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BceMHpttan opra1mJaUHH JJJ.paeooxpa11ctt11n i,;,~-,f ~ Eepond1cKoe pernoHaJlbH0C 6iopo ~ .. . . ~ Konettrareu ~ '11f' EP6: OTtleTbl 11 HCCJle)].0BaHHH 81 fiHOnorHqECKOE llEHCTBHE HCKYCCTBEHHhIX MHHEPAnhHhIX BOnOKOH Or4er o coee1uatt1111 803/MAHP KonettrareH 20- 22 anpen» 1982 r. ICP/ WKH 014(2) ISSN 0250-8729 © BceMHpHaR opraHHJaUHR JnpaeooxpaHeHHR, 1987 Ha ny6nHKaUHH BceMHpHOH opraHHJaUHH JnpaeooxpaHeHHR pacnpocTpaHRmTCR nono•eHHR npOTOKona f 2 BceMHpHOH KOHBeHUHH 06 oxpaHe aeTopcKHx npae . JaReneHHR Ha nepeneqaTKy HnH nepeeon ny6nHKaUHH EeponeHcKoro perHoHanbHoro 6mpo BOJ qacTHqHo HnH in toto cnenyeT Ha npaenRTb e 3Ty OpraHHJaUHm no anpecy: Scherf i gsve j 8, DK-2100 Copenhagen~. Denmark. PerHOHanbHOe 6mpo OXOTHO ynoeneTeopReT TaKHe npocb6bl. 060JHaqeHHR ' HcnonbJyeMble B HaCTORWeM HJnaHHH' H npHBO- DHMble B HeM MaTepHallbl HH B KOeM cnyqae He Bblpa•amT MHeHHR CeKpeTapHaTa BceMHpHOH opraHHJaUHH JnpaeooxpaHeHHR O mpHnH- qecKOM CTaTyce KaKOH-nH6o CTpaHbl, TeppHTOpHH, ropona HnH paHoHa, Hx opraHe enacTH HnH 06 Hx rocynapcTeeHHblx rpaHHUax . • YnoMHHaHHe HeKOTOpblX KOMnaHHH HnH nponyKUHH oTnenbHblX HJfOTOBHTeneH He OJHaqaeT , qTo BceMHpHaR opraHHJaUHR Jnpa- eooxpaHeHHR oTnaeT HM npennoqTeHHe no cpaeHeHHm c npyrHMH, He ynoMRHyTblMH B Te K CTe ' HnH pe K OMeHnyeT HX K Hcnonb J O- eaHHm . KaK npaeHno , naTeHTOBaHHble HaHMeHOBaHHR Bb1nenRmTCR HaqanbHblMH nponHCHblMH 6yK BaMH . 3Ta ny6nHKaUHR OTpa•aeT BJrnRDbl yqacTHHKOB naHHOH Pa6oqeH rpynnbl H Heo6RJaTenbHO npencTaenReT peweHHR HAH Olj,HUHaAbHym nonHTHKy BceMHpHOH opraHHJaUHH JnpaeooxpaHeHHR. HJna Ho e llaHHH ISBN 978 92 890 7356 1 COLIEP,KA HIIE BeeneHHe HcKyccTBeHHMe MHHepaAbHMe eonoKH a (HMB) OnpeneneHHe . .. . . BHLlbl . . . . . . . 5 5 6 CocTaB HCKYCCTBeHHMX MHHepan bHMX eonoKOH 7 TexHonorHR , npoHJBOLlCTBO H xapaKTepHCHIKH BOAOK OH. 9 PocT npOHJBOLlCTBa . . . . . . . . . 13 Conep1«aHHe HMB e eoJnyxe pa6oYeH JOH bl 16 06cnenoeaHHR npOHJBOLlCTBeHHOH cpellM. 16 TexHonorHR oT6opa npo6 npH o6cnenoeaHHRx npoHJBO.llCTBeHHOH cpe.llbl . . . . . . . . 24 06Jop 06cne.11oeaHHH npoHJBOLl CT Be HHOH c pellbl H TexHonorHH oT6opa npo6 26 6HonorHYecKoe .11eiicTBHe HMB. 32 KapTHHa CMepTHOCTH . . . 32 06 J op KapTHHM CMepTHOCTH 37 6oneJHH opraHOB .!lbl Xa HHR y p a60'l HX B li aCTOR We e epeMR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 06Jop K apTHHbl nopa;«eHHH opr a HOB .'lblXaHHR 44 HccnellOBaHHR Ha ;«HBOTHMX . . . . 45 HccnenoeaHHR Ha KneTO'lHOM ypo BHe H KynbType TKaHH . 51 06Jop HccnenoeaHHH Ha l«HBOTHMX 52 OueHKa H nepcneKTHBbl . 58 Bo.1nywttaR cpena . . 59 HccnenoeaHHR CMepTHOCTH . 60 Hc cnenoeaHHR .1a6oneeaeMOCTH . 61 HccnenoeaHHR Ha l«H BOTHM X 63 iii PeKOMt'H!laUIIII 64 06C .'le.:JOBilHIIR npo'11JBO.'ICTBt' HHOH cpe!lbl II TeXH0.10rllR oT6opa npo6 . 64 KapT HH a n 1epTHOCTII ' ' ' ' 65 nopa~eHHe opr a HoB ~Mxa HHR 66 naT0MoP4>0.1orw1ec K 11e L1aHHb1e 6 7 llc c .1e110BaHHR Ha UIBOTHblX H in vitro 68 Me*JlyHapOLIHaR K0.1.1eKUHR :HaJlOHHblX 11MB 68 KoopL!HHaUHR HayYHM X 11c cnenoeaHHH 69 3aKn~YHTeJ1bHOe JacenaHHe 69 (nHCOK JlHTepaTypbl . -np11~o*eHHe I. Koop1111tt11posaHHoe HayYHoe 11ccnenoeatt11e 611011or11YecKoro neHcTBIIR HMB - J . D. Cameron . .... np11n o*eH11e 2. HcTopHR TeXHOJlOrHH HMB - W.J.A . Hartung npH.10*eHHe 3 . XapaKTepHCTHKH nblJleBoro 0611aKa HJ CTapblX HJL!eJlHH HJ 11MB. qaCTb I : TeopeTHYeCKHH 71 75 78 nonxon - T. Schneider & J. Skotte. 81 npH110*eHHe 4. XapaKTepHCTHKH nM11eeoro 06J1aKa HJ CTapMx HJLleJlHH HJ 11MB. qaCTb II : 3KcnepH- MeHTaJ1bHMH nonxon - T. Schneider & E.D. Smith . . . . . . . . 84 np11no*eHHe 5. TeH!leHUHH HJMeHeHIIR pa J Mepa BOJlOKOH C pa J BHTHeM npollJBOLICTBa HJ OJlRUIIOHHMX MaTep11a~oB 11 .1 11MB - J.L. Konzen. . 86 np11n o*eH11e 6 . KpaTKospeMeHHoe 06cneno saH11e conep~aHHR BJ BeWeHHMX B BO Jnyxe BO~OKOH Ha aMepHKaH- CK HX Ja Bonax . npoHJBO!IRWIIX 11MB - N.A. Esmen . . . . . . . . . . . 88 iv npHnO*eHHe 7. KpaTKOBpeMeHHOe o6c~e~OB~ HHe coaep*aH HR BJ BeweHH~X B BOl~yxe BO~OKOH Ha eBpo- neiic K 11 x Ja eoaa ., . npo11 1 BO.'.IR11111x HMB - J. Ottery, J. Dodgs on, G.E. Harrison & J.W. Cherrie . . . . . . . . 90 npHJIO*eHHe 8 . Ll.JJHTe.1bHOe 06c11enoBa HHe BJ BeweHHblX B BoJnyxe BOJIOKOH Ha Ja eonax B CWA - Y. Y. Hammad & N .A. Esmen . . . 92 npHJIO*eHHe 9 . HJMepeHHe KOHUeHTpaUHH BOJIOKOH e npOMblWJleHHOCTH ' npoHJBOllRWeH H HCnOJlb- JyioweH HMB - G. Riediger . . . . 93 npHno•eHHe 10 . 06Jop Hcc11enoeaHHH , npoeeaeHH~x Ha npeanpHRTHRX, HcnoJlbJylOWHX HMB - T. Schneider . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 npHno•eHHe II . KoHueHTpauHH BJBeweHH~x e eoJnyxe HMB Ha Jaeonax e no11bwe - J. Indulski, J. Goscicki, E. Wiecek & G.Stroszejn- Mrowca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 npHJJo•eHHe 12 . TpyaHOCTII, CBRJaHH~e c noncYeTOM BOJIOKOH; aeToMaTHJaUHR npoue cca noncYeTa - G.J. Burdett, L.C. Kenny, T . L. Ogden, A.P . Rood, T. Shenton-Taylor, R. Tarry & N.P. Vaughan . . . . . . . . . . 99 npHJIO*eHHe 13 . )TanoHHaR CHCTeMa MOHHTOpHHra H noncYeTa HMB , coJnaHHaR BOJ - M.H. MHxeee . 101 npHno•eHHe 14 . npow J eoacTeeHHaR cpeaa Ha Jaeoaax KepaMHYeCKHX BOnOKOH - N.A. Esmen & Y. Y. Hammad . . . . . . . . . . . 102 np1111o*eHHe 15 . TpyaHOCTH . CBRJaHH~e C HJ MepeHHeM Macc- KOHUeHTpauHH BJBe weHH~X B BOJayxe HMB - J . Dodgson, G.E. Harrison , J. Ottery, P . Oldershaw & J. McCutheon . . . . . 104 V flpHAO*eHHe 16 . CrparerHH or6opa npo6 BoJnyxa - M. Cor-n .. flpHAO*eHHe 17 . (MepTHOCTb H ~acTOTa cny~aee paKa y pa6o~Hx . JaHRT~x e npoHJBoncree HMB ( no naHHblM Hcc.~enoeaHHR MAHP) - R. Sar-acci, L. Simonato, E. D. Acheson, A. Ander-sen , P. A. Ber-tazzi, J . Claude, 106 N. Char-nay , J . Esteve, R.R. Frentzel-Beyme , M.J. Gar-dner, 0. Jensen, R. Maasing, J. Olsen, L. Teppo, P. Westerholm & C. Zocchetti . . . . . . . . . . . 108 flpHAO*eHHe 18 . (MepTHOCTb cpenH pa6o~HX, JaHRT~X e npoHJeoncTBe HMB - P.E. Enterline & G.M . Marsh . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 UpHAO*eHHe 19. (MepTHOCTb cpeaH pa6o~HX, JaHRT~X e npoHJB04CTBe CTeKARHHoro BOAOKHa - R.W. Morgan, S.D. Kaplan & J.A. Bratsberg . . . . . . . . . . . 115 flpHAO*eHHe 20 . (MepTHOCTb cpeaH pa6o~HX npOHJB04CTBa CTeKARHHoro BOAOKHa - H. Shannon, M. Hayes, J. Julian & D. Muir . . . 117 flpHAO*eHHe 21 . PaK opraHOB 4blX3HHR y CTpOHTeAbHblX pa6o~Hx fileeuHH, noaeepraewHxcR eoJaeH- cTBH~ HMB - A. Englund, G. Engholm, N. Hallin & G.v. Schmalensee ...... 120 flpHno*eHHe 22 . nopa*eHHe nh1xarenbHb1x nyreH y pa6o~Hx, JaHRTblX B npoH JB04CTBe HMB : o6Jop npeahiaywHx HccneaoeaHHH - G. W. Wright 122 flpHAO*eHHe 23 . CocTORHHe opraHOB nblX3HHR y pa6o~HX. vi JaHRT~x B npoHJeoacree HMB, e CWA - H. Weill, J.M . Hughes, Y.Y. Hammad, H.W. Glindmeyer-, G. Shar-on & R.N. Jones . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 npHno*eHHe 24 . npo6ttoe 11cc~e~oaattHe .1a6o~eaaeMocr11 cpenll AH U. Ja HRThlX B npoll .lBOllCTBe HMB Ha Jaaonax CoeaHHeHHoro Kopo~eacr a a . - J . W. Hill, C.E. Rossiter & D.W. Faden . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 npHno•eHHe 25 . CocTORHlle nero4HOH $YHKUHII y pa6o4HX weencKoro Jaeona MHHepan bHOH eaThl HJ CKanbHblX nopon - P. Malmberg, H. Hedenstrom, B. Kolmodin-Hedman & S. Krantz . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 npHno•eHHe 26 . npoct,ecCHOHanbHOe BOJneHCTBHe H HJMeHeHHe BeHTIIARUHOHHOH $yHKUHH ~erKHX y pa6o4HX, JaHRThlX B npOHJBOllCTBe MHHepanbHOH B3Thl HJ CK3AbHhlX nopon - z. Skuric & D. Stahuljak-Beritic ........ . . npHno•eHHe 27 . HMB B llb1XaTe.%HblX nyrnx K pblC - A. Morgan & A. Holmes .. npHno•eHHe 28 . }nHMHHaUHR HMB IIJ .~erK IIX K pblC - K.D. Friedberg & S . Ullmer .. npHAO*eHHe 29. noeeneHHe MHHepanbHhlX BOAOKOH a $HJHonorH4eCKHx pacreopax - H. Forster ... . .. . .. . npHno•eHHe 30 . noeeneHHe HMB a HcKyccraeHHOH $HJHOAOfH4eCKOH *HllKOCTH H Bone - R. Klingholz & B. Steinkopf . . npHno•eHHe 31 . PacTBOpHMOCTb BOAOKOH in vitro H in vivo - J.P. Leineweber . .. npHno*eHHe 32 . PacnpeneneHHe 11MB no paJMepaM noc.~e llAHTenhHOH HHranRUHH - N.F. Johnson, D.M. Griffiths & R.J . Hill ..... . npHno•eHHe 33 . Orno*eHHe H 3n11MHHaUHR HMB - Y. Y. Hammad . . . . . . 131 133 135 136 138 140 , 143 145 vii npHno•eHHe 34 . PacnpeaeneHHe HHranHpoeaHHMX HMB e nerKHX Kpb1Cbl - L.Le Bouffant, J.P . Henin , J . C. Martin, C. Normand, G. Tichoux & F. Trolard . . . 146 npHno•eHHe 35. naToreHHOCTb HMB no cpaBHeHHIO c HaTypanbHblMH BO.~OKHaMH - D.M. Bernstein,R.T. Drew, G. Schidlovsky & M. Kuschner . . . . . . . . . 149 npHno•eHHe 36 . tH6poreHHOCTb H KaHueporeHHOCTb HMB DJIR 3KCnepHMeHTaAbHMX *HBOTHMX - P. Katin 152 npHno•eHHe 37 . BnHRHHe Ha K pblC HHranHpoeaHHblX H 13eeaeHHb1x e nneepanhHYKJ nonocTb BOAOKOH - J . C. Wagner. . . . . . 153 npHno•eHHe 38 . CpaBHHTeAhHMH aHanHJ aeyx HccneaoeaHHH HHranRUHOHHoro eoJaeAcTBHR HMB - E.E. McConnell, J.C. Wagner J.W. Skidmore & J.A. Moore. . . . 155 npHno•eHHe 39 . Jl;rnTeAbHOe BOJaeHCTBHe Ha XOMRKOB H KpblC a3p030AeH ynbTpaTOHKHX CTeKARHHMX BOAOKOH - D.M. Smith, L.W. Ortiz & R. Archuleta. . . . . . . . . . . . 159 npHno•eHHe 40. 3KcnepHMeHTM c HMnnaHTaUHeH MHHepanbHMX BOAOKOH - F. Pott, H.W. Schlipkoter, U. Ziem, K. Spurny & F. Huth ..... . 161 • npHno•eHHe 41 . naroreHHoe aeAcTBHe Ha K pb1c BOAOKHHCToro KepaMHqecKoro anKJMHHHeBoro CHAHKaTHOro CTeKna - J.M.G . Davis. J. Addison, R.E . . Bolton, K. Donaldson, A.O. Jones & A. Wright. . . . ... . . npHno•eHHe 42 . HccneaoeaHHe 6HonorHqecKoro aeHCTBHR apyrHx HMB - K.P. Lee & C.F. Reinhardt. npHno•eHHe 43 . HJyqeHHe HMB in vitro - E.G. Beck .. viii 163 165 167 npHno•eHHe 44 . BaMxaHHe CTeK n RHHM X BOn OKOH HeYen oBeKO- o6pa J HblMH o6e J bRHaMH - B. Goldstein, I. Webst e r & R.E. G. Rendall .. .... 169 npHno•eHHe 45 . n a nbHeHWHH a Han HJ CO BMeC THMX HC cne n osaHHH MRC H NIEHS - C.E. Rossiter . 171 npHno•eHHe 46 . nepsaR Hccnenos a Ten bc Ka R rpy nna . 3TanOHHMe MeTODM MOHHTOpHHra HMB H MenKOaH c nepcHOH flblnH B BO Jayxe pa6oYeH J OHM . .. . . .. . . . . . . 173 npHno•eHHe 47 . BTopaR HccnenosaTen bc KaR rpynna . TexHHYeCKHe a c neKTM MeTonos nonyYeHHR a3pOJoneH BOnOKOH MR 3K c nepHMeHTanbHblX HccnenosaHHH Ha •HBOTHMX . . npHno•eHHe 48 . 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B cny4ae c HMB neno o6CTOffAO HHa'!e. BcKope nocne Ha'1ana npOHJBOnCTBa HMB noffBHRHCb HeonpeneneHHMe KAHHH4eCKHe coo6weHHR, yKaJMBaB- WHe Ha BOJMO*HOCTb HX xpOHH'leCKoro neHCTBHR Ha Jnopoabe. C Tex nap npowno oKono 50 neT, HO Ja 3TO epeMR coo6weHHff HH y'laCTHAHCb, HH CTanH 6onee onpe.aeneHHblMH. npennpHHffTble TeM He MeHee e Ha'!ane 70-x ronoe 3KcnepHMeHTanbHMe Hccne- .aoeaHHff, B nepey~ O'lepenb C uenh~ HJy'leHHR MexaHHJMa .aeHCTBHR ac6ecTa, noKaJanH, '!TO paJBHTHe MeJOTenHaAbHMX onyxoneH, aHanorH'IHblX TeM, KOTOpb!e OTMe4a~TCR y n~neH npH B.llblXaHHH ac6ecTOBOH nblAH, MO*eT 6biTb BblJBaHO y l(HBOTHblX HMnnaHTHpoBaHHblMH 8 nonocTH nneapbl H 6p~HHbl paJH006paJ- HblMH BOAOKHaMH. B TOM 'IHCne HeKOTOpbiMH HMB . K cepenHHe 70-x ronoe AA~HTM a CWA H OECMHH a Eepone npHHRAH peweHHe pacwHpHTb HJy'leHHe BOJMO:l(HOH onacHOCTH nnff J.llOpOBbff BOJneHCTBHff BJBeweHHMX B BOJnyxe HMB . B CBRJH C 3THM 8 1976 r . 8 KoneHrareHe 6b1A COJBaH Me*nyHaponHblii pa6o'!HH ceMHHap, onpenenHBWHH xapaKTep H KoopnHHauH~ Heo6xonHMblx nonrocpo'IHblX HccnenoaaHHH . C Tex nop e 3 yHHBepcH TeTCKHX H apyrHx HCCneaoeaTeJlbCKHX yYpe)l(DeHHRX crnA H Eeponbl BblnOJIHeHa o6wHpHaR nporpaMMa HayYHblX pa6oT ( npH.~O)l(eHHe I ) . npencenaTe.% y K a J an . YTO 3Ta nporpaMMa RBHnacb caMblM o6wHpHblM K oopaHHHpOBaHHblM Me ;rny HapODHblM IICCJlenoeaHHeM, Koraa-JIH6O npeanpHHHMaBWHMCR B o6nacTH npoq>eccHOHaJlbHOH rHrHeHbl . no ero MHeHH~ . non yYeHHaR HOBaR HayYHaR HH.OpMaUHR , KOTOpaR 6 y neT npeacTaBJleHa Ha KOH.epeHUHH, BHeceT 60JlbWOH BKJlan B noHHMaHHe 6HOJIOfHYeCKoro neHCTBHR coaep)l(aWHXCR B BOJnyxe HMB H 11X BOJMO)l(HOH onacHOCTH DnR JDOpOBbR . 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B np~eccHoHaJJbHOH rHrtteHe BOJlOKHaMH ycJJOBHO C'lHTalOT YMHHeHHble 'laCTHUbl C OTHOWeHHeM MHHbl K .llHaMeTpy ~ 3 : I. HanpHMep . 'lT06bl 'laCTHUY .llHaMeT- poM 3,5 MKM C'lHTaTb BOJ!OKHOM , ee MHHa .llOJlJKHa 6b1Tb He MeHee 10,5 MKM . nocKOJlbKY MeJKayHapoaHaff opraHHJaUHff no CTaH.llapTHJaUHH npeMOlKHJla yse.~H'lHTb 3TO OTHOWeHHe .llO ~ : J Mff peweHHff eonpoca O TOM , KaKOH HJ npeaeJJOB 6HOJ!OrH'leCKH 6OJ1ee onpaenaH, peKOMeH.llyeTCff npH'lHCJlffTb K BOJlOKHaM Te , KOTOpb1e no.llna.llaioT no.ll o6a 3THx onpeae.~eHHff ( 2) . 5 noTeHUHaJlbHO BllblXaeMblMH ( pecnHpa6eJlbHblMH) BOJIOK HaMH C'lHTalOTCR Te. llHaMeTp KOTOpblX ,;;,J MKM. a llJIHHa OKOJIO 100 MKM. fulR Yll06CTBa OOllC'leTa HX llJIHHa npHHHMaeTCR paBHOH HJIH 60JlbWeH 5 MKM . Bo.~OKHa llHaMeTpOM~l.5 MKM" llJIHHOH ~8 MKM C'lHTalOTCR ttaH6o.~ee OHKoreHHblMH npH HMOJlaHTaUHH B OOJIOCTH OJleBpbl H 6p10WHHbl K pblC . Ha KOH.epeHUHH 3TH BOJIOKHa HaJblBaJIH BOJIOKHaMH (TeHTOHa (Stanton), HJIH BOJIOKHaMH S=THna (npHllO•ettHe b). 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CHJIHKOHOBble H UHpKOHHeBble . npoHJBOllHMble KepaMH'leCKHe BOJIOKHa aMOp$Hbl, HO npH BblCOKOH TeMnepaType '!aCTH'lHO KpHCTaJIJIH JYIOTCR . 6HOJIOrH'leC KOe neHCTBHe BOJIOKOH Bcex nepe'lHCJleHHblX BHllOB Ha KOH.epeHUHH paccMOTpeHO JIHWb B o6WHX 'lepTax, H BCe06beMJIIOWero o6Jopa C uellblO HX cpaBHeHHR c o6bl'lHblMH HMB He npoBOllHJIOCb . 6 PaJJIH'lalOT TpH OCHOBHblX BHlla HMB : - Bblpa6aTb1BaeMble HJ WJlaKa HJIH CKaJlbHOH nopOllbl H HJBeCTHble KaK "MHHepallbHaR BaTa" ; - Bblpa6aTblBaeMble HJ CTeKJla H ttaJblBaeMble "cTeKJIRHHblM BOJIOKHOM" ( CTeKJIRHHaR BaTa H HenpepblBHOe CTeKJIRHHOe BOJIOKHO); - rpynna CTeKJIRHHoro BOJIOKHa cneuHaJlbHOro HaJHa'leHHR; BOJIOKHa OTJIH'lalOTCR JHa'lHTeJlbHO MeHbWHM llHaMeTpOM, HX HaJblBalOT TOHKHMH (llHaMeTp 1-3 MKM) H YllbTpaTOHKHMH (llHaMeTp Mettee I MKM) CT eKJIRHHblMH BOJIOKHaMH. I CocTaB HCKyccTBeHHWX MHHepanbHWX BOAOKOH XHMHYeCKHe H $HJHYeCKHe CBOHCTBa HaTypanbHWX 11 HCKYCCTBeHHWX MHHepanbHWX BOAOKOH noapo6HO paccMOTpeHW Ha Pa6oYeM coeewaHHH JEMRB, COCTORBWeMCR e KoneHrareHe e 1976 r . (3), Ha KOH$epeHu1111 MAHP , noceRweHHOH npo6neMe 6HonorHYeCKoro aeHCTBHR MHHepanbHWX BOAOKOH (4) 11 npoxoa11eweH e n110He e 1979 r . . a TaK*e Ha KOH$epeHUHH no eonpocy O npO<j>ecc110HanbHOM BOJaeHCTBHH BOAOKHHCTOH 11 MHKpoa11cnepcHoH nb~H Hee coaep*aHHH e OKPY*aioweH cpeae, KOTopaR npoeoa11nacb e CillA e 1979 r . (5) . CpeaH apyr11x eonpocoe, paccMOTpeHHWX Ha 3THX KOH$epeHUHRX , BHHMaHHe cneu11an11cToe np11eneKnH cneayiow11e xapaKTepHCTHKH . HcKyccTBeHHble MHHepanbHble BOAOKHa HMelOT aMOp<j>Hyio CTpyKTypy 11 coaep*aT OKCllllW KpeMHHR , aAIOMHHHR , 6opa 11 apyr11x 3AeMeHTOB . TaKHe CTpyKTypw o6paJOBaHW ceTKOH HJ HanonHHTenR, HanpHMep OKCHllOB KpeMHHR, anlOMHHHR 11 6opa, B KOTopyio enneTeHa ceTb Moa11$11KaTopoe . 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Hanp11Mep, oaHo HMB, a11aMeTp KOTOporo HeCKOAbKO MHKpOHOB, B I 00- 1000 pa J npeBblWaeT a11aMeTp K OHeYHblX BOAOKOHeu ac6eCTO- eoro nyYKa Toro *e paJMepa . To *e ceoHcTeeHHO 11 apyr11M paJHOBl1llHOCTRM ac6ecTa, XOTR 11 He B TaKOH CTeneHl1 . B paMKax KOH$epeHUHH He 6wno ceKUl111 , uenHKOM nocBRWeH- HOH Xl1MHYeCKl1M 11 $11JHYeCKHM xapaKTepHCTHKaM BOflOKOH , HO OHl1 paccMaTpHean11cb no xoay aena . B YaCTHOCT11, noaYepKHBaAOCb 6Honor11YeCKOe JHaYeHHe XHMHYecKoro COCTaBa HMB H paJAHYl1R paCTBOp11MOCTl1 in vitro 11 in vivo wn aKOBblX 11 CTeKARHHblX 7 BOnOKOH H MaTepHanoB HJ CKan bHMX nopoa no cpaBHeHH~ C a c 6eCTOM (npHno•eHHR 29 H 30 ). PaccMaTpHBanHCb TaK)l{e BonpocM c oaep•aHHR MHKpo3neMeHTOB B HeKOTOpMx THnax wn aKOB . HcnonbJy eMblX B npoH J BOllCTBe MHHepanbHOH BaTbl. H paaoHa B npOHJB04HMblX HJ HMB HJOnRUHOHHblX MaTepHa11ax allR ll{HJlblX noMellleHHH ( 6. 7) . Ha KOHct,epeHUHH 06cy•aa11acb npo6neMa XHMH'leCKOH o6pa- 60TKH BOJIOKOH Ma c JlaMH H KJleRIIIHMH eewecTBaMH . 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Ha KOHcf,epeHUHH npHB04HJIHCb peJynbTaTM HccneaoeaHHR, npoeeaeHHoro HeaaeHo B WeeuHH (8), e xoae KOTOporo BMRBneHa BMCOKaR KOHUeHTpaUHR ( 9-25 BOJIOKOH/MJI) BJBeWeHHblX e BOJayxe eonOKOH ( c 6onblllOH aoneH TOHKHX BonoKOH) B6nHJH OT aBTOMaTH'leCKOH nOTO'lHOH nHHHH , rae He ao6aBJIRJIHCb HH MaCJIO, HH KJleRWHe eewecTBa. Y HaxoaRWeHCR pR40M TO'lHO TaKOH ll{e nHHHH, rae npoHJB04HJIH o6M'lHMe noKpMTMe BOnOKHa, JanMJleHHOCTb OKaJaJlaCb Ha 1- 2 nopRaKa HH•e (npHno•ettHe 2). YKaJaHHoe Hcc11eaoeaHHe npeanpHHRTO C uenb~ noKaJaTb, 'lTO BOJaeHCTBHe BOJIOKHHCTOH nb~H . HMelOlllee MeCTO B npOHJB04CTBe HMB, B npownoM, BepoRTHO. 6blJIO 6onee CHJlbHblM . 'leM B HaCTORWee BpeMR; 3TOT ct,aKT MOllteT OKaJaTbCR Ball{HblM allff oueHKH peJyJlbTaTOB ao11rocpo'lHblX 3nHaeMHOJIOrH'leCK HX HccneaoBaHHH. B TO •e BpeMR C yMeHbWeHHeM JanMJleHHOCTH BOJpocno BOJaeHCTBHe Ha 'leJIOBeKa Ma c en H KneRIIIHX eewecTB . 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Pacnpeae~eHHe aHaMeTpa sonoKoH B HJ OnHUHOHHOH BaTe DHaMeTp B0n0KHa (MKM) 0- 3 3- 6 6- 9 9-12 12 - 15 15-18 >18 UIJ1aKOBaTa (%) 60 26 6 5 2 1 HcTO'IHHK : Klingholz, R. (3). BaTa HJ CKanbH~X nopoa (%) 36 42 13 5 3 1 (TeKnHHHaH BaTa (%) 26 23 15 15 11 8 2 pacnpeaeneHHe pecnHpa6enbHblX B0n0K0H B BaTe HJ CKanbHblX nopoa H CTeKnHHHOH BaTe Ha np0TH*eHHH 3T0ro npoMe•yTKa BpeMeHH no'ITH He HJ MeHHnocb (npHno•eHHH 2 H 5) , H 3T0 noaTsep•aa~T H apyrHe HeaaBHHe HccneaosaHHH (9). HenpepblBHOe CTeKnHHH0e Bon0KH0 HenpepblBHOe BonoKH0 npoMblWneHH0CTb Ha'!ana npoHJB0aHTb B 30-x roaax Hawero cTonenrn . 0rHeynopHble CBOHCTBa 3THX sonoKoH o6ycnosHnH pacwHpeHHe Hx npoHJBoacTBa B-40-x roaax , K0Topoe c 60-x roaos aocTHrno orpoMH~x MacwTa6os . HenpepblBHOe B0nOKH0 npoHJB0aHT rnaBHblM o6paJOM HJ CTeKna MeToaoM BblTHfHBaHHH . 3KCTpyaHpOBaHHble BonoKHa paCTHfHBa~T H co6Hpa~T B npH•Y , K0Topy~ M0*H0 C0TKaTb. 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(TeKJlRHHble BOJlOKHa cneuHaJlbHOro HaJHaYeHHR TaKHe BOJlOKHa npoHJB04RT C 50-x ronoe , HanpHMep, nyTeM BMTRrHBaHHR B nnaMeHH . no COCTaBy O"H aHaJlOfHYHM HJOJlRUHOHHOH CTeKJlRHHOH BaTe H HenpepblBHOMy BOJlOK Hy' HO HX aHaMeTp - OT 3 MKM H MeHee, BnJlOTb no 0,05 MKM. HHorna e npoHJB04CTBe TaKHX BOJlOKOH He HCnOJlbJymTCR CBRJKH H no3TOMy OHH B TeYeHHe 4JlHTeJlbHOro epeMeHH OCTamTCR BJBeWeHHblMH e BOJayxe . npHMepHO 80-90% BJBeWeHHblX e BOJayxe BOJlOKOH RBJlRmTCR pecnHpa6eJlbHMMH . (TeKJlRHHOe BOJlOK HO cneuHaJlbHOro HaJHaYeHHR Bbmyc K aeTCR r naBHblM o6paJOM e (WA, rne Ha ero aollm npHxoaHTCR Mettee 1% o6wero npoHJBODCTBa CTeKJlRHHOro BOJlOKHa (npHno•eHHe 5). 6naronapR OC06blM CBOHCTBaM 3TH 6onee noporocTORWHe BOJlOK Ha HCnOJlbJymT B KaYeCTBe nerKHX' •apOCTOHKHX HJOJlRUHOHHblX MaTepHaJlOB ( oco6eHHO e aeHaUHOHHOH npoMblWJleHHOCTH) . 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B Coe.llHHeHHOM KopoAeBCTBe 06beM npOHJBO.llCTBa Bhlpoc C 3500 TOHH e 1937 r . .110 130 000 TOHH e 1977 r . B 3TO epeMR 72 J aeona EepOnbl . BKAIO'leHHble B 3nH.lleMHOAOfH'leCKOe HCCAe.llOBaHHe , npoeeaeHHOe MAHP (10), npoHJBO.llHAH e o6weH CAO*HOCTH npHMepHO 1 , 8 MAH . TOHH HJOARUHOHHOH eaThl. K ynoMRHYTblM UH<j>paM CAeayeT .1106aBHTb npoayK UHIO BoCTO'l- HOH Eeponhl (BKAIO'laR CCCP), UeHTpaAbHOH H ffi*HOH AMepHKH, AJHH H A<j>pHKH . XOTR HH<j>OpMaUHR O coepeMeHHhlX o6beMax npoHJBO.llCTBa B HeKOTOpblX HJ nepe'lHCAeHHblX perHOHOB HenoA- HaR , e Ta6A . 2 npeacTaBAeHbl OUeHO'lHble noK aJaTeAH eaAOBOH npoayKUHH e 1973 r . e MHpe, a TaK*e reorpa<j>H'lecKoe pacnpe- aeAeHHe o6we ro npoayK Ta H THnbl MaTepHaAOB HJ HMB. 11.nR cpaBHeHHR: MHpoeoe npOHlBO.llCTBO ac6ecTa e 1982 r . COCTae- ARAO 3 , 9 MAH . TOHH (12), HJ KOTOphlx 2 MAH. TOHH npHXO.llHTCR Ha CCCP . EcAH yYecTb, YTo ronoeoe npoHJBO.llcTeo MaTepHaAoB HJ HMB Y*e K 1973 r. npeBhlCHAO 4,5 MAH. TOHH, enOAHe eepoRTHO , 'lTO HX BhlnycK B HaCTORWee epeMR HaMHoro npeBblWaeT npOHJBO.llCTBO ac6ecTa. 8 3TOH paCTyWeH OTpaCAH npOMblWAeHHOCTH JaHRTO orpoM- Hoe 'lHCAO pa60'lHX . TeMOH .llHCKyCCHH Ha KOH<j>epeHUHH 6brn · aHaAHJ CMepTHOCTH, npoeeaeHHhlH Ha rpynnax , HaC'lHThlBaBWHX OKOAO 40 000 pa60'lHX Eeponbl H CeeepHOH AMepHKH. ('lHTaAH, 'lTO B ceeepoaMepHKaHCKOH rpynne y 60AbWHHCTBa pa60'lHX HMeACR .ll]lHTeAbHblH npoH JBO.llCT BeHHblH CT a*: eeponeHC K aR rpynna BKAIO'laAa TOAbKO 20% o6wero 'lHCAa AHU, JaHRTblX e npOHJBO.llCTBax Eeponhl. To'lHOe 'lHCAO pa60'lHX, npOHJBO.llRWHX HMB B apyrHx reorpa<j>H'leCKHX perHoHax, He HJBeCTHO, HO, eepORTHO, HX HeMaAO. PacTywaR BO MHOrHx CTpaHax noTpe6HOCTb B paJpa60TKe Ay'lWHX HJOARUHOHHhlX MaTepHaAOB, coxpaHeHHH 3HeprHH H noBMWeHHH npo'lHOCTH , a TaK*e noTeHUHaAbHaR BOJMO*HOCTb HcnoAbJOBaHHR HeKOTOpblX HJ.lleAHH HJ HMB KaK JaMeHHTeAeH ac6ecTa CBH.lleTeAbCTBYIOT O TOM , 'lTO B 6y.11yweM cnpoc Ha 3TH MaTepHaAbl He yMeHbWHTCR . PaJyMeeTCR . HCCAe.11oeaHHR .llOA*Hbl 6hlTb HanpaeAeHhl e nepeyio O'lepe.llb Ha pa6o'lHX, JaHRThlX e npoHJBO.llCTBe HMB , nocKOAbKY npo<j>eccHOHaAbHOe BOJ.lleHCTBHe AerYe KOAH'lecTeeHHo oueHHTb e npouecce npoHJeoacTea Toro 14 TaOmwa 2. OueHO"ll-llile noKa3aTeJIH MHP()Boro npoH3BO)lCTBa MaTepHaJJOB H3 HMB B 1973 r. H30JlRUHOHHl>le TeKCTHJlbHble Beere MaTepHaJ'lbl MaTePHaJ'lbl I'eorpa¢H'lecKHH paHoH 1000 TOHH % 1000 TOHH % 1000 TOHH % EBpona (1800) (48) (345) (40) (2145) (46) 3ana.DHaR 1200 32 260 30 1460 32 8ocT01.lliaR 600 16 85 10 685 15 CeBepHaR AMepHKa 1600 43 400 46 2000 43 HnoHHR 200 5 100 12 300 7 ABCTpanHR 30 1 UettTPaJlbHaR/lmHa.R AMepHKa 120 3 20 2 140 3 Bcero B MHpe 3750 100 865 100 4585 100 VI HCTO'{HHJ<: Klingholz, R. et al. (11). HRH HHOro MaTepHana , YeM npH ero HCnORbJOBaHHH , XOTR B neHCTBHTeRbHOCTH 60RbWee ~HCRO n~neH nonBepraeTCR BOJneH- CTBH~ BO BpeMR HCnORbJOBaHHR MarepHanoe HJ HMB , oco6eHHO e CTpOHTeRbHOH npOMblWReHHOCTH (npHAO*eHHe 21 ) . 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Ha KOHct>e- peHUHH npellCTaBJleHhl peJyllbTaTM Tpex HOBhlX HCCJlenoeaHHH, BblnOJIHeHHblX B c rnA H KaHane . H OLlHOro B Eepone . BK JIJO'laBWHX pa60'lHX JaBOLlOB ceMH CTpaH (DaHHR, HTaJIHR, HopBerHR, CoellHHeHHOe KopolleBCTBO, ~enepaTHBHaR Pecny6JIHKa repMaHHR, ~HHJIRHLlHR H rneeUHR) , a TaK~e npennpHHRToro B rneeUHH aHaJIHJa CMepTHOCTH CTpOHTeJlbHhlX pa60'lHX (npH11o•eHHR 17, 18, 19, 20 H 21). EsponeHCKOe HCCJlellOBaHHe. BblnOJIHeHHOe MAHP B COTpyn- HH'leCTBe C HaUHOHaJlbHblMH HHCTHTyTaMH, BKJlm'laJIO IJ JaBOLlOB no npOHJBOLlCTBy HMB, B TOM 'lHCJle ceMb , npoHJBOLlRlllHX eaTy 32 HJ CKanbHMX nopoa, YeTMpe - CTeKnHHHy~ BaTy H llBa - HenpepblBHOe BOnOK HO ( OpHnolKeHHe 17) . B HC C.~ellOBaHlte 6bL~O BK n ~YeHO 25 146 pa60YHX . Ko BpeMeHH npoBelleHHH KOH$epeH- UHH peJynbTaTbl o6cneaoBaHHH Tpex .JaBOLIOB ellle He 6bL~H npeacTaBneHM. AttanorHYHoe HccnenosaHHe . npeanpHHHToe 0HTTC6yprcKHM yHHBepcltTeTOM, (WA . BKn~Yano 16 730 MYlKYHH , pa6oTaOOHX Ha 17 Jaeoaax (II - no npoHJBOLICTBy BOnOKHHC- TOro CTeKna H 6 - MHHepanbHOH BaTbl) (Op11nolKeHHe 18) . PeJynhTaTM eeponettcKoro H aMepHKaHcKoro HccneaoeaHHH B TOM BHlle , e KaKOM OHH 6MnH npeacTaBneHM Ha KOH$epeHUHH, He enonHe cpaBHHMbl. AMepHKaHCKaH Bbl60pKa orpaHHYeHa TOnbKO MylKYHHaMH, JaHHTMMH B npOHJBOLICTBe H 3KcnnyaTaUHH He Mettee oattoro roaa; eeponeHcKaH - BKn~Yana scex pa6oYHx c onpeaeneHHeM peJynbTaToB no no,1y . nonyYeHHb1e B o6oHx HccneaoBaHHHX peJynbTaTbl CBHJblBanH C K03qxj>HUHeHTaMH KyMynHTHBHoro BOJlleHCTBHR HMB . paCCYHTaHHblMH Ha OCHOBe COBMeCTHblX o6cneaoeaHHH npoHJBOLICTBeHHOH c pellbl. CornacHO C006llleHH~ aMepHKaHCKOe HccneaoBaHHe OXBa- TblBaJIO 6onblllHHCTBO pa60YHX (WA. noaBepraBWHXCR llJIHTenbHOMy BOJlleHCTBH~ HMB Ha JaBOllaX-HJfOTOBHTenRx . no paJHMM npHYHHaM HJ YHCna HJBeCTHMX JaBOLIOB-HJfOTOBHTeneH B Eepone e HccneaoBaHHe BKn~YeHO TOnbKO 20%. 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B HCCneaoeaHHH , BMnonHeHHOM B (WA , 6onbWl1HCTBO rpynn n~lleH. npoHJBOLIRlllHX CTeKnHHHy~ BaTy H HenpepblBHOe BOnOKHO, MOlKHO 6MJIO paJllenHTb , Torna KaK 6onbW3R YaCTb rpynn , npOHJBOLIRlllHX MHHepanbHY~ eaTy , nOL1Bepra11acb BOJlleHCTBH~ WJla KOB3Tbl HIHnH B3Tbl HJ CK 3JlbHblX nopon. JJ ~HCJIO CJlyYaee CMepTH H HX npHYHHhl cpaBHHBanH C o•Hna- eMblMH Ha OCHOBaHHH noK aJaTe.1eH Jl.~R HaUHOHaJlbHblX nonyJIRUHH (B ( IDA HCnOJlbJOBaJIH TaK*e noKaJaTeJIH ll.llff COOTBeTCTBy~WHX WTaTOB) H Bblpa*aJIH B BHne CTa HnapTHJOBaHHblX K03<txl>HUHeHTOB CMepTHOCTH ((KC) . 06wee YHcno cnyYaee CMepTH e Eepone OKaJaJIOCb J HaYHTeJlbHO MeHbWe, YeM B (IDA , TaK •e KaK YHCJIO KaTaMHeCTHYeCKHX Ha611~neHHH. TaKHM o6paJOM, eeponeHcKoe HccnenoeaHHe 6blJIO Me Hee 3<txl>eK THBHblM c TOY K H JpeHHff BhlffBJleHHff pa JJI HYHH B KapTHHe CMepTHOCTH B JaBHCHMOCTH OT THnoe eonoKoH . B o6oHx HccnenoeaHHRx oYeHb 6011bwy~ non~ cnyYaee cMepTH ynanocb ynocToeepHTb: nonyYeHo 6onee 97% CBHneTeJlbCTB O CMepTH . 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Ha K OH<jlepeHUHH npeLlCT ae11eHbl Ta K :«e npe11eapHTe,%Hble peJyllbTaTbl KpynHOMacwTa6Horo H J y<1eHHR 'la CTOTbl Clly'laee paKa 11erKHX cpeLlH pa6o'lHX-CTpOHTeJleH e WeeUHH (npHllO:«eHHe 21 ) . KoropTa 6bllla HeOLlHOpOLlHOH . a nepHOLl Ha611io11eHHR OTHOCHTeJlb- HO KopoTKHH .. YpoBHH BOJLleHCTBHR a c 6ecTa , HMB H npyrnx BHllOB nblJIH 6bUIH HeOLlHHaKOBblMH e paJHOe epeMR H e pa J HblX pa60'lHX MeCTax . K MOMeHTy npoeeneHHR KOH<jlepeHUHH Ha611ioneHHe Ja KoropToH ewe npo11011:«a.~ocb . PeJy11 bTaTb1 aHaJIHJa noKaJaJIH , 'lTO 3<t><l>eKTbl HMeewerocR B npOWJIOM BOJLleHCTBHH ac6ecTa MO:«HO OTLleJIHTb OT 3<t><l>eKTOB BO JLleHCTBHR HMB . XOTR Ha611ionaewHeCR 3<1><l>e K Tbl Hell b J R 6blll0 TO'lHO CBR JaTb C KaKHM-TO OLlHHM <jlaKTOpOM . 06Jop KapTHHhl CMepTHOCTH HH:«e npHeeneHo pe J ioMe o6 Jopa J.C. McDonald . 8 3KCnepHMeHTax Ha :«HBOTHblX eeeneHHble B nollOCTb 6plOWH- Hbl HJIH n11eepbl HMB LIHaMeTpOM MeHbWe 0,25 MKM OK3JblB3IOT KaH- ueporeHHOe neHCTBHe , npH'leM , 'leM TOHbWe BOJIOKHa , TeM 60JlbWe HX K aHueporeHHOCT b . )K cnepHMeHTbl C BLlblXaHHeM ecTeCT BeHHblX ac6eCTOBblX BOJIOKOH naioT Te :«e pe J yllbT3Tbl; Heo6XOLlHMO BblRCHHTb, OKaJblBalOT JIH nono6Hoe neHCTBHe HMB . IHBOTHblM 06bl'lHO BBOLlRT LlOJY BOJIOKOH ' B HeCKOJlbKO pa J npeBblW310WYIO Te ypoBHH JarpRJHeHHR' BOJLleHCTBHIO KOTOpblX noneepraeTCR 'leJIOBeK; KpoMe Toro, HHbeKUHR He HLleHTH'lHa HHraJIRUHH . H 3KcnepHMeHTallbHhle, H 3nHLleMHOJIOrH'leCKHe naHHhle B UeJIOM CBHLleTeJlbCTBYIOT O ea:«HOCTH <jlopMbl H paJMepa ecex BOJIOKOH KaK onpeneJIRIOWero <jlaKTopa paJBHTHR MeJOTeJIHOMbl H . no-BHLlHMOMy, paKa 11erKHX y 'leJIOBeKa . TaKHM o6pa J OM , ecTb Bee OCHOBaHHR npenno11araTb , 'lTO He MeHbWHH pHCK c onpR:«eH C HCKyCCTBeHHblMH BOJIOKHaMH "KpHTH'leCKHX" paJMepoe H <jlopMbl. HMelOTCR coo6weHHR O pe JyllbTaTax HCCJlenoeaHHR 5 KoropT; Hcc11enoeaHHR 6blJIH JanyMaHbl KaK J OHLIHPYK>WHe ( 21-25) . Bee OHH BKJIIO'laJIH pa6o'lHX , JaHRThlX e npOH J BOLlCTBe HMB , H He BblRBHJIH 'leTKOH CBRJH paJBHTHR paKa HJIH npyrHx Ja6011eeaHHH c BOJLleHCTBHeM HMB. RHWb HeMHOrHe pa6o'lHe HaXOLlHJIHCb non Ha61110L1eHHeM B Te'leHHe 20 HJIH 30 JleT c o epeMeHH Ha'laJla pa60Thl - o6W'lHOro JlaTeHTHoro nepHOLla paKa 11erKHX H Me JOTe- JIHOM, paJBHBalOWHXCR noc11e BOJLleH CTBHR ac6ecTa . 011HaKO ypOBHH BOJLleHCTBHR npH npoHJBOLlCTBe HMB O'leHb HH J KH , n03TOMy na:«e BhlCOKHH pHCK MOr He BhlRBHTbCR . 37 HHKaKoe eaHHH'lHOe Hccne~oeaHHe He ycTaHaenHeaeT npH'lHHHO-c.~eacTBeHHYIO Ja BHCHMOCTb. a MOllleT TOnbKO HCKnlO'lHTb ee . Y6eaHTeJlbHbl -~HWb cor nacyiomHeCR Melllay co6oH peJyJlbTaTbl HeCKOJlbKHX HccneaoeaHHH . aa H TO B TOM TOnbKO cny'lae, ecJlH epeMeHHaR J aBHCHMOCTb Melllay peaKUHeH H BOJaeHCTBHeM 6HOJlOrH4ecK H npHeMJleMa . He BblRCHeH TaKJlle eonpoc O TOM , B KaKOH Mepe 'lHCJlO BHllHMblX eonoKOH MOllleT cnylllHTb noK a J aTeneM llOJbl eonoK OH. OTBeTCTBeHHOH Ja paJBHTHe 6oneJHH . ~TO KacaeTCR paKa nerKHX, HHayuHpoeaHHOro ac6eCTOM , TO HMelOWHeCR aaHHble CBHaeTenbCTBYIOT O JlHHeHHOH JaBHCHMOCTH Melllay CTeneHblO pHCKa H ypoeHeM BOJaeHCTBHR . npH ycllOBHH, 'lTO 3Ta JaBHCHMOCTb aeHCTBHTenbHO JlHHeHHa. Mbl MOllleM Bbl'lHCJlHTb cTeneHb pHcKa paKa nerKoro a priori, ecnH HMB TaK Ille onacHbl , K aK ac6ecT . 0Tcioaa aallle JaperHcTpHpoeaHHble ypoBHH BOJaeHCTBHR CTeKJlRHHoro BOJlOKHa B 60JlbWHX aMepHKaHCKHX KoropTax (npHllOllleHHe 18) npHeeayT K oaHOMy HJ6blTO'lHOMy CJly'lalO CMepT H 3 -~Y'lWeM cny'lae H npHMepHO K wecTH - B xyaweM . fulR KoropTbl JlHU . noaeepralOWHXCR BOJaeHCTBHIO MHHepanbHOH BaTbl , COOTBeT CT ByiowaR MHHHManbHaR eenH'lHHa He npeBblCHT eaHHHUbl. a MaKCHManbHaR 6yaeT paeHa npHMepHO aecRTH. HJ 16 730 pa6o'lHX 17 KpynHeHWHX aMepHKaHCKHX Jaeoaoe HMB JHa'lHTeJlbHOe 'lHCJlO ( 6430) HaxoaHnocb non Ha6nioaeHHeM e Te'leHHe 20 neT H 6onee c MoMeHTa Ha'lana pa6oTbl. Ha Jaeoaax CTeKJlRHHOro BOJlOKHa cpeaHRR HHTeHCHBHOCTb BOJaeH- CTBHR 6b1Jla HHJKOH HJlH O'leHb HHJKOH (0,039 eonoKOH/Mn). HJ6blTO'lHOH Ja6oneeaeMoCTH paKoM nerKHx H pocTa CKC He 6bi.no 'lepeJ 30 neT H 6onee nocne nepeoro KOHTaKTa c HMB. YpoBHH BO J aeHCTBHR Ha Jaeoaax MHHepallbHOH BaTbl COCTaBHJlH B cpeaHeM 0 , 353 BOJlOKOHIMA . noKaJaTeJlH CMepTHOCTH OT paKa llblXaTenbHblX nyTeH cpeaH pa6o'lHX 3THX Jaeoaoe He CTOnb yTeWHTeJlbHbl (45 ~aKTH'leCKHX CJly'laee no cpaeHeHHIO c 28,1 olllHaaeMoro, CKC 172, 4) , oaHa Ko noapo6HblH aHanHJ He BblRBHJl CHCTeMaTH'leCKOH JaBHCHMOCTH 3THX noKaJaTeneH HH OT npoaOJllllHTeJlbHOCTH, HH OT HHTeHCHBHOCTH BOJaeHCTBHR . BoJMOlllHO, paHbWe Ha 3THX J aeoaax npHMeHRJlH ac6ecT, oaHaKO aallle BOJaeHCTBHe oaHoro TOnbKO ac6ecTa e ycTaHOBJleHHblX KOHUeHTpaUHRX He llOJllllHO 6b1Jl0 Bbl J BaTb 3~eKT 60JlbWHH. 'leM Ha6nioaancR . 38 On.1e'leHa nOBblWeHHaff no cpaetteHUIO C Ol«HllaeMOH 'laCTOTa cny<taee paKa ne'leHH H •eJl'IHblX npoTOKOB , HO Bpffll JlH 3TO o6ycnoeneHo BOJlleHCTBHeM BOJlOKOH per se. noeb1WeHHOH OKaJanacb CMepTHOCTb OT HeonyxoneBblX Ja6oneeaHHH opraHOB llblXaHHff, onRTb-TaKH He JaBHCRWaff OT napaMeTpoe 3KCnOJHUHH . 8Topoe aMepHKattcKoe HccnenoeaHHe (npHno•ettHe 19) BKJltO'laJlo 4399 MY*'IHH , pa6oTaBWHX e Te'leHHe 10 JleT H 6onee Ha 60JlbWOM Jaeone CTeKJlffHHOro BOJlOKHa . BblffBJleH 'leTKHH 3<jKlleKT yny'IWeHHff COCTOffHHff JllOpOBbff pa6o'IHX ((KC .ll..~ff ecex npH'IHH 85) . B To •e epeMR noKaJaTeJlH llJlff. paKa nerKHx He cTOJlb Ko 6J1aronoJ1y'IHbl ( Ha6nt011aJ1oc b 3 7 cny<taee cMepTH no 'cpaeHeHHIO c 2 7 OJrn11aeMblMH ( CKC 135) . npH'leM 11 cJJy<taee CMepTH OTMe'leHbl B rpynne JlHU C 60JlbWHM CTa*eM pa60Tbl ( CK( 186) . noJly'leHHble llaHHble He Bbl ff BHJlH nOBblWeHHOH CMepTHOCTH OT KaKOH-JlH60 ewe npH'IHHbl. B KaHallCKOH Bbl60pKe, BKJltO'laeweii 2576 MY*'IHH , JaHRTblX B npOHJBOllCTBe CTeKJlOBOJlOKHHCTOro HJOJlffUHOHHoro MaTepHaJla, rne, cor JlaCHO HenaeHO noJly'leHHblM 11aHHblM , KOHUeHTpaUHH BOJlOK HHCTOH nblJIH He npeBblWaJIH O' I BOJIOK OH/MJI BOJ.llyxa' yMep11O 88 'leJJoeeK, HJ HHX 72 <tenoeeKa no11eepraJ1Hcb BOJlleHCTBHIO areHTa TOJlbKO Ha Jaeone. (MepTHOCTb OT ecex npH'IHH, BKJIIO'laff JJIOKa'leCTBeHHble onyxOJlH H 6011eJHH opraHOB llblXaHHff, OKaJaJlaCb 6JlHJKOH K O*HllaeMOH, HO npH 3TOM HMeJla MeCTO HJ6blTO'IHaff CMepTHOCTb OT pa Ka -~erKoro ( 7 no cpaette- HHIO C 4,2 O*HllaeMOH) . 60JlbWHHCTBO JIHU yMepJIH cnycTR 10 11eT H 60J1ee nocne nepeoro ttaitMa Ha pa6oTy (6 no cpaeHeHHIO c 3,6 O*HllaeMoro) (flpHno•ettHe 20) . CoeMeCTHoe eeponeiicKoe Hccne~oeattHe , KOOpllHHHpyeMoe MAHP (flpHJIO*eHHe 17), BKJltO'laJlo COCTaeJleHHYIO ceMblO CTpaHaMH KoropTy, KOTOpaR no paJMepaM COOTBeTCTBOBaJla aMepHKaHCKOH (npHJJo•eHHe 18). KoropTa·ttac'IHTbleana 25 146 pa6o<tHx 13 Jaeo.aoe, npOHJBO.llffWHX CTeKJlffHHYIO eaTy , HenpepblBHOe BOJlOK HO H eaTy HJ CK aJlbHblX nopo.a . Y<tTeHbl 6blJ1H ece JIIOllH, Korna-J1H6O pa6oTaewHe Ha 3THX Jaeo11ax; 97% HJ HHx HaXO.llHJIHCb no.a Ha611t0.aeHHeM, O.llHaKO 40% o6wero 'IHCJla pa6oTaBWHX HMeJIH CTa* pa60Tbl Ha Jaeo11ax Mettee OllHOro ro.aa. Bcero yMepno 1659 <teJloBeK ( 1505 MY*'IHH H 154 •eHWHHbl) . HecMOTpR Ha HellOCTaTKH 3Toro npo1IOJl*at0we- rocff HCCJle.llOBaHHff , KO epeMeHH npoeeneHHff KOH~epeHUHH noJly'leHbl pe JyJlbTaTbl, llOCTaTO'IHble llJlff npoeepK H aMepH K aHCK HX naHHblX ( flpHJJo•eHHe 18)' B 'laCTHOCTH rnnoTeJbl O nOBblWeHHOH 39 CMepTHOCTH OT paKa nerKHX cpenH nHU, JaHRTMX B npOHJBOll- CTBe MHHepallbHOH BaTbl . CpaeHeHHe 'IHCJla Ha6J110l1aeMblX H o ;rnnaeMblX Clly'faee CMepTH 'lepe J 20 H JO 11eT BblRBHJIO YllHBHTeJlbHOe CXOllCTBO naHHMX aMepHKaHCKHX H eeponeHCKHX HCCJlellOBaHHH, XOTR 'IHCJ10 cny'faee CMepTH 6Mno He60JlbWHM . TaK )l(e KaK e CIIIA , npeaapHTell bHblH aHaJIHJ, ebmo11HeHHblH e Eepone, CBHlleTeJlbCTByeT O nOBblWeHHOH CMepTHOCTH OT onyxoJleBblX Ja6011eeaHHH op r aHOB llblXaHHR • . illeeacKHe HccJ1eaoeaTeJ1H (npHJIO)l(eHHe 21) npeacTaeHnH npeaeapHTeJlbHble aaHHble npHMepHO O 1 JS 000 CTpOHTeJlbHblX pa60'IHX. enepBble 06c11eaoeaHHblX B 1971-1974 rr . . KOTOpble. cor11acHO HMelOWHMCR ceeaeHHRM , noaeepraJlHCb BOJlleHCTBHIO HMB B ropaJllO 60JlbWeH CTeneHH. 'feM -~Hua. JaHRTble HX npoHJ- BOllCTBOM . noKaJaTeJlH Ja6011eeaeMOCTH paKOM nerKHX B 3TOH 60JlbWOH KoropTe noTeHUHa.%HO O'feHb Ba)l(Hbl. HO cepbeJHble MeTOllOJlOrH'feCKHe H apyrHe norpeWHOCTH He noJBOnRIOT HCnOJlbJOBaTb no11y'feHHMe peJyJlbTaTM. KoropTa npeacTaBJleHa 'lpeJBM'faHHO reTeporeHHOH rpynnoif )l(HBMX JIHU, HlleHTH.HUH- poeaHHblX B Te'feHHe Tpex neT H Ha6J110llaBWHXCff Ha npOTff:«eHHH He HaMHoro 6onee llJIHTel1bHoro npoMe:«yTKa epeMeHH (oT nRTH no BOCbMH JleT) . npaBHJlbHO HCnOJlbJOBaH MeToaonorH'feCKHH noaxoa . OCHOBaHHblH Ha npHHUHne "Clly'faH - KOHTpOllb". OcHoeHaff npo6neMa KacaJ1acb onpeae11eHHff ypoeHeif eoJaeifcT- BHff , nocKOJlbKY CTpOHTellbHMe pa6o'IHe, KaK npaBHJIO, KOHTaK- THpyioT He TOJlbKO c HMB . HO TaK:«e c ac6eCTOM H npyroif nbUJblO . CoeepweHHO O'feBHllHa COMHHTeJlbHOCTb BOJMO:«HOCTH TO'IHO ycTaHOBHTb xapaKTep CMeWaHHOro BOJlleHCTBHff 20-40-JleTHeH naBHOCTH no onHcaHHIO pa6oT . Ha aaHHOH CTallHH pe J ynbTaTM 3Toro HccneaoeaHHff HeBOJMO:«HO KaK-nH60 HHTepnpeTHpoeaTb. • AeTop 3Toro o6Jopa pacnoJ1araJ1 60J1ee noapo6ttoif HH.OpMaUHeH , 'feM Ta , KOTOpaff BKJllO'feHa B peJIOMe . B npHnO)l(eHHH 17 He npHeeaeHbl CK( llllff HeonyxoneBblX Ja6oneeaHHH opraHOB llblXaHHff B Eepone . B TO )l(e epeMff e npHJlO)l(eHHH 18 ynoMHHaeTCR O noBMWeHHOM CKC OT onyxoneBMX Ja6olleBaHHH opraHOB llblXaHHR e CillA . 40 JaKJIIO'leHHe BblnOJIHeHHble B npOWJIOM 06c,1enosaHHR pa60'lHX . JaHRTblX B npoHJBOLlCTBe HMB, naJIH OTpHUaTellbHMe peJyllbTaTM , 'lero HeJlbJR C yeepeHHOCTblO CKaJaTb O HOBMX naHHMX , npencTaeneH- HMX Ha KOH.epeHUHH . EcnH He C'lHTaTb CTpOHTeJlbHMX pa60'lHX, ace HCCJleLIOBaHHR. K acaewHeCR npOMblWJleHHOfO npoH JBOLlCTBa HMB, BMRBHJIH HJ6MTO'lHYIO CMepTHOCTb OT paKa 11erKHX no cpaeHeHHIO c O*HLiaeMOH cnycTR 20 11eT H 6011ee noc11e tta'la11a pa60TM C HMB . 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CoeepweHHO O'leBHLIHa tteo6xoLIHMOCTb B 6011ee HaLie*HblX 3OHL!eMHOJ1OfH'leCK HX naHHblX . Y'laCTHHKH neyx o6wHpHMX HCCJleLIOBaHHH, npOBOLlHMMX e Espone H CIIIA. LlOll*Hbl npOLlOJlllHTb Ha6J110L1eHHe Ja cyweCTBYIOWHMH KOropTaMH, noBMCHTb conocTaBHMOCTb MeTOLlOB OT6opa npo6 H HX aHaJIHJa, a TaK*e TWaTeJlbHO nposepRTb BOJMO*HOCTb HMeewerocR B npoWJIOM BOJLleHCTBHR epeLIHMX areHTOB BO ecex CJly'laRx MeJOTeJIHOMbl H pa Ka 11erKoro y HeKypRWHX . nono6Hble HCCJlenoeaHHR 11y'lwe ecero nonKpenllRTb 3JleKTpOHHO-MHKpOCKO- nH'leCKOH oueHKOH HarpyJ~H BOJIOKHaMH . 6011eJHH opraHOB LlblXaHHR y pa60'lHX B HaCTORWee epeMR y HeKOTOpblX pa60'lHX. JaHRTblX B npoHJBOLlCTBe HMB (npHllO*eHHe 10) , a TaK*e y CTpOHTeJleH BCKOpe noc11e Ha'laJla pa60Tbl noRBJIReTCR paJnpa*eHHe K OllHblX noK poeoe . K OHblOHK TH Bbl eepxHHX LlblXaTeJlbHblX nyTeH ( pHHHT, 11apHHrHT, TpaxeHT) . )TH CHMOTOMM CBRJMBalOT c BOJLleHCTBHeM BOJIOKOH 6OJlbWOfO LIHaMeT- pa, 'lTO, OL!HaKo, HellbJR C'lHTaTb LlOKaJaHHblM , Y'lHTblBaR 41 ODHOBpeMeHHOe BnHRHHe npyroA BJBeWeHHOH B BOJayxe nhlnH H XHMHYeCKHX eewecTB , HanpHMep KneR . CornacHo HMe~WHMCff naHHblM Ja6oneBaHHR BepxHHX LlblXaTenbHblX nyTeH 6onee HnH MeHee npononlkHTenbHhle JaBHCRT OT KOHUeHTpaUHH nhlnH H npononlkHTenbHOCTH TPYllOBOH neRTenbHOCTH B ycnoBHRX JanMneHHOCTH . CpeL!H nHU , JaHRThlX B npoHJBODCTBe HMB. TaKHe Ja6oneBaHHR BCTpeYa~T Cff pelke, YeM y nHU, o6pa6aTblBa- ~HX 3TH BOnoK Ha, HanpHMep JaHRTblX CK pyYHBaHHeM npRlkH HnH HJroToeneHHeM TKaHoro nonoTHa Ja Jaeonax HenpepblBHoro sonoKHa (npHnolkeHHe 9). Ha KOH.epeHUHH npencTaBneH o6Jop nHTepaTypHhlX naHHhlX O nopalkeHHRX opraHOB DhlXaHHR , CBRJaHHhlX C BOJaeHCTBHeM HMB (npHnolkeHHe 22). 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B TO lke BpeMR OTMeYeHa CBRJb MelkL!Y pacnpocTpaHeHHOCTb~ MenKHX OYaroB JaTeMHeHHH Ha peHTreHorpaMMax rpyaHOH KneTKH (no KnaccH.HKaUHH MelkayHapoaHOH opraHHJaUHH Tpyna) (27) H HHTeHCHBHOCTb~ ypOBHeH BOJDeHCTBHR BOnOKOH Ha llBYX JaBonax. npOHJBODRWHX TOHKHe (nHaMeTp 1-3 MKM) H 06blYHble (nHaMeTp 6onbwe 3 MKM) CTeKnRHHble BOnOKHa. Ha 6onee JanhlneHHOM HJ 3THX JaBOllOB yKaJaHHaR JaBHCHMOCTb BhlRBneHa cpenH KypRWHX H HeKypRWHX nHu . Torna KaK Ha MeHee Janb~eHH0M - TOnbKO cpenH KypRWHX . PeHTreHonorHYeCKHe HJMeHeHHR HenbJR 6Mno c ysepeHHOCTb~ OTHeCTH K .H6poJy HAH npHnHcaTb BnHRHH~ TOAbKO BOn0KOH . 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KoH~epeHUHR CTaJla KYJlbMHHaUHeH npoBODHBWerocR B TetteHHe HeCKOJlbKHX JleT HHTeHCHBHor o HayttHo r o HCCJlenoeaHHR , KOTopoe MO*eT CllY*HTb MODeJlblO HCCllenoBaTellbCKOH p a 60Thl B 06J1aCTH WHpOKOro Kpyra npo6J1eM npo~eccHoHaJlbHOH r HrHeHb1; oHa noKaJaJla, KaKHM o6pa J OM MO*HO DOCTH'tb npaK TH'teCKOH KoonepaUHH Me*DY npaBHTellbCTBeHHblMH ' HayttHO-HCCllenoeaTeJlbCKHMH opraHHJa- UHRMH, aKaneMH'teCKHMH HHCTHTyTaMH H npoMhlWJleHHOCTblO. HJBJletteHhl ypOKH OTHOCHTeJlbHO BOJMO*HOro BJIHRHHR conyTCT- BYIOUlHX ~aKTOpOB (HanpHMep , BO J DeHCTBHe npyrHx BOJIOKOH Ha npenb1nyU1HX pa6ottHX MecTax, 3 JleMeHTbl CTHJIR *HJHH. a HMeHHO KypeHHe) . no11ytteHHble peJyllbTaTbl npencTaBJIRIOT 60JlbWYIO UeHHOCTb DJIR 60J1ee WHpoKoH nporpaMMbl EeponeiicKoro perHoHaJlbHoro 6iopo B03 no HJytteHHIO JHatteHHR DJIR JDOPOBbR KatteCTBa BoJnyxa BHyTpH noMeWeHHH , K OTOpoe BK JIIO'taJlo 6bl oueH Ky CTpOHTeJlbHblX , HJOJIRUHOHHhlX H OTDeJIO'tHhlX MaTepHaJIOB. BblJBaJla ono6peHHe BblC K a.1aHHaR JaHHTepecoBaHHOCTb HHnycTpHH HMB B nponoll*eHHH HCCJlenosaHHH B naHHOH 0611acTH. OcTaeTCR ewe MHoro HepeweHHhlX eonpocoB, H HH B 'tbHX HHTepecax npeKpawaTb HccnenoeaHHR npe*neepeMeHHO. B JaKJliotteHHe r-H Waddington no6J1aronapHJ1 HHpeKTopa PerHoHaJlbHoro 6iopo Ja ero BKJ1an e ycnewHyio pa6oTy KOH~epeHUHH , KOTopaR OKaJaJlacb Ba*HblM H CTHMYllHPYIOUlHM co6blTHeM K aK MR MAHP , TaK H MR PernoHaJlbHoro 6iopo. 70 CnllCOK JIIITEPA D' Phl I. MethodJ of monitoring and evaluating airborne man-made mineral fibreJ: report on a WHO Consultation. Co penhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 1981 (EURO Reports and Studies, No. 48). 2. Determination of airborne inorganic fibre concentrationJ in workplaces by light microJcopy. Geneva, International Organization for Standard- ization, 1982 (Document ISO/TC 146/ SC2 No. 78). 3. Kllngholz, R. Technology and production of man-made mineral fibres. AnnalJ of occupational hygiene, 20: I 53-159 ( 1977). 4. 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No. 22 (rev.SO)). 28 . Gross, H. el al. The lungs of fibre glass workers. In: Occupational exposures to fibrous glass. Washington , DC, National Institute o f Occupational Safety and Health , l976(HEW Publicat ion No. (NIOSH) 76- 1151 ). pp. 249-263. 72 nPHJJOIEHH51 npHno•eHHR 1-45, Ja HCKn~YeHHeM cneuHanbHO YK aJaHHblX. npe.acTaBnR~T co6oit peJ~Me pa60YHX MaTepHanoe. npe.acTaeneHHblx Ha KOH<jlepeHUHH ee yYaCTHHK aMH . 3TH MaTepHanbl OTpa•a~T BJf nR.llbl aeTopoe'H Heo6RJaTenbHO npe.acTaenR~T peweHHR HnH o<j>HUHanbHY~ nonHTHKy BceMHpHOH opraHHJaUHH J.apaeooxpaHeHHR. OpHJJOJ«eHHe I KOOPnHHHPOBAHHOE HAY~HOE HCCnEnOBAHHE 6HOnorH~ECKOro nEHCTBHH HMB J.D. Cameron• necllTb JJeT HaJa.a cneuHaJIHCTaM no npOHJBO.llCTBy H o6pa60TKe HMB (3Ty OTpaCJJb npOMblWJleHHOCTH npe.aCTaBJIJIJIH .aee npo<j>ecCHOHaJJbHble accouHaUHH - MeJ«.ayHapOLIHblH KOMHTeT HCKyc- CTBeHHblX H CHHTeTHqecKHx eoJJoKoH , HJIH MKHCB , H EeponeHcKall accouHaUHJI QIHpM-HJrOTOBHTeJJeH H J OJIJIUHOHHblX MaTepHaJIOB . 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BMe CTe e TeM MeTon $KOM newee, He Tpe6yeT 60JlbWHX BpeMeHHblX JaTpaT H (B pyYHOM BapHaHTe) nopTaTHBeH; OH no J BOJlReT yYHTblBaTb 60JlbWHHeTBO HMB JlJIHHHee 5 MKM . ABTOMaTHJHpoBaHHblH aHaJlH J npHJB a H nOBbl CHTb Boe npoH J- BODHMOCTb peJyJlbTaTOB ; KpOMe Toro, OH 6yneT peHTa6eJlbHee B Tex cnyYaRx, Korna noTpe6yeTe R o6pa6oTaTb OYeHb 60JlbWOe YHCJlO eTeKOJl. DOJlbWHHeTBO pa Jpa60TO K B 3TOH o6nacTH ttanpaenetto Ha yeoeepweHeTBOBaHHe noncYeTa ae6ecTOBMx BOJlOKOH, H Heo6xonHMO npHJlOlKHTb nononHHTeJlbHble yCHJlHR, YT06M aBTOMaTHJHpOBaTb noneYeT HMB . 99 JHaYHTenbH~e ycnexH nocTHrHyT~ Ha nyTH peweHHR Tpyn- HocTeH, CBR Ja HH~X C HH JKOH KOHTpaCTHOCTb~ BOnOKOH ; 3TOT taKTOp paHbWe orpaHHYHBan aBTOMaT HJ HpoBaHH~H aHanHJ ac6ecTOB~X BonOKOH Ha MeM6pa HH~X tHnbTpax . 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Hammad BoJaeHCTBHe KepaMH4eCKHX BOJlOKOH Ha pa604HX onpeae11R- JlH B xoae 06c11enosaHHR Tpex .Jasonos no Hx npoHJBoacTsy . 06c11enosaHHble JaBOHbl - 3TO OCHOBHble npoHJBOHHTeJlH npoayK Ta B (WA; see OHH, noMHMO npo4eH npoayKUHH, BhlnycKa~T KpHCTaJ1JlH4eCKHH BOJlOKHHCTblH MaTepHaJl ( HOMHHaJlbHblH aHaMeTp BOJlOKOH 2-4 MKM) . TOJlbKO Ha oaHOM HJ JaBOHOB HJrOTOBJleH- Hhle KepaMH4eCKHe BOJlOKHa nonsepra~TCR cywecTBeHHOH aaJlbHeH- WeH o6pa60TKe (c 60Jl bWHMH JaTpaTaMH Tpyaa) C no11y4eHHeM apyrHx KOHe4HhlX n~oayKTOB . KoHUeHTpaUHH o6WHX BJBeweHHhlX MHKp04aCTHU (OBM) Ha Tpex Jasoaax COCTaBHJlH 0,37-100 Mr/M 3 , 0,19-9,73 Mr/M 3 H 0,35- 1 ,21 Mr/M 3 . Ha Jasone, rne BOJlOKHa noaeepra11Hcb aaJlbHeHWeH o6pa6oT Ke , ypoBeHb Ja nblJleHHOCTH OK aJaJICR Ha nopRHOK BhlWe , 4eM Ha nsyx apyrHx, npH4eM MaKCHMaJlbHaR JanhlJleHHOCTb onpeae11RJ1acb B JO Ha x HJrOTOBJleHHR BOJlOKOH. npH HCKJ1~4eHHH nocnenHHx HJ cpaB HHTeJlbHoro aHaJlHJa 06c11e- nosaHHb1e JaBOHbl HH4eM cywecTBeHHO He OTJlH4aJlHCb apyr OT apyra, H HH OHHH HJ JaBOHOB nocTOBepHO He OTJIH4aJICR OT apyrnx no ypOBH~ JanblJleHHOCTH. xapa K TepHoMy LLJIR aHanorH4HhlX onepaUHH. KoHueHTpaUHH BOJlOKOH, onpeae11ReMble MeTOHOM onTH4eCKOH MHKpOCKOnHH , COCTaBJlRJlH LLJIR Tpex Jasonos: 0,02-56 BOJIO- KOHIMJI, 0,035- 6,7 BOJlOKOH /MJl H 0,005-0,29 BOJlOKOHIMJl. 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Kor na cpaBHHBa1111 c penHlte KOHUeHTpau1111 OBM H cpenHHe o6wHe KOHUeHTpau1111 BOllOKOH B npene11ax YeTKO 11neHTH.HUHpOBa HHMX KaTeropHH npOHJBOflCTBeH- HOH neRTellbHOCTH, KoppellRUHR OKaJa11acb BMCOKOH (r = 0,903). TaKOH peJyllbTaT o6bRCHReTCR TeM, YTO BOllOKHa COCTaBllR~T scero llHWb He60llbWY~ YaCTb o6weH nM1111 11 HX BKllan B o6wy~ Macey Ka:«noH npo6M HeBellHK . On HaKO, Karna KOHUeHTpaUHR OBM, KOTopaR c11y:«HT MepoH Ja n~lleHHOCTH, npHHHMaeTCR Ja KpHTepHH pa6oYeH TeXHOllOrHH, eCTb see OCHOBaHHR o:«11naTb KoppellRUH~ Me:«ny ypOBHeM BOJnettCTBHR BOllOKOH 11 o6weH YHCTOTOH onepau1111 . B paMKax npencTaBlleHHOH pa60TM c penH~~ o6wy~ KOHUeHTpaUH~ BOllOKOH (YH CllO BOllOKOH s I Mll BOJnyxa) DJJR 11~6oro Kllacca Janay MO:«HO Bbl ' IHCllHTb HJ cpenHeH se1111YHHb1 OBM (Mr/MJ) no •opMy11e : KoHUeHTpaUHR so110KOH = OBM x (0,38 ± 0, 18) topMylla npHMeHHMa TOllbKO K onpene11eHH~ conep:«aHHR KepaMHYeCKHX BOllOKOH , TaK KaK BMBeneHa HJ 3MnHpHYeCKHX cpenHHX K OHUeHTpaUHH nblllH H 80110K OH . B npouecce 06c11enosaHHR aHa1111J11posa1111 TaK:«e paJMepbl BJBeweHHMX B BOJnyxe BOllOKOH. Pacnpene11eHHR BOllOKOH no nHaMeTpy B JOH ax npoHJBoncTBa H 11 J roTOBlleHHR 6bllll1 c paBHH- Mbl, HO s ue110M B611H J H JOH HJ rOTOBlleHHR BOllOKHa OKa JallHCb KOpOYe. YTO cor 11acyeTCR c oco6eHHOCTRMl1 pa J pblBa TaK HX BOllOKOH . DonR BOllOKOH (TeHTOHa, 111111 BOJIOKOH S-THna (n11aMeTp MeHbWe I ,5 MKM 11 DJIHHa 6011bwe · 8 MKM), K011e6a11acb OT 25 no 40% . 6ollbWHHCTBO BJ BeWeHHMX s BOJnyxe BOllOKOH HMellH nHaMeTp MeHbWe 3 MKM, npHYeM nHaMeTp MeHee nOllOBHHbl BOllOKOH 6brn Ja npene11aMH I ,5-8,0 MKM. MeTonoM onTHYeCKOH MHKpOCKOnHH onpene11HTb KOHUeHTpau11~ BOllOKOH S-T11na TpynHo . TpynHo TaK:«e o6o6WHTb ypoBHH BOJDeHCTBHR KepaMHYeCKHX BOJIOKOH npH HX HJrOTOBlleHHH no cpaBHeHH~ C npyrHMH onepaUHRMH npOHJBOnCTBa HMB . 103 npHllO:«eHHe 15 TPYllHOCTH. CBHJAHllblE C HJME PEHHEM MACC-KOHUEHTPAUHH BJBEWEHHblX B BOJllYXE HMB J. Dodgson, G.E. Harrison, J. Ottery, P. Oldershaw & J. 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B xone HccJ1enoaaHHH. npoBOl!HMblx OECMHH, cpaBHHBaJlH Macc-K OHUeHTpaUHH nblJIH, H JMe peHHble HHllHBHl!yaJlbHblM npo6o- OT6opHH KOM c aep:«aTelleM $HllbTpa OTKpMTOro THna l!HaMeTpOM 104 25 MM H OllHOBpeMeHHO HH1IHBH1IyaJlbHblMH npo6ooT60pHH K aMH c 11eplf(aTeneM $HnbTpa llHaMeTpOM 37 MM. 0THOWeHHe KOHUeHTpa- UHH B 3THX CYHTaBWHXCR OllHHaKOBblMH npo6ax llOCTHrano 2: 1. B apyroH pal npo6bl 6panH OllHOBpeMeHHO c npo6ooT6opHHKOM c 11eplf(aTeneM $HnbTpa OTKpblToro THna llHaMeTpOM 25 MM HnH c peKOMeH11yeMOH HKJ6 HaCallKOH BO Bpe MR BblnOnHeHHR pa60YHMH TennoHJOnRUHOHHblX pa6oT . Ecn11 OT6op npoH J BOll Hn H CTaTHYec- K H pa c nonolf(eHHblMH ( B HenocpellCTBeH HOH 6n11 JOCTH) npo6ooT - 6opHHK aMH. nonyYaeMble peJynbTaTbl TeCHO KOppe.wposanH. HO s cnyYae yKpenneHHR HX Ha OllHOM H TOM lf(e YenoseKe KOHUeHTpa- UHR nblnH B npo6ax, BJRTblX Ha $HnbTp c Haca11K OH. 6blna B cpe11HeM s 3 paJa 6onhwe . 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Pa6oTa~WHX pacnpe11e11R~T Ha rpynnbl B COOTBeTCTBHH c JOHaMH BOJlleHCTBHR ; COOTBeTCTBY~WHe npo6bl MapKHpy~T COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ka:«llOMY nepHOllY OT6opa npo6bl . ]oHa BOJlleH- CTBHR - yYaCTOK . llJlR KOToporo xapaKTepHO HaJlHYHe rpynnbl JlHU, BblnOJlHR~WHX aHaJlOrHYHy~ p a 6oTy, CXOllHblX ypoetteii BOJlleHCTBHR epenttoro areHT a H npoH J BOllCTBeHHblX ycnOBHH . KpoMe Toro, c uenb~ Ha6n~neHHR Ja onpeneneHHblMH HHllHBH - nyyMaMH JOHbl BO J lleHCTBHR He06XOllHMO HlleHTH.HUHpoeaTb KaK onpeneneHHble pa6oYHe MeCTa. Te, KTO OYepYHBaeT JOHbl BOJlleHCTBHR H npHnHcbleaeT K HHM pa6oTa~WHX, 11011:«Hbl xopowo JHaTb npouecc flpOHJBOllCTBa. ycnOBHR pa60Tbl H HCnOJlbJyeMble MaTepHaJlbl. PeJyJlbTaTbl, no11yYeHHble npH HCnOJlbJOBaHHH HHllHBHllyanbHblX npo6ooT6opHH K OB, cyMMHpy~T llJlR onpeneneHHR reoMeTpHYeCKHX cpellHHX BeJlHYHH H CTaHnapTHblX reoMeTpH- YeCKHX OTKJlOHeHHH OT HHX, noc KOJlbKY ypOBHH BOJlleHCTBHR xopowo COOTBeTCTBy~T 11or - HopMaJ1bHOMy eepORTHOCTHOMy pacnpeneneHH~ . Ha OCHOBe pe J yJlbTaTOB HccnenoeaHHR BJRTblX npo6 MO:«HO paCCYHTaTb BO J lleHCTBHe Ha HaceneHHe. (TpaTerHR pa6oYeii JOHbl BO J lleHCTBHR HarnRnHa, 3<jxpeKTHBHa H noJBOJlReT no11yYHTb ece 6onee Hane:«Hble peJyJlbTaTbl C Ka:«llblM noeTopeHH- eM npo6 . Cywecrey~T. onHaKo, H npyrHe crpaTerHH oT6opa npo6 eoJ nyxa . l06 ABTOp non4epKHyn, 4TO MeTOflHKa OT6opa npo6 nocTaT04HO noporocTORWaR npouenypa H noTeHUHanbHO cnHWKOM HH.OpMaTHB- Ha, 4T06br ee ocywecTBnRTb 6eJ onpeneneHHOH cTpaTerHH . 107 CMEPTHOCTb H YACTOTA PAKA CPElH PA60YHX, JAIIHTblX B nPOHJBOllCTBE HMB ( no llAHHblM HCCJIELIOBAHHH MAHP) R. Saracci, L. Simonato, E.D. Acheson, A. Andersen, P.A. Bertazzi, J. Claude, N. Charnay, J. Esteve, R.R. Frentzel-Beyme, M.J. Gardner, O. Jensen, R. Maasing, J. Olsen, L. Teppo, P. Westerholm & C. Zocchetti HJyYaeMym peTpocneKTHBHym KoropTy COCTaBHnH pa60YHe 13 JaBOllOB HMB' OT06paHHblX LUlR nepBOHaYanbHOfO cnHCK a' K OTOpblH s K JIE'-!aJI 72 esponeiic K IIX JaBOLia, npHHanne:«awHx KOMnaHHRM - YJJeHaM EsponeiicKOH accouHaUHH $HpM-HJfOTOBH- Teneii H JOJJRUHOHHblX MaTepH aJJO B ( EUR IMA) H Me:«LiyHapOLIHOro KOMHTeTa HCKyCCTBeHHhlX II CH HTeTHYeCKHX BOnOKOH (CIRFS) . nocne npensapHTeJJbHOH oueHKH Ha OCHOBaHHH nonyYeHHhlX no ITO'ITe CBeLieHHH H peJynbTaTOB nocnenymwero OJHaKOMneHHR Ha MecTax c$opMynHposaHhl cnenymwHe KpHTepHH oT6opa: a) OTCyTCTBHe noTepRHHhlX HJI II HenoJJHOCTbE JanonHeHHhlX HHLIHBHLiyanbHhlX perHCTpauHOHHhlX KapT : o6waR KOropTa MO:«eT 6MTb onpeneneHa: 6) npoue cchl npoHJBOLICTBa HMB, coxpaHH- mwuecR no KpaiiHeH Mepe s TeYeHHe 20 neT; B) OTCyTCTBHe npenRTCTBHH K nonyYeHHE KaTaMHeCTHYeCKHX cseneHHH, Heo6xo- llHMblX LUlff aHanH Ja CMepTHOCTH H' ecJJH BOJMO:«HO' YaCTOTbl cnyYaee paKa ; r) OTCyTCTBHe B npownoM npoHJBOLICTBa ac6ecTOBhlX MaTepHanoe . OT06paHHb1e LUlH Hcc11enoeaHHH 13 Jaeonoe pacnono:«eHbl e 7 c TpaHax (llaHHH, HTaJJHH, HopeerHR, CoenHHeHHoe Koponee- cTeo. fHHnHHLIHH, tPr H WeeuHH), Torna KaK 72 Jaeona nepBoHaYaJJbHOro cnHcKa HaXOLlffTCH Ha TeppHTOpHH 15 CTpaH . Ha 12 Jaeonax HJ 13 ynanocb npoHJeecTH o6cnenoeaHHe OK py:«amlUeH cpellbl ( CHnaM II 6pH raLibl 3LIHH6yprc K oro HHCTHTyTa npoqieccH0HanbHb1x Ja60.~e Ba H11ii) , YT06b1 onpenenHTb cospeMeH- Hhle ypoBHH BOJLieH CT BHH BJBeweHHhlX B BO JLiyx e BOJIOKOH Ha pa JJJHYHble npo$eccHOHanbH ble rpynnbl ( npHJJO:«e HHe 7). Pa6oYero CYHTaJJH BK nm•1e HHblM B KOropTy C nepeoro LIHH HaHMa Ha OLIHH HJ 13 JaBOllOB. Ha'laBWHX BblnycK nponyKUHH e paJHoe epeMH . B npouecce tta6nmneHHH, ocywecTenHewerocH 108 no 31 neKa6pR 1977 r . . yYHThlBanH COCTORHHe JflOPOBbR, npHYHHY CMepTH H, no BOJMO*HOCTH, Ja6oneaaHHe paKOM Ha OCHOBaHHH COOTBeTCTBYIOWHX per~ c TpOB paKa. 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DnR rpynnHpOBKH no BOJpaCTy H Ka11eHL1apHOMy nepHOLlY HJ6paHbl nRTHneTHHe HHTepaanbl. ilnR pacYeTa BenHYHHbl YenoaeKo-neT pHcKa, O*HnaeMoro YHcna cnyYaea cMepTH (HnH O*HnaeMoro YHcna cnyYaee paKa) Ha OCHOBe COOTBeTCTBYIOWHX HaUHOHanbHhlX noKaJaTeneH H COOTHOWeHHH - CTaHaapTHJHpoBaHHoro K03<!><1>HUH - eHTa CMepTHOCTH ((KC) H CTaHnapTH J HpoBaHHOro K03<!><1>HUHeHTa Ja6oneeaeMOCTH (CK]) - Me*flY Ha6n10naeMhlMH H O*HllaeMhlMH cnyYaRMH CMepTH (HnH paKa) HCnOAbJOBanH MOflHtHUHpoBaHHYIO Ta6nHuy CMepTHOCTH. ilnR K a*LtOro pa6oYero paCCYHTblBancR HHLleKc KYMYARTHBHoro BOJLleHCTBHR nyTeM yMHO*eHHR eenHYHHbl cpenHeH KOHUeHTpaUHH BOAOKOH B TeYeHHe flHR (YHcno aonOKOH B I Mn) MR naHHOH np~eCCHOHanbHOH rpynnbl Ha nponon*H- TeAbHOCTb pa6oTbl e naHHOH rpynne H caenaHHblM HJnenHeM. BonoKHaMH CYHTanH YaCTHUbl, HMelOUIHe flnHHY 6onee S MKM H OTHOWeHHe LtnHHbl K LlHaMeTpy, paBHOe TpeM H 6onee; HX YHcno onpeaenRnH C nOMOWblO taJOBO-KOHTpaCTHOH onTHYeCKOH MHKpOCKOnHH. 06maR YHCneHHOCTb KoropTM COCTaBHna 25 146 YenoaeK, HJ KOTOpblX 3% BbmanH HJ nocneay10wero Ha6n10neHHR . CpenHRR nponon*HTenbHOCTb HaHMa COCTaBHna S neT; o6wee YHCAO YeoeeK-neT pHcKa npeehlcHno 300 000 . B npouecca attanHJa nonyYeHbl cneay~He OCHOBHble peJynbTaTbl: a) CyaR no KOHUeHTpaUHRM BJBeweHHblX B BOJayxe HMB npH coepeMeHHblX ycnOBHRX npoHJBOLlCTBa. KyMynRTHBHble ypOBHH BOJfleHCTBHR HX HHJKH (o6MYHO OT 0,1 LlO 1-2 BonoKHo-neT a I Mn). 6) He BhlRBneHo cymeCTBeHHhlX BHyTpH- H Me*JaBOflCKHX paJnHYHH B YHcne O*HLtaeMhlX H Ha6n10naeMhlX cnyYaee CMepTH OT onpeneneHHhlX npHYHH HnH paKa, KpOMe paKa nerKHX, no cpaeHeHHIO C TaKOBblMH MR HaceneHHR B uenoM; 109 B) HMeeTCR TeH/leHUIIR K BOJpacTaHHIO pHCKa paJBHTHR paKa nerKoro C y0en11YeHHeM npOHJBO/lCTBeHHOro CTa•a C MOMeHTa nepBoro HaHMa . 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HeKOTOp~e 3neMeHThl yKaJhlBalOT Ha BOJMO*HOCTb npHYHHHOH ponH KOHTaKTa C HMB : JlOKanHJaUHR (nerKHe) H BpeMR (HeCKOnbKO .lleCRTHneTHH cnycTR nocRe nep0oro /lHR HaifMa) cornacyKJTCR c O•1111aeM~MH napaMeTpaMH. 8 TO *e speMR .11pyr11e 3ReMeHThl He nO.llTBep*.llaKJT npHYHHHOH JaBHCHMOCTH paJBHTHR paKa OT BOJ.lleHCTBHR HMB: OTCyTCTBHe JaBHCHMOCTH OT KyMyJlRTHBHOH 3KCnOJHUHH, HeJaBHCHMOCTb HJ6blTO'lHOH CMepTHOCTH OT THna BOJ.lleHCTByKJwero areHTa (BaTa HJ CK aRbHblX nopo.11' CTeK JlRHHaR Ba Ta' HenpepbiBHOe BOROK HO)' ' HenocTORHCTBO HJ6blTO'lHOH Ja6oReBaeMOCTH paKOM RerKHX, 'lTO, O.llHa Ko, MO*eT 6b1Tb CBR JaHO co CRHW K OM MaRblM .llJlR onpe.11eRe- HHR Ja6onesaeMOCTH YHCROM cnyYaes (B OTRHYHe OT onpe.11eRe- HHR CMepTHOCTH), HeBOJMO*HOCTb yYeCTb HRH HCKRIO'lHTb BOJMO*- HYIO ponb npoqiecCHOHaJlbHblX H HenpoqieccHOHaRbHblX npHBXO.llRWHX <j>aKTOpOB. a HJ6~TO'lHaR CMepTHOCTb onpe.11eJ1RJ1aCb rnaBHhlM o6paJOM Ha JaBO/le O. CocTORHHe npoHJBO.llCTBeHHOH cpe.llbl Ha 3TOM Jasone oxapaKTepHJOBaHo xy*e Bcero, TaK KaK He onpeneneHhl KOHUeHTpaUHH BJBeweHHhlX B BOJ.llyxe BOJlOKOH . KpoMe Toro, Y*e nocne KOH<j>epeHUHH MAHP noRyYHno HOBYKJ HH<j>OpMaUHIO , CBH/leTenbCTBYIOWYIO O TOM, YTO Ha 3TOM JaBO/le KaKaR-TO YaCTb pa6o'lHX no110epra11acb BOJ/leHCTBHIO ac6ecTa, noKa He oxapaKTepHJOBaHHOMy HH KaYeCTBeHHO, HH KORH'leCTBeHHO. 110 TaOnttua 1. Cn~a.H cMepnt MY.&\01H OT paKa nen<oro nponosmHTeJ'IbHOCTh TPYllODOro CTaaa (ronw) Tttrl 3'1B0,Q 0-19 20-29 30+ Bcero BOnQKlla lfilOmo- 0•1V1<1e- llilC/l.,_ Q.a.H.,Oae- llilOmo- O•H.tliH~ HaOmo- OJrHJJ.Je- JluCMC>e Milll Cl<e .DilCMC>e """ eKe ,DcleMoe MaJI Cl<e .DiW ►l0e """ ere \fHC110 r:1eJ1H4H11a 4HCJ10 0el1J.1'01Ha 4HC110 BMU\fWta \fHCJ10 Dtnl-Nl1tlil CT~KJ\lltOla/1 8 27 24, 19 112 8 9, 18 87 2 0,97 206 37 34, 34 108 BaTa 0 1 3 , 30 30 2 2,37 84 2 1, 35 148 5 7,02 71 F 2 2, 73 73 0 1,29 0 0 0,16 0 2 4, 18 48 L 0 1,02 0 0 0,31 0 0 0,09 0 0 1,42 0 8cJTa li3 C 11 16, 76a 66 5 2, 74 182 2 0 , 89 225 18 20 ,39 88 CKilJlLHIIIX G 3 2,63 114 0 0,58 0 0 0, 0 2 0 3 3, 23 93 nope.a II 3 0 , 62 484 2 0, 33 606 0 0,20 0 5 1. 15 435 [ 0 0,58 0 0 0,10 0 0 0 ,04 0 0 0,72 0 K 2 !, OJ 194 0 0,49 0 0 1, 19 0 2 2, 71 74 M 2 1,82 110 1 1, 18 85 3 0 , 76 395 6 3, 76 160 uu 6 6,38 94 4 4,26 94 6 2,58 233 16 13,22 121 !lcnpep, 1nt1oe J 5 J, 98 12G 0 0,42 0 0 0,11 0 5 4,51 111 B0110K lt0 N" (j 3,97 151 2 1, 51 132 2 0 ,51 392 10 5,99 167 llcero 68 69, 01 98 24 24, 76 97 17 8,87 192 109 10 2,64 106 a o.a~ttt 3ap,crHCTPHfX)BaHln.4""1 K TOMY •e cny1.1afi Me30Te.JTHOMW He BKJ1Xl4~H. 0 CM. CHOCKY B Tt!KCTe OTHOCHTe.rtbHO HMenwerOCJI B npa:a.nmc B03.D~CTBHR aCOecTa. 8 Do 1962 r. np011300.minacb npcUMYbJeC"rBeH110 creKJ111HJ1an BaTa, 3areN ee ewnycK npeJ<P,ameH. TaKIIM o6paJOM. pe Jyfl bT a Tbl 3TOfO COBMeCTHOfO HCCJlellO- BaHHR - nepeoro 8 o6JiaCTH 3 n1111eMHOJIOfHH npo<jleccHOHaJlbHblX J a 6oJieBaHHH. BblnOJIHeHHOfO e CTOJlb WHpOKOM Me llt.llyHapOllHOM MacwTa6e, noKa He yKaJblBalOT npRMO Ha CBRJaHHble C nponyK- UHeH HMB }:'CJIOBHR cpellbl ( H BOJIO K Ha, 8 YaCTHOCTH) K aK Ha npH'IHHY BblRBJleHHOfO H J6blTO'IHOfO YHCJia CJiyYaee pa Ka Jier K HX, HOB TO *e BpeMR OHH no11Teep*1Ia10T HeOTflO*HYIO He06XOllHMOCTb B~RCHeHHR npHYHHH~X taKTOpOB. 112 npHJJO)l(eHHe 18 CMEPTHOCTb CPEDH PA60'-IHX. JAH51ThlX B nPOHJBOJlCTBE HMB P.E. Enterline & G.M. Marsh HneHrn«j,HUHpOBaHbl 16 7 30 pa60'fHX . K OTOpble no 1964 r . npoHJBOllHJJH CTeKJJffHHy~ H MHHepaJJbHY~ BaTy HJJH 6MJJH JaHffThl Ha 3KcnnyaTaUHH o6opynoeaHHff Ha 17 Jaeonax e CffiA. npH'lHHbl HX CMepnt npocJJelKeHbl no 1977 r . CpellH 14 884 pa60'fHX JaBOllOB CTeKJJOBOJJOKHHCThlX MaTepHaJJOB o6waff CMepTHOCTb oKaJanacb Ha 3,8% HH)l(e OlKHnaeMoH, Torna KaK cpenH Mettee MHOfO'fHCJJeHHOH (1846 'feJJOBeK) KoropThl pa6o'-!HX Jaeonoe MHHepaJJbHOH eaTbl - Ha 6. 6% BblWe O)l(HnaeMOH. TwaTeJJbHOMY aHaJJHJy noneeprHyThl nee npH'lHHhl CMepTH : paK H npyrHe Ja6oneeaHHff oprattoe llblxaHHR . JlnR K a)l(noro pa6o'fero BOCCTaHOBJJeHa KapTHHa BOJlleHCTBHff BOJJOKOH, KOTopaff 6hlJJa COOTHeceHa c noKaJaTeJJffMH CMepTHOCTH. KoHUeHTpaUHH BOJJOKOH 6hlJJH HHJKHMH no cpaeHeHH~ c npellJJO)l(eHHblMH HaUHOHaJJbHblM HHCTHTYTOM npo«j,eccHOHaJJbHOH 6eJonacHOCTH H JnpaeooxpaHeHHR cTaH11apTaMH, orpaHH'fHBa- ~WHMH ypoeeHb BOJlleHCTBHff BOJJOKOH JlHaMeTpOM MeHee 3,5 MKM KOHUeHTpauHeH 3 BOJJOKHa/MJJ BOJJlyxa . YpoBHH BOJlleHCTBHff Ha Jaeo11ax MHHepaJJbHOH eaTbl 6blJJH nO'fTH e IO pal BblWe. 'feM Ha Jaeo11ax cTeKJJffHHoro eonoKHa . 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Ha JaB011ax CTeKnHHHoro BOnOKHa CK( COCTaBHn 130,4, a Ha JaB011ax MHHepan hHOH BaTM - 172,7 . npw yYeTe H 11pyroro noKaJaTenH BOJlle HCTBHH (no npo11on*HTenhHOCTH) JHaYHMOCTb yKaJaHHOro HJ6blTKa TaK KaK 3KCnOJHUHeH H CK( OT paKa opraHOB llMXaHHH He BMHBneHO npHMOH CBRJH. npw aHanHJe JaBHCHMOCTH Me*llY CK( OT paKa opraHOB llblXaHHR H ypOBHRMH 3 KCnOJHUHH HMB HH B OllHOM cnyYae He BMHBneHO y6e11HTenhHOH nonO*HTenhHOH KOppenRUHH. 3aperncTpHpoBaHO 150 cnyYaeB CMepTH OT onyxoneBblX Ja6oneBaHHH opraHOB llblXaHHR . He CYHTaR rpwnna H nHeBMOHHH ((KC = 132, I) . }To CTarncrnYeCKH llOCTOBepHblH HJ6blTOK . Ha JaB011ax CTeKnRHHOro BOnOKHa CK( COCTaBHn 129,6 (CTaTHCTH- YeCKH llOCTOBepHoe noBMWeHHe), a Ha JaB011ax MHHepanbHOH BaTbl CK( - 149,5 . 011HaKO peJyn hTaTbl aHanHJa JaBHCHMOCTH CK( 11.Jlff HeonyxoneBblX Ja6oneBaHHH opraHOB llblXaHHR ( HCKnioYaR rpwnn H nHeBMOHHIO) OT BpeMeHH, npoweawero C MOMeHTa nepsoro llHR HaHMa , HOT npo11on*HTenbHOCTH Tpy11oeoro cTa*a He no11Teep11HnH npeanono*eHHe o CBRJH 3THx Ja6oneeaHHH c BOJlleHCTBHeM HMB . HH B OllHOM cnyYae He nonyYeHO BblCOKOH nonO*HTenbHOH KoppenRUHH Me*llY CMepTHOCTblO OT yKaJaHHMX Ja6oneeaHHH H ypoBHeM BOJlleHCTBHR HMB Ha pa6oYHx MecTax . npoee11eHo cneuwanhHoe wccneaoeaHHe pa6oYHx, KOHTaKTH- pyiowwx C BOnOKHaMH Manoro llHaMeTpa; He BMRBneHO CBRJH paJBHTHR paKa opraHoB llblXaHHR c BOJlleHcTBHeM HMB . 'ho KacaeTcR cnyYaee 11pyrwx Ja6oneeaHHH opraHoB llMXaHHR e rpynne nHU, KOHTaKTHpoBaBWHX c HMB, HX OKaJanocb 6onbwe O*HllaeMoro, HO ManOYHcneHHOCTb Ha6nio11eHHH He noJeonReT caenaTb KaKHX - nH6o onpe11eneHHMX BMBOllOB. TaKHM o6paJOM, BMnonHeHHoe wccneaoeaHHe He nano YeTKHX yKaJaHHH Ha CBRJaHHYIO C HMB onacHOCTb nopa*eHHR opraHOB llblXaHHR y pa60<JHX , JaHRTblX B HX npOHJBO.llCTBe . 114 npHJlOlKeHHe 19 CMEPTHOCTb CPEnH PA60'HIX . JAHSfTblX B nPOHJBOnCTBE CTEKflHHHoro BOflOKHA R.W. Morgan, S.D. Kaplan & J.A. Bratsberg PacwHpRIOllleecff npHMeHeHHe CTeKJlOBOJlOKHHCTOro HJOJlff- UHOHHOro MaTepHaJla yCHJlHJlO OJa6o4eHHOCTb era BOJMOlKHhlM BJlHffHHeM Ha JnopOBbe, oco6eHHO HHra11HpOBaHHhlX BOJlOKOH . HJy4aff 3TOT sonpoc, $HpMa Owens-Corning Fiberglas (OCF) npennpHHffJla HJy4eHHe CMepTHOCTH c peaH pa604HX , JaHffThlX B Te4eHHe 10 JleT H 6011ee B npOH J BOacTBe CTeKJlffHHOro BOJIOKHa. 8hl6pattttaff peTpocneKTHBHO KoropTa BKJ1~4a11a scex MYlK4HH, JaHffTblX B npOHJBOaCTBe CTeKJlffHHoro BOJlOKHa He Mettee 10 JleT H 4HCJ1HBWHXCff Ha pa6oTe B nepHoa C I ffHBapff 1968 r . no 31 neKa6pff 1977 r . Ha OCHOBaHHH npoCMOTpa JlH4HblX ne11 COCTaBJleHa CTporo onpeneJleHHaff KoropTa . BbinOJl- HffeMble BHnbl pa60Tbl paJneJlHJlH Ha aeBffTb K aTeropHH B COOT- BeTCTBHH co CTeneHb~ BOJaeHCTBHff BOJlOKHa . noc11e CKpHHHHra H K onHpOBaHHff npoHJBOncTBeHHblX npoueccoB K oropTa BK J1~4aJla 4399 MylK4HH, OTaaBWHX pa6oTe OKOJlO 32 000 4eJlOBeKo-JleT . nattHble O HaHMe H CMepTHOCTH aHaJlHJHpoBaJlH nyTeM pac4eTa CTattnapTHJOBaHHOro K03$$HUHeHTa CMepTHOCTH C HcnoJlbJO- BaHHeM MOnH$HUHpOBaHHOH nporpaMMhl Monson•. HJ 4]99 My)l(4HH yMepJlH 294; B 288 CJ1y4affx HaHneHbl CBHneTeJlbCTBa O CMepTH . Yna11ocb noaTBepaHTb )l(HJHeHHblH CTaTyc 98,1%J1HU, BKJ1~4eHHblX B KOropTy . Bo sceii KoropTe aocTosepHo CHH)l(eHHbIMH 0KaJa11Hcb CKC nJlff: - Bcex npH4HH CMepTH, BJffThlX BMecTe; a Monson, R.R. Analysis of relative survival and proportional mortality. Computers and biomedical research, 7: 325-332 (1974). 115 - acex "aHeWHHX" npH'lHH CMepTH; - acex Hec'!aCTHblX cny'laea; - aopo•Ho-TpaHcnopTHblX npoHcwecTBHH; - caMoy6HHCTB. HH OllHH HJ CK( He 6b1n llOCTOBepHO nOBblWeHHblM. B uenoM HHJKHe (KC THnH'lHbl llnR nonynHUHH pa6oTalOWHX. npoaHanHJHpoaaHa TaK•e cMepTHOCTb cpe11H nHu, noaaep- raawHxcH BOJlleHCTBHIO HMB 8 Te'leHHe He MeHee 20 neT H Ha6nioaaBWHXCH Ha npOTH•eHHH JO neT, nocKOnbKY HMeHHO 3Ta rpynna, no-BHllHMOMY , HCnblT ana Ma K CHManbHOe He6naronpHHTHOe anHHHHe ( K aK HM 6bl OHO HH 6b1no). cnoco6Hoe npHBeCTH K CMepTH cnycTH llnHTenbHblH naTeHTHblH nepHOll. Ja peaKHMH HCKnlO'leHHHMH, noKaJaTenH CMepTHOCTH 8 3TOH KoropTe Mano OTnH'lanHCb OT TaKOBblX llnR aceH KOropTbl. npH HccneaoaaHHH CMepTHOCTH ecTb onaceHHH, '!TO cnHWKOM Manoe '!Hcno cny'laea CMepTH OT TOH HnH HHOH cneuHtH'leCKOH npH'lHHbl nonycKaeT BOJMO*HOCTb cny'laHHoro nponycKa nOBblWeHHoro pHCKa . no3TOMy 8 onHCblBaeMOM HccneaoaaHHH cMepTHOCTH cpe11H pa6o'!HX npoaeneH aHanHJ CTeneHH llOCTOBepHOCTH, y6ellHTenbHO HCKnlO'lHBWHH cywecTBeHHOe nOBblWeHHe Hey'lTeHHOro pHCKa CMepTH npH nonpaaKe Ha cny'laHHOCTb. AHanHJ noKaJaTeneA, OTHOCHWHXCH K cy6KoropTe pa6o'!HX, llnHTenbHO noaaepraBWHXCH BOJlleHCTBHIO CTeKnHHHOro aonOKHa, He BblHBHn JHa'lHTenbHOro no~blWeHHH CMepTHOCTH no cpaaHeHHIO c o•HaaeMOH. npHpoaa HayKH TaKOBa, '!TO llOKaJaTb 6eJonac- HOCTb HeHJMepHMO Tpy11Hee, 'leM pHCK . OcTopo•HoCTb Tpe6yeT He ocna6nRTb 6aHTenbHOCTb a KOHTpone Ja JllOPOBbeM pa6oTa- lOWHX. 116 npH,~Oll<eHHe 20 CMEPTHOCTb CPEDH PA60~HX nPOH]BODCTBA CTEKAHHHOro BOAOKHA H. Shannon, M. Hayes, J. Julian & D. Muir Ha KaHaLICKOM JaBone , npoHJBOLIRllieM CTeK JlOBOJlOKHHCTYKl HJOJlRUHOHHYKl BaTy, npennpHHRTO npocneKTHBHOe HCCJleLIOBaHHe CMepTHOCTH no naHHblM perHCTpaUHOHHblX K apT . AHaJlH Jy nonseprHyTa H o6rnaR KapTHHa CMepTHOCTH, HO oco6oe BHHMaHHe cocpeLIOTOYeHO Ha paKe nerKHX H ll<eJlyLIOYHO-KHWeYHOro rpaKTa ( BKJlKlYaR MeJoTenHoMy), a ra K ll<e Ha Heonyxo11esb1x Ja6onesa- HHRX opraHOB LlblXaHHR. 6pHrana HCCJleLIOBaTeJleH nocbl11a11a coo6llieHHR B KOMHCCHKl no Bblpa60TKe pernaMeHTa, B COCTaBe KOTOpOH nopOBHy npencTaBJleHbl pa6oTaKllliHe H aLIMHHHCTpaUHR, a TaKll<e HMeeTCR OLIHH npencraBHTeJlb MHHHCTepCTBa Tpyna OttrapHO . KOMHCCHKl .HHaHCHpyeT Fiberglas Canada. Jason BBeLieH s neHCTBHe s 1948 r . B TO BpeMR Ha HeM pa6orano scero oKono 200 YenoseK, a B HacTORlliee speMR JaBOLI HaCYHTblBaeT 500 pa6oTaKllliHX . AHYHble nena s nepBble fOLlbl pa60Tbl Jasona 6blJIH HenoJ1HblMH' n03TOMy nepHOLl Hccneno- BaHHR orpaHHYeH I RHBapR 1955 r . - JI neKa6pR 1977 r . Koropry COCTaBHJlH 2576 Myll<YHH, npopa6oTaBWHX Ha 3TOM JaBOLie Ja yKaJaHHblH nepHOLI He Mettee 90 LIHeH H HLieHTH.HUH- poBaHHblX Ha OCHOBaHHH yYeTHblX Kapr. PenpeJeHTaTHBHOCTb KoropTbl nposepeHa no HeCKOJlbKHM HCTOYHHKaM. HaYano nepHOLia HJyYeHHR naTHpyeTCR 1955 r . , OLIHaKO 363 Myll<YHHbl nonsepranHCb BOJLieHCTBHKl CTeKJlRHHOro BOJlOKHa H LIO 3Toro . PeTpocneKTHBHblX naHHblX 06 3KCnOJHUHH Ja HJyYaeMhlH nepHOLl HeT. B npo6ax BOJLiyxa, BJ RTblX s 1978 H 1979 rr. H HCCJleLIOBaHHblX C noMOllibKl MeTOLia onTHYeCKOH MHKpOCKOnHH' YHCJlO BOJlOKOH peLIKO npeBhlWano 0,2 s I MJl , a c peLIHRR KOHUeHTpaUHR B 60JlbWHHCTBe npmfJBOLlCTBeHHblX JOH 6h1J1a HHll<e 0,1 BOJlOKOH B 1 MJl . 117 Ha OCHOBaHHH yYeTHMX KapT KoropTy paJnenHnH Ha TPH nonrpynnbl B COOTBeTCTBHH C KaTeropHeH BOJneHCTBHR: I. BoJneHCTBHe TOnbKO Ha Jasone (2239 YenoseK). 2. BoJneHCTBHe TOnbKO s KOHTOpe (234 YenoseKa) . 3. (MeWaHHOe BOJneHCTBHe s KOHTOpe H Ha Jasone ( 103 YenoseKa) . DaHHMe O KypeHHH OTCYTCTBOBanH, a HHtopMaUHR O npyrHx JaHRTHRX HenonHaR. KoropTa npocne*eHa no I RHBapR 1978 r . K MOMeHTy HaYana HccnenosaHHR o 1900 MY*YHHax HJ 2576, BKnmYeHHMX s KoropTy. HHYero He 6b1no HJBecTHO . nocnenywwee Ha6nwneHHe ocywecTBnRnocb spyYHYW C HCnOnbJOBaHHeM paJHMX HCTOYHHKOB. HJ-non Ha6nwneHHR BMnanH 74 YenoseKa, YTO naeT noKaJaTenb Ha6nwneHHR, paBHMH 97.2%. HJ COCTaBHBWHX KoropTy yMepno 88 YenoseK, s 87 cnyYaRx HaineHM ynocTo- sepeHHR O CMepTH. OaHH OCTaBWHHCR c~yYai Ha OCHOBaHHH KOCBeHHMX naHHMX pacueHeH KaK cnyYaH CMepTH OT HWeMHYeCKOH 6oneJHH cepnua. H 3TOT nHarHoJ npHseneH s peJynbTaTax . npH nepBHYHOH o6pa 60TKe naHHMX npHMeHeHM CTaHnapTHaR MOHH.HUHposaHHaR Ta6nHua CMepTHOCTH H KOMnbmTepHMH nporpaMMHposaHHMH aHanHJ . BoJpacT yMepWHX H CMepTHOCTb Ja onpeneneHHble K aneHnapHble nepHOnbl cpaBHHBanH C aHanorHYHblMH noKaJaTenRMH anR MY*CKOH-nonynRUHH npOBHHUHH 0HTapHO . npHseneHbl HenpRMble noKaJaTenH H pacCYHTaHbl CTaHnapTHJOBaH- Hble K 03cjxj>HUHeHTbl CMepTHOCTH (CK() . npHMeHeHM CTaTHCTHYeCKHe TeCTM Ha nocTOBepHOCTb C ypOBHeM a= 0,05 a o6e CTOpOHbl. EcnH O*HnaeMoe YHcno cnyYaes CMepTH 6bUIO MeHbWe Tpex, HcnonbJOBanH KyMynRTHBHOe pacnpeneneHHe nyaccoHa, s npyrHx cnyYaRx - npH6nH*eHHe K ttopManbttOMy pacnpenenettHm. Bcero yMepno 88 YenoseK npH 117,3 O*HnaeMMX (P = 0,02), H HH anR onttoH HJ KaTeropHi Me*nyttaponttoH KnaccHtHKaUHH 6oneJHei He BMRBnetto CTaTHCTHYeCKH nocTosepttoro noBblWeHHR CMepTHOCTH s o6weH KOropTe . 118 npH paJlleJlbHOM aHaJIHJe Tpex yKaJaHHblX BblWe rpynn. paJJIHYa~WHXCR no 3KCnOJHUHH, JIHWb OllHH CK( OKaJaJICR llOCTOBepHO OTKJIOHR~WHMCR, a HMeHHO cpenH pa6oTa~WHX HCKJl~YHTeJlbHO Ha Jaaone OT He CYa CT HMX CllyYaeB H B peJyllbTaTe caMoy6HHCTBa CK( 6MJI llOCTOBepHO HH J KHM (58). qHCJIO CllyYaeB CMepTH OT HeonyxolleBMX Ja6011eBaHHH opraHOB llblXaHHR H paKa :«ellyllOYHO-KHWeYHOro TpaKTa npHMepHO coana11O c o:«HnaeMhtM . CpenH JaHRTblX TOJlb KO Ha Jaaone BblR BlleHO 7 CJlyYaeB CMepTH OT paKa 11erKHX npoTHB 4 ,22 O:«HnaeMblX . noabtWeHHe CKC, paBHoro 166, He 6hlJIO llOCTOBepHblM . furn pa6oTa~WHX TOJlbKO B KOHTOpe CK( COCTaBHJI 560, HO 3TO acero JIHWb 2 CJlyYaR, H HJ6btTOK HellOCTOBepeH . C11yYaeB MeJoTeJIHOMbl He BMRBJleHo, OllHaKo Jan11aHHpOBaHHOe yr11y611eHHOe paccJlellOBaHHe H nOHCK 60JlbHHYHOH llOKyMeHT3UHH ewe He JaaepweHbl. 119 PAK OPr AHOB llhlXAHHH Y CTPOHTEJlbHhlX PA60'1HX UIBEUHH , nOllBEPrABWHXCH BOJllEHCTBH~ HMB A. Englund, G. Engholm, N. Hallin & G. v. Schmalensee luiR oueHKH BO J MO*HOH accouHaUHH Me*nY qacTOTOH c11yqaee pa Ka oprattoe nb1xaHHH H eo J neHCTBHeM HMB npennpHHffTO HccnenoeaHHe 60JlbWOH rpynnM CTpOHTeJlbHMX pa6oqHx UleeuHH. }Ty pa6oTy $HHaHcHpoea11H UleencKHH $oHn y11yqweHHff npOH J BoncTBeHHMX y CJlOBHH H UleencKHH COBeT no HCCJle noeaHHffM e o6nac TH CTpOHTellbCTBa . B paMKax o6weH MenHUHHCKOH nporpaMMM Bygghilsan (yqpe*neHHe CTpOH- TeJlbHOH npOMblWJleHHOCTH no HanJopy Ja npoHJBoncTBeHHblMH ycllOBHffMH, 6e J onacHOCTb~ Tpyna H COCTOffHHeM JnopOBbff) Me*nY 1971 H 1974 r . o6cnenoeaHbl 135 027 pa6oqHx . yqHTMBaJlH no onHcaHHffM HMeeweecff B npoWJlOM BOJneHCTBHe HMB H a c 6ecTa H KOHTaKT c HHMH e HaCTOHWee epeMH. a TaK*e naHHMe O KypeHHH H MeCTe *HTeJlbCTBa . nyTeM conocTaBlleHHff 3THX naHHMX co c eeneHHffMH HaUHOHaJlbHOro perHcTpa paKa Ha neKa6pb 1981 r . ynanocb npocnenHTb Ja6011eeaeMOCTb paKoM e 3TOH KoropTe qacTHqHo BnllOTb no 1979 r . K KOHUY neKa6pH 1978 r . e 3TOH rpynne J aperHcTpHpoeaHo 28b c11yqaee paKa opraHOB nblXaHHff . O*HnaeMoe Ha OCHOBaHHH HaUHOHaJlbHblX noKaJaTeJleH qHCJlO COCTaBHJlO 289,9 . Bcero BblffBlleHo 326 c11yqaee paK a nblXaTellbHblX nyTeH. 320 HJ HHX HCnOJlbJOBaHM e KOHTponHpyeMOM HccnenoeaHHH no MeTony "cnyqaA - KOHTpOllb". KoHTpOllb nllff Ka*noro c11yqaff Ja6011eeaHHH non6HpanH HJ qHcna npyrHx 06c11enoeaHHMx CTpOHTeJlbHblX pa6oqHx e COOTBeTCTBHH c BOJpaCTOM H naTOH nepeoro 06c11enoeaHHH BblJKHBWHX e rpynne Ja6oneewHx paKOM. KoHTpOllbHaff rpynna HacqHTMeana 1290 qe11oeeK. npH aHallHJe npHMeHeHa JlOfHCTHqecKaff perpeCCHff, npHHHMa~waH BO BHHMaHHe napHy~ non6opKy ; e KaqecTBe BOJMO*HMX npHBxonHWHX $aKTopoe yqHTMBaJlH KypeHHe H MeCTO *HTellbCTBa. 120 06wee YHCAO cAyYae s Ja6onesa HHR H KOHTpOAbH~x cAy YaeB COCTaBHAO 1610 , HJ HHX TOAbKO LIAR 27 6blAH xapaKTepHbl OYeHb BblCOK He ypoBHH BO JLleHCT BHR HMB H LinR 11 - OYeHb BblCOK He ypOBHH BOJLieHCTBHR ac6ecTa . YpoBHH BOJLieH CT BHR HMB H ac6ecTa TecHo KoppeAHpoBaAH npyr c npyroM . 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CTeKJlRHHMe, BOJlOKHa HJ CKaJlb HMX nopoll H 6aJaJ1bTa) . xpHJO- THJlOBble H K pOUHLlOJlHTOBble BOJIOK Ha . 11MB CHJlbHO OT JlH'lalOTCR Llpyr OT apyra no XHMH'leCKOMY COCTaBy (WeJlO'lHOCTb, coaep:+:a- HHe weJlO'lHOJeMeJlbHblX MeTaJ1J10B, :+:eJleJa, 6opa, aJllOMHHHR) . PacTBOP Gamble - nceBL10BHeKJ1eTO'lHaR :+:HLlKOCTb, no COCTaBy aHaJlOfH'lHaR Mope KOH BOLle. OK a JaJlCR MOWHblM pacTBOpHTeJleM. OnblTbl C pacTBopeHHeM npoBOLlHJlH npH TeMnepaType 37° H 60°(. flpH 60°( KOppOJHR npOHCXOLlHJla 6MCTpee. HO KaK He:+:eJ1aTeJ1bHblH no60'lHblH 3cjxj)eKT OTMe'laJlOCb oca:+:aeHHe K ap6oHaTOB weJ10'lHOJeMeJ1bHblX MeTaJlJlOB . PacTBopeHHe CTeKJla H MHHepaJlOB - CJlO:+:HMH npouecc . flOJlHOe pacTBopeHHe He06XOLlHMO OTJlH'laTb OT 'laCTH'lHoro (roMoreHHoe H reTeporeHHoe pacTsopeHHe, BMwena'lHBaHHe H o6paJOBaHHe nJlOTHoro, KOJ1J10HLlHOfO CJlOR). HanpHMep, Ha'laJlbHaR CKOpOCTb pacTBopeHHR 6apHR BMCOKaR (pacTBOp Gamble He coae p:+:HT 6apHR). HO no Mepe YLlJlHHeHHR 3KCnOJHUHH OHa naaaeT, H B KOHUe KOHUOB paCTBOpeHHe npeKpawaeTcR HJ-Ja BbmaaeHHR B ocaaoK BaSC'4 . 3To OJHa'laeT. 'lTO Ha rpa.HKe JaBHCHMOCTH KOHUeHTpaUHH OT speMeHH pacTBOpeHHMH 6apHH 60J1bWe He noRBJlReTCR, XOTR pacTBopeHHe BOJlOKHa He npeKpaTHJlOCb. EcnH 3KcnepHMeHT npOLlJlHTb, TO KOHUeHTpaUHR 6apHR HeCKOJlbKO nOBblWaeTCR B CBRJH C TeM, 'lTO npH pacTBOpeHHH CTeKJla B 3TOH :+:HLlKOCTH nocneLIHRR nocTeneHHO noawena'lH BaeTcR . nposeaeHM cneayiow11e 3KcnepHMeHTM: pacTsopeHHe HaBeCKH H eLIHHH'lHMX BOJlOKOH B CTaUHOHapHMX YCJlOBHRX npH BCTpRXHBaHHH I pal B LleHb, nocT ORHHOM nepeMeWHBaHHH H B npoTO'lHOH CHCTeMe. MaKCHMaJlbHMH nepHOLl 3KCnOJHUHH BapbHpOBaJlCR OT 20 LIO 26 HeL1eJ1b . BnHRHHe pacTBopeHHR 11 KoppoJHH oueHHBaJlH TaK:+:e nocJle 1-2-'laCOBOH 3KCnOJHUHH. 136 PaHee npoBeL1eHHble HCC.1ellOBaHHfl noKaJaJm, 'lTO 8 Te'leHHe HeCKOJlbKHX HelleAb C noeepxHOCTH cnnowHoro H ByJJKa HH'leCKOro CTeKJJa yL1aJ1fleTCfl CJIOH TOJIWHHOH 8 HeCKOJlbKO MHKpoMeTpoe ; 8 CJJy'lae 6aJaJlbTOBOro CTeKJJa Ha 3TO YXOLlHT 6 Me CHUeB . Cyllfl no LlaHHblM CK aHHpyioweH 3Jle K TpOHI-IOH MHK poc K onHH, noeepxHOCTb CTeKJlf!HH~X BOJIOKOH 8 OTAH'lHe OT ac6ecTOBhlX nOL1BepraeTCfl TpaBJJeHHIO H KOppoJHII . npH LlAHTeJlbHOH 3KCnOJHUHH o6paJylO- Waf!Cfl KOJIJIOHLlHafl o60JJO'lKa 6hlCTpO yL1anfleTCfl, o6Ha*afl CBe*HH CTep*eHb BOJIOKHa, LlOCTynHhlH LleHCTBHIO pacTeopa. AHaJJHJ XHMH'leCKHX 3JleMeHTOB 8 paCTBOpe noKaJaJJ, 'lTO nocne nepeo- Ha'laJlbHOro BblilleJJa'lHBaHHfl CTeKJlf!HHble BOJIOKHa noJJHOCTblO pacTBOpfllOTCfl. (KopocTb pacTBOpeHHfl npH TeMnepaType 37° ( COCTaBJlf!Jlfl 10 HrlcM l/ y H 60JlbWe, n03TOMy 8 OTKpblTblX npoTO'lHhlX CHCTeMaX oco6eHHO TOHKHe BOJIOKHa noJJHOCT blO paCTBOpfllOTCfl Y*e YepeJ 1-2 'laca . XpHJOTHJI OTL1aeT 6oJJbWOe K OJIH'leCTBO MarHHfl' K pOUHLlOJIHT - He K OTOpoe K OJIWleCTBO HaTpHfl, HO BOJIOKHa OCTalOTCfl TBepLiblMH. non 3JleKTpOHHblM MHKpOCKOnOM Ha noeepxHOCTH TaKHX BOJIOKOH npH J HaKOB KOppo- JHH He BHLlHO . KpHCTaJlJIH'leCKafl peweTKa ac6ecTa OCTaeTCfl HHTaKTHOH. OLlHO TOJICTOe ac6ecTOBOe BOJIOKHO pacwenJJfleTCfl Ha ny'lOK YpeJBbl'laHHO TOHKHX BOJlOKOHeU LIHaMeTpOM 0 , I MKM H MeHbWe . 3K cnepHMeHTaJlbHble ycJIOBHfl noJBOJlf!JIH aHaJJH JHpoeaT b noeeneHHe BOAOKOI-I, HMelOWHX LillaMeTp 3-40 MKM. YcTaHOBJleHO, 'lTO LIHaMeTp BOJIOKHa yMeHbWaeT Cfl e*eMeCfl'lHO Ha HeCKOJlbKO MHKpoMeTpOB , a TOHKHe BOJIOKHa HC'leJalOT . BTopH'lHO HCCJlellO- BaTb BOJIOKHa noll 3JleKTpOHHhlM HJIH CBeTOBhlM MHKpOCKOnOM HeBOJMO*HO . He yL1aeTCfl TaK*e npocJJeLIHTb Ja HC'le J HOBeHHeM BOJIOKOH. ELIHHCTBeHHOe, 'lTO OCTaeTCfl Ha MHKponopOBOM .HJlbTpe nocne pacTOBpeHHfl 6a JaJlbTO BhlX BOJlOKOH - MeJIKHe Kp11CT3J1Jlbl MarHeTHTa. (TeKJlf!HHble BOJIOKHa HC'leJalOT 6hlCTpee' He OCTaBJlflfl HHKaKHX CJlellOB. no aHanorHH MO*HO LlYM3Tb, 'lTO BOJIOKHa LIHaMeTpOM MeHbWe I, 5 MKM ( BOJIOKHa (TeHTOHa) 6blCTpee noneepralOTCfl KOppoJHH H HC'leJalOT nocne MeHee npOLIOJl*HTeJlbHOH 3K cnoJHUHH , 'leM onHcaHHble BblWe . npoeeneHHble cpaBHHTeJlbHble 3 K cnepHMeHTbl nponeMOHCTpH- poBaJJH npHHUHnHaJlbHOe OT JlH'lHe Me*LIY CTe KJl f!HHblMH CH.~H K aTHbl- MH HMB H KpHCT3JIJIH'leCKHMH ac6eCTOBhlMH BOJlOKHaMH (xpHJOTH- JIOBblMH H K pOUHLIOJlHTOBblMH) . 137 nOBEnEHHE HMB B HCKYCCTBEHHOH <l>HJHOJIOrH"¾ECKOH !HllKOCTH H BOllE R. Klingholz & B. Steinkopf HccneaoeattHR , B~nontteHH~e Pott & Friedrichs•, a TaKlke Stanton & Wrench 6 • CB RJ anH o6paJOBaHHe y KpblC MeJOTenHOM non BAHRHHeM TOH K HX H MHHHblX HMB. BBeaeHHblX BHTypHnneepan bHO HAH BHyTpH6pmWHHHO, c reoMeTpHeH BOAOKOH . HecOOTBeT CT BHe Me:«ay HJ Be CT HblM naToreHHblM BAHRHHeM npo<j>ec- CHOHaflbHOro BOJLleHCTBHR ac6ecTa. C 04HOH CTOpOHbl, H OTpH- uaTenbHblMH peJynhTaTaMH 3 nH LleMHOnorH'leCKOH oueHKH BflHRHHR HMB - C npyroH, CBHaeTeflbCTBymT O TOM, '!TO aeno He TOflbKO B reoMeTpHH BOflOKOH. OLIHHM HJ nononHHTenbH~X taKTOpOB MoryT cnylkHTb noeepxHOCTHble CBOHCTBa aMoptHblX HMB. llnR npoeepK H 3Toro npenno:«eHHR HJy'leHO BnHRHHe BO4HblX pacTBopoe npH TeMnepaType 37°( Ha YeT~pe o6paJua e~nyc- K aeMOH npOMblWneHHOCT bm MHHepanoeon K HHCTOH H JOflRUHOHHOH BaTbl, He cone plkaWeH CBRJymWHX BewecTB, He paccopTHpo- BaHHOH no pa J Mepy K RBnRmweHCR npoayKTOM ofi~'lH~X npOHJBOa- CTBeHHblX npoueccoB . 8 4HCTHnnHpoBaHHOH Bone BOflOKHa npaKTH'leCKH He HJMeHRflHCb, HO npH noMeWeHHH B HCKYCCTBeH- Hym tHJHOnorH'le CKym lkH4KOCTb (npOHJBOaHaR OT lkH4KOCTH Gamble) Hc n~T~BanH JHa'lHTenbHO 6onee OT'leTnHBOe BnHRHHe . HJ pacTBopa Gamble yaanRnH opraHH'leCKHH KOMnoHeHT; nony'leHH~H paCT BOp . HanOMHH amWHH paJ6aeneHHy~ MOpcKym eoay, cnoco6eH 6ytepHpoeaTb KaK KHCnb1e, TaK H a Pott, F. & Friedrichs, K.H. Tumoren der Ratte nach intrapleuraler Injektion faserformiger Staube. Naturwissenschaften, 59: 318 (1972). 6 Stanton, M.F. & Wrenc h, C. Mechanisms of mesothelioma induction with asbestos and fibrous glass. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 48: 797-821 (1972). 138 wenoYHble BeWeCTBa. K YllHBneHH~. npH noMeWeHHH BOnOKOH B nocTORHHy~ CTpy~ paCTBOpa Gamble Y*e YepeJ KOpOTKOe epeMR OTMeYeHbl Bblpa*e HHble HJMeHeHHR . DnR o6ecne'leHl1R noaaYH CTpyH onpeaeneHHOro 06beMa C nocTORHHOH CKOpOCTb~ CKOHCTpyHpoBaH cneuHanbHblH npH6op. 8b1wenoYeHHble eonoKHa HccneaoeanH c noMOWb~ 3neKTpoH- Horo MHKpOJOH!la; aononHHTenbHY~ HH~OpMaUH~ nan aHanHJ 3n~TpHaTa CTaTHYeCKoro TecTa nyTeM aTOMHOH a6cop6UHH. HaKOHeU, peJynbTaTbl XHMHYecKoro BOJ!leHCTBHR YeTKO npoaeMoHcTpHpoeanH (jloTorpa~HH. cnenaHHhle non c K aH11py~WHM 3ne K TpOHHblM MHK poc Kon OM. llle.'lO YH H HOHbl wenoYHO- JeMenbHblX MeTannoB BblWenaYHBa~TCR B nonHOM COOTBeTCTBHH C HX KOHUeHTpauHeH B COCTaBe BOnOKOH . KpoMe Toro. BOnOKHa , CXO!lHble no CBOeMy XHMHYeCKOMY COCTaBy co CTeKnOM, roMoreHHO paCTBOpR~TCR, HaYHHaR C noeepXHOCTH, a Ha eonoKHax co cna6owenoYHOH peaKuHeH noRBnR~TcR nRTHa noK anbHOH K oppOJHH . CaMblM B3*Hb1M cneacTBHeM npouecca BblWenaYHBaHHR RBnReTCR o6paJOBaHHe Ha noeepxHOCTH 6onee K pynHblX BonoK OH *eneo6paJHoro cnoR TOnWHHOH OT Hee K onb K HX aecRTblX MHKpOMeTpa !IO 2 MKM 11 aa*e 6onbwe' OJHaYa~wee. YTO Bee BOnOKHa, paa11yc KOTOpblX cpaBHHM C TOnWHHOH 3Toro cnoR, npHo6peTa~T •eneo6paJHy~ KOHCHCTeHUH~ . 80JMO*HOCTb yKopoYeHHR eonoKOH, oco6eHHO TOHKHX, nyTeM noKanbHOH KOppOJHH, nponHTblBaHHR BO!IOH H paJMRrYeHHR no Mepe o6paJOBaHHR renR cny•HT noTeHUHanbHblM H aa•e eepORT- HblM 06bRCHeHHeM ynoMRHYTblX BblWe 3nHaeMHonorHYec K HX aaHHblX. a TaK•e MHoroo6ewa~wei:i ocHoeoH LLJIR aanbHeHwHx HccneaoeaHHH . 139 npHJlO;+;eHHe 31 PACTBOPHMOCTb BOnOKOH IN VITRO HIN VIVO J.P. Leineweber YcTOHYHBOCTb BOJlOKOH , oceBWHX B BhlXaTeJlbHhlX nyTRX, RBJlReTCR Ba;+;HblM onpeaeJlRKlWHM qia K TOpOM HX 6HOJ10rHYec KOH aKTHBHOCTH, a CJleaoBaTeJlbHO, H cnoco6HOCTH HHayuHpoBaTb 60J1eJHb . B HacToRWeM coo6weHHH npeacTaeJ1eH o6Jop HMeKlWHXCR CBeaeHHH O paCTBOpHMOCTH BOJlOKOH in vivo, a Ta K ;+;e npHBeaeHbl HOBble 3K cnepHMeHTaJlbHble aaHHble 0 paCTBOpHMOCTH HMB B pa JHblX CHCTeMax in vitro. 60JlbWHHCTBO HCCJleaoeaTeJleH npHJHaKlT JHaYeHHe ycTOHYH- BOCTH BOJlOKOH H HX paCTBOpHMOCTH ,ll.JIR Bcex paJaeJlOB TOKCHKO- JlOfHH BOJlOKOH, oaHaKO HHqJOpMaUHH, nonyYeHHOH B peJyJlbTaTe HccneaoeaHHH in vivo, oYeHb Mano. Wright & Kuschner~ CBRJaJlH OTHOCHTeJlbHO HHJKyKl qJH6poreHHOCTb ,ll.JlHHHblX, OYeHb TOHKHX CTeKJlRHHhlX BOJlOKOH C MeHbWeH HX ycTOHYHBOCTbl() no cpaBHeHHI() c ac6ecTOM . KpoMe Toro, COBpeMeHHhle pa60Thl Bernstein H coaBT. (CM . npHJlO;+;eHHe 35) noKaJanH , YTO nocne 18-MeCRYHOfO npe6hlBaHHR e nerKHX aHaMeTp CTeKJlRHHhlX BOJlOKOH JHaYHTeJlbHO yMeHbWaeTCR. Cpeaa BHyTpH MaKpoqiaroe, no-BHBHMOMy, 60J1ee arpeccHeHa, YeM Boo6we e nerKHx. no HccneaoBaHHH, npeanpHHRThlX B HaCTORWee BpeMR, B TexHHYeCKOH JlHTepaType He 6~Jl0 noapo6HhlX coo6weHHH 0 paCTBOpHMOCTH HMB B CHCTeMaX in vitro. B TO ;+;e BpeMR HMeeTCR MHOfO aaHHhlX O pacTBOpHMOCTH apyrHX pecnHpa6eJlbHhlX • YaCTHU. B HaCTORWeM coo6weHHH peYb HaeT O paCTBOpHMOCTH HeCKOJlbKHX BHBOB HMB B Bone H B "qJHJHOJlOfHYeCKOM" coneBOM paCTBOpe . nocneaHHM cny;+;HT MOBHqJHUHpOBaHHhlH pacTBOp Gamble. HCnOJlb JOBaHHblH Kana pi lly anR HJyYeHHR paaHoaKTHBHhlX YaCTHU . a Wright, G.W. & Kuschner, M. The influence of varying lengths of glass and asbestos fibers on tissue response in guinea pigs. In Walton, W.H., ed Inhaled particles IV. Oxford & New York, Pergamon Press, 1977. 140 ll11R 3KCTpaKUHH npHMeHeHa npOTOYHaR CHCTeMa, KOTOpaR, KaK no11ara~T. CllY*HT 6011ee aaeKBaTHOH MoaeJlb~ peaJlbHMX YCJlOBHH B CHCTeMe ablXaHHR. np~lMepHO 3- 6 r BO11O KOH nOMe- wa11H B noKpblTY~ aJl~MHHHeM 3KCTpaKUHOHHy~ rHJlbJy BHYTPH n11aCTMaccoeoro KOHTeHHepa co CJlHBHOH Tpy6KOH a11R noaaep- *aHHR nocTORHHoro ypoBHR. Bo BCeH CHCTeMe noaaep*HBaJlH TeMnepaTypy Ha ypoBHe 60°( H Ha o6paJeu nepeKaYHBaJlH COOTBeTCTBy~wy~ *HaKOCTb co CKOpOCTb~ I MJllMHH. nepHOaH•teCKH rHJlbJy co BCeM ee coaep*HMblM npOMblBa.'JH . BblCYWHBaJlH H BJBeWHBaJlH a11R onpeae11eHHR noTepH MaCCbl. AHaJlHJ CKOpOCTH paCTBOpeHHR noKaJaJl, YTO OHa nponop- UHOHallbHa n11owaaH noBepxHOCTH BOJlOKHa. PeJyJlbTaTM 3Kcne- pHMeHTOB onHCMBa~TCR ypaBHeHHeM mJ ' 2 - m: ' 2 = L/2ak,, rae mo - HcxoaHaR Macca, m, - Mac ca B MOMeHT t H k - KOHCTaHTa CKOpOCTH paCTBopeHHR (Ta611 . I) . rpa$HK JaBHCHMOCTH BenHYHHM, paBHOH KBaapaTHOMy KOpH~ HJ OCTaBWeH- CR MaCCbl, OT BpeMeHH aOJl*eH 6blT b Jl HHeHHblM c Ha KJlOHOM, paBHblM l/2ak. (KopOCTb pacTBOpeHHR He JaBHCe11a OT COCTaBa CTeKJla. 8 TO *e BpeMR 3MnHpHYeCKHe CKOpOCTH pacTBOpeHHR B coneBOM pacTBope xopowo Koppe1111poBaJ1H C O*HaaeMOH, paCCYHTaHHOH Ha OCHOBe aHaMeTpa BOJlOKOH. no aaHHblM Bernstein H coaBT. nposeaeHHoe Hcc11eaoBaH11e noKaJa11O, YTo HMB pacTBo- pR~TCR C BnOJlHe aocTynHOH HJMepeHH~ CKOpOCTb~. KaK in vivo, TaK Hin vitro. Hcc11eaoBaHHR Heo6xoa11Mo npoao11- *HTb, HO Y*e no11yYeHHble aaHHble CllY*aT Ba*HblM KJl~YOM K noHHMaHH~ OTHOCHTeJlbHO HHJKOH 611011or11YeCKOH aKTHBHOCTH HMB . 141 Ta6AHUa I . )MnHpH~eCKHe CKOpOCTH pacTBOpeHHR BOAOKHO PacTBOpHMOCTb KoHcTaHTa CKOpOCTH k (r/cM 2/~) (TeKAO A Bona 21 ,JO x 10- 8 CoAesoii pacTBOp 30.48 X io - 8 (TeKAo B Bona 4,71 X 10- 8 CoAeBOH paCTBop 10,83 X 10- 9 CTeKAO C Bona 15,46 X 10- 8 CoAeBOH pacTBOp 5,37 X lQ - 8 (TeKAO D Bona 1,68 X 10- a CoAeBoii pacTBOp 0,78 X 10- 8 MHHepaAbHaR BaTa Bona 8,46 X 10- 9 CoAeBoii pacTBOp 5, 10 X 10- 9 YcTOH~HBble Bona 0,71 X 10- 9 (KepaMH~eCKHe) CoAesoii pacTBOp 4,32 X 10- 8 BOAOKHa 142 npH110:«eHHe 32 PACOPEnEJIEHHE HMB no PAJMEPAM nocJIE lVIHTEJlbHOH HHrAJIHUHH N.F. Johnson, D.M. Griffiths & R.J. Hill Hcc11enoeaHo ocenaHHe HMB B 11erKHx noc11e Hx MHTeJlbHOH HHraJlffUHH, npHqeM oco6oe BHHMaHHe yneJlffJIH xapaKTepHCTHKaM paJMepoB BOJIOKOH H taKTOpaM, KOTOpMe MoryT nOBJIHffTb Ha pacnpene11eHHe BOJIOKOH no paJMepy . 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PaJJJHYHe KJIHpeHca neyx HCCJJenoeaHHblX THnoe BOJIOKOH CBH.lleTeJlbCTByeT O TOM, YTO y K pblC, B.llblX3BWHX KepaMHYeCK HH MaTepHaJJ, HMeJI MeCTO 6HOJIOfHYec K HH KJJHpeHC, THnHYHblH .llJIR ycTOHYHBblX BOJIOKOH, Tor na K aK BOJ.lleHCTBHe MHHepaJJbHOH B3Tbl npHBO.llHJIO HK 6HOJIOrHYeCKOMy KJIHpeHcy, HK 3JIHMHHaUHH BOJIOKOH nyTeM pacTeopeHHR. 145 flpHJIO)t(eHHe 34 PACOPE4EREHHE HHrARHPOBAHHMX HMB B RErKHX KPMCM L. Le Bouffant, J.P. Henin, J.C. Martin, C. Normand, G. Tichoux & F. Trolard Ue11b 11cc11enosaHHR , ocywecTBJIRBwerocR non 3r11noH O6beDHHeHHOro esponeHCKoro COBeTa no MeDHUHHCKHM HayYHMM Hcc11enooaHHRM, COCTORJla B oueHKe CTeneHH neHeTpaUHH HMB 8 paJHble OTDeJlbl 11erKoro, 4T06bl BblRBHTb HJMeHeHHR. KOTOpblM OHH nonsepramTCR B 11eroYHOH TKaHH, H oueHHTb pHCK paJBHTHR $H6poJa HJIH onyxo1111 . 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XapaKTepwcTHKH HMB s 11erKoM 6011ee BMCOKaR pacTBOpHMOCTb HMB no cpaBHeHHIO C aM<j>H60JIHYec K HMH ac6ecTOBblMH MaTepHaJlaMH OCJIO*HReT 3KCTpaKUHIO HX HJ 11erOYHOH TKaHH, TaK KaK MHOrHe cnoco6bl 3KCTpaKUHH conpR*eHM C pHCKOM apTe<j>aKTHoro HJMeHeHHR napaMeTpOB BOJIOKOH . B O.llHOH HJ pa6oT, npe.acTaBJleHHblX Ha KOH<j>epeHUHH (flpHllO*eHHe 32), .llHaMeTp CTeKJIRHHMX BOJIOKOH HJMepRllH Ha cpeJax 11erOYHOH TKaHH, HCnOllbJyR MeT0.11 TpaHCMHCCHOHHOH MHKpOCKOnHH . no 06111eMy MHeHHIO, C*HraHHe 180 KaK npH BMCOKOH , TaK H npH HHJKOH TeMnepaType YpeeaTO nonOJIHHTeJlbHblM paJpbiBOM BOJIOKOH, noMHMO noc11enoeaTeJ1bHblX HJMeHeHHH napaMeTpOB, KOTOpbie npOHCXO.llRT B 11e rKHX . MeTO.llbl BJla*HOH BMBapKH npennoYTHTeJlbHee , HOK BM6opy peaKTHBOB c11enyeT nonxo.llHTb C OCTOPO*HOCTblO, YT06bl HJ6e*aTb paCTBOpeHHR BOJIOKOH. MeTO.llHKa, npHronHaR .llJIR BOJIOKOH O.llHOro THna' MO*eT 6b1Tb HenpHeMJleMOH .llJIR npyrHx . 3Ta 0611aCTb, KaK OTMeYeHO e.llHHO.llyWHO, Tpe6yeT naJlbHeHWHX Hcc11enoeaHHH. PeKoMeH.llaUHH OcHOBHaR peKOMeHnaUHR Hcc11e.11oeaTeJ1bCKOH rpynnM CBO.llHJlaCb K opraHHJaUHH KOMHCCHH no COJ.llaHHIO 6aHKa CTaH.aapTHMX o6paJUOB HaH6011ee pacnpocTpaHeHHMX BH.11OB HMB . Onpe.aeneHbl .aee 0611acTH, Tpe6yiowHe .aaJlbHeiwero HJyYeHHR: eo-nepBMX , HCnOJlbJOBaHHe HeHHraJIRUHOHHMX MeTO.11OB eee.aeHHR HMB rpbiJyHaM; BO-BTOpbiX, paJpa60TKa MeTO.11OB '.3KCTpaKUHH HMB HJ JlerO'IHOH TKaHH, KOTOpbie He HJMeHRJIH 6M HX napaMeTpM . 181 npH110:«eHHe 48 PEJOflWUHH GC/20/R9, nPHHHTAH HA HBAllUATOH CECCHH PYKOBOHHWEro COBETA MAHP PyKoeonRWHH coeeT, OTMeYaR, YTO B COOTBeTCTBHH c peJOJl~UHeH GC/12/Rl Jana Ya AreHTCTBa COCTOHT B BblRBJleHHH K aHueporeHHblX ll.JIR YeJlOBeKa ljlaKTOpOB OKpy:«a~weH cpenbl; npH J HaBaR, YTO ll.JIR 31jJ<jJeKTHBHOfO ee peweHHR cneuHaJlHC- TaM B 0611aCTH MenHUHHCKHX HayYHblX HCC11enoeaHHH, o6RJaHHblM co611~naTb onpeneneHHy~ creneHb ceKpeTHocTH, Heo6xonHM nocryn K HHnHBHnyaJlbHblM MenHUHHCKHM KapTaM, yYeTHblM pa60YHM KapTaM, perHCTpy paKa H CBHneTeJl bCTBaM O CMepTH; noHHMaR, YTO H)JlHWHe CTporHe orpaHHYeHHR Ha nOJlb)OBa - HHe TaKOH noKyMeHTaUHeH MoryT CTaTb HeonpeononHMblM npenRT- CTBHeM K nposeneHH~ onpeneneHHblX HCCJle,lloBaHHH H BblRBJJeHH~ cneuH<jJHYeCKHX KaHueporeHHblX ljlaKTopoe; H npHHHMaR BO BHHMaHHe TOT ljlaKT, YTO ny611HKaUHR peJyJlb- TaTOB 3nHt1eMHOJ10fHYeCKHX HCCJlenoeaHHH He seneT K BblRBJJeHH~ JlHYHOCTeH , 0 K OTOpbiX HneT peYb , a JlHUa , noJJyYHBWHe nocTyn K 3TOH KOH<jJHneHUHaJlbHOH HH<jJOpMaUHH, B CBO~ OYepenb, 6ynyT o6RJaHbl xpaHHTb ee s TaHHe, I . HACTOHTEflbHO PEKOMEHllYET rocynapcTBaM - YJleHaM MAHP npHHRTb Heo6xonHMble JaKOHonaTeJJbHble H anMHHHCTpaTHBHble Mepbl K TOMy, YT06bl, coxpaHHB KOH<jJHneHUHaJlbHOCTb Me,llHUHHCKOH H TpynoeoH yYeTHOH ,llOKyMeHTaUHH, cneJJaTb HX .llOCTynHblMH ll.JIR cneuHaJlHCTOB. YTO o6ecneYHT 31jJ<jJeKTHBHblH 3nHneMH011orHYecKHH nonxon K peweHH~ npo611eM o6wecTeeHHoro JnpaeooxpaHeHHR; 2 . BhlPAIAET nOIEflAHHE. YT06b1 naHHaR peJoJJ~UHR 6b111a nepenaHa feHepa11bHOMy nHpeKTopy BOJ ll.JIR or11aweHHR Ha ceccHH BceMHpHOH accaM611eH JnpaeooxpaHeHHR . 182 CnllCOK YYA( THIIKOB ABcrpa.'IIIR Dr D. B. Douglas. Chief Medical Officer. CS R Ltd . Sydney, New South Wales Dr J .E.H. Milne, Chief Occupational Health Officer. Health Com- mission of Victoria. Occupational Health Service , Melbo urne, Victoria Mr G . Pickford, Resea rch and Engineering Centre, James Hard ie Industries Ltd , Camellia. New South Wales ABCTpHR Dr H. Kreiner. Technical Oflice. Linzer Glasspinnerei Franz Haider AG. Vienna Professor P. Schiitz, Vienna City Council Dr F. Sluka, Central Labour Inspectorate, Ministry of Social Affairs, Vienna 6eJlb rHfl Mr R.D . van Huet, Bayer Owens/Corning Glasswool SA. Brussels Dr P. Jaumotte, Emines Dr J . Lepoutre, N.V . Eternit. Kapelle-op-den-bos Dr M. Ligny, Occupational Physician. Coc kcrill -Sa mbre. Togo-Cou illet 6011rap1111 Dr M.T. Dobreva, Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Health, Sofia 183 BettrpHR Dr A. Mandi, Head, Clinical Department, National Institute for Occupational and Industrial Health , Budapest repMaHCKaR fleMOKpaTHYeCKaR Pecny6AHKa 184 Dr Konetzke , Chief, Department of Occupational Diseases, Central Institute for Occupational Health , Berlin Ms M.R. Anderson , Danish Federation of Semi-skilled Workers, Copenhagen Mr J . Bech Christiansen, lsomax A/S, Jystrup Mr E.D. Brask , Superfos Glasuld A/S, Vedba:k Mr E. Fa:ster, Rockwool A/S, Hedehusene Mr H. Fokdal. Skilled Industrial Workers, Copenhagen Dr P. Grandjean, Danish National Institute of Occupational Health, Hellerup Dr K. Grunnet, Chief Medical Officer. Danish Employers' Confeder- ation, Copenhagen Mr D. H0gsted, Jutland Technological Institute, Aarhus Mr C. Hugod, Department of General Hygiene, National Board of Health, Copenhagen Mr E. Hvid Hansen. Dansk Eternit-Fabrik A/S, Aalborg Dr O.M. Jensen, Director, Danish Cancer Registry, Copenhagen Dr 0 . Kanstrup, BST Centre, Tastrup Dr B. Korsgaard, Dansk Eternit-Fabrik A/S, Aalborg Mr W. Linander, European Insulation Manufacturers Association. Rosk ilde Mr V.H. Madsen, Danish Labour Inspectorate, Copenhagen Mr 0 . Nielsen . Danish Building Resea rch Insti tute . H0rsholm Dr J . Olsen. Danish Cancer Regis try. Copenhage n Mr P. Overgaard. Roc kwool A/ S, Hedehusene \Ir R. Petersen, Institute of Social Medicine . Aa,hus University :\-Ir E. Rasmussen. Occupa tio nal Physician . Roskilde \Ir T . Schneider . Director. Department o f Industrial Hygiene , Danish National Institute of Occupational Health. Hclkrup Dr D . Sherson . Danish La bour Inspectorate . Department of Occu- pational Medicine. Co penhagen \Ir E.D. Smith. Rockwool International A/S, Hedehusene \Is K.L. Svanholt, Danish Land Organization. Copenhagen :\,Ir E.V. Tind. Superfos Glasuld A/ S, Kastrup :\,Ir N. Tobiassen. Union Adviser. Building and Construction Safety Council. Copenhagen :\,Ir S.E. Venstrup-Nielscn, Institute of Social Medicine, Aarhus University HcnaHlllUI Dr \' . Rafnsson. Administration of Occupational Safety and Health. Reykjavik Hcnamtll Dr G . Pascual Pia . Barcelona Dr N. Retana lza. Nationa l Institute of Hea lth . Madrid Mr D.A. Sans Benguria . Madrid HTaJIHll Dr P.L. Bertazzi. Assistant Professor . Institute of Occupatio nal Health . University of Mila n 185 Professor G . Chiappino. Labour Clinic. Milan \Ir E. Costa , Assistant Managing Director, Eternit SPA, Genoa \Ir . P.G . Cozzi, National Asbestos Centre, Milan Dr L. Paoletti, Laboratory for Cellular Biology and Immunology, Higher Institute of Health. Rome KaHa.aa Mr M. Hayes , McMastcr Universit y. Hamilton. Ontario Professor J .C. McDo nald , Institute of Occupational Health and Safet y. McGill University. Mo ntreal , Quebec Miss B. Meck. Bureau of Chemical Hazards, Health Protection Bra nch, Department of National Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Ontario Dr H. Shannon, McMaster University, Hamilton , Ontario Mr A.R. Wells, Fiberglas Canada Inc., Toronto, Ontario HH.aep11aH.ab1 186 Dr G .J . van Esch , Director. Division of Toxicology, National Institute for Public Health , Bilthoven Miss C.J .G . van Hock , Labo ratory for Electron Microscopy, Univer- sity of Leiden Dr W. van Hof, Managing Director. BGBouw. Amsterdam Dr J .E. Hoogendoorn . Silcnka BW, Hoogczand Dr A.R. Kolff van Oosterwijk , Hertel BV. Amsterdam Dr J .J . Kolk, Akzo NV. Arnhem Dr L. Ncelcman . Rotterdam Dr J . Spaandcr, National Institute o f Public Health. Bilthovcn Mr A.W. van dcr Wiclen. Ministry of Health and Environmental Protecti on, Lcidschcnda m Hopeern11 Mr A. Andersen, Chief, Data Processing, Norwegian Cancer Registry, Norwegian Radium Hospital. Oslo Mr P. Anfinnsen, Glassvatt A/S, Askim Mr A. Berge, National Pollution Inspectorate, Oslo Mr N. Enger, Elkem A/S, Oslo Mr B. Erikson, Norwegian Federation of Trade Unions, Oslo Dr T. Guthe, Oslo (Rapporteur) Mr B. Gylseth, Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo Mr B. Hilt, Department of Occupational Medicine, Telemark Central Hospital, Porsgrunn Mr J.H. Krefting, Elkem-Rockwool, Torshov, Oslo Dr J. Lien, Telemark Central Hospital. Skien Dr J .P. Lutzow-Holm, Elkem A/S, Oslo Dr G . Mowe. Institute of Occupational Health. Oslo Mr E.M. Ophus, Assistant Professor. Institute for Organization and Labour, Trondheim Mr 0 . Skaane. Research Centre, Norsk Hydro. Porsgrunn Dr V. Skaug. Pathologist . Institute of Occupational Health . Oslo Dr T.D. Strand, Oslo Dr A. Strausland Johnson, Occupatio nal Health Officer, Glass- vatt A/ S, Tregstad Dr A.B. Svindland, Directorate for Labour Inspection'. Oslo Dr J .O. Syvertsen, Elkems Workers Health Service . Moss Dr H.H. Tj0nn, Directorate for Labour Inspection. Oslo Dr J. Waage . Norsk Hydro . Haavik Dr E. Wergeland. Directorate for Labour Inspection. Oslo 187 no11bwa Professo r J . lndulski. Director. Institute of Occupational Medicine , Lodz CaynoacKaH ApaaHH Dr F. Mansour . The Saudi Arabian Amiantit Company Ltd. Dammam CoenHHeHHoe Kopo11eacTao Mr F. H. Aldred. Secretarv. European Ce ramic Fibres Industry Associ- ation . C hester Mr A.M. Berman . Director Genaal's Department. Scientific Branch. Greater Lo ndon Council. Lo ndon Dr K. Browne. Cape Industries Ltd . Londo n Dr J .D . Cameron. Prescot Dr N.P. Crawford. Institute o f Occupational Medicine. Edinburgh Dr D.M. Da\'ies . Head . Occupational Services . The British Petroleum Companv Ltd. Group Occupational Health Centre. Sunbury- on-Thames Dr J.M.G. Davis. Head. Path ology Branch . Institute of Occupational Medicine . Edinburgh Mr J. Dodgso n. Head. Environmental Branch . Institute of Occu- pational Medicine. Edinburgh Dr M. Fisher. Medical Research Counc il. London Dr G .H. Fletcher. Employment Medical Advisory Service. Health and Sakty E~ecutive. London Dr M .J. Gardner. Reader. Medical Statistics. MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit. Southampton General Hos pital Mr J .L. Geddes. Cape lnsulat w n Ltd . Stirling Dr J .C. Gilson. Honiton (Chairman) Dr T .R.P. Goffe. TBA Industrial Products Ltd. Rochdale 188 Dr M. Greenberg. Health and Safely Execu1ive. London Dr C.J. Hardy. Depar1men1 of lnhala1ion Toxicology. Hun1ingdon Research Centre Mr G. Hayes. General Secrelary. Join1 European Medical Research Board. Shrewsbury Mr G .A. Hedgecock. Pilkington Bro1hers Led. Occupa1ional Hygiene Depar1men1. Sc Helens Mr G.F. Heron. Research and Engineering Direccor. TBA lndus1rial Produces Led. Rochdale Dr J. W. Hill. Pilkington Bro1hers Led. Medical Cenlre. SI Helens Mr R.D. Hun1. BBA Group Ltd, Cleckhea1on Dr N.F. Johnson. Scien1is1 . MRC Pneumoconiosis Unit. Llandough Hospi1al. Penanh Mr A. V. Jones. Health and Safely Execu1ive. London Mr B.T. Lloyd. McKechnie Refractory Fibres Ltd. Widnes Dr 0 . Lloyd. Wolfson lns1i1u1e of Occupa1ional Health, Medical School. University of Dundee Mr B.D. Millner, Government Liaison Officer, Pilkington Bro1hers Led. Sc Helens Mr S.F.A . Miskin. Direc1or. Manufacturing and Technology. Morgan- ice Ceramic Fibres Lid. Bromborough Mr A. Morgan. Group Leader. Inhalation Toxicology Group. Environ- mental and Medical Sci.ences Division. Atomic Energy Research Es1ablishmen1. Harwell Dr R. Murray, London Mr T.E. Nash. Cape Industries Ltd. London Dr P. Oldershaw. Health and Safety Executive, Occupational Medicine and Hygiene Laboratories. London Dr D.I . Packham. Superinlendenl. Division of Environmental and Material Sciences, Department of Industry. Laboratory of the Government Chemise. London 189 Dr G .H. Pigott . Senior Toxicologist. Cen1ral Toxicology Labora1ory. Imperial Chemical lndus1ries PLC. Macclesfield Mr A. Pimblell. Marke1ing Direc1or. lnsula1ion Division, Fibre- glass Lid. S1 Helens Dr A.R. Reid, Central Electricity Generating Board. London Dr A. Rood. Heallh and Safety Execu1ive. London Mr C.E. Rossiter . Division of Computing and Statistics, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Harrow Mr T. Shenton-Taylor, Health and Safety Executive, London Mr J .W. Skidmore, MRC Pneumoconiosis Unit. Llandough Hospilal. Penarth Mr C.P. Slenk, Carborundum, Sale Ms N. Tait, The Society for the Preven1ion of Asbestosis and Industrial Diseases, Enfield Mr K.J . Verrill, BBA Group Ltd, Cleckheaton Dr J .C. Wagner. Member of Senior Scientific Staff (Clinical), MRC Pneumoconiosis Unit, Llandough Hospi1al, Penarth Mr W.H. Walton, lnveresk. Musselburgh CoeaHHeHHMe WTaTM AMepHKH Dr G . Chase, Epidemiologist. Bioslatistician, Department of Health, Safety and Environment, Johns-Manville Corporation. Denver, Colorado Mr S. Collins. Chairman. Public lnforma1ion Committee, Thermal lnsula1ion Manufacturers Associa1ion, Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation, Toledo. Ohio Dr M. Corn. Professor and Division Director. Environmental Health Engineering, School of Hygiene and Public Heallh, Johns Hopkins Universi1y, Baltimore. Maryland Professor P.E. Enterline, Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pimburgh, Pennsylvania 190 Dr N .A. Esmen. Department of Industrial Environmental Health Sciences. Graduate School of Public Health. University of Pitts- burgh. Pennsylvania Dr P. Gross. Naples. Florida Dr Y.Y. Hammad. Associate Professo r. Tulane University School of Medicine. New Orleans . Louisiana Dr J .M. Hughes. Assistant Professor. Biostatistics. Tulane University School of Medicine. New Orleans. Louisiana Dr J .L. Konzen. Medical and Scientific Committee. Thermal Insula- tion Manufacturers Association. and Medical Director , Owens- Corning Fiberglas Corporation. Toledo. Ohio Dr P. Kotin . Johns-Manville Corporation. Denver. Colorado Dr M. Kuschner . School of Medicine. State University of New York at Stony Brook. New York Mr K.P. Lee. Staff Pathologist. Ha skell Laboratory. E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company . Newark. Delaware Dr J .P. Leineweber. Johns-Manville Corporation. Denver. Colorado Dr M. Lippmann . Institute o f Environmental Medicine. New York University Medical Center. New York Dr E. E. McConnell, Chief. Chemical Patho logy Branch National Tox- icology Program. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Research Triangle Park. North Carolina Dr L.J . Mellon. Assistant Vice President . Corporate Medical Director. Certainteed Corporation. Valley Forge. Pennsylvania \1r E. Merriman. Engineer. E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company . Newark . Delaware Mr R. \V. Morgan. Senior Vice President. Environmental Health Associates. Inc .. Berkeley . California Dr C.F . Reinhardt. Director. Haskell Laboratory . E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. Newark . Delaware Mr W.B. Reitze . Chief Environmental Scientist . Johns-Manville Cor- poration. Denver. Colorado 191 Mr C. L. Sheckler. Chairman. Health-Safety Group . Thermal Insu- latio n Manufacturers Association . Brick Town . New Jersey Dr D.M. Smith . Experimental Pa th o logist. Toxicology Group LS-I, Los Alamos National Labora to ry. New Mexico Mr C.A. Szuch . Pitney. Hardin . Kipp & Szuch. Morristown, New Jersey Dr H . Weill. Professor of Medicine . Tulane University School of Medicine . New Orleans. Louisiana ( Vice-Chairman) Mr L.M . Wilson. Stites, McElwain & Fowler. Louisville. Kentucky Dr G. W. Wright . Denver. Colorado Co~J CoeeTCKHx CouwanHCTH~ec KHX Pecny6nHK Dr L.T. Elovskaya. Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Health . Moscow ~enepaTHBHaR Pecny6RHKa repMaHHH Dr L. Armbruster, Central Office for Dust Control and Pneumo- coniosis Prevention, Bergbau Forschung GmbH, Essen Dr K. Berners, Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH, Gladbeck Dr S. Dobbertin, Federal Office for the Environment. Berlin (West) Dr K.W. Esser. Griinzweig & Hartmann und Glasfaser AG. Lud- wigshafen Dr H. Forster. Institute of Mineralogy and Mineral Theory, Rhein- Westphalia Technological University, Aachen Dr R. Frentzel-Beyme, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg Professo r K.D. Friedberg , Directo r, Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Mannheim Faculty for Clinical Medicine, Uni- versity of Heidelberg, Mannheim Dr H . Furtak. Member. Board of Directors, Griinzweig & Hartmann und Glasfaser AG. Ludwigshafen 192 Dr H.G. Grimm. Institute for Occupa1ional and Social Medicine, Erlangen University Dr G . Heinze, Bayer AG . Leverkusen Professor D. Henschler. lns1itu1e for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wtirzburg Mr R. Klingholz, Baltenberg Dr L. Miksche, Factory Doctor, Bayer AG, Leverkusen Professor K. Norpolh, Institute for Hygiene and Occupational Medi- cine. University Clinic. Essen Dr W. Pauli1schke, Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH. Gladbeck Dr F. Pou . Medical lns1i1u1e of Environmental Heallh. University of Dtisseldorf Dr G . Riediger. Federal Cooperative Institute forOccupalional Safety, St Augustine Professor K. Robock. Asbestos lnsti1u1e for Occupational and Environ- mental Protection, Neuss Dr K. Rodelsperger, Institute and Polyclinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Universily of Giessen Professor H. W. Schlipkoter. Medical lnstilule of Environmental Heahh, University of Dtisseldorf Mr H . Schneider. Union of German Engineers. Dtisseldorf Dr D . Steinhoff. Institute for Toxicology, Bayer AG, Wuppertal Mr K. S1umpen. Rheirihold & Mahla GmbH. Mannheim Mr H. Tiesler, Griinzweig & Hartmann und Glasfaser AG. Lud- wigshafen Miss S. Ullmer, Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology of 1he Mannheim Facully for Clinical Medicine. Universi1y of Heidel- berg. Mannheim Professor H .-J . Woitowitz. lns1itu1e and Polyclinic for Occupalional and Social Medicine. University of Giessen 193 '1>HHJl!IH!ll1!1 \.ir S. Backlund, Partck Company AB, Pargas Mr H. Hictcranta, Partck Company AB. Lappccnranta Dr P.L. Kalliomaki, Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki Ms K. Karppincn, Panek Company AB , Paraincn Mr E. Kojonen, A. Ahlstrom Osakeyhtio, Karhula Mr K. Koskinen, Metalworkers Unio n, Helsinki Mr P.T . Nykancn , A. Ahlstrom Osakcyhtio, Karhula Mr A. Palo ma ki, Partck Company AB, Helsinki Mr V. Pa rvi , Tyosuojcluhallitus . Ta mpere Mr E. Sundquist , Tyosuojcluhallitus, Tampere Dr L.H .I. Teppo, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki Dr A. T ossavaincn , Institute of Occupatio nal Health , Helsinki Dr V. Vaaranen. Director , Depa rtment o f Occupational Medicine, Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki Mr M. Virtamo, Uusimaa Regio nal Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki Dr G . Wickstrem, Turku Regio nal Institute of Occupational Health, Turku .PpaHUH!l 194 Mr Y. Alexandre. French Asbestos Association, Paris Mr R. Bluzat , Directorate of Research. Compagnic de Saint-Gobain, Pa ris Mr D . Bouigc, French Asbestos Associat ion, Paris Mr C. Caron, Comitc international de la Rayonne ct des Fibres synthctiques, Paris Mr B. Carton, French National Institute for Research and Safety, Vandcruvre-les-Nancy Dr P. Delcpine. lsover Saint-Gobain, Neuilly-sur-Seine Dr M. Esquevin. Saint-Gobain Industries DVT. Chambcry \Ir Y.P. Fasquelle. Sodefive lsover Saint-Gobain . Paris \1r J.P. Kiehl. Lafarge Ce ntre for Refractory Research. Venissieux Professor L. Le Bouffant , Centre for Research and Studies . Charbon- nages de France, Verneuil-en-Halatte Dr J .C. Martin. CERCHAR Laboratories. Centre for Research and Studies. Charbonnages de France, Verneuil-en-Halatte Dr B. Morin, Regional Inspector for Labour and Manpower, Grenoble \Ir J .J . Moulin, French National Institute for Research and Safety, Vandcruvre-les-Nancy Dr M. Navez. Isover Saint-Gobain. Courbevoie Dr \1. Pierredon, Owens Corning Fiberglas France SA, Laudun \Ir C. Rafaelli, Valeo , Conde-sur-Noireau Professor P. Sadoul. Scientific Director. Unit 14 on Respiratory Phvsio- Pathology, French National Institute for Health and Medi- ca l Research, Vandcruvre-les-Nancy Dr \1 .P. Sebastien, Health Engineer. Laboratory for Inhaled Particles Study . Directorate of Health and Social Affairs fqr the Department of Paris lfexoCJJOBaKHR Dr Y. Shimecec, Head. Dust Laborato ry , Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Prague llleeiiuapHR Dr D.M. Bernstein . Battelle Institute, Geneva Research Centres, Geneva 195 llleeum1 196 Dr G. Abrahamsson . Bvgghalsan (the Construction Industry's Organ- ization for Working Environment. Safety and Health).Gothenburg Mr R. Ahlberg, Swedish Metal Federation. Stockholm Mr B. Anderberg. President. Rockwool AB and European Insulation Manufacturers Association. Skiivde Mr B. Ankersson . Rockwool AB. Skiivde Mr T . Ax, Tarkett AB . Ro nneby Mr G . Berglund. Construction Board of Sweden. Stockho lm Dr E. Bo linder . Chief Medical Office r. The Swedish Trade Union Co nfederation . Stockholm Mr S. Daglund . Ombudsman. Swedish Land Organization. Stockholm Mr R. Edstroem. Natio nal Board of Occupa tional Safety and Health, Solna Mr G . Engholm. Byggha lsa n (the Construction Industry's Organiz- ation for Working En\'ironment. Safe ty and Health). Stockholm Dr A. Englund, Bygghalsan (the Construction Industry's Organization for Wo rking Environment. Safety and Health). Stockholm Mr P. Gerde. Chemical Engineering Department . Royal Institute of Technology, Stockho lm Mr N. Hallin . Bygghalsan (the Construction Indu stry's Organization for Working Environment. Safety and Health). Stockholm Mr W.J .A. Hartung, Laxa Bruk . Skiivde Dr U. Hjortsberg. Department of Occupational Medicine, Malmo General Hospital Dr C. Hogstedt, National Boa rd of Occupational Safety and Health, Solna Mr L. Holm. National Board of Occupational Safety and Health. Solna Mr G. Jaco bsen . Swedish Federation of Building Workers, Stockholm Mr B. Jaerholm . Department of Occupational Medicine, Sahlgren Hospital. Gothenburg Professor S. Kramz. Aerosol Section . Na tional Board of Occupational Safety and Health . Solna :-Vfr B. Kronvall. Gullfiber AB. Billesholm Dr P. Malmberg. Associate Professor. Research Department. National Board of Occupational Safety and Health. Solna :-.ir I. Ohberg, Rockwoo l AB. Skovde Dr C.-G. Ohlson , Department o f Occupational Health . Occupational Health Clinic, Regi onal Hospital. Orebro Dr P. Scholander, Chemical Engineering Department. Roya l Institute of Technology. Stockholm Dr J.E . Sindberg, Works Health Centre. Skaar AB, Gothenburg Dr K. Sune Larsson. LO-Forbundens Rattsskydd AB. Stockholm Dr C. Tillman , National Board of Occupational Safety and Health, Solna Dr H. Welinder. Senior Occupational Hygienist, Occupational Health Clinic Laboratory. Lund Dr P. Westerholm. Medical Adviser. The Swedish Trade Union Con- federation, Stockholm :-.ir .-\ . Westlin. National Board of Occupational Safety and Health, Solna IOroc11aeH11 Professor Z. Sku.ric. School of Public Health, Medical School, Univer- sity of Zagreb llpyrne MeirnyttapOllHble H Me:«npaBHTeJlbCTBeHHble opraHH JaUHH KoMHCCHll eeponeHCKHX coo6wecTB Dr G . Aresini . Principal Administrator. Health and Safety Direc- torate, Luxembourg 197 Dr H. 011. Principal Sc ientific Ofli ccr . Directorate-General Science Research and De velo pment. Brusse ls, Belgium Me*ayHapoaHoe ar eHTCTBO no HJyYeHH~ paKa Ms N. Charney . Biostati stics Programme. Lyon. France Dr J . Esteve, Biostatistics Programme, Lyon, France Dr R. Saracci. Analytical Epidemiology Programme. Lyon. France Dr L. Simona to, Analytical Epidemiology Programme. Lyon. France Dr L. Tomatis , Director. Lyon. France Dr N. Gavrilescu, Geneva, Switzerland BceMHpHaR opraHHJaUHR JapaeooxpaHeHHR 198 Eepone~cKoe perHoHanbHOe 6~po Dr L.A . Kaprio. Regional Director Dr M.l. Mikheev, Regional Officer for Workers' Health Dr M.J . Suess. Regi onal Officer for Environmental Hazards Dr S. Tark owski , Chief Technical Adviser. UNDP Project in Chemi- ca ls Co ntrol Mr J .l. Waddington. Director. Environmental Health Service WT a6- K eaprnpa Professo r F. Valic. c/ o Division o f Environmental Health 11 11111 11111 11111 1111111111111111111111111 11111111 * 0 0 0 I 1 Z 1 ½ *