Bacterial pathogens of Culicidae (mosquitos)a

III. BACTERIAL PATHOGENS OF CULICIDAE (MOSQUITOSa Samuel Singer Department ofBiological Sciences Western Illinois University Macomb, Illinois 61455, USA The literature for this table and bibliography covers the period 1976-May 1978. 27 "- 0 "40 cor- 0 14 14 H 4 ,X 0% , 4. H ,Z ,OCr- 0 ,O-' 09b w D a '00a 0 '400 Q H '00% HH 0 H:<H a H HH0o-- - 0o-- 0 0 0o-" o Cl) V PS 0K '0 ==- 0~ - P44 0 H -A4 H0 1 00 0 - 0co1 to w0 -4 0 H Z H r-0% H a4 0 0 '0 10 ,- 0%ON I'-- 0% H H td do HON -4--4C/4 = '0* H - Ct 0 '-4 0 :D ~~H =- _ _ I . I -I I | . .- 0 .I .I H o0%Hen o%H H UH o o Cl) HH 0 CI2 HHCfl.H 0m ffi uz @uC OC/)HH 01 04 co0 4. 0 0 "4 0 "4~~~~~~0 1 -A j -j "0 -.40 t0"4 "_ :_4 U U- * * - 0 4 00 * 4 **-41 0 1.1gg m gr0r~ '44 441 0 0 0 0 V41 .0 p9 0 0 0 C- 0 -'4 044 0) 0 -'4 140 0 -'-4 14 0 1-40 Hl 28 co0 1.44 UZ 0 HO H Pl p4 I 0U 0. 014 0) 44 0: 14'O00 .~- co -44 44P-4 0 0 :n 0 0 4. '0 10 0 0 0 40 0A -44 co0. 0 --40l0. -'414 r4. 00 4 H 4. 0 0 0 0 -.4 "4. 0 0 '0 0 0 $ 1 29 41 r. 41 "4 ON~~~~~~4 U4 $4 r~~~~~~~~~~~r '4 0 4 44 0 V4~~~~~~~~~~~~4 O H a H ocr~co c cn 5 X z. n^ -4 O CoD | tQ'j N co4 co4 -4,-|I 4~~~~~~~~" be@ O _ _ I 041 4-4 '0~~~~~~~~~c 0~~~~~~0 00 "'. 41 44 " "4 00 54 "4 "4 "4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" 0'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: CO~~ ~ ~~~~~~~b "4~~~~~~~4c "4c C. ".4r "4O"4 O CC~~~ .0 0~~~~~ 41 Z41 0i ~~~~~~~4 5-4~~~~~~~~~0 30 ABSTRACTS Davidson, E. W. (1977) Pathogenesis of Bacterial Diseases of Vectors. In: Biological Regulation of Vectorsj pp. 19-30, DHEW Publication No. (NIH) 77-1180 Discusses pathogenesis of Bacillus staericus toxin. Insecticidal activity comes from a toxin closely associated with the bacterial cells. Apparently the toxin is released within the gut, passes the peritrophic membrane and intoxicates the larvae. Some population dynamics of the pathogen aredescribed. Davidson, E. W. et al. (1977) Effect of Bacillus sphaericus strain SSII-1 on honey bees, Apis mellifera. J. Invertebr; Pathol., 29: 344-346 The B. sphaericus entomopathogenic strain SSII-1 were fed to newly emerged bees and to the bee colonies. No effect was found on longevity of newly emerged bees nor on the brood production of colonies. de Barjac, H. (1978) Une nouvelle varidtd de Bacillus thuringiensis tras toxique pour les moustiques. C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 286 (13 mars, 1978) Serie D-797-800 A new strain of B. thurinsiensis is described, the flagellar antigen of which is a new one named H14. This strain produces unusual crystals, with all shapes and sizes, and shows a high toxicity for larvae of Aedes aegypti. *Goldberg, L. J. & Margalit, J. (1977) A bacterial spore demonstrating rapid larvicidal activity against Anopheles sergentii, Uranotaenia unguiculata Culex univitattus. Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens. Mosg. News, 37: 355-358 Describes the isolation of a Bacillus active against mosquito larvae. See de Barjac, H. (1978) for a more definitive identification. *Hall, I. M. et al. (1977) The pathogenicity of strains of Bacillus thuringiensis to larvae of Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. Mosq. News, 37: 246-251 127 strains of Bacillus thurinRiensis representing 16 varieties (and serotype groupings) were assayed against larvae of Aedes aegyti, Ae. triseriatus, Culex tarsalis, Cx. pipiens and Cx. quinquefasciatus. Most strains were only moderately active (LC50 of about 100 pg/ml), 26 strains showed marked effects against the most susceptible hosts, Ae. triseriatus, Cx. tarsalis and Au. aegypti, with LC5r values below 1 pg/ml. Some were active at 0.04-0.06 pg/ml. Some of these strains may be of interest in the future. Myers, P. & Youston, A. A. (1978) Cell wall structure of an entomocidal strain of Bacillus aphaericus. In: Spores VII. Glenn Chamblis & James C. Vary. ed., American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D. C., 31-33 Thin sections of the mosquito pathogen Bacillus sphaericus SSII-1 revealed neither the presence of any parasporal body nor any obvious differences in cell wall profile of SSII-1 cells and a non toxic strain. The function of the outermost cell wall layer in mosquito pathogenicity of B. sphaericus is still a matter for speculation. Ramoska, W. A. et al. (1977) Bioassay of three strains of Bacillus sphaericus on field- collected mosquito larvae. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 30: 151-154 Field collected Ps. columbiae, Cx.nigripalpus and Ae. taeniorhynchus larvae were tested for sensitivity to B. sphaericus strains 1593, 1404 and SSEI-1. All three strains were highly active against Psorophora and Culex species. Ae. taeniorhynchus was also susceptible but required higher dosages to achieve lethal response - 75Z of the mortality that occurs on exposure to B. sphaericus occurs within 48 hours after incubation with the bacterium. With Ps. columbiae larvae, a decrease in susceptibility to the bacillus has been observed with increase in larval age (instar). 31 * Ramoska, W. A. et al. (1978) Field application of a bacterial insecticide. Mosg. News, 38: 57-60 Bacillus sphaericus entomopathogenic strain SSII-l, 1404-9 and 1593-4 were applied to field populations of Culex nigripalpus larvae. Field populations of Psorophora columbiae were treated with strain 1593-4. In the three experiments larval populations were reduced by nearly 90Z. *Singer, S. (1977) Isolation and Development of Bacterial Pathogens of Vectors. In: Biological Regulation of Vectors, pp. 3-18, DHEW Pulbication No. (NIH) 77-1180. Reviews work with the development of B. sphaericus strains, against mosquito larvae, up to 1975. Discussion deals with problems of isolation and developments of bacterial pathogens of vectors.