Contraception within the context of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive lives: country profile: Tanzania

United Republic of Tanzania Contraception within the context of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive lives: Country profile SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS Both Sexes Female Male 10-19 years 10-14 years 15-19 years 10-14 years 15-19 years Total population of adolescents (millions)1 (2020) 14.1 3.8 3.2 3.9 3.2 % of total population that are adolescents1 (2020) 23.6 12.7 10.7 13.0 10.9 % of adolescents that live in rural areas2 (2014) 68.9 71.5 61.6 73.7 67.2 % of total rural population that are adolescents2 (2014) 23.0 13.0 9.3 13.5 10.2 % of total urban population that are adolescents2 (2014) 22.5 11.1 12.5 10.5 10.8 % national monetary child poverty3 (2017) 29.0 Completion rate for lower secondary school4 (2015) Female 26.7 Male 31.1 Completion rate for upper secondary school4 (2015) Female 6.8 Male 9.9 Out of school rate Female No data Male No data CHILD MARRIAGE/UNION STATUS5 (2015-16) Female Male Adolescents, 15-19, who are married/ in union (%) 23.0 1.5 % married/in union before age 15 (aged 20-24) 5.2 0.5 % married/in union before age 18 (aged 20-24) 30.5 3.9 SEXUAL ACTIVITY5 (2015-16) Female Male 10-14 years 15-19 years 10-14 years 15-19 years % of adolescents engaged in pre-coital physical behavior No data No data No data No data % of adolescents that ever- had sex No data 52.2 No data 45.9 % of adolescents having had sex by age 15 No data 12.7 No data 13.8 % of adolescents sexually active in the last month No data 24.7 No data 19.7 FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION5 (2015-16) 10-14 years 15-19 years % of girls who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting 0.6 4.7 GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE5 (2015-16) % of girls who report experiencing: 10-14 years 15-19 years Physical violence in the last 12 months No data 12.7 Sexual violence in the last 12 months No data 5.6 % of adolescents (aged 15-19) who think a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife in certain circumstances Female Male 59.1 49.6 CHILDBEARING % of adolescent girls who have begun childbearing5 (2015-16) 10-14 years No data 15-19 years 26.7 % of women (aged 20-24) who gave birth before 18 years6 (2017) 22.4 Number of births per 1,000 girls, 15-197 (2019) 111.1 % of adolescent girls (aged 15-19) with live births who received antenatal care (ANC4+ visits)8 (2015-16) 47.7 % of births among girls (aged 15-19) attended by skilled health personnel5 (2015-16) 68.2 ABORTION 10-14 years 15-19 years Abortion rate per 1,000 girls No data No data FERTILITY INTENTIONS & CONTRACEPTIVE USE5,9 (2015-16) % of most recent pregnancies experienced by adolescent girls aged 15-19, including current pregnancies by planning status Married/ In union Unmarried/ not in union Last pregnancy wanted (<2 years) 74.0 32.3 Last pregnancy wanted later (>=2 years) 25.8 66.5 Last pregnancy not wanted at all 0.2 1.2 % of adolescent girls (aged 15-19) with an unmet need for modern methods of contraception 23.0 42.4* % of sexually active unmarried adolescent girls (aged 15-19) who currently use at least one method of modern contraception 33.1 Current use and non-use of contraception, 15-19 years 9 (2015-16) Contraceptive method mix, 15-19 years 9 (2015-16) Main reasons for not intending to use contraception, 15-19 years 9 (2015-16) Main sources of contraception, 15-19 years9 (2015-16) 85.3 13.3 1.4 76.2 18.9 5.0 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Not using Modern method Traditional In Union Not in Union 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% In Union Not in Union Emergency contraception Implants/norplant Other traditional Withdrawal Periodic abstinence Condom Injectables Pill 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% In Union Not in Union Other Relative/friend/neighbor Pharmacy/ drug dispensary/shop Religious health center/dispensary Government 26.6% 18.1% 16.2% 8.8% 8.1% Breastfeeding Fear of side effects/health concerns Husband/partner opposed Postpartum amenorrheic Respondent opposed In Union 27.3% 16.6% 14.4% 9.1% 7.9% Infrequent sex Fear of side effects/health concerns Not married Not having sex Respondent opposed Not in Union WHO/SRH/20.25 © World Health Organization 2020. 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For more information, please contact: Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research; E-mail: srhavp@who.int Website: www.who.int/health- topics/adolescent-health/ HIV/AIDS, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STIs) AND HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV) Female Male 10-19 years 10-14 years 15-19 years 10-19 years 10-14 years 15-19 years Number of adolescents living with HIV10 (2020) 57,000 18,000 39,000 42,000 18,000 24,000 Number of new HIV infections among adolescents per year10 (2020) 7,700 No data 7,700 2,600 No data 2,600 % of adolescents with comprehensive knowledge about AIDS11 (2011-2) No data No data 36.8 No data No data 41.9 % prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among adolescents5 (2015-16) No data No data 8.1 No data No data 5.0 % of sexually active adolescents who had an HIV test in the last 12 months and received the results11 (2011-12) No data No data 33.8 No data No data 21.3 % of girls, 15 or older, who have completed the full three dose vaccination schedule for HPV No data No data No data No data No data No data MENSTRUAL HEALTH 10-14 years 15-19 years % of adolescent girls who were aware of menstruation before the onset of their first menstruation No data No data % of adolescent girls who did not participate in social activities, school, or work due to their last menstruation in the last 12 months No data No data DATA SOURCES 1. World Population Prospects, 2019 Revision. Population data. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Available from: https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ [Accessed 17th October, 2019]. 2. United Nations. World Urbanization Prospects, the 2014 Revision. New York: United Nations; Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; 2014. 3. Keeley B, Little C. The State of the World’s Children 2017: Children in a Digital World. UNICEF: New York; 2017. 4. UNESCO Institute of Statistics. UIS Statistics. Available from: http://data.uis.unesco.org [Accessed 23rd September 2019]. 5. Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children- MoHCDGEC/Tanzania Mainland, Ministry of Health- MoH/Zanzibar, National Bureau of Statistics- NBS/Tanzania, Office of Chief Government Statistician- OCGS/Zanzibar, and ICF. Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (TDHS-MIS) 2015-16. Dar es Salaam/Tanzania: MoHCDGEC, MoH, NBS, OCGS, and ICF; 2016. *Unmet need for modern methods of contraception for girls not married/in union is for the proportion that are sexually active in the last month. 6. Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children MoHCDGEC- Tanzania Mainland, Ministry of Health- MoH/Zanzibar, National Bureau of Statistics- NBS, Office of the Chief Government Statistician- OCGS, and ICF. Tanzania Malaria Indicator Survey 2017. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: MoHCDGEC, MoH, NBS, OCGS, and ICF; 2017. 7. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects. Fertility data- 2020-2025. Available from: https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Fertility/ [Accessed 30th October 2019]. 8. UNICEF. Adolescent health. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/topic/maternal-health/adolescent-health/#status [Accessed 23rd February, 2019]. 9. Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children- MoHCDGEC/Tanzania Mainland, Ministry of Health- MoH/Zanzibar, National Bureau of Statistics- NBS/Tanzania, Office of Chief Government Statistician- OCGS/Zanzibar, and ICF. Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (TDHS-MIS) 2015-16/ TZIR7AFL.DTA. Dar es Salaam/Tanzania: MoHCDGEC, MoH, NBS, OCGS, and ICF; 2016. 10. UNAIDS. Trends of new HIV infections. Available from: http://aidsinfo.unaids.org [Accessed 9th October 2020]. 11. Tanzania Commission for AIDS- TACAIDS, Zanzibar AIDS Commission- ZAC/Tanzania, National Bureau of Statistics- NBS/Tanzania, Office of the Chief Government Statistician- OCGS/Tanzania, and ICF International. Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey 2011-12. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: TACAIDS/Tanzania, ZAC/Tanzania, NBS/Tanzania, OCGS/Tanzania, and ICF International; 2013.