

Nicaragua

7. Health expenditure Member State Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product Health expenditure ratios a General government Private expenditure expenditure on health on health as % of total as % of total expenditure on health b expenditure on health b 2000 85.8 43.2 72.1 40.9 67.2 82.0 28.7 45.0 89.4 74.0 94.3 … 41.3 … 71.6 48.4 27.2 53.4 56.3 84.9 55.4 40.4 20.4 56.1 57.7 65.7 28.5 70.5 45.4 54.9 62.9 81.5 100 26.8 51.8 76.7 79.1 43.4 43.0 54.6 47.5 76.6 41.5 30.9 54.0 47.4 … 2012 87.2 31.7 72.0 50.6 61.2 93.0 17.9 35.9 69.7 71.5 94.4 … 48.4 33.3 71.7 39.1 22.5 69.0 72.6 81.3 65.8 46.1 29.4 79.5 65.3 93.8 50.9 80.7 51.1 59.0 76.8 63.5 99.9 43.0 55.4 69.1 84.0 39.0 47.0 64.5 51.1 86.6 33.7 42.6 27.7 53.9 … 2000 14.2 56.8 27.9 59.1 32.8 18.0 71.3 55.0 10.6 26.0 5.7 … 58.7 … 28.4 51.6 72.8 46.6 43.7 15.1 44.6 59.6 79.6 43.9 42.3 34.3 71.5 29.5 54.6 45.1 37.1 18.5 0 73.2 48.2 23.3 20.9 56.6 57.0 45.4 52.5 23.4 58.5 69.1 46.0 52.4 … 2012 12.2 68.3 28.0 49.4 38.8 7.0 82.1 64.1 30.3 28.5 5.6 … 51.6 66.7 28.3 60.9 77.5 31.0 27.4 18.7 34.2 53.9 70.6 20.5 34.7 6.2 49.1 19.3 48.9 41.0 23.2 36.5 0.1 57.0 44.6 30.9 16.0 61.0 53.0 35.5 48.9 13.4 66.3 57.4 72.3 46.1 … General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2000 2012 20.4 9.0 8.6 10.1 13.6 7.9 14.2 7.1 9.4 13.1 20.7 … 13.3 … 13.2 6.8 8.3 11.3 10.5 12.6 15.4 6.5 6.5 11.0 15.0 20.4 8.5 15.4 6.4 8.1 9.8 13.7 5.9 7.3 10.2 7.8 15.1 10.2 16.8 20.5 8.7 10.5 8.0 6.6 8.0 11.1 … 13.1 5.6 7.7 7.5 13.4 10.4 9.5 11.1 14.9 13.8 13.3 … 14.0 4.0 13.9 5.9 11.1 11.2 18.1 15.0 22.1 5.3 7.5 16.9 13.3 2.9 15.4 14.1 7.6 13.3 10.7 8.7 17.3 24.2 11.9 9.4 16.2 11.2 20.0 19.3 9.6 13.5 5.5 9.3 3.9 12.6 … External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health c 2000 2012 100 0 0 7.4 92.2 0 0 4.8 94.4 93.7 0 … 3.3 … 9.6 0.3 8.3 33.8 0 0 72.8 0 0 9.4 97.4 0 11.7 0 0 28.9 55.6 6.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 83.7 27.4 0 0 34.6 19.7 0 0 … 73.5 0 0 5.1 93.4 0 0 14.1 90.0 91.3 0 … 2.8 0 6.6 0.1 10.9 41.7 0 0 69.2 0 0 9.2 91.7 0 6.5 0 0 56.3 64.1 6.5 0 0 0.6 0 0 4.5 87.3 56.8 0 0 31.1 37.0 0 0 …

2000 San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia f Senegal Serbia z,ah Seychelles Sierra Leone f Singapore m,ai Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan n Spain Sri Lanka Sudan f,n Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic aj Tajikistan Thailand y,f

2012 6.5 7.9 3.8 4.3 10.6 4.5 10.9 4.2 8.1 9.4 5.5 … 8.9 2.7 9.3 3.1 6.7 4.8 8.1 9.6 11.4 3.3 6.4 4.5 6.9 1.4 8.2 4.4 5.5 7.0 5.4 1.9 15.0 9.8 7.5 3.0 9.3 7.1 17.0 8.6 6.1 3.6 4.7 6.0 5.6 4.8 …

2000 0 34.8 0 16.2 1.2 4.5 7.0 0 0.9 0.2 13.1 … 0.3 … 0 0.3 4.4 9.9 5.8 0 0 0.1 2.3 0 2.8 29.7 5.9 22.2 7.2 0.9 0.1 1.4 44.0 28.3 0.5 0 0 27.8 0 0 6.7 2.5 0.7 2.6 7.9 13.9 …

2012 0 43.0 0 23.1 0.4 7.9 35.5 0 0 0 72.0 … 1.7 32.7 0 2.0 2.2 5.3 21.5 0 0 0.9 11.5 3.8 1.1 28.5 15.4 15.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 1.1 12.0 46.7 0.6 0 0 38.5 0 0.2 1.4 28.6 0 2.4 3.7 37.5 …

5.1 8.9 4.2 4.6 6.8 4.6 13.8 2.7 5.5 8.3 4.6 … 8.3 … 7.2 3.7 3.4 6.2 5.3 8.2 9.9 4.9 4.6 3.4 8.7 3.4 5.3 4.8 4.0 5.4 4.9 n,al

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste ak Togo Tonga h Trinidad and Tobago f Tunisia f Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda am Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay f Uzbekistan Vanuatu f Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam f Yemen f Zambia Zimbabwe

3.9 11.0 6.0 5.6 2.2 6.9 3.4 13.1 11.2 5.3 3.6 5.7 4.9 4.1 6.5 …

132

2015 Health expenditure ratios a Private prepaid Out-of-pocket plans as % of private expenditure as % of private expenditure on expenditure on health health 2000 94.7 76.1 66.1 91.6 83.7 99.1 92.9 95.7 100 44.1 56.7 … 22.2 … 83.1 80.8 91.0 44.0 42.4 91.1 74.0 100 99.0 76.9 100 11.7 88.2 77.5 86.3 80.1 74.6 100 100 56.7 91.4 69.4 53.3 83.5 26.2 31.2 99.7 71.6 90.9 95.6 94.6 55.6 … 2012 95.7 75.5 54.3 77.4 95.6 35.4 76.1 93.7 73.9 41.7 56.7 … 13.8 92.7 77.1 83.0 96.1 54.0 42.2 88.1 76.1 100 85.1 56.7 100 99.4 84.6 67.8 87.0 86.7 66.3 100 100 69.1 93.8 63.2 56.4 51.9 22.4 50.8 94.0 56.7 96.3 85.0 98.7 67.1 … 2000 5.3 0 10.6 7.1 0 0 0.9 0 0 51.0 0 … 72.4 … 13.7 2.8 2.4 0.8 18.9 0 23.8 0 0 12.8 0 0 4.7 10.6 7.1 17.8 0 0 0 0.1 1.1 20.2 17.6 4.5 59.7 14.9 0 10.7 3.2 0 2.2 0.6 … 2012 4.3 0 21.6 21.1 0.8 2.5 0.2 4.0 0 48.6 0 … 81.1 5.2 20.3 4.1 1.0 31.0 18.8 1.7 21.0 0 0.1 31.3 0 0 4.2 17.9 15.6 10.7 0 0 0 0.3 2.1 27.3 17.1 1.5 63.7 49.2 5.6 20.6 3.7 0 1.3 3.5 … Per capita health expenditures a Per capita total Per capita government Per capita government Per capita total expenditure on health expenditure on health e expenditure on health expenditure on health e at average exchange at average exchange (PPP int. $) (PPP int. $) rate d (US$) rate d (US$) 2000 2166 46 396 22 64 356 21 662 208 831 48 … 246 … 1045 32 15 167 75 2282 3541 58 7 67 153 18 14 92 260 121 197 44 161 16 36 753 1761 10 4818 773 29 52 273 20 26 23 … 2012 3877 109 992 44 556 502 69 2287 1377 2069 101 … 651 25 2626 88 113 437 265 5293 9071 73 61 247 314 68 48 197 958 292 569 128 559 57 290 1235 3595 42 8845 1265 110 116 592 102 76 84 … 2000 2860 462 1246 70 395 705 110 1137 605 1454 62 … 614 … 1548 149 80 684 243 2292 3234 157 44 241 508 45 55 174 569 318 437 167 268 47 214 1882 1833 27 4818 1123 103 79 653 99 149 121 … 2012 3819 225 1990 95 1242 998 175 3215 2065 2618 112 … 1091 52 2925 270 241 720 524 4041 5992 168 151 630 797 121 109 232 1633 748 971 239 491 141 634 1718 3235 117 8845 1594 306 106 835 292 218 175 … 2000 1860 20 285 9 43 292 6 298 186 615 45 … 102 … 749 16 4 89 42 1938 1963 23 1 38 88 12 4 65 118 67 124 36 161 4 18 578 1394 4 2074 422 14 40 113 6 14 11 … 2012 3380 35 714 22 340 467 12 821 960 1479 95 … 315 8 1883 34 25 302 192 4301 5970 34 18 196 205 64 24 159 489 173 437 81 559 25 161 854 3019 16 4153 816 56 100 200 44 21 45 … 2000 2455 199 898 29 266 578 32 512 541 1076 59 … 254 … 1108 72 22 365 137 1946 1793 63 9 135 293 30 16 122 258 174 275 136 268 12 111 1444 1450 12 2074 613 49 61 271 31 80 57 … 2012 3330 71 1432 48 760 928 31 1154 1440 1871 106 … 528 17 2098 105 54 497 380 3284 3944 77 44 500 520 113 56 187 834 441 745 152 490 61 352 1188 2716 46 4153 1028 156 92 282 124 60 94 … San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia f Senegal Serbia z,ah Seychelles Sierra Leone f Singapore m,ai Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan n Spain Sri Lanka Sudan f,n Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic aj Tajikistan Thailand y,f Timor-Leste ak Togo Tonga h Trinidad and Tobago f Tunisia f Turkey Turkmenistan n,al Tuvalu Uganda am Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay f Uzbekistan Vanuatu f Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam f Yemen f Zambia Zimbabwe Member State

133

Table 7

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

2000

2012

2000

2012

Ranges of country values Minimum Median Maximum 0 5.5 22.5 1.4 6.5 17.0 3.1 54.9 100 6.9 60.6 99.9 0 45.1 96.9 0.1 39.4 87.8 0.1 10.3 24.1 1.5 11.6 27.7 0 2.1 71.5 0 1.7 72.0 0 1.8 100 0 3.3 98.7

WHO region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region 4.2 11.0 3.6 7.9 4.0 5.8 5.6 13.6 3.7 8.9 4.6 6.6 44.2 44.9 32.3 74.0 49.1 62.1 50.8 49.0 37.9 72.9 50.7 63.5 55.8 55.1 67.7 26.0 50.9 37.9 49.2 51.0 62.1 26.8 49.3 36.5 7.9 13.9 5.3 14.0 7.4 13.4 11.4 17.3 5.8 14.5 8.0 14.4 7.0 0.1 0.8 0.1 1.0 0.2 11.5 0.1 2.0 0.1 1.0 0.2 9.0 69.8 12.8 52.4 16.1 67.1 9.6 71.0 8.9 51.8 16.0 68.9

Income group Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income 2.9 3.9 5.3 9.6 5.1 4.1 6.0 11.6 37.6 34.0 46.7 59.3 38.8 36.4 56.2 60.6 62.4 66.0 53.3 40.7 61.1 63.6 43.8 39.3 4.6 6.1 8.6 15.0 9.0 6.2 11.6 16.8 14.2 2.5 0.6 0 29.7 2.3 0.3 0 2.1 14.4 41.2 64.0 2.8 13.8 48.5 65.6

Global a.

7.7

8.6

55.5

57.6

44.5

42.3

12.9

14.1

0.3

0.5

59.0

59.3

Health expenditure series. Geneva: World Health Organization (latest updates and more information on countries are available at: http://apps.who.int/nha/database/). All the indicators refer to expenditures by financing agent except external resources which is a financing source. WHO regional, income-group and global estimates are calculated using absolute amounts in national currency units converted to Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) equivalents unless otherwise noted. For health expenditure ratios, values smaller than 0.05% may appear as zero. For per capita indicators, when the value is less than 0.5 it is represented as < 1. In countries where the fiscal year begins in July, expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (for example, 2011 data will cover the fiscal year 2010–11) unless otherwise stated for the country. Absolute values of expenditures are expressed in nominal terms (current prices). In some cases, the sum of general government and private expenditures on health may not add up to 100% because of rounding. Care needs to be taken in interpreting external resource figures. Most are taken from the OECD DAC/CRS database except where a reliable full NHA study has been done. These are disbursements to recipient countries as reported by donors, lagged one year to account for the delay between disbursement and expenditure. Disbursement data are not available prior to 2002 and commitments are used instead. National currency units per US$ are calculated using the average exchange rates for the year. WHO regional, income-group and global estimates are calculated using constant US$. Purchasing Power Parity at international dollar rate (PPP int. $) values have been revised based on the World Bank’s 2011 International Comparison Program (ICP). In countries where these values are not available, PPPs are estimated by WHO. A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations. Non-profit institutions (such as nongovernmental organizations) serving households are accounted for in “external assistance” and recorded under government expenditure. Gross domestic product (GDP) includes both licit and illicit GDPs (for

example, opium). Government expenditures include external assistance (external budget). h.

Fiscal year starts on 1 July and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2000 data cover the fiscal year 1999–2000). About 30% of the expenditure in residential facilities for care of the aged has a health purpose, but this is difficult to estimate routinely and so is not included under health at present. Such health-purpose expenditure was about US$ 2.1 billion in 2005–06 or 0.2% of GDP. Adjustments for currency change (from old to new manat) were made for the entire Azerbaijan series starting from World Health Statistics 2008. 2011 data are based on System of Health Accounts (SHA) 2011, and may show a break in the series from previous years. Funds previously included in social security were reclassified. Fiscal year starts on 1 April and expenditure data have been allocated to the earlier calendar year (i.e. 2000 data cover the fiscal year 2000–2001). Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data. 2012 data are based on a health accounts study based on SHA 2011. Numbers were converted to SHA 1.0 format for comparability. National Accounts: the authorities have revised national accounts estimates, moving from the 1968 to the 1993 System of National Accounts (SNA). IMF country report 11/302. As a result of recent health-care reforms in Georgia, public compulsory insurance has since 2008 been implemented by private insurance companies. The voucher cost of this insurance is treated as general government health expenditure. In 2010, Ghana revalued its economy from 1993 base to 2006, increasing its overall GDP by more than 60%. Estimates have been updated taking into account 2010 GDP rebasing data series. Government expenditures show fluctuations due to variations in capital investment. General government total expenditure series was fully revised.

l. m.

n. o.

s. t.

134

2015 Health expenditure ratios a Private prepaid Out-of-pocket plans as % of private expenditure as % of private expenditure on expenditure on health health 2000 2012 2000 2012 Per capita health expenditures a Per capita total Per capita government Per capita government Per capita total expenditure on health expenditure on health e expenditure on health expenditure on health e at average exchange at average exchange (PPP int. $) (PPP int. $) rate d (US$) rate d (US$) 2000 2012 2000 2012 2000 2012 2000 2012 Member State

2.5 83.5 100

0.5 82.8 100

0 2.4 77.3

0 4.2 81.1

0 111 4818

15 361 9312

0 307 4818

25 651 8845

0 63 2978

5 211 7919

0 180 3443

8 396 5324

Minimum Median Maximum

59.1 34.0 88.3 67.4 87.7 87.0

60.6 31.0 84.1 71.4 86.0 77.9

31.7 53.7 2.6 21.9 5.3 6.6

29.3 57.0 4.1 19.7 6.9 9.6

34 1883 20 933 93 287

105 3599 68 2270 245 730

110 2055 88 1216 260 315

208 3768 208 2402 561 857

15 840 7 704 46 208

53 1765 27 1695 132 502

49 923 28 900 128 196

106 1847 79 1750 285 544

African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

84.7 89.1 80.4 39.5

77.6 86.7 74.2 38.5

1.5 2.7 15.1 47.7

1.5 3.7 16.5 49.4

10 25 112 2259

32 85 446 4632

32 108 263 2392

83 235 766 4516

4 9 53 1336

13 32 249 2857

12 37 123 1418

32 86 430 2736

Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

52.2

52.6

37.0

36.2

487

1025

597

1173

281

615

331

676

Global Table 7

Exchange rate changed in 2002 from multiple to a managed floating exchange rate. Inter-bank market rate used prior to 2002. Break in series due to changed sources. The estimates do not include expenditures for Northern Iraq. The public expenditure on health includes contributions from the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) made to Palestinian refugees residing in Jordanian territories. In 2014, Kenya revalued its base year from 2002 to 2009, which increased its GDP by 25% in 2013. Fiscal year starts on 1 October and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2000 data cover the fiscal year 1999–2000). After the declaration of independence on 3 June 2006, Serbia and Montenegro are now separate states. Health expenditures for the previous years have been estimated separately for each of the two countries. The market exchange rate is used to estimate the per capita figures. The market exchange rate is used to estimate the per capita figures. Household out-of-pocket health expenditures revised based on results of the 2012 Household Income and Expenditure Survey. Fiscal year starts on 16 July and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2000 data cover the fiscal year 1999–2000). In 2014, a revised GDP series was published following a statistical rebasing exercise (the base year changed from 1990 to 2010). Nigeria has emerged as Africa’s largest economy, with a GDP increase of 89% for the year 2013. Total level of government expenditure on health increased due to the inclusion of local government expenditure, as well as a more comprehensive estimation of regional expenditure on health. The Philippine Statistics Authority implemented a revision in the estimation methodology for local government units (LGU) health expenditures between 2010 and 2011 resulting in a significant decrease in estimated LGU expenditures between

the 2 years. The 2005–2011 NHAs were computed based on the revised estimation methodologies developed by the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) Technical Staff following an extensive review in 2012 of the input data by NHA component and the computational procedures (see http://www.nscb.gov.ph/stats/ pnha/technotes.asp). A major revision involved the expansion of the coverage of the NHA in 2005–2011 compared to the earlier years. ag.

The health expenditure data as well as the population data after 2000 do not include Transdniestria. Data on GDP and private final consumption expenditure exclude Transdniestria from 1995. The estimates do not include the expenditures of the provinces of Kosovo and Metohia, which are under the administration of the United Nations. Medisave is classified as a social insurance scheme as payment is compulsory. The exchange rate used for the Syrian Arab Republic is the rate for non-commercial transactions from the Central Bank of Syria. From this year, oil GDP (includes the income from petroleum) is being used for denominators. Hence the changes in ratios since last year’s report. The country became independent in 2002. However NHA estimates have been produced for previous years based on the available macro data. Until 2007 the fiscal year ended in June. There was then a transition period in the second quarter of 2007 to make the fiscal year equal to the calendar year. Expenditure data have been allocated exceptionally to the previous calendar year (i.e. 2000 data covers the fiscal year 1999–2000). Drop in health expenditures from previous year is mainly due to revision of out-of-pocket expenditure estimates. On 1 January 2009 Turkmenistan introduced the new manat ISO code TMT. The exchange rate between the old and the new currency is 1 TMT = 5000 TMM. The entire health expenditure series has been adjusted. Fiscal year starts on 1 July and expenditure data have been allocated to the earlier calendar year (i.e. 2000 data cover the fiscal year 2000–2001).

ah.

ai. aj.

ak.

aa. ab.

ac.

ad.

al.

ae.

am.

af.

135

136

2015 8. Health inequities In general, the global reporting of health indicators focuses on national averages. However, data on the distribution of health and health services within countries and between population subgroups are equally important. Such data help to identify health inequities – unfair and avoidable differences in health and health service provision. Health inequity is not only detrimental to the most vulnerable but can be seen across the social gradient. Health inequities are multidimensional, as health status can vary widely not only between the rich and the poor, but also, for example, between rural and urban residents, the highly educated and the less educated, and women and men. Measuring and tracking disaggregated health data are key components of incorporating gender, equity and human-rights aspects into health systems, and advancing a health-in-all-policies agenda. It also provides evidence and feedback for strengthening equity-oriented initiatives such as the movement toward universal health coverage. Table 8 covers data from 72 countries collected during Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) conducted between 2007 and 2014. Six health indicators are presented – modern contraceptive prevalence; antenatal care coverage; births attended by skilled health personnel; DTP3 immunization coverage among 1-year-olds; children < 5 years of age who are stunted; and under-five mortality rate – with data disaggregated according to urban or rural residence, household wealth, maternal educational level and, where applicable, by the sex of the child. For household wealth and maternal educational level, point estimates are shown for subgroups with the highest and lowest levels of these measures. A complete set of disaggregated data on these and other health indicators is available at the Health Equity Monitor of the WHO Global Health Observatory.1

Health Equity Monitor, Global Health Observatory [online database]. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www. who.int/gho/health_equity/en/index.html).

137

Table 8

8. Health inequities MDG 5 Member State Source Contraceptive prevalence: modern methods a (%) Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of woman Secondary or higher Antenatal care coverage: at least 4 visits a,b (%) Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of woman Secondary or higher Births attended by skilled health personnel a,c (%) Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of woman Secondary or higher 82 100 … … … … … 99 … … … … … 42 … 100 … 99 98 94 91 100 … … … … 97 91 … 91 93 … 89 … … … 98 94 98 … 99 84 … … … … … 91 …

Highest

Lowest

Urban

Rural

None

MICS 2010–2011 17 DHS 2008–2009 10 … … … … … DHS 2010 19 … … … … … DHS 2011 MICS 2012 MICS 2011 DHS 2011–2012 MICS 2010 DHS 2008 51 … 48 … 50 7 66 26 … … … … DHS 2010 DHS 2010 DHS 2010 DHS 2011 MICS 2010 11 17 … 36 9 … 3 … … … DHS 2010 DHS 2012 DHS 2011–2012 MICS 2011 DHS 2011–2012 MICS 2010–2011 72 11 12 … 73 10 … 78 … … … DHS 2013–2014 5 …

33 12 … … … … … 33 … … … … … 54 … 52 … 54 10 64 40 14 … … … … 31 29 … 31 21 … 20 … … … 73 21 25 … 76 16 … 72 … … … 15 …

14 10 … … … … … 21 … … … … … 53 … 44 … 41 5 69 23 7 … … … … 7 15 … 35 2 … 2 … … … 68 11 9 … 69 7 … … … … … 3 …

33 14 … … … … … 38 … … … … … 51 … 56 … 57 12 62 47 20 … … … … 34 26 … 31 26 … 25 … … … 75 14 29 … 78 20 … … … … … 17 …

18 …e … … … … … …e … … … … … 50 … …e … 38 6 67 22 …e … … … … 11 14 … 34 3 … 2 … … … 63 11 10 … 58 9 … … … … … 4 …

33 13 … … … … … 27 … … … … … 53 … 51 … 54 13 57 43 15 … … … … 44 34 … 34 25 … 27 … … … 73 17 23 … 75 20 … … … … … 13 …

10 57 … … … … … 89 … … … … … 18 … 99 … 81 53 73 60 85 … … … … 31 33 … 55 50 … 29 … … … 81 48 68 … 88 33 … … … … … 42 …

33 82 … … … … … 96 … … … … … 43 … 100 … 87 66 87 81 83 … … … … 45 39 … 80 77 … 54 … … … 91 50 85 … 92 61 … … … … … 61 …

6 49 … … … … … 88 … … … … … 9 … 97 … 70 38 64 50 85 … … … … 24 34 … 43 33 … 26 … … … 78 38 64 … 84 26 … … … … … 38 …

32 91 … … … … … 96 … … … … … 53 … 100 … 89 77 92 91 85 … … … … 47 37 … 82 86 … 62 … … … 96 56 92 … 97 72 … … … … … 68 …

12 …e … … … … … …e … … … … … 8 … …e … 69 f 51 74 49 …e … … … … 31 32 … 40 35 … 28 … … … 61 41 57 … …e 35 … … … … … 37 …

45 80 … … … … … 93 … … … … … 35 … 100 … 87 78 88 85 85 … … … … 57 46 … 78 82 … 64 … … … 92 60 85 … 91 73 … … … … … 59 …

31 99 … … … … … 99 … … … … … 21 … 100 … 95 79 54 51 100 … … … … 62 58 … 67 47 … 38 … … … 86 79 86 … 97 45 … … … … … 74 …

75 100 … … … … … 100 … … … … … 50 … 100 … 98 92 89 88 100 … … … … 94 88 … 95 87 … 83 … … … 98 92 98 … 99 84 … … … … … 94 …

16 98 … … … … … 99 … … … … … 9 … 100 … 89 64 34 38 100 … … … … 47 51 … 49 19 … 33 … … … 84 66 81 … 97 35 … … … … … 66 …

76 34 100 … e … … … … … … … … … … 100 … e … … … … … … … … … … 61 10 … … 100 … e … … 98 78 f 99 79 95 53 99 40 100 … e … … … … … … … … 93 63 81 52 … … 97 47 97 23 … … 87 37 … … … … … … 99 71 93 72 100 77 … … 99 … e 91 52 … … … … … … … … … … 98 68 … …

MICS 2011–2012 11

138

None

2015 MDG 4 DTP3 immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a (%) Sex Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of mother Secondary or higher Children aged < 5 years who are stunted a (%) Sex Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of mother Secondary or higher Under-five mortality rate a,d (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Sex Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of mother Secondary or higher … 19 … … … … … 22 … … … … … 45 … … … … 55 … 43 … … … … … 61 44 … 35 76 … … … … … 18 35 72 … … 76 … … … … … 91 … Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Burundi Member State

Highest

Highest … 13 … … … … … 22 … … … … … 38 … … … … 44 … … … … … …

Female

Lowest

Urban

Rural

None

… 97 … … … … … 95 … … … … … 95 … … … 69 74 … 87 93 … … … … 90 96 … 85 69 … 33 … … … 91 69 71 … 96 66 … 99 … … … 60 …

… 98 … … … … … 95 … … … … … 92 … … … 74 74 … 85 92 … … … … 89 96 … 85 69 … 31 … … … 90 77 67 … 92 61 … 96 … … … 61 …

… … 97 99 … … … … … … … … … … 94 96 … … … … … … … … … … 93 94 … … … … … … 73 68 70 79 … … 87 85 93 91 … … … … … … … … 89 92 96 91 … … 84 90 61 80 … … 22 51 … … … … … … 88 91 72 74 58 77 … … 94 94 56 76 … … 93 99 … … … … … … 54 74 … …

… … 100 97 f … … … … … … … … … … 88 97 f … … … … … … … … … … 90 98 … … … … … … 72 69 59 86 … … 86 86 91 94 … … … … … … … … 83 93 94 94 … … 73 93 45 88 … … 18 60 … … … … … … 85 92 58 84 55 82 … … 89 97 f 52 81 … … … … … … … … … … 48 83 … …

… …e … … … … … …e … … … … … 85 … … … …e 70 … 85 …e … … … … 89 95 … 67 46 … 23 … … … 79 69 61 … …e 56 … … … … … 57 …

… 53 97 17 … … … … … … … … … … 95 20 … … … … … … … … … … 97 40 … … … … … … 73 19 90 47 … 33 90 28 93 9 … … … … … … … … 92 37 93 63 … … 92 41 83 35 … … 60 44 … … … … … … 91 14 80 32 75 22 … … 97 … 84 33 … … … … … … … … … … 72 45 … …

51 21 … … … … … 18 … … … … … 42 … … … 20 42 34 26 9 … … … … 32 53 … 37 29 … 38 … … … 12 28 24 … … 27 … … … … … 40 …

53 19 … … … … … 22 … … … … … 43 … … … 21 46 36 39 8 … … … … 37 60 … 41 40 … 42 … … … 17 32 29 … … 35 … … … … … 47 …

47 20 … … … … … 17 … … … … … 36 … … … 16 42 28 17 11 … … … … 21 38 … 27 21 … 38 … … … 12 25 19 … … 20 … … … … … 32 …

62 27 … … … … … 26 … … … … … 54 … … … 33 49 41 45 10 … … … … 42 70 … 49 49 … 45 … … … 19 38 33 … … 39 … … … … … 50 …

46 13 … … … … … 19 … … … … … 26 … … … 9 37 21 6 10 … … … … 18 41 … 22 12 … 30 … … … 7 22 9 … … 14 … … … … … 23 …

53 …e … … … … … …e … … … … … 51 … … … 28 46 37 50 …e … … … … 37 61 … 46 46 … 44 … … … 31 33 26 … … 32 … … … … … 51 …

39 17 … … … … … 19 … … … … … 34 … … … 10 39 23 15 9 … … … … 11 31 … 31 19 … 30 … … … 11 22 19 … … 17 … … … … … 32 …

… 27 … … … … … 21 … … … … … 66 … … … … 79 … 79 … … … … … 153 134 … 76 135 … … … … … 24 48 84 … … 133 … … … … … 114 …

… 16 … … … … … 22 … … … … … 60 … … … … 71 … 71 … … … … …

… 28 … … … … … 26 … … … … … 65 … … … … 83 … 98 … … … … …

… 13 … … … … … 19 … … … … … 55 … … … … 62 … 54 … … … … … 79 … 29 93 … … … … … 21 27 76 … … … … … … … 96 …

… 34 … … … … … 26 … … … … … 78 … … … … 87 … 116 … … … … … 148 … 91 184 … … … … … 29 52 89 … … … … … … … 116 …

31 134 … … … … …

141 155 116 129 … 59 … … … … … 19 52 77 … … … … … … … … … 75 … … … … … 24 58 87 … … … … … … … …

104 174

95 155 80 138 … 30 … … … … … 13 40 … … … … … … … … … 86 … … … … … 53 50 … … … … … … … …

None … …g … … … … … …g … … … … … 88 … … … … 80 …

Male

121 153

72 175

52 105

97 124

100 123

82 123

108 118

76 121

139

Table 8

8. Health inequities MDG 5 Member State Source Contraceptive prevalence: modern methods a (%) Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of woman Secondary or higher Antenatal care coverage: at least 4 visits a,b (%) Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of woman Secondary or higher Births attended by skilled health personnel a,c (%) Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of woman Secondary or higher … … 99 … 87 … … … … 74 … … … 93 … … … 84 … … … 85 … 94 61 96 … … … 91 … 96 … … … … … 100 … 72 … … 99 75 … … 80 78 …

Highest

Highest 46

Lowest

Urban

Rural

None

… … 72 … 55 … … … … 23 … … … 11 … … … 23 … … … 4 … 40 31 61 … … … 59 … 32 … … … … … 40 37 … … 33 … … 41 16 … MICS 2011–2012 43 MICS 2010–2011 46

… … 69 … 62 … … … … 49 … … … 21 … … … 23 … … … 7 … 40 31 67 … … … 57 … 34 … … … … … 43 52 47 … … 34 41 … … 57 22 …

… … 66 … 52 … … … … 13 … … … 12 … … … 16 … … … 2 … 31 30 55 … … … 53 … 29 … … … … … 41 45 17 … … 36 33 … … 29 13 …

… … 69 … 62 … … … … 48 … … … 22 … … … 23 … … … 9 … 45 28 67 … … … 55 … 36 … … … … … 43 55 48 … … 34 40 … … 61 21 …

… … 68 … 56 … … … … 22 … … … 10 … … … 18 … … … 4 … 21 28 49 … … … 42 … 30 … … … … … 32 … 12 … … …e 33 … … 28 15 …

… … 67 … 58 … … … … 55 … … … 23 … … … 26 … … … 9 … 41 33 66 … … … 58 … 36 … … … … … 43 … 52 … … 34 40 … … 55 27 …

… … 94 … 58 … … … … 14 … … … 58 … … … 81 … … … 49 … 77 62 86 … … … 83 … 41 … … … … … 93 88 44 … … 79 27 … … 66 72 …

… … 95 … 80 … … … … 46 … … … 81 … … … 94 … … … 77 … 82 76 92 … … … 93 … 54 … … … … … 95 86 60 … … 93 71 … … 82 83 …

… … 90 … 42 … … … … 8 … … … 59 … … … 74 … … … 38 … 72 51 82 … … … 70 … 35 … … … … … 88 88 36 … … 79 9 … … 58 66 …

… … 97 … 89 … … … … 46 … … … 89 … … … 98 … … … 83 … 83 88 97 … … … 97 … 65 … … … … … 99 82 63 … … 97 83 … … 85 87 …

… … 88 … 46 … … … … 12 … … … 68 … … … 78 … … … 51 … 59 f 50 74 … … … 47 … 35 … … … … … 85 … 35 … … …e 9 … … 67 71 …

… … 97 … 76 … … … … 65 … … … 82 … … … 93 … … … 80 … 82 82 94 … … … 92 … 59 … … … … … 95 … 64 … … 84 68 … … 79 86 …

… … 97 … 72 … … … … 5 … … … 70 … … … 54 … … … 32 … 90 25 73 … … … 75 … 85 … … … … … 100 100 37 … … 99 31 … … 54 50 …

… … 98 … 90 … … … … 52 … … … 94 … … … 88 … … … 84 … 98 59 94 … … … 92 … 94 … … … … … 100 100 75 … … 100 80 … … 88 73 …

… … 95 … 55 … … … … 2 … … … 76 … … … 39 … … … 19 … 81 10 58 … … … 58 … 82 … … … … … 99 100 20 … … 99 11 … … 35 43 …

… … … … 99 90 … … 97 60 … … … … … … … … 5 … … … … … … 95 86 … … … … … … 98 44 … … … … … … 91 37 … … 96 71 78 14 98 55 … … … … … … 97 32 … … 96 82 … … … … … … … … … … 100 98 100 … 81 19 … … … … 100 … e 91 16 … … … … 90 40 89 49 … …

140

None

2015 MDG 4 DTP3 immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a (%) Sex Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of mother Secondary or higher Children aged < 5 years who are stunted a (%) Sex Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of mother Secondary or higher Under-five mortality rate a,d (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Sex Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of mother Secondary or higher … … 29 … 26 … … … … 36 … … … 61 … … … 67 … … … 67 … 36 73 26 … … … 29 … … … … … … … 20 … 58 … … 32 … … … 89 96 … Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Iceland Member State

Highest

Highest … … 27 … 19 … … … … … … … 50 … … … … … … … 44 20 … … … 22 … … … … … … … … 69 … … 27 … … … 81 …

Female

Lowest

Urban

Rural

None

… … 76 … 97 … … … … 35 … … … 73 … … … 93 … … … 53 … 82 65 96 … … … 73 … 71 … … … … … 99 97 83 … … 87 55 … … 84 69 …

… … 73 … 98 … … … … 39 … … … 73 … … … 93 … … … 47 … 87 60 95 … … … 71 … 69 … … … … … 98 97 90 … … 88 56 … … 84 74 …

… … … … 74 75 … … 97 99 … … … … … … … … 33 62 … … … … … … 62 75 … … … … … … 94 92 … … … … … … 46 61 … … 84 88 61 65 97 94 … … … … … … 67 77 … … 57 76 … … … … … … … … … … 98 99 98 95 86 88 … … … … 91 80 52 68 … … … … 82 91 67 76 … …

… … … … 67 85 … … 97 99 … … … … … … … … 26 64 … … … … … … 62 72 … … … … … … 93 94 … … … … … … 32 63 … … 77 86 55 68 96 98 … … … … … … 53 85 … … 55 82 … … … … … … … … … … 96 99 97 95 78 90 … … … … 94 75 37 81 … … … … 73 88 58 79 … …

… … 54 … 97 … … … … 32 … … … 76 … … … 92 … … … 46 … …e 47 94 … … … 28 … 56 … … … … … 77 … 82 … … …e 33 … … …e 68 …

… … … … 78 11 … … 99 31 … … … … … … … … 73 46 … … … … … … 75 19 … … … … … … 95 25 … … … … … … 72 32 … … 86 20 72 22 96 24 … … … … … … 78 … … … 82 22 … … … … … … … … … … 99 9 … 13 92 37 … … … … 88 20 76 46 … … … … 88 41 81 34 … …

… … 8 … 27 … … … … 42 … … … 13 … … … 20 … … … 29 … 17 19 20 … … … … … 21 … … … … … 6 13 33 … … 15 43 … … 35 29 …

… … 13 … 30 … … … … 46 … … … 28 … … … 26 … … … 36 … 21 23 29 … … … … … 23 … … … … … 9 13 37 … … 18 49 … … 40 33 …

… … 8 … 27 … … … … 31 … … … 14 … … … 18 … … … 17 … 11 16 14 … … … … … 21 … … … … … 7 13 27 … … 18 27 … … 29 30 …

… … 16 … 30 … … … … 49 … … … 30 … … … 33 … … … 33 … 31 30 42 … … … … … 24 … … … … … 14 14 44 … … 18 61 … … 45 35 …

… … 4 … 27 … … … … 29 … … … 5 … … … 12 … … … 15 … 10 6 7 … … … … … 21 … … … … … 2 12 25 … … 19 20 … … 28 20 …

… … 14 … 30 … … … … 47 … … … 14 … … … 29 … … … 33 … 23 34 49 … … … … … 24 … … … … … 12 … 39 … … 58 … … 41 f 32 …

… … 8 … 28 … … … … 20 … … … 13 … … … 17 … … … 17 … 15 12 10 … … … … … 20 … … … … … 7 … 25 … … 29 … … 31 29 …

… … 40 … 38 … … … … 121 … … … 71 … … … 93 … … … 141 … 41 104 29 … … … 48 … … … … … … … 21 … 90 … … 31 … … … 123 112 …

… … … … 34 37 … … 28 36 … … … … … … … … 97 114 … … … … … … 56 76 … … … … … … 75 90 … … … … … … 123 147 … … 39 38 80 88 29 30 … … … … … … 37 51 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 19 19 … … 77 85 … … … … 33 32 … … … … … … 87 111 110 118 … …

… … 37 … 29 … … … … 82 … … … 61 … … … 75 … … … 88 … 46 29 … … … 33 … … … … … … … 21 … 75 … … 33 … … … 89 …

… … 53 … 48 … … … … 136 … … … 75 … … … 102 … … … 171 … 33 39 … … … 70 … … … … … … … 28 … 97 … … 35 … … … 107 …

84 120 … … … 72 … … … … … … … …g 30 … … … 98 … … … … … … … … 86 … … …g … … … …g …

60 102

68 138

100 105

62 114

None … … 56 … 44 … … … …

Male

11 17h

… e 18

104 129

99 120

141

Table 8

8. Health inequities MDG 5 Member State Source Contraceptive prevalence: modern methods a (%) Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of woman Secondary or higher Antenatal care coverage: at least 4 visits a,b (%) Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of woman Secondary or higher Births attended by skilled health personnel a,c (%) Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of woman Secondary or higher … … 76 88 … 99 93 … … 92 … … … … 99 … … 91 … 92 … 63 … … … 75 76 … … … 81 … … … … 95 81 … … … … … … … 88 … … … …

Highest

Lowest

Urban

Rural

None

… … 28 41 … 28 7 … … 3 … … … … 55 … … 7 … 43 … 42 … … … 10 6 … … … 23 … … … … 45 37 … … … … … … … 45 … … … …

… … 36 50 … 26 22 … … 14 … … … … 46 … … 21 … 64 … 50 … … … 27 17 … … … 32 … … … … 55 38 … … … … … … … 47 … … … …

… … 18 35 … 29 3 … … 1 … … … … 56 … … 3 … 30 … 36 … … … 9 1 … … … 18 … … … … 41 33 … … … … … … … 38 … … … …

… … 36 48 … 26 23 … … 16 … … … … 44 … … 30 … 68 … 49 … … … 24 23 … … … 32 … … … … 59 34 … … … … … … … 50 … … … …

… … 18 37 … 36 8 … … 4 … … … … 46 … … 5 … 32 … 49 … … … 10 2 … … … 23 … … … … 40 16 … … … … … … … 37 … … … …

… … 34 48 … 20 27 … … 19 … … … … 50 … … 31 … 63 … 37 … … … 30 20 … … … 30 … … … … 55 38 … … … … … … … 52 … … … …

… … 46 45 … 87 35 … … … … … … … 80 … … 47 … 68 … 48 … … … 30 38 … … … 26 … … … … 91 81 … … … … … … … 35 … … … …

… … 70 49 … 80 67 … … … … … … … 82 … … 59 … 73 … 72 … … … 46 74 … … … 62 … … … … 96 88 … … … … … … … 40 … … … …

… … 35 41 … 88 24 … … … … … … … 78 … … 39 … 64 … 28 … … … 24 18 … … … 13 … … … … 89 71 … … … … … … … 34 … … … …

… … 75 51 … 80 71 … … … … … … … 83 … … 67 … 76 … 84 … … … 47 86 … … … 77 … … … … 99 95 … … … … … … … 42 … … … …

… … 37 44 … 83 36 … … … … … … … 73 … … 43 … 51 … 29 … … … 30 28 … … … 20 … … … … 85 42 … … … … … … … 33 … … … …

… … 67 52 … 86 71 … … … … … … … 82 … … 71 … 75 … 75 … … … 57 80 … … … 68 … … … … 96 88 … … … … … … … 43 … … … …

… … 39 69 … 93 51 … … 39 … … … … 98 … … 44 … 72 … 32 … … … 21 23 … … … 44 … … … … 70 64 … … … … … … … 67 … … … …

… … 82 84 … 99 92 … … 90 … … … … 99 … … 80 … 94 … 73 … … … 83 67 … … … 71 … … … … 96 83 … … … … … … … 82 … … … …

… … 22 63 … 89 35 … … 21 … … … … 98 … … 31 … 60 … 11 … … … 12 6 … … … 30 … … … … 61 42 … … … … … … … 61 … … … …

… … … … 90 23 89 61 … … 99 85 94 54 … … … … 95 45 … … … … … … … … 99 98 … … … … 89 40 … … 98 50 … … 82 19 … … … … … … 71 24 85 12 … … … … … … 85 38 … … … … … … … … 99 57 96 17 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 86 57 … … … … … … … …

142

None

2015 MDG 4 DTP3 immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a (%) Sex Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of mother Secondary or higher Children aged < 5 years who are stunted a (%) Sex Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of mother Secondary or higher Under-five mortality rate a,d (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Sex Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of mother Secondary or higher … … 54 94 … 12 60 … … … … … … … … … … 77 … 54 … 40 … … … 90 85 … … … 54 … … … … 20 25 … … … … … … … 63 … … … … Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Niue Member State

Highest

Highest … … 48 … 21 … … … … … … … … … … … 30 … 35 … … … … … … … … … … 14 16 … … … … … … … … … … …

Female

Lowest

Urban

Rural

None

… … 73 93 … 98 64 … … 56 … … … … 93 … … 77 … 84 … 92 … … … 68 40 … … … 67 … … … … 86 87 … … … … … … … 97 … … … …

… … 73 94 … 98 63 … … 55 … … … … 93 … … 77 … 82 … 91 … … … 69 37 … … … 63 … … … … 82 85 … … … … … … … 97 … … … …

… … … … 71 89 93 94 … … 98 98 60 78 … … … … 58 52 … … … … … … … … 91 94 … … … … 73 86 … … 81 86 … … 92 95 … … … … … … 65 87 25 62 … … … … … … 59 79 … … … … … … … … 83 84 85 88 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 97 96 … … … … … … … …

… … … … 54 93 91 94 … … 98 97 49 78 … … … … 52 60 … … … … … … … … 91 96 … … … … 65 88 … … 75 94 … … 88 98 … … … … … … 53 84 7 80 … … … … … … 30 88 … … … … … … … … 83 89 79 93 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 96 99 … … … … … … … …

… … 49 89 … 98 60 … … 50 … … … … 90 f … … 72 … 62 … 86 … … … 66 12 … … … 51 … … … … 78 34 f … … … … … … … 96 … … … …

… … … … 89 53 97 51 … … 97 19 80 40 … … … … 63 30 … … … … … … … … 93 17 … … … … 85 45 … … 89 31 … … 97 41 … … … … … … 90 45 74 39 … … … … … … 86 47 … … … … … … … … 84 18 89 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 98 48 … … … … … … … …

… … 48 43 … 16 37 … … 27 … … … … 13 … … 41 … 26 … 39 … … … 41 35 … … … 41 … … … … 17 … … … … … … … … 40 … … … …

… … 51 48 … 19 42 … … 32 … … … … 20 … … 46 … 31 … 42 … … … 45 43 … … … 48 … … … … 32 … … … … … … … … 46 … … … …

… … 43 40 … 15 23 … … 24 … … … … 12 … … 35 … 24 … 27 … … … 30 26 … … … 37 … … … … 10 … … … … … … … … 28 … … … …

… … 48 56 … 21 46 … … 34 … … … … 25 … … 51 … 38 … 56 … … … 46 54 … … … 62 … … … … 38 … … … … … … … … 54 … … … …

… … 43 35 … 14 21 … … 20 … … … … 7 … … 24 … 12 … 25 … … … 34 18 … … … 23 … … … … 3 … … … … … … … … 26 … … … …

… … 49 53 … 23 40 … … 31 … … … … 28 … … 47 … 38 … 47 … … … 45 50 … … … 55 … … … … 46 … … … … … … … … 52 … … … …

… … 46 38 … 15 24 … … 18 … … … … 14 … … 27 … 23 … 29 … … … 24 21 … … … 24 … … … … 10 … … … … … … … … 23 … … … …

… … 85 136 … 29 116 … … … … … … … … … … 113 … 80 … 62 … … … 159 150 … … … 97 … … … … 27 34 … … … … … … … 104 … … … …

… … … … 78 84 116 128 … … 25 28 91 113 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 103 111 … … 58 75 … … 62 64 … … … … … … 145 162 136 166 … … … … … … 96 106 … … … … … … … … 23 33 30 38 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 96 103 … … … … … … … …

… … 63 … 23 64 … … … … … … … … … … … 60 … 45 … … … 82 99 … … … 74 … … … … 21 25 … … … … … … … 80 … … … …

… … 106 … 28 112 … … … … … … … … … … … 90 … 74 … … … 143 187 … … … 118 … … … … 36 52 … … … … … … … 115 … … … …

113 131

105 136 … 47 … … … … … … … … … … … 78 … 73 … … …

61 106

100 130

91 108

111 157 72 178 … … … … … … … 43 59 h … … … … … … … … … … …

None … … 97

Male

49 112

75 123

143

Table 8

8. Health inequities MDG 5 Member State Source Contraceptive prevalence: modern methods a (%) Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of woman Secondary or higher Antenatal care coverage: at least 4 visits a,b (%) Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of woman Secondary or higher Births attended by skilled health personnel a,c (%) Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of woman Secondary or higher … 88 … 80 100 … 79 … … … … … … … … … … 95 88 … … … 88 … 98 50 88 … … … … … … 81 99 … … 86 … … … 86 … 97 … 73 75

Highest

Lowest

Urban

Rural

None

… 40 … 9 18 … 12 … … … … … … … … … … 43 60 … … … 25 … 10 19 12 … … … … … … 23 42 … … 25 … … … 36 … MICS 2010–2011 61 … 28 56

… 28 … 27 24 … 25 … … … … … … … … … … 49 69 … … … 29 … 15 28 15 … … … … … … 39 50 … … 34 … … … 41 … 58 … 42 60

… 31 … 6 11 … 11 … … … … … … … … … … 32 55 … … … 23 … 7 14 11 … … … … … … 13 36 … … 19 … … … 28 … 65 … 31 52

… 37 … 30 31 … 26 … … … … … … … … … … 55 68 … … … 33 … 19 32 18 … … … … … … 39 53 … … 38 … … … 44 … 58 … 48 64

… 15 … 12 …e … 13 … … … … … … … … … … 19 48 … … … 23 … 7 15 9 … … … … … … 15 …e … … 18 … … … 20 … 66 … 27 42

… 32 … 29 24 … 25 … … … … … … … … … … 51 67 … … … 26 … 16 25 17 … … … … … … 38 48 … … 35 … … … 41 … 59 … 44 60

… 69 … 39 94 … 75 … … … … … … … … … … 65 76 … … … 49 … 92 53 47 … … … … … … 46 83 … … 39 … … … … … 51 … 61 64

… 76 … 59 94 … 80 … … … … … … … … … … 68 80 … … … 64 … 96 63 71 … … … … … … 57 75 … … 55 … … … … … 82 … 59 66

… 58 … 24 86 … 74 … … … … … … … … … … 59 72 … … … 29 … 91 41 37 … … … … … … 43 84 … … 37 … … … … … 27 … 59 60

… 91 … 67 96 … 80 … … … … … … … … … … 70 85 … … … 71 … 94 68 79 … … … … … … 59 76 … … 59 … … … … … 89 … 62 73

… 53 … 40 …e … 74 … … … … … … … … … … 52 81 … … … 19 … …e 44 43 … … … … … … 45 …e … … 35 … … … … … 6 … 56 68

… 82 … 68 96 … 82 … … … … … … … … … … 71 80 … … … 54 … 95 65 74 … … … … … … 56 77 … … 65 … … … … … 66 … 63 68

… 75 … 36 100 … 53 … … … … … … … … … … 86 80 … … … 86 … 98 21 43 … … … … … … 53 98 … … 42 … … … 72 … 90 … 31 58

… 89 … 78 100 … 79 … … … … … … … … … … 97 89 … … … 93 … 98 59 91 … … … … … … 89 99 … … 83 … … … 87 … 99 … 83 86

… 74 … 20 99 … 51 … … … … … … … … … … 84 65 … … … 74 … 98 11 28 … … … … … … 43 97 … … 33 … … … 55 … 72 … 27 48

… … 93 73 … … 85 42 100 … e … … 84 54 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 96 81 94 61 … … … … … … 96 70 … … 98 … e 69 14 94 37 … … … … … … … … … … … … 88 38 99 … e … … … … 90 34 … … … … … … 90 51 … … 99 45 … … 91 23 91 39

144

None

2015 MDG 4 DTP3 immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a (%) Sex Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of mother Secondary or higher Children aged < 5 years who are stunted a (%) Sex Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of mother Secondary or higher Under-five mortality rate a,d (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Sex Place of residence Wealth quintile Educational level of mother Secondary or higher … 46 … 24 … … 146 … … … … … … … … … … … 96 … … … 47 … … 66 … … … … … … … 79 19 … … 74 … … … … … … … 104 71 San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Tonga Member State

Highest

Highest … 28 … 41 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 37 … … 52 … … … … … … … 9 … … 84 … … … … … … … 57

Female

Lowest

Urban

Rural

None

… 88 … 89 … … 78 … … … … … … … … … … 56 91 … … … 94 … 95 69 71 … … … … … … 73 … … … 88 … … … 64 … 72 … 82 72

… 87 … 89 … … 79 … … … … … … … … … … 55 90 … … … 92 … 95 64 74 … … … … … … 72 … … … 88 … … … 63 … 76 … 80 75

… … 86 89 … … 87 92 … … … … 78 78 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 63 50 91 89 … … … … … … 94 92 … … 97 93 65 71 69 80 … … … … … … … … … … … … 72 76 … … … … … … 86 97 … … … … … … 62 69 … … 70 82 … … 77 90 73 76

… … 86 91 … … 80 95 … … … … 79 72 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 64 46 f 90 84 … … … … … … 93 92 … … 93 94 55 73 63 84 … … … … … … … … … … … … 75 75 … … … … … … 84 97 … … … … … … 46 67 … … 59 86 … … 78 95 67 81

… …e … 86 … … 76 … … … … … … … … … … 62 90 … … … 88 f … …e 57 65 … … … … … … 71 … … … 79 … … … 37 f … 35 f … 70 …e

… … 88 29 … … 99 20 … 6 … … 82 39 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 51 10 90 34 … … … … … … 94 26 … … 95 6 75 60 84 32 … … … … … … … … … … … … 79 37 … … … … … … 96 45 … … … … … … 71 31 … … 77 24 … … 90 48 77 35

… 30 … 17 7 … 37 … … … … … … … … … … 8 28 … … … 27 … 4 56 28 … … … … … … 29 … … … 38 … … … 20 … 22 … 42 27

… 28 … 21 8 … 40 … … … … … … … … … … 12 33 … … … 27 … 6 60 35 … … … … … … 36 … … … 44 … … … 26 … 27 … 48 32

… 30 … 13 6 … 30 … … … … … … … … … … 7 23 … … … 21 … 4 49 18 … … … … … … 18 … … … 31 … … … 26 … 12 … 39 28

… 37 … 26 9 … 42 … … … … … … … … … … 13 42 … … … 32 … 7 63 40 … … … … … … 36 … … … 48 … … … 28 … 41 … 48 35

… 19 … 11 3 … 28 … … … … … … … … … … 6 14 … … … 21 … 2 47 13 … … … … … … 22 … … … 27 … … … 24 … 6 … 34 24

… 27 … 21 …e … 39 … … … … … … … … … … 17 40 … … … 35 … …e 63 37 … … … … … … 40 … … … 45 … … … 28 … 41 … 45 38

… 25 … 10 6 … … … … … … … … … … … 6 … … … 26 … 4 52 17 … … … … … … … … … 22 … … … 25 … 20 … 30

… 86 … 82 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 51 … … 83 … … … … … … … 23 … … 97 … … … … … … … 88

… 55 … 63 … … 164 … … … … … … … … … … … 104 … … … 45 … … 76 … … … … … … … 97 13 … … 88 … … … … … … … 122 68

… 67 … 84 … … 181 … … … … … … … … … … … 106 … … … 50 … … 86 … … … … … … … 110 19 … … 91 … … … … … … … 138 78

… 74 … 52 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 42 … … 59 … … … … … … … 18 … … … … … … … … … 77

… 86 … 89 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 57 … … 87 … … … … … … … 23 h … … … … … … … … … 86

32 185

157 185

143 180 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …g … … 89 … … … … … … … …i … … 96 … … … … … … … …g

25 109

108 120

102 151

None … …g … 82 … …

Male

25 114

76 124

71 133

95 104

37 151

131 124

108 145

145

Table 8

Highest

Highest 46

Lowest

Urban

Rural

None

Ranges of country values Minimum Median Maximum 3 28 78 7 33 76 1 22 69 9 34 78 2 19 68 9 34 75 10 58 99 33 77 100 6 50 97 32 83 100 8 44 88 35 80 100 5 68 100 50 91 100 2 57 100 5 96 51 100 98

Data are derived from the re-analysis of publicly available DHS and MICS microdata, using the standard indicator definitions as published in DHS or UNICEF documentation. The analysis was carried out by the International Center for Analysis and Monitoring of Equity in Health and Nutrition based in the Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil, and updated in January 2015. In some cases there may be slight differences between these results and those reported in DHS or MICS country reports due to differences in the calculation of indicator numerators and/or denominators. Data derived from DHS relate to the most recent live births occurring in the 5 years preceding the survey. Data derived from MICS relate to the most recent live births in the 2 years preceding the survey. Data derived from DHS relate to births occurring in the 5 years preceding the survey. Data derived from MICS relate to births occurring in the 2 years preceding the survey.

d. e. f. g.

The under-five mortality rate relates to the decade preceding the survey. The figure is not reported as it is based on fewer than 25 cases. The figure is based on a small number of cases (25–49 unweighted cases). The figure is not reported as it is based on less than 250 unweighted person-years of exposure to the risk of death. The figure is based on 250–499 unweighted person-years of exposure to the risk of death. The figure cannot be calculated.

146

None

Highest

Highest 9

Female

Lowest

Urban

Rural

None

33 84 99

31 83 98

22 50 83 87 98 99

7 46 75 88 100 99

12 69 98

4 28 56

6 33 60

4 21 49

7 38 70

2 19 47

12 39 63

4 21 21 84 52 185

13 73 164

19 85 181

13 63 157

23 91 187

88 32 99 63

49 104 143 180

None 17

Male

147

Table 8

148

2015 9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Table 9 presents data on demographic and socioeconomic factors that are major determinants of health. The table includes four MDG-related indicators – adolescent fertility; primary school enrolment; population living in poverty; and cellular phone subscriber rates. The table also includes data on demographics (such as population size, growth and degree of urbanization); crude birth and death rates; total fertility rates; coverage of civil registration of births and underlying cause of death; adult literacy; and per capita gross national income. In addition to their intrinsic value, such data are also important in making other statistics comparable across countries. For example, data on disease incidence, prevalence and mortality rates – and on the availability of health-system resources – all require reliable population-based denominators. A number of the demographic and socioeconomic statistics shown in Table 9 were derived from data produced and maintained by a range of national and international organizations. The latter include the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) and its Population Division, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the World Bank. Estimates are based on a combination of administrative records, population-based surveys, censuses and civil-registration data, and on statistical modelling to adjust for missing values. For more information on the sources and methods used for a particular indicator, please refer to the relevant footnotes below and to the web site of the relevant organization.

149

Table 9

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Member State Population Civil registration coverage (%) Births c Causes of death d Crude birth rate a (per 1000 population)

Total a (000s) 2013 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo 30 552 3 173 39 208 79 21 472 90 41 446 2 977 23 343 8 495 9 413 377 1 332 156 595 285 9 357 11 104 332 10 323 754 10 671 3 829 2 021 200 362 418 7 223 16 935 10 163 499 15 135 22 254 35 182 4 616 12 825 17 620 1 393 337 48 321 735 4 448 21 4 872 20 316 4 290 11 266 1 141 10 702 24 895 67 514

Median age a (years) 2013 17 33 27 … 16 31 31 33 37 43 30 32 30 25 37 39 42 23 18 26 22 40 23 30 31 43 17 18 24 24 18 40 20 16 33 37 28 19 19 … 30 19 43 40 35 40 34 17

Aged < 15 years a (%) 2013 47 21 28 15 47 26 24 20 19 15 22 21 21 30 19 15 17 34 43 28 35 16 34 24 25 14 46 44 30 31 43 16 40 48 21 18 28 42 42 30 24 41 15 16 17 15 22 45

Aged Annual Living in > 60 years a growth rate a urban areas b (%) (%) (%) 2013 4 15 7 23 4 13 15 14 20 24 9 12 3 7 16 20 24 6 5 7 7 21 6 11 8 26 4 4 7 8 5 21 6 4 14 14 10 5 5 9 11 5 25 19 17 24 13 5 2003–2013 2.8 –0.2 1.7 0.5 3.3 1.1 0.9 –0.2 1.6 0.4 1.2 1.8 5.5 1.2 0.5 –0.4 0.7 2.5 3.0 2.0 1.7 –0.2 1.0 1.0 1.7 –0.8 2.9 3.4 0.7 1.6 2.6 1.1 1.9 3.2 1.0 0.6 1.4 2.5 2.8 1.0 1.6 1.8 –0.3 0.0 1.3 0.5 0.6 2.8 2013 26 55 70 86 43 25 92 63 89 66 54 83 89 33 32 76 98 44 43 37 68 40 57 85 77 73 28 12 64 20 53 82 40 22 89 53 76 28 65 74 75 53 58 77 67 73 61 42

2007–2013 37 99 >90 j 100 … >90 j 100 n 100 100 100 >90 j … >90 j 31 >90 j 100 n >90 j 95 80 100 76 n >90 j 72 93 n >90 j 100 77 75 91 62 61 100 61 16 99 n … 97 87 91 >90 j 100 65 >90 j 100 n >90 j 100 100 28 … 53 … >80 … 79 100 76 100 100 93 93 88 … 100 100 100 100 … … … 89 … 93 89 100 … … … … … 100 … … 100 4 98 … … 82 91 … 100 98 86 100 … …

2013 34.1 12.9 24.3 8.9 k 44.1 16.5 16.8 13.7 13.2 9.5 17.8 15.3 15.2 20.0 12.7 11.0 11.7 23.4 36.4 19.6 25.7 9.0 23.6 14.9 15.5 9.6 40.9 44.7 20.1 25.7 37.3 11.3 34.2 45.9 13.9 13.3 18.8 35.2 37.6 14.9 k 15.1 36.6 9.5 9.5 11.5 11.1 14.4 42.7

150

2015 MDG 5 Crude death Total fertility Adolescent Literacy rate rate a fertility rate e among adults rate d aged (per 1000 (per woman) (per 1000 ≥15 years f population) girls aged 15–19 (%) years) 2013 7.7 9.4 5.7 8.4 13.9 6.8 7.6 12.6 6.4 9.0 6.3 6.1 2.2 5.7 6.4 13.5 9.9 4.0 9.6 6.5 7.0 9.4 7.2 6.1 3.6 14.2 9.5 11.1 5.2 5.7 10.8 7.2 14.0 13.6 5.4 7.2 4.2 8.2 10.1 5.0 4.4 12.6 11.1 8.5 5.5 10.0 9.2 13.7 2013 4.9 1.8 2.8 1.4 k 5.9 2.1 2.2 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.5 1.9 2.7 4.8 2.2 3.2 1.3 2.6 1.8 2.0 1.5 5.6 6.0 2.3 2.9 4.8 1.7 4.4 6.3 1.8 1.7 2.3 4.7 5.0 2.3 k 1.8 4.9 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.0 5.9 2007–2012 90 12 … 5 188 … 70 28 15 9 47 40 14 128 49 21 9 … 98 59 … 14 … 65 17 42 136 65 … 30 128 14 229 203 52 6 85 70 147 56 67 125 12 54 4 11 1 135 2007–2012 … 97 … … 70 99 m 98 100 … … 100 … 92 58 … 100 … … 42 … 91 98 85 90 95 98 29 67 85 74 71 … 57 35 99 95 94 76 … … 96 57 99 100 99 … 100 67 MDG 2 Net primary school enrolment rate f (%) Male Female MDG 1 MDG 8 Member State Gross Population Cellular phone national living on <$1 subscribers i income per (PPP int. $) (per 100 capita g a day h population) (PPP int. $) (%) 2007–2012 … … 98 77 93 l 87 … 81 97 … 88 … … … 90 … 99 100 l … 89 91 89 87 … … 99 65 91 l 95 100 100 … 78 … 94 … 90 81 95 98 p … 67 95 98 99 … … … … … 97 77 78 l 85 … 83 98 … 86 … … … 98 … 99 91 … 92 92 91 88 … … 100 61 89 l 92 97 87 … 60 … 94 … 90 75 90 99 p … 56 97 98 100 … … … 2013 2 000 10 520 12 990 … 6 770 20 070 … 8 140 42 540 43 840 16 180 … … 2 810 … 16 940 40 280 8 160 1 780 7 210 5 750 9 820 15 500 14 750 … 15 200 1 560 820 6 220 2 890 2 660 42 610 600 2 000 21 030 11 850 o 11 890 1 560 4 720 … 13 570 2 900 20 370 … 28 830 25 530 … 680 2007–2013 … <2.0 … … 43.4 … <2.0 <2.0 … … <2.0 … … 43.3 … <2.0 … … 51.6 2.4 8.0 <2.0 13.4 3.8 … <2.0 44.5 … 13.7 10.1 27.6 <2.0 62.8 36.5 <2.0 6.3 5.6 … 32.8 … <2.0 35.0 <2.0 … … <2.0 … … 2013 70 116 102 81 62 … 159 112 107 156 108 76 166 67 108 119 111 53 93 72 98 91 161 135 112 145 66 25 … 134 70 78 30 36 134 89 o 104 47 105 … 146 95 115 18 95 131 10 44 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Chad

151

Table 9

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Member State Population Civil registration coverage (%) Births c Causes of death d Crude birth rate a (per 1000 population)

Total a (000s) 2013 Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho 5 619 873 72 10 404 15 738 82 056 6 340 757 6 333 1 287 94 101 881 5 426 64 291 1 672 1 849 4 341 82 727 25 905 11 128 106 15 468 11 745 1 704 800 10 317 8 098 9 955 330 1 252 140 249 866 77 447 33 765 4 627 7 733 60 990 2 784 127 144 7 274 16 441 44 354 102 3 369 5 548 6 770 2 050 4 822 2 074

Median age a (years) 2013 41 23 … 26 26 25 24 21 18 41 18 27 42 41 21 17 38 46 21 43 26 19 19 19 23 22 22 41 36 26 28 29 20 35 30 44 28 46 23 29 19 24 29 25 21 42 30 21

Aged < 15 years a (%) 2013 18 34 26 30 30 31 30 39 43 16 43 29 16 18 38 46 18 13 38 15 27 40 42 41 36 35 35 15 21 29 29 24 40 22 28 14 27 13 34 26 42 30 25 30 35 15 21 36

Aged Annual Living in > 60 years a growth rate a urban areas b (%) (%) (%) 2013 24 6 13 9 10 9 10 5 4 24 5 9 26 24 7 4 20 27 5 26 10 7 5 5 5 7 7 24 18 8 8 8 5 17 15 27 11 32 5 10 4 9 4 6 6 24 12 6 2003–2013 0.4 1.5 0.3 1.4 1.7 1.7 0.5 2.9 3.5 –0.4 2.7 0.8 0.4 0.6 2.4 3.2 –0.5 –0.1 2.4 0.1 0.3 2.5 2.4 2.3 0.6 1.4 2.0 –0.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 2.6 1.4 2.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 3.8 1.1 2.7 1.6 4.6 1.0 1.9 –1.1 2.7 0.9 2013 87 77 69 77 63 43 66 40 22 68 19 53 84 79 87 58 53 75 53 77 36 51 36 48 28 56 54 70 94 32 52 72 69 63 92 69 54 93 83 53 25 44 98 36 37 68 88 26

2007–2013 100 … >90 j 81 90 >90 j 99 54 … 100 … >90 j 100 100 90 53 100 100 63 >90 j … 97 58 24 88 80 94 100 >90 67 99 n 99 >90 j 100 100 98 100 99 100 60 94 >90 j 98 75 100 100 45 j

2013 98 … 11.3 27.5 15.6 k 20.8 20.8 23.2 20.1 35.4 36.7 10.9 33.0 20.4 11.2 12.3 31.9 42.7 13.3 8.5 30.9 9.7 19.3 31.0 36.9 37.5 20.3 25.6 25.8 9.9 14.5 20.4 18.8 18.8 31.1 15.4 20.3 9.2 18.0 8.4 27.0 20.5 34.9 23.3 20.6 27.1 26.8 11.0 13.4 27.5

100 52 80 95 78 … … 100 … 100 100 100 … … 98 100 … 100 100 92 … … 81 … 17 100 100 8 … … 65 100 100 100 … 100 65 91 … … 95 96 … 100 … …

84 n

152

2015 MDG 5 Crude death Total fertility Adolescent Literacy rate rate a fertility rate e among adults rate d aged (per 1000 (per woman) (per 1000 ≥15 years f population) girls aged 15–19 (%) years) 2013 9.6 8.8 7.2 5.9 5.3 6.4 6.6 11.5 6.3 11.3 7.2 6.9 9.4 8.7 9.0 8.2 11.5 10.6 8.1 9.7 6.9 5.2 10.1 12.3 7.9 8.6 4.5 13.0 6.2 7.9 6.2 5.1 4.8 5.9 5.1 9.5 7.1 9.5 3.7 9.7 8.3 8.2 1.9 6.6 6.7 14.2 4.4 14.1 2013 1.9 3.4 2.1 k 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.2 4.8 4.7 1.6 4.5 2.6 1.9 2.0 4.1 5.8 1.8 1.4 3.9 1.5 2.2 3.8 4.9 4.9 2.5 3.1 3.0 1.4 2.1 2.5 2.3 1.9 4.0 2.0 2.9 1.5 2.3 1.4 3.2 2.5 4.4 3.0 2.6 3.1 3.0 1.6 1.5 3.0 2007–2012 5 21 … 96 … … 63 … … 16 87 … 8 9 115 88 40 8 … 10 … 92 154 137 … 65 99 18 11 39 47 23 … 14 13 7 72 5 27 31 … 49 9 41 94 19 … 92 2007–2012 … … … 90 92 74 85 94 69 100 39 … … … 89 51 100 … 67 97 … 76 41 55 85 q … 85 99 … … 93 85 79 … … 99 87 … 96 100 87 … 94 99 … 100 90 90 MDG 2 Net primary school enrolment rate f (%) Male Female MDG 1 MDG 8 Member State Gross Population Cellular phone national living on <$1 subscribers i income per (PPP int. $) (per 100 capita g a day h population) (PPP int. $) (%) 2007–2012 95 57 96 93 … … 96 59 40 98 90 98 98 99 … 68 96 … 84 99 96 99 89 77 81 … 97 98 99 99 … … 95 l 99 97 100 83 … 91 100 84 l … 97 96 98 95 97 73 97 51 97 91 … … 96 59 34 97 84 100 98 99 … 71 94 … 82 99 99 98 78 73 85 … 98 98 99 98 … … 84 l 100 98 99 81 … 91 100 85 l … 100 96 96 97 97 76 2013 44 460 … 9 800 11 150 10 310 10 850 7 490 23 240 1 180 24 230 1 350 7 610 38 480 37 580 17 220 1 620 7 040 44 540 3 880 25 630 11 120 7 130 1 160 1 240 6 550 1 710 4 270 … 38 870 5 350 9 260 15 600 15 220 … 32 140 34 100 8 480 37 630 11 660 20 570 2 250 2 780 … 3 070 4 570 22 970 17 390 3 320 2007–2013 <2.0 … … 2.3 4.0 <2.0 2.5 … … <2.0 36.8 5.9 <2.0 … … … 14.1 <2.0 … <2.0 … 13.7 40.9 … … … 16.5 <2.0 <2.0 24.7 16.2 … 3.9 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 … <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 … … … 5.1 30.3 <2.0 … 56.2 2013 128 28 130 88 112 122 136 68 6 160 27 101 172 99 215 100 115 119 108 117 126 140 63 74 69 69 96 116 108 71 122 84 96 103 123 159 100 115 142 181 71 17 190 121 66 137 81 86 Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Ireland

153

Table 9

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Member State Population Civil registration coverage (%) Births c Causes of death d Crude birth rate a (per 1000 population)

Total a (000s) 2013 Liberia Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis 4 294 6 202 3 017 530 22 925 16 363 29 717 345 15 302 429 53 3 890 1 244 122 332 104 38 2 839 621 33 008 25 834 53 259 2 303 10 27 797 16 759 4 506 6 080 17 831 173 615 1 5 043 3 632 182 143 21 3 864 7 321 6 802 30 376 98 394 38 217 10 608 2 169 49 263 3 487 21 699 142 834 11 777 54

Median age a (years) 2013 19 27 39 39 18 17 27 25 16 41 … 20 35 27 21 … 27 37 27 17 29 21 … 22 42 37 23 15 18 … 39 26 23 … 28 21 24 27 23 39 42 32 39 36 39 38 18 …

Aged < 15 years a (%) 2013 43 30 15 17 42 45 26 29 47 15 30 40 20 29 35 18 27 19 28 45 25 36 30 35 17 20 33 50 44 30 19 23 34 30 28 38 32 29 34 15 15 13 15 17 15 16 43 26

Aged Annual Living in > 60 years a growth rate a urban areas b (%) (%) (%) 2013 5 7 21 19 5 5 9 7 4 24 9 5 14 10 7 24 6 19 8 5 8 5 9 8 23 19 7 4 5 9 22 4 7 9 10 5 8 9 6 21 25 2 17 17 21 19 4 13 2003–2013 3.2 1.3 –1.1 1.7 2.8 2.9 1.8 1.8 3.1 0.4 0.1 2.7 0.3 1.2 –0.3 1.4 1.4 0.1 1.1 2.6 0.7 1.5 –0.0 1.3 0.4 1.1 1.3 3.8 2.7 –2.7 1.0 4.2 1.8 0.6 1.8 2.3 1.8 1.2 1.7 –0.0 0.2 11.9 0.6 –1.1 –0.2 –0.1 2.5 1.3 2013 49 78 67 90 34 16 73 43 38 95 72 59 40 79 22 100 70 64 59 32 33 45 100 18 89 86 58 18 46 41 80 77 38 86 66 13 59 78 45 61 62 99 82 45 54 74 27 32

2007–2013 4n … 100 >90 j 83 2n >90 j 93 81 100 96 59 >90 j 93 n … … 99 >90 j 94 48 72 78 n 83 42 100 100 85 64 30 >90 j 100 … 34 … >90 j … 76 n 96 90 100 100 >90 100 >90 j >90 j 63 … j n n

2013 … … 35.5 20.7 11.3 11.6 34.7 39.8 17.7 22.0 47.1 9.2 27.2 k 34.1 11.5 18.4 23.5 6.8 k 22.7 11.6 22.7 38.9 17.2 26.0 26.4 k 21.0 10.7 13.8 22.7 49.7 41.2 … 12.4 20.9 25.2 10.9 k 19.4 28.9 23.7 19.7 24.4 10.8 8.7 11.0 9.6 12.1 10.3 11.8 35.2 13.8 k

100 100 … … 56 84 … 100 … … 100 99 … >80 92 100 25 … … … … … 100 100 68 … … … 100 87 … … 90 … 81 69 90 100 100 77 99 90 100 100 … 79

>90 j

154

2015 MDG 5 Crude death Total fertility Adolescent Literacy rate rate a fertility rate e among adults rate d aged (per 1000 (per woman) (per 1000 ≥15 years f population) girls aged 15–19 (%) years) 2013 8.0 4.2 12.0 6.8 7.0 9.0 5.0 3.5 11.2 7.5 6.6 7.8 7.4 5.3 6.1 8.7 6.7 9.5 6.4 11.8 8.4 5.7 3.5 6.6 8.3 6.3 4.8 10.2 11.9 5.9 8.1 2.8 7.3 5.9 5.0 7.7 4.8 4.4 5.9 10.0 9.1 1.3 5.5 12.4 11.8 14.8 6.4 8.5 2013 4.8 2.4 1.5 1.7 4.5 5.4 2.0 2.3 6.8 1.4 3.3 k 4.7 1.5 2.2 3.3 1.5 k 2.4 1.7 2.7 5.2 1.9 3.1 2.9 k 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.5 7.6 6.0 … 1.9 2.9 3.2 1.7 k 2.5 3.8 2.9 2.4 3.0 1.4 1.3 2.0 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 4.5 1.8 k 2007–2012 149 … 15 7 … 157 13 16 172 17 85 … 31 85 33 … 19 14 32 166 … … 81 87 5 25 92 206 122 16 7 12 48 27 81 … 63 67 … 14 13 20 2 26 35 26 41 … 2007–2012 61 90 100 … 65 q 61 q 93 … 33 … … 59 89 94 … … 97 99 67 56 93 89 … 57 q … … … … 61 … … 87 55 … 94 62 94 90 95 100 95 96 … 99 98 100 66 q … MDG 2 Net primary school enrolment rate f (%) Male Female MDG 1 MDG 8 Member State Gross Population Cellular phone national living on <$1 subscribers i income per (PPP int. $) (per 100 capita g a day h population) (PPP int. $) (%) 2007–2012 42 … 94 94 … 91 … 94 72 93 … 73 … 99 … … 99 94 … 92 … 84 … … 100 99 93 70 60 … 99 98 79 … 98 … 84 97 88 97 99 95 99 91 88 95 89 l 86 40 … 94 96 … 98 … 95 63 94 … 77 … 100 … … 98 95 … 88 … 89 … … 99 100 95 57 55 … 99 97 65 … 97 … 84 97 90 97 100 95 98 90 87 96 92 l 89 2013 790 … 24 500 … 1 350 750 22 460 9 890 1 540 28 030 4 620 2 850 17 220 16 110 3 840 … 8 810 14 600 7 000 1 040 … 9 590 … 2 260 43 210 … 4 440 910 5 360 … 66 520 … 4 920 14 540 19 290 2 430 7 640 11 360 7 820 22 300 25 360 123 860 33 440 5 190 18 060 23 200 1 430 20 400 2007–2013 83.8 … <2.0 … 87.7 72.2 <2.0 … 50.6 … … 23.4 <2.0 <2.0 … … … <2.0 2.6 60.7 … 23.5 … 23.7 <2.0 … 8.5 40.8 62.0 … <2.0 … 12.7 … 4.0 … 3.0 2.9 19.0 <2.0 … … … <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 63.0 … 2013 60 165 151 149 36 32 145 181 129 130 … 103 123 86 30 94 124 160 129 48 13 r 110 … 72 114 106 112 39 73 … 117 155 70 90 163 41 104 98 105 150 113 153 111 106 106 153 57 142 Liberia Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Palau

155

Table 9

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Member State Population Civil registration coverage (%) Births c Causes of death d Crude birth rate a (per 1000 population)

Total a (000s) 2013 Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe 182 109 190 31 193 28 829 14 133 9 511 93 6 092 5 412 5 450 2 072 561 10 496 52 776 11 296 46 927 21 273 37 964 539 1 250 9 571 8 078 21 898 8 208 67 010 2 107 1 133 6 817 105 1 341 10 997 74 933 5 240 10 37 579 45 239 9 346 63 136 49 253 320 051 3 407 28 934 253 30 405 91 680 24 407 14 539 14 150

Median age a (years) 2013 31 29 21 … 19 28 18 39 33 19 38 38 42 20 16 26 19 41 31 19 29 20 41 42 22 22 37 37 17 19 21 33 30 29 26 … 16 40 30 40 18 37 34 25 22 27 30 19 17 20

Aged < 15 years a (%) 2013 24 25 38 14 42 29 44 16 22 42 16 15 14 40 47 30 42 15 25 41 27 38 17 15 35 36 18 17 46 42 37 21 23 26 29 30 48 14 15 18 45 20 22 29 37 29 23 40 47 40

Aged Annual Living in > 60 years a growth rate a urban areas b (%) (%) (%) 2013 12 10 8 27 5 5 5 21 10 4 16 19 24 5 5 9 5 23 13 5 10 5 26 23 6 5 15 18 5 4 8 14 11 11 7 9 4 21 1 23 5 20 19 7 6 9 10 5 4 6 2003–2013 1.2 0.1 0.7 0.9 2.7 2.3 2.8 –0.6 1.0 2.6 2.4 0.1 0.4 2.3 2.7 1.2 4.2 1.1 0.9 2.4 1.0 1.4 0.7 1.0 2.4 2.3 0.4 0.1 1.9 2.6 0.5 0.4 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.3 3.4 –0.6 10.2 0.6 2.9 0.9 0.2 1.2 2.4 1.6 1.0 2.5 2.9 1.1 2013 19 50 19 94 64 83 43 55 53 39 100 54 50 21 39 64 18 79 18 34 66 21 86 74 57 27 48 57 32 39 24 9 67 72 49 58 15 69 85 82 30 81 95 36 26 89 32 34 40 33

2007–2013 92 >90 j 48 >90 j 75 … 73 99 >90 j 78 >90 j >90 j 100 … … 85 n 35 100 97 59 99 50 100 100 … 88 99 100 55 78 … … 99 94 … 50 30 100 100 n 100 16 100 100 n >90 j 43 n 81 n 95 17 n 14 49 n

2013 85 15.4 16.3 26.2 8.8 k 33.9 19.4 37.7 9.7 16.6 36.6 9.9 10.7 10.0 30.8 43.8 20.9 36.1 10.4 17.9 33.5 17.7 29.9 12.0 10.4 24.0 33.0 10.2 10.7 35.8 36.4 25.5 14.5 17.2 16.8 21.3 23.6 43.2 10.8 14.5 12.2 39.2 13.2 14.5 21.5 26.6 19.8 15.5 31.1 42.8 31.3

100 … >80 … 51 … 90 100 … 74 100 100 … … 91 … 100 … … 100 … 100 100 92 … … 100 … … … 85 37 78 … … … 99 87 100 … 98 99 … … 100 … … … …

156

2015 MDG 5 Crude death Total fertility Adolescent Literacy rate rate a fertility rate e among adults rate d aged (per 1000 (per woman) (per 1000 ≥15 years f population) girls aged 15–19 (%) years) 2013 7.0 6.5 5.2 10.2 6.5 3.2 7.0 11.9 6.7 16.8 4.5 9.4 9.1 5.4 12.7 11.1 11.1 8.2 6.6 7.8 4.6 11.8 9.6 7.7 3.5 6.0 7.6 9.4 6.0 9.6 6.7 9.6 5.5 5.7 8.8 8.7 9.2 15.1 1.1 8.9 7.8 8.4 9.1 6.4 4.5 4.8 5.8 6.7 9.7 9.8 2013 1.9 2.0 4.1 1.5 k 4.1 2.6 4.9 1.4 2.2 4.7 1.3 1.4 1.5 4.0 6.6 2.4 4.9 1.5 2.3 4.4 2.3 3.3 1.9 1.5 3.0 3.8 1.4 1.4 5.9 4.6 3.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.3 3.0 5.9 1.5 1.8 1.9 5.2 2.0 2.0 2.3 3.4 2.4 1.7 4.1 5.7 3.5 2007–2012 … 70 39 1 … … 80 19 70 125 3 23 5 62 … 54 38 10 … 102 66 89 6 3 … 47 60 18 54 88 30 … 7 32 … 42 146 28 34 22 128 34 60 … 66 101 38 … … 112 2007–2012 … … 99 … 89 87 50 98 92 m 43 96 … 100 … … 93 … 98 91 … 95 88 … … 84 100 … 97 58 60 … 99 79 94 100 … 73 100 … … 73 … 98 99 83 96 93 65 71 84 q MDG 2 Net primary school enrolment rate f (%) Male Female MDG 1 MDG 8 Member State Gross Population Cellular phone national living on <$1 subscribers i income per (PPP int. $) (per 100 capita g a day h population) (PPP int. $) (%) 2007–2012 88 … 91 75 97 97 77 95 … … … … 98 88 … 90 l … 100 94 … 92 85 100 99 100 100 90 97 91 … … 98 … 100 … … 93 92 … 100 99 95 100 94 … 95 … 83 96 … 88 … 96 74 98 97 81 94 … … … … 97 87 … 91 l … 100 94 … 93 80 99 100 100 96 89 99 91 … … 97 … 98 … … 95 93 … 100 98 96 99 92 … 95 … 70 98 … 2013 10 350 10 610 4 840 … 2 950 53 780 2 240 12 020 r 23 270 1 750 76 850 25 500 28 130 1 810 … 12 240 2 190 31 850 9 470 2 370 15 860 6 220 44 760 56 580 … 2 500 13 510 11 520 6 410 1 180 5 450 26 210 10 960 18 760 12 920 5 990 1 370 8 960 … 35 760 1 750 53 960 18 930 5 340 2 840 17 890 5 030 3 820 3 070 1 560 2007–2013 … … … … 43.5 … 34.1 <2.0 <2.0 56.6 … <2.0 <2.0 … … 9.4 … 2.3 4.1 19.8 … 39.3 … … … 6.5 <2.0 <2.0 34.9 52.5 … … <2.0 <2.0 … … 37.8 <2.0 … <2.0 43.5 <2.0 <2.0 … … … 2.4 … 74.3 … 2013 116 115 … 117 65 177 93 119 r 147 44 156 114 110 58 49 148 25 107 96 73 127 72 124 134 56 92 138 106 57 63 55 145 116 93 117 34 44 138 172 124 56 96 155 74 59 102 131 69 72 96 Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

157

Table 9

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Member State Population Civil registration coverage (%) Births c Causes of death d Crude birth rate a (per 1000 population)

Total a (000s) 2013

Median age a (years) 2013

Aged < 15 years a (%) 2013

Aged Annual Living in > 60 years a growth rate a urban areas b (%) (%) (%) 2013 2003–2013 2013

2007–2013

2013

Ranges of country values Minimum Median Maximum 1 7 906 1 393 337 15 27 46 13 29 50 1 9 32 –2.7 1.3 11.9 9 57 100 2 91 100 4 99 100 6.8 20.0 49.7

WHO region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region 927 371 966 495 1 855 068 906 996 612 580 1 857 588 19 32 27 39 24 37 42 24 29 18 33 19 5 14 8 21 7 15 2.6 1.1 1.3 0.3 2.0 0.7 38 80 35 71 51 56 … … … … … … … … … … … … 37.1 16.1 19.6 12.3 25.0 13.9

Income group Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income 848 668 2 554 925 2 449 819 1 272 686 20 25 34 40 39 31 21 17 6 8 13 22 2.2 1.5 0.8 0.6 30 39 62 80 … … … … … … … … 32.0 23.2 15.3 11.6

Global a.

7 126 098

1.2

…

19.5

World Population Prospects: the 2012 Revision. New York: Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat; 2013. World Urbanization Prospects: the 2014 Revision. New York: Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat; 2014. UNICEF Global Databases 2014. Based on DHS, MICS, other national household surveys, censuses and vital registration systems. November 2014 update. The standard definition includes the percentage of children under 5 years of age who were registered at the moment of the survey. The numerator of this indicator includes children whose birth certificate was seen by the interviewer, or whose mother or carer said that the birth had been registered. Calculated on the basis of data available as of January 2015 in the WHO Mortality Database (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/mortality_data/en/). 2014 Update for the MDG Database: Adolescent Birth Rate. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; 2014 (http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/dataset/fertility/ data/2014_Update_MDG(5.4)_ABR.xls). WHO regional, income-group and global figures refer to 2011 and use the actual data point closest to the reference year. Data centre. Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics; February 2014 update (http://www.uis.unesco.org/Pages/DataCentre.aspx). WHO regional and incomegroup figures are estimated using different techniques based upon the type of data most recently available. For an explanation of methods see: http://www.uis.unesco. org/Education/Pages/FAQ.aspx#theme3. PPP int. $ = Purchasing Power Parity at international dollar rate. World development indicators database [online database]. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2014 (http:// data.worldbank.org/, accessed 15 December 2014). The income-group and global estimates include non-Member States as reported in the World development indicators database.

World development indicators database [online database]. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2014 (http://data.worldbank.org/, accessed 15 December 2014). These figures reflect the World Bank default poverty line. World telecommunication/ICT indicators database 2014 [online database]. Geneva: International Telecommunication Union; 18th Edition (http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/ Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx, accessed 15 December 2014). Demographic Yearbook 2013. New York: United Nations Statistics Division; 2013 (http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2013.htm, accessed 15 December 2015). Countries with the code “C” as noted in above source table are represented here as > 90. International data base (IDB) [online database]. Washington, DC: United States Census Bureau; 2014 (http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/ informationGateway.php, accessed 15 December 2014). Figure estimated by UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). Literacy rates are estimates for current decade based on survey or census data from previous decade. Data differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of a country. Figure does not include Hong Kong or Macao. National estimation. Data based on a reading test in a national household survey. A reading test typically yields lower literacy rates than the self or household declaration used in most censuses and surveys. Care should be taken when analysing trends over time and in interpreting the results. Figure does not include Kosovo.

l. m.

n. o. p. q.

158

2015 MDG 5 Crude death Total fertility Adolescent Literacy rate rate a fertility rate e among adults rate d aged (per 1000 (per woman) (per 1000 ≥15 years f population) girls aged 15–19 (%) years) 2013 2013 2007–2012 2007–2012 MDG 2 Net primary school enrolment rate f (%) Male Female MDG 1 MDG 8 Member State Gross Population Cellular phone national living on <$1 subscribers i income per (PPP int. $) (per 100 capita g a day h population) (PPP int. $) (%) 2007–2012 2013 2007–2013 2013

1.1 8.0 16.8

1.3 2.0 7.6

1 40 229

29 91 100

40 95 100

34 95 100

600 9 800 123 860

<2.0 3.0 87.7

6 106 215

Minimum Median Maximum

10.1 6.7 7.5 10.2 6.2 7.1

4.9 2.1 2.4 1.7 3.1 1.8

116 63 48 20 48 13

64 94 70 99 69 94

80 96 96 97 85 96

76 96 97 97 76 96

3 682 28 962 5 987 27 369 10 968 14 238

47.0 2.7 23.9 <2.0 8.9 6.4

67 107 78 125 94 96

African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacific Region

8.5 7.9 6.9 9.1

4.0 2.9 1.9 1.7

112 52 32 20

63 71 94 …

82 91 96 97

79 89 96 98

1 780 5 953 13 402 40 335

43.6 22.7 5.2 <2.0

53 85 100 120

Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

7.8

2.5

14 233

14.6

Global

159

Table 9

Annex 1. Regional and income groupings WHO regional groupings 1 WHO African Region: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea*, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, South Sudan*,2 Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe. WHO Region of the Americas: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of). WHO South-East Asia Region: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste*. WHO European Region: Albania, Andorra*, Armenia*, Austria, Azerbaijan*, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina*, Bulgaria, Croatia*, Cyprus, Czech Republic*, Denmark, Estonia*, Finland, France, Georgia*, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan*, Kyrgyzstan*, Latvia*, Lithuania*, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro*, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova*, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia*, Slovakia*, Slovenia*, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan*, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia*, Turkey, Turkmenistan*, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan*. WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. WHO Western Pacific Region: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Japan, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands*, Micronesia (Federated States of)*, Mongolia, Nauru*, New Zealand, Niue*, Palau*, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu*, Vanuatu, Viet Nam. 1. 2.

Member States indicated with an * may have data for periods prior to their official membership of WHO. South Sudan became an independent state in July 2011 and a WHO Member State in September 2011, when it automatically fell within the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. In May 2013, South Sudan was reassigned to the WHO African Region. In this publication, unless otherwise noted, the data for South Sudan are included in the figures given for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region if the reference year is prior to 2013 and for the WHO African Region if the reference year is 2013. For indicators involving time-series data the assignment of South Sudan was based upon the latest reference year, unless otherwise noted. 160

2015

Income groupings1,2 Low income: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Tajikistan, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zimbabwe. Lower middle income: Armenia, Bhutan, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, El Salvador, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Mauritania, Micronesia (Federated States of), Mongolia, Morocco, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Republic of Moldova, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Timor-Leste, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia. Upper middle income: Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Colombia, Cook Islands**, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Namibia, Nauru**, Niue**, Palau, Panama, Peru, Romania, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Serbia, Seychelles, South Africa, Suriname, Thailand, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of). High income: Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay.

World Bank list of economies (July 2014). Washington, DC: World Bank; 2014 (http://siteresources.worldbank. org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/CLASS.XLS). Member States marked with an ** have been classified into income groups using gross domestic product. 161

00 1 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 1 0101 010 1010 100 010 101 101 0 11 00 101 0 010 0 001 101 010 01 10 1

00001001001001010000100101000 10010101010011010100100001010 10100001010010001010010100101 00101010100001001001001010000 01010101010010101010011010100 01010010010100001010010001010 10100000100010101010000100100 00101010100101010101001010101 11100101010101001001010000101 10001001001010000010001010101 10010010010010101010010101010 01001010111110010101010100100 01000101001000100100101000001 00100101001001001001001010101 00010101000100101011111001010 10010010001000101001000100100 10100100100100101001001001001 10010101000010101000100101011 10100011001001001000100010100 01010101001010010010010010100 10101001001001010100001010100 010111111001010001100100100100 00100010100101010100101001001 10100101001010100100100101010 101010000101011111100101000110 01001010010010001010010101010 01001010001010010100101010010 010111110101010000101011111100 10111010001001010010010001010 00101001001001010001010010100 10010010100101111101010100001 01010010111011101000100101001 01111010100010100100100101000 00100010001001001010010111110 10100010010101001011101110100 00101010100111101010001010010 10010100100010001000100100101 10100001001010001001010100101 10101001000010101010011110101 00010100101001010010001001000 10010010010100001001010001001 01010100110101001000010101010 00010100100010100101001010010 01010100001001001001010000100 10101010010101010011010100100 10010010100001010010001010010 00000100010101010000100100100 01010100101010101001010101001 01000010100100010100101001010 00101010100001001001001010000 01010101010010101010011010100 01010010010100001010010001010 10100000100010101010000100100 00101010100101010101001010101 11100101010101001001010000101 10100010010100100100010100101 10010010010100010100101001010 010100101111101010100001010111 01011101110100010010100100100 10111011101000100101001001000 10100010100100100101000101001 10001001001010010111110101010 10010101001011101110100010010 10100111101010001010010010010 00100010001000100100101001011 01001010001001010100101110111 01000010101010011110101000101 00101001010010001000100010010 01001010000100101000100101010 10011010100100001010101001111 10010001010010100101001000100 00001001001001010000100101000 10010101010011010100100001010 10100001010010001010010100101

The World Health Statistics series is WHO’s annual compilation of health-related data for its 194 Member States, and includes a summary of the progress made towards achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and associated targets. The series is produced by the WHO Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems of the Health Systems and Innovation Cluster. As in previous years, 世界卫生统计系列是世界卫生组织每年对其 World Health Statistics 2015 has been compiled using publications and databases produced and maintained 193个成员国健康相关数据的编辑，还包括对实现 by WHO technical programmes and regional offices. A number of 卫生千年发展目标和其他相关目标取得的进展的 demographic and socioeconomic statistics have also been derived from databases maintained by a range of other organizations. 概述。

正如先前的版本，《2010年世界卫生统计》 All the indicators shown have been included on the basis of their 的编纂也使用了世界卫生组织技术项目和区域办 relevance to global public health, the availability and quality of the data, and the reliability公室持续发布的公示和数据库资料。指标的纳入 and comparability of the resulting estimates. Taken together, these indicators provide a comprehensive summary 基于其对全球公共卫生的适用性，数据的可获得 of the current status of national health and health systems in key 性和质量情况及终估计值的信度和可比性。这些 areas. 指标对国民健康和关键地区卫生系统的现状提供 WHO presents World Health Statistics 2015 as an integral part of 了全年的描述。 its ongoing efforts to provide enhanced access to comparable 为尽可能确保各国报告数据的最优使用 — high-quality statistics on core measures of population health and national health systems. Unless otherwise stated, all estimates have 需要处理和调整缺失值，校正已知偏倚和使各国 been cleared following consultation with Member States and are 之间数据可比性最大化。此外，还使用了统计技 published here as official WHO figures.

术和模型法来填补空白的数据。

世界卫生组织提供的《2010年世界卫生统计》是其为提高人们获取高质量的人群健康指标和各国卫生系统指标数据机会而不断努力的一部分。如无其他说明，所有的估计值均已澄清了各会员国的异议，并作为世界卫生组织的官方数据公布于此。 isbn 978 92 4 156488 5 ISBN 978 92 4 156398 7

9 789241 563987

Основные сведения

Организация Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ / WHO)

Тип документа Publications

Дата принятия 11 мая 2015 г.

Источник Всемирная организация здравоохранения