Contraception within the context of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive lives: country profile: Ghana

Ghana Contraception within the context of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive lives: Country profile SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS Both Sexes Female Male 10-19 years 10-14 years 15-19 years 10-14 years 15-19 years Total population of adolescents (millions)1 (2020) 6.6 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.6 % of total population that are adolescents1 (2020) 21.3 11.1 10.0 11.3 10.2 % of adolescents that live in rural areas2 (2014) 47.1 47.0 42.4 51.1 47.2 % of total rural population that are adolescents2 (2014) 22.2 11.5 9.3 12.9 10.7 % of total urban population that are adolescents2 (2014) 21.2 10.8 10.5 10.8 10.4 % national monetary child poverty3 (2017) No data Completion rate for lower secondary school4 (2015) Female 51.6 Male 51.5 Completion rate for upper secondary school4 (2015) Female 41.2 Male 48.9 Out of school rate4 (2018) Female 23.1 Male 24.2 CHILD MARRIAGE/UNION STATUS5 (2017-18) Female Male Adolescents, 15-19, who are married/ in union (%) 7.3 0.6 % married/in union before age 15 (aged 20-24) 5.0 0.4 % married/in union before age 18 (aged 20-24) 19.3 3.9 SEXUAL ACTIVITY5 (2017-18) Female Male 10-14 years 15-19 years 10-14 years 15-19 years % of adolescents engaged in pre-coital physical behavior No data No data No data No data % of adolescents that ever- had sex No data 37.1 No data 21.3 % of adolescents having had sex by age 15 No data 9.9 No data 6.9 % of adolescents sexually active in the last month6,7 (2014/17) No data 13.1 No data 6.7 FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION5 (2017-18) 10-14 years 15-19 years % of girls who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting 0.2 0.6 GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE % of girls who report experiencing6(2014): 10-14 years 15-19 years Physical violence in the last 12 months No data 17.9 Sexual violence in the last 12 months No data 4.3 % of adolescents (aged 15-19) who think a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife in certain circumstances5 (2017-18) Female Male 37.1 21.7 CHILDBEARING % of adolescent girls who have begun childbearing5 (2017-18) 10-14 years No data 15-19 years 14.2 % of women (aged 20-24) who gave birth before 18 years5 (2017-18) 18.1 Number of births per 1,000 girls, 15-198 (2019) 62.5 % of adolescent girls (aged 15-19) with live births who received antenatal care (ANC4+ visits)5 (2017-18) 78.1 % of births among girls (aged 15-19) attended by skilled health personnel5 (2017-18) 74.7 x ABORTION 10-14 years 15-19 years Abortion rate per 1,000 girls No data No data FERTILITY INTENTIONS & CONTRACEPTIVE USE6,9 (2014) % of most recent pregnancies experienced by adolescent girls aged 15-19, including current pregnancies by planning status Married/ In union Unmarried/ not in union Last pregnancy wanted (<2 years) 45.8 14.7 Last pregnancy wanted later (>=2 years) 52.7 85.3 Last pregnancy not wanted at all 1.5 0.0 % of adolescent girls (aged 15-19) with an unmet need for modern methods of contraception 50.7 50.5* % of sexually active unmarried adolescent girls (aged 15-19) who currently use at least one method of modern contraception7(2017) 27.2 Current use and non-use of contraception, 15-19 years 9 (2014) Contraceptive method mix, 15-19 years 9 (2014) Main reasons for not intending to use contraception, 15-19 years 9 (2014) Main sources of contraception, 15-19 years 9 (2014) 81.4 16.9 1.9 92.0 5.6 2.4 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Not using Modern method Traditional In Union Not in Union 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% In Union Not in Union Other Periodic abstinencce Implants/norplant Withdrawal Injectables Condoms Pill 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% In Union Not in Union Pharmacy/Chemical/d rug store/shop Private hospital/clinic Mobile clinic/ooutreach/field worker Family planning clinic/maternity home Government hospital/health center 22.9% 20.9% 19.0% 9.6% 4.7% Fear of side effects Infrequent sex Not having sex Not married Inteferes with body's processes Not in Union 17.2% 13.0% 12.4% 9.9% 9.7% Fear of side effects Infrequent sex Breastfeeding Postpartum amenorrheic Not having sex In Union WHO/SRH/20.17 © World Health Organization 2020. Some rights reserved. This work is available under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. For more information, please contact: Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research; E-mail: srhavp@who.int Website: www.who.int/health- topics/adolescent-health/ HIV/AIDS, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STIs) AND HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV) Female Male 10-19 years 10-14 years 15-19 years 10-19 years 10-14 years 15-19 years Number of adolescents living with HIV10 (2020) 12,000 3,900 8,500 7,900 4,100 3,800 Number of new HIV infections among adolescents per year10(2020) 1,900 No data 1,900 <500 No data <500 % of adolescents with comprehensive knowledge about AIDS5(2017-18) No data No data 14.0 No data No data 17.0 % prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among adolescents6 (2014) No data No data 34.4 No data No data 13.6 % of sexually active adolescents who had an HIV test in the last 12 months and received the results5 (2017-18) No data No data 16.3 No data No data 2.2 % of girls, 15 or older, who have completed the full three dose vaccination schedule for HPV No data No data No data No data No data No data MENSTRUAL HEALTH5(2017-18) 10-14 years 15-19 years % of adolescent girls who were aware of menstruation before the onset of their first menstruation No data No data % of adolescent girls who did not participate in social activities, school, or work due to their last menstruation in the last 12 months No data 22.0 DATA SOURCES 1. World Population Prospects, 2019 Revision. Population data. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Available from: https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ [Accessed 17th October, 2019]. 2. United Nations. World Urbanization Prospects, the 2014 Revision. New York: United Nations; Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; 2014. 3. Keeley B, Little C. The State of the World’s Children 2017: Children in a Digital World. UNICEF: New York; 2017. 4. UNESCO Institute of Statistics. UIS Statistics. Available from: http://data.uis.unesco.org [Accessed 23rd September 2019]. 5. Ghana Statistical Service. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS2017/18), Survey Findings Report. Accra, Ghana: GSS; 2018. 6. Ghana Statistical Service- GSS, Ghana Health Service- GHS, and ICF International. Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Rockville, Maryland, USA: GSS, GHS, and ICF International; 2015. *Unmet need for modern methods of contraception for girls not married/in union is for the proportion that are sexually active in the last month. 7. Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), Ghana Health Service (GHS), and ICF. Ghana Maternal Health Survey 2017. Accra, Ghana: GSS, GHS, and ICF; 2018. 8. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects. Fertility data- 2020-2025. Available from: https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Fertility/ [Accessed 30th October 2019]. 9. Ghana Statistical Service - GSS, Ghana Health Service - GHS, and ICF International. Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2014/GHIR72FL.DTA. Rockville, Maryland: General Directorate of Statistics, GSS, GHS, and ICF International; 2015. 10. UNAIDS. Trends of new HIV infections. Available from: http://aidsinfo.unaids.org [Accessed 9th October 2020].