World Health Organization Organisation mondiale de la Santé AaG[)+EaG A+C%!a E+EE3a %E+;3C=?5 !EE!;#9+3 1)C!%??MC!=+=3a !51/DIV/6 13 <"b 1998 (.
)-C 'C? M!C9+; #CIG9!=) %=?%[ 31#C!==Y5 '+=+C!9[=Y5 )3C+7G?C %E+;3C=?5 ?C'!=31!O33 1)C!%??MC!=+=3a %ZFHJB:,>4, >" AbH\*,FbH B,D&@6 F,FF44 %F,<4D>@6 "FF"<$:,4 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b /,>,&", 13 <"b 1998 (.
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A51/DIV/6
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2
A51/DIV/6
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3
A51/DIV/6
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4
A51/DIV/6
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5
A51/DIV/6
;Z *@:0>Z B@**,D04&"H\ F&b2\ F <,0*J>"D@*>Z<4 L4>">F@&Z<4 JRD,0*,>4b<4, %F,<4D>Z< $">8@<, ;%K 4 D,(4@>":\>Z<4 $">8"<4 D"2&4H4b. 3< >"*:,04H FZ(D"H\ &"0>J` D@:\ & L4>">F4D@&">44 JFH@6R4&@(@ D"2&4H4b. ?>4 H"80, JR"FH&J`H & 2*D"&@@ND">,>44. ?>4 >,FJH $@:\TJ` @H&,HFH&,>>@FH\. ;Z *@:0>Z BD4&,HFH&@&"H\ ^H@, >"B@<4>"b 4< & H@ 0, &D,<b @ >,@$N@*4<@FH4 @ND">bH\ F:J0$Z 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b 4 F@P4":\>Z, F:J0$Z. ="T (@:@F >,@$N@*4< *:b H@(@, RH@$Z >"B@<>4H\ 8"8 BD"&4H,:\FH&"<, H"8 4 L4>">F@&Z< JRD,0*,>4b< @ H@<, RH@ $`*0,H>Z, F@8D"V,>4b >, *@:0>Z 4<,H\ <,FH" & H"84N &"0>ZN F,8H@D"N, 8"8 F,8H@D 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b, 4 RH@ & *@:(@FD@R>@< B:">, B@H,D4, F&b2">>Z, F F@8D"V,>4,< *,bH,:\>@FH4 & @$:"FH4 @$V,FH&,>>@(@ 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b, @8"0JHFb (@D"2*@ $@:\T4<4, R,< 8D"H8@FD@R>Z, $`*0,H>Z, &Z(@*Z. ;Z *@:0>Z @$D"H4H\Fb 8 F@@$V,FH&J >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>ZN @D(">42"P46. 3N FL,D" *,bH,:\>@FH4 2"R"FHJ` &ZN@*4H 2" BD,*,:Z *,bH,:\>@FH4 :`$@(@ @L4P4":\>@(@ @D(">". =" 8"8@< $Z ^H"B, >"N@*4:"F\ F,6R"F $@D\$" BD@H4& :,BDZ, HJ$,D8J:,2" 4:4 F:,B@HZ, ,F:4 $Z @>" BD@&@*4:"F\ $,2 JR"FH4b >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>ZN @D(">42"P46? a F@2@&J 8@>L,D,>P4` F JR"FH4,< F@@$V,FH&" >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>ZN @D(">42"P46 *:b F@FH"&:,>4b >@&ZN DJ8@&@*bV4N BD4>P4B@& >"T,(@ F@HDJ*>4R,FH&" F P,:\` F@2*"H\ >@&Z, <,N">42<Z &2"4<@*,6FH&4b F (D"0*">F84< @$V,FH&@< & (@FJ*"DFH&"N-R:,>"N. ;Z *@:0>Z @$D"H4H\Fb 4 8 R"FH>@<J F,8H@DJ. EHD">"< >,@$N@*4< N@D@T@ LJ>8P4@>4DJ`V46 (@FJ*"DFH&,>>Z6 F,8H@D. AD"&4H,:\FH&"< F:,*J,H @$,FB,R4H\ &F,@$V46 @N&"H F:J0$"<4 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b. ;Z b&:b,<Fb F&4*,H,:b<4 H@(@, RH@ D"FHJV"b @B@D" >" <,N">42<Z R"FH>@(@ L4>">F4D@&">4b, &8:`R"b R"FH>@, *@$D@&@:\>@, FHD"N@&">4,, F@BDb0,>" F D4F8@< <"FF@&@6 ^F8":"P44 D"FN@*@&. 7:`R,&"b D@:\ (@FJ*"DFH&,>>@(@ L4>">F4D@&">4b &F,@$V,(@ @N&"H" BD4&@*4H >, H@:\8@ 8 $@:\T,6 FBD"&,*:4&@FH4, >@ 4 8 F@8D"V,>4` >,@BD"&*">>ZN D"FN@*@& 4 >,^LL,8H4&>@FH4. Q"FH>Z6 F,8H@D *@:0,> 4(D"H\ &"0>J` D@:\ 8"8 & D"2&4H44 H,N>@:@(44, H"8 4 & @$,FB,R,>44 JF:J(. ="< >,@$N@*4<Z @H8DZHZ, 4 8@>FHDJ8H4&>Z, @H>@T,>4b F R"FH>Z< F,8H@D@< 4 BD@<ZT:,>>@FH\`, 2>">4, H@(@, & 8"84N @$:"FHbN >"T4 D@:4 D"2:4R>Z, " & 8"84N @>4 <@(JH *@B@:>bH\ *DJ( *DJ(". a BD,*:"("` BD@<ZT:,>>@FH4 BD4>bH\ JR"FH4, & *4":@(, B@ 8:`R,&Z< BD@$:,<"<, 8@H@DZ, FH@bH B,D,* >"<4. % ^H4N P,:bN b >"<,D,>" BD,*:@04H\ BD@&,*,>4, F@&,V">46 "8DJ(:@(@ FH@:"" <,0*J %?1 4 BD,*FH"&4H,:b<4 BD@<ZT:,>>@FH4, " H"80, F@2&"H\ B,D&@, H"8@, F@&,V">4, *@ 8@>P" ^H@(@ (@*". %-HD,H\4N, <Z *@:0>Z B@*8D,B:bH\ >"TJ D"$@HJ >,@BD@&,D04<Z<4 L"8H"<4. ):b H@(@, RH@$Z %?1 $Z:" &,*JV4< BD@B"(">*4FH@< 2*@D@&\b, >"< >,@$N@*4<@ 2>"H\ F@@H&,HFH&J`V4, L"8HZ, " >, H@:\8@ $ZH\ J$,0*,>>Z<4 & H@<, RH@ 2*@D@&\, 4<,,H FJV,FH&,>>@ &"0>@, 2>"R,>4,. 1*@D@&\, b&:b,HFb >, H@:\8@ <@D":\>Z< @$b2"H,:\FH&@< 4 @F>@&>Z< BD"&@< R,:@&,8". 1*@D@&\, - ^H@ ^8@>@<48", BD4R,< & R4FH@< &4*,. % 4`:, b F@2*"< @H*,:\>@, B@*D"2*,:,>4, B@ "L"8H"< B@:4H484 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b". ="< >,@$N@*4<@, RH@$Z >"T4 FH"H4FH4R,F84, *">>Z, $Z:4 *@FH@&,D>Z<4 4 @FH"&":4F\ H"8@&Z<4 F B@<@V\` 4FF:,*@&">46 4 B@FH@b>>@(@ @$>@&:,>4b. )@FH40,>4, P,:,6, @F>@&">>ZN >" @BD,*,:,>>ZN P,>>@FHbN, H"80, B@**",HFb 42<,D,>4`. ="< >,@$N@*4<Z 2>">4b @ $D,<,>4 $@:,2>,6 4 @ H@<, 8"8 B@:4H48" 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b <@0,H F@*,6FH&@&"H\ 42<,>,>4b<. ="<
6
A51/DIV/6
>,@$N@*4<Z 2>">4b @$ ^LL,8H4&>@FH4 2"HD"H >"T4N BD"8H4R,F84N <,D@BD4bH46 *:b F@@H&,HFH&J`V,(@ @BD,*,:,>4b >"T4N BD4@D4H,H@&. ):b H@(@ RH@$Z $ZH\ &,*JV4< BD@B"(">*4FH@< 2*@D@&\b, >"< >,@$N@*4<@, RH@$Z ^H4 B@*H&,D0*"`V4, L"8HZ B@FHJB":4 8 H,<, 8H@ BD4>4<",H D,T,>4b, &@ &F,< <4D,. ;Z $J*,< F@@$V"H\ >@&Z, L"8HZ. 3 @*>4< 42 H"84N L"8H@& b&:b,HFb H@, RH@ 2*@D@&Z, :`*4 B@<@("`H FHD@4H\ 2*@D@&J` ^8@>@<48J. %"F - <4>4FHD@& 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b - >,H >,@$N@*4<@FH4 J$,0*"H\ *":,,. ?*>"8@ %?1 &<,FH, F &"<4 - *@:0>" >"B@<>4H\ BD,24*,>H"<, BD,<\,D-<4>4FHD"< 4 <4>4FHD"< L4>">F@&, RH@ @>4 & *,6FH&4H,:\>@FH4 F"<4 b&:b`HFb <4>4FHD"<4 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b, H.,. 8:`R,&Z<4 :4P"<4 *:b @$,FB,R,>4b $:"(@F@FH@b>4b F&@4N >"D@*@&. 3>&,FH4P44 & 2*D"&@@ND">,>4, b&:b`HFb @$@F>@&">>Z<4 4>&,FH4P4b<4 *:b F@8D"V,>4b $,*>@FH4 4 @$,FB,R,>4b ^8@>@<4R,F8@(@ D@FH". '@FB@*4> AD,*F,*"H,:\, 7@(*" b BD4FHJB:` 8 F&@4< @$b2">>@FHb< 21 4`:b, B,D&@6 <@,6 2"*"R,6 $J*,H @H&,H4H\ >" %"T BD42Z& 8 D,L@D<"< 2*,F\, & /,>,&,, 4 &@ &2"4<@*,6FH&44 F D,(4@>"<4 4 FHD">"<4. a F8"2":", RH@ <@4< B,D&Z< BD4@D4H,H@< b&:b,HFb %?1. =, *J<"6H,, RH@ >" ^H@< ^H"B, <@,6 D"$@HZ b $J*JH B@FH@b>>@ >"N@*4H\Fb & B@,2*8"N & D"2>ZN J(@:8"N <4D". a F >,H,DB,>4,< @04*"` &@2<@0>@FH4 BD4>bH\ JR"FH4, & F@&,V">4bN F,FF46 D,(4@>":\>ZN 8@<4H,H@& & F,>Hb$D,. =@ BD,0*, &F,(@ b $J*J J*,:bH\ <@, &>4<">4, &@BD@F"<, F&b2">>Z< F D"$@H@6 ?D(">42"P44. A,D&@6 2"*"R,6 $J*,H BD,*:@0,>4, >,8@H@DZN B@BD"&@8 8 >Z>,T>,<J $`*0,HJ, F@FH"&:,>>@<J B@ H,< @F>@&>Z< >"BD"&:,>4b<, >" 8@H@DZ, b J0, J8"2":". E:,*J`V,6 2"*"R,6 $J*,H B@*(@H@&8" $`*0,H" B@ ^H4< >"BD"&:,>4b< >" 2000-2001 ((. 4 BD,*FH"&:,>4, <@,6 @D4,>H"P44 *:b >"T,6 F:,*J`V,6 BD@(D"<<Z D"$@HZ. a 2>"`, RH@ &D,<b b&:b,HFb 8D"6>, @(D">4R,>>Z<. ?*>"8@ ^H@ <@0,H $ZH\ F*,:">@, F H,< RH@$Z D,(4@>":\>Z, 8@<4H,HZ F<@(:4 F&@,&D,<,>>@ B@*(@H@&4H\Fb 8 BD@&@*4<Z< & F,>Hb$D, F,FF4b<. a $,2JF:@&>@ J$,0*,>" & H@<, RH@ %?1 <@0,H F8"2"H\ $@:\T, BD4 <,>\T,< @$X,<, *@8J<,>H@&, <,>\T,< B@&H@D,>44 H@(@, F R,< <Z &F, F@(:"F>Z, 4 BD4 $@:\T,< F@FD,*@H@R,>44 &>4<">4b >" H@<, RH@ <Z *@:0>Z *,:"H\. a H"80, FR4H"`, RH@ <Z <@0,< D"$@H"H\ BD4 $@:,, D@&>@6 FHDJ8HJD, 4 BD4 <,>\T,< R4F:, JD@&>,6. ):b ^H@(@ >,@$N@*4<@ @$,FB,R4H\ >,BD,DZ&>Z6 B@H@8 4>L@D<"P44 4 8@<<J>48"P4@>>Z, F&b24. a $J*J F@$4D"H\ >@&ZN F@HDJ*>48@& FH"DT,(@ JD@&>b &@8DJ( <@,(@ D"$@R,(@ FH@:" ,0,>,*,:\>@, 4 <Z $J*,< D"$@H"H\ >" @F>@&, B@*(@H@&:,>>@6 B@&,FH84 *>b 4 $D"H\ >" F,$b @H&,HFH&,>>@FH\ 2" BD@,8HZ 4 4>4P4"H4&Z. a N@H,:" $Z R"V, &FHD,R"H\Fb F D,(4@>":\>Z<4 *4D,8H@D"<4 4 BD,*:@04H\ 4< BD4>4<"H\ JR"FH4, & JBD"&:,>44 &F,6 ?D(">42"P4,6. ;Z $J*,< 42&:,8"H\ BD,4<JV,FH&" 42 >@&ZN H,N>@:@(46, 8@H@DZ, B@2&@:bH >"< &FHD,R"H\Fb >" 4>L@D<"P4@>>ZN <"(4FHD":bN, @$,FB,R4&"b ,*4>FH&@ P,:,6, & 8@H@D@< >J0*",HFb ^H" ?D(">42"P4b.
7
A51/DIV/6
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8
A51/DIV/6
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9
A51/DIV/6
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10