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Monitoring tobacco control among youth in countries of the South-East Asia Region: 2018

July 1, 2018 World Health Organization

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Cessation Message from the Regional Director Tobacco use is estimated to cause more than 1.5 million deaths each year in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Most of these deaths are from noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer or chronic respiratory disease. Tobacco control is thus an integral component of overall NCD control, and for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal target of reducing premature mortality from NCDs by one-third by 2030. As part of this, each of the Region’s Member States has committed to a relative reduction of 30% in the prevalence of current tobacco use by 2025 compared to 2010 baseline levels. Therefore, along with other partners in health development, WHO is committed to help Member States in monitoring and tracking progress towards tobacco control. Notably, most current adult tobacco users initiate tobacco use during adolescence. This makes the monitoring and prevention of tobacco use among adolescents of great importance. Since the late 1990s, WHO, along with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), has supported the implementation of nationally representative Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) every 3-5 years among school-going adolescents (13-15 years of age). GYTS are a component of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, and a global standard for systematically monitoring smoking and smokeless tobacco use among youth, as well as tracking key tobacco control indicators. Since 2012 the data from these surveys have been regularly published in brochure format for wider dissemination to help inform national policies and programmes. As such, I am pleased to launch this 3rd edition of the brochure. While the first edition –published in 2012 – provided the baseline, this updated edition includes data from additional Global Youth Tobacco Surveys implemented since the publication of the 2nd edition in 2014. The brochure provides a quick comparative snapshot of key youth tobacco use indicators and helps to assess the progress made in the last 10-15 years. To this end, all efforts have been made to collect, compile, analyze and present the most updated and comparable data for each specified indicator obtained through GYTS. It is hoped that this brochure will facilitate the wider dissemination of data from these surveys among all stakeholders, and will help foster discussion, strengthen alliance-building and renew political commitment at the country level for more effective tobacco control among youth. Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh Regional Director WHO South-East Asia Region The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a component of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS), is a global standard for systematically monitoring youth tobacco use (smoking and smokeless) and tracking key tobacco control indicators. GYTS enhances the capacity of countries to monitor tobacco use among youth; guides national tobacco prevention and control programs; and facilitate comparison of tobacco-related data at the national, regional, and global levels. It also enables countries to fulfill their obligations under the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and WHO MPOWER—a package of selected policy measures. GYTS is a nationally representative school-based survey of students 13 to 15 years of age and is designed to produce cross-sectional estimates for each country. GYTS uses a global standardized methodology including a standardized core questionnaire, sample design, and data collection protocol, producing comparable estimates across countries. A two-stage sample design is used with selection of schools in the first stage with a probability proportional to enrollment size. The classes within selected schools are chosen randomly in the second stage and all students in selected classes are eligible to participate in the survey. The questionnaire includes following topics: tobacco use (smoking and smokeless); cessation; exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS); exposure to pro- and anti-tobacco media; exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion; access and availability to obtain tobacco products; and knowledge and attitudes regarding tobacco. The questionnaire is self- administered anonymously using OCR scannable paper-based bubble sheets. This brochure summarizes data and trends in the selected indicators of youth tobacco control during 2003–2016 in selected Member States of WHO’s South-East Asia Region. The target audience is multi-stake holders of youth tobacco control such as NGOs, government departments, academicians, and researchers. Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) – an introduction Following the publication of the 2nd edition of the brochure on “WHO FCTC indicators related to youth tobacco control” in 2014, this third updated edition includes additional data from Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) conducted between 2014 and mid-2018 in the member states of WHO South-East Asia Region. The brochure provides a comparative snapshot of levels and trends of key indicators related to tobacco control among school going youth in the age group 13 to 15 years of age. The policy makers, programme managers, researchers, and tobacco control advocates will find the rich data presented in brochure useful to promote evidence-informed policies and programs for more effective tobacco control. In addition, these data can help the Member States plan further epidemiological studies as per their need. Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 2003–2016 Monitoring tobacco control among youth in countries of the South-East Asia Region: 2018 For technical information, please contact: Dr Manju Rani, Regional Adviser, Noncommunicable Diseases & Tobacco Surveillance, E-mail: ranim@who.int Mr Naveen Agarwal, Surveillance Management Associate, Noncommunicable Diseases & Tobacco Surveillance, Email: agarwaln@who.int Tobacco use Country Year Current tobacco users1 Current tobacco smokers2 Current smokeless tobacco users3 Current cigarette smokers4 Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 6.9 (4.7 – 10.1) 9.1 (6.7 – 12.1) 5.1 (2.5 – 10.3) – – – 4.9 (2.9 – 8.0) 5.8 (3.5 – 9.3) 4.2 (1.9 – 9.1) 2.0 (1.1 – 3.6) 2.9 (1.7 – 5.0) 1.1 (0.3 – 3.2) 2013 6.9 (4.8 – 9.8) 9.2 (6.1 – 13.5) 2.8 (1.8 – 4.3) 2.9 (1.5 – 5.4) 4.0 (2.0 – 7.7) 1.1 (0.5 – 2.1) 4.5 (2.9 – 7.0) 5.9 (3.5 – 9.7) 2.0 (1.2 – 3.5) 2.1 (0.9 – 4.9) 3.4 (1.5 – 7.1) 0.0 (0.0 – 0.0) Bhutan 2004 17.3 (13.2 – 22.3) 21.7 (15.5 – 29.4) 11.9 (8.1 – 17.3) – – – 7.4 (5.2 – 10.6) 10.0 (6.0 – 16.2) 4.5 (2.8 – 7.4) 10.1 (7.7 – 13.1) 14.6 (10.3 – 20.2) 4.9 (3.2 – 7.4) 2006 20.2 (17.3 – 23.4) 28.6 (23.2 – 34.7) 12.4 (9.6 – 15.8) – – – 10.0 (8.0 – 12.5) 14.5 (10.0 – 20.5) 6.0 (4.3 – 8.3) 12.1 (9.6 – 15.2) 18.3 (13.8 – 23.8) 6.3 (4.1 – 9.6) 2009 18.8 (15.8 – 22.2) 27.6 (22.9 – 32.8) 11.6 (8.9 – 15.0) 13.9 (11.4 – 16.9) 19.7 (15.7 – 24.6) 9.0 (6.9 – 11.8) 9.4 (7.3 – 12.1) 14.1 (10.7 – 18.3) 5.3 (3.4 – 8.2) 12.4 (10.0 – 15.3) 18.3 (13.9 – 23.7) 7.9 (6.0 – 10.4) 2013 30.3 (26.2 – 34.7) 39.0 (33.7 – 44.5) 23.2 (19.0 – 28.0) 16.5 (13.9 – 19.5) 26.3 (21.6 – 31.6) 8.6 (7.0 – 10.6) 21.6 (18.5 – 25.2) 25.0 (21.7 – 28.6) 18.9 (14.6 – 24.1) 14.0 (11.8 – 16.4) 23.1 (19.0 – 27.6) 6.6 (4.8 – 9.0) India 2003 16.9 (15.5 – 18.4) 21.6 (19.6 – 23.7) 9.7 (8.0 – 11.6) 8.1 (7.0 – 9.3) 10.5 (9.1 – 12.2) 4.2 (3.4 – 5.3) 14.0 (12.6 – 15.4) 18.0 (16.0 – 20.1) 7.9 (6.3 – 9.8) 4.2 (3.2 – 5.5) 5.7 (4.4 – 7.5) 1.8 (1.2 – 2.8) 2006 13.7 (11.6 – 16.3) 16.8 (14.2 – 19.9) 9.4 (7.1 – 12.5) 7.0 (5.8 – 8.4) 9.4 (7.6 – 11.6) 3.6 (2.8 – 4.6) 9.4 (7.5 – 11.6) 10.7 (8.6 – 13.2) 7.5 (5.5 – 10.3) 3.8 (3.1 – 4.7) 5.4 (4.3 – 6.7) 1.6 (1.0 – 2.6) 2009 14.6 (13.0 – 16.3) 19.0 (16.8 – 21.4) 8.3 (7.0 – 9.9) 8.1 (7.1 – 9.3) 11.2 (9.7 – 12.9) 3.7 (3.0 – 4.6) 9.0 (7.7 – 10.4) 11.1 (9.3 – 13.1) 6.0 (5.0 – 7.1) 4.4 (3.6 – 5.3) 5.8 (4.6 – 7.3) 2.4 (1.8 – 3.1) Indonesia 2014 20.3 (15.8 – 25.7) 36.2 (28.3 – 44.9) 4.3 (3.0 – 6.1) 19.4 (15.0 – 24.8) 35.3 (27.4 – 44.0) 3.4 (2.2 – 5.3) 2.1 (1.5 – 2.9) 3.0 (2.2 – 4.2) 1.1 (0.7 – 1.8) 18.3 (13.9 – 23.6) 33.9 (26.1 – 42.7) 2.5 (1.4 – 4.3) Maldives 2004 12.1 (8.9 – 16.2) 15.5 (11.1 – 21.2) 6.5 (3.5 – 11.7) – – – – – – 6.9 (4.8 – 9.8) 9.0 (6.4 – 12.6) 3.1 (1.1 – 8.5) 2007 5.9 (4.4 – 7.9) 8.5 (6.0 – 11.8) 3.4 (2.1 – 5.3) – – – – – – 3.8 (2.7 – 5.3) 6.6 (4.6 – 9.6) 0.9 (0.4 – 2.0) 2011 11.2 (8.8 – 14.2) 15.2 (11.6 – 19.6) 6.7 (4.9 – 9.2) 7.9 (6.1 – 10.3) 10.4 (7.9 – 13.5) 5.0 (3.3 – 7.6) 6.2 (4.8 – 7.9) 9.2 (6.7 – 12.6) 2.9 (2.1 – 4.1) 4.3 (3.0 – 6.3) 6.2 (3.6 – 10.4) 2.4 (1.6 – 3.5) Myanmar 2007 15.3 (12.4 – 18.7) 22.5 (18.1 – 27.4) 8.2 (5.9 – 11.3) 11.6 (9.1 – 14.6) 16.8 (13.1 – 21.2) 6.5 (4.5 – 9.3) 6.5 (5.1 – 8.3) 10.3 (7.7 – 13.5) 2.7 (1.9 – 3.9) 4.9 (3.6 – 6.5) 8.5 (6.2 – 11.6) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.6) 2011 18.6 (15.2 – 22.7) 30.0 (24.1 – 36.7) 6.8 (4.8 – 9.6) 13.8 (11.0 – 17.1) 23.5 (18.2 – 29.7) 3.6 (2.5 – 5.4) 9.8 (7.5 – 12.6) 15.2 (11.3 – 20.2) 4.0 (2.8 – 5.6) 6.8 (4.8 – 9.5) 13.0 (8.8 – 18.8) 0.5 (0.2 – 1.5) 2016 13.6 (11.2 – 16.3) 26.3 (21.2 – 32.1) 3.7 (2.5 – 5.3) 10.6 (8.5 – 13.1) 21.1 (16.3 – 26.9) 2.4 (1.6 – 3.6) 5.7 (4.5 – 7.2) 11.0 (8.7 – 13.7) 1.5 (0.9 – 2.5) 8.3 (6.4 – 10.5) 17.0 (12.9 – 22.1) 1.5 (0.8 – 2.6) Nepal 2007 9.4 (7.2 – 12.2) 13.0 (9.8 – 16.9) 5.3 (3.0 – 9.1) 6.3 (4.8 – 8.1) 8.8 (6.6 – 11.5) 3.4 (2.0 – 5.7) 6.1 (4.5 – 8.2) 8.8 (6.3 – 12.1) 2.9 (1.3 – 6.2) 3.9 (2.7 – 5.6) 5.7 (3.9 – 8.3) 1.9 (1.0 – 3.5) 2011 20.4 (16.8 – 24.6) 24.6 (19.6 – 30.3) 16.4 (13.2 – 20.1) 9.0 (6.8 – 11.7) 11.4 (8.2 – 15.6) 6.5 (4.9 – 8.7) 16.2 (13.2 – 19.6) 19.7 (15.7 – 24.5) 12.9 (10.2 – 16.1) 3.1 (2.0 – 4.7) 5.5 (3.3 – 9.2) 0.8 (0.3 – 1.8) Sri Lanka 2003 8.0 (6.2 – 10.3) 9.5 (6.8 – 13.2) 6.1 (4.6 – 8.0) – – – – – – 2.4 (1.5 – 3.7) 3.0 (1.8 – 4.9) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.9) 2007 9.1 (6.8 – 12.2) 12.4 (8.7 – 17.5) 5.8 (3.6 – 9.4) 4.4 (3.0 – 6.4) 5.4 (3.4 – 8.5) 3.4 (2.0 – 5.9) 6.8 (4.9 – 9.4) 9.6 (6.6 – 13.8) 3.9 (2.2 – 6.9) 1.2 (0.5 – 2.9) 1.6 (0.7 – 3.7) 0.9 (0.2 – 3.5) 2011 10.5 (8.9 – 12.4) 15.7 (13.1 – 18.7) 5.4 (4.4 – 6.7) 3.9 (2.9 – 5.1) 5.5 (4.1 – 7.5) 2.2 (1.5 – 3.1) 8.5 (7.1 – 10.1) 13.0 (10.7 – 15.7) 4.1 (3.2 – 5.1) 1.5 (1.0 – 2.5) 2.8 (1.7 – 4.6) 0.3 (0.1 – 0.7) 2015 3.7 (2.1 – 6.4) 6.7 (3.6 – 12.0) 0.7 (0.3 – 1.4) 1.7 (0.9 – 3.2) 3.2 (1.6 – 6.2) 0.2 (0.0 – 1.4) 2.4 (1.2 – 4.7) 4.2 (2.0 – 8.9) 0.5 (0.3 – 1.0) 1.5 (0.8 – 2.7) 2.9 (1.5 – 5.5) 0 Thailand 2005 15.7 (13.8 – 17.7) 21.7 (19.4 – 24.2) 8.4 (6.9 – 10.2) – – – – – – 11.7 (10.0 – 13.7) 17.4 (15.2 – 20.0) 4.8 (3.6 – 6.4) 2009 17.9 (15.0 – 21.2) 26.9 (23.1 – 31.1) 9.2 (6.8 – 12.2) – – – 5.7 (3.4 – 9.3) 7.3 (4.5 – 11.5) 4.1 (2.2 – 7.4) 11.7 (10.2 – 13.4) 20.1 (17.4 – 23.1) 3.8 (3.0 – 4.8) 2015 15.0 (11.2 – 19.8) 21.8 (16.8 – 27.8) 8.1 (5.1 – 12.5) 14.0 (10.4 – 18.6) 20.7 (16.0 – 26.3) 7.1 (4.4 – 11.2) 2.7 (2.0 – 3.6) 4.1 (2.8 – 5.9) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.6) 11.3 (8.2 – 15.3) 17.2 (12.9 – 22.5) 5.2 (3.1 – 8.6) Timor–Leste 2006 41.0 (33.8 – 48.6) 54.5 (46.4 – 62.3) 29.8 (21.3 – 40.1) – – – – – – 32.4 (25.5 – 40.2) 50.6 (41.6 – 59.6) 17.3 (10.7 – 26.8) 2009 31.1 (25.1 – 37.9) 39.7 (30.8 – 49.2) 23.8 (16.9 – 32.3) – – – – – – 24.6 (18.2 – 32.4) 38.2 (27.3 – 50.4) 14.6 (9.0 – 22.7) 2013 42.4 (35.2 – 49.9) 65.5 (53.6 – 75.8) 23.9 (19.5 – 29.0) 35.0 (28.9 – 41.6) 61.4 (48.1 – 73.2) 15.4 (12.0 – 19.5) 8.4 (6.6 – 10.7) 7.7 (5.0 – 11.5) 9.3 (6.8 – 12.5) 28.9 (22.1 – 36.9) 53.5 (38.5 – 69.0) 11.0 (7.6 – 15.7) Country Year Current smokers who tried to stop smoking in the past 12 months Current smokers who want to stop smoking now Current smokers who thought they would be able to stop smoking if they wanted to Current smokers who have ever received help/advice from a programme or professional to stop smoking Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 85.0 (57.2 – 96.0) 92.6 (73.4 – 98.2) * 70.7 (45.4 – 87.5) 89.5 (63.3 – 97.7) * 88.1 (64.9 – 96.8) * * 90.1 (71.6 – 97.0) 84.0 (58.7 – 95.1) * 2013 35.4 (10.5 – 71.9) 35.4 (10.5 – 71.9) * 59.9 (20.3 – 89.7) 59.9 (20.3 – 89.7) * 86.1 (63.0 – 95.8) 85.9 (62.6 – 95.7) * 8.9 (2.3 – 28.8) 6.4 (1.4 – 25.1) * Bhutan 2004 81.8 (69.9 – 89.7) * * 87.0 (69.7 – 95.1) * * 84.4 (71.0 – 92.3) * * – – – 2006 85.4 (72.4 – 92.9) 82.7 (70.2 – 90.7) * 91.7 (81.0 – 96.7) 89.1 (76.6 – 95.3) * 88.1 (77.5 – 94.0) 91.2 (73.4 – 97.5) * – – – 2009 84.1 (71.6 – 91.8) 83.2 (65.2 – 92.9) 84.2 (65.1 – 93.8) 79.1 (63.6 – 89.2) 79.5 (62.7 – 90.0) * 77.1 (63.7 – 86.6) 76.4 (59.2 – 87.8) * – – – 2013 83.1 (72.3 – 90.2) 82.1 (71.4 – 89.3) * 81.8 (65.3 – 91.5) 87.4 (74.7 – 94.2) * 83.8 (74.4 – 90.2) 87.3 (76.8 – 93.5) * 25.3 (22.0 – 28.9) 23.9 (19.0 – 29.7) 29.1 (19.0 – 41.8) India 2003 71.8 (59.6 – 81.5) – – 69.4 (62.4 – 75.7) – – – – – 84.6 (78.1 – 89.4) – – 2006 55.5 (44.0 – 66.4) 57.0 (44.0 – 69.1) 48.3 (29.5 – 67.6) 70.3 (61.6 – 77.8) 70.0 (60.6 – 77.9) 72.2 (49.7 – 87.3) – – – 81.8 (74.9 – 87.1) 82.9 (75.8 – 88.3) 76.2 (59.3 – 87.6) 2009 67.2 (54.0 – 78.1) 69.1 (54.6 – 80.6) 60.2 (45.6 – 73.2) 66.1 (57.0 – 74.1) 64.0 (52.2 – 74.4) 71.6 (56.5 – 83.1) – – – 94.3 (88.1 – 97.4) 93.9 (85.6 – 97.6) 95.5 (85.5 – 98.7) Indonesia 2014 81.8 (76.6 – 86.0) 81.5 (75.9 – 86.1) 84.4 (68.9 – 93.0) 88.2 (84.1 – 91.4) 87.8 (83.6 – 91.0) 94.0 (76.5 – 98.7) 91.8 (87.1 – 94.9) 91.8 (86.8 – 95.1) 90.5 (78.3 – 96.2) 24.0 (19.1 – 29.6) 23.0 (18.2 – 28.6) 39.7 (26.1 – 55.1) Maldives 2007 54.4 (32.4 – 74.8) 54.1 (32.5 – 74.3) * 65.0 (46.9 – 79.6) 69.1 (46.1 – 85.4) * – – – – – – 2011 – – – – – – * * * 79.0 (64.6 – 88.6) 86.3 (70.5 – 91.2) * Myanmar 2007 88.1 (78.8 – 93.6) 86.3 (75.7 – 92.7) * 83.0 (66.8 – 92.2) * – – – – 82.2 (69.5 – 90.3) 80.3 (65.8 – 89.6) * 2011 89.1 (76.2 – 95.5) 88.6 (75.7 – 95.1) * 90.1 (77.2 – 96.1) 89.6 (76.0 – 95.9) * – – – 76.4 (64.7 – 85.2) 77.2 (65.9 – 85.6) * 2016 74.5 (62.2 – 83.8) 73.3 (61.0 – 82.8) * 69.4 (59.4 – 77.8) 67.7 (57.5 – 76.5) * 80.2 (68.3 – 88.4) 79.1 (66.4 – 87.9) * 45.8 (38.1 – 53.8) 46.4 (37.7 – 55.3) * Nepal 2007 93.8 (80.8 – 98.2) * * 92.0 (77.5 – 97.4) * * – – – 90.2 (79.4 – 95.7) 92.9 (80.4 – 97.7) * Sri Lanka 2011 * * * * * * – – – 83.8 (72.5 – 91.0) 86.4 (74.5 – 93.2) * 2015 * * * * * * * * * * * * Thailand 2005 83.3 (78.8 – 86.9) 84.3 (79.9 – 87.9) 82.6 (73.6 – 89.0) 72.3 (63.2 – 79.9) 75.5 (69.4 – 80.7) 70.9 (53.2 – 84.0) – – – 89.2 (85.3 – 92.2) 90.0 (88.0 – 91.0) 94.5 (93.6 – 95.3) 2009 87.2 (81.4 – 91.4) 88.8 (82.5 – 93.0) 76.0 (65.7 – 83.9) 75.5 (69.2 – 80.8) 76.9 (70.3 – 82.4) 63.6 (48.3 – 76.5) – – – 86.9 (83.2 – 89.9) 87.1 (82.6 – 90.5) 85.0 (77.5 – 90.3) 2015 79.4 (70.0 – 86.3) 80.4 (65.9 – 89.7) * 72.2 (59.8 – 81.9) 74.4 (57.8 – 86.1) * 81.1 (65.6 – 90.6) 80.9 (63.3 – 91.2) 81.5 (52.3 – 94.6) 29.3 (22.5 – 37.2) 28.8 (22.0 – 36.8) 30.5 (19.3 – 44.5) Timor–Leste 2006 73.6 (58.8 – 84.5) 72.1 (55.4 – 84.4) * 73.7 (63.9 – 81.5) 73.0 (62.0 – 81.8) * 71.4 (57.1 – 82.4) 68.4 (52.0 – 81.2) 81.0 (64.4 – 91.0) – – – 2009 79.1 (72.4 – 84.6) 84.6 (70.9 – 92.5) * * * * 81.1 (67.0 – 90.0) 83.5 (65.5 – 93.1) * – – – 2013 61.1 (51.2 – 70.1) 62.6 (51.8 – 72.2) 55.4 (38.0 – 71.5) 67.8 (59.4 – 75.1) 70.0 (61.6 – 77.2) 57.2 (37.2 – 75.1) 72.2 (62.5 – 80.3) 72.8 (61.5 – 81.8) 69.4 (53.7 – 81.6) 31.5 (23.1 – 41.3) 31.0 (22.2 – 41.4) 34.2 (20.8 – 50.8) Cessation Message from the Regional Director Tobacco use is estimated to cause more than 1.5 million deaths each year in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Most of these deaths are from noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer or chronic respiratory disease. Tobacco control is thus an integral component of overall NCD control, and for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal target of reducing premature mortality from NCDs by one-third by 2030. As part of this, each of the Region’s Member States has committed to a relative reduction of 30% in the prevalence of current tobacco use by 2025 compared to 2010 baseline levels. Therefore, along with other partners in health development, WHO is committed to help Member States in monitoring and tracking progress towards tobacco control. Notably, most current adult tobacco users initiate tobacco use during adolescence. This makes the monitoring and prevention of tobacco use among adolescents of great importance. Since the late 1990s, WHO, along with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), has supported the implementation of nationally representative Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) every 3-5 years among school-going adolescents (13-15 years of age). GYTS are a component of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, and a global standard for systematically monitoring smoking and smokeless tobacco use among youth, as well as tracking key tobacco control indicators. Since 2012 the data from these surveys have been regularly published in brochure format for wider dissemination to help inform national policies and programmes. As such, I am pleased to launch this 3rd edition of the brochure. While the first edition –published in 2012 – provided the baseline, this updated edition includes data from additional Global Youth Tobacco Surveys implemented since the publication of the 2nd edition in 2014. The brochure provides a quick comparative snapshot of key youth tobacco use indicators and helps to assess the progress made in the last 10-15 years. To this end, all efforts have been made to collect, compile, analyze and present the most updated and comparable data for each specified indicator obtained through GYTS. It is hoped that this brochure will facilitate the wider dissemination of data from these surveys among all stakeholders, and will help foster discussion, strengthen alliance-building and renew political commitment at the country level for more effective tobacco control among youth. Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh Regional Director WHO South-East Asia Region The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a component of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS), is a global standard for systematically monitoring youth tobacco use (smoking and smokeless) and tracking key tobacco control indicators. GYTS enhances the capacity of countries to monitor tobacco use among youth; guides national tobacco prevention and control programs; and facilitate comparison of tobacco-related data at the national, regional, and global levels. It also enables countries to fulfill their obligations under the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and WHO MPOWER—a package of selected policy measures. GYTS is a nationally representative school-based survey of students 13 to 15 years of age and is designed to produce cross-sectional estimates for each country. GYTS uses a global standardized methodology including a standardized core questionnaire, sample design, and data collection protocol, producing comparable estimates across countries. A two-stage sample design is used with selection of schools in the first stage with a probability proportional to enrollment size. The classes within selected schools are chosen randomly in the second stage and all students in selected classes are eligible to participate in the survey. The questionnaire includes following topics: tobacco use (smoking and smokeless); cessation; exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS); exposure to pro- and anti-tobacco media; exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion; access and availability to obtain tobacco products; and knowledge and attitudes regarding tobacco. The questionnaire is self- administered anonymously using OCR scannable paper-based bubble sheets. This brochure summarizes data and trends in the selected indicators of youth tobacco control during 2003–2016 in selected Member States of WHO’s South-East Asia Region. The target audience is multi-stake holders of youth tobacco control such as NGOs, government departments, academicians, and researchers. Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) – an introduction Following the publication of the 2nd edition of the brochure on “WHO FCTC indicators related to youth tobacco control” in 2014, this third updated edition includes additional data from Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) conducted between 2014 and mid-2018 in the member states of WHO South-East Asia Region. The brochure provides a comparative snapshot of levels and trends of key indicators related to tobacco control among school going youth in the age group 13 to 15 years of age. The policy makers, programme managers, researchers, and tobacco control advocates will find the rich data presented in brochure useful to promote evidence-informed policies and programs for more effective tobacco control. In addition, these data can help the Member States plan further epidemiological studies as per their need. Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 2003–2016 Monitoring tobacco control among youth in countries of the South-East Asia Region: 2018 For technical information, please contact: Dr Manju Rani, Regional Adviser, Noncommunicable Diseases & Tobacco Surveillance, E-mail: ranim@who.int Mr Naveen Agarwal, Surveillance Management Associate, Noncommunicable Diseases & Tobacco Surveillance, Email: agarwaln@who.int Tobacco use Country Year Current tobacco users1 Current tobacco smokers2 Current smokeless tobacco users3 Current cigarette smokers4 Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 6.9 (4.7 – 10.1) 9.1 (6.7 – 12.1) 5.1 (2.5 – 10.3) – – – 4.9 (2.9 – 8.0) 5.8 (3.5 – 9.3) 4.2 (1.9 – 9.1) 2.0 (1.1 – 3.6) 2.9 (1.7 – 5.0) 1.1 (0.3 – 3.2) 2013 6.9 (4.8 – 9.8) 9.2 (6.1 – 13.5) 2.8 (1.8 – 4.3) 2.9 (1.5 – 5.4) 4.0 (2.0 – 7.7) 1.1 (0.5 – 2.1) 4.5 (2.9 – 7.0) 5.9 (3.5 – 9.7) 2.0 (1.2 – 3.5) 2.1 (0.9 – 4.9) 3.4 (1.5 – 7.1) 0.0 (0.0 – 0.0) Bhutan 2004 17.3 (13.2 – 22.3) 21.7 (15.5 – 29.4) 11.9 (8.1 – 17.3) – – – 7.4 (5.2 – 10.6) 10.0 (6.0 – 16.2) 4.5 (2.8 – 7.4) 10.1 (7.7 – 13.1) 14.6 (10.3 – 20.2) 4.9 (3.2 – 7.4) 2006 20.2 (17.3 – 23.4) 28.6 (23.2 – 34.7) 12.4 (9.6 – 15.8) – – – 10.0 (8.0 – 12.5) 14.5 (10.0 – 20.5) 6.0 (4.3 – 8.3) 12.1 (9.6 – 15.2) 18.3 (13.8 – 23.8) 6.3 (4.1 – 9.6) 2009 18.8 (15.8 – 22.2) 27.6 (22.9 – 32.8) 11.6 (8.9 – 15.0) 13.9 (11.4 – 16.9) 19.7 (15.7 – 24.6) 9.0 (6.9 – 11.8) 9.4 (7.3 – 12.1) 14.1 (10.7 – 18.3) 5.3 (3.4 – 8.2) 12.4 (10.0 – 15.3) 18.3 (13.9 – 23.7) 7.9 (6.0 – 10.4) 2013 30.3 (26.2 – 34.7) 39.0 (33.7 – 44.5) 23.2 (19.0 – 28.0) 16.5 (13.9 – 19.5) 26.3 (21.6 – 31.6) 8.6 (7.0 – 10.6) 21.6 (18.5 – 25.2) 25.0 (21.7 – 28.6) 18.9 (14.6 – 24.1) 14.0 (11.8 – 16.4) 23.1 (19.0 – 27.6) 6.6 (4.8 – 9.0) India 2003 16.9 (15.5 – 18.4) 21.6 (19.6 – 23.7) 9.7 (8.0 – 11.6) 8.1 (7.0 – 9.3) 10.5 (9.1 – 12.2) 4.2 (3.4 – 5.3) 14.0 (12.6 – 15.4) 18.0 (16.0 – 20.1) 7.9 (6.3 – 9.8) 4.2 (3.2 – 5.5) 5.7 (4.4 – 7.5) 1.8 (1.2 – 2.8) 2006 13.7 (11.6 – 16.3) 16.8 (14.2 – 19.9) 9.4 (7.1 – 12.5) 7.0 (5.8 – 8.4) 9.4 (7.6 – 11.6) 3.6 (2.8 – 4.6) 9.4 (7.5 – 11.6) 10.7 (8.6 – 13.2) 7.5 (5.5 – 10.3) 3.8 (3.1 – 4.7) 5.4 (4.3 – 6.7) 1.6 (1.0 – 2.6) 2009 14.6 (13.0 – 16.3) 19.0 (16.8 – 21.4) 8.3 (7.0 – 9.9) 8.1 (7.1 – 9.3) 11.2 (9.7 – 12.9) 3.7 (3.0 – 4.6) 9.0 (7.7 – 10.4) 11.1 (9.3 – 13.1) 6.0 (5.0 – 7.1) 4.4 (3.6 – 5.3) 5.8 (4.6 – 7.3) 2.4 (1.8 – 3.1) Indonesia 2014 20.3 (15.8 – 25.7) 36.2 (28.3 – 44.9) 4.3 (3.0 – 6.1) 19.4 (15.0 – 24.8) 35.3 (27.4 – 44.0) 3.4 (2.2 – 5.3) 2.1 (1.5 – 2.9) 3.0 (2.2 – 4.2) 1.1 (0.7 – 1.8) 18.3 (13.9 – 23.6) 33.9 (26.1 – 42.7) 2.5 (1.4 – 4.3) Maldives 2004 12.1 (8.9 – 16.2) 15.5 (11.1 – 21.2) 6.5 (3.5 – 11.7) – – – – – – 6.9 (4.8 – 9.8) 9.0 (6.4 – 12.6) 3.1 (1.1 – 8.5) 2007 5.9 (4.4 – 7.9) 8.5 (6.0 – 11.8) 3.4 (2.1 – 5.3) – – – – – – 3.8 (2.7 – 5.3) 6.6 (4.6 – 9.6) 0.9 (0.4 – 2.0) 2011 11.2 (8.8 – 14.2) 15.2 (11.6 – 19.6) 6.7 (4.9 – 9.2) 7.9 (6.1 – 10.3) 10.4 (7.9 – 13.5) 5.0 (3.3 – 7.6) 6.2 (4.8 – 7.9) 9.2 (6.7 – 12.6) 2.9 (2.1 – 4.1) 4.3 (3.0 – 6.3) 6.2 (3.6 – 10.4) 2.4 (1.6 – 3.5) Myanmar 2007 15.3 (12.4 – 18.7) 22.5 (18.1 – 27.4) 8.2 (5.9 – 11.3) 11.6 (9.1 – 14.6) 16.8 (13.1 – 21.2) 6.5 (4.5 – 9.3) 6.5 (5.1 – 8.3) 10.3 (7.7 – 13.5) 2.7 (1.9 – 3.9) 4.9 (3.6 – 6.5) 8.5 (6.2 – 11.6) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.6) 2011 18.6 (15.2 – 22.7) 30.0 (24.1 – 36.7) 6.8 (4.8 – 9.6) 13.8 (11.0 – 17.1) 23.5 (18.2 – 29.7) 3.6 (2.5 – 5.4) 9.8 (7.5 – 12.6) 15.2 (11.3 – 20.2) 4.0 (2.8 – 5.6) 6.8 (4.8 – 9.5) 13.0 (8.8 – 18.8) 0.5 (0.2 – 1.5) 2016 13.6 (11.2 – 16.3) 26.3 (21.2 – 32.1) 3.7 (2.5 – 5.3) 10.6 (8.5 – 13.1) 21.1 (16.3 – 26.9) 2.4 (1.6 – 3.6) 5.7 (4.5 – 7.2) 11.0 (8.7 – 13.7) 1.5 (0.9 – 2.5) 8.3 (6.4 – 10.5) 17.0 (12.9 – 22.1) 1.5 (0.8 – 2.6) Nepal 2007 9.4 (7.2 – 12.2) 13.0 (9.8 – 16.9) 5.3 (3.0 – 9.1) 6.3 (4.8 – 8.1) 8.8 (6.6 – 11.5) 3.4 (2.0 – 5.7) 6.1 (4.5 – 8.2) 8.8 (6.3 – 12.1) 2.9 (1.3 – 6.2) 3.9 (2.7 – 5.6) 5.7 (3.9 – 8.3) 1.9 (1.0 – 3.5) 2011 20.4 (16.8 – 24.6) 24.6 (19.6 – 30.3) 16.4 (13.2 – 20.1) 9.0 (6.8 – 11.7) 11.4 (8.2 – 15.6) 6.5 (4.9 – 8.7) 16.2 (13.2 – 19.6) 19.7 (15.7 – 24.5) 12.9 (10.2 – 16.1) 3.1 (2.0 – 4.7) 5.5 (3.3 – 9.2) 0.8 (0.3 – 1.8) Sri Lanka 2003 8.0 (6.2 – 10.3) 9.5 (6.8 – 13.2) 6.1 (4.6 – 8.0) – – – – – – 2.4 (1.5 – 3.7) 3.0 (1.8 – 4.9) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.9) 2007 9.1 (6.8 – 12.2) 12.4 (8.7 – 17.5) 5.8 (3.6 – 9.4) 4.4 (3.0 – 6.4) 5.4 (3.4 – 8.5) 3.4 (2.0 – 5.9) 6.8 (4.9 – 9.4) 9.6 (6.6 – 13.8) 3.9 (2.2 – 6.9) 1.2 (0.5 – 2.9) 1.6 (0.7 – 3.7) 0.9 (0.2 – 3.5) 2011 10.5 (8.9 – 12.4) 15.7 (13.1 – 18.7) 5.4 (4.4 – 6.7) 3.9 (2.9 – 5.1) 5.5 (4.1 – 7.5) 2.2 (1.5 – 3.1) 8.5 (7.1 – 10.1) 13.0 (10.7 – 15.7) 4.1 (3.2 – 5.1) 1.5 (1.0 – 2.5) 2.8 (1.7 – 4.6) 0.3 (0.1 – 0.7) 2015 3.7 (2.1 – 6.4) 6.7 (3.6 – 12.0) 0.7 (0.3 – 1.4) 1.7 (0.9 – 3.2) 3.2 (1.6 – 6.2) 0.2 (0.0 – 1.4) 2.4 (1.2 – 4.7) 4.2 (2.0 – 8.9) 0.5 (0.3 – 1.0) 1.5 (0.8 – 2.7) 2.9 (1.5 – 5.5) 0 Thailand 2005 15.7 (13.8 – 17.7) 21.7 (19.4 – 24.2) 8.4 (6.9 – 10.2) – – – – – – 11.7 (10.0 – 13.7) 17.4 (15.2 – 20.0) 4.8 (3.6 – 6.4) 2009 17.9 (15.0 – 21.2) 26.9 (23.1 – 31.1) 9.2 (6.8 – 12.2) – – – 5.7 (3.4 – 9.3) 7.3 (4.5 – 11.5) 4.1 (2.2 – 7.4) 11.7 (10.2 – 13.4) 20.1 (17.4 – 23.1) 3.8 (3.0 – 4.8) 2015 15.0 (11.2 – 19.8) 21.8 (16.8 – 27.8) 8.1 (5.1 – 12.5) 14.0 (10.4 – 18.6) 20.7 (16.0 – 26.3) 7.1 (4.4 – 11.2) 2.7 (2.0 – 3.6) 4.1 (2.8 – 5.9) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.6) 11.3 (8.2 – 15.3) 17.2 (12.9 – 22.5) 5.2 (3.1 – 8.6) Timor–Leste 2006 41.0 (33.8 – 48.6) 54.5 (46.4 – 62.3) 29.8 (21.3 – 40.1) – – – – – – 32.4 (25.5 – 40.2) 50.6 (41.6 – 59.6) 17.3 (10.7 – 26.8) 2009 31.1 (25.1 – 37.9) 39.7 (30.8 – 49.2) 23.8 (16.9 – 32.3) – – – – – – 24.6 (18.2 – 32.4) 38.2 (27.3 – 50.4) 14.6 (9.0 – 22.7) 2013 42.4 (35.2 – 49.9) 65.5 (53.6 – 75.8) 23.9 (19.5 – 29.0) 35.0 (28.9 – 41.6) 61.4 (48.1 – 73.2) 15.4 (12.0 – 19.5) 8.4 (6.6 – 10.7) 7.7 (5.0 – 11.5) 9.3 (6.8 – 12.5) 28.9 (22.1 – 36.9) 53.5 (38.5 – 69.0) 11.0 (7.6 – 15.7) Country Year Current smokers who tried to stop smoking in the past 12 months Current smokers who want to stop smoking now Current smokers who thought they would be able to stop smoking if they wanted to Current smokers who have ever received help/advice from a programme or professional to stop smoking Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 85.0 (57.2 – 96.0) 92.6 (73.4 – 98.2) * 70.7 (45.4 – 87.5) 89.5 (63.3 – 97.7) * 88.1 (64.9 – 96.8) * * 90.1 (71.6 – 97.0) 84.0 (58.7 – 95.1) * 2013 35.4 (10.5 – 71.9) 35.4 (10.5 – 71.9) * 59.9 (20.3 – 89.7) 59.9 (20.3 – 89.7) * 86.1 (63.0 – 95.8) 85.9 (62.6 – 95.7) * 8.9 (2.3 – 28.8) 6.4 (1.4 – 25.1) * Bhutan 2004 81.8 (69.9 – 89.7) * * 87.0 (69.7 – 95.1) * * 84.4 (71.0 – 92.3) * * – – – 2006 85.4 (72.4 – 92.9) 82.7 (70.2 – 90.7) * 91.7 (81.0 – 96.7) 89.1 (76.6 – 95.3) * 88.1 (77.5 – 94.0) 91.2 (73.4 – 97.5) * – – – 2009 84.1 (71.6 – 91.8) 83.2 (65.2 – 92.9) 84.2 (65.1 – 93.8) 79.1 (63.6 – 89.2) 79.5 (62.7 – 90.0) * 77.1 (63.7 – 86.6) 76.4 (59.2 – 87.8) * – – – 2013 83.1 (72.3 – 90.2) 82.1 (71.4 – 89.3) * 81.8 (65.3 – 91.5) 87.4 (74.7 – 94.2) * 83.8 (74.4 – 90.2) 87.3 (76.8 – 93.5) * 25.3 (22.0 – 28.9) 23.9 (19.0 – 29.7) 29.1 (19.0 – 41.8) India 2003 71.8 (59.6 – 81.5) – – 69.4 (62.4 – 75.7) – – – – – 84.6 (78.1 – 89.4) – – 2006 55.5 (44.0 – 66.4) 57.0 (44.0 – 69.1) 48.3 (29.5 – 67.6) 70.3 (61.6 – 77.8) 70.0 (60.6 – 77.9) 72.2 (49.7 – 87.3) – – – 81.8 (74.9 – 87.1) 82.9 (75.8 – 88.3) 76.2 (59.3 – 87.6) 2009 67.2 (54.0 – 78.1) 69.1 (54.6 – 80.6) 60.2 (45.6 – 73.2) 66.1 (57.0 – 74.1) 64.0 (52.2 – 74.4) 71.6 (56.5 – 83.1) – – – 94.3 (88.1 – 97.4) 93.9 (85.6 – 97.6) 95.5 (85.5 – 98.7) Indonesia 2014 81.8 (76.6 – 86.0) 81.5 (75.9 – 86.1) 84.4 (68.9 – 93.0) 88.2 (84.1 – 91.4) 87.8 (83.6 – 91.0) 94.0 (76.5 – 98.7) 91.8 (87.1 – 94.9) 91.8 (86.8 – 95.1) 90.5 (78.3 – 96.2) 24.0 (19.1 – 29.6) 23.0 (18.2 – 28.6) 39.7 (26.1 – 55.1) Maldives 2007 54.4 (32.4 – 74.8) 54.1 (32.5 – 74.3) * 65.0 (46.9 – 79.6) 69.1 (46.1 – 85.4) * – – – – – – 2011 – – – – – – * * * 79.0 (64.6 – 88.6) 86.3 (70.5 – 91.2) * Myanmar 2007 88.1 (78.8 – 93.6) 86.3 (75.7 – 92.7) * 83.0 (66.8 – 92.2) * – – – – 82.2 (69.5 – 90.3) 80.3 (65.8 – 89.6) * 2011 89.1 (76.2 – 95.5) 88.6 (75.7 – 95.1) * 90.1 (77.2 – 96.1) 89.6 (76.0 – 95.9) * – – – 76.4 (64.7 – 85.2) 77.2 (65.9 – 85.6) * 2016 74.5 (62.2 – 83.8) 73.3 (61.0 – 82.8) * 69.4 (59.4 – 77.8) 67.7 (57.5 – 76.5) * 80.2 (68.3 – 88.4) 79.1 (66.4 – 87.9) * 45.8 (38.1 – 53.8) 46.4 (37.7 – 55.3) * Nepal 2007 93.8 (80.8 – 98.2) * * 92.0 (77.5 – 97.4) * * – – – 90.2 (79.4 – 95.7) 92.9 (80.4 – 97.7) * Sri Lanka 2011 * * * * * * – – – 83.8 (72.5 – 91.0) 86.4 (74.5 – 93.2) * 2015 * * * * * * * * * * * * Thailand 2005 83.3 (78.8 – 86.9) 84.3 (79.9 – 87.9) 82.6 (73.6 – 89.0) 72.3 (63.2 – 79.9) 75.5 (69.4 – 80.7) 70.9 (53.2 – 84.0) – – – 89.2 (85.3 – 92.2) 90.0 (88.0 – 91.0) 94.5 (93.6 – 95.3) 2009 87.2 (81.4 – 91.4) 88.8 (82.5 – 93.0) 76.0 (65.7 – 83.9) 75.5 (69.2 – 80.8) 76.9 (70.3 – 82.4) 63.6 (48.3 – 76.5) – – – 86.9 (83.2 – 89.9) 87.1 (82.6 – 90.5) 85.0 (77.5 – 90.3) 2015 79.4 (70.0 – 86.3) 80.4 (65.9 – 89.7) * 72.2 (59.8 – 81.9) 74.4 (57.8 – 86.1) * 81.1 (65.6 – 90.6) 80.9 (63.3 – 91.2) 81.5 (52.3 – 94.6) 29.3 (22.5 – 37.2) 28.8 (22.0 – 36.8) 30.5 (19.3 – 44.5) Timor–Leste 2006 73.6 (58.8 – 84.5) 72.1 (55.4 – 84.4) * 73.7 (63.9 – 81.5) 73.0 (62.0 – 81.8) * 71.4 (57.1 – 82.4) 68.4 (52.0 – 81.2) 81.0 (64.4 – 91.0) – – – 2009 79.1 (72.4 – 84.6) 84.6 (70.9 – 92.5) * * * * 81.1 (67.0 – 90.0) 83.5 (65.5 – 93.1) * – – – 2013 61.1 (51.2 – 70.1) 62.6 (51.8 – 72.2) 55.4 (38.0 – 71.5) 67.8 (59.4 – 75.1) 70.0 (61.6 – 77.2) 57.2 (37.2 – 75.1) 72.2 (62.5 – 80.3) 72.8 (61.5 – 81.8) 69.4 (53.7 – 81.6) 31.5 (23.1 – 41.3) 31.0 (22.2 – 41.4) 34.2 (20.8 – 50.8) Cessation Message from the Regional Director Tobacco use is estimated to cause more than 1.5 million deaths each year in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Most of these deaths are from noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer or chronic respiratory disease. Tobacco control is thus an integral component of overall NCD control, and for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal target of reducing premature mortality from NCDs by one-third by 2030. As part of this, each of the Region’s Member States has committed to a relative reduction of 30% in the prevalence of current tobacco use by 2025 compared to 2010 baseline levels. Therefore, along with other partners in health development, WHO is committed to help Member States in monitoring and tracking progress towards tobacco control. Notably, most current adult tobacco users initiate tobacco use during adolescence. This makes the monitoring and prevention of tobacco use among adolescents of great importance. Since the late 1990s, WHO, along with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), has supported the implementation of nationally representative Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) every 3-5 years among school-going adolescents (13-15 years of age). GYTS are a component of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, and a global standard for systematically monitoring smoking and smokeless tobacco use among youth, as well as tracking key tobacco control indicators. Since 2012 the data from these surveys have been regularly published in brochure format for wider dissemination to help inform national policies and programmes. As such, I am pleased to launch this 3rd edition of the brochure. While the first edition –published in 2012 – provided the baseline, this updated edition includes data from additional Global Youth Tobacco Surveys implemented since the publication of the 2nd edition in 2014. The brochure provides a quick comparative snapshot of key youth tobacco use indicators and helps to assess the progress made in the last 10-15 years. To this end, all efforts have been made to collect, compile, analyze and present the most updated and comparable data for each specified indicator obtained through GYTS. It is hoped that this brochure will facilitate the wider dissemination of data from these surveys among all stakeholders, and will help foster discussion, strengthen alliance-building and renew political commitment at the country level for more effective tobacco control among youth. Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh Regional Director WHO South-East Asia Region The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a component of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS), is a global standard for systematically monitoring youth tobacco use (smoking and smokeless) and tracking key tobacco control indicators. GYTS enhances the capacity of countries to monitor tobacco use among youth; guides national tobacco prevention and control programs; and facilitate comparison of tobacco-related data at the national, regional, and global levels. It also enables countries to fulfill their obligations under the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and WHO MPOWER—a package of selected policy measures. GYTS is a nationally representative school-based survey of students 13 to 15 years of age and is designed to produce cross-sectional estimates for each country. GYTS uses a global standardized methodology including a standardized core questionnaire, sample design, and data collection protocol, producing comparable estimates across countries. A two-stage sample design is used with selection of schools in the first stage with a probability proportional to enrollment size. The classes within selected schools are chosen randomly in the second stage and all students in selected classes are eligible to participate in the survey. The questionnaire includes following topics: tobacco use (smoking and smokeless); cessation; exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS); exposure to pro- and anti-tobacco media; exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion; access and availability to obtain tobacco products; and knowledge and attitudes regarding tobacco. The questionnaire is self- administered anonymously using OCR scannable paper-based bubble sheets. This brochure summarizes data and trends in the selected indicators of youth tobacco control during 2003–2016 in selected Member States of WHO’s South-East Asia Region. The target audience is multi-stake holders of youth tobacco control such as NGOs, government departments, academicians, and researchers. Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) – an introduction Following the publication of the 2nd edition of the brochure on “WHO FCTC indicators related to youth tobacco control” in 2014, this third updated edition includes additional data from Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) conducted between 2014 and mid-2018 in the member states of WHO South-East Asia Region. The brochure provides a comparative snapshot of levels and trends of key indicators related to tobacco control among school going youth in the age group 13 to 15 years of age. The policy makers, programme managers, researchers, and tobacco control advocates will find the rich data presented in brochure useful to promote evidence-informed policies and programs for more effective tobacco control. In addition, these data can help the Member States plan further epidemiological studies as per their need. Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 2003–2016 Monitoring tobacco control among youth in countries of the South-East Asia Region: 2018 For technical information, please contact: Dr Manju Rani, Regional Adviser, Noncommunicable Diseases & Tobacco Surveillance, E-mail: ranim@who.int Mr Naveen Agarwal, Surveillance Management Associate, Noncommunicable Diseases & Tobacco Surveillance, Email: agarwaln@who.int Tobacco use Country Year Current tobacco users1 Current tobacco smokers2 Current smokeless tobacco users3 Current cigarette smokers4 Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 6.9 (4.7 – 10.1) 9.1 (6.7 – 12.1) 5.1 (2.5 – 10.3) – – – 4.9 (2.9 – 8.0) 5.8 (3.5 – 9.3) 4.2 (1.9 – 9.1) 2.0 (1.1 – 3.6) 2.9 (1.7 – 5.0) 1.1 (0.3 – 3.2) 2013 6.9 (4.8 – 9.8) 9.2 (6.1 – 13.5) 2.8 (1.8 – 4.3) 2.9 (1.5 – 5.4) 4.0 (2.0 – 7.7) 1.1 (0.5 – 2.1) 4.5 (2.9 – 7.0) 5.9 (3.5 – 9.7) 2.0 (1.2 – 3.5) 2.1 (0.9 – 4.9) 3.4 (1.5 – 7.1) 0.0 (0.0 – 0.0) Bhutan 2004 17.3 (13.2 – 22.3) 21.7 (15.5 – 29.4) 11.9 (8.1 – 17.3) – – – 7.4 (5.2 – 10.6) 10.0 (6.0 – 16.2) 4.5 (2.8 – 7.4) 10.1 (7.7 – 13.1) 14.6 (10.3 – 20.2) 4.9 (3.2 – 7.4) 2006 20.2 (17.3 – 23.4) 28.6 (23.2 – 34.7) 12.4 (9.6 – 15.8) – – – 10.0 (8.0 – 12.5) 14.5 (10.0 – 20.5) 6.0 (4.3 – 8.3) 12.1 (9.6 – 15.2) 18.3 (13.8 – 23.8) 6.3 (4.1 – 9.6) 2009 18.8 (15.8 – 22.2) 27.6 (22.9 – 32.8) 11.6 (8.9 – 15.0) 13.9 (11.4 – 16.9) 19.7 (15.7 – 24.6) 9.0 (6.9 – 11.8) 9.4 (7.3 – 12.1) 14.1 (10.7 – 18.3) 5.3 (3.4 – 8.2) 12.4 (10.0 – 15.3) 18.3 (13.9 – 23.7) 7.9 (6.0 – 10.4) 2013 30.3 (26.2 – 34.7) 39.0 (33.7 – 44.5) 23.2 (19.0 – 28.0) 16.5 (13.9 – 19.5) 26.3 (21.6 – 31.6) 8.6 (7.0 – 10.6) 21.6 (18.5 – 25.2) 25.0 (21.7 – 28.6) 18.9 (14.6 – 24.1) 14.0 (11.8 – 16.4) 23.1 (19.0 – 27.6) 6.6 (4.8 – 9.0) India 2003 16.9 (15.5 – 18.4) 21.6 (19.6 – 23.7) 9.7 (8.0 – 11.6) 8.1 (7.0 – 9.3) 10.5 (9.1 – 12.2) 4.2 (3.4 – 5.3) 14.0 (12.6 – 15.4) 18.0 (16.0 – 20.1) 7.9 (6.3 – 9.8) 4.2 (3.2 – 5.5) 5.7 (4.4 – 7.5) 1.8 (1.2 – 2.8) 2006 13.7 (11.6 – 16.3) 16.8 (14.2 – 19.9) 9.4 (7.1 – 12.5) 7.0 (5.8 – 8.4) 9.4 (7.6 – 11.6) 3.6 (2.8 – 4.6) 9.4 (7.5 – 11.6) 10.7 (8.6 – 13.2) 7.5 (5.5 – 10.3) 3.8 (3.1 – 4.7) 5.4 (4.3 – 6.7) 1.6 (1.0 – 2.6) 2009 14.6 (13.0 – 16.3) 19.0 (16.8 – 21.4) 8.3 (7.0 – 9.9) 8.1 (7.1 – 9.3) 11.2 (9.7 – 12.9) 3.7 (3.0 – 4.6) 9.0 (7.7 – 10.4) 11.1 (9.3 – 13.1) 6.0 (5.0 – 7.1) 4.4 (3.6 – 5.3) 5.8 (4.6 – 7.3) 2.4 (1.8 – 3.1) Indonesia 2014 20.3 (15.8 – 25.7) 36.2 (28.3 – 44.9) 4.3 (3.0 – 6.1) 19.4 (15.0 – 24.8) 35.3 (27.4 – 44.0) 3.4 (2.2 – 5.3) 2.1 (1.5 – 2.9) 3.0 (2.2 – 4.2) 1.1 (0.7 – 1.8) 18.3 (13.9 – 23.6) 33.9 (26.1 – 42.7) 2.5 (1.4 – 4.3) Maldives 2004 12.1 (8.9 – 16.2) 15.5 (11.1 – 21.2) 6.5 (3.5 – 11.7) – – – – – – 6.9 (4.8 – 9.8) 9.0 (6.4 – 12.6) 3.1 (1.1 – 8.5) 2007 5.9 (4.4 – 7.9) 8.5 (6.0 – 11.8) 3.4 (2.1 – 5.3) – – – – – – 3.8 (2.7 – 5.3) 6.6 (4.6 – 9.6) 0.9 (0.4 – 2.0) 2011 11.2 (8.8 – 14.2) 15.2 (11.6 – 19.6) 6.7 (4.9 – 9.2) 7.9 (6.1 – 10.3) 10.4 (7.9 – 13.5) 5.0 (3.3 – 7.6) 6.2 (4.8 – 7.9) 9.2 (6.7 – 12.6) 2.9 (2.1 – 4.1) 4.3 (3.0 – 6.3) 6.2 (3.6 – 10.4) 2.4 (1.6 – 3.5) Myanmar 2007 15.3 (12.4 – 18.7) 22.5 (18.1 – 27.4) 8.2 (5.9 – 11.3) 11.6 (9.1 – 14.6) 16.8 (13.1 – 21.2) 6.5 (4.5 – 9.3) 6.5 (5.1 – 8.3) 10.3 (7.7 – 13.5) 2.7 (1.9 – 3.9) 4.9 (3.6 – 6.5) 8.5 (6.2 – 11.6) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.6) 2011 18.6 (15.2 – 22.7) 30.0 (24.1 – 36.7) 6.8 (4.8 – 9.6) 13.8 (11.0 – 17.1) 23.5 (18.2 – 29.7) 3.6 (2.5 – 5.4) 9.8 (7.5 – 12.6) 15.2 (11.3 – 20.2) 4.0 (2.8 – 5.6) 6.8 (4.8 – 9.5) 13.0 (8.8 – 18.8) 0.5 (0.2 – 1.5) 2016 13.6 (11.2 – 16.3) 26.3 (21.2 – 32.1) 3.7 (2.5 – 5.3) 10.6 (8.5 – 13.1) 21.1 (16.3 – 26.9) 2.4 (1.6 – 3.6) 5.7 (4.5 – 7.2) 11.0 (8.7 – 13.7) 1.5 (0.9 – 2.5) 8.3 (6.4 – 10.5) 17.0 (12.9 – 22.1) 1.5 (0.8 – 2.6) Nepal 2007 9.4 (7.2 – 12.2) 13.0 (9.8 – 16.9) 5.3 (3.0 – 9.1) 6.3 (4.8 – 8.1) 8.8 (6.6 – 11.5) 3.4 (2.0 – 5.7) 6.1 (4.5 – 8.2) 8.8 (6.3 – 12.1) 2.9 (1.3 – 6.2) 3.9 (2.7 – 5.6) 5.7 (3.9 – 8.3) 1.9 (1.0 – 3.5) 2011 20.4 (16.8 – 24.6) 24.6 (19.6 – 30.3) 16.4 (13.2 – 20.1) 9.0 (6.8 – 11.7) 11.4 (8.2 – 15.6) 6.5 (4.9 – 8.7) 16.2 (13.2 – 19.6) 19.7 (15.7 – 24.5) 12.9 (10.2 – 16.1) 3.1 (2.0 – 4.7) 5.5 (3.3 – 9.2) 0.8 (0.3 – 1.8) Sri Lanka 2003 8.0 (6.2 – 10.3) 9.5 (6.8 – 13.2) 6.1 (4.6 – 8.0) – – – – – – 2.4 (1.5 – 3.7) 3.0 (1.8 – 4.9) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.9) 2007 9.1 (6.8 – 12.2) 12.4 (8.7 – 17.5) 5.8 (3.6 – 9.4) 4.4 (3.0 – 6.4) 5.4 (3.4 – 8.5) 3.4 (2.0 – 5.9) 6.8 (4.9 – 9.4) 9.6 (6.6 – 13.8) 3.9 (2.2 – 6.9) 1.2 (0.5 – 2.9) 1.6 (0.7 – 3.7) 0.9 (0.2 – 3.5) 2011 10.5 (8.9 – 12.4) 15.7 (13.1 – 18.7) 5.4 (4.4 – 6.7) 3.9 (2.9 – 5.1) 5.5 (4.1 – 7.5) 2.2 (1.5 – 3.1) 8.5 (7.1 – 10.1) 13.0 (10.7 – 15.7) 4.1 (3.2 – 5.1) 1.5 (1.0 – 2.5) 2.8 (1.7 – 4.6) 0.3 (0.1 – 0.7) 2015 3.7 (2.1 – 6.4) 6.7 (3.6 – 12.0) 0.7 (0.3 – 1.4) 1.7 (0.9 – 3.2) 3.2 (1.6 – 6.2) 0.2 (0.0 – 1.4) 2.4 (1.2 – 4.7) 4.2 (2.0 – 8.9) 0.5 (0.3 – 1.0) 1.5 (0.8 – 2.7) 2.9 (1.5 – 5.5) 0 Thailand 2005 15.7 (13.8 – 17.7) 21.7 (19.4 – 24.2) 8.4 (6.9 – 10.2) – – – – – – 11.7 (10.0 – 13.7) 17.4 (15.2 – 20.0) 4.8 (3.6 – 6.4) 2009 17.9 (15.0 – 21.2) 26.9 (23.1 – 31.1) 9.2 (6.8 – 12.2) – – – 5.7 (3.4 – 9.3) 7.3 (4.5 – 11.5) 4.1 (2.2 – 7.4) 11.7 (10.2 – 13.4) 20.1 (17.4 – 23.1) 3.8 (3.0 – 4.8) 2015 15.0 (11.2 – 19.8) 21.8 (16.8 – 27.8) 8.1 (5.1 – 12.5) 14.0 (10.4 – 18.6) 20.7 (16.0 – 26.3) 7.1 (4.4 – 11.2) 2.7 (2.0 – 3.6) 4.1 (2.8 – 5.9) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.6) 11.3 (8.2 – 15.3) 17.2 (12.9 – 22.5) 5.2 (3.1 – 8.6) Timor–Leste 2006 41.0 (33.8 – 48.6) 54.5 (46.4 – 62.3) 29.8 (21.3 – 40.1) – – – – – – 32.4 (25.5 – 40.2) 50.6 (41.6 – 59.6) 17.3 (10.7 – 26.8) 2009 31.1 (25.1 – 37.9) 39.7 (30.8 – 49.2) 23.8 (16.9 – 32.3) – – – – – – 24.6 (18.2 – 32.4) 38.2 (27.3 – 50.4) 14.6 (9.0 – 22.7) 2013 42.4 (35.2 – 49.9) 65.5 (53.6 – 75.8) 23.9 (19.5 – 29.0) 35.0 (28.9 – 41.6) 61.4 (48.1 – 73.2) 15.4 (12.0 – 19.5) 8.4 (6.6 – 10.7) 7.7 (5.0 – 11.5) 9.3 (6.8 – 12.5) 28.9 (22.1 – 36.9) 53.5 (38.5 – 69.0) 11.0 (7.6 – 15.7) Country Year Current smokers who tried to stop smoking in the past 12 months Current smokers who want to stop smoking now Current smokers who thought they would be able to stop smoking if they wanted to Current smokers who have ever received help/advice from a programme or professional to stop smoking Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 85.0 (57.2 – 96.0) 92.6 (73.4 – 98.2) * 70.7 (45.4 – 87.5) 89.5 (63.3 – 97.7) * 88.1 (64.9 – 96.8) * * 90.1 (71.6 – 97.0) 84.0 (58.7 – 95.1) * 2013 35.4 (10.5 – 71.9) 35.4 (10.5 – 71.9) * 59.9 (20.3 – 89.7) 59.9 (20.3 – 89.7) * 86.1 (63.0 – 95.8) 85.9 (62.6 – 95.7) * 8.9 (2.3 – 28.8) 6.4 (1.4 – 25.1) * Bhutan 2004 81.8 (69.9 – 89.7) * * 87.0 (69.7 – 95.1) * * 84.4 (71.0 – 92.3) * * – – – 2006 85.4 (72.4 – 92.9) 82.7 (70.2 – 90.7) * 91.7 (81.0 – 96.7) 89.1 (76.6 – 95.3) * 88.1 (77.5 – 94.0) 91.2 (73.4 – 97.5) * – – – 2009 84.1 (71.6 – 91.8) 83.2 (65.2 – 92.9) 84.2 (65.1 – 93.8) 79.1 (63.6 – 89.2) 79.5 (62.7 – 90.0) * 77.1 (63.7 – 86.6) 76.4 (59.2 – 87.8) * – – – 2013 83.1 (72.3 – 90.2) 82.1 (71.4 – 89.3) * 81.8 (65.3 – 91.5) 87.4 (74.7 – 94.2) * 83.8 (74.4 – 90.2) 87.3 (76.8 – 93.5) * 25.3 (22.0 – 28.9) 23.9 (19.0 – 29.7) 29.1 (19.0 – 41.8) India 2003 71.8 (59.6 – 81.5) – – 69.4 (62.4 – 75.7) – – – – – 84.6 (78.1 – 89.4) – – 2006 55.5 (44.0 – 66.4) 57.0 (44.0 – 69.1) 48.3 (29.5 – 67.6) 70.3 (61.6 – 77.8) 70.0 (60.6 – 77.9) 72.2 (49.7 – 87.3) – – – 81.8 (74.9 – 87.1) 82.9 (75.8 – 88.3) 76.2 (59.3 – 87.6) 2009 67.2 (54.0 – 78.1) 69.1 (54.6 – 80.6) 60.2 (45.6 – 73.2) 66.1 (57.0 – 74.1) 64.0 (52.2 – 74.4) 71.6 (56.5 – 83.1) – – – 94.3 (88.1 – 97.4) 93.9 (85.6 – 97.6) 95.5 (85.5 – 98.7) Indonesia 2014 81.8 (76.6 – 86.0) 81.5 (75.9 – 86.1) 84.4 (68.9 – 93.0) 88.2 (84.1 – 91.4) 87.8 (83.6 – 91.0) 94.0 (76.5 – 98.7) 91.8 (87.1 – 94.9) 91.8 (86.8 – 95.1) 90.5 (78.3 – 96.2) 24.0 (19.1 – 29.6) 23.0 (18.2 – 28.6) 39.7 (26.1 – 55.1) Maldives 2007 54.4 (32.4 – 74.8) 54.1 (32.5 – 74.3) * 65.0 (46.9 – 79.6) 69.1 (46.1 – 85.4) * – – – – – – 2011 – – – – – – * * * 79.0 (64.6 – 88.6) 86.3 (70.5 – 91.2) * Myanmar 2007 88.1 (78.8 – 93.6) 86.3 (75.7 – 92.7) * 83.0 (66.8 – 92.2) * – – – – 82.2 (69.5 – 90.3) 80.3 (65.8 – 89.6) * 2011 89.1 (76.2 – 95.5) 88.6 (75.7 – 95.1) * 90.1 (77.2 – 96.1) 89.6 (76.0 – 95.9) * – – – 76.4 (64.7 – 85.2) 77.2 (65.9 – 85.6) * 2016 74.5 (62.2 – 83.8) 73.3 (61.0 – 82.8) * 69.4 (59.4 – 77.8) 67.7 (57.5 – 76.5) * 80.2 (68.3 – 88.4) 79.1 (66.4 – 87.9) * 45.8 (38.1 – 53.8) 46.4 (37.7 – 55.3) * Nepal 2007 93.8 (80.8 – 98.2) * * 92.0 (77.5 – 97.4) * * – – – 90.2 (79.4 – 95.7) 92.9 (80.4 – 97.7) * Sri Lanka 2011 * * * * * * – – – 83.8 (72.5 – 91.0) 86.4 (74.5 – 93.2) * 2015 * * * * * * * * * * * * Thailand 2005 83.3 (78.8 – 86.9) 84.3 (79.9 – 87.9) 82.6 (73.6 – 89.0) 72.3 (63.2 – 79.9) 75.5 (69.4 – 80.7) 70.9 (53.2 – 84.0) – – – 89.2 (85.3 – 92.2) 90.0 (88.0 – 91.0) 94.5 (93.6 – 95.3) 2009 87.2 (81.4 – 91.4) 88.8 (82.5 – 93.0) 76.0 (65.7 – 83.9) 75.5 (69.2 – 80.8) 76.9 (70.3 – 82.4) 63.6 (48.3 – 76.5) – – – 86.9 (83.2 – 89.9) 87.1 (82.6 – 90.5) 85.0 (77.5 – 90.3) 2015 79.4 (70.0 – 86.3) 80.4 (65.9 – 89.7) * 72.2 (59.8 – 81.9) 74.4 (57.8 – 86.1) * 81.1 (65.6 – 90.6) 80.9 (63.3 – 91.2) 81.5 (52.3 – 94.6) 29.3 (22.5 – 37.2) 28.8 (22.0 – 36.8) 30.5 (19.3 – 44.5) Timor–Leste 2006 73.6 (58.8 – 84.5) 72.1 (55.4 – 84.4) * 73.7 (63.9 – 81.5) 73.0 (62.0 – 81.8) * 71.4 (57.1 – 82.4) 68.4 (52.0 – 81.2) 81.0 (64.4 – 91.0) – – – 2009 79.1 (72.4 – 84.6) 84.6 (70.9 – 92.5) * * * * 81.1 (67.0 – 90.0) 83.5 (65.5 – 93.1) * – – – 2013 61.1 (51.2 – 70.1) 62.6 (51.8 – 72.2) 55.4 (38.0 – 71.5) 67.8 (59.4 – 75.1) 70.0 (61.6 – 77.2) 57.2 (37.2 – 75.1) 72.2 (62.5 – 80.3) 72.8 (61.5 – 81.8) 69.4 (53.7 – 81.6) 31.5 (23.1 – 41.3) 31.0 (22.2 – 41.4) 34.2 (20.8 – 50.8) Cessation Message from the Regional Director Tobacco use is estimated to cause more than 1.5 million deaths each year in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Most of these deaths are from noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer or chronic respiratory disease. Tobacco control is thus an integral component of overall NCD control, and for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal target of reducing premature mortality from NCDs by one-third by 2030. As part of this, each of the Region’s Member States has committed to a relative reduction of 30% in the prevalence of current tobacco use by 2025 compared to 2010 baseline levels. Therefore, along with other partners in health development, WHO is committed to help Member States in monitoring and tracking progress towards tobacco control. Notably, most current adult tobacco users initiate tobacco use during adolescence. This makes the monitoring and prevention of tobacco use among adolescents of great importance. Since the late 1990s, WHO, along with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), has supported the implementation of nationally representative Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) every 3-5 years among school-going adolescents (13-15 years of age). GYTS are a component of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, and a global standard for systematically monitoring smoking and smokeless tobacco use among youth, as well as tracking key tobacco control indicators. Since 2012 the data from these surveys have been regularly published in brochure format for wider dissemination to help inform national policies and programmes. As such, I am pleased to launch this 3rd edition of the brochure. While the first edition –published in 2012 – provided the baseline, this updated edition includes data from additional Global Youth Tobacco Surveys implemented since the publication of the 2nd edition in 2014. The brochure provides a quick comparative snapshot of key youth tobacco use indicators and helps to assess the progress made in the last 10-15 years. To this end, all efforts have been made to collect, compile, analyze and present the most updated and comparable data for each specified indicator obtained through GYTS. It is hoped that this brochure will facilitate the wider dissemination of data from these surveys among all stakeholders, and will help foster discussion, strengthen alliance-building and renew political commitment at the country level for more effective tobacco control among youth. Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh Regional Director WHO South-East Asia Region The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a component of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS), is a global standard for systematically monitoring youth tobacco use (smoking and smokeless) and tracking key tobacco control indicators. GYTS enhances the capacity of countries to monitor tobacco use among youth; guides national tobacco prevention and control programs; and facilitate comparison of tobacco-related data at the national, regional, and global levels. It also enables countries to fulfill their obligations under the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and WHO MPOWER—a package of selected policy measures. GYTS is a nationally representative school-based survey of students 13 to 15 years of age and is designed to produce cross-sectional estimates for each country. GYTS uses a global standardized methodology including a standardized core questionnaire, sample design, and data collection protocol, producing comparable estimates across countries. A two-stage sample design is used with selection of schools in the first stage with a probability proportional to enrollment size. The classes within selected schools are chosen randomly in the second stage and all students in selected classes are eligible to participate in the survey. The questionnaire includes following topics: tobacco use (smoking and smokeless); cessation; exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS); exposure to pro- and anti-tobacco media; exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion; access and availability to obtain tobacco products; and knowledge and attitudes regarding tobacco. The questionnaire is self- administered anonymously using OCR scannable paper-based bubble sheets. This brochure summarizes data and trends in the selected indicators of youth tobacco control during 2003–2016 in selected Member States of WHO’s South-East Asia Region. The target audience is multi-stake holders of youth tobacco control such as NGOs, government departments, academicians, and researchers. Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) – an introduction Following the publication of the 2nd edition of the brochure on “WHO FCTC indicators related to youth tobacco control” in 2014, this third updated edition includes additional data from Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) conducted between 2014 and mid-2018 in the member states of WHO South-East Asia Region. The brochure provides a comparative snapshot of levels and trends of key indicators related to tobacco control among school going youth in the age group 13 to 15 years of age. The policy makers, programme managers, researchers, and tobacco control advocates will find the rich data presented in brochure useful to promote evidence-informed policies and programs for more effective tobacco control. In addition, these data can help the Member States plan further epidemiological studies as per their need. Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 2003–2016 Monitoring tobacco control among youth in countries of the South-East Asia Region: 2018 For technical information, please contact: Dr Manju Rani, Regional Adviser, Noncommunicable Diseases & Tobacco Surveillance, E-mail: ranim@who.int Mr Naveen Agarwal, Surveillance Management Associate, Noncommunicable Diseases & Tobacco Surveillance, Email: agarwaln@who.int Tobacco use Country Year Current tobacco users1 Current tobacco smokers2 Current smokeless tobacco users3 Current cigarette smokers4 Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 6.9 (4.7 – 10.1) 9.1 (6.7 – 12.1) 5.1 (2.5 – 10.3) – – – 4.9 (2.9 – 8.0) 5.8 (3.5 – 9.3) 4.2 (1.9 – 9.1) 2.0 (1.1 – 3.6) 2.9 (1.7 – 5.0) 1.1 (0.3 – 3.2) 2013 6.9 (4.8 – 9.8) 9.2 (6.1 – 13.5) 2.8 (1.8 – 4.3) 2.9 (1.5 – 5.4) 4.0 (2.0 – 7.7) 1.1 (0.5 – 2.1) 4.5 (2.9 – 7.0) 5.9 (3.5 – 9.7) 2.0 (1.2 – 3.5) 2.1 (0.9 – 4.9) 3.4 (1.5 – 7.1) 0.0 (0.0 – 0.0) Bhutan 2004 17.3 (13.2 – 22.3) 21.7 (15.5 – 29.4) 11.9 (8.1 – 17.3) – – – 7.4 (5.2 – 10.6) 10.0 (6.0 – 16.2) 4.5 (2.8 – 7.4) 10.1 (7.7 – 13.1) 14.6 (10.3 – 20.2) 4.9 (3.2 – 7.4) 2006 20.2 (17.3 – 23.4) 28.6 (23.2 – 34.7) 12.4 (9.6 – 15.8) – – – 10.0 (8.0 – 12.5) 14.5 (10.0 – 20.5) 6.0 (4.3 – 8.3) 12.1 (9.6 – 15.2) 18.3 (13.8 – 23.8) 6.3 (4.1 – 9.6) 2009 18.8 (15.8 – 22.2) 27.6 (22.9 – 32.8) 11.6 (8.9 – 15.0) 13.9 (11.4 – 16.9) 19.7 (15.7 – 24.6) 9.0 (6.9 – 11.8) 9.4 (7.3 – 12.1) 14.1 (10.7 – 18.3) 5.3 (3.4 – 8.2) 12.4 (10.0 – 15.3) 18.3 (13.9 – 23.7) 7.9 (6.0 – 10.4) 2013 30.3 (26.2 – 34.7) 39.0 (33.7 – 44.5) 23.2 (19.0 – 28.0) 16.5 (13.9 – 19.5) 26.3 (21.6 – 31.6) 8.6 (7.0 – 10.6) 21.6 (18.5 – 25.2) 25.0 (21.7 – 28.6) 18.9 (14.6 – 24.1) 14.0 (11.8 – 16.4) 23.1 (19.0 – 27.6) 6.6 (4.8 – 9.0) India 2003 16.9 (15.5 – 18.4) 21.6 (19.6 – 23.7) 9.7 (8.0 – 11.6) 8.1 (7.0 – 9.3) 10.5 (9.1 – 12.2) 4.2 (3.4 – 5.3) 14.0 (12.6 – 15.4) 18.0 (16.0 – 20.1) 7.9 (6.3 – 9.8) 4.2 (3.2 – 5.5) 5.7 (4.4 – 7.5) 1.8 (1.2 – 2.8) 2006 13.7 (11.6 – 16.3) 16.8 (14.2 – 19.9) 9.4 (7.1 – 12.5) 7.0 (5.8 – 8.4) 9.4 (7.6 – 11.6) 3.6 (2.8 – 4.6) 9.4 (7.5 – 11.6) 10.7 (8.6 – 13.2) 7.5 (5.5 – 10.3) 3.8 (3.1 – 4.7) 5.4 (4.3 – 6.7) 1.6 (1.0 – 2.6) 2009 14.6 (13.0 – 16.3) 19.0 (16.8 – 21.4) 8.3 (7.0 – 9.9) 8.1 (7.1 – 9.3) 11.2 (9.7 – 12.9) 3.7 (3.0 – 4.6) 9.0 (7.7 – 10.4) 11.1 (9.3 – 13.1) 6.0 (5.0 – 7.1) 4.4 (3.6 – 5.3) 5.8 (4.6 – 7.3) 2.4 (1.8 – 3.1) Indonesia 2014 20.3 (15.8 – 25.7) 36.2 (28.3 – 44.9) 4.3 (3.0 – 6.1) 19.4 (15.0 – 24.8) 35.3 (27.4 – 44.0) 3.4 (2.2 – 5.3) 2.1 (1.5 – 2.9) 3.0 (2.2 – 4.2) 1.1 (0.7 – 1.8) 18.3 (13.9 – 23.6) 33.9 (26.1 – 42.7) 2.5 (1.4 – 4.3) Maldives 2004 12.1 (8.9 – 16.2) 15.5 (11.1 – 21.2) 6.5 (3.5 – 11.7) – – – – – – 6.9 (4.8 – 9.8) 9.0 (6.4 – 12.6) 3.1 (1.1 – 8.5) 2007 5.9 (4.4 – 7.9) 8.5 (6.0 – 11.8) 3.4 (2.1 – 5.3) – – – – – – 3.8 (2.7 – 5.3) 6.6 (4.6 – 9.6) 0.9 (0.4 – 2.0) 2011 11.2 (8.8 – 14.2) 15.2 (11.6 – 19.6) 6.7 (4.9 – 9.2) 7.9 (6.1 – 10.3) 10.4 (7.9 – 13.5) 5.0 (3.3 – 7.6) 6.2 (4.8 – 7.9) 9.2 (6.7 – 12.6) 2.9 (2.1 – 4.1) 4.3 (3.0 – 6.3) 6.2 (3.6 – 10.4) 2.4 (1.6 – 3.5) Myanmar 2007 15.3 (12.4 – 18.7) 22.5 (18.1 – 27.4) 8.2 (5.9 – 11.3) 11.6 (9.1 – 14.6) 16.8 (13.1 – 21.2) 6.5 (4.5 – 9.3) 6.5 (5.1 – 8.3) 10.3 (7.7 – 13.5) 2.7 (1.9 – 3.9) 4.9 (3.6 – 6.5) 8.5 (6.2 – 11.6) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.6) 2011 18.6 (15.2 – 22.7) 30.0 (24.1 – 36.7) 6.8 (4.8 – 9.6) 13.8 (11.0 – 17.1) 23.5 (18.2 – 29.7) 3.6 (2.5 – 5.4) 9.8 (7.5 – 12.6) 15.2 (11.3 – 20.2) 4.0 (2.8 – 5.6) 6.8 (4.8 – 9.5) 13.0 (8.8 – 18.8) 0.5 (0.2 – 1.5) 2016 13.6 (11.2 – 16.3) 26.3 (21.2 – 32.1) 3.7 (2.5 – 5.3) 10.6 (8.5 – 13.1) 21.1 (16.3 – 26.9) 2.4 (1.6 – 3.6) 5.7 (4.5 – 7.2) 11.0 (8.7 – 13.7) 1.5 (0.9 – 2.5) 8.3 (6.4 – 10.5) 17.0 (12.9 – 22.1) 1.5 (0.8 – 2.6) Nepal 2007 9.4 (7.2 – 12.2) 13.0 (9.8 – 16.9) 5.3 (3.0 – 9.1) 6.3 (4.8 – 8.1) 8.8 (6.6 – 11.5) 3.4 (2.0 – 5.7) 6.1 (4.5 – 8.2) 8.8 (6.3 – 12.1) 2.9 (1.3 – 6.2) 3.9 (2.7 – 5.6) 5.7 (3.9 – 8.3) 1.9 (1.0 – 3.5) 2011 20.4 (16.8 – 24.6) 24.6 (19.6 – 30.3) 16.4 (13.2 – 20.1) 9.0 (6.8 – 11.7) 11.4 (8.2 – 15.6) 6.5 (4.9 – 8.7) 16.2 (13.2 – 19.6) 19.7 (15.7 – 24.5) 12.9 (10.2 – 16.1) 3.1 (2.0 – 4.7) 5.5 (3.3 – 9.2) 0.8 (0.3 – 1.8) Sri Lanka 2003 8.0 (6.2 – 10.3) 9.5 (6.8 – 13.2) 6.1 (4.6 – 8.0) – – – – – – 2.4 (1.5 – 3.7) 3.0 (1.8 – 4.9) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.9) 2007 9.1 (6.8 – 12.2) 12.4 (8.7 – 17.5) 5.8 (3.6 – 9.4) 4.4 (3.0 – 6.4) 5.4 (3.4 – 8.5) 3.4 (2.0 – 5.9) 6.8 (4.9 – 9.4) 9.6 (6.6 – 13.8) 3.9 (2.2 – 6.9) 1.2 (0.5 – 2.9) 1.6 (0.7 – 3.7) 0.9 (0.2 – 3.5) 2011 10.5 (8.9 – 12.4) 15.7 (13.1 – 18.7) 5.4 (4.4 – 6.7) 3.9 (2.9 – 5.1) 5.5 (4.1 – 7.5) 2.2 (1.5 – 3.1) 8.5 (7.1 – 10.1) 13.0 (10.7 – 15.7) 4.1 (3.2 – 5.1) 1.5 (1.0 – 2.5) 2.8 (1.7 – 4.6) 0.3 (0.1 – 0.7) 2015 3.7 (2.1 – 6.4) 6.7 (3.6 – 12.0) 0.7 (0.3 – 1.4) 1.7 (0.9 – 3.2) 3.2 (1.6 – 6.2) 0.2 (0.0 – 1.4) 2.4 (1.2 – 4.7) 4.2 (2.0 – 8.9) 0.5 (0.3 – 1.0) 1.5 (0.8 – 2.7) 2.9 (1.5 – 5.5) 0 Thailand 2005 15.7 (13.8 – 17.7) 21.7 (19.4 – 24.2) 8.4 (6.9 – 10.2) – – – – – – 11.7 (10.0 – 13.7) 17.4 (15.2 – 20.0) 4.8 (3.6 – 6.4) 2009 17.9 (15.0 – 21.2) 26.9 (23.1 – 31.1) 9.2 (6.8 – 12.2) – – – 5.7 (3.4 – 9.3) 7.3 (4.5 – 11.5) 4.1 (2.2 – 7.4) 11.7 (10.2 – 13.4) 20.1 (17.4 – 23.1) 3.8 (3.0 – 4.8) 2015 15.0 (11.2 – 19.8) 21.8 (16.8 – 27.8) 8.1 (5.1 – 12.5) 14.0 (10.4 – 18.6) 20.7 (16.0 – 26.3) 7.1 (4.4 – 11.2) 2.7 (2.0 – 3.6) 4.1 (2.8 – 5.9) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.6) 11.3 (8.2 – 15.3) 17.2 (12.9 – 22.5) 5.2 (3.1 – 8.6) Timor–Leste 2006 41.0 (33.8 – 48.6) 54.5 (46.4 – 62.3) 29.8 (21.3 – 40.1) – – – – – – 32.4 (25.5 – 40.2) 50.6 (41.6 – 59.6) 17.3 (10.7 – 26.8) 2009 31.1 (25.1 – 37.9) 39.7 (30.8 – 49.2) 23.8 (16.9 – 32.3) – – – – – – 24.6 (18.2 – 32.4) 38.2 (27.3 – 50.4) 14.6 (9.0 – 22.7) 2013 42.4 (35.2 – 49.9) 65.5 (53.6 – 75.8) 23.9 (19.5 – 29.0) 35.0 (28.9 – 41.6) 61.4 (48.1 – 73.2) 15.4 (12.0 – 19.5) 8.4 (6.6 – 10.7) 7.7 (5.0 – 11.5) 9.3 (6.8 – 12.5) 28.9 (22.1 – 36.9) 53.5 (38.5 – 69.0) 11.0 (7.6 – 15.7) Country Year Current smokers who tried to stop smoking in the past 12 months Current smokers who want to stop smoking now Current smokers who thought they would be able to stop smoking if they wanted to Current smokers who have ever received help/advice from a programme or professional to stop smoking Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 85.0 (57.2 – 96.0) 92.6 (73.4 – 98.2) * 70.7 (45.4 – 87.5) 89.5 (63.3 – 97.7) * 88.1 (64.9 – 96.8) * * 90.1 (71.6 – 97.0) 84.0 (58.7 – 95.1) * 2013 35.4 (10.5 – 71.9) 35.4 (10.5 – 71.9) * 59.9 (20.3 – 89.7) 59.9 (20.3 – 89.7) * 86.1 (63.0 – 95.8) 85.9 (62.6 – 95.7) * 8.9 (2.3 – 28.8) 6.4 (1.4 – 25.1) * Bhutan 2004 81.8 (69.9 – 89.7) * * 87.0 (69.7 – 95.1) * * 84.4 (71.0 – 92.3) * * – – – 2006 85.4 (72.4 – 92.9) 82.7 (70.2 – 90.7) * 91.7 (81.0 – 96.7) 89.1 (76.6 – 95.3) * 88.1 (77.5 – 94.0) 91.2 (73.4 – 97.5) * – – – 2009 84.1 (71.6 – 91.8) 83.2 (65.2 – 92.9) 84.2 (65.1 – 93.8) 79.1 (63.6 – 89.2) 79.5 (62.7 – 90.0) * 77.1 (63.7 – 86.6) 76.4 (59.2 – 87.8) * – – – 2013 83.1 (72.3 – 90.2) 82.1 (71.4 – 89.3) * 81.8 (65.3 – 91.5) 87.4 (74.7 – 94.2) * 83.8 (74.4 – 90.2) 87.3 (76.8 – 93.5) * 25.3 (22.0 – 28.9) 23.9 (19.0 – 29.7) 29.1 (19.0 – 41.8) India 2003 71.8 (59.6 – 81.5) – – 69.4 (62.4 – 75.7) – – – – – 84.6 (78.1 – 89.4) – – 2006 55.5 (44.0 – 66.4) 57.0 (44.0 – 69.1) 48.3 (29.5 – 67.6) 70.3 (61.6 – 77.8) 70.0 (60.6 – 77.9) 72.2 (49.7 – 87.3) – – – 81.8 (74.9 – 87.1) 82.9 (75.8 – 88.3) 76.2 (59.3 – 87.6) 2009 67.2 (54.0 – 78.1) 69.1 (54.6 – 80.6) 60.2 (45.6 – 73.2) 66.1 (57.0 – 74.1) 64.0 (52.2 – 74.4) 71.6 (56.5 – 83.1) – – – 94.3 (88.1 – 97.4) 93.9 (85.6 – 97.6) 95.5 (85.5 – 98.7) Indonesia 2014 81.8 (76.6 – 86.0) 81.5 (75.9 – 86.1) 84.4 (68.9 – 93.0) 88.2 (84.1 – 91.4) 87.8 (83.6 – 91.0) 94.0 (76.5 – 98.7) 91.8 (87.1 – 94.9) 91.8 (86.8 – 95.1) 90.5 (78.3 – 96.2) 24.0 (19.1 – 29.6) 23.0 (18.2 – 28.6) 39.7 (26.1 – 55.1) Maldives 2007 54.4 (32.4 – 74.8) 54.1 (32.5 – 74.3) * 65.0 (46.9 – 79.6) 69.1 (46.1 – 85.4) * – – – – – – 2011 – – – – – – * * * 79.0 (64.6 – 88.6) 86.3 (70.5 – 91.2) * Myanmar 2007 88.1 (78.8 – 93.6) 86.3 (75.7 – 92.7) * 83.0 (66.8 – 92.2) * – – – – 82.2 (69.5 – 90.3) 80.3 (65.8 – 89.6) * 2011 89.1 (76.2 – 95.5) 88.6 (75.7 – 95.1) * 90.1 (77.2 – 96.1) 89.6 (76.0 – 95.9) * – – – 76.4 (64.7 – 85.2) 77.2 (65.9 – 85.6) * 2016 74.5 (62.2 – 83.8) 73.3 (61.0 – 82.8) * 69.4 (59.4 – 77.8) 67.7 (57.5 – 76.5) * 80.2 (68.3 – 88.4) 79.1 (66.4 – 87.9) * 45.8 (38.1 – 53.8) 46.4 (37.7 – 55.3) * Nepal 2007 93.8 (80.8 – 98.2) * * 92.0 (77.5 – 97.4) * * – – – 90.2 (79.4 – 95.7) 92.9 (80.4 – 97.7) * Sri Lanka 2011 * * * * * * – – – 83.8 (72.5 – 91.0) 86.4 (74.5 – 93.2) * 2015 * * * * * * * * * * * * Thailand 2005 83.3 (78.8 – 86.9) 84.3 (79.9 – 87.9) 82.6 (73.6 – 89.0) 72.3 (63.2 – 79.9) 75.5 (69.4 – 80.7) 70.9 (53.2 – 84.0) – – – 89.2 (85.3 – 92.2) 90.0 (88.0 – 91.0) 94.5 (93.6 – 95.3) 2009 87.2 (81.4 – 91.4) 88.8 (82.5 – 93.0) 76.0 (65.7 – 83.9) 75.5 (69.2 – 80.8) 76.9 (70.3 – 82.4) 63.6 (48.3 – 76.5) – – – 86.9 (83.2 – 89.9) 87.1 (82.6 – 90.5) 85.0 (77.5 – 90.3) 2015 79.4 (70.0 – 86.3) 80.4 (65.9 – 89.7) * 72.2 (59.8 – 81.9) 74.4 (57.8 – 86.1) * 81.1 (65.6 – 90.6) 80.9 (63.3 – 91.2) 81.5 (52.3 – 94.6) 29.3 (22.5 – 37.2) 28.8 (22.0 – 36.8) 30.5 (19.3 – 44.5) Timor–Leste 2006 73.6 (58.8 – 84.5) 72.1 (55.4 – 84.4) * 73.7 (63.9 – 81.5) 73.0 (62.0 – 81.8) * 71.4 (57.1 – 82.4) 68.4 (52.0 – 81.2) 81.0 (64.4 – 91.0) – – – 2009 79.1 (72.4 – 84.6) 84.6 (70.9 – 92.5) * * * * 81.1 (67.0 – 90.0) 83.5 (65.5 – 93.1) * – – – 2013 61.1 (51.2 – 70.1) 62.6 (51.8 – 72.2) 55.4 (38.0 – 71.5) 67.8 (59.4 – 75.1) 70.0 (61.6 – 77.2) 57.2 (37.2 – 75.1) 72.2 (62.5 – 80.3) 72.8 (61.5 – 81.8) 69.4 (53.7 – 81.6) 31.5 (23.1 – 41.3) 31.0 (22.2 – 41.4) 34.2 (20.8 – 50.8) Cessation Message from the Regional Director Tobacco use is estimated to cause more than 1.5 million deaths each year in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Most of these deaths are from noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer or chronic respiratory disease. Tobacco control is thus an integral component of overall NCD control, and for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal target of reducing premature mortality from NCDs by one-third by 2030. As part of this, each of the Region’s Member States has committed to a relative reduction of 30% in the prevalence of current tobacco use by 2025 compared to 2010 baseline levels. Therefore, along with other partners in health development, WHO is committed to help Member States in monitoring and tracking progress towards tobacco control. Notably, most current adult tobacco users initiate tobacco use during adolescence. This makes the monitoring and prevention of tobacco use among adolescents of great importance. Since the late 1990s, WHO, along with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), has supported the implementation of nationally representative Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) every 3-5 years among school-going adolescents (13-15 years of age). GYTS are a component of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, and a global standard for systematically monitoring smoking and smokeless tobacco use among youth, as well as tracking key tobacco control indicators. Since 2012 the data from these surveys have been regularly published in brochure format for wider dissemination to help inform national policies and programmes. As such, I am pleased to launch this 3rd edition of the brochure. While the first edition –published in 2012 – provided the baseline, this updated edition includes data from additional Global Youth Tobacco Surveys implemented since the publication of the 2nd edition in 2014. The brochure provides a quick comparative snapshot of key youth tobacco use indicators and helps to assess the progress made in the last 10-15 years. To this end, all efforts have been made to collect, compile, analyze and present the most updated and comparable data for each specified indicator obtained through GYTS. It is hoped that this brochure will facilitate the wider dissemination of data from these surveys among all stakeholders, and will help foster discussion, strengthen alliance-building and renew political commitment at the country level for more effective tobacco control among youth. Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh Regional Director WHO South-East Asia Region The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a component of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS), is a global standard for systematically monitoring youth tobacco use (smoking and smokeless) and tracking key tobacco control indicators. GYTS enhances the capacity of countries to monitor tobacco use among youth; guides national tobacco prevention and control programs; and facilitate comparison of tobacco-related data at the national, regional, and global levels. It also enables countries to fulfill their obligations under the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and WHO MPOWER—a package of selected policy measures. GYTS is a nationally representative school-based survey of students 13 to 15 years of age and is designed to produce cross-sectional estimates for each country. GYTS uses a global standardized methodology including a standardized core questionnaire, sample design, and data collection protocol, producing comparable estimates across countries. A two-stage sample design is used with selection of schools in the first stage with a probability proportional to enrollment size. The classes within selected schools are chosen randomly in the second stage and all students in selected classes are eligible to participate in the survey. The questionnaire includes following topics: tobacco use (smoking and smokeless); cessation; exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS); exposure to pro- and anti-tobacco media; exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion; access and availability to obtain tobacco products; and knowledge and attitudes regarding tobacco. The questionnaire is self- administered anonymously using OCR scannable paper-based bubble sheets. This brochure summarizes data and trends in the selected indicators of youth tobacco control during 2003–2016 in selected Member States of WHO’s South-East Asia Region. The target audience is multi-stake holders of youth tobacco control such as NGOs, government departments, academicians, and researchers. Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) – an introduction Following the publication of the 2nd edition of the brochure on “WHO FCTC indicators related to youth tobacco control” in 2014, this third updated edition includes additional data from Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) conducted between 2014 and mid-2018 in the member states of WHO South-East Asia Region. The brochure provides a comparative snapshot of levels and trends of key indicators related to tobacco control among school going youth in the age group 13 to 15 years of age. The policy makers, programme managers, researchers, and tobacco control advocates will find the rich data presented in brochure useful to promote evidence-informed policies and programs for more effective tobacco control. In addition, these data can help the Member States plan further epidemiological studies as per their need. Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 2003–2016 Monitoring tobacco control among youth in countries of the South-East Asia Region: 2018 For technical information, please contact: Dr Manju Rani, Regional Adviser, Noncommunicable Diseases & Tobacco Surveillance, E-mail: ranim@who.int Mr Naveen Agarwal, Surveillance Management Associate, Noncommunicable Diseases & Tobacco Surveillance, Email: agarwaln@who.int Tobacco use Country Year Current tobacco users1 Current tobacco smokers2 Current smokeless tobacco users3 Current cigarette smokers4 Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 6.9 (4.7 – 10.1) 9.1 (6.7 – 12.1) 5.1 (2.5 – 10.3) – – – 4.9 (2.9 – 8.0) 5.8 (3.5 – 9.3) 4.2 (1.9 – 9.1) 2.0 (1.1 – 3.6) 2.9 (1.7 – 5.0) 1.1 (0.3 – 3.2) 2013 6.9 (4.8 – 9.8) 9.2 (6.1 – 13.5) 2.8 (1.8 – 4.3) 2.9 (1.5 – 5.4) 4.0 (2.0 – 7.7) 1.1 (0.5 – 2.1) 4.5 (2.9 – 7.0) 5.9 (3.5 – 9.7) 2.0 (1.2 – 3.5) 2.1 (0.9 – 4.9) 3.4 (1.5 – 7.1) 0.0 (0.0 – 0.0) Bhutan 2004 17.3 (13.2 – 22.3) 21.7 (15.5 – 29.4) 11.9 (8.1 – 17.3) – – – 7.4 (5.2 – 10.6) 10.0 (6.0 – 16.2) 4.5 (2.8 – 7.4) 10.1 (7.7 – 13.1) 14.6 (10.3 – 20.2) 4.9 (3.2 – 7.4) 2006 20.2 (17.3 – 23.4) 28.6 (23.2 – 34.7) 12.4 (9.6 – 15.8) – – – 10.0 (8.0 – 12.5) 14.5 (10.0 – 20.5) 6.0 (4.3 – 8.3) 12.1 (9.6 – 15.2) 18.3 (13.8 – 23.8) 6.3 (4.1 – 9.6) 2009 18.8 (15.8 – 22.2) 27.6 (22.9 – 32.8) 11.6 (8.9 – 15.0) 13.9 (11.4 – 16.9) 19.7 (15.7 – 24.6) 9.0 (6.9 – 11.8) 9.4 (7.3 – 12.1) 14.1 (10.7 – 18.3) 5.3 (3.4 – 8.2) 12.4 (10.0 – 15.3) 18.3 (13.9 – 23.7) 7.9 (6.0 – 10.4) 2013 30.3 (26.2 – 34.7) 39.0 (33.7 – 44.5) 23.2 (19.0 – 28.0) 16.5 (13.9 – 19.5) 26.3 (21.6 – 31.6) 8.6 (7.0 – 10.6) 21.6 (18.5 – 25.2) 25.0 (21.7 – 28.6) 18.9 (14.6 – 24.1) 14.0 (11.8 – 16.4) 23.1 (19.0 – 27.6) 6.6 (4.8 – 9.0) India 2003 16.9 (15.5 – 18.4) 21.6 (19.6 – 23.7) 9.7 (8.0 – 11.6) 8.1 (7.0 – 9.3) 10.5 (9.1 – 12.2) 4.2 (3.4 – 5.3) 14.0 (12.6 – 15.4) 18.0 (16.0 – 20.1) 7.9 (6.3 – 9.8) 4.2 (3.2 – 5.5) 5.7 (4.4 – 7.5) 1.8 (1.2 – 2.8) 2006 13.7 (11.6 – 16.3) 16.8 (14.2 – 19.9) 9.4 (7.1 – 12.5) 7.0 (5.8 – 8.4) 9.4 (7.6 – 11.6) 3.6 (2.8 – 4.6) 9.4 (7.5 – 11.6) 10.7 (8.6 – 13.2) 7.5 (5.5 – 10.3) 3.8 (3.1 – 4.7) 5.4 (4.3 – 6.7) 1.6 (1.0 – 2.6) 2009 14.6 (13.0 – 16.3) 19.0 (16.8 – 21.4) 8.3 (7.0 – 9.9) 8.1 (7.1 – 9.3) 11.2 (9.7 – 12.9) 3.7 (3.0 – 4.6) 9.0 (7.7 – 10.4) 11.1 (9.3 – 13.1) 6.0 (5.0 – 7.1) 4.4 (3.6 – 5.3) 5.8 (4.6 – 7.3) 2.4 (1.8 – 3.1) Indonesia 2014 20.3 (15.8 – 25.7) 36.2 (28.3 – 44.9) 4.3 (3.0 – 6.1) 19.4 (15.0 – 24.8) 35.3 (27.4 – 44.0) 3.4 (2.2 – 5.3) 2.1 (1.5 – 2.9) 3.0 (2.2 – 4.2) 1.1 (0.7 – 1.8) 18.3 (13.9 – 23.6) 33.9 (26.1 – 42.7) 2.5 (1.4 – 4.3) Maldives 2004 12.1 (8.9 – 16.2) 15.5 (11.1 – 21.2) 6.5 (3.5 – 11.7) – – – – – – 6.9 (4.8 – 9.8) 9.0 (6.4 – 12.6) 3.1 (1.1 – 8.5) 2007 5.9 (4.4 – 7.9) 8.5 (6.0 – 11.8) 3.4 (2.1 – 5.3) – – – – – – 3.8 (2.7 – 5.3) 6.6 (4.6 – 9.6) 0.9 (0.4 – 2.0) 2011 11.2 (8.8 – 14.2) 15.2 (11.6 – 19.6) 6.7 (4.9 – 9.2) 7.9 (6.1 – 10.3) 10.4 (7.9 – 13.5) 5.0 (3.3 – 7.6) 6.2 (4.8 – 7.9) 9.2 (6.7 – 12.6) 2.9 (2.1 – 4.1) 4.3 (3.0 – 6.3) 6.2 (3.6 – 10.4) 2.4 (1.6 – 3.5) Myanmar 2007 15.3 (12.4 – 18.7) 22.5 (18.1 – 27.4) 8.2 (5.9 – 11.3) 11.6 (9.1 – 14.6) 16.8 (13.1 – 21.2) 6.5 (4.5 – 9.3) 6.5 (5.1 – 8.3) 10.3 (7.7 – 13.5) 2.7 (1.9 – 3.9) 4.9 (3.6 – 6.5) 8.5 (6.2 – 11.6) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.6) 2011 18.6 (15.2 – 22.7) 30.0 (24.1 – 36.7) 6.8 (4.8 – 9.6) 13.8 (11.0 – 17.1) 23.5 (18.2 – 29.7) 3.6 (2.5 – 5.4) 9.8 (7.5 – 12.6) 15.2 (11.3 – 20.2) 4.0 (2.8 – 5.6) 6.8 (4.8 – 9.5) 13.0 (8.8 – 18.8) 0.5 (0.2 – 1.5) 2016 13.6 (11.2 – 16.3) 26.3 (21.2 – 32.1) 3.7 (2.5 – 5.3) 10.6 (8.5 – 13.1) 21.1 (16.3 – 26.9) 2.4 (1.6 – 3.6) 5.7 (4.5 – 7.2) 11.0 (8.7 – 13.7) 1.5 (0.9 – 2.5) 8.3 (6.4 – 10.5) 17.0 (12.9 – 22.1) 1.5 (0.8 – 2.6) Nepal 2007 9.4 (7.2 – 12.2) 13.0 (9.8 – 16.9) 5.3 (3.0 – 9.1) 6.3 (4.8 – 8.1) 8.8 (6.6 – 11.5) 3.4 (2.0 – 5.7) 6.1 (4.5 – 8.2) 8.8 (6.3 – 12.1) 2.9 (1.3 – 6.2) 3.9 (2.7 – 5.6) 5.7 (3.9 – 8.3) 1.9 (1.0 – 3.5) 2011 20.4 (16.8 – 24.6) 24.6 (19.6 – 30.3) 16.4 (13.2 – 20.1) 9.0 (6.8 – 11.7) 11.4 (8.2 – 15.6) 6.5 (4.9 – 8.7) 16.2 (13.2 – 19.6) 19.7 (15.7 – 24.5) 12.9 (10.2 – 16.1) 3.1 (2.0 – 4.7) 5.5 (3.3 – 9.2) 0.8 (0.3 – 1.8) Sri Lanka 2003 8.0 (6.2 – 10.3) 9.5 (6.8 – 13.2) 6.1 (4.6 – 8.0) – – – – – – 2.4 (1.5 – 3.7) 3.0 (1.8 – 4.9) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.9) 2007 9.1 (6.8 – 12.2) 12.4 (8.7 – 17.5) 5.8 (3.6 – 9.4) 4.4 (3.0 – 6.4) 5.4 (3.4 – 8.5) 3.4 (2.0 – 5.9) 6.8 (4.9 – 9.4) 9.6 (6.6 – 13.8) 3.9 (2.2 – 6.9) 1.2 (0.5 – 2.9) 1.6 (0.7 – 3.7) 0.9 (0.2 – 3.5) 2011 10.5 (8.9 – 12.4) 15.7 (13.1 – 18.7) 5.4 (4.4 – 6.7) 3.9 (2.9 – 5.1) 5.5 (4.1 – 7.5) 2.2 (1.5 – 3.1) 8.5 (7.1 – 10.1) 13.0 (10.7 – 15.7) 4.1 (3.2 – 5.1) 1.5 (1.0 – 2.5) 2.8 (1.7 – 4.6) 0.3 (0.1 – 0.7) 2015 3.7 (2.1 – 6.4) 6.7 (3.6 – 12.0) 0.7 (0.3 – 1.4) 1.7 (0.9 – 3.2) 3.2 (1.6 – 6.2) 0.2 (0.0 – 1.4) 2.4 (1.2 – 4.7) 4.2 (2.0 – 8.9) 0.5 (0.3 – 1.0) 1.5 (0.8 – 2.7) 2.9 (1.5 – 5.5) 0 Thailand 2005 15.7 (13.8 – 17.7) 21.7 (19.4 – 24.2) 8.4 (6.9 – 10.2) – – – – – – 11.7 (10.0 – 13.7) 17.4 (15.2 – 20.0) 4.8 (3.6 – 6.4) 2009 17.9 (15.0 – 21.2) 26.9 (23.1 – 31.1) 9.2 (6.8 – 12.2) – – – 5.7 (3.4 – 9.3) 7.3 (4.5 – 11.5) 4.1 (2.2 – 7.4) 11.7 (10.2 – 13.4) 20.1 (17.4 – 23.1) 3.8 (3.0 – 4.8) 2015 15.0 (11.2 – 19.8) 21.8 (16.8 – 27.8) 8.1 (5.1 – 12.5) 14.0 (10.4 – 18.6) 20.7 (16.0 – 26.3) 7.1 (4.4 – 11.2) 2.7 (2.0 – 3.6) 4.1 (2.8 – 5.9) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.6) 11.3 (8.2 – 15.3) 17.2 (12.9 – 22.5) 5.2 (3.1 – 8.6) Timor–Leste 2006 41.0 (33.8 – 48.6) 54.5 (46.4 – 62.3) 29.8 (21.3 – 40.1) – – – – – – 32.4 (25.5 – 40.2) 50.6 (41.6 – 59.6) 17.3 (10.7 – 26.8) 2009 31.1 (25.1 – 37.9) 39.7 (30.8 – 49.2) 23.8 (16.9 – 32.3) – – – – – – 24.6 (18.2 – 32.4) 38.2 (27.3 – 50.4) 14.6 (9.0 – 22.7) 2013 42.4 (35.2 – 49.9) 65.5 (53.6 – 75.8) 23.9 (19.5 – 29.0) 35.0 (28.9 – 41.6) 61.4 (48.1 – 73.2) 15.4 (12.0 – 19.5) 8.4 (6.6 – 10.7) 7.7 (5.0 – 11.5) 9.3 (6.8 – 12.5) 28.9 (22.1 – 36.9) 53.5 (38.5 – 69.0) 11.0 (7.6 – 15.7) Country Year Current smokers who tried to stop smoking in the past 12 months Current smokers who want to stop smoking now Current smokers who thought they would be able to stop smoking if they wanted to Current smokers who have ever received help/advice from a programme or professional to stop smoking Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 85.0 (57.2 – 96.0) 92.6 (73.4 – 98.2) * 70.7 (45.4 – 87.5) 89.5 (63.3 – 97.7) * 88.1 (64.9 – 96.8) * * 90.1 (71.6 – 97.0) 84.0 (58.7 – 95.1) * 2013 35.4 (10.5 – 71.9) 35.4 (10.5 – 71.9) * 59.9 (20.3 – 89.7) 59.9 (20.3 – 89.7) * 86.1 (63.0 – 95.8) 85.9 (62.6 – 95.7) * 8.9 (2.3 – 28.8) 6.4 (1.4 – 25.1) * Bhutan 2004 81.8 (69.9 – 89.7) * * 87.0 (69.7 – 95.1) * * 84.4 (71.0 – 92.3) * * – – – 2006 85.4 (72.4 – 92.9) 82.7 (70.2 – 90.7) * 91.7 (81.0 – 96.7) 89.1 (76.6 – 95.3) * 88.1 (77.5 – 94.0) 91.2 (73.4 – 97.5) * – – – 2009 84.1 (71.6 – 91.8) 83.2 (65.2 – 92.9) 84.2 (65.1 – 93.8) 79.1 (63.6 – 89.2) 79.5 (62.7 – 90.0) * 77.1 (63.7 – 86.6) 76.4 (59.2 – 87.8) * – – – 2013 83.1 (72.3 – 90.2) 82.1 (71.4 – 89.3) * 81.8 (65.3 – 91.5) 87.4 (74.7 – 94.2) * 83.8 (74.4 – 90.2) 87.3 (76.8 – 93.5) * 25.3 (22.0 – 28.9) 23.9 (19.0 – 29.7) 29.1 (19.0 – 41.8) India 2003 71.8 (59.6 – 81.5) – – 69.4 (62.4 – 75.7) – – – – – 84.6 (78.1 – 89.4) – – 2006 55.5 (44.0 – 66.4) 57.0 (44.0 – 69.1) 48.3 (29.5 – 67.6) 70.3 (61.6 – 77.8) 70.0 (60.6 – 77.9) 72.2 (49.7 – 87.3) – – – 81.8 (74.9 – 87.1) 82.9 (75.8 – 88.3) 76.2 (59.3 – 87.6) 2009 67.2 (54.0 – 78.1) 69.1 (54.6 – 80.6) 60.2 (45.6 – 73.2) 66.1 (57.0 – 74.1) 64.0 (52.2 – 74.4) 71.6 (56.5 – 83.1) – – – 94.3 (88.1 – 97.4) 93.9 (85.6 – 97.6) 95.5 (85.5 – 98.7) Indonesia 2014 81.8 (76.6 – 86.0) 81.5 (75.9 – 86.1) 84.4 (68.9 – 93.0) 88.2 (84.1 – 91.4) 87.8 (83.6 – 91.0) 94.0 (76.5 – 98.7) 91.8 (87.1 – 94.9) 91.8 (86.8 – 95.1) 90.5 (78.3 – 96.2) 24.0 (19.1 – 29.6) 23.0 (18.2 – 28.6) 39.7 (26.1 – 55.1) Maldives 2007 54.4 (32.4 – 74.8) 54.1 (32.5 – 74.3) * 65.0 (46.9 – 79.6) 69.1 (46.1 – 85.4) * – – – – – – 2011 – – – – – – * * * 79.0 (64.6 – 88.6) 86.3 (70.5 – 91.2) * Myanmar 2007 88.1 (78.8 – 93.6) 86.3 (75.7 – 92.7) * 83.0 (66.8 – 92.2) * – – – – 82.2 (69.5 – 90.3) 80.3 (65.8 – 89.6) * 2011 89.1 (76.2 – 95.5) 88.6 (75.7 – 95.1) * 90.1 (77.2 – 96.1) 89.6 (76.0 – 95.9) * – – – 76.4 (64.7 – 85.2) 77.2 (65.9 – 85.6) * 2016 74.5 (62.2 – 83.8) 73.3 (61.0 – 82.8) * 69.4 (59.4 – 77.8) 67.7 (57.5 – 76.5) * 80.2 (68.3 – 88.4) 79.1 (66.4 – 87.9) * 45.8 (38.1 – 53.8) 46.4 (37.7 – 55.3) * Nepal 2007 93.8 (80.8 – 98.2) * * 92.0 (77.5 – 97.4) * * – – – 90.2 (79.4 – 95.7) 92.9 (80.4 – 97.7) * Sri Lanka 2011 * * * * * * – – – 83.8 (72.5 – 91.0) 86.4 (74.5 – 93.2) * 2015 * * * * * * * * * * * * Thailand 2005 83.3 (78.8 – 86.9) 84.3 (79.9 – 87.9) 82.6 (73.6 – 89.0) 72.3 (63.2 – 79.9) 75.5 (69.4 – 80.7) 70.9 (53.2 – 84.0) – – – 89.2 (85.3 – 92.2) 90.0 (88.0 – 91.0) 94.5 (93.6 – 95.3) 2009 87.2 (81.4 – 91.4) 88.8 (82.5 – 93.0) 76.0 (65.7 – 83.9) 75.5 (69.2 – 80.8) 76.9 (70.3 – 82.4) 63.6 (48.3 – 76.5) – – – 86.9 (83.2 – 89.9) 87.1 (82.6 – 90.5) 85.0 (77.5 – 90.3) 2015 79.4 (70.0 – 86.3) 80.4 (65.9 – 89.7) * 72.2 (59.8 – 81.9) 74.4 (57.8 – 86.1) * 81.1 (65.6 – 90.6) 80.9 (63.3 – 91.2) 81.5 (52.3 – 94.6) 29.3 (22.5 – 37.2) 28.8 (22.0 – 36.8) 30.5 (19.3 – 44.5) Timor–Leste 2006 73.6 (58.8 – 84.5) 72.1 (55.4 – 84.4) * 73.7 (63.9 – 81.5) 73.0 (62.0 – 81.8) * 71.4 (57.1 – 82.4) 68.4 (52.0 – 81.2) 81.0 (64.4 – 91.0) – – – 2009 79.1 (72.4 – 84.6) 84.6 (70.9 – 92.5) * * * * 81.1 (67.0 – 90.0) 83.5 (65.5 – 93.1) * – – – 2013 61.1 (51.2 – 70.1) 62.6 (51.8 – 72.2) 55.4 (38.0 – 71.5) 67.8 (59.4 – 75.1) 70.0 (61.6 – 77.2) 57.2 (37.2 – 75.1) 72.2 (62.5 – 80.3) 72.8 (61.5 – 81.8) 69.4 (53.7 – 81.6) 31.5 (23.1 – 41.3) 31.0 (22.2 – 41.4) 34.2 (20.8 – 50.8) Country Year Noticing tobacco advertisements or promotions at point of sale/billboards in the past 30 days7 Noticing pro-cigarette ads in newspapers or magazines or on television, videos, or movies in the past 30 days8 Students who were ever offered a free tobacco product from a tobacco company representative Students who own something with a tobacco brand logo on it9 Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 – – – 84.7 (79.2 – 88.9) 85.4 (81.0 – 88.9) 84.0 (76.2 – 89.6) 6.4 (4.3 – 9.4) 8.6 (5.9 – 12.3) 4.6 (2.8 – 7.5) 12.8 (10.0 – 16.4) 15.3 (10.2 – 22.2) 10.9 (7.4 – 15.7) 2013 52.3 (42.2 – 62.3) 57.2 (45.6 – 68.1) 42.4 (29.3 – 56.7) 77.2 (71.6 – 82.0) 80.2 (74.9 – 84.6) 71.5 (60.8 – 80.2) 6.3 (3.5 – 11.2) 8.8 (4.8 – 15.5) 1.8 (0.9 – 3.9) 9.0 (6.2 – 12.8) 11.1 (7.4 – 16.5) 5.0 (3.2 – 7.7) Bhutan 2004 – – – 93.0 (89.9 – 95.2) 93.7 (89.2 – 96.4) 92.9 (89.3 – 95.4) 13.7 (11.4 – 16.5) 14.0 (11.0 – 17.7) 12.9 (9.5 – 17.3) 9.1 (6.6 – 12.6) 8.0 (4.1 – 14.7) 10.2 (7.5 – 13.8) 2006 – – – 93.5 (89.7 – 96.0) 91.9 (85.0 – 95.7) 94.9 (92.0 – 96.8) 11.1 (8.0 – 15.1) 14.1 (9.9 – 19.6) 8.6 (6.1 – 12.1) 10.5 (8.7 – 12.6) 11.9 (8.4 – 16.7) 9.2 (7.0 – 11.9) 2009 – – – 98.4 (96.2 – 99.3) 98.9 (96.2 – 99.7) 98.2 (94.8 – 99.4) – – – 14.9 (11.5 – 18.9) 17.7 (12.8 – 23.8) 12.5 (8.6 – 17.8) 2013 43.6 (37.9 – 49.6) 46.4 (39.8 – 53.1) 41.3 (33.4 – 49.7) 79.8 (77.3 – 82.1) 79.0 (74.9 – 82.5) 80.5 (77.3 – 83.4) 9.7 (8.1 – 11.6) 11.9 (8.7 – 16.0) 7.9 (6.5 – 9.6) 14.0 (12.0 – 16.3) 18.6 (15.7 – 21.9) 10.2 (7.9 – 13.0) India 2006 71.6 (69.3 – 73.9) 72.8 (69.9 – 75.4) 70.0 (66.2 – 73.6) 92.4 (90.9 – 93.6) 92.8 (90.9 – 94.3) 91.8 (89.6 – 93.6) 11.2 (9.8 – 12.8) 12.0 (10.7 – 13.5) 10.0 (7.6 – 13.1) – – – 2009 74.4 (71.4 – 77.3) 75.4 (71.2 – 79.3) 73.1 (69.8 – 76.2) 90.0 (88.5 – 91.2) 89.7 (88.2 – 90.9) 90.4 (87.8 – 92.4) 8.1 (7.0 – 9.5) 9.0 (7.4 – 10.9) 6.8 (5.8 – 7.9) – – – Indonesia 2014 60.7 (56.2 – 64.9) 64.5 (59.3 – 69.3) 56.5 (51.6 – 61.2) 62.7 (57.9 – 67.3) 66.1 (60.3 – 71.4) 59.1 (54.6 – 63.5) 7.9 (6.3 – 9.9) 12.6 (9.8 – 15.9) 3.0 (2.1 – 4.5) 9.0 (7.4 – 10.9) 11.9 (9.8 – 14.5) 5.9 (4.5 – 7.7) Maldives 2004 – – – 74.6 (70.1 – 78.6) 78.3 (72.6 – 83.0) 68.0 (61.6 – 73.9) 10.6 (6.9 – 15.9) 13.7 (8.3 – 22.0) 5.3 (2.7 – 10.0) 13.0 (9.3 – 17.8) 16.3 (10.8 – 23.9) 7.0 (4.3 – 11.4) 2007 – – – 47.0 (44.4 – 49.6) 48.4 (44.4 – 52.4) 45.9 (42.8 – 49.0) 7.1 (5.6 – 9.1) 9.0 (6.4 – 12.5) 5.5 (4.1 – 7.4) 8.1 (6.3 – 10.3) 9.6 (7.1 – 12.8) 6.4 (4.8 – 8.4) 2011 41.4 (38.8 – 44.0) 44.4 (41.2 – 47.7) 38.5 (33.6 – 43.6) 42.7 (39.9 – 45.5) 43.2 (39.9 – 46.6) 41.7 (37.6 – 46.0) 7.4 (5.8 – 9.4) 9.1 (6.8 – 12.0) 5.9 (4.0 – 8.6) 10.0 (8.4 – 11.9) 12.0 (9.5 – 15.1) 7.7 (6.1 – 9.8) Myanmar 2007 74.3 (70.5 – 77.7) 74.7 (69.7 – 79.2) 73.9 (69.9 – 77.6) 63.8 (60.0 – 67.5) 63.5 (58.3 – 68.4) 64.3 (59.6 – 68.8) 8.7 (7.2 – 10.4) 9.5 (7.5 – 11.9) 7.9 (5.8 – 10.6) 8.6 (6.9 – 10.6) 9.5 (7.3 – 12.3) 7.7 (5.7 – 10.2) 2011 69.4 (65.4 – 73.1) 71.3 (66.5 – 75.7) 67.2 (62.2 – 71.9) 58.4 (53.4 – 63.3) 59.3 (53.2 – 65.2) 57.4 (51.9 – 62.7) 12.5 (9.8 – 15.8) 16.5 (12.5 – 21.3) 8.3 (5.7 – 12.0) 8.8 (6.9 – 11.1) 10.9 (8.4 – 14.0) 6.4 (4.5 – 8.9) 2016 42.3 (37.5 – 47.2) 47.3 (41.3 – 53.5) 37.0 (31.5 – 43.0) 83.4 (79.2 – 86.9) 85.3 (80.6 – 89.0) 81.8 (77.7 – 85.2) 5.9 (4.8 – 7.1) 8.7 (7.0 – 10.7) 3.6 (2.5 – 5.0) 5.6 (4.5 – 7.0) 7.3 (5.7 – 9.3) 4.2 (3.2 – 5.6) Nepal 2007 84.7 (80.5 – 88.1) 87.4 (80.7 – 92.0) 81.5 (74.7 – 86.8) 87.6 (82.7 – 91.2) 87.6 (82.6 – 91.3) 87.6 (80.3 – 92.4) 7.9 (5.3 – 11.4) 7.6 (4.6 – 12.4) 7.9 (5.2 – 11.8) 10.7 (8.3 – 13.6) 12.9 (9.6 – 17.1) 8.0 (5.8 – 11.1) 2011 79.1 (73.2 – 84.1) 78.5 (69.9 – 85.1) 79.9 (74.4 – 84.4) 75.3 (68.7 – 80.8) 76.0 (69.2 – 81.6) 74.7 (67.2 – 81.0) 13.1 (11.5 – 15.0) 15.7 (13.2 – 18.6) 10.5 (7.8 – 13.9) 13.7 (10.8 – 17.1) 13.8 (10.8 – 17.6) 13.3 (9.2 – 18.9) Sri Lanka 2003 79.3 (76.3 – 82.0) 81.6 (77.8 – 84.9) 76.8 (72.4 – 80.7) 78.4 (75.5 – 81.0) 77.8 (74.3 – 80.9) 78.9 (74.3 – 82.9) 5.9 (4.7 – 7.5) 7.5 (5.7 – 9.8) 4.2 (2.9 – 6.1) 11.0 (9.3 – 12.9) 9.8 (7.3 – 12.9) 11.8 (9.3 – 14.9) 2007 67.4 (62.6 – 71.8) 69.3 (64.0 – 74.1) 65.5 (59.5 – 71.1) 68.4 (64.5 – 72.1) 68.8 (62.1 – 74.7) 68.0 (63.1 – 72.6) 3.0 (1.7 – 5.0) 2.7 (1.3 – 5.7) 3.2 (1.8 – 5.8) 5.7 (4.1 – 7.9) 6.0 (4.0 – 9.0) 5.5 (3.7 – 8.0) 2011 – – – 62.1 (59.8 – 64.4) 59.7 (56.5 – 62.9) 64.1 (61.3 – 66.9) 2.9 (2.3 – 3.8) 4.2 (3.1 – 5.7) 1.8 (1.3 – 2.5) 4.6 (3.8 – 5.5) 5.7 (4.5 – 7.3) 3.5 (2.6 – 4.6) 2015 44.6 (37.7 – 51.7) 47.5 (41.3 – 53.7) 41.6 (31.6 – 52.2) 83.1 (77.6 – 87.5) 85.0 (78.2 – 89.9) 81.2 (74.5 – 86.4) 2.0 (1.2 – 3.5) 2.9 (1.7 – 4.9) 1.2 (0.4 – 3.4) 2.9 (1.8 – 4.5) 3.8 (2.2 – 6.6) 1.9 (1.1 – 3.6) Thailand 2005 – – – – – – 10.2 (8.2 – 12.7) 11.3 (10.0 – 12.7) 8.9 (5.6 – 14.0) 42.0 (38.6 – 45.4) 42.5 (40.2 – 44.8) 41.1 (35.5 – 46.9) 2009 – – – 31.0 (29.1 – 32.9) 33.2 (30.4 – 36.1) 28.8 (26.8 – 31.0) 5.5 (4.6 – 6.5) 7.5 (6.2 – 9.0) 3.5 (2.7 – 4.6) 9.3 (8.4 – 10.4) 12.9 (11.3 – 14.6) 5.9 (5.1 – 6.9) 2015 35.5 (31.2 – 40.0) 37.5 (30.8 – 44.7) 33.5 (29.4 – 37.8) 77.4 (74.3 – 80.3) 76.2 (72.2 – 79.8) 78.7 (75.4 – 81.6) 7.3 (5.3 – 9.9) 10.2 (7.3 – 14.1) 4.2 (2.6 – 6.8) 10.5 (8.8 – 12.4) 13.4 (11.0 – 16.2) 7.4 (6.0 – 9.2) Timor–Leste 2006 – – – 61.4 (55.6 – 66.9) 60.5 (49.7 – 70.4) 61.7 (55.3 – 67.7) 21.9 (15.7 – 29.6) 27.6 (19.8 – 37.0) 17.0 (11.7 – 24.2) 34.3 (28.0 – 41.3) 39.4 (32.5 – 46.9) 29.8 (22.6 – 38.2) 2009 – – – 92.7 (89.7 – 94.9) 93.9 (88.9 – 96.7) 91.9 (87.6 – 94.8) 23.0 (17.3 – 29.8) 24.4 (17.4 – 33.2) 21.4 (16.1 – 27.9) 23.1 (16.9 – 30.6) 27.1 (18.8 – 37.4) 19.6 (14.2 – 26.4) 2013 79.0 (72.1 – 84.6) 81.1 (73.8 – 86.7) 76.9 (67.2 – 84.4) 88.6 (80.1 – 93.7) 92.0 (85.5 – 95.8) 84.6 (72.3 – 92.0) 12.4 (9.5 – 16.0) 16.1 (11.8 – 21.7) 8.5 (6.5 – 11.1) 12.8 (8.9 – 18.2) 14.2 (9.1 – 21.4) 11.2 (7.6 – 16.3) Secondhand smoke Access and availability Media: Tobacco industry advertising Media: Anti-tobacco advertising Knowledge and Attitudes 1Used any tobacco product (smoked or smokeless) anytime during the past 30 days 2Smoked any tobacco product anytime during the past 30 days 3Used any smokeless tobacco product anytime during the past 30 days 4Smoked cigarettes anytime during the past 30 days 5Youth who were exposed to tobacco smoke at home in the past 7 days 6Youth who were exposed to tobacco smoke in enclosed public places in the past 7 days. 7Youth who saw any advertisements or promotions for tobacco products at point of sale (such as stores, shops, kiosks, etc.) in the past 30 days 8Youth who saw someone using tobacco on television, videos, or movies in the past 30 days 9Youth who have something (e.g., t-shirt, pen, backpack) with a tobacco product brand logo on it. 10Youth who saw or heard any anti-tobacco messages in the media (e.g., television, radio, internet, billboards, posters, newspapers, magazines, or movies) in the past 30 days 11Youth who saw or heard any anti-tobacco messages at sporting events, fairs, concerts, community events, or social gatherings in the past 30 days 12Youth who are in favor of banning smoking in enclosed public places (such as schools, shops, restaurants, shopping malls, and movie theaters) †Figures are taken for enclosed or outdoor public places; after year 2011 enclosed public places and outdoor public places are separate entity. CI refers to 95% confidence interval - Indicates either question was not asked or data not available. * Sample size less than 35 is not reported as standard protocol of GYTS Acknowledgement: WHO sincerely acknowledge the contribution of researchers involved as principal investigators, schools and students and partners such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta USA and others. For more information please refer our website http://www.searo.who.int/nts PDF version of this publication and Excel data can be download from: http://www.searo.who.int/entity/ncd_tobacco_surveillance/documents/NTS_Publication Technical notes and definitions Country Year Exposed to tobacco smoke at home during the past seven days5 Exposed to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place during the past seven days6† Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 34.7 (27.3 – 42.8) 37.8 (29.6 – 46.8) 32.4 (23.8 – 42.5) 42.2 (34.0 – 50.8) 47.1 (39.7 – 54.6) 38.7 (28.7 – 49.7) 2013 31.1 (24.8 – 38.2) 33.0 (24.9 – 42.2) 27.7 (19.7 – 37.5) 59.0 (53.1 – 64.7) 61.3 (55.6 – 66.7) 54.8 (42.1 – 66.9) Bhutan 2004 29.2 (25.2 – 33.5) 30.7 (24.4 – 37.7) 27.0 (22.9 – 31.6) 47.4 (40.7 – 54.3) 45.0 (35.1 – 55.4) 49.5 (42.5 – 56.6) 2006 31.9 (29.0 – 35.1) 32.5 (26.9 – 38.5) 31.1 (28.0 – 34.5) 54.5 (47.2 – 61.6) 57.8 (49.4 – 65.8) 51.7 (43.8 – 59.6) 2009 29.5 (25.9 – 33.4) 29.2 (24.3 – 34.6) 29.5 (25.1 – 34.3) 59.4 (54.5 – 64.0) 58.6 (54.1 – 63.0) 59.7 (53.7 – 65.4) 2013 15.3 (13.0 – 17.9) 16.3 (11.5 – 22.5) 14.4 (12.2 – 17.0) 42.8 (39.1 – 46.6) 43.0 (37.9 – 48.3) 42.7 (38.4 – 47.1) India 2003 36.2 (34.7 – 37.7) – – 48.8 (47.2 – 50.3) – – 2006 26.6 (23.9 – 29.4) 29.2 (25.7 – 32.9) 23.1 (19.8 – 26.6) 40.3 (37.2 – 43.4) 43.7 (40.0 – 47.4) 35.6 (31.4 – 40.0) 2009 21.9 (19.9 – 24.2) 24.1 (21.4 – 26.9) 18.8 (15.7 – 22.4) 36.6 (33.6 – 39.6) 39.0 (35.7 – 42.4) 33.1 (28.9 – 37.6) Indonesia 2014 57.3 (50.3 – 64.1) 61.7 (53.9 – 69.0) 52.7 (45.9 – 59.3) 60.1 (54.6 – 65.3) 62.1 (55.2 – 68.6) 57.8 (52.8 – 62.7) Maldives 2004 45.4 (41.5 – 49.4) 42.1 (36.8 – 47.6) 49.6 (44.2 – 55.0) 69.2 (64.8 – 73.2) 67.9 (62.0 – 73.3) 70.9 (64.3 – 76.7) 2007 48.3 (44.7 – 52.0) 49.4 (45.4 – 53.3) 47.1 (42.8 – 51.5) 68.0 (65.2 – 70.6) 70.6 (66.8 – 74.2) 65.4 (61.3 – 69.3) 2011 34.5 (30.2 – 39.0) 35.1 (30.3 – 40.3) 33.1 (27.6 – 39.1) 43.0 (38.0 – 48.0) 50.7 (47.2 – 54.3) 34.8 (27.2 – 43.2) Myanmaar 2007 34.1 (29.6 – 38.9) 38.8 (33.0 – 45.0) 29.4 (24.5 – 34.9) 46.4 (41.9 – 51.1) 51.2 (45.1 – 57.2) 42.1 (35.7 – 48.7) 2011 32.2 (27.5 – 37.3) 37.6 (31.3 – 44.4) 26.8 (21.3 – 33.2) 38.4 (34.1 – 42.9) 41.9 (35.4 – 48.6) 35.1 (30.7 – 39.7) 2016 33.2 (28.2 – 38.5) 37.7 (32.3 – 43.4) 29.5 (24.1 – 35.6) 28.4 (24.6 – 32.5) 32.8 (27.7 – 38.4) 24.8 (20.7 – 29.4) Nepal 2007 35.3 (29.6 – 41.6) 38.5 (31.7 – 45.8) 31.7 (25.4 – 38.8) 47.3 (41.8 – 52.9) 49.5 (43.8 – 55.3) 44.7 (36.8 – 52.8) 2011 38.4 (32.8 – 44.3) 40.4 (32.4 – 48.8) 36.3 (31.1 – 41.9) 48.6 (43.8 – 53.4) 51.8 (45.1 – 58.4) 45.5 (39.7 – 51.5) Sri Lanka 2003 50.9 (47.6 – 54.2) 52.5 (47.9 – 57.1) 49.3 (45.3 – 53.2) – – – 2007 35.4 (31.5 – 39.6) 37.6 (32.8 – 42.6) 33.4 (28.0 – 39.2) 65.9 (62.1 – 69.5) 66.5 (60.5 – 72.1) 65.1 (60.5 – 69.4) 2011 21.2 (19.2 – 23.4) 23.1 (20.3 – 26.1) 19.2 (16.8 – 22.0) 42.5 (39.8 – 45.1) 43.0 (39.8 – 46.3) 41.8 (38.4 – 45.2) 2015 13.4 (9.6 – 18.5) 13.9 (9.3 – 20.1) 13.0 (9.3 – 18.0) 35.7 (32.8 – 38.7) 39.6 (34.7 – 44.7) 31.7 (27.5 – 36.2) Thailand 2005 49.0 (45.9 – 52.0) 47.4 (45.3 – 49.5) 48.6 (43.1 – 54.1) 68.2 (64.8 – 71.4) 68.4 (66.1 – 70.6) 67.9 (61.8 – 73.5) 2009 45.7 (43.9 – 47.5) 46.6 (43.5 – 49.6) 44.7 (42.2 – 47.2) 67.6 (65.5 – 69.6) 68.0 (64.9 – 70.9) 67.1 (65.0 – 69.2) 2015 33.8 (29.6 – 38.3) 31.3 (26.1 – 37.0) 36.6 (32.1 – 41.4) 38.6 (33.5 – 44.0) 31.3 (26.2 – 36.9) 46.5 (39.6 – 53.4) Timor–Leste 2006 63.2 (56.4 – 69.6) 66.0 (57.4 – 73.7) 61.1 (53.0 – 68.6) 69.8 (64.3 – 74.8) 74.2 (68.1 – 79.4) 65.7 (58.8 – 72.0) 2009 59.4 (51.3 – 67.0) 66.7 (56.4 – 75.6) 52.1 (43.8 – 60.3) 61.3 (55.2 – 67.1) 66.7 (59.4 – 73.4) 56.0 (48.6 – 63.1) 2013 66.0 (57.7 – 73.4) 69.6 (58.6 – 75.8) 62.1 (52.0 – 71.2) 69.9 (61.8 – 76.9) 72.3 (62.7 – 80.3) 67.3 (58.9 – 74.8) Country Year Current smokers who obtained cigarettes by buying them from a store, shop, or street vendor in the past 30 days Current smokers were NOT refused from buying cigarettes because of their age during the past 30 days Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 38.3 (17.2 – 64.9) 49.1 (26.7 – 71.8) * * * * 2013 84.8 (57.6 – 95.8) 84.9 (57.6 – 95.9) * 86.1 (50.0 – 97.5) 86.1 (50.0 – 97.5) * Bhutan 2004 41.3 (29.3 – 54.4) 49.2 (32.4 – 66.1) * * * * 2006 36.4 (24.8 – 49.8) 40.6 (28.0 – 54.4) * 59.2 (42.2 – 74.2) * * 2009 23.7 (16.4 – 33.0) 28.5 (17.2 – 43.3) 17.2 (9.7 – 28.8) * * * 2013 54.5 (46.5 – 62.4) 58.0 (49.9 – 65.6) 45.3 (29.5 – 62.1) 47.8 (39.4 – 56.3) 47.4 (36.5 – 58.6) 48.7 (32.2 – 65.6) India 2003 64.8 (57.7 – 71.2) – – 55.3 (41.8 – 68.1) – – 2006 51.9 (44.2 – 59.4) 51.7 (43.7 – 59.6) 52.6 (39.6 – 65.2) 72.1 (62.2 – 80.2) 70.4 (59.6 – 79.2) 79.4 (56.1 – 92.1) 2009 47.0 (38.1 – 56.1) 46.1 (34.7 – 58.0) 48.7 (38.4 – 59.0) 56.2 (44.4 – 67.3) 55.2 (41.4 – 68.1) 61.3 (42.4 – 77.2) Indonesia 2014 64.9 (57.3 – 71.9) 65.4 (57.0 – 73.0) 63.5 (50.3 – 74.9) 64.5 (59.0 – 69.7) 64.4 (58.6 – 69.9) * Maldives 2004 57.0 (43.9 – 69.2) 58.8 (42.7 – 73.2) * * * * 2007 34.0 (22.1 – 48.3) 38.4 (26.6 – 51.8) * * * * 2011 34.0 (24.1 – 45.7) 38.9 (25.5 – 54.4) * * * * Myanmar 2007 23.7 (16.1 – 33.4) 22.4 (14.7 – 32.7) * * * * 2011 39.2 (28.0 – 51.3) 40.3 (29.2 – 52.5) * * * * 2016 54.5 (47.3 – 61.5) 54.7 (46.3 – 62.9) * 62.9 (51.4 – 73.0) 64.7 (52.4 – 75.3) * Nepal 2007 38.1 (23.1 – 55.7) 43.1 (26.7 – 61.2) * * * * 2011 27.1 (12.8 – 48.6) * * * * * Sri Lanka 2011 20.3 (10.8 – 34.8) 18.6 (9.4 – 33.5) * – – – 2015 * * * * * * Thailand 2005 38.1 (31.7 – 45.1) 40.3 (34.2 – 46.6) 31.8 (21.5 – 44.4) 28.3 (18.9 – 40.1) 25.2 (16.9 – 35.7) 54.7 (34.9 – 73.1) 2009 47.9 (41.4 – 54.6) 50.2 (43.3 – 57.1) 33.5 (24.1 – 44.4) 38.3 (31.5 – 45.5) 35.4 (28.8 – 42.6) 58.6 (37.8 – 76.8) 2015 67.4 (58.5 – 75.3) 68.0 (56.2 – 78.0) 65.7 (51.3 – 77.7) 44.0 (31.7 – 57.1) 40.8 (26.2 – 57.3) 53.5 (37.3 – 69.0) Timor–Leste 2006 24.1 (17.6 – 32.1) 23.3 (17.4 – 30.5) 23.2 (11.4 – 41.7) 41.2 (23.6 – 57.4) * * 2009 55.0 (43.4 – 66.1) 49.8 (33.7 – 66.1) 64.4 (44.4 – 80.4) 64.0 (45.5 – 79.1) 63.6 (41.1 – 81.4) * 2013 82.7 (75.3 – 88.3) 84.2 (77.1 – 89.4) 77.9 (59.3 – 89.4) 46.7 (38.8 – 54.7) 46.3 (38.3 – 54.4) 49.0 (35.2 – 63.0) Country Year Noticing anti-tobacco messages in the media during past 30 days10 Noticing anti-tobacco messages at sporting or community events11 Students who were taught in school about the dangers of tobacco use in the past 12 months Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 87.6 (83.9 – 90.5) 86.9 (78.1 – 92.6) 88.5 (81.9 – 92.9) 91.2 (89.0 – 93.0) 88.7 (84.1 – 92.0) 92.8 (88.9 – 95.4) 54.2 (45.8 – 62.5) 56.8 (46.1 – 66.9) 52.8 (40.9 – 64.3) 2013 66.2 (59.4 – 72.5) 65.9 (58.1 – 72.9) 66.8 (57.2 – 75.3) 58.0 (48.5 – 67.0) 55.8 (43.9 – 67.1) 62.3 (48.7 – 74.2) 57.7 (50.0 – 65.0) 55.2 (45.7 – 64.3) 62.1 (49.4 – 73.4) Bhutan 2004 74.5 (69.2 – 79.3) 71.9 (62.3 – 79.8) 76.5 (66.1 – 84.5) 71.9 (64.8 – 78.2) 72.3 (62.9 – 80.1) 71.0 (61.2 – 79.1) 56.7 (49.5 – 63.5) 57.9 (50.3 – 65.1) 55.6 (46.6 – 64.2) 2006 82.6 (76.4 – 87.4) 83.7 (77.4 – 88.5) 81.6 (74.2 – 87.2) 79.2 (72.3 – 84.8) 78.0 (70.3 – 84.1) 79.6 (72.3 – 85.3) 59.8 (52.7 – 66.5) 59.9 (51.7 – 67.7) 59.2 (52.5 – 65.5) 2009 86.9 (83.4 – 89.8) 85.2 (80.0 – 89.3) 88.3 (82.2 – 92.5) 83.1 (79.8 – 86.0) 84.4 (75.5 – 90.5) 82.1 (76.5 – 86.6) 61.6 (55.8 – 67.1) 63.8 (56.6 – 70.4) 60.9 (54.9 – 66.7) 2013 74.0 (70.4 – 77.2) 72.7 (67.2 – 77.5) 75.1 (71.7 – 78.2) 59.3 (55.4 – 63.0) 56.8 (49.7 – 63.5) 61.6 (55.9 – 67.0) 60.8 (55.9 – 65.4) 60.8 (53.6 – 67.7) 60.7 (56.4 – 64.9) India 2006 74.0 (71.9 – 76.0) 74.3 (72.0 – 76.5) 73.5 (70.0 – 76.9) 80.2 (77.5 – 82.7) 81.4 (78.6 – 83.9) 78.5 (74.4 – 82.0) 54.4 (51.9 – 57.0) 53.6 (50.5 – 56.6) 55.6 (51.5 – 59.7) 2009 77.5 (74.5 – 80.3) 77.6 (73.7 – 81.1) 77.6 (73.9 – 80.9) 82.0 (79.5 – 84.3) 83.1 (80.6 – 85.2) 80.6 (76.6 – 84.1) 63.3 (60.8 – 65.8) 63.6 (60.2 – 66.9) 63.2 (59.2 – 66.3) Indonesia 2014 70.1 (67.2 – 72.9) 70.6 (66.8 – 74.1) 69.6 (66.9 – 72.2) 47.3 (42.6 – 52.1) 50.5 (45.6 – 55.3) 43.3 (37.6 – 49.2) 69.3 (66.7 – 71.7) 70.5 (67.2 – 73.7) 68.0 (65.0 – 70.8) Maldives 2004 91.6 (88.5 – 93.9) 89.5 (85.5 – 92.5) 95.1 (90.7 – 97.5) 87.1 (83.4 – 90.1) 87.7 (81.9 – 91.9) 86.7 (81.9 – 90.4) 39.8 (33.7 – 46.2) 38.1 (32.2 – 44.4) 43.0 (31.2 – 55.5) 2007 90.0 (88.6 – 91.3) 88.1 (85.8 – 90.1) 91.7 (89.6 – 93.4) 82.0 (79.2 – 84.6) 80.9 (78.0 – 83.5) 83.1 (79.3 – 86.3) 43.8 (39.0 – 48.7) 39.9 (33.5 – 46.8) 47.2 (39.9 – 54.7) 2011 87.6 (85.4 – 89.5) 86.3 (83.5 – 88.7) 88.9 (85.5 – 91.6) – – – 40.9 (36.8 – 45.2) 40.4 (35.4 – 45.6) 41.5 (35.2 – 48.2) Myanmar 2007 93.4 (91.2 – 95.0) 91.9 (88.4 – 94.4) 94.7 (92.7 – 96.2) 88.0 (85.5 – 90.0) 88.2 (85.3 – 90.6) 87.5 (83.8 – 90.5) 65.4 (61.2 – 69.4) 65.0 (59.5 – 70.1) 66.1 (60.0 – 71.7) 2011 91.8 (89.6 – 93.6) 91.6 (89.1 – 93.7) 91.9 (88.8 – 94.2) – – – 65.3 (58.8 – 71.3) 60.7 (52.1 – 68.7) 70.1 (63.6 – 75.8) 2016 80.2 (77.3 – 82.9) 80.8 (77.1 – 83.9) 79.9 (76.0 – 83.2) 59.6 (55.2 – 63.9) 56.3 (51.8 – 60.7) 62.7 (56.7 – 68.3) 64.2 (58.9 – 69.2) 61.4 (55.2 – 67.3) 66.4 (60.9 – 71.5) Nepal 2007 92.0 (88.2 – 94.7) 90.4 (84.4 – 94.3) 93.8 (91.0 – 95.8) 85.7 (82.5 – 88.4) 86.2 (82.2 – 89.3) 85.1 (79.4 – 89.5) 65.8 (62.0 – 69.5) 63.2 (58.9 – 67.4) 68.8 (62.9 – 74.2) 2011 87.1 (82.5 – 90.6) 85.3 (80.0 – 89.4) 88.7 (82.8 – 92.8) – – – 79.3 (74.8 – 83.2) 76.8 (70.9 – 81.9) 82.3 (76.8 – 86.7) Sri Lanka 2003 – – – 84.7 (80.3 – 88.2) 81.7 (74.5 – 87.2) 87.5 (84.4 – 90.1) 79.8 (75.8 – 83.3) 78.5 (72.5 – 83.5) 81.4 (77.4 – 84.8) 2007 84.5 (81.3 – 87.2) 82.7 (78.6 – 86.2) 86.3 (82.3 – 89.4) 88.1 (84.8 – 90.7) 87.0 (81.7 – 90.9) 89.1 (85.8 – 91.7) 72.8 (67.1 – 77.8) 65.8 (58.3 – 72.5) 79.8 (74.8 – 84.0) 2011 – – – – – – 69.6 (66.2 – 72.8) 67.9 (63.7 – 71.9) 71.7 (67.7 – 75.3) 2015 88.0 (84.5 – 90.8) 88.5 (83.8 – 91.9) 87.6 (82.6 – 91.3) 57.9 (50.8 – 64.7) 59.0 (51.0 – 66.6) 56.3 (47.3 – 64.8) 78.9 (71.8 – 84.6) 76.3 (66.5 – 83.9) 81.5 (72.5 – 88.0) Thailand 2005 91.9 (90.7 – 92.9) 90.0 (88.9 – 91.0) 94.5 (93.6 – 95.3) 92.8 (91.6 – 93.9) 91.7 (90.5 – 92.8) 94.9 (94.0 – 95.8) 61.9 (58.6 – 65.2) 63.4 (61.3 – 65.5) 62.6 (56.2 – 68.5) 2009 89.5 (87.9 – 90.9) 86.5 (84.4 – 88.3) 92.3 (90.9 – 93.5) 90.4 (89.3 – 91.5) 89.1 (87.3 – 90.7) 91.6 (90.3 – 92.7) 59.6 (56.9 – 62.2) 55.3 (52.3 – 58.2) 63.7 (60.5 – 66.8) 2015 74.9 (70.6 – 78.7) 69.8 (64.3 – 74.8) 80.1 (76.3 – 83.4) 72.2 (68.1 – 75.9) 74.1 (68.9 – 78.6) 70.5 (65.9 – 74.7) 76.2 (72.1 – 79.9) 72.5 (67.7 – 76.9) 80.1 (75.4 – 84.1) Timor–Leste 2006 69.3 (61.5 – 76.1) 66.4 (56.4 – 75.1) 71.5 (63.1 – 78.6) 85.9 (81.5 – 89.4) 87.8 (82.3 – 91.8) 84.7 (79.6 – 88.6) 33.5 (28.3 – 39.1) 40.4 (32.4 – 49.0) 28.0 (22.9 – 33.7) 2009 82.9 (77.1 – 87.9) 82.9 (74.7 – 88.8) 83.0 (77.2 – 87.7) 69.2 (64.2 – 73.7) 67.8 (60.0 – 74.8) 69.8 (60.9 – 77.5) – – – 2013 74.9 (66.4 – 81.9) 76.8 (67.9 – 83.8) 73.1 (64.7 – 80.2) 53.2 (42.9 – 63.2) 51.0 (36.7 – 65.0) 56.3 (45.1 – 66.9) 35.8 (28.9 – 43.3) 35.8 (27.0 – 45.7) 35.6 (26.6 – 45.7) Country Year Students who definitely thought other people's tobacco smoking is harmful to them Students who favor banning smoking inside enclosed public places12† Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 83.3 (79.4 – 86.6) 86.6 (79.5 – 91.5) 81.6 (76.8 – 85.5) 74.9 (63.6 – 83.7) 81.4 (70.1 – 89.1) 70.3 (58.2 – 80.2) 2013 82.0 (75.6 – 87.0) 82.1 (74.7 – 87.7) 81.8 (69.6 – 89.8) 72.5 (66.7 – 77.7) 72.6 (66.9 – 77.6) 72.3 (59.2 – 82.5) Bhutan 2004 63.4 (57.7 – 68.8) 61.9 (52.5 – 70.6) 64.3 (59.0 – 69.3) 19.8 (12.5 – 29.9) 21.7 (13.9 – 32.2) 17.9 (10.8 – 28.3) 2006 62.1 (55.3 – 68.4) 64.6 (57.4 – 71.1) 60.5 (52.3 – 68.2) 47.0 (37.2 – 57.1) 49.6 (39.7 – 59.7) 45.0 (34.9 – 55.6) 2009 72.8 (67.4 – 77.7) 73.5 (66.7 – 79.4) 72.4 (66.3 – 77.7) 44.1 (35.5 – 53.1) 45.4 (37.4 – 53.7) 42.9 (33.0 – 53.4) 2013 78.9 (75.3 – 82.1) 78.5 (72.4 – 83.6) 79.2 (75.1 – 82.9) 49.1 (43.2 – 55.1) 50.5 (42.8 – 58.1) 48.0 (41.7 – 54.5) India 2006 67.9 (64.8 – 70.8) 66.6 (63.0 – 70.0) 69.6 (66.0 – 73.0) 74.0 (70.6 – 77.1) 73.9 (69.7 – 77.7) 74.1 (69.7 – 78.0) 2009 66.8 (64.1 – 69.4) 63.6 (60.4 – 66.7) 71.6 (67.3 – 75.6) 63.9 (61.1 – 66.6) 64.2 (60.8 – 67.5) 63.4 (59.2 – 67. 5) Indonesia 2014 72.5 (69.8 – 75.0) 67.6 (64.9 – 70.3) 77.6 (74.1 – 80.7) 89.4 (87.1 – 91.4) 87.6 (85.3 – 89.6) 91.3 (88.4 – 93.5) Myanmar 2007 48.4 (44.5 – 52.4) 49.2 (44.2 – 54.2) 47.9 (43.2 – 52.7) 88.9 (85.5 – 91.6) 87.7 (84.2 – 90.5) 90.0 (85.4 – 93.3) 2011 51.1 (45.8 – 56.3) 50.9 (45.6 – 56.2) 51.3 (44.4 – 58.2) 90.6 (86.9 – 93.3) 88.6 (83.7 – 92.2) 92.7 (89.5 – 94.9) 2016 65.0 (59.9 – 69.8) 59.9 (54.6 – 64.9) 69.1 (63.0 – 74.6) 94.6 (93.1 – 95.8) 94.2 (90.0 – 95.8) 94.9 (92.7 – 96.5) Nepal 2007 77.3 (71.0 – 82.5) 74.1 (67.5 – 79.7) 80.9 (74.2 – 86.2) 55.7 (49.0 – 62.2) 58.3 (50.4 – 65.8) 52.8 (45.2 – 60.3) 2011 62.5 (56.8 – 67.8) 64.8 (57.3 – 71.7) 60.8 (54.4 – 66.9) 66.2 (60.1 – 71.1) 66.5 (60.2 – 72.2) 66.2 (57.9 – 73.5) Sri Lanka 2003 71.4 (66.6 – 75.7) 68.7 (61.6 – 75.1) 74.7 (69.3 – 79.4) 93.0 (90.9 – 94.7) 91.8 (89.1 – 93.8) 94.4 (91.6 – 96.3) 2007 77.8 (73.3 – 81.8) 74.4 (67.7 – 80.1) 81.3 (76.1 – 85.5) 87.9 (83.1 – 91.5) 85.8 (80.0 – 90.1) 90.1 (83.1 – 94.1) 2011 87.4 (85.8 – 88.9) 84.9 (82.8 – 86.8) 90.2 (88.2 – 91.8) 88.9 (86.8 – 90.6) 87.7 (85.2 – 89.9) 90.3 (87.6 – 92.5) 2015 86.2 (81.8 – 89.7) 82.8 (75.8 – 88.1) 89.6 (83.9 – 93.5) 96.4 (95.2 – 97.3) 95.7 (93.7 – 97.1) 97.3 (95.6 – 98.4) Thailand 2005 68.6 (64.5 – 72.5) 68.5 (66.3 – 70.7) 70.8 (63.9 – 76.9) 88.1 (83.1 – 91.8) 87.8 (86.3 – 89.2) 89.5 (79.2 – 95.0) 2009 79.1 (77.2 – 80.9) 75.3 (72.2 – 78.2) 82.8 (80.9 – 84.6) 83.4 (81.6 – 85.0) 80.6 (77.7 – 83.2) 86.0 (84.3 – 87.5) 2015 77.6 (74.7 – 80.4) 72.6 (67.6 – 77.0) 83.0 (79.0 – 86.3) – – – Timor–Leste 2006 31.7 (27.6 – 36.1) 31.7 (26.4 – 37.5) 31.8 (27.0 – 37.0) 39.9 (35.9 – 44.0) 45.3 (37.9 – 52.9) 36.2 (30.9 – 41.8) 2009 34.0 (29.0 – 39.3) 34.6 (28.3 – 41.5) 33.5 (27.9 – 39.6) 56.6 (50.3 – 62.8) 56.1 (48.4 – 63.6) 56.6 (49.1 – 63.8) 2013 34.9 (28.8 – 41.6) 29.1 (23.2 – 35.9) 41.1 (33.2 – 49.4) 19.6 (15.7 – 24.2) 21.1 (17.2 – 32.7) 14.9 (12.3 – 18.0) Country Year Noticing tobacco advertisements or promotions at point of sale/billboards in the past 30 days7 Noticing pro-cigarette ads in newspapers or magazines or on television, videos, or movies in the past 30 days8 Students who were ever offered a free tobacco product from a tobacco company representative Students who own something with a tobacco brand logo on it9 Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 – – – 84.7 (79.2 – 88.9) 85.4 (81.0 – 88.9) 84.0 (76.2 – 89.6) 6.4 (4.3 – 9.4) 8.6 (5.9 – 12.3) 4.6 (2.8 – 7.5) 12.8 (10.0 – 16.4) 15.3 (10.2 – 22.2) 10.9 (7.4 – 15.7) 2013 52.3 (42.2 – 62.3) 57.2 (45.6 – 68.1) 42.4 (29.3 – 56.7) 77.2 (71.6 – 82.0) 80.2 (74.9 – 84.6) 71.5 (60.8 – 80.2) 6.3 (3.5 – 11.2) 8.8 (4.8 – 15.5) 1.8 (0.9 – 3.9) 9.0 (6.2 – 12.8) 11.1 (7.4 – 16.5) 5.0 (3.2 – 7.7) Bhutan 2004 – – – 93.0 (89.9 – 95.2) 93.7 (89.2 – 96.4) 92.9 (89.3 – 95.4) 13.7 (11.4 – 16.5) 14.0 (11.0 – 17.7) 12.9 (9.5 – 17.3) 9.1 (6.6 – 12.6) 8.0 (4.1 – 14.7) 10.2 (7.5 – 13.8) 2006 – – – 93.5 (89.7 – 96.0) 91.9 (85.0 – 95.7) 94.9 (92.0 – 96.8) 11.1 (8.0 – 15.1) 14.1 (9.9 – 19.6) 8.6 (6.1 – 12.1) 10.5 (8.7 – 12.6) 11.9 (8.4 – 16.7) 9.2 (7.0 – 11.9) 2009 – – – 98.4 (96.2 – 99.3) 98.9 (96.2 – 99.7) 98.2 (94.8 – 99.4) – – – 14.9 (11.5 – 18.9) 17.7 (12.8 – 23.8) 12.5 (8.6 – 17.8) 2013 43.6 (37.9 – 49.6) 46.4 (39.8 – 53.1) 41.3 (33.4 – 49.7) 79.8 (77.3 – 82.1) 79.0 (74.9 – 82.5) 80.5 (77.3 – 83.4) 9.7 (8.1 – 11.6) 11.9 (8.7 – 16.0) 7.9 (6.5 – 9.6) 14.0 (12.0 – 16.3) 18.6 (15.7 – 21.9) 10.2 (7.9 – 13.0) India 2006 71.6 (69.3 – 73.9) 72.8 (69.9 – 75.4) 70.0 (66.2 – 73.6) 92.4 (90.9 – 93.6) 92.8 (90.9 – 94.3) 91.8 (89.6 – 93.6) 11.2 (9.8 – 12.8) 12.0 (10.7 – 13.5) 10.0 (7.6 – 13.1) – – – 2009 74.4 (71.4 – 77.3) 75.4 (71.2 – 79.3) 73.1 (69.8 – 76.2) 90.0 (88.5 – 91.2) 89.7 (88.2 – 90.9) 90.4 (87.8 – 92.4) 8.1 (7.0 – 9.5) 9.0 (7.4 – 10.9) 6.8 (5.8 – 7.9) – – – Indonesia 2014 60.7 (56.2 – 64.9) 64.5 (59.3 – 69.3) 56.5 (51.6 – 61.2) 62.7 (57.9 – 67.3) 66.1 (60.3 – 71.4) 59.1 (54.6 – 63.5) 7.9 (6.3 – 9.9) 12.6 (9.8 – 15.9) 3.0 (2.1 – 4.5) 9.0 (7.4 – 10.9) 11.9 (9.8 – 14.5) 5.9 (4.5 – 7.7) Maldives 2004 – – – 74.6 (70.1 – 78.6) 78.3 (72.6 – 83.0) 68.0 (61.6 – 73.9) 10.6 (6.9 – 15.9) 13.7 (8.3 – 22.0) 5.3 (2.7 – 10.0) 13.0 (9.3 – 17.8) 16.3 (10.8 – 23.9) 7.0 (4.3 – 11.4) 2007 – – – 47.0 (44.4 – 49.6) 48.4 (44.4 – 52.4) 45.9 (42.8 – 49.0) 7.1 (5.6 – 9.1) 9.0 (6.4 – 12.5) 5.5 (4.1 – 7.4) 8.1 (6.3 – 10.3) 9.6 (7.1 – 12.8) 6.4 (4.8 – 8.4) 2011 41.4 (38.8 – 44.0) 44.4 (41.2 – 47.7) 38.5 (33.6 – 43.6) 42.7 (39.9 – 45.5) 43.2 (39.9 – 46.6) 41.7 (37.6 – 46.0) 7.4 (5.8 – 9.4) 9.1 (6.8 – 12.0) 5.9 (4.0 – 8.6) 10.0 (8.4 – 11.9) 12.0 (9.5 – 15.1) 7.7 (6.1 – 9.8) Myanmar 2007 74.3 (70.5 – 77.7) 74.7 (69.7 – 79.2) 73.9 (69.9 – 77.6) 63.8 (60.0 – 67.5) 63.5 (58.3 – 68.4) 64.3 (59.6 – 68.8) 8.7 (7.2 – 10.4) 9.5 (7.5 – 11.9) 7.9 (5.8 – 10.6) 8.6 (6.9 – 10.6) 9.5 (7.3 – 12.3) 7.7 (5.7 – 10.2) 2011 69.4 (65.4 – 73.1) 71.3 (66.5 – 75.7) 67.2 (62.2 – 71.9) 58.4 (53.4 – 63.3) 59.3 (53.2 – 65.2) 57.4 (51.9 – 62.7) 12.5 (9.8 – 15.8) 16.5 (12.5 – 21.3) 8.3 (5.7 – 12.0) 8.8 (6.9 – 11.1) 10.9 (8.4 – 14.0) 6.4 (4.5 – 8.9) 2016 42.3 (37.5 – 47.2) 47.3 (41.3 – 53.5) 37.0 (31.5 – 43.0) 83.4 (79.2 – 86.9) 85.3 (80.6 – 89.0) 81.8 (77.7 – 85.2) 5.9 (4.8 – 7.1) 8.7 (7.0 – 10.7) 3.6 (2.5 – 5.0) 5.6 (4.5 – 7.0) 7.3 (5.7 – 9.3) 4.2 (3.2 – 5.6) Nepal 2007 84.7 (80.5 – 88.1) 87.4 (80.7 – 92.0) 81.5 (74.7 – 86.8) 87.6 (82.7 – 91.2) 87.6 (82.6 – 91.3) 87.6 (80.3 – 92.4) 7.9 (5.3 – 11.4) 7.6 (4.6 – 12.4) 7.9 (5.2 – 11.8) 10.7 (8.3 – 13.6) 12.9 (9.6 – 17.1) 8.0 (5.8 – 11.1) 2011 79.1 (73.2 – 84.1) 78.5 (69.9 – 85.1) 79.9 (74.4 – 84.4) 75.3 (68.7 – 80.8) 76.0 (69.2 – 81.6) 74.7 (67.2 – 81.0) 13.1 (11.5 – 15.0) 15.7 (13.2 – 18.6) 10.5 (7.8 – 13.9) 13.7 (10.8 – 17.1) 13.8 (10.8 – 17.6) 13.3 (9.2 – 18.9) Sri Lanka 2003 79.3 (76.3 – 82.0) 81.6 (77.8 – 84.9) 76.8 (72.4 – 80.7) 78.4 (75.5 – 81.0) 77.8 (74.3 – 80.9) 78.9 (74.3 – 82.9) 5.9 (4.7 – 7.5) 7.5 (5.7 – 9.8) 4.2 (2.9 – 6.1) 11.0 (9.3 – 12.9) 9.8 (7.3 – 12.9) 11.8 (9.3 – 14.9) 2007 67.4 (62.6 – 71.8) 69.3 (64.0 – 74.1) 65.5 (59.5 – 71.1) 68.4 (64.5 – 72.1) 68.8 (62.1 – 74.7) 68.0 (63.1 – 72.6) 3.0 (1.7 – 5.0) 2.7 (1.3 – 5.7) 3.2 (1.8 – 5.8) 5.7 (4.1 – 7.9) 6.0 (4.0 – 9.0) 5.5 (3.7 – 8.0) 2011 – – – 62.1 (59.8 – 64.4) 59.7 (56.5 – 62.9) 64.1 (61.3 – 66.9) 2.9 (2.3 – 3.8) 4.2 (3.1 – 5.7) 1.8 (1.3 – 2.5) 4.6 (3.8 – 5.5) 5.7 (4.5 – 7.3) 3.5 (2.6 – 4.6) 2015 44.6 (37.7 – 51.7) 47.5 (41.3 – 53.7) 41.6 (31.6 – 52.2) 83.1 (77.6 – 87.5) 85.0 (78.2 – 89.9) 81.2 (74.5 – 86.4) 2.0 (1.2 – 3.5) 2.9 (1.7 – 4.9) 1.2 (0.4 – 3.4) 2.9 (1.8 – 4.5) 3.8 (2.2 – 6.6) 1.9 (1.1 – 3.6) Thailand 2005 – – – – – – 10.2 (8.2 – 12.7) 11.3 (10.0 – 12.7) 8.9 (5.6 – 14.0) 42.0 (38.6 – 45.4) 42.5 (40.2 – 44.8) 41.1 (35.5 – 46.9) 2009 – – – 31.0 (29.1 – 32.9) 33.2 (30.4 – 36.1) 28.8 (26.8 – 31.0) 5.5 (4.6 – 6.5) 7.5 (6.2 – 9.0) 3.5 (2.7 – 4.6) 9.3 (8.4 – 10.4) 12.9 (11.3 – 14.6) 5.9 (5.1 – 6.9) 2015 35.5 (31.2 – 40.0) 37.5 (30.8 – 44.7) 33.5 (29.4 – 37.8) 77.4 (74.3 – 80.3) 76.2 (72.2 – 79.8) 78.7 (75.4 – 81.6) 7.3 (5.3 – 9.9) 10.2 (7.3 – 14.1) 4.2 (2.6 – 6.8) 10.5 (8.8 – 12.4) 13.4 (11.0 – 16.2) 7.4 (6.0 – 9.2) Timor–Leste 2006 – – – 61.4 (55.6 – 66.9) 60.5 (49.7 – 70.4) 61.7 (55.3 – 67.7) 21.9 (15.7 – 29.6) 27.6 (19.8 – 37.0) 17.0 (11.7 – 24.2) 34.3 (28.0 – 41.3) 39.4 (32.5 – 46.9) 29.8 (22.6 – 38.2) 2009 – – – 92.7 (89.7 – 94.9) 93.9 (88.9 – 96.7) 91.9 (87.6 – 94.8) 23.0 (17.3 – 29.8) 24.4 (17.4 – 33.2) 21.4 (16.1 – 27.9) 23.1 (16.9 – 30.6) 27.1 (18.8 – 37.4) 19.6 (14.2 – 26.4) 2013 79.0 (72.1 – 84.6) 81.1 (73.8 – 86.7) 76.9 (67.2 – 84.4) 88.6 (80.1 – 93.7) 92.0 (85.5 – 95.8) 84.6 (72.3 – 92.0) 12.4 (9.5 – 16.0) 16.1 (11.8 – 21.7) 8.5 (6.5 – 11.1) 12.8 (8.9 – 18.2) 14.2 (9.1 – 21.4) 11.2 (7.6 – 16.3) Secondhand smoke Access and availability Media: Tobacco industry advertising Media: Anti-tobacco advertising Knowledge and Attitudes 1Used any tobacco product (smoked or smokeless) anytime during the past 30 days 2Smoked any tobacco product anytime during the past 30 days 3Used any smokeless tobacco product anytime during the past 30 days 4Smoked cigarettes anytime during the past 30 days 5Youth who were exposed to tobacco smoke at home in the past 7 days 6Youth who were exposed to tobacco smoke in enclosed public places in the past 7 days. 7Youth who saw any advertisements or promotions for tobacco products at point of sale (such as stores, shops, kiosks, etc.) in the past 30 days 8Youth who saw someone using tobacco on television, videos, or movies in the past 30 days 9Youth who have something (e.g., t-shirt, pen, backpack) with a tobacco product brand logo on it. 10Youth who saw or heard any anti-tobacco messages in the media (e.g., television, radio, internet, billboards, posters, newspapers, magazines, or movies) in the past 30 days 11Youth who saw or heard any anti-tobacco messages at sporting events, fairs, concerts, community events, or social gatherings in the past 30 days 12Youth who are in favor of banning smoking in enclosed public places (such as schools, shops, restaurants, shopping malls, and movie theaters) †Figures are taken for enclosed or outdoor public places; after year 2011 enclosed public places and outdoor public places are separate entity. CI refers to 95% confidence interval - Indicates either question was not asked or data not available. * Sample size less than 35 is not reported as standard protocol of GYTS Acknowledgement: WHO sincerely acknowledge the contribution of researchers involved as principal investigators, schools and students and partners such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta USA and others. For more information please refer our website http://www.searo.who.int/nts PDF version of this publication and Excel data can be download from: http://www.searo.who.int/entity/ncd_tobacco_surveillance/documents/NTS_Publication Technical notes and definitions Country Year Exposed to tobacco smoke at home during the past seven days5 Exposed to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place during the past seven days6† Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 34.7 (27.3 – 42.8) 37.8 (29.6 – 46.8) 32.4 (23.8 – 42.5) 42.2 (34.0 – 50.8) 47.1 (39.7 – 54.6) 38.7 (28.7 – 49.7) 2013 31.1 (24.8 – 38.2) 33.0 (24.9 – 42.2) 27.7 (19.7 – 37.5) 59.0 (53.1 – 64.7) 61.3 (55.6 – 66.7) 54.8 (42.1 – 66.9) Bhutan 2004 29.2 (25.2 – 33.5) 30.7 (24.4 – 37.7) 27.0 (22.9 – 31.6) 47.4 (40.7 – 54.3) 45.0 (35.1 – 55.4) 49.5 (42.5 – 56.6) 2006 31.9 (29.0 – 35.1) 32.5 (26.9 – 38.5) 31.1 (28.0 – 34.5) 54.5 (47.2 – 61.6) 57.8 (49.4 – 65.8) 51.7 (43.8 – 59.6) 2009 29.5 (25.9 – 33.4) 29.2 (24.3 – 34.6) 29.5 (25.1 – 34.3) 59.4 (54.5 – 64.0) 58.6 (54.1 – 63.0) 59.7 (53.7 – 65.4) 2013 15.3 (13.0 – 17.9) 16.3 (11.5 – 22.5) 14.4 (12.2 – 17.0) 42.8 (39.1 – 46.6) 43.0 (37.9 – 48.3) 42.7 (38.4 – 47.1) India 2003 36.2 (34.7 – 37.7) – – 48.8 (47.2 – 50.3) – – 2006 26.6 (23.9 – 29.4) 29.2 (25.7 – 32.9) 23.1 (19.8 – 26.6) 40.3 (37.2 – 43.4) 43.7 (40.0 – 47.4) 35.6 (31.4 – 40.0) 2009 21.9 (19.9 – 24.2) 24.1 (21.4 – 26.9) 18.8 (15.7 – 22.4) 36.6 (33.6 – 39.6) 39.0 (35.7 – 42.4) 33.1 (28.9 – 37.6) Indonesia 2014 57.3 (50.3 – 64.1) 61.7 (53.9 – 69.0) 52.7 (45.9 – 59.3) 60.1 (54.6 – 65.3) 62.1 (55.2 – 68.6) 57.8 (52.8 – 62.7) Maldives 2004 45.4 (41.5 – 49.4) 42.1 (36.8 – 47.6) 49.6 (44.2 – 55.0) 69.2 (64.8 – 73.2) 67.9 (62.0 – 73.3) 70.9 (64.3 – 76.7) 2007 48.3 (44.7 – 52.0) 49.4 (45.4 – 53.3) 47.1 (42.8 – 51.5) 68.0 (65.2 – 70.6) 70.6 (66.8 – 74.2) 65.4 (61.3 – 69.3) 2011 34.5 (30.2 – 39.0) 35.1 (30.3 – 40.3) 33.1 (27.6 – 39.1) 43.0 (38.0 – 48.0) 50.7 (47.2 – 54.3) 34.8 (27.2 – 43.2) Myanmaar 2007 34.1 (29.6 – 38.9) 38.8 (33.0 – 45.0) 29.4 (24.5 – 34.9) 46.4 (41.9 – 51.1) 51.2 (45.1 – 57.2) 42.1 (35.7 – 48.7) 2011 32.2 (27.5 – 37.3) 37.6 (31.3 – 44.4) 26.8 (21.3 – 33.2) 38.4 (34.1 – 42.9) 41.9 (35.4 – 48.6) 35.1 (30.7 – 39.7) 2016 33.2 (28.2 – 38.5) 37.7 (32.3 – 43.4) 29.5 (24.1 – 35.6) 28.4 (24.6 – 32.5) 32.8 (27.7 – 38.4) 24.8 (20.7 – 29.4) Nepal 2007 35.3 (29.6 – 41.6) 38.5 (31.7 – 45.8) 31.7 (25.4 – 38.8) 47.3 (41.8 – 52.9) 49.5 (43.8 – 55.3) 44.7 (36.8 – 52.8) 2011 38.4 (32.8 – 44.3) 40.4 (32.4 – 48.8) 36.3 (31.1 – 41.9) 48.6 (43.8 – 53.4) 51.8 (45.1 – 58.4) 45.5 (39.7 – 51.5) Sri Lanka 2003 50.9 (47.6 – 54.2) 52.5 (47.9 – 57.1) 49.3 (45.3 – 53.2) – – – 2007 35.4 (31.5 – 39.6) 37.6 (32.8 – 42.6) 33.4 (28.0 – 39.2) 65.9 (62.1 – 69.5) 66.5 (60.5 – 72.1) 65.1 (60.5 – 69.4) 2011 21.2 (19.2 – 23.4) 23.1 (20.3 – 26.1) 19.2 (16.8 – 22.0) 42.5 (39.8 – 45.1) 43.0 (39.8 – 46.3) 41.8 (38.4 – 45.2) 2015 13.4 (9.6 – 18.5) 13.9 (9.3 – 20.1) 13.0 (9.3 – 18.0) 35.7 (32.8 – 38.7) 39.6 (34.7 – 44.7) 31.7 (27.5 – 36.2) Thailand 2005 49.0 (45.9 – 52.0) 47.4 (45.3 – 49.5) 48.6 (43.1 – 54.1) 68.2 (64.8 – 71.4) 68.4 (66.1 – 70.6) 67.9 (61.8 – 73.5) 2009 45.7 (43.9 – 47.5) 46.6 (43.5 – 49.6) 44.7 (42.2 – 47.2) 67.6 (65.5 – 69.6) 68.0 (64.9 – 70.9) 67.1 (65.0 – 69.2) 2015 33.8 (29.6 – 38.3) 31.3 (26.1 – 37.0) 36.6 (32.1 – 41.4) 38.6 (33.5 – 44.0) 31.3 (26.2 – 36.9) 46.5 (39.6 – 53.4) Timor–Leste 2006 63.2 (56.4 – 69.6) 66.0 (57.4 – 73.7) 61.1 (53.0 – 68.6) 69.8 (64.3 – 74.8) 74.2 (68.1 – 79.4) 65.7 (58.8 – 72.0) 2009 59.4 (51.3 – 67.0) 66.7 (56.4 – 75.6) 52.1 (43.8 – 60.3) 61.3 (55.2 – 67.1) 66.7 (59.4 – 73.4) 56.0 (48.6 – 63.1) 2013 66.0 (57.7 – 73.4) 69.6 (58.6 – 75.8) 62.1 (52.0 – 71.2) 69.9 (61.8 – 76.9) 72.3 (62.7 – 80.3) 67.3 (58.9 – 74.8) Country Year Current smokers who obtained cigarettes by buying them from a store, shop, or street vendor in the past 30 days Current smokers were NOT refused from buying cigarettes because of their age during the past 30 days Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 38.3 (17.2 – 64.9) 49.1 (26.7 – 71.8) * * * * 2013 84.8 (57.6 – 95.8) 84.9 (57.6 – 95.9) * 86.1 (50.0 – 97.5) 86.1 (50.0 – 97.5) * Bhutan 2004 41.3 (29.3 – 54.4) 49.2 (32.4 – 66.1) * * * * 2006 36.4 (24.8 – 49.8) 40.6 (28.0 – 54.4) * 59.2 (42.2 – 74.2) * * 2009 23.7 (16.4 – 33.0) 28.5 (17.2 – 43.3) 17.2 (9.7 – 28.8) * * * 2013 54.5 (46.5 – 62.4) 58.0 (49.9 – 65.6) 45.3 (29.5 – 62.1) 47.8 (39.4 – 56.3) 47.4 (36.5 – 58.6) 48.7 (32.2 – 65.6) India 2003 64.8 (57.7 – 71.2) – – 55.3 (41.8 – 68.1) – – 2006 51.9 (44.2 – 59.4) 51.7 (43.7 – 59.6) 52.6 (39.6 – 65.2) 72.1 (62.2 – 80.2) 70.4 (59.6 – 79.2) 79.4 (56.1 – 92.1) 2009 47.0 (38.1 – 56.1) 46.1 (34.7 – 58.0) 48.7 (38.4 – 59.0) 56.2 (44.4 – 67.3) 55.2 (41.4 – 68.1) 61.3 (42.4 – 77.2) Indonesia 2014 64.9 (57.3 – 71.9) 65.4 (57.0 – 73.0) 63.5 (50.3 – 74.9) 64.5 (59.0 – 69.7) 64.4 (58.6 – 69.9) * Maldives 2004 57.0 (43.9 – 69.2) 58.8 (42.7 – 73.2) * * * * 2007 34.0 (22.1 – 48.3) 38.4 (26.6 – 51.8) * * * * 2011 34.0 (24.1 – 45.7) 38.9 (25.5 – 54.4) * * * * Myanmar 2007 23.7 (16.1 – 33.4) 22.4 (14.7 – 32.7) * * * * 2011 39.2 (28.0 – 51.3) 40.3 (29.2 – 52.5) * * * * 2016 54.5 (47.3 – 61.5) 54.7 (46.3 – 62.9) * 62.9 (51.4 – 73.0) 64.7 (52.4 – 75.3) * Nepal 2007 38.1 (23.1 – 55.7) 43.1 (26.7 – 61.2) * * * * 2011 27.1 (12.8 – 48.6) * * * * * Sri Lanka 2011 20.3 (10.8 – 34.8) 18.6 (9.4 – 33.5) * – – – 2015 * * * * * * Thailand 2005 38.1 (31.7 – 45.1) 40.3 (34.2 – 46.6) 31.8 (21.5 – 44.4) 28.3 (18.9 – 40.1) 25.2 (16.9 – 35.7) 54.7 (34.9 – 73.1) 2009 47.9 (41.4 – 54.6) 50.2 (43.3 – 57.1) 33.5 (24.1 – 44.4) 38.3 (31.5 – 45.5) 35.4 (28.8 – 42.6) 58.6 (37.8 – 76.8) 2015 67.4 (58.5 – 75.3) 68.0 (56.2 – 78.0) 65.7 (51.3 – 77.7) 44.0 (31.7 – 57.1) 40.8 (26.2 – 57.3) 53.5 (37.3 – 69.0) Timor–Leste 2006 24.1 (17.6 – 32.1) 23.3 (17.4 – 30.5) 23.2 (11.4 – 41.7) 41.2 (23.6 – 57.4) * * 2009 55.0 (43.4 – 66.1) 49.8 (33.7 – 66.1) 64.4 (44.4 – 80.4) 64.0 (45.5 – 79.1) 63.6 (41.1 – 81.4) * 2013 82.7 (75.3 – 88.3) 84.2 (77.1 – 89.4) 77.9 (59.3 – 89.4) 46.7 (38.8 – 54.7) 46.3 (38.3 – 54.4) 49.0 (35.2 – 63.0) Country Year Noticing anti-tobacco messages in the media during past 30 days10 Noticing anti-tobacco messages at sporting or community events11 Students who were taught in school about the dangers of tobacco use in the past 12 months Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 87.6 (83.9 – 90.5) 86.9 (78.1 – 92.6) 88.5 (81.9 – 92.9) 91.2 (89.0 – 93.0) 88.7 (84.1 – 92.0) 92.8 (88.9 – 95.4) 54.2 (45.8 – 62.5) 56.8 (46.1 – 66.9) 52.8 (40.9 – 64.3) 2013 66.2 (59.4 – 72.5) 65.9 (58.1 – 72.9) 66.8 (57.2 – 75.3) 58.0 (48.5 – 67.0) 55.8 (43.9 – 67.1) 62.3 (48.7 – 74.2) 57.7 (50.0 – 65.0) 55.2 (45.7 – 64.3) 62.1 (49.4 – 73.4) Bhutan 2004 74.5 (69.2 – 79.3) 71.9 (62.3 – 79.8) 76.5 (66.1 – 84.5) 71.9 (64.8 – 78.2) 72.3 (62.9 – 80.1) 71.0 (61.2 – 79.1) 56.7 (49.5 – 63.5) 57.9 (50.3 – 65.1) 55.6 (46.6 – 64.2) 2006 82.6 (76.4 – 87.4) 83.7 (77.4 – 88.5) 81.6 (74.2 – 87.2) 79.2 (72.3 – 84.8) 78.0 (70.3 – 84.1) 79.6 (72.3 – 85.3) 59.8 (52.7 – 66.5) 59.9 (51.7 – 67.7) 59.2 (52.5 – 65.5) 2009 86.9 (83.4 – 89.8) 85.2 (80.0 – 89.3) 88.3 (82.2 – 92.5) 83.1 (79.8 – 86.0) 84.4 (75.5 – 90.5) 82.1 (76.5 – 86.6) 61.6 (55.8 – 67.1) 63.8 (56.6 – 70.4) 60.9 (54.9 – 66.7) 2013 74.0 (70.4 – 77.2) 72.7 (67.2 – 77.5) 75.1 (71.7 – 78.2) 59.3 (55.4 – 63.0) 56.8 (49.7 – 63.5) 61.6 (55.9 – 67.0) 60.8 (55.9 – 65.4) 60.8 (53.6 – 67.7) 60.7 (56.4 – 64.9) India 2006 74.0 (71.9 – 76.0) 74.3 (72.0 – 76.5) 73.5 (70.0 – 76.9) 80.2 (77.5 – 82.7) 81.4 (78.6 – 83.9) 78.5 (74.4 – 82.0) 54.4 (51.9 – 57.0) 53.6 (50.5 – 56.6) 55.6 (51.5 – 59.7) 2009 77.5 (74.5 – 80.3) 77.6 (73.7 – 81.1) 77.6 (73.9 – 80.9) 82.0 (79.5 – 84.3) 83.1 (80.6 – 85.2) 80.6 (76.6 – 84.1) 63.3 (60.8 – 65.8) 63.6 (60.2 – 66.9) 63.2 (59.2 – 66.3) Indonesia 2014 70.1 (67.2 – 72.9) 70.6 (66.8 – 74.1) 69.6 (66.9 – 72.2) 47.3 (42.6 – 52.1) 50.5 (45.6 – 55.3) 43.3 (37.6 – 49.2) 69.3 (66.7 – 71.7) 70.5 (67.2 – 73.7) 68.0 (65.0 – 70.8) Maldives 2004 91.6 (88.5 – 93.9) 89.5 (85.5 – 92.5) 95.1 (90.7 – 97.5) 87.1 (83.4 – 90.1) 87.7 (81.9 – 91.9) 86.7 (81.9 – 90.4) 39.8 (33.7 – 46.2) 38.1 (32.2 – 44.4) 43.0 (31.2 – 55.5) 2007 90.0 (88.6 – 91.3) 88.1 (85.8 – 90.1) 91.7 (89.6 – 93.4) 82.0 (79.2 – 84.6) 80.9 (78.0 – 83.5) 83.1 (79.3 – 86.3) 43.8 (39.0 – 48.7) 39.9 (33.5 – 46.8) 47.2 (39.9 – 54.7) 2011 87.6 (85.4 – 89.5) 86.3 (83.5 – 88.7) 88.9 (85.5 – 91.6) – – – 40.9 (36.8 – 45.2) 40.4 (35.4 – 45.6) 41.5 (35.2 – 48.2) Myanmar 2007 93.4 (91.2 – 95.0) 91.9 (88.4 – 94.4) 94.7 (92.7 – 96.2) 88.0 (85.5 – 90.0) 88.2 (85.3 – 90.6) 87.5 (83.8 – 90.5) 65.4 (61.2 – 69.4) 65.0 (59.5 – 70.1) 66.1 (60.0 – 71.7) 2011 91.8 (89.6 – 93.6) 91.6 (89.1 – 93.7) 91.9 (88.8 – 94.2) – – – 65.3 (58.8 – 71.3) 60.7 (52.1 – 68.7) 70.1 (63.6 – 75.8) 2016 80.2 (77.3 – 82.9) 80.8 (77.1 – 83.9) 79.9 (76.0 – 83.2) 59.6 (55.2 – 63.9) 56.3 (51.8 – 60.7) 62.7 (56.7 – 68.3) 64.2 (58.9 – 69.2) 61.4 (55.2 – 67.3) 66.4 (60.9 – 71.5) Nepal 2007 92.0 (88.2 – 94.7) 90.4 (84.4 – 94.3) 93.8 (91.0 – 95.8) 85.7 (82.5 – 88.4) 86.2 (82.2 – 89.3) 85.1 (79.4 – 89.5) 65.8 (62.0 – 69.5) 63.2 (58.9 – 67.4) 68.8 (62.9 – 74.2) 2011 87.1 (82.5 – 90.6) 85.3 (80.0 – 89.4) 88.7 (82.8 – 92.8) – – – 79.3 (74.8 – 83.2) 76.8 (70.9 – 81.9) 82.3 (76.8 – 86.7) Sri Lanka 2003 – – – 84.7 (80.3 – 88.2) 81.7 (74.5 – 87.2) 87.5 (84.4 – 90.1) 79.8 (75.8 – 83.3) 78.5 (72.5 – 83.5) 81.4 (77.4 – 84.8) 2007 84.5 (81.3 – 87.2) 82.7 (78.6 – 86.2) 86.3 (82.3 – 89.4) 88.1 (84.8 – 90.7) 87.0 (81.7 – 90.9) 89.1 (85.8 – 91.7) 72.8 (67.1 – 77.8) 65.8 (58.3 – 72.5) 79.8 (74.8 – 84.0) 2011 – – – – – – 69.6 (66.2 – 72.8) 67.9 (63.7 – 71.9) 71.7 (67.7 – 75.3) 2015 88.0 (84.5 – 90.8) 88.5 (83.8 – 91.9) 87.6 (82.6 – 91.3) 57.9 (50.8 – 64.7) 59.0 (51.0 – 66.6) 56.3 (47.3 – 64.8) 78.9 (71.8 – 84.6) 76.3 (66.5 – 83.9) 81.5 (72.5 – 88.0) Thailand 2005 91.9 (90.7 – 92.9) 90.0 (88.9 – 91.0) 94.5 (93.6 – 95.3) 92.8 (91.6 – 93.9) 91.7 (90.5 – 92.8) 94.9 (94.0 – 95.8) 61.9 (58.6 – 65.2) 63.4 (61.3 – 65.5) 62.6 (56.2 – 68.5) 2009 89.5 (87.9 – 90.9) 86.5 (84.4 – 88.3) 92.3 (90.9 – 93.5) 90.4 (89.3 – 91.5) 89.1 (87.3 – 90.7) 91.6 (90.3 – 92.7) 59.6 (56.9 – 62.2) 55.3 (52.3 – 58.2) 63.7 (60.5 – 66.8) 2015 74.9 (70.6 – 78.7) 69.8 (64.3 – 74.8) 80.1 (76.3 – 83.4) 72.2 (68.1 – 75.9) 74.1 (68.9 – 78.6) 70.5 (65.9 – 74.7) 76.2 (72.1 – 79.9) 72.5 (67.7 – 76.9) 80.1 (75.4 – 84.1) Timor–Leste 2006 69.3 (61.5 – 76.1) 66.4 (56.4 – 75.1) 71.5 (63.1 – 78.6) 85.9 (81.5 – 89.4) 87.8 (82.3 – 91.8) 84.7 (79.6 – 88.6) 33.5 (28.3 – 39.1) 40.4 (32.4 – 49.0) 28.0 (22.9 – 33.7) 2009 82.9 (77.1 – 87.9) 82.9 (74.7 – 88.8) 83.0 (77.2 – 87.7) 69.2 (64.2 – 73.7) 67.8 (60.0 – 74.8) 69.8 (60.9 – 77.5) – – – 2013 74.9 (66.4 – 81.9) 76.8 (67.9 – 83.8) 73.1 (64.7 – 80.2) 53.2 (42.9 – 63.2) 51.0 (36.7 – 65.0) 56.3 (45.1 – 66.9) 35.8 (28.9 – 43.3) 35.8 (27.0 – 45.7) 35.6 (26.6 – 45.7) Country Year Students who definitely thought other people's tobacco smoking is harmful to them Students who favor banning smoking inside enclosed public places12† Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 83.3 (79.4 – 86.6) 86.6 (79.5 – 91.5) 81.6 (76.8 – 85.5) 74.9 (63.6 – 83.7) 81.4 (70.1 – 89.1) 70.3 (58.2 – 80.2) 2013 82.0 (75.6 – 87.0) 82.1 (74.7 – 87.7) 81.8 (69.6 – 89.8) 72.5 (66.7 – 77.7) 72.6 (66.9 – 77.6) 72.3 (59.2 – 82.5) Bhutan 2004 63.4 (57.7 – 68.8) 61.9 (52.5 – 70.6) 64.3 (59.0 – 69.3) 19.8 (12.5 – 29.9) 21.7 (13.9 – 32.2) 17.9 (10.8 – 28.3) 2006 62.1 (55.3 – 68.4) 64.6 (57.4 – 71.1) 60.5 (52.3 – 68.2) 47.0 (37.2 – 57.1) 49.6 (39.7 – 59.7) 45.0 (34.9 – 55.6) 2009 72.8 (67.4 – 77.7) 73.5 (66.7 – 79.4) 72.4 (66.3 – 77.7) 44.1 (35.5 – 53.1) 45.4 (37.4 – 53.7) 42.9 (33.0 – 53.4) 2013 78.9 (75.3 – 82.1) 78.5 (72.4 – 83.6) 79.2 (75.1 – 82.9) 49.1 (43.2 – 55.1) 50.5 (42.8 – 58.1) 48.0 (41.7 – 54.5) India 2006 67.9 (64.8 – 70.8) 66.6 (63.0 – 70.0) 69.6 (66.0 – 73.0) 74.0 (70.6 – 77.1) 73.9 (69.7 – 77.7) 74.1 (69.7 – 78.0) 2009 66.8 (64.1 – 69.4) 63.6 (60.4 – 66.7) 71.6 (67.3 – 75.6) 63.9 (61.1 – 66.6) 64.2 (60.8 – 67.5) 63.4 (59.2 – 67. 5) Indonesia 2014 72.5 (69.8 – 75.0) 67.6 (64.9 – 70.3) 77.6 (74.1 – 80.7) 89.4 (87.1 – 91.4) 87.6 (85.3 – 89.6) 91.3 (88.4 – 93.5) Myanmar 2007 48.4 (44.5 – 52.4) 49.2 (44.2 – 54.2) 47.9 (43.2 – 52.7) 88.9 (85.5 – 91.6) 87.7 (84.2 – 90.5) 90.0 (85.4 – 93.3) 2011 51.1 (45.8 – 56.3) 50.9 (45.6 – 56.2) 51.3 (44.4 – 58.2) 90.6 (86.9 – 93.3) 88.6 (83.7 – 92.2) 92.7 (89.5 – 94.9) 2016 65.0 (59.9 – 69.8) 59.9 (54.6 – 64.9) 69.1 (63.0 – 74.6) 94.6 (93.1 – 95.8) 94.2 (90.0 – 95.8) 94.9 (92.7 – 96.5) Nepal 2007 77.3 (71.0 – 82.5) 74.1 (67.5 – 79.7) 80.9 (74.2 – 86.2) 55.7 (49.0 – 62.2) 58.3 (50.4 – 65.8) 52.8 (45.2 – 60.3) 2011 62.5 (56.8 – 67.8) 64.8 (57.3 – 71.7) 60.8 (54.4 – 66.9) 66.2 (60.1 – 71.1) 66.5 (60.2 – 72.2) 66.2 (57.9 – 73.5) Sri Lanka 2003 71.4 (66.6 – 75.7) 68.7 (61.6 – 75.1) 74.7 (69.3 – 79.4) 93.0 (90.9 – 94.7) 91.8 (89.1 – 93.8) 94.4 (91.6 – 96.3) 2007 77.8 (73.3 – 81.8) 74.4 (67.7 – 80.1) 81.3 (76.1 – 85.5) 87.9 (83.1 – 91.5) 85.8 (80.0 – 90.1) 90.1 (83.1 – 94.1) 2011 87.4 (85.8 – 88.9) 84.9 (82.8 – 86.8) 90.2 (88.2 – 91.8) 88.9 (86.8 – 90.6) 87.7 (85.2 – 89.9) 90.3 (87.6 – 92.5) 2015 86.2 (81.8 – 89.7) 82.8 (75.8 – 88.1) 89.6 (83.9 – 93.5) 96.4 (95.2 – 97.3) 95.7 (93.7 – 97.1) 97.3 (95.6 – 98.4) Thailand 2005 68.6 (64.5 – 72.5) 68.5 (66.3 – 70.7) 70.8 (63.9 – 76.9) 88.1 (83.1 – 91.8) 87.8 (86.3 – 89.2) 89.5 (79.2 – 95.0) 2009 79.1 (77.2 – 80.9) 75.3 (72.2 – 78.2) 82.8 (80.9 – 84.6) 83.4 (81.6 – 85.0) 80.6 (77.7 – 83.2) 86.0 (84.3 – 87.5) 2015 77.6 (74.7 – 80.4) 72.6 (67.6 – 77.0) 83.0 (79.0 – 86.3) – – – Timor–Leste 2006 31.7 (27.6 – 36.1) 31.7 (26.4 – 37.5) 31.8 (27.0 – 37.0) 39.9 (35.9 – 44.0) 45.3 (37.9 – 52.9) 36.2 (30.9 – 41.8) 2009 34.0 (29.0 – 39.3) 34.6 (28.3 – 41.5) 33.5 (27.9 – 39.6) 56.6 (50.3 – 62.8) 56.1 (48.4 – 63.6) 56.6 (49.1 – 63.8) 2013 34.9 (28.8 – 41.6) 29.1 (23.2 – 35.9) 41.1 (33.2 – 49.4) 19.6 (15.7 – 24.2) 21.1 (17.2 – 32.7) 14.9 (12.3 – 18.0) Country Year Noticing tobacco advertisements or promotions at point of sale/billboards in the past 30 days7 Noticing pro-cigarette ads in newspapers or magazines or on television, videos, or movies in the past 30 days8 Students who were ever offered a free tobacco product from a tobacco company representative Students who own something with a tobacco brand logo on it9 Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 – – – 84.7 (79.2 – 88.9) 85.4 (81.0 – 88.9) 84.0 (76.2 – 89.6) 6.4 (4.3 – 9.4) 8.6 (5.9 – 12.3) 4.6 (2.8 – 7.5) 12.8 (10.0 – 16.4) 15.3 (10.2 – 22.2) 10.9 (7.4 – 15.7) 2013 52.3 (42.2 – 62.3) 57.2 (45.6 – 68.1) 42.4 (29.3 – 56.7) 77.2 (71.6 – 82.0) 80.2 (74.9 – 84.6) 71.5 (60.8 – 80.2) 6.3 (3.5 – 11.2) 8.8 (4.8 – 15.5) 1.8 (0.9 – 3.9) 9.0 (6.2 – 12.8) 11.1 (7.4 – 16.5) 5.0 (3.2 – 7.7) Bhutan 2004 – – – 93.0 (89.9 – 95.2) 93.7 (89.2 – 96.4) 92.9 (89.3 – 95.4) 13.7 (11.4 – 16.5) 14.0 (11.0 – 17.7) 12.9 (9.5 – 17.3) 9.1 (6.6 – 12.6) 8.0 (4.1 – 14.7) 10.2 (7.5 – 13.8) 2006 – – – 93.5 (89.7 – 96.0) 91.9 (85.0 – 95.7) 94.9 (92.0 – 96.8) 11.1 (8.0 – 15.1) 14.1 (9.9 – 19.6) 8.6 (6.1 – 12.1) 10.5 (8.7 – 12.6) 11.9 (8.4 – 16.7) 9.2 (7.0 – 11.9) 2009 – – – 98.4 (96.2 – 99.3) 98.9 (96.2 – 99.7) 98.2 (94.8 – 99.4) – – – 14.9 (11.5 – 18.9) 17.7 (12.8 – 23.8) 12.5 (8.6 – 17.8) 2013 43.6 (37.9 – 49.6) 46.4 (39.8 – 53.1) 41.3 (33.4 – 49.7) 79.8 (77.3 – 82.1) 79.0 (74.9 – 82.5) 80.5 (77.3 – 83.4) 9.7 (8.1 – 11.6) 11.9 (8.7 – 16.0) 7.9 (6.5 – 9.6) 14.0 (12.0 – 16.3) 18.6 (15.7 – 21.9) 10.2 (7.9 – 13.0) India 2006 71.6 (69.3 – 73.9) 72.8 (69.9 – 75.4) 70.0 (66.2 – 73.6) 92.4 (90.9 – 93.6) 92.8 (90.9 – 94.3) 91.8 (89.6 – 93.6) 11.2 (9.8 – 12.8) 12.0 (10.7 – 13.5) 10.0 (7.6 – 13.1) – – – 2009 74.4 (71.4 – 77.3) 75.4 (71.2 – 79.3) 73.1 (69.8 – 76.2) 90.0 (88.5 – 91.2) 89.7 (88.2 – 90.9) 90.4 (87.8 – 92.4) 8.1 (7.0 – 9.5) 9.0 (7.4 – 10.9) 6.8 (5.8 – 7.9) – – – Indonesia 2014 60.7 (56.2 – 64.9) 64.5 (59.3 – 69.3) 56.5 (51.6 – 61.2) 62.7 (57.9 – 67.3) 66.1 (60.3 – 71.4) 59.1 (54.6 – 63.5) 7.9 (6.3 – 9.9) 12.6 (9.8 – 15.9) 3.0 (2.1 – 4.5) 9.0 (7.4 – 10.9) 11.9 (9.8 – 14.5) 5.9 (4.5 – 7.7) Maldives 2004 – – – 74.6 (70.1 – 78.6) 78.3 (72.6 – 83.0) 68.0 (61.6 – 73.9) 10.6 (6.9 – 15.9) 13.7 (8.3 – 22.0) 5.3 (2.7 – 10.0) 13.0 (9.3 – 17.8) 16.3 (10.8 – 23.9) 7.0 (4.3 – 11.4) 2007 – – – 47.0 (44.4 – 49.6) 48.4 (44.4 – 52.4) 45.9 (42.8 – 49.0) 7.1 (5.6 – 9.1) 9.0 (6.4 – 12.5) 5.5 (4.1 – 7.4) 8.1 (6.3 – 10.3) 9.6 (7.1 – 12.8) 6.4 (4.8 – 8.4) 2011 41.4 (38.8 – 44.0) 44.4 (41.2 – 47.7) 38.5 (33.6 – 43.6) 42.7 (39.9 – 45.5) 43.2 (39.9 – 46.6) 41.7 (37.6 – 46.0) 7.4 (5.8 – 9.4) 9.1 (6.8 – 12.0) 5.9 (4.0 – 8.6) 10.0 (8.4 – 11.9) 12.0 (9.5 – 15.1) 7.7 (6.1 – 9.8) Myanmar 2007 74.3 (70.5 – 77.7) 74.7 (69.7 – 79.2) 73.9 (69.9 – 77.6) 63.8 (60.0 – 67.5) 63.5 (58.3 – 68.4) 64.3 (59.6 – 68.8) 8.7 (7.2 – 10.4) 9.5 (7.5 – 11.9) 7.9 (5.8 – 10.6) 8.6 (6.9 – 10.6) 9.5 (7.3 – 12.3) 7.7 (5.7 – 10.2) 2011 69.4 (65.4 – 73.1) 71.3 (66.5 – 75.7) 67.2 (62.2 – 71.9) 58.4 (53.4 – 63.3) 59.3 (53.2 – 65.2) 57.4 (51.9 – 62.7) 12.5 (9.8 – 15.8) 16.5 (12.5 – 21.3) 8.3 (5.7 – 12.0) 8.8 (6.9 – 11.1) 10.9 (8.4 – 14.0) 6.4 (4.5 – 8.9) 2016 42.3 (37.5 – 47.2) 47.3 (41.3 – 53.5) 37.0 (31.5 – 43.0) 83.4 (79.2 – 86.9) 85.3 (80.6 – 89.0) 81.8 (77.7 – 85.2) 5.9 (4.8 – 7.1) 8.7 (7.0 – 10.7) 3.6 (2.5 – 5.0) 5.6 (4.5 – 7.0) 7.3 (5.7 – 9.3) 4.2 (3.2 – 5.6) Nepal 2007 84.7 (80.5 – 88.1) 87.4 (80.7 – 92.0) 81.5 (74.7 – 86.8) 87.6 (82.7 – 91.2) 87.6 (82.6 – 91.3) 87.6 (80.3 – 92.4) 7.9 (5.3 – 11.4) 7.6 (4.6 – 12.4) 7.9 (5.2 – 11.8) 10.7 (8.3 – 13.6) 12.9 (9.6 – 17.1) 8.0 (5.8 – 11.1) 2011 79.1 (73.2 – 84.1) 78.5 (69.9 – 85.1) 79.9 (74.4 – 84.4) 75.3 (68.7 – 80.8) 76.0 (69.2 – 81.6) 74.7 (67.2 – 81.0) 13.1 (11.5 – 15.0) 15.7 (13.2 – 18.6) 10.5 (7.8 – 13.9) 13.7 (10.8 – 17.1) 13.8 (10.8 – 17.6) 13.3 (9.2 – 18.9) Sri Lanka 2003 79.3 (76.3 – 82.0) 81.6 (77.8 – 84.9) 76.8 (72.4 – 80.7) 78.4 (75.5 – 81.0) 77.8 (74.3 – 80.9) 78.9 (74.3 – 82.9) 5.9 (4.7 – 7.5) 7.5 (5.7 – 9.8) 4.2 (2.9 – 6.1) 11.0 (9.3 – 12.9) 9.8 (7.3 – 12.9) 11.8 (9.3 – 14.9) 2007 67.4 (62.6 – 71.8) 69.3 (64.0 – 74.1) 65.5 (59.5 – 71.1) 68.4 (64.5 – 72.1) 68.8 (62.1 – 74.7) 68.0 (63.1 – 72.6) 3.0 (1.7 – 5.0) 2.7 (1.3 – 5.7) 3.2 (1.8 – 5.8) 5.7 (4.1 – 7.9) 6.0 (4.0 – 9.0) 5.5 (3.7 – 8.0) 2011 – – – 62.1 (59.8 – 64.4) 59.7 (56.5 – 62.9) 64.1 (61.3 – 66.9) 2.9 (2.3 – 3.8) 4.2 (3.1 – 5.7) 1.8 (1.3 – 2.5) 4.6 (3.8 – 5.5) 5.7 (4.5 – 7.3) 3.5 (2.6 – 4.6) 2015 44.6 (37.7 – 51.7) 47.5 (41.3 – 53.7) 41.6 (31.6 – 52.2) 83.1 (77.6 – 87.5) 85.0 (78.2 – 89.9) 81.2 (74.5 – 86.4) 2.0 (1.2 – 3.5) 2.9 (1.7 – 4.9) 1.2 (0.4 – 3.4) 2.9 (1.8 – 4.5) 3.8 (2.2 – 6.6) 1.9 (1.1 – 3.6) Thailand 2005 – – – – – – 10.2 (8.2 – 12.7) 11.3 (10.0 – 12.7) 8.9 (5.6 – 14.0) 42.0 (38.6 – 45.4) 42.5 (40.2 – 44.8) 41.1 (35.5 – 46.9) 2009 – – – 31.0 (29.1 – 32.9) 33.2 (30.4 – 36.1) 28.8 (26.8 – 31.0) 5.5 (4.6 – 6.5) 7.5 (6.2 – 9.0) 3.5 (2.7 – 4.6) 9.3 (8.4 – 10.4) 12.9 (11.3 – 14.6) 5.9 (5.1 – 6.9) 2015 35.5 (31.2 – 40.0) 37.5 (30.8 – 44.7) 33.5 (29.4 – 37.8) 77.4 (74.3 – 80.3) 76.2 (72.2 – 79.8) 78.7 (75.4 – 81.6) 7.3 (5.3 – 9.9) 10.2 (7.3 – 14.1) 4.2 (2.6 – 6.8) 10.5 (8.8 – 12.4) 13.4 (11.0 – 16.2) 7.4 (6.0 – 9.2) Timor–Leste 2006 – – – 61.4 (55.6 – 66.9) 60.5 (49.7 – 70.4) 61.7 (55.3 – 67.7) 21.9 (15.7 – 29.6) 27.6 (19.8 – 37.0) 17.0 (11.7 – 24.2) 34.3 (28.0 – 41.3) 39.4 (32.5 – 46.9) 29.8 (22.6 – 38.2) 2009 – – – 92.7 (89.7 – 94.9) 93.9 (88.9 – 96.7) 91.9 (87.6 – 94.8) 23.0 (17.3 – 29.8) 24.4 (17.4 – 33.2) 21.4 (16.1 – 27.9) 23.1 (16.9 – 30.6) 27.1 (18.8 – 37.4) 19.6 (14.2 – 26.4) 2013 79.0 (72.1 – 84.6) 81.1 (73.8 – 86.7) 76.9 (67.2 – 84.4) 88.6 (80.1 – 93.7) 92.0 (85.5 – 95.8) 84.6 (72.3 – 92.0) 12.4 (9.5 – 16.0) 16.1 (11.8 – 21.7) 8.5 (6.5 – 11.1) 12.8 (8.9 – 18.2) 14.2 (9.1 – 21.4) 11.2 (7.6 – 16.3) Secondhand smoke Access and availability Media: Tobacco industry advertising Media: Anti-tobacco advertising Knowledge and Attitudes 1Used any tobacco product (smoked or smokeless) anytime during the past 30 days 2Smoked any tobacco product anytime during the past 30 days 3Used any smokeless tobacco product anytime during the past 30 days 4Smoked cigarettes anytime during the past 30 days 5Youth who were exposed to tobacco smoke at home in the past 7 days 6Youth who were exposed to tobacco smoke in enclosed public places in the past 7 days. 7Youth who saw any advertisements or promotions for tobacco products at point of sale (such as stores, shops, kiosks, etc.) in the past 30 days 8Youth who saw someone using tobacco on television, videos, or movies in the past 30 days 9Youth who have something (e.g., t-shirt, pen, backpack) with a tobacco product brand logo on it. 10Youth who saw or heard any anti-tobacco messages in the media (e.g., television, radio, internet, billboards, posters, newspapers, magazines, or movies) in the past 30 days 11Youth who saw or heard any anti-tobacco messages at sporting events, fairs, concerts, community events, or social gatherings in the past 30 days 12Youth who are in favor of banning smoking in enclosed public places (such as schools, shops, restaurants, shopping malls, and movie theaters) †Figures are taken for enclosed or outdoor public places; after year 2011 enclosed public places and outdoor public places are separate entity. CI refers to 95% confidence interval - Indicates either question was not asked or data not available. * Sample size less than 35 is not reported as standard protocol of GYTS Acknowledgement: WHO sincerely acknowledge the contribution of researchers involved as principal investigators, schools and students and partners such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta USA and others. For more information please refer our website http://www.searo.who.int/nts PDF version of this publication and Excel data can be download from: http://www.searo.who.int/entity/ncd_tobacco_surveillance/documents/NTS_Publication Technical notes and definitions Country Year Exposed to tobacco smoke at home during the past seven days5 Exposed to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place during the past seven days6† Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 34.7 (27.3 – 42.8) 37.8 (29.6 – 46.8) 32.4 (23.8 – 42.5) 42.2 (34.0 – 50.8) 47.1 (39.7 – 54.6) 38.7 (28.7 – 49.7) 2013 31.1 (24.8 – 38.2) 33.0 (24.9 – 42.2) 27.7 (19.7 – 37.5) 59.0 (53.1 – 64.7) 61.3 (55.6 – 66.7) 54.8 (42.1 – 66.9) Bhutan 2004 29.2 (25.2 – 33.5) 30.7 (24.4 – 37.7) 27.0 (22.9 – 31.6) 47.4 (40.7 – 54.3) 45.0 (35.1 – 55.4) 49.5 (42.5 – 56.6) 2006 31.9 (29.0 – 35.1) 32.5 (26.9 – 38.5) 31.1 (28.0 – 34.5) 54.5 (47.2 – 61.6) 57.8 (49.4 – 65.8) 51.7 (43.8 – 59.6) 2009 29.5 (25.9 – 33.4) 29.2 (24.3 – 34.6) 29.5 (25.1 – 34.3) 59.4 (54.5 – 64.0) 58.6 (54.1 – 63.0) 59.7 (53.7 – 65.4) 2013 15.3 (13.0 – 17.9) 16.3 (11.5 – 22.5) 14.4 (12.2 – 17.0) 42.8 (39.1 – 46.6) 43.0 (37.9 – 48.3) 42.7 (38.4 – 47.1) India 2003 36.2 (34.7 – 37.7) – – 48.8 (47.2 – 50.3) – – 2006 26.6 (23.9 – 29.4) 29.2 (25.7 – 32.9) 23.1 (19.8 – 26.6) 40.3 (37.2 – 43.4) 43.7 (40.0 – 47.4) 35.6 (31.4 – 40.0) 2009 21.9 (19.9 – 24.2) 24.1 (21.4 – 26.9) 18.8 (15.7 – 22.4) 36.6 (33.6 – 39.6) 39.0 (35.7 – 42.4) 33.1 (28.9 – 37.6) Indonesia 2014 57.3 (50.3 – 64.1) 61.7 (53.9 – 69.0) 52.7 (45.9 – 59.3) 60.1 (54.6 – 65.3) 62.1 (55.2 – 68.6) 57.8 (52.8 – 62.7) Maldives 2004 45.4 (41.5 – 49.4) 42.1 (36.8 – 47.6) 49.6 (44.2 – 55.0) 69.2 (64.8 – 73.2) 67.9 (62.0 – 73.3) 70.9 (64.3 – 76.7) 2007 48.3 (44.7 – 52.0) 49.4 (45.4 – 53.3) 47.1 (42.8 – 51.5) 68.0 (65.2 – 70.6) 70.6 (66.8 – 74.2) 65.4 (61.3 – 69.3) 2011 34.5 (30.2 – 39.0) 35.1 (30.3 – 40.3) 33.1 (27.6 – 39.1) 43.0 (38.0 – 48.0) 50.7 (47.2 – 54.3) 34.8 (27.2 – 43.2) Myanmaar 2007 34.1 (29.6 – 38.9) 38.8 (33.0 – 45.0) 29.4 (24.5 – 34.9) 46.4 (41.9 – 51.1) 51.2 (45.1 – 57.2) 42.1 (35.7 – 48.7) 2011 32.2 (27.5 – 37.3) 37.6 (31.3 – 44.4) 26.8 (21.3 – 33.2) 38.4 (34.1 – 42.9) 41.9 (35.4 – 48.6) 35.1 (30.7 – 39.7) 2016 33.2 (28.2 – 38.5) 37.7 (32.3 – 43.4) 29.5 (24.1 – 35.6) 28.4 (24.6 – 32.5) 32.8 (27.7 – 38.4) 24.8 (20.7 – 29.4) Nepal 2007 35.3 (29.6 – 41.6) 38.5 (31.7 – 45.8) 31.7 (25.4 – 38.8) 47.3 (41.8 – 52.9) 49.5 (43.8 – 55.3) 44.7 (36.8 – 52.8) 2011 38.4 (32.8 – 44.3) 40.4 (32.4 – 48.8) 36.3 (31.1 – 41.9) 48.6 (43.8 – 53.4) 51.8 (45.1 – 58.4) 45.5 (39.7 – 51.5) Sri Lanka 2003 50.9 (47.6 – 54.2) 52.5 (47.9 – 57.1) 49.3 (45.3 – 53.2) – – – 2007 35.4 (31.5 – 39.6) 37.6 (32.8 – 42.6) 33.4 (28.0 – 39.2) 65.9 (62.1 – 69.5) 66.5 (60.5 – 72.1) 65.1 (60.5 – 69.4) 2011 21.2 (19.2 – 23.4) 23.1 (20.3 – 26.1) 19.2 (16.8 – 22.0) 42.5 (39.8 – 45.1) 43.0 (39.8 – 46.3) 41.8 (38.4 – 45.2) 2015 13.4 (9.6 – 18.5) 13.9 (9.3 – 20.1) 13.0 (9.3 – 18.0) 35.7 (32.8 – 38.7) 39.6 (34.7 – 44.7) 31.7 (27.5 – 36.2) Thailand 2005 49.0 (45.9 – 52.0) 47.4 (45.3 – 49.5) 48.6 (43.1 – 54.1) 68.2 (64.8 – 71.4) 68.4 (66.1 – 70.6) 67.9 (61.8 – 73.5) 2009 45.7 (43.9 – 47.5) 46.6 (43.5 – 49.6) 44.7 (42.2 – 47.2) 67.6 (65.5 – 69.6) 68.0 (64.9 – 70.9) 67.1 (65.0 – 69.2) 2015 33.8 (29.6 – 38.3) 31.3 (26.1 – 37.0) 36.6 (32.1 – 41.4) 38.6 (33.5 – 44.0) 31.3 (26.2 – 36.9) 46.5 (39.6 – 53.4) Timor–Leste 2006 63.2 (56.4 – 69.6) 66.0 (57.4 – 73.7) 61.1 (53.0 – 68.6) 69.8 (64.3 – 74.8) 74.2 (68.1 – 79.4) 65.7 (58.8 – 72.0) 2009 59.4 (51.3 – 67.0) 66.7 (56.4 – 75.6) 52.1 (43.8 – 60.3) 61.3 (55.2 – 67.1) 66.7 (59.4 – 73.4) 56.0 (48.6 – 63.1) 2013 66.0 (57.7 – 73.4) 69.6 (58.6 – 75.8) 62.1 (52.0 – 71.2) 69.9 (61.8 – 76.9) 72.3 (62.7 – 80.3) 67.3 (58.9 – 74.8) Country Year Current smokers who obtained cigarettes by buying them from a store, shop, or street vendor in the past 30 days Current smokers were NOT refused from buying cigarettes because of their age during the past 30 days Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 38.3 (17.2 – 64.9) 49.1 (26.7 – 71.8) * * * * 2013 84.8 (57.6 – 95.8) 84.9 (57.6 – 95.9) * 86.1 (50.0 – 97.5) 86.1 (50.0 – 97.5) * Bhutan 2004 41.3 (29.3 – 54.4) 49.2 (32.4 – 66.1) * * * * 2006 36.4 (24.8 – 49.8) 40.6 (28.0 – 54.4) * 59.2 (42.2 – 74.2) * * 2009 23.7 (16.4 – 33.0) 28.5 (17.2 – 43.3) 17.2 (9.7 – 28.8) * * * 2013 54.5 (46.5 – 62.4) 58.0 (49.9 – 65.6) 45.3 (29.5 – 62.1) 47.8 (39.4 – 56.3) 47.4 (36.5 – 58.6) 48.7 (32.2 – 65.6) India 2003 64.8 (57.7 – 71.2) – – 55.3 (41.8 – 68.1) – – 2006 51.9 (44.2 – 59.4) 51.7 (43.7 – 59.6) 52.6 (39.6 – 65.2) 72.1 (62.2 – 80.2) 70.4 (59.6 – 79.2) 79.4 (56.1 – 92.1) 2009 47.0 (38.1 – 56.1) 46.1 (34.7 – 58.0) 48.7 (38.4 – 59.0) 56.2 (44.4 – 67.3) 55.2 (41.4 – 68.1) 61.3 (42.4 – 77.2) Indonesia 2014 64.9 (57.3 – 71.9) 65.4 (57.0 – 73.0) 63.5 (50.3 – 74.9) 64.5 (59.0 – 69.7) 64.4 (58.6 – 69.9) * Maldives 2004 57.0 (43.9 – 69.2) 58.8 (42.7 – 73.2) * * * * 2007 34.0 (22.1 – 48.3) 38.4 (26.6 – 51.8) * * * * 2011 34.0 (24.1 – 45.7) 38.9 (25.5 – 54.4) * * * * Myanmar 2007 23.7 (16.1 – 33.4) 22.4 (14.7 – 32.7) * * * * 2011 39.2 (28.0 – 51.3) 40.3 (29.2 – 52.5) * * * * 2016 54.5 (47.3 – 61.5) 54.7 (46.3 – 62.9) * 62.9 (51.4 – 73.0) 64.7 (52.4 – 75.3) * Nepal 2007 38.1 (23.1 – 55.7) 43.1 (26.7 – 61.2) * * * * 2011 27.1 (12.8 – 48.6) * * * * * Sri Lanka 2011 20.3 (10.8 – 34.8) 18.6 (9.4 – 33.5) * – – – 2015 * * * * * * Thailand 2005 38.1 (31.7 – 45.1) 40.3 (34.2 – 46.6) 31.8 (21.5 – 44.4) 28.3 (18.9 – 40.1) 25.2 (16.9 – 35.7) 54.7 (34.9 – 73.1) 2009 47.9 (41.4 – 54.6) 50.2 (43.3 – 57.1) 33.5 (24.1 – 44.4) 38.3 (31.5 – 45.5) 35.4 (28.8 – 42.6) 58.6 (37.8 – 76.8) 2015 67.4 (58.5 – 75.3) 68.0 (56.2 – 78.0) 65.7 (51.3 – 77.7) 44.0 (31.7 – 57.1) 40.8 (26.2 – 57.3) 53.5 (37.3 – 69.0) Timor–Leste 2006 24.1 (17.6 – 32.1) 23.3 (17.4 – 30.5) 23.2 (11.4 – 41.7) 41.2 (23.6 – 57.4) * * 2009 55.0 (43.4 – 66.1) 49.8 (33.7 – 66.1) 64.4 (44.4 – 80.4) 64.0 (45.5 – 79.1) 63.6 (41.1 – 81.4) * 2013 82.7 (75.3 – 88.3) 84.2 (77.1 – 89.4) 77.9 (59.3 – 89.4) 46.7 (38.8 – 54.7) 46.3 (38.3 – 54.4) 49.0 (35.2 – 63.0) Country Year Noticing anti-tobacco messages in the media during past 30 days10 Noticing anti-tobacco messages at sporting or community events11 Students who were taught in school about the dangers of tobacco use in the past 12 months Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 87.6 (83.9 – 90.5) 86.9 (78.1 – 92.6) 88.5 (81.9 – 92.9) 91.2 (89.0 – 93.0) 88.7 (84.1 – 92.0) 92.8 (88.9 – 95.4) 54.2 (45.8 – 62.5) 56.8 (46.1 – 66.9) 52.8 (40.9 – 64.3) 2013 66.2 (59.4 – 72.5) 65.9 (58.1 – 72.9) 66.8 (57.2 – 75.3) 58.0 (48.5 – 67.0) 55.8 (43.9 – 67.1) 62.3 (48.7 – 74.2) 57.7 (50.0 – 65.0) 55.2 (45.7 – 64.3) 62.1 (49.4 – 73.4) Bhutan 2004 74.5 (69.2 – 79.3) 71.9 (62.3 – 79.8) 76.5 (66.1 – 84.5) 71.9 (64.8 – 78.2) 72.3 (62.9 – 80.1) 71.0 (61.2 – 79.1) 56.7 (49.5 – 63.5) 57.9 (50.3 – 65.1) 55.6 (46.6 – 64.2) 2006 82.6 (76.4 – 87.4) 83.7 (77.4 – 88.5) 81.6 (74.2 – 87.2) 79.2 (72.3 – 84.8) 78.0 (70.3 – 84.1) 79.6 (72.3 – 85.3) 59.8 (52.7 – 66.5) 59.9 (51.7 – 67.7) 59.2 (52.5 – 65.5) 2009 86.9 (83.4 – 89.8) 85.2 (80.0 – 89.3) 88.3 (82.2 – 92.5) 83.1 (79.8 – 86.0) 84.4 (75.5 – 90.5) 82.1 (76.5 – 86.6) 61.6 (55.8 – 67.1) 63.8 (56.6 – 70.4) 60.9 (54.9 – 66.7) 2013 74.0 (70.4 – 77.2) 72.7 (67.2 – 77.5) 75.1 (71.7 – 78.2) 59.3 (55.4 – 63.0) 56.8 (49.7 – 63.5) 61.6 (55.9 – 67.0) 60.8 (55.9 – 65.4) 60.8 (53.6 – 67.7) 60.7 (56.4 – 64.9) India 2006 74.0 (71.9 – 76.0) 74.3 (72.0 – 76.5) 73.5 (70.0 – 76.9) 80.2 (77.5 – 82.7) 81.4 (78.6 – 83.9) 78.5 (74.4 – 82.0) 54.4 (51.9 – 57.0) 53.6 (50.5 – 56.6) 55.6 (51.5 – 59.7) 2009 77.5 (74.5 – 80.3) 77.6 (73.7 – 81.1) 77.6 (73.9 – 80.9) 82.0 (79.5 – 84.3) 83.1 (80.6 – 85.2) 80.6 (76.6 – 84.1) 63.3 (60.8 – 65.8) 63.6 (60.2 – 66.9) 63.2 (59.2 – 66.3) Indonesia 2014 70.1 (67.2 – 72.9) 70.6 (66.8 – 74.1) 69.6 (66.9 – 72.2) 47.3 (42.6 – 52.1) 50.5 (45.6 – 55.3) 43.3 (37.6 – 49.2) 69.3 (66.7 – 71.7) 70.5 (67.2 – 73.7) 68.0 (65.0 – 70.8) Maldives 2004 91.6 (88.5 – 93.9) 89.5 (85.5 – 92.5) 95.1 (90.7 – 97.5) 87.1 (83.4 – 90.1) 87.7 (81.9 – 91.9) 86.7 (81.9 – 90.4) 39.8 (33.7 – 46.2) 38.1 (32.2 – 44.4) 43.0 (31.2 – 55.5) 2007 90.0 (88.6 – 91.3) 88.1 (85.8 – 90.1) 91.7 (89.6 – 93.4) 82.0 (79.2 – 84.6) 80.9 (78.0 – 83.5) 83.1 (79.3 – 86.3) 43.8 (39.0 – 48.7) 39.9 (33.5 – 46.8) 47.2 (39.9 – 54.7) 2011 87.6 (85.4 – 89.5) 86.3 (83.5 – 88.7) 88.9 (85.5 – 91.6) – – – 40.9 (36.8 – 45.2) 40.4 (35.4 – 45.6) 41.5 (35.2 – 48.2) Myanmar 2007 93.4 (91.2 – 95.0) 91.9 (88.4 – 94.4) 94.7 (92.7 – 96.2) 88.0 (85.5 – 90.0) 88.2 (85.3 – 90.6) 87.5 (83.8 – 90.5) 65.4 (61.2 – 69.4) 65.0 (59.5 – 70.1) 66.1 (60.0 – 71.7) 2011 91.8 (89.6 – 93.6) 91.6 (89.1 – 93.7) 91.9 (88.8 – 94.2) – – – 65.3 (58.8 – 71.3) 60.7 (52.1 – 68.7) 70.1 (63.6 – 75.8) 2016 80.2 (77.3 – 82.9) 80.8 (77.1 – 83.9) 79.9 (76.0 – 83.2) 59.6 (55.2 – 63.9) 56.3 (51.8 – 60.7) 62.7 (56.7 – 68.3) 64.2 (58.9 – 69.2) 61.4 (55.2 – 67.3) 66.4 (60.9 – 71.5) Nepal 2007 92.0 (88.2 – 94.7) 90.4 (84.4 – 94.3) 93.8 (91.0 – 95.8) 85.7 (82.5 – 88.4) 86.2 (82.2 – 89.3) 85.1 (79.4 – 89.5) 65.8 (62.0 – 69.5) 63.2 (58.9 – 67.4) 68.8 (62.9 – 74.2) 2011 87.1 (82.5 – 90.6) 85.3 (80.0 – 89.4) 88.7 (82.8 – 92.8) – – – 79.3 (74.8 – 83.2) 76.8 (70.9 – 81.9) 82.3 (76.8 – 86.7) Sri Lanka 2003 – – – 84.7 (80.3 – 88.2) 81.7 (74.5 – 87.2) 87.5 (84.4 – 90.1) 79.8 (75.8 – 83.3) 78.5 (72.5 – 83.5) 81.4 (77.4 – 84.8) 2007 84.5 (81.3 – 87.2) 82.7 (78.6 – 86.2) 86.3 (82.3 – 89.4) 88.1 (84.8 – 90.7) 87.0 (81.7 – 90.9) 89.1 (85.8 – 91.7) 72.8 (67.1 – 77.8) 65.8 (58.3 – 72.5) 79.8 (74.8 – 84.0) 2011 – – – – – – 69.6 (66.2 – 72.8) 67.9 (63.7 – 71.9) 71.7 (67.7 – 75.3) 2015 88.0 (84.5 – 90.8) 88.5 (83.8 – 91.9) 87.6 (82.6 – 91.3) 57.9 (50.8 – 64.7) 59.0 (51.0 – 66.6) 56.3 (47.3 – 64.8) 78.9 (71.8 – 84.6) 76.3 (66.5 – 83.9) 81.5 (72.5 – 88.0) Thailand 2005 91.9 (90.7 – 92.9) 90.0 (88.9 – 91.0) 94.5 (93.6 – 95.3) 92.8 (91.6 – 93.9) 91.7 (90.5 – 92.8) 94.9 (94.0 – 95.8) 61.9 (58.6 – 65.2) 63.4 (61.3 – 65.5) 62.6 (56.2 – 68.5) 2009 89.5 (87.9 – 90.9) 86.5 (84.4 – 88.3) 92.3 (90.9 – 93.5) 90.4 (89.3 – 91.5) 89.1 (87.3 – 90.7) 91.6 (90.3 – 92.7) 59.6 (56.9 – 62.2) 55.3 (52.3 – 58.2) 63.7 (60.5 – 66.8) 2015 74.9 (70.6 – 78.7) 69.8 (64.3 – 74.8) 80.1 (76.3 – 83.4) 72.2 (68.1 – 75.9) 74.1 (68.9 – 78.6) 70.5 (65.9 – 74.7) 76.2 (72.1 – 79.9) 72.5 (67.7 – 76.9) 80.1 (75.4 – 84.1) Timor–Leste 2006 69.3 (61.5 – 76.1) 66.4 (56.4 – 75.1) 71.5 (63.1 – 78.6) 85.9 (81.5 – 89.4) 87.8 (82.3 – 91.8) 84.7 (79.6 – 88.6) 33.5 (28.3 – 39.1) 40.4 (32.4 – 49.0) 28.0 (22.9 – 33.7) 2009 82.9 (77.1 – 87.9) 82.9 (74.7 – 88.8) 83.0 (77.2 – 87.7) 69.2 (64.2 – 73.7) 67.8 (60.0 – 74.8) 69.8 (60.9 – 77.5) – – – 2013 74.9 (66.4 – 81.9) 76.8 (67.9 – 83.8) 73.1 (64.7 – 80.2) 53.2 (42.9 – 63.2) 51.0 (36.7 – 65.0) 56.3 (45.1 – 66.9) 35.8 (28.9 – 43.3) 35.8 (27.0 – 45.7) 35.6 (26.6 – 45.7) Country Year Students who definitely thought other people's tobacco smoking is harmful to them Students who favor banning smoking inside enclosed public places12† Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 83.3 (79.4 – 86.6) 86.6 (79.5 – 91.5) 81.6 (76.8 – 85.5) 74.9 (63.6 – 83.7) 81.4 (70.1 – 89.1) 70.3 (58.2 – 80.2) 2013 82.0 (75.6 – 87.0) 82.1 (74.7 – 87.7) 81.8 (69.6 – 89.8) 72.5 (66.7 – 77.7) 72.6 (66.9 – 77.6) 72.3 (59.2 – 82.5) Bhutan 2004 63.4 (57.7 – 68.8) 61.9 (52.5 – 70.6) 64.3 (59.0 – 69.3) 19.8 (12.5 – 29.9) 21.7 (13.9 – 32.2) 17.9 (10.8 – 28.3) 2006 62.1 (55.3 – 68.4) 64.6 (57.4 – 71.1) 60.5 (52.3 – 68.2) 47.0 (37.2 – 57.1) 49.6 (39.7 – 59.7) 45.0 (34.9 – 55.6) 2009 72.8 (67.4 – 77.7) 73.5 (66.7 – 79.4) 72.4 (66.3 – 77.7) 44.1 (35.5 – 53.1) 45.4 (37.4 – 53.7) 42.9 (33.0 – 53.4) 2013 78.9 (75.3 – 82.1) 78.5 (72.4 – 83.6) 79.2 (75.1 – 82.9) 49.1 (43.2 – 55.1) 50.5 (42.8 – 58.1) 48.0 (41.7 – 54.5) India 2006 67.9 (64.8 – 70.8) 66.6 (63.0 – 70.0) 69.6 (66.0 – 73.0) 74.0 (70.6 – 77.1) 73.9 (69.7 – 77.7) 74.1 (69.7 – 78.0) 2009 66.8 (64.1 – 69.4) 63.6 (60.4 – 66.7) 71.6 (67.3 – 75.6) 63.9 (61.1 – 66.6) 64.2 (60.8 – 67.5) 63.4 (59.2 – 67. 5) Indonesia 2014 72.5 (69.8 – 75.0) 67.6 (64.9 – 70.3) 77.6 (74.1 – 80.7) 89.4 (87.1 – 91.4) 87.6 (85.3 – 89.6) 91.3 (88.4 – 93.5) Myanmar 2007 48.4 (44.5 – 52.4) 49.2 (44.2 – 54.2) 47.9 (43.2 – 52.7) 88.9 (85.5 – 91.6) 87.7 (84.2 – 90.5) 90.0 (85.4 – 93.3) 2011 51.1 (45.8 – 56.3) 50.9 (45.6 – 56.2) 51.3 (44.4 – 58.2) 90.6 (86.9 – 93.3) 88.6 (83.7 – 92.2) 92.7 (89.5 – 94.9) 2016 65.0 (59.9 – 69.8) 59.9 (54.6 – 64.9) 69.1 (63.0 – 74.6) 94.6 (93.1 – 95.8) 94.2 (90.0 – 95.8) 94.9 (92.7 – 96.5) Nepal 2007 77.3 (71.0 – 82.5) 74.1 (67.5 – 79.7) 80.9 (74.2 – 86.2) 55.7 (49.0 – 62.2) 58.3 (50.4 – 65.8) 52.8 (45.2 – 60.3) 2011 62.5 (56.8 – 67.8) 64.8 (57.3 – 71.7) 60.8 (54.4 – 66.9) 66.2 (60.1 – 71.1) 66.5 (60.2 – 72.2) 66.2 (57.9 – 73.5) Sri Lanka 2003 71.4 (66.6 – 75.7) 68.7 (61.6 – 75.1) 74.7 (69.3 – 79.4) 93.0 (90.9 – 94.7) 91.8 (89.1 – 93.8) 94.4 (91.6 – 96.3) 2007 77.8 (73.3 – 81.8) 74.4 (67.7 – 80.1) 81.3 (76.1 – 85.5) 87.9 (83.1 – 91.5) 85.8 (80.0 – 90.1) 90.1 (83.1 – 94.1) 2011 87.4 (85.8 – 88.9) 84.9 (82.8 – 86.8) 90.2 (88.2 – 91.8) 88.9 (86.8 – 90.6) 87.7 (85.2 – 89.9) 90.3 (87.6 – 92.5) 2015 86.2 (81.8 – 89.7) 82.8 (75.8 – 88.1) 89.6 (83.9 – 93.5) 96.4 (95.2 – 97.3) 95.7 (93.7 – 97.1) 97.3 (95.6 – 98.4) Thailand 2005 68.6 (64.5 – 72.5) 68.5 (66.3 – 70.7) 70.8 (63.9 – 76.9) 88.1 (83.1 – 91.8) 87.8 (86.3 – 89.2) 89.5 (79.2 – 95.0) 2009 79.1 (77.2 – 80.9) 75.3 (72.2 – 78.2) 82.8 (80.9 – 84.6) 83.4 (81.6 – 85.0) 80.6 (77.7 – 83.2) 86.0 (84.3 – 87.5) 2015 77.6 (74.7 – 80.4) 72.6 (67.6 – 77.0) 83.0 (79.0 – 86.3) – – – Timor–Leste 2006 31.7 (27.6 – 36.1) 31.7 (26.4 – 37.5) 31.8 (27.0 – 37.0) 39.9 (35.9 – 44.0) 45.3 (37.9 – 52.9) 36.2 (30.9 – 41.8) 2009 34.0 (29.0 – 39.3) 34.6 (28.3 – 41.5) 33.5 (27.9 – 39.6) 56.6 (50.3 – 62.8) 56.1 (48.4 – 63.6) 56.6 (49.1 – 63.8) 2013 34.9 (28.8 – 41.6) 29.1 (23.2 – 35.9) 41.1 (33.2 – 49.4) 19.6 (15.7 – 24.2) 21.1 (17.2 – 32.7) 14.9 (12.3 – 18.0) Country Year Noticing tobacco advertisements or promotions at point of sale/billboards in the past 30 days7 Noticing pro-cigarette ads in newspapers or magazines or on television, videos, or movies in the past 30 days8 Students who were ever offered a free tobacco product from a tobacco company representative Students who own something with a tobacco brand logo on it9 Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 – – – 84.7 (79.2 – 88.9) 85.4 (81.0 – 88.9) 84.0 (76.2 – 89.6) 6.4 (4.3 – 9.4) 8.6 (5.9 – 12.3) 4.6 (2.8 – 7.5) 12.8 (10.0 – 16.4) 15.3 (10.2 – 22.2) 10.9 (7.4 – 15.7) 2013 52.3 (42.2 – 62.3) 57.2 (45.6 – 68.1) 42.4 (29.3 – 56.7) 77.2 (71.6 – 82.0) 80.2 (74.9 – 84.6) 71.5 (60.8 – 80.2) 6.3 (3.5 – 11.2) 8.8 (4.8 – 15.5) 1.8 (0.9 – 3.9) 9.0 (6.2 – 12.8) 11.1 (7.4 – 16.5) 5.0 (3.2 – 7.7) Bhutan 2004 – – – 93.0 (89.9 – 95.2) 93.7 (89.2 – 96.4) 92.9 (89.3 – 95.4) 13.7 (11.4 – 16.5) 14.0 (11.0 – 17.7) 12.9 (9.5 – 17.3) 9.1 (6.6 – 12.6) 8.0 (4.1 – 14.7) 10.2 (7.5 – 13.8) 2006 – – – 93.5 (89.7 – 96.0) 91.9 (85.0 – 95.7) 94.9 (92.0 – 96.8) 11.1 (8.0 – 15.1) 14.1 (9.9 – 19.6) 8.6 (6.1 – 12.1) 10.5 (8.7 – 12.6) 11.9 (8.4 – 16.7) 9.2 (7.0 – 11.9) 2009 – – – 98.4 (96.2 – 99.3) 98.9 (96.2 – 99.7) 98.2 (94.8 – 99.4) – – – 14.9 (11.5 – 18.9) 17.7 (12.8 – 23.8) 12.5 (8.6 – 17.8) 2013 43.6 (37.9 – 49.6) 46.4 (39.8 – 53.1) 41.3 (33.4 – 49.7) 79.8 (77.3 – 82.1) 79.0 (74.9 – 82.5) 80.5 (77.3 – 83.4) 9.7 (8.1 – 11.6) 11.9 (8.7 – 16.0) 7.9 (6.5 – 9.6) 14.0 (12.0 – 16.3) 18.6 (15.7 – 21.9) 10.2 (7.9 – 13.0) India 2006 71.6 (69.3 – 73.9) 72.8 (69.9 – 75.4) 70.0 (66.2 – 73.6) 92.4 (90.9 – 93.6) 92.8 (90.9 – 94.3) 91.8 (89.6 – 93.6) 11.2 (9.8 – 12.8) 12.0 (10.7 – 13.5) 10.0 (7.6 – 13.1) – – – 2009 74.4 (71.4 – 77.3) 75.4 (71.2 – 79.3) 73.1 (69.8 – 76.2) 90.0 (88.5 – 91.2) 89.7 (88.2 – 90.9) 90.4 (87.8 – 92.4) 8.1 (7.0 – 9.5) 9.0 (7.4 – 10.9) 6.8 (5.8 – 7.9) – – – Indonesia 2014 60.7 (56.2 – 64.9) 64.5 (59.3 – 69.3) 56.5 (51.6 – 61.2) 62.7 (57.9 – 67.3) 66.1 (60.3 – 71.4) 59.1 (54.6 – 63.5) 7.9 (6.3 – 9.9) 12.6 (9.8 – 15.9) 3.0 (2.1 – 4.5) 9.0 (7.4 – 10.9) 11.9 (9.8 – 14.5) 5.9 (4.5 – 7.7) Maldives 2004 – – – 74.6 (70.1 – 78.6) 78.3 (72.6 – 83.0) 68.0 (61.6 – 73.9) 10.6 (6.9 – 15.9) 13.7 (8.3 – 22.0) 5.3 (2.7 – 10.0) 13.0 (9.3 – 17.8) 16.3 (10.8 – 23.9) 7.0 (4.3 – 11.4) 2007 – – – 47.0 (44.4 – 49.6) 48.4 (44.4 – 52.4) 45.9 (42.8 – 49.0) 7.1 (5.6 – 9.1) 9.0 (6.4 – 12.5) 5.5 (4.1 – 7.4) 8.1 (6.3 – 10.3) 9.6 (7.1 – 12.8) 6.4 (4.8 – 8.4) 2011 41.4 (38.8 – 44.0) 44.4 (41.2 – 47.7) 38.5 (33.6 – 43.6) 42.7 (39.9 – 45.5) 43.2 (39.9 – 46.6) 41.7 (37.6 – 46.0) 7.4 (5.8 – 9.4) 9.1 (6.8 – 12.0) 5.9 (4.0 – 8.6) 10.0 (8.4 – 11.9) 12.0 (9.5 – 15.1) 7.7 (6.1 – 9.8) Myanmar 2007 74.3 (70.5 – 77.7) 74.7 (69.7 – 79.2) 73.9 (69.9 – 77.6) 63.8 (60.0 – 67.5) 63.5 (58.3 – 68.4) 64.3 (59.6 – 68.8) 8.7 (7.2 – 10.4) 9.5 (7.5 – 11.9) 7.9 (5.8 – 10.6) 8.6 (6.9 – 10.6) 9.5 (7.3 – 12.3) 7.7 (5.7 – 10.2) 2011 69.4 (65.4 – 73.1) 71.3 (66.5 – 75.7) 67.2 (62.2 – 71.9) 58.4 (53.4 – 63.3) 59.3 (53.2 – 65.2) 57.4 (51.9 – 62.7) 12.5 (9.8 – 15.8) 16.5 (12.5 – 21.3) 8.3 (5.7 – 12.0) 8.8 (6.9 – 11.1) 10.9 (8.4 – 14.0) 6.4 (4.5 – 8.9) 2016 42.3 (37.5 – 47.2) 47.3 (41.3 – 53.5) 37.0 (31.5 – 43.0) 83.4 (79.2 – 86.9) 85.3 (80.6 – 89.0) 81.8 (77.7 – 85.2) 5.9 (4.8 – 7.1) 8.7 (7.0 – 10.7) 3.6 (2.5 – 5.0) 5.6 (4.5 – 7.0) 7.3 (5.7 – 9.3) 4.2 (3.2 – 5.6) Nepal 2007 84.7 (80.5 – 88.1) 87.4 (80.7 – 92.0) 81.5 (74.7 – 86.8) 87.6 (82.7 – 91.2) 87.6 (82.6 – 91.3) 87.6 (80.3 – 92.4) 7.9 (5.3 – 11.4) 7.6 (4.6 – 12.4) 7.9 (5.2 – 11.8) 10.7 (8.3 – 13.6) 12.9 (9.6 – 17.1) 8.0 (5.8 – 11.1) 2011 79.1 (73.2 – 84.1) 78.5 (69.9 – 85.1) 79.9 (74.4 – 84.4) 75.3 (68.7 – 80.8) 76.0 (69.2 – 81.6) 74.7 (67.2 – 81.0) 13.1 (11.5 – 15.0) 15.7 (13.2 – 18.6) 10.5 (7.8 – 13.9) 13.7 (10.8 – 17.1) 13.8 (10.8 – 17.6) 13.3 (9.2 – 18.9) Sri Lanka 2003 79.3 (76.3 – 82.0) 81.6 (77.8 – 84.9) 76.8 (72.4 – 80.7) 78.4 (75.5 – 81.0) 77.8 (74.3 – 80.9) 78.9 (74.3 – 82.9) 5.9 (4.7 – 7.5) 7.5 (5.7 – 9.8) 4.2 (2.9 – 6.1) 11.0 (9.3 – 12.9) 9.8 (7.3 – 12.9) 11.8 (9.3 – 14.9) 2007 67.4 (62.6 – 71.8) 69.3 (64.0 – 74.1) 65.5 (59.5 – 71.1) 68.4 (64.5 – 72.1) 68.8 (62.1 – 74.7) 68.0 (63.1 – 72.6) 3.0 (1.7 – 5.0) 2.7 (1.3 – 5.7) 3.2 (1.8 – 5.8) 5.7 (4.1 – 7.9) 6.0 (4.0 – 9.0) 5.5 (3.7 – 8.0) 2011 – – – 62.1 (59.8 – 64.4) 59.7 (56.5 – 62.9) 64.1 (61.3 – 66.9) 2.9 (2.3 – 3.8) 4.2 (3.1 – 5.7) 1.8 (1.3 – 2.5) 4.6 (3.8 – 5.5) 5.7 (4.5 – 7.3) 3.5 (2.6 – 4.6) 2015 44.6 (37.7 – 51.7) 47.5 (41.3 – 53.7) 41.6 (31.6 – 52.2) 83.1 (77.6 – 87.5) 85.0 (78.2 – 89.9) 81.2 (74.5 – 86.4) 2.0 (1.2 – 3.5) 2.9 (1.7 – 4.9) 1.2 (0.4 – 3.4) 2.9 (1.8 – 4.5) 3.8 (2.2 – 6.6) 1.9 (1.1 – 3.6) Thailand 2005 – – – – – – 10.2 (8.2 – 12.7) 11.3 (10.0 – 12.7) 8.9 (5.6 – 14.0) 42.0 (38.6 – 45.4) 42.5 (40.2 – 44.8) 41.1 (35.5 – 46.9) 2009 – – – 31.0 (29.1 – 32.9) 33.2 (30.4 – 36.1) 28.8 (26.8 – 31.0) 5.5 (4.6 – 6.5) 7.5 (6.2 – 9.0) 3.5 (2.7 – 4.6) 9.3 (8.4 – 10.4) 12.9 (11.3 – 14.6) 5.9 (5.1 – 6.9) 2015 35.5 (31.2 – 40.0) 37.5 (30.8 – 44.7) 33.5 (29.4 – 37.8) 77.4 (74.3 – 80.3) 76.2 (72.2 – 79.8) 78.7 (75.4 – 81.6) 7.3 (5.3 – 9.9) 10.2 (7.3 – 14.1) 4.2 (2.6 – 6.8) 10.5 (8.8 – 12.4) 13.4 (11.0 – 16.2) 7.4 (6.0 – 9.2) Timor–Leste 2006 – – – 61.4 (55.6 – 66.9) 60.5 (49.7 – 70.4) 61.7 (55.3 – 67.7) 21.9 (15.7 – 29.6) 27.6 (19.8 – 37.0) 17.0 (11.7 – 24.2) 34.3 (28.0 – 41.3) 39.4 (32.5 – 46.9) 29.8 (22.6 – 38.2) 2009 – – – 92.7 (89.7 – 94.9) 93.9 (88.9 – 96.7) 91.9 (87.6 – 94.8) 23.0 (17.3 – 29.8) 24.4 (17.4 – 33.2) 21.4 (16.1 – 27.9) 23.1 (16.9 – 30.6) 27.1 (18.8 – 37.4) 19.6 (14.2 – 26.4) 2013 79.0 (72.1 – 84.6) 81.1 (73.8 – 86.7) 76.9 (67.2 – 84.4) 88.6 (80.1 – 93.7) 92.0 (85.5 – 95.8) 84.6 (72.3 – 92.0) 12.4 (9.5 – 16.0) 16.1 (11.8 – 21.7) 8.5 (6.5 – 11.1) 12.8 (8.9 – 18.2) 14.2 (9.1 – 21.4) 11.2 (7.6 – 16.3) Secondhand smoke Access and availability Media: Tobacco industry advertising Media: Anti-tobacco advertising Knowledge and Attitudes 1Used any tobacco product (smoked or smokeless) anytime during the past 30 days 2Smoked any tobacco product anytime during the past 30 days 3Used any smokeless tobacco product anytime during the past 30 days 4Smoked cigarettes anytime during the past 30 days 5Youth who were exposed to tobacco smoke at home in the past 7 days 6Youth who were exposed to tobacco smoke in enclosed public places in the past 7 days. 7Youth who saw any advertisements or promotions for tobacco products at point of sale (such as stores, shops, kiosks, etc.) in the past 30 days 8Youth who saw someone using tobacco on television, videos, or movies in the past 30 days 9Youth who have something (e.g., t-shirt, pen, backpack) with a tobacco product brand logo on it. 10Youth who saw or heard any anti-tobacco messages in the media (e.g., television, radio, internet, billboards, posters, newspapers, magazines, or movies) in the past 30 days 11Youth who saw or heard any anti-tobacco messages at sporting events, fairs, concerts, community events, or social gatherings in the past 30 days 12Youth who are in favor of banning smoking in enclosed public places (such as schools, shops, restaurants, shopping malls, and movie theaters) †Figures are taken for enclosed or outdoor public places; after year 2011 enclosed public places and outdoor public places are separate entity. CI refers to 95% confidence interval - Indicates either question was not asked or data not available. * Sample size less than 35 is not reported as standard protocol of GYTS Acknowledgement: WHO sincerely acknowledge the contribution of researchers involved as principal investigators, schools and students and partners such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta USA and others. For more information please refer our website http://www.searo.who.int/nts PDF version of this publication and Excel data can be download from: http://www.searo.who.int/entity/ncd_tobacco_surveillance/documents/NTS_Publication Technical notes and definitions Country Year Exposed to tobacco smoke at home during the past seven days5 Exposed to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place during the past seven days6† Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 34.7 (27.3 – 42.8) 37.8 (29.6 – 46.8) 32.4 (23.8 – 42.5) 42.2 (34.0 – 50.8) 47.1 (39.7 – 54.6) 38.7 (28.7 – 49.7) 2013 31.1 (24.8 – 38.2) 33.0 (24.9 – 42.2) 27.7 (19.7 – 37.5) 59.0 (53.1 – 64.7) 61.3 (55.6 – 66.7) 54.8 (42.1 – 66.9) Bhutan 2004 29.2 (25.2 – 33.5) 30.7 (24.4 – 37.7) 27.0 (22.9 – 31.6) 47.4 (40.7 – 54.3) 45.0 (35.1 – 55.4) 49.5 (42.5 – 56.6) 2006 31.9 (29.0 – 35.1) 32.5 (26.9 – 38.5) 31.1 (28.0 – 34.5) 54.5 (47.2 – 61.6) 57.8 (49.4 – 65.8) 51.7 (43.8 – 59.6) 2009 29.5 (25.9 – 33.4) 29.2 (24.3 – 34.6) 29.5 (25.1 – 34.3) 59.4 (54.5 – 64.0) 58.6 (54.1 – 63.0) 59.7 (53.7 – 65.4) 2013 15.3 (13.0 – 17.9) 16.3 (11.5 – 22.5) 14.4 (12.2 – 17.0) 42.8 (39.1 – 46.6) 43.0 (37.9 – 48.3) 42.7 (38.4 – 47.1) India 2003 36.2 (34.7 – 37.7) – – 48.8 (47.2 – 50.3) – – 2006 26.6 (23.9 – 29.4) 29.2 (25.7 – 32.9) 23.1 (19.8 – 26.6) 40.3 (37.2 – 43.4) 43.7 (40.0 – 47.4) 35.6 (31.4 – 40.0) 2009 21.9 (19.9 – 24.2) 24.1 (21.4 – 26.9) 18.8 (15.7 – 22.4) 36.6 (33.6 – 39.6) 39.0 (35.7 – 42.4) 33.1 (28.9 – 37.6) Indonesia 2014 57.3 (50.3 – 64.1) 61.7 (53.9 – 69.0) 52.7 (45.9 – 59.3) 60.1 (54.6 – 65.3) 62.1 (55.2 – 68.6) 57.8 (52.8 – 62.7) Maldives 2004 45.4 (41.5 – 49.4) 42.1 (36.8 – 47.6) 49.6 (44.2 – 55.0) 69.2 (64.8 – 73.2) 67.9 (62.0 – 73.3) 70.9 (64.3 – 76.7) 2007 48.3 (44.7 – 52.0) 49.4 (45.4 – 53.3) 47.1 (42.8 – 51.5) 68.0 (65.2 – 70.6) 70.6 (66.8 – 74.2) 65.4 (61.3 – 69.3) 2011 34.5 (30.2 – 39.0) 35.1 (30.3 – 40.3) 33.1 (27.6 – 39.1) 43.0 (38.0 – 48.0) 50.7 (47.2 – 54.3) 34.8 (27.2 – 43.2) Myanmaar 2007 34.1 (29.6 – 38.9) 38.8 (33.0 – 45.0) 29.4 (24.5 – 34.9) 46.4 (41.9 – 51.1) 51.2 (45.1 – 57.2) 42.1 (35.7 – 48.7) 2011 32.2 (27.5 – 37.3) 37.6 (31.3 – 44.4) 26.8 (21.3 – 33.2) 38.4 (34.1 – 42.9) 41.9 (35.4 – 48.6) 35.1 (30.7 – 39.7) 2016 33.2 (28.2 – 38.5) 37.7 (32.3 – 43.4) 29.5 (24.1 – 35.6) 28.4 (24.6 – 32.5) 32.8 (27.7 – 38.4) 24.8 (20.7 – 29.4) Nepal 2007 35.3 (29.6 – 41.6) 38.5 (31.7 – 45.8) 31.7 (25.4 – 38.8) 47.3 (41.8 – 52.9) 49.5 (43.8 – 55.3) 44.7 (36.8 – 52.8) 2011 38.4 (32.8 – 44.3) 40.4 (32.4 – 48.8) 36.3 (31.1 – 41.9) 48.6 (43.8 – 53.4) 51.8 (45.1 – 58.4) 45.5 (39.7 – 51.5) Sri Lanka 2003 50.9 (47.6 – 54.2) 52.5 (47.9 – 57.1) 49.3 (45.3 – 53.2) – – – 2007 35.4 (31.5 – 39.6) 37.6 (32.8 – 42.6) 33.4 (28.0 – 39.2) 65.9 (62.1 – 69.5) 66.5 (60.5 – 72.1) 65.1 (60.5 – 69.4) 2011 21.2 (19.2 – 23.4) 23.1 (20.3 – 26.1) 19.2 (16.8 – 22.0) 42.5 (39.8 – 45.1) 43.0 (39.8 – 46.3) 41.8 (38.4 – 45.2) 2015 13.4 (9.6 – 18.5) 13.9 (9.3 – 20.1) 13.0 (9.3 – 18.0) 35.7 (32.8 – 38.7) 39.6 (34.7 – 44.7) 31.7 (27.5 – 36.2) Thailand 2005 49.0 (45.9 – 52.0) 47.4 (45.3 – 49.5) 48.6 (43.1 – 54.1) 68.2 (64.8 – 71.4) 68.4 (66.1 – 70.6) 67.9 (61.8 – 73.5) 2009 45.7 (43.9 – 47.5) 46.6 (43.5 – 49.6) 44.7 (42.2 – 47.2) 67.6 (65.5 – 69.6) 68.0 (64.9 – 70.9) 67.1 (65.0 – 69.2) 2015 33.8 (29.6 – 38.3) 31.3 (26.1 – 37.0) 36.6 (32.1 – 41.4) 38.6 (33.5 – 44.0) 31.3 (26.2 – 36.9) 46.5 (39.6 – 53.4) Timor–Leste 2006 63.2 (56.4 – 69.6) 66.0 (57.4 – 73.7) 61.1 (53.0 – 68.6) 69.8 (64.3 – 74.8) 74.2 (68.1 – 79.4) 65.7 (58.8 – 72.0) 2009 59.4 (51.3 – 67.0) 66.7 (56.4 – 75.6) 52.1 (43.8 – 60.3) 61.3 (55.2 – 67.1) 66.7 (59.4 – 73.4) 56.0 (48.6 – 63.1) 2013 66.0 (57.7 – 73.4) 69.6 (58.6 – 75.8) 62.1 (52.0 – 71.2) 69.9 (61.8 – 76.9) 72.3 (62.7 – 80.3) 67.3 (58.9 – 74.8) Country Year Current smokers who obtained cigarettes by buying them from a store, shop, or street vendor in the past 30 days Current smokers were NOT refused from buying cigarettes because of their age during the past 30 days Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 38.3 (17.2 – 64.9) 49.1 (26.7 – 71.8) * * * * 2013 84.8 (57.6 – 95.8) 84.9 (57.6 – 95.9) * 86.1 (50.0 – 97.5) 86.1 (50.0 – 97.5) * Bhutan 2004 41.3 (29.3 – 54.4) 49.2 (32.4 – 66.1) * * * * 2006 36.4 (24.8 – 49.8) 40.6 (28.0 – 54.4) * 59.2 (42.2 – 74.2) * * 2009 23.7 (16.4 – 33.0) 28.5 (17.2 – 43.3) 17.2 (9.7 – 28.8) * * * 2013 54.5 (46.5 – 62.4) 58.0 (49.9 – 65.6) 45.3 (29.5 – 62.1) 47.8 (39.4 – 56.3) 47.4 (36.5 – 58.6) 48.7 (32.2 – 65.6) India 2003 64.8 (57.7 – 71.2) – – 55.3 (41.8 – 68.1) – – 2006 51.9 (44.2 – 59.4) 51.7 (43.7 – 59.6) 52.6 (39.6 – 65.2) 72.1 (62.2 – 80.2) 70.4 (59.6 – 79.2) 79.4 (56.1 – 92.1) 2009 47.0 (38.1 – 56.1) 46.1 (34.7 – 58.0) 48.7 (38.4 – 59.0) 56.2 (44.4 – 67.3) 55.2 (41.4 – 68.1) 61.3 (42.4 – 77.2) Indonesia 2014 64.9 (57.3 – 71.9) 65.4 (57.0 – 73.0) 63.5 (50.3 – 74.9) 64.5 (59.0 – 69.7) 64.4 (58.6 – 69.9) * Maldives 2004 57.0 (43.9 – 69.2) 58.8 (42.7 – 73.2) * * * * 2007 34.0 (22.1 – 48.3) 38.4 (26.6 – 51.8) * * * * 2011 34.0 (24.1 – 45.7) 38.9 (25.5 – 54.4) * * * * Myanmar 2007 23.7 (16.1 – 33.4) 22.4 (14.7 – 32.7) * * * * 2011 39.2 (28.0 – 51.3) 40.3 (29.2 – 52.5) * * * * 2016 54.5 (47.3 – 61.5) 54.7 (46.3 – 62.9) * 62.9 (51.4 – 73.0) 64.7 (52.4 – 75.3) * Nepal 2007 38.1 (23.1 – 55.7) 43.1 (26.7 – 61.2) * * * * 2011 27.1 (12.8 – 48.6) * * * * * Sri Lanka 2011 20.3 (10.8 – 34.8) 18.6 (9.4 – 33.5) * – – – 2015 * * * * * * Thailand 2005 38.1 (31.7 – 45.1) 40.3 (34.2 – 46.6) 31.8 (21.5 – 44.4) 28.3 (18.9 – 40.1) 25.2 (16.9 – 35.7) 54.7 (34.9 – 73.1) 2009 47.9 (41.4 – 54.6) 50.2 (43.3 – 57.1) 33.5 (24.1 – 44.4) 38.3 (31.5 – 45.5) 35.4 (28.8 – 42.6) 58.6 (37.8 – 76.8) 2015 67.4 (58.5 – 75.3) 68.0 (56.2 – 78.0) 65.7 (51.3 – 77.7) 44.0 (31.7 – 57.1) 40.8 (26.2 – 57.3) 53.5 (37.3 – 69.0) Timor–Leste 2006 24.1 (17.6 – 32.1) 23.3 (17.4 – 30.5) 23.2 (11.4 – 41.7) 41.2 (23.6 – 57.4) * * 2009 55.0 (43.4 – 66.1) 49.8 (33.7 – 66.1) 64.4 (44.4 – 80.4) 64.0 (45.5 – 79.1) 63.6 (41.1 – 81.4) * 2013 82.7 (75.3 – 88.3) 84.2 (77.1 – 89.4) 77.9 (59.3 – 89.4) 46.7 (38.8 – 54.7) 46.3 (38.3 – 54.4) 49.0 (35.2 – 63.0) Country Year Noticing anti-tobacco messages in the media during past 30 days10 Noticing anti-tobacco messages at sporting or community events11 Students who were taught in school about the dangers of tobacco use in the past 12 months Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 87.6 (83.9 – 90.5) 86.9 (78.1 – 92.6) 88.5 (81.9 – 92.9) 91.2 (89.0 – 93.0) 88.7 (84.1 – 92.0) 92.8 (88.9 – 95.4) 54.2 (45.8 – 62.5) 56.8 (46.1 – 66.9) 52.8 (40.9 – 64.3) 2013 66.2 (59.4 – 72.5) 65.9 (58.1 – 72.9) 66.8 (57.2 – 75.3) 58.0 (48.5 – 67.0) 55.8 (43.9 – 67.1) 62.3 (48.7 – 74.2) 57.7 (50.0 – 65.0) 55.2 (45.7 – 64.3) 62.1 (49.4 – 73.4) Bhutan 2004 74.5 (69.2 – 79.3) 71.9 (62.3 – 79.8) 76.5 (66.1 – 84.5) 71.9 (64.8 – 78.2) 72.3 (62.9 – 80.1) 71.0 (61.2 – 79.1) 56.7 (49.5 – 63.5) 57.9 (50.3 – 65.1) 55.6 (46.6 – 64.2) 2006 82.6 (76.4 – 87.4) 83.7 (77.4 – 88.5) 81.6 (74.2 – 87.2) 79.2 (72.3 – 84.8) 78.0 (70.3 – 84.1) 79.6 (72.3 – 85.3) 59.8 (52.7 – 66.5) 59.9 (51.7 – 67.7) 59.2 (52.5 – 65.5) 2009 86.9 (83.4 – 89.8) 85.2 (80.0 – 89.3) 88.3 (82.2 – 92.5) 83.1 (79.8 – 86.0) 84.4 (75.5 – 90.5) 82.1 (76.5 – 86.6) 61.6 (55.8 – 67.1) 63.8 (56.6 – 70.4) 60.9 (54.9 – 66.7) 2013 74.0 (70.4 – 77.2) 72.7 (67.2 – 77.5) 75.1 (71.7 – 78.2) 59.3 (55.4 – 63.0) 56.8 (49.7 – 63.5) 61.6 (55.9 – 67.0) 60.8 (55.9 – 65.4) 60.8 (53.6 – 67.7) 60.7 (56.4 – 64.9) India 2006 74.0 (71.9 – 76.0) 74.3 (72.0 – 76.5) 73.5 (70.0 – 76.9) 80.2 (77.5 – 82.7) 81.4 (78.6 – 83.9) 78.5 (74.4 – 82.0) 54.4 (51.9 – 57.0) 53.6 (50.5 – 56.6) 55.6 (51.5 – 59.7) 2009 77.5 (74.5 – 80.3) 77.6 (73.7 – 81.1) 77.6 (73.9 – 80.9) 82.0 (79.5 – 84.3) 83.1 (80.6 – 85.2) 80.6 (76.6 – 84.1) 63.3 (60.8 – 65.8) 63.6 (60.2 – 66.9) 63.2 (59.2 – 66.3) Indonesia 2014 70.1 (67.2 – 72.9) 70.6 (66.8 – 74.1) 69.6 (66.9 – 72.2) 47.3 (42.6 – 52.1) 50.5 (45.6 – 55.3) 43.3 (37.6 – 49.2) 69.3 (66.7 – 71.7) 70.5 (67.2 – 73.7) 68.0 (65.0 – 70.8) Maldives 2004 91.6 (88.5 – 93.9) 89.5 (85.5 – 92.5) 95.1 (90.7 – 97.5) 87.1 (83.4 – 90.1) 87.7 (81.9 – 91.9) 86.7 (81.9 – 90.4) 39.8 (33.7 – 46.2) 38.1 (32.2 – 44.4) 43.0 (31.2 – 55.5) 2007 90.0 (88.6 – 91.3) 88.1 (85.8 – 90.1) 91.7 (89.6 – 93.4) 82.0 (79.2 – 84.6) 80.9 (78.0 – 83.5) 83.1 (79.3 – 86.3) 43.8 (39.0 – 48.7) 39.9 (33.5 – 46.8) 47.2 (39.9 – 54.7) 2011 87.6 (85.4 – 89.5) 86.3 (83.5 – 88.7) 88.9 (85.5 – 91.6) – – – 40.9 (36.8 – 45.2) 40.4 (35.4 – 45.6) 41.5 (35.2 – 48.2) Myanmar 2007 93.4 (91.2 – 95.0) 91.9 (88.4 – 94.4) 94.7 (92.7 – 96.2) 88.0 (85.5 – 90.0) 88.2 (85.3 – 90.6) 87.5 (83.8 – 90.5) 65.4 (61.2 – 69.4) 65.0 (59.5 – 70.1) 66.1 (60.0 – 71.7) 2011 91.8 (89.6 – 93.6) 91.6 (89.1 – 93.7) 91.9 (88.8 – 94.2) – – – 65.3 (58.8 – 71.3) 60.7 (52.1 – 68.7) 70.1 (63.6 – 75.8) 2016 80.2 (77.3 – 82.9) 80.8 (77.1 – 83.9) 79.9 (76.0 – 83.2) 59.6 (55.2 – 63.9) 56.3 (51.8 – 60.7) 62.7 (56.7 – 68.3) 64.2 (58.9 – 69.2) 61.4 (55.2 – 67.3) 66.4 (60.9 – 71.5) Nepal 2007 92.0 (88.2 – 94.7) 90.4 (84.4 – 94.3) 93.8 (91.0 – 95.8) 85.7 (82.5 – 88.4) 86.2 (82.2 – 89.3) 85.1 (79.4 – 89.5) 65.8 (62.0 – 69.5) 63.2 (58.9 – 67.4) 68.8 (62.9 – 74.2) 2011 87.1 (82.5 – 90.6) 85.3 (80.0 – 89.4) 88.7 (82.8 – 92.8) – – – 79.3 (74.8 – 83.2) 76.8 (70.9 – 81.9) 82.3 (76.8 – 86.7) Sri Lanka 2003 – – – 84.7 (80.3 – 88.2) 81.7 (74.5 – 87.2) 87.5 (84.4 – 90.1) 79.8 (75.8 – 83.3) 78.5 (72.5 – 83.5) 81.4 (77.4 – 84.8) 2007 84.5 (81.3 – 87.2) 82.7 (78.6 – 86.2) 86.3 (82.3 – 89.4) 88.1 (84.8 – 90.7) 87.0 (81.7 – 90.9) 89.1 (85.8 – 91.7) 72.8 (67.1 – 77.8) 65.8 (58.3 – 72.5) 79.8 (74.8 – 84.0) 2011 – – – – – – 69.6 (66.2 – 72.8) 67.9 (63.7 – 71.9) 71.7 (67.7 – 75.3) 2015 88.0 (84.5 – 90.8) 88.5 (83.8 – 91.9) 87.6 (82.6 – 91.3) 57.9 (50.8 – 64.7) 59.0 (51.0 – 66.6) 56.3 (47.3 – 64.8) 78.9 (71.8 – 84.6) 76.3 (66.5 – 83.9) 81.5 (72.5 – 88.0) Thailand 2005 91.9 (90.7 – 92.9) 90.0 (88.9 – 91.0) 94.5 (93.6 – 95.3) 92.8 (91.6 – 93.9) 91.7 (90.5 – 92.8) 94.9 (94.0 – 95.8) 61.9 (58.6 – 65.2) 63.4 (61.3 – 65.5) 62.6 (56.2 – 68.5) 2009 89.5 (87.9 – 90.9) 86.5 (84.4 – 88.3) 92.3 (90.9 – 93.5) 90.4 (89.3 – 91.5) 89.1 (87.3 – 90.7) 91.6 (90.3 – 92.7) 59.6 (56.9 – 62.2) 55.3 (52.3 – 58.2) 63.7 (60.5 – 66.8) 2015 74.9 (70.6 – 78.7) 69.8 (64.3 – 74.8) 80.1 (76.3 – 83.4) 72.2 (68.1 – 75.9) 74.1 (68.9 – 78.6) 70.5 (65.9 – 74.7) 76.2 (72.1 – 79.9) 72.5 (67.7 – 76.9) 80.1 (75.4 – 84.1) Timor–Leste 2006 69.3 (61.5 – 76.1) 66.4 (56.4 – 75.1) 71.5 (63.1 – 78.6) 85.9 (81.5 – 89.4) 87.8 (82.3 – 91.8) 84.7 (79.6 – 88.6) 33.5 (28.3 – 39.1) 40.4 (32.4 – 49.0) 28.0 (22.9 – 33.7) 2009 82.9 (77.1 – 87.9) 82.9 (74.7 – 88.8) 83.0 (77.2 – 87.7) 69.2 (64.2 – 73.7) 67.8 (60.0 – 74.8) 69.8 (60.9 – 77.5) – – – 2013 74.9 (66.4 – 81.9) 76.8 (67.9 – 83.8) 73.1 (64.7 – 80.2) 53.2 (42.9 – 63.2) 51.0 (36.7 – 65.0) 56.3 (45.1 – 66.9) 35.8 (28.9 – 43.3) 35.8 (27.0 – 45.7) 35.6 (26.6 – 45.7) Country Year Students who definitely thought other people's tobacco smoking is harmful to them Students who favor banning smoking inside enclosed public places12† Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 83.3 (79.4 – 86.6) 86.6 (79.5 – 91.5) 81.6 (76.8 – 85.5) 74.9 (63.6 – 83.7) 81.4 (70.1 – 89.1) 70.3 (58.2 – 80.2) 2013 82.0 (75.6 – 87.0) 82.1 (74.7 – 87.7) 81.8 (69.6 – 89.8) 72.5 (66.7 – 77.7) 72.6 (66.9 – 77.6) 72.3 (59.2 – 82.5) Bhutan 2004 63.4 (57.7 – 68.8) 61.9 (52.5 – 70.6) 64.3 (59.0 – 69.3) 19.8 (12.5 – 29.9) 21.7 (13.9 – 32.2) 17.9 (10.8 – 28.3) 2006 62.1 (55.3 – 68.4) 64.6 (57.4 – 71.1) 60.5 (52.3 – 68.2) 47.0 (37.2 – 57.1) 49.6 (39.7 – 59.7) 45.0 (34.9 – 55.6) 2009 72.8 (67.4 – 77.7) 73.5 (66.7 – 79.4) 72.4 (66.3 – 77.7) 44.1 (35.5 – 53.1) 45.4 (37.4 – 53.7) 42.9 (33.0 – 53.4) 2013 78.9 (75.3 – 82.1) 78.5 (72.4 – 83.6) 79.2 (75.1 – 82.9) 49.1 (43.2 – 55.1) 50.5 (42.8 – 58.1) 48.0 (41.7 – 54.5) India 2006 67.9 (64.8 – 70.8) 66.6 (63.0 – 70.0) 69.6 (66.0 – 73.0) 74.0 (70.6 – 77.1) 73.9 (69.7 – 77.7) 74.1 (69.7 – 78.0) 2009 66.8 (64.1 – 69.4) 63.6 (60.4 – 66.7) 71.6 (67.3 – 75.6) 63.9 (61.1 – 66.6) 64.2 (60.8 – 67.5) 63.4 (59.2 – 67. 5) Indonesia 2014 72.5 (69.8 – 75.0) 67.6 (64.9 – 70.3) 77.6 (74.1 – 80.7) 89.4 (87.1 – 91.4) 87.6 (85.3 – 89.6) 91.3 (88.4 – 93.5) Myanmar 2007 48.4 (44.5 – 52.4) 49.2 (44.2 – 54.2) 47.9 (43.2 – 52.7) 88.9 (85.5 – 91.6) 87.7 (84.2 – 90.5) 90.0 (85.4 – 93.3) 2011 51.1 (45.8 – 56.3) 50.9 (45.6 – 56.2) 51.3 (44.4 – 58.2) 90.6 (86.9 – 93.3) 88.6 (83.7 – 92.2) 92.7 (89.5 – 94.9) 2016 65.0 (59.9 – 69.8) 59.9 (54.6 – 64.9) 69.1 (63.0 – 74.6) 94.6 (93.1 – 95.8) 94.2 (90.0 – 95.8) 94.9 (92.7 – 96.5) Nepal 2007 77.3 (71.0 – 82.5) 74.1 (67.5 – 79.7) 80.9 (74.2 – 86.2) 55.7 (49.0 – 62.2) 58.3 (50.4 – 65.8) 52.8 (45.2 – 60.3) 2011 62.5 (56.8 – 67.8) 64.8 (57.3 – 71.7) 60.8 (54.4 – 66.9) 66.2 (60.1 – 71.1) 66.5 (60.2 – 72.2) 66.2 (57.9 – 73.5) Sri Lanka 2003 71.4 (66.6 – 75.7) 68.7 (61.6 – 75.1) 74.7 (69.3 – 79.4) 93.0 (90.9 – 94.7) 91.8 (89.1 – 93.8) 94.4 (91.6 – 96.3) 2007 77.8 (73.3 – 81.8) 74.4 (67.7 – 80.1) 81.3 (76.1 – 85.5) 87.9 (83.1 – 91.5) 85.8 (80.0 – 90.1) 90.1 (83.1 – 94.1) 2011 87.4 (85.8 – 88.9) 84.9 (82.8 – 86.8) 90.2 (88.2 – 91.8) 88.9 (86.8 – 90.6) 87.7 (85.2 – 89.9) 90.3 (87.6 – 92.5) 2015 86.2 (81.8 – 89.7) 82.8 (75.8 – 88.1) 89.6 (83.9 – 93.5) 96.4 (95.2 – 97.3) 95.7 (93.7 – 97.1) 97.3 (95.6 – 98.4) Thailand 2005 68.6 (64.5 – 72.5) 68.5 (66.3 – 70.7) 70.8 (63.9 – 76.9) 88.1 (83.1 – 91.8) 87.8 (86.3 – 89.2) 89.5 (79.2 – 95.0) 2009 79.1 (77.2 – 80.9) 75.3 (72.2 – 78.2) 82.8 (80.9 – 84.6) 83.4 (81.6 – 85.0) 80.6 (77.7 – 83.2) 86.0 (84.3 – 87.5) 2015 77.6 (74.7 – 80.4) 72.6 (67.6 – 77.0) 83.0 (79.0 – 86.3) – – – Timor–Leste 2006 31.7 (27.6 – 36.1) 31.7 (26.4 – 37.5) 31.8 (27.0 – 37.0) 39.9 (35.9 – 44.0) 45.3 (37.9 – 52.9) 36.2 (30.9 – 41.8) 2009 34.0 (29.0 – 39.3) 34.6 (28.3 – 41.5) 33.5 (27.9 – 39.6) 56.6 (50.3 – 62.8) 56.1 (48.4 – 63.6) 56.6 (49.1 – 63.8) 2013 34.9 (28.8 – 41.6) 29.1 (23.2 – 35.9) 41.1 (33.2 – 49.4) 19.6 (15.7 – 24.2) 21.1 (17.2 – 32.7) 14.9 (12.3 – 18.0) Country Year Noticing tobacco advertisements or promotions at point of sale/billboards in the past 30 days7 Noticing pro-cigarette ads in newspapers or magazines or on television, videos, or movies in the past 30 days8 Students who were ever offered a free tobacco product from a tobacco company representative Students who own something with a tobacco brand logo on it9 Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 – – – 84.7 (79.2 – 88.9) 85.4 (81.0 – 88.9) 84.0 (76.2 – 89.6) 6.4 (4.3 – 9.4) 8.6 (5.9 – 12.3) 4.6 (2.8 – 7.5) 12.8 (10.0 – 16.4) 15.3 (10.2 – 22.2) 10.9 (7.4 – 15.7) 2013 52.3 (42.2 – 62.3) 57.2 (45.6 – 68.1) 42.4 (29.3 – 56.7) 77.2 (71.6 – 82.0) 80.2 (74.9 – 84.6) 71.5 (60.8 – 80.2) 6.3 (3.5 – 11.2) 8.8 (4.8 – 15.5) 1.8 (0.9 – 3.9) 9.0 (6.2 – 12.8) 11.1 (7.4 – 16.5) 5.0 (3.2 – 7.7) Bhutan 2004 – – – 93.0 (89.9 – 95.2) 93.7 (89.2 – 96.4) 92.9 (89.3 – 95.4) 13.7 (11.4 – 16.5) 14.0 (11.0 – 17.7) 12.9 (9.5 – 17.3) 9.1 (6.6 – 12.6) 8.0 (4.1 – 14.7) 10.2 (7.5 – 13.8) 2006 – – – 93.5 (89.7 – 96.0) 91.9 (85.0 – 95.7) 94.9 (92.0 – 96.8) 11.1 (8.0 – 15.1) 14.1 (9.9 – 19.6) 8.6 (6.1 – 12.1) 10.5 (8.7 – 12.6) 11.9 (8.4 – 16.7) 9.2 (7.0 – 11.9) 2009 – – – 98.4 (96.2 – 99.3) 98.9 (96.2 – 99.7) 98.2 (94.8 – 99.4) – – – 14.9 (11.5 – 18.9) 17.7 (12.8 – 23.8) 12.5 (8.6 – 17.8) 2013 43.6 (37.9 – 49.6) 46.4 (39.8 – 53.1) 41.3 (33.4 – 49.7) 79.8 (77.3 – 82.1) 79.0 (74.9 – 82.5) 80.5 (77.3 – 83.4) 9.7 (8.1 – 11.6) 11.9 (8.7 – 16.0) 7.9 (6.5 – 9.6) 14.0 (12.0 – 16.3) 18.6 (15.7 – 21.9) 10.2 (7.9 – 13.0) India 2006 71.6 (69.3 – 73.9) 72.8 (69.9 – 75.4) 70.0 (66.2 – 73.6) 92.4 (90.9 – 93.6) 92.8 (90.9 – 94.3) 91.8 (89.6 – 93.6) 11.2 (9.8 – 12.8) 12.0 (10.7 – 13.5) 10.0 (7.6 – 13.1) – – – 2009 74.4 (71.4 – 77.3) 75.4 (71.2 – 79.3) 73.1 (69.8 – 76.2) 90.0 (88.5 – 91.2) 89.7 (88.2 – 90.9) 90.4 (87.8 – 92.4) 8.1 (7.0 – 9.5) 9.0 (7.4 – 10.9) 6.8 (5.8 – 7.9) – – – Indonesia 2014 60.7 (56.2 – 64.9) 64.5 (59.3 – 69.3) 56.5 (51.6 – 61.2) 62.7 (57.9 – 67.3) 66.1 (60.3 – 71.4) 59.1 (54.6 – 63.5) 7.9 (6.3 – 9.9) 12.6 (9.8 – 15.9) 3.0 (2.1 – 4.5) 9.0 (7.4 – 10.9) 11.9 (9.8 – 14.5) 5.9 (4.5 – 7.7) Maldives 2004 – – – 74.6 (70.1 – 78.6) 78.3 (72.6 – 83.0) 68.0 (61.6 – 73.9) 10.6 (6.9 – 15.9) 13.7 (8.3 – 22.0) 5.3 (2.7 – 10.0) 13.0 (9.3 – 17.8) 16.3 (10.8 – 23.9) 7.0 (4.3 – 11.4) 2007 – – – 47.0 (44.4 – 49.6) 48.4 (44.4 – 52.4) 45.9 (42.8 – 49.0) 7.1 (5.6 – 9.1) 9.0 (6.4 – 12.5) 5.5 (4.1 – 7.4) 8.1 (6.3 – 10.3) 9.6 (7.1 – 12.8) 6.4 (4.8 – 8.4) 2011 41.4 (38.8 – 44.0) 44.4 (41.2 – 47.7) 38.5 (33.6 – 43.6) 42.7 (39.9 – 45.5) 43.2 (39.9 – 46.6) 41.7 (37.6 – 46.0) 7.4 (5.8 – 9.4) 9.1 (6.8 – 12.0) 5.9 (4.0 – 8.6) 10.0 (8.4 – 11.9) 12.0 (9.5 – 15.1) 7.7 (6.1 – 9.8) Myanmar 2007 74.3 (70.5 – 77.7) 74.7 (69.7 – 79.2) 73.9 (69.9 – 77.6) 63.8 (60.0 – 67.5) 63.5 (58.3 – 68.4) 64.3 (59.6 – 68.8) 8.7 (7.2 – 10.4) 9.5 (7.5 – 11.9) 7.9 (5.8 – 10.6) 8.6 (6.9 – 10.6) 9.5 (7.3 – 12.3) 7.7 (5.7 – 10.2) 2011 69.4 (65.4 – 73.1) 71.3 (66.5 – 75.7) 67.2 (62.2 – 71.9) 58.4 (53.4 – 63.3) 59.3 (53.2 – 65.2) 57.4 (51.9 – 62.7) 12.5 (9.8 – 15.8) 16.5 (12.5 – 21.3) 8.3 (5.7 – 12.0) 8.8 (6.9 – 11.1) 10.9 (8.4 – 14.0) 6.4 (4.5 – 8.9) 2016 42.3 (37.5 – 47.2) 47.3 (41.3 – 53.5) 37.0 (31.5 – 43.0) 83.4 (79.2 – 86.9) 85.3 (80.6 – 89.0) 81.8 (77.7 – 85.2) 5.9 (4.8 – 7.1) 8.7 (7.0 – 10.7) 3.6 (2.5 – 5.0) 5.6 (4.5 – 7.0) 7.3 (5.7 – 9.3) 4.2 (3.2 – 5.6) Nepal 2007 84.7 (80.5 – 88.1) 87.4 (80.7 – 92.0) 81.5 (74.7 – 86.8) 87.6 (82.7 – 91.2) 87.6 (82.6 – 91.3) 87.6 (80.3 – 92.4) 7.9 (5.3 – 11.4) 7.6 (4.6 – 12.4) 7.9 (5.2 – 11.8) 10.7 (8.3 – 13.6) 12.9 (9.6 – 17.1) 8.0 (5.8 – 11.1) 2011 79.1 (73.2 – 84.1) 78.5 (69.9 – 85.1) 79.9 (74.4 – 84.4) 75.3 (68.7 – 80.8) 76.0 (69.2 – 81.6) 74.7 (67.2 – 81.0) 13.1 (11.5 – 15.0) 15.7 (13.2 – 18.6) 10.5 (7.8 – 13.9) 13.7 (10.8 – 17.1) 13.8 (10.8 – 17.6) 13.3 (9.2 – 18.9) Sri Lanka 2003 79.3 (76.3 – 82.0) 81.6 (77.8 – 84.9) 76.8 (72.4 – 80.7) 78.4 (75.5 – 81.0) 77.8 (74.3 – 80.9) 78.9 (74.3 – 82.9) 5.9 (4.7 – 7.5) 7.5 (5.7 – 9.8) 4.2 (2.9 – 6.1) 11.0 (9.3 – 12.9) 9.8 (7.3 – 12.9) 11.8 (9.3 – 14.9) 2007 67.4 (62.6 – 71.8) 69.3 (64.0 – 74.1) 65.5 (59.5 – 71.1) 68.4 (64.5 – 72.1) 68.8 (62.1 – 74.7) 68.0 (63.1 – 72.6) 3.0 (1.7 – 5.0) 2.7 (1.3 – 5.7) 3.2 (1.8 – 5.8) 5.7 (4.1 – 7.9) 6.0 (4.0 – 9.0) 5.5 (3.7 – 8.0) 2011 – – – 62.1 (59.8 – 64.4) 59.7 (56.5 – 62.9) 64.1 (61.3 – 66.9) 2.9 (2.3 – 3.8) 4.2 (3.1 – 5.7) 1.8 (1.3 – 2.5) 4.6 (3.8 – 5.5) 5.7 (4.5 – 7.3) 3.5 (2.6 – 4.6) 2015 44.6 (37.7 – 51.7) 47.5 (41.3 – 53.7) 41.6 (31.6 – 52.2) 83.1 (77.6 – 87.5) 85.0 (78.2 – 89.9) 81.2 (74.5 – 86.4) 2.0 (1.2 – 3.5) 2.9 (1.7 – 4.9) 1.2 (0.4 – 3.4) 2.9 (1.8 – 4.5) 3.8 (2.2 – 6.6) 1.9 (1.1 – 3.6) Thailand 2005 – – – – – – 10.2 (8.2 – 12.7) 11.3 (10.0 – 12.7) 8.9 (5.6 – 14.0) 42.0 (38.6 – 45.4) 42.5 (40.2 – 44.8) 41.1 (35.5 – 46.9) 2009 – – – 31.0 (29.1 – 32.9) 33.2 (30.4 – 36.1) 28.8 (26.8 – 31.0) 5.5 (4.6 – 6.5) 7.5 (6.2 – 9.0) 3.5 (2.7 – 4.6) 9.3 (8.4 – 10.4) 12.9 (11.3 – 14.6) 5.9 (5.1 – 6.9) 2015 35.5 (31.2 – 40.0) 37.5 (30.8 – 44.7) 33.5 (29.4 – 37.8) 77.4 (74.3 – 80.3) 76.2 (72.2 – 79.8) 78.7 (75.4 – 81.6) 7.3 (5.3 – 9.9) 10.2 (7.3 – 14.1) 4.2 (2.6 – 6.8) 10.5 (8.8 – 12.4) 13.4 (11.0 – 16.2) 7.4 (6.0 – 9.2) Timor–Leste 2006 – – – 61.4 (55.6 – 66.9) 60.5 (49.7 – 70.4) 61.7 (55.3 – 67.7) 21.9 (15.7 – 29.6) 27.6 (19.8 – 37.0) 17.0 (11.7 – 24.2) 34.3 (28.0 – 41.3) 39.4 (32.5 – 46.9) 29.8 (22.6 – 38.2) 2009 – – – 92.7 (89.7 – 94.9) 93.9 (88.9 – 96.7) 91.9 (87.6 – 94.8) 23.0 (17.3 – 29.8) 24.4 (17.4 – 33.2) 21.4 (16.1 – 27.9) 23.1 (16.9 – 30.6) 27.1 (18.8 – 37.4) 19.6 (14.2 – 26.4) 2013 79.0 (72.1 – 84.6) 81.1 (73.8 – 86.7) 76.9 (67.2 – 84.4) 88.6 (80.1 – 93.7) 92.0 (85.5 – 95.8) 84.6 (72.3 – 92.0) 12.4 (9.5 – 16.0) 16.1 (11.8 – 21.7) 8.5 (6.5 – 11.1) 12.8 (8.9 – 18.2) 14.2 (9.1 – 21.4) 11.2 (7.6 – 16.3) Secondhand smoke Access and availability Media: Tobacco industry advertising Media: Anti-tobacco advertising Knowledge and Attitudes 1Used any tobacco product (smoked or smokeless) anytime during the past 30 days 2Smoked any tobacco product anytime during the past 30 days 3Used any smokeless tobacco product anytime during the past 30 days 4Smoked cigarettes anytime during the past 30 days 5Youth who were exposed to tobacco smoke at home in the past 7 days 6Youth who were exposed to tobacco smoke in enclosed public places in the past 7 days. 7Youth who saw any advertisements or promotions for tobacco products at point of sale (such as stores, shops, kiosks, etc.) in the past 30 days 8Youth who saw someone using tobacco on television, videos, or movies in the past 30 days 9Youth who have something (e.g., t-shirt, pen, backpack) with a tobacco product brand logo on it. 10Youth who saw or heard any anti-tobacco messages in the media (e.g., television, radio, internet, billboards, posters, newspapers, magazines, or movies) in the past 30 days 11Youth who saw or heard any anti-tobacco messages at sporting events, fairs, concerts, community events, or social gatherings in the past 30 days 12Youth who are in favor of banning smoking in enclosed public places (such as schools, shops, restaurants, shopping malls, and movie theaters) †Figures are taken for enclosed or outdoor public places; after year 2011 enclosed public places and outdoor public places are separate entity. CI refers to 95% confidence interval - Indicates either question was not asked or data not available. * Sample size less than 35 is not reported as standard protocol of GYTS Acknowledgement: WHO sincerely acknowledge the contribution of researchers involved as principal investigators, schools and students and partners such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta USA and others. For more information please refer our website http://www.searo.who.int/nts PDF version of this publication and Excel data can be download from: http://www.searo.who.int/entity/ncd_tobacco_surveillance/documents/NTS_Publication Technical notes and definitions Country Year Exposed to tobacco smoke at home during the past seven days5 Exposed to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place during the past seven days6† Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 34.7 (27.3 – 42.8) 37.8 (29.6 – 46.8) 32.4 (23.8 – 42.5) 42.2 (34.0 – 50.8) 47.1 (39.7 – 54.6) 38.7 (28.7 – 49.7) 2013 31.1 (24.8 – 38.2) 33.0 (24.9 – 42.2) 27.7 (19.7 – 37.5) 59.0 (53.1 – 64.7) 61.3 (55.6 – 66.7) 54.8 (42.1 – 66.9) Bhutan 2004 29.2 (25.2 – 33.5) 30.7 (24.4 – 37.7) 27.0 (22.9 – 31.6) 47.4 (40.7 – 54.3) 45.0 (35.1 – 55.4) 49.5 (42.5 – 56.6) 2006 31.9 (29.0 – 35.1) 32.5 (26.9 – 38.5) 31.1 (28.0 – 34.5) 54.5 (47.2 – 61.6) 57.8 (49.4 – 65.8) 51.7 (43.8 – 59.6) 2009 29.5 (25.9 – 33.4) 29.2 (24.3 – 34.6) 29.5 (25.1 – 34.3) 59.4 (54.5 – 64.0) 58.6 (54.1 – 63.0) 59.7 (53.7 – 65.4) 2013 15.3 (13.0 – 17.9) 16.3 (11.5 – 22.5) 14.4 (12.2 – 17.0) 42.8 (39.1 – 46.6) 43.0 (37.9 – 48.3) 42.7 (38.4 – 47.1) India 2003 36.2 (34.7 – 37.7) – – 48.8 (47.2 – 50.3) – – 2006 26.6 (23.9 – 29.4) 29.2 (25.7 – 32.9) 23.1 (19.8 – 26.6) 40.3 (37.2 – 43.4) 43.7 (40.0 – 47.4) 35.6 (31.4 – 40.0) 2009 21.9 (19.9 – 24.2) 24.1 (21.4 – 26.9) 18.8 (15.7 – 22.4) 36.6 (33.6 – 39.6) 39.0 (35.7 – 42.4) 33.1 (28.9 – 37.6) Indonesia 2014 57.3 (50.3 – 64.1) 61.7 (53.9 – 69.0) 52.7 (45.9 – 59.3) 60.1 (54.6 – 65.3) 62.1 (55.2 – 68.6) 57.8 (52.8 – 62.7) Maldives 2004 45.4 (41.5 – 49.4) 42.1 (36.8 – 47.6) 49.6 (44.2 – 55.0) 69.2 (64.8 – 73.2) 67.9 (62.0 – 73.3) 70.9 (64.3 – 76.7) 2007 48.3 (44.7 – 52.0) 49.4 (45.4 – 53.3) 47.1 (42.8 – 51.5) 68.0 (65.2 – 70.6) 70.6 (66.8 – 74.2) 65.4 (61.3 – 69.3) 2011 34.5 (30.2 – 39.0) 35.1 (30.3 – 40.3) 33.1 (27.6 – 39.1) 43.0 (38.0 – 48.0) 50.7 (47.2 – 54.3) 34.8 (27.2 – 43.2) Myanmaar 2007 34.1 (29.6 – 38.9) 38.8 (33.0 – 45.0) 29.4 (24.5 – 34.9) 46.4 (41.9 – 51.1) 51.2 (45.1 – 57.2) 42.1 (35.7 – 48.7) 2011 32.2 (27.5 – 37.3) 37.6 (31.3 – 44.4) 26.8 (21.3 – 33.2) 38.4 (34.1 – 42.9) 41.9 (35.4 – 48.6) 35.1 (30.7 – 39.7) 2016 33.2 (28.2 – 38.5) 37.7 (32.3 – 43.4) 29.5 (24.1 – 35.6) 28.4 (24.6 – 32.5) 32.8 (27.7 – 38.4) 24.8 (20.7 – 29.4) Nepal 2007 35.3 (29.6 – 41.6) 38.5 (31.7 – 45.8) 31.7 (25.4 – 38.8) 47.3 (41.8 – 52.9) 49.5 (43.8 – 55.3) 44.7 (36.8 – 52.8) 2011 38.4 (32.8 – 44.3) 40.4 (32.4 – 48.8) 36.3 (31.1 – 41.9) 48.6 (43.8 – 53.4) 51.8 (45.1 – 58.4) 45.5 (39.7 – 51.5) Sri Lanka 2003 50.9 (47.6 – 54.2) 52.5 (47.9 – 57.1) 49.3 (45.3 – 53.2) – – – 2007 35.4 (31.5 – 39.6) 37.6 (32.8 – 42.6) 33.4 (28.0 – 39.2) 65.9 (62.1 – 69.5) 66.5 (60.5 – 72.1) 65.1 (60.5 – 69.4) 2011 21.2 (19.2 – 23.4) 23.1 (20.3 – 26.1) 19.2 (16.8 – 22.0) 42.5 (39.8 – 45.1) 43.0 (39.8 – 46.3) 41.8 (38.4 – 45.2) 2015 13.4 (9.6 – 18.5) 13.9 (9.3 – 20.1) 13.0 (9.3 – 18.0) 35.7 (32.8 – 38.7) 39.6 (34.7 – 44.7) 31.7 (27.5 – 36.2) Thailand 2005 49.0 (45.9 – 52.0) 47.4 (45.3 – 49.5) 48.6 (43.1 – 54.1) 68.2 (64.8 – 71.4) 68.4 (66.1 – 70.6) 67.9 (61.8 – 73.5) 2009 45.7 (43.9 – 47.5) 46.6 (43.5 – 49.6) 44.7 (42.2 – 47.2) 67.6 (65.5 – 69.6) 68.0 (64.9 – 70.9) 67.1 (65.0 – 69.2) 2015 33.8 (29.6 – 38.3) 31.3 (26.1 – 37.0) 36.6 (32.1 – 41.4) 38.6 (33.5 – 44.0) 31.3 (26.2 – 36.9) 46.5 (39.6 – 53.4) Timor–Leste 2006 63.2 (56.4 – 69.6) 66.0 (57.4 – 73.7) 61.1 (53.0 – 68.6) 69.8 (64.3 – 74.8) 74.2 (68.1 – 79.4) 65.7 (58.8 – 72.0) 2009 59.4 (51.3 – 67.0) 66.7 (56.4 – 75.6) 52.1 (43.8 – 60.3) 61.3 (55.2 – 67.1) 66.7 (59.4 – 73.4) 56.0 (48.6 – 63.1) 2013 66.0 (57.7 – 73.4) 69.6 (58.6 – 75.8) 62.1 (52.0 – 71.2) 69.9 (61.8 – 76.9) 72.3 (62.7 – 80.3) 67.3 (58.9 – 74.8) Country Year Current smokers who obtained cigarettes by buying them from a store, shop, or street vendor in the past 30 days Current smokers were NOT refused from buying cigarettes because of their age during the past 30 days Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 38.3 (17.2 – 64.9) 49.1 (26.7 – 71.8) * * * * 2013 84.8 (57.6 – 95.8) 84.9 (57.6 – 95.9) * 86.1 (50.0 – 97.5) 86.1 (50.0 – 97.5) * Bhutan 2004 41.3 (29.3 – 54.4) 49.2 (32.4 – 66.1) * * * * 2006 36.4 (24.8 – 49.8) 40.6 (28.0 – 54.4) * 59.2 (42.2 – 74.2) * * 2009 23.7 (16.4 – 33.0) 28.5 (17.2 – 43.3) 17.2 (9.7 – 28.8) * * * 2013 54.5 (46.5 – 62.4) 58.0 (49.9 – 65.6) 45.3 (29.5 – 62.1) 47.8 (39.4 – 56.3) 47.4 (36.5 – 58.6) 48.7 (32.2 – 65.6) India 2003 64.8 (57.7 – 71.2) – – 55.3 (41.8 – 68.1) – – 2006 51.9 (44.2 – 59.4) 51.7 (43.7 – 59.6) 52.6 (39.6 – 65.2) 72.1 (62.2 – 80.2) 70.4 (59.6 – 79.2) 79.4 (56.1 – 92.1) 2009 47.0 (38.1 – 56.1) 46.1 (34.7 – 58.0) 48.7 (38.4 – 59.0) 56.2 (44.4 – 67.3) 55.2 (41.4 – 68.1) 61.3 (42.4 – 77.2) Indonesia 2014 64.9 (57.3 – 71.9) 65.4 (57.0 – 73.0) 63.5 (50.3 – 74.9) 64.5 (59.0 – 69.7) 64.4 (58.6 – 69.9) * Maldives 2004 57.0 (43.9 – 69.2) 58.8 (42.7 – 73.2) * * * * 2007 34.0 (22.1 – 48.3) 38.4 (26.6 – 51.8) * * * * 2011 34.0 (24.1 – 45.7) 38.9 (25.5 – 54.4) * * * * Myanmar 2007 23.7 (16.1 – 33.4) 22.4 (14.7 – 32.7) * * * * 2011 39.2 (28.0 – 51.3) 40.3 (29.2 – 52.5) * * * * 2016 54.5 (47.3 – 61.5) 54.7 (46.3 – 62.9) * 62.9 (51.4 – 73.0) 64.7 (52.4 – 75.3) * Nepal 2007 38.1 (23.1 – 55.7) 43.1 (26.7 – 61.2) * * * * 2011 27.1 (12.8 – 48.6) * * * * * Sri Lanka 2011 20.3 (10.8 – 34.8) 18.6 (9.4 – 33.5) * – – – 2015 * * * * * * Thailand 2005 38.1 (31.7 – 45.1) 40.3 (34.2 – 46.6) 31.8 (21.5 – 44.4) 28.3 (18.9 – 40.1) 25.2 (16.9 – 35.7) 54.7 (34.9 – 73.1) 2009 47.9 (41.4 – 54.6) 50.2 (43.3 – 57.1) 33.5 (24.1 – 44.4) 38.3 (31.5 – 45.5) 35.4 (28.8 – 42.6) 58.6 (37.8 – 76.8) 2015 67.4 (58.5 – 75.3) 68.0 (56.2 – 78.0) 65.7 (51.3 – 77.7) 44.0 (31.7 – 57.1) 40.8 (26.2 – 57.3) 53.5 (37.3 – 69.0) Timor–Leste 2006 24.1 (17.6 – 32.1) 23.3 (17.4 – 30.5) 23.2 (11.4 – 41.7) 41.2 (23.6 – 57.4) * * 2009 55.0 (43.4 – 66.1) 49.8 (33.7 – 66.1) 64.4 (44.4 – 80.4) 64.0 (45.5 – 79.1) 63.6 (41.1 – 81.4) * 2013 82.7 (75.3 – 88.3) 84.2 (77.1 – 89.4) 77.9 (59.3 – 89.4) 46.7 (38.8 – 54.7) 46.3 (38.3 – 54.4) 49.0 (35.2 – 63.0) Country Year Noticing anti-tobacco messages in the media during past 30 days10 Noticing anti-tobacco messages at sporting or community events11 Students who were taught in school about the dangers of tobacco use in the past 12 months Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 87.6 (83.9 – 90.5) 86.9 (78.1 – 92.6) 88.5 (81.9 – 92.9) 91.2 (89.0 – 93.0) 88.7 (84.1 – 92.0) 92.8 (88.9 – 95.4) 54.2 (45.8 – 62.5) 56.8 (46.1 – 66.9) 52.8 (40.9 – 64.3) 2013 66.2 (59.4 – 72.5) 65.9 (58.1 – 72.9) 66.8 (57.2 – 75.3) 58.0 (48.5 – 67.0) 55.8 (43.9 – 67.1) 62.3 (48.7 – 74.2) 57.7 (50.0 – 65.0) 55.2 (45.7 – 64.3) 62.1 (49.4 – 73.4) Bhutan 2004 74.5 (69.2 – 79.3) 71.9 (62.3 – 79.8) 76.5 (66.1 – 84.5) 71.9 (64.8 – 78.2) 72.3 (62.9 – 80.1) 71.0 (61.2 – 79.1) 56.7 (49.5 – 63.5) 57.9 (50.3 – 65.1) 55.6 (46.6 – 64.2) 2006 82.6 (76.4 – 87.4) 83.7 (77.4 – 88.5) 81.6 (74.2 – 87.2) 79.2 (72.3 – 84.8) 78.0 (70.3 – 84.1) 79.6 (72.3 – 85.3) 59.8 (52.7 – 66.5) 59.9 (51.7 – 67.7) 59.2 (52.5 – 65.5) 2009 86.9 (83.4 – 89.8) 85.2 (80.0 – 89.3) 88.3 (82.2 – 92.5) 83.1 (79.8 – 86.0) 84.4 (75.5 – 90.5) 82.1 (76.5 – 86.6) 61.6 (55.8 – 67.1) 63.8 (56.6 – 70.4) 60.9 (54.9 – 66.7) 2013 74.0 (70.4 – 77.2) 72.7 (67.2 – 77.5) 75.1 (71.7 – 78.2) 59.3 (55.4 – 63.0) 56.8 (49.7 – 63.5) 61.6 (55.9 – 67.0) 60.8 (55.9 – 65.4) 60.8 (53.6 – 67.7) 60.7 (56.4 – 64.9) India 2006 74.0 (71.9 – 76.0) 74.3 (72.0 – 76.5) 73.5 (70.0 – 76.9) 80.2 (77.5 – 82.7) 81.4 (78.6 – 83.9) 78.5 (74.4 – 82.0) 54.4 (51.9 – 57.0) 53.6 (50.5 – 56.6) 55.6 (51.5 – 59.7) 2009 77.5 (74.5 – 80.3) 77.6 (73.7 – 81.1) 77.6 (73.9 – 80.9) 82.0 (79.5 – 84.3) 83.1 (80.6 – 85.2) 80.6 (76.6 – 84.1) 63.3 (60.8 – 65.8) 63.6 (60.2 – 66.9) 63.2 (59.2 – 66.3) Indonesia 2014 70.1 (67.2 – 72.9) 70.6 (66.8 – 74.1) 69.6 (66.9 – 72.2) 47.3 (42.6 – 52.1) 50.5 (45.6 – 55.3) 43.3 (37.6 – 49.2) 69.3 (66.7 – 71.7) 70.5 (67.2 – 73.7) 68.0 (65.0 – 70.8) Maldives 2004 91.6 (88.5 – 93.9) 89.5 (85.5 – 92.5) 95.1 (90.7 – 97.5) 87.1 (83.4 – 90.1) 87.7 (81.9 – 91.9) 86.7 (81.9 – 90.4) 39.8 (33.7 – 46.2) 38.1 (32.2 – 44.4) 43.0 (31.2 – 55.5) 2007 90.0 (88.6 – 91.3) 88.1 (85.8 – 90.1) 91.7 (89.6 – 93.4) 82.0 (79.2 – 84.6) 80.9 (78.0 – 83.5) 83.1 (79.3 – 86.3) 43.8 (39.0 – 48.7) 39.9 (33.5 – 46.8) 47.2 (39.9 – 54.7) 2011 87.6 (85.4 – 89.5) 86.3 (83.5 – 88.7) 88.9 (85.5 – 91.6) – – – 40.9 (36.8 – 45.2) 40.4 (35.4 – 45.6) 41.5 (35.2 – 48.2) Myanmar 2007 93.4 (91.2 – 95.0) 91.9 (88.4 – 94.4) 94.7 (92.7 – 96.2) 88.0 (85.5 – 90.0) 88.2 (85.3 – 90.6) 87.5 (83.8 – 90.5) 65.4 (61.2 – 69.4) 65.0 (59.5 – 70.1) 66.1 (60.0 – 71.7) 2011 91.8 (89.6 – 93.6) 91.6 (89.1 – 93.7) 91.9 (88.8 – 94.2) – – – 65.3 (58.8 – 71.3) 60.7 (52.1 – 68.7) 70.1 (63.6 – 75.8) 2016 80.2 (77.3 – 82.9) 80.8 (77.1 – 83.9) 79.9 (76.0 – 83.2) 59.6 (55.2 – 63.9) 56.3 (51.8 – 60.7) 62.7 (56.7 – 68.3) 64.2 (58.9 – 69.2) 61.4 (55.2 – 67.3) 66.4 (60.9 – 71.5) Nepal 2007 92.0 (88.2 – 94.7) 90.4 (84.4 – 94.3) 93.8 (91.0 – 95.8) 85.7 (82.5 – 88.4) 86.2 (82.2 – 89.3) 85.1 (79.4 – 89.5) 65.8 (62.0 – 69.5) 63.2 (58.9 – 67.4) 68.8 (62.9 – 74.2) 2011 87.1 (82.5 – 90.6) 85.3 (80.0 – 89.4) 88.7 (82.8 – 92.8) – – – 79.3 (74.8 – 83.2) 76.8 (70.9 – 81.9) 82.3 (76.8 – 86.7) Sri Lanka 2003 – – – 84.7 (80.3 – 88.2) 81.7 (74.5 – 87.2) 87.5 (84.4 – 90.1) 79.8 (75.8 – 83.3) 78.5 (72.5 – 83.5) 81.4 (77.4 – 84.8) 2007 84.5 (81.3 – 87.2) 82.7 (78.6 – 86.2) 86.3 (82.3 – 89.4) 88.1 (84.8 – 90.7) 87.0 (81.7 – 90.9) 89.1 (85.8 – 91.7) 72.8 (67.1 – 77.8) 65.8 (58.3 – 72.5) 79.8 (74.8 – 84.0) 2011 – – – – – – 69.6 (66.2 – 72.8) 67.9 (63.7 – 71.9) 71.7 (67.7 – 75.3) 2015 88.0 (84.5 – 90.8) 88.5 (83.8 – 91.9) 87.6 (82.6 – 91.3) 57.9 (50.8 – 64.7) 59.0 (51.0 – 66.6) 56.3 (47.3 – 64.8) 78.9 (71.8 – 84.6) 76.3 (66.5 – 83.9) 81.5 (72.5 – 88.0) Thailand 2005 91.9 (90.7 – 92.9) 90.0 (88.9 – 91.0) 94.5 (93.6 – 95.3) 92.8 (91.6 – 93.9) 91.7 (90.5 – 92.8) 94.9 (94.0 – 95.8) 61.9 (58.6 – 65.2) 63.4 (61.3 – 65.5) 62.6 (56.2 – 68.5) 2009 89.5 (87.9 – 90.9) 86.5 (84.4 – 88.3) 92.3 (90.9 – 93.5) 90.4 (89.3 – 91.5) 89.1 (87.3 – 90.7) 91.6 (90.3 – 92.7) 59.6 (56.9 – 62.2) 55.3 (52.3 – 58.2) 63.7 (60.5 – 66.8) 2015 74.9 (70.6 – 78.7) 69.8 (64.3 – 74.8) 80.1 (76.3 – 83.4) 72.2 (68.1 – 75.9) 74.1 (68.9 – 78.6) 70.5 (65.9 – 74.7) 76.2 (72.1 – 79.9) 72.5 (67.7 – 76.9) 80.1 (75.4 – 84.1) Timor–Leste 2006 69.3 (61.5 – 76.1) 66.4 (56.4 – 75.1) 71.5 (63.1 – 78.6) 85.9 (81.5 – 89.4) 87.8 (82.3 – 91.8) 84.7 (79.6 – 88.6) 33.5 (28.3 – 39.1) 40.4 (32.4 – 49.0) 28.0 (22.9 – 33.7) 2009 82.9 (77.1 – 87.9) 82.9 (74.7 – 88.8) 83.0 (77.2 – 87.7) 69.2 (64.2 – 73.7) 67.8 (60.0 – 74.8) 69.8 (60.9 – 77.5) – – – 2013 74.9 (66.4 – 81.9) 76.8 (67.9 – 83.8) 73.1 (64.7 – 80.2) 53.2 (42.9 – 63.2) 51.0 (36.7 – 65.0) 56.3 (45.1 – 66.9) 35.8 (28.9 – 43.3) 35.8 (27.0 – 45.7) 35.6 (26.6 – 45.7) Country Year Students who definitely thought other people's tobacco smoking is harmful to them Students who favor banning smoking inside enclosed public places12† Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 83.3 (79.4 – 86.6) 86.6 (79.5 – 91.5) 81.6 (76.8 – 85.5) 74.9 (63.6 – 83.7) 81.4 (70.1 – 89.1) 70.3 (58.2 – 80.2) 2013 82.0 (75.6 – 87.0) 82.1 (74.7 – 87.7) 81.8 (69.6 – 89.8) 72.5 (66.7 – 77.7) 72.6 (66.9 – 77.6) 72.3 (59.2 – 82.5) Bhutan 2004 63.4 (57.7 – 68.8) 61.9 (52.5 – 70.6) 64.3 (59.0 – 69.3) 19.8 (12.5 – 29.9) 21.7 (13.9 – 32.2) 17.9 (10.8 – 28.3) 2006 62.1 (55.3 – 68.4) 64.6 (57.4 – 71.1) 60.5 (52.3 – 68.2) 47.0 (37.2 – 57.1) 49.6 (39.7 – 59.7) 45.0 (34.9 – 55.6) 2009 72.8 (67.4 – 77.7) 73.5 (66.7 – 79.4) 72.4 (66.3 – 77.7) 44.1 (35.5 – 53.1) 45.4 (37.4 – 53.7) 42.9 (33.0 – 53.4) 2013 78.9 (75.3 – 82.1) 78.5 (72.4 – 83.6) 79.2 (75.1 – 82.9) 49.1 (43.2 – 55.1) 50.5 (42.8 – 58.1) 48.0 (41.7 – 54.5) India 2006 67.9 (64.8 – 70.8) 66.6 (63.0 – 70.0) 69.6 (66.0 – 73.0) 74.0 (70.6 – 77.1) 73.9 (69.7 – 77.7) 74.1 (69.7 – 78.0) 2009 66.8 (64.1 – 69.4) 63.6 (60.4 – 66.7) 71.6 (67.3 – 75.6) 63.9 (61.1 – 66.6) 64.2 (60.8 – 67.5) 63.4 (59.2 – 67. 5) Indonesia 2014 72.5 (69.8 – 75.0) 67.6 (64.9 – 70.3) 77.6 (74.1 – 80.7) 89.4 (87.1 – 91.4) 87.6 (85.3 – 89.6) 91.3 (88.4 – 93.5) Myanmar 2007 48.4 (44.5 – 52.4) 49.2 (44.2 – 54.2) 47.9 (43.2 – 52.7) 88.9 (85.5 – 91.6) 87.7 (84.2 – 90.5) 90.0 (85.4 – 93.3) 2011 51.1 (45.8 – 56.3) 50.9 (45.6 – 56.2) 51.3 (44.4 – 58.2) 90.6 (86.9 – 93.3) 88.6 (83.7 – 92.2) 92.7 (89.5 – 94.9) 2016 65.0 (59.9 – 69.8) 59.9 (54.6 – 64.9) 69.1 (63.0 – 74.6) 94.6 (93.1 – 95.8) 94.2 (90.0 – 95.8) 94.9 (92.7 – 96.5) Nepal 2007 77.3 (71.0 – 82.5) 74.1 (67.5 – 79.7) 80.9 (74.2 – 86.2) 55.7 (49.0 – 62.2) 58.3 (50.4 – 65.8) 52.8 (45.2 – 60.3) 2011 62.5 (56.8 – 67.8) 64.8 (57.3 – 71.7) 60.8 (54.4 – 66.9) 66.2 (60.1 – 71.1) 66.5 (60.2 – 72.2) 66.2 (57.9 – 73.5) Sri Lanka 2003 71.4 (66.6 – 75.7) 68.7 (61.6 – 75.1) 74.7 (69.3 – 79.4) 93.0 (90.9 – 94.7) 91.8 (89.1 – 93.8) 94.4 (91.6 – 96.3) 2007 77.8 (73.3 – 81.8) 74.4 (67.7 – 80.1) 81.3 (76.1 – 85.5) 87.9 (83.1 – 91.5) 85.8 (80.0 – 90.1) 90.1 (83.1 – 94.1) 2011 87.4 (85.8 – 88.9) 84.9 (82.8 – 86.8) 90.2 (88.2 – 91.8) 88.9 (86.8 – 90.6) 87.7 (85.2 – 89.9) 90.3 (87.6 – 92.5) 2015 86.2 (81.8 – 89.7) 82.8 (75.8 – 88.1) 89.6 (83.9 – 93.5) 96.4 (95.2 – 97.3) 95.7 (93.7 – 97.1) 97.3 (95.6 – 98.4) Thailand 2005 68.6 (64.5 – 72.5) 68.5 (66.3 – 70.7) 70.8 (63.9 – 76.9) 88.1 (83.1 – 91.8) 87.8 (86.3 – 89.2) 89.5 (79.2 – 95.0) 2009 79.1 (77.2 – 80.9) 75.3 (72.2 – 78.2) 82.8 (80.9 – 84.6) 83.4 (81.6 – 85.0) 80.6 (77.7 – 83.2) 86.0 (84.3 – 87.5) 2015 77.6 (74.7 – 80.4) 72.6 (67.6 – 77.0) 83.0 (79.0 – 86.3) – – – Timor–Leste 2006 31.7 (27.6 – 36.1) 31.7 (26.4 – 37.5) 31.8 (27.0 – 37.0) 39.9 (35.9 – 44.0) 45.3 (37.9 – 52.9) 36.2 (30.9 – 41.8) 2009 34.0 (29.0 – 39.3) 34.6 (28.3 – 41.5) 33.5 (27.9 – 39.6) 56.6 (50.3 – 62.8) 56.1 (48.4 – 63.6) 56.6 (49.1 – 63.8) 2013 34.9 (28.8 – 41.6) 29.1 (23.2 – 35.9) 41.1 (33.2 – 49.4) 19.6 (15.7 – 24.2) 21.1 (17.2 – 32.7) 14.9 (12.3 – 18.0) Country Year Noticing tobacco advertisements or promotions at point of sale/billboards in the past 30 days7 Noticing pro-cigarette ads in newspapers or magazines or on television, videos, or movies in the past 30 days8 Students who were ever offered a free tobacco product from a tobacco company representative Students who own something with a tobacco brand logo on it9 Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 – – – 84.7 (79.2 – 88.9) 85.4 (81.0 – 88.9) 84.0 (76.2 – 89.6) 6.4 (4.3 – 9.4) 8.6 (5.9 – 12.3) 4.6 (2.8 – 7.5) 12.8 (10.0 – 16.4) 15.3 (10.2 – 22.2) 10.9 (7.4 – 15.7) 2013 52.3 (42.2 – 62.3) 57.2 (45.6 – 68.1) 42.4 (29.3 – 56.7) 77.2 (71.6 – 82.0) 80.2 (74.9 – 84.6) 71.5 (60.8 – 80.2) 6.3 (3.5 – 11.2) 8.8 (4.8 – 15.5) 1.8 (0.9 – 3.9) 9.0 (6.2 – 12.8) 11.1 (7.4 – 16.5) 5.0 (3.2 – 7.7) Bhutan 2004 – – – 93.0 (89.9 – 95.2) 93.7 (89.2 – 96.4) 92.9 (89.3 – 95.4) 13.7 (11.4 – 16.5) 14.0 (11.0 – 17.7) 12.9 (9.5 – 17.3) 9.1 (6.6 – 12.6) 8.0 (4.1 – 14.7) 10.2 (7.5 – 13.8) 2006 – – – 93.5 (89.7 – 96.0) 91.9 (85.0 – 95.7) 94.9 (92.0 – 96.8) 11.1 (8.0 – 15.1) 14.1 (9.9 – 19.6) 8.6 (6.1 – 12.1) 10.5 (8.7 – 12.6) 11.9 (8.4 – 16.7) 9.2 (7.0 – 11.9) 2009 – – – 98.4 (96.2 – 99.3) 98.9 (96.2 – 99.7) 98.2 (94.8 – 99.4) – – – 14.9 (11.5 – 18.9) 17.7 (12.8 – 23.8) 12.5 (8.6 – 17.8) 2013 43.6 (37.9 – 49.6) 46.4 (39.8 – 53.1) 41.3 (33.4 – 49.7) 79.8 (77.3 – 82.1) 79.0 (74.9 – 82.5) 80.5 (77.3 – 83.4) 9.7 (8.1 – 11.6) 11.9 (8.7 – 16.0) 7.9 (6.5 – 9.6) 14.0 (12.0 – 16.3) 18.6 (15.7 – 21.9) 10.2 (7.9 – 13.0) India 2006 71.6 (69.3 – 73.9) 72.8 (69.9 – 75.4) 70.0 (66.2 – 73.6) 92.4 (90.9 – 93.6) 92.8 (90.9 – 94.3) 91.8 (89.6 – 93.6) 11.2 (9.8 – 12.8) 12.0 (10.7 – 13.5) 10.0 (7.6 – 13.1) – – – 2009 74.4 (71.4 – 77.3) 75.4 (71.2 – 79.3) 73.1 (69.8 – 76.2) 90.0 (88.5 – 91.2) 89.7 (88.2 – 90.9) 90.4 (87.8 – 92.4) 8.1 (7.0 – 9.5) 9.0 (7.4 – 10.9) 6.8 (5.8 – 7.9) – – – Indonesia 2014 60.7 (56.2 – 64.9) 64.5 (59.3 – 69.3) 56.5 (51.6 – 61.2) 62.7 (57.9 – 67.3) 66.1 (60.3 – 71.4) 59.1 (54.6 – 63.5) 7.9 (6.3 – 9.9) 12.6 (9.8 – 15.9) 3.0 (2.1 – 4.5) 9.0 (7.4 – 10.9) 11.9 (9.8 – 14.5) 5.9 (4.5 – 7.7) Maldives 2004 – – – 74.6 (70.1 – 78.6) 78.3 (72.6 – 83.0) 68.0 (61.6 – 73.9) 10.6 (6.9 – 15.9) 13.7 (8.3 – 22.0) 5.3 (2.7 – 10.0) 13.0 (9.3 – 17.8) 16.3 (10.8 – 23.9) 7.0 (4.3 – 11.4) 2007 – – – 47.0 (44.4 – 49.6) 48.4 (44.4 – 52.4) 45.9 (42.8 – 49.0) 7.1 (5.6 – 9.1) 9.0 (6.4 – 12.5) 5.5 (4.1 – 7.4) 8.1 (6.3 – 10.3) 9.6 (7.1 – 12.8) 6.4 (4.8 – 8.4) 2011 41.4 (38.8 – 44.0) 44.4 (41.2 – 47.7) 38.5 (33.6 – 43.6) 42.7 (39.9 – 45.5) 43.2 (39.9 – 46.6) 41.7 (37.6 – 46.0) 7.4 (5.8 – 9.4) 9.1 (6.8 – 12.0) 5.9 (4.0 – 8.6) 10.0 (8.4 – 11.9) 12.0 (9.5 – 15.1) 7.7 (6.1 – 9.8) Myanmar 2007 74.3 (70.5 – 77.7) 74.7 (69.7 – 79.2) 73.9 (69.9 – 77.6) 63.8 (60.0 – 67.5) 63.5 (58.3 – 68.4) 64.3 (59.6 – 68.8) 8.7 (7.2 – 10.4) 9.5 (7.5 – 11.9) 7.9 (5.8 – 10.6) 8.6 (6.9 – 10.6) 9.5 (7.3 – 12.3) 7.7 (5.7 – 10.2) 2011 69.4 (65.4 – 73.1) 71.3 (66.5 – 75.7) 67.2 (62.2 – 71.9) 58.4 (53.4 – 63.3) 59.3 (53.2 – 65.2) 57.4 (51.9 – 62.7) 12.5 (9.8 – 15.8) 16.5 (12.5 – 21.3) 8.3 (5.7 – 12.0) 8.8 (6.9 – 11.1) 10.9 (8.4 – 14.0) 6.4 (4.5 – 8.9) 2016 42.3 (37.5 – 47.2) 47.3 (41.3 – 53.5) 37.0 (31.5 – 43.0) 83.4 (79.2 – 86.9) 85.3 (80.6 – 89.0) 81.8 (77.7 – 85.2) 5.9 (4.8 – 7.1) 8.7 (7.0 – 10.7) 3.6 (2.5 – 5.0) 5.6 (4.5 – 7.0) 7.3 (5.7 – 9.3) 4.2 (3.2 – 5.6) Nepal 2007 84.7 (80.5 – 88.1) 87.4 (80.7 – 92.0) 81.5 (74.7 – 86.8) 87.6 (82.7 – 91.2) 87.6 (82.6 – 91.3) 87.6 (80.3 – 92.4) 7.9 (5.3 – 11.4) 7.6 (4.6 – 12.4) 7.9 (5.2 – 11.8) 10.7 (8.3 – 13.6) 12.9 (9.6 – 17.1) 8.0 (5.8 – 11.1) 2011 79.1 (73.2 – 84.1) 78.5 (69.9 – 85.1) 79.9 (74.4 – 84.4) 75.3 (68.7 – 80.8) 76.0 (69.2 – 81.6) 74.7 (67.2 – 81.0) 13.1 (11.5 – 15.0) 15.7 (13.2 – 18.6) 10.5 (7.8 – 13.9) 13.7 (10.8 – 17.1) 13.8 (10.8 – 17.6) 13.3 (9.2 – 18.9) Sri Lanka 2003 79.3 (76.3 – 82.0) 81.6 (77.8 – 84.9) 76.8 (72.4 – 80.7) 78.4 (75.5 – 81.0) 77.8 (74.3 – 80.9) 78.9 (74.3 – 82.9) 5.9 (4.7 – 7.5) 7.5 (5.7 – 9.8) 4.2 (2.9 – 6.1) 11.0 (9.3 – 12.9) 9.8 (7.3 – 12.9) 11.8 (9.3 – 14.9) 2007 67.4 (62.6 – 71.8) 69.3 (64.0 – 74.1) 65.5 (59.5 – 71.1) 68.4 (64.5 – 72.1) 68.8 (62.1 – 74.7) 68.0 (63.1 – 72.6) 3.0 (1.7 – 5.0) 2.7 (1.3 – 5.7) 3.2 (1.8 – 5.8) 5.7 (4.1 – 7.9) 6.0 (4.0 – 9.0) 5.5 (3.7 – 8.0) 2011 – – – 62.1 (59.8 – 64.4) 59.7 (56.5 – 62.9) 64.1 (61.3 – 66.9) 2.9 (2.3 – 3.8) 4.2 (3.1 – 5.7) 1.8 (1.3 – 2.5) 4.6 (3.8 – 5.5) 5.7 (4.5 – 7.3) 3.5 (2.6 – 4.6) 2015 44.6 (37.7 – 51.7) 47.5 (41.3 – 53.7) 41.6 (31.6 – 52.2) 83.1 (77.6 – 87.5) 85.0 (78.2 – 89.9) 81.2 (74.5 – 86.4) 2.0 (1.2 – 3.5) 2.9 (1.7 – 4.9) 1.2 (0.4 – 3.4) 2.9 (1.8 – 4.5) 3.8 (2.2 – 6.6) 1.9 (1.1 – 3.6) Thailand 2005 – – – – – – 10.2 (8.2 – 12.7) 11.3 (10.0 – 12.7) 8.9 (5.6 – 14.0) 42.0 (38.6 – 45.4) 42.5 (40.2 – 44.8) 41.1 (35.5 – 46.9) 2009 – – – 31.0 (29.1 – 32.9) 33.2 (30.4 – 36.1) 28.8 (26.8 – 31.0) 5.5 (4.6 – 6.5) 7.5 (6.2 – 9.0) 3.5 (2.7 – 4.6) 9.3 (8.4 – 10.4) 12.9 (11.3 – 14.6) 5.9 (5.1 – 6.9) 2015 35.5 (31.2 – 40.0) 37.5 (30.8 – 44.7) 33.5 (29.4 – 37.8) 77.4 (74.3 – 80.3) 76.2 (72.2 – 79.8) 78.7 (75.4 – 81.6) 7.3 (5.3 – 9.9) 10.2 (7.3 – 14.1) 4.2 (2.6 – 6.8) 10.5 (8.8 – 12.4) 13.4 (11.0 – 16.2) 7.4 (6.0 – 9.2) Timor–Leste 2006 – – – 61.4 (55.6 – 66.9) 60.5 (49.7 – 70.4) 61.7 (55.3 – 67.7) 21.9 (15.7 – 29.6) 27.6 (19.8 – 37.0) 17.0 (11.7 – 24.2) 34.3 (28.0 – 41.3) 39.4 (32.5 – 46.9) 29.8 (22.6 – 38.2) 2009 – – – 92.7 (89.7 – 94.9) 93.9 (88.9 – 96.7) 91.9 (87.6 – 94.8) 23.0 (17.3 – 29.8) 24.4 (17.4 – 33.2) 21.4 (16.1 – 27.9) 23.1 (16.9 – 30.6) 27.1 (18.8 – 37.4) 19.6 (14.2 – 26.4) 2013 79.0 (72.1 – 84.6) 81.1 (73.8 – 86.7) 76.9 (67.2 – 84.4) 88.6 (80.1 – 93.7) 92.0 (85.5 – 95.8) 84.6 (72.3 – 92.0) 12.4 (9.5 – 16.0) 16.1 (11.8 – 21.7) 8.5 (6.5 – 11.1) 12.8 (8.9 – 18.2) 14.2 (9.1 – 21.4) 11.2 (7.6 – 16.3) Secondhand smoke Access and availability Media: Tobacco industry advertising Media: Anti-tobacco advertising Knowledge and Attitudes 1Used any tobacco product (smoked or smokeless) anytime during the past 30 days 2Smoked any tobacco product anytime during the past 30 days 3Used any smokeless tobacco product anytime during the past 30 days 4Smoked cigarettes anytime during the past 30 days 5Youth who were exposed to tobacco smoke at home in the past 7 days 6Youth who were exposed to tobacco smoke in enclosed public places in the past 7 days. 7Youth who saw any advertisements or promotions for tobacco products at point of sale (such as stores, shops, kiosks, etc.) in the past 30 days 8Youth who saw someone using tobacco on television, videos, or movies in the past 30 days 9Youth who have something (e.g., t-shirt, pen, backpack) with a tobacco product brand logo on it. 10Youth who saw or heard any anti-tobacco messages in the media (e.g., television, radio, internet, billboards, posters, newspapers, magazines, or movies) in the past 30 days 11Youth who saw or heard any anti-tobacco messages at sporting events, fairs, concerts, community events, or social gatherings in the past 30 days 12Youth who are in favor of banning smoking in enclosed public places (such as schools, shops, restaurants, shopping malls, and movie theaters) †Figures are taken for enclosed or outdoor public places; after year 2011 enclosed public places and outdoor public places are separate entity. CI refers to 95% confidence interval - Indicates either question was not asked or data not available. * Sample size less than 35 is not reported as standard protocol of GYTS Acknowledgement: WHO sincerely acknowledge the contribution of researchers involved as principal investigators, schools and students and partners such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta USA and others. For more information please refer our website http://www.searo.who.int/nts PDF version of this publication and Excel data can be download from: http://www.searo.who.int/entity/ncd_tobacco_surveillance/documents/NTS_Publication Technical notes and definitions Country Year Exposed to tobacco smoke at home during the past seven days5 Exposed to tobacco smoke inside any enclosed public place during the past seven days6† Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 34.7 (27.3 – 42.8) 37.8 (29.6 – 46.8) 32.4 (23.8 – 42.5) 42.2 (34.0 – 50.8) 47.1 (39.7 – 54.6) 38.7 (28.7 – 49.7) 2013 31.1 (24.8 – 38.2) 33.0 (24.9 – 42.2) 27.7 (19.7 – 37.5) 59.0 (53.1 – 64.7) 61.3 (55.6 – 66.7) 54.8 (42.1 – 66.9) Bhutan 2004 29.2 (25.2 – 33.5) 30.7 (24.4 – 37.7) 27.0 (22.9 – 31.6) 47.4 (40.7 – 54.3) 45.0 (35.1 – 55.4) 49.5 (42.5 – 56.6) 2006 31.9 (29.0 – 35.1) 32.5 (26.9 – 38.5) 31.1 (28.0 – 34.5) 54.5 (47.2 – 61.6) 57.8 (49.4 – 65.8) 51.7 (43.8 – 59.6) 2009 29.5 (25.9 – 33.4) 29.2 (24.3 – 34.6) 29.5 (25.1 – 34.3) 59.4 (54.5 – 64.0) 58.6 (54.1 – 63.0) 59.7 (53.7 – 65.4) 2013 15.3 (13.0 – 17.9) 16.3 (11.5 – 22.5) 14.4 (12.2 – 17.0) 42.8 (39.1 – 46.6) 43.0 (37.9 – 48.3) 42.7 (38.4 – 47.1) India 2003 36.2 (34.7 – 37.7) – – 48.8 (47.2 – 50.3) – – 2006 26.6 (23.9 – 29.4) 29.2 (25.7 – 32.9) 23.1 (19.8 – 26.6) 40.3 (37.2 – 43.4) 43.7 (40.0 – 47.4) 35.6 (31.4 – 40.0) 2009 21.9 (19.9 – 24.2) 24.1 (21.4 – 26.9) 18.8 (15.7 – 22.4) 36.6 (33.6 – 39.6) 39.0 (35.7 – 42.4) 33.1 (28.9 – 37.6) Indonesia 2014 57.3 (50.3 – 64.1) 61.7 (53.9 – 69.0) 52.7 (45.9 – 59.3) 60.1 (54.6 – 65.3) 62.1 (55.2 – 68.6) 57.8 (52.8 – 62.7) Maldives 2004 45.4 (41.5 – 49.4) 42.1 (36.8 – 47.6) 49.6 (44.2 – 55.0) 69.2 (64.8 – 73.2) 67.9 (62.0 – 73.3) 70.9 (64.3 – 76.7) 2007 48.3 (44.7 – 52.0) 49.4 (45.4 – 53.3) 47.1 (42.8 – 51.5) 68.0 (65.2 – 70.6) 70.6 (66.8 – 74.2) 65.4 (61.3 – 69.3) 2011 34.5 (30.2 – 39.0) 35.1 (30.3 – 40.3) 33.1 (27.6 – 39.1) 43.0 (38.0 – 48.0) 50.7 (47.2 – 54.3) 34.8 (27.2 – 43.2) Myanmaar 2007 34.1 (29.6 – 38.9) 38.8 (33.0 – 45.0) 29.4 (24.5 – 34.9) 46.4 (41.9 – 51.1) 51.2 (45.1 – 57.2) 42.1 (35.7 – 48.7) 2011 32.2 (27.5 – 37.3) 37.6 (31.3 – 44.4) 26.8 (21.3 – 33.2) 38.4 (34.1 – 42.9) 41.9 (35.4 – 48.6) 35.1 (30.7 – 39.7) 2016 33.2 (28.2 – 38.5) 37.7 (32.3 – 43.4) 29.5 (24.1 – 35.6) 28.4 (24.6 – 32.5) 32.8 (27.7 – 38.4) 24.8 (20.7 – 29.4) Nepal 2007 35.3 (29.6 – 41.6) 38.5 (31.7 – 45.8) 31.7 (25.4 – 38.8) 47.3 (41.8 – 52.9) 49.5 (43.8 – 55.3) 44.7 (36.8 – 52.8) 2011 38.4 (32.8 – 44.3) 40.4 (32.4 – 48.8) 36.3 (31.1 – 41.9) 48.6 (43.8 – 53.4) 51.8 (45.1 – 58.4) 45.5 (39.7 – 51.5) Sri Lanka 2003 50.9 (47.6 – 54.2) 52.5 (47.9 – 57.1) 49.3 (45.3 – 53.2) – – – 2007 35.4 (31.5 – 39.6) 37.6 (32.8 – 42.6) 33.4 (28.0 – 39.2) 65.9 (62.1 – 69.5) 66.5 (60.5 – 72.1) 65.1 (60.5 – 69.4) 2011 21.2 (19.2 – 23.4) 23.1 (20.3 – 26.1) 19.2 (16.8 – 22.0) 42.5 (39.8 – 45.1) 43.0 (39.8 – 46.3) 41.8 (38.4 – 45.2) 2015 13.4 (9.6 – 18.5) 13.9 (9.3 – 20.1) 13.0 (9.3 – 18.0) 35.7 (32.8 – 38.7) 39.6 (34.7 – 44.7) 31.7 (27.5 – 36.2) Thailand 2005 49.0 (45.9 – 52.0) 47.4 (45.3 – 49.5) 48.6 (43.1 – 54.1) 68.2 (64.8 – 71.4) 68.4 (66.1 – 70.6) 67.9 (61.8 – 73.5) 2009 45.7 (43.9 – 47.5) 46.6 (43.5 – 49.6) 44.7 (42.2 – 47.2) 67.6 (65.5 – 69.6) 68.0 (64.9 – 70.9) 67.1 (65.0 – 69.2) 2015 33.8 (29.6 – 38.3) 31.3 (26.1 – 37.0) 36.6 (32.1 – 41.4) 38.6 (33.5 – 44.0) 31.3 (26.2 – 36.9) 46.5 (39.6 – 53.4) Timor–Leste 2006 63.2 (56.4 – 69.6) 66.0 (57.4 – 73.7) 61.1 (53.0 – 68.6) 69.8 (64.3 – 74.8) 74.2 (68.1 – 79.4) 65.7 (58.8 – 72.0) 2009 59.4 (51.3 – 67.0) 66.7 (56.4 – 75.6) 52.1 (43.8 – 60.3) 61.3 (55.2 – 67.1) 66.7 (59.4 – 73.4) 56.0 (48.6 – 63.1) 2013 66.0 (57.7 – 73.4) 69.6 (58.6 – 75.8) 62.1 (52.0 – 71.2) 69.9 (61.8 – 76.9) 72.3 (62.7 – 80.3) 67.3 (58.9 – 74.8) Country Year Current smokers who obtained cigarettes by buying them from a store, shop, or street vendor in the past 30 days Current smokers were NOT refused from buying cigarettes because of their age during the past 30 days Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 38.3 (17.2 – 64.9) 49.1 (26.7 – 71.8) * * * * 2013 84.8 (57.6 – 95.8) 84.9 (57.6 – 95.9) * 86.1 (50.0 – 97.5) 86.1 (50.0 – 97.5) * Bhutan 2004 41.3 (29.3 – 54.4) 49.2 (32.4 – 66.1) * * * * 2006 36.4 (24.8 – 49.8) 40.6 (28.0 – 54.4) * 59.2 (42.2 – 74.2) * * 2009 23.7 (16.4 – 33.0) 28.5 (17.2 – 43.3) 17.2 (9.7 – 28.8) * * * 2013 54.5 (46.5 – 62.4) 58.0 (49.9 – 65.6) 45.3 (29.5 – 62.1) 47.8 (39.4 – 56.3) 47.4 (36.5 – 58.6) 48.7 (32.2 – 65.6) India 2003 64.8 (57.7 – 71.2) – – 55.3 (41.8 – 68.1) – – 2006 51.9 (44.2 – 59.4) 51.7 (43.7 – 59.6) 52.6 (39.6 – 65.2) 72.1 (62.2 – 80.2) 70.4 (59.6 – 79.2) 79.4 (56.1 – 92.1) 2009 47.0 (38.1 – 56.1) 46.1 (34.7 – 58.0) 48.7 (38.4 – 59.0) 56.2 (44.4 – 67.3) 55.2 (41.4 – 68.1) 61.3 (42.4 – 77.2) Indonesia 2014 64.9 (57.3 – 71.9) 65.4 (57.0 – 73.0) 63.5 (50.3 – 74.9) 64.5 (59.0 – 69.7) 64.4 (58.6 – 69.9) * Maldives 2004 57.0 (43.9 – 69.2) 58.8 (42.7 – 73.2) * * * * 2007 34.0 (22.1 – 48.3) 38.4 (26.6 – 51.8) * * * * 2011 34.0 (24.1 – 45.7) 38.9 (25.5 – 54.4) * * * * Myanmar 2007 23.7 (16.1 – 33.4) 22.4 (14.7 – 32.7) * * * * 2011 39.2 (28.0 – 51.3) 40.3 (29.2 – 52.5) * * * * 2016 54.5 (47.3 – 61.5) 54.7 (46.3 – 62.9) * 62.9 (51.4 – 73.0) 64.7 (52.4 – 75.3) * Nepal 2007 38.1 (23.1 – 55.7) 43.1 (26.7 – 61.2) * * * * 2011 27.1 (12.8 – 48.6) * * * * * Sri Lanka 2011 20.3 (10.8 – 34.8) 18.6 (9.4 – 33.5) * – – – 2015 * * * * * * Thailand 2005 38.1 (31.7 – 45.1) 40.3 (34.2 – 46.6) 31.8 (21.5 – 44.4) 28.3 (18.9 – 40.1) 25.2 (16.9 – 35.7) 54.7 (34.9 – 73.1) 2009 47.9 (41.4 – 54.6) 50.2 (43.3 – 57.1) 33.5 (24.1 – 44.4) 38.3 (31.5 – 45.5) 35.4 (28.8 – 42.6) 58.6 (37.8 – 76.8) 2015 67.4 (58.5 – 75.3) 68.0 (56.2 – 78.0) 65.7 (51.3 – 77.7) 44.0 (31.7 – 57.1) 40.8 (26.2 – 57.3) 53.5 (37.3 – 69.0) Timor–Leste 2006 24.1 (17.6 – 32.1) 23.3 (17.4 – 30.5) 23.2 (11.4 – 41.7) 41.2 (23.6 – 57.4) * * 2009 55.0 (43.4 – 66.1) 49.8 (33.7 – 66.1) 64.4 (44.4 – 80.4) 64.0 (45.5 – 79.1) 63.6 (41.1 – 81.4) * 2013 82.7 (75.3 – 88.3) 84.2 (77.1 – 89.4) 77.9 (59.3 – 89.4) 46.7 (38.8 – 54.7) 46.3 (38.3 – 54.4) 49.0 (35.2 – 63.0) Country Year Noticing anti-tobacco messages in the media during past 30 days10 Noticing anti-tobacco messages at sporting or community events11 Students who were taught in school about the dangers of tobacco use in the past 12 months Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 87.6 (83.9 – 90.5) 86.9 (78.1 – 92.6) 88.5 (81.9 – 92.9) 91.2 (89.0 – 93.0) 88.7 (84.1 – 92.0) 92.8 (88.9 – 95.4) 54.2 (45.8 – 62.5) 56.8 (46.1 – 66.9) 52.8 (40.9 – 64.3) 2013 66.2 (59.4 – 72.5) 65.9 (58.1 – 72.9) 66.8 (57.2 – 75.3) 58.0 (48.5 – 67.0) 55.8 (43.9 – 67.1) 62.3 (48.7 – 74.2) 57.7 (50.0 – 65.0) 55.2 (45.7 – 64.3) 62.1 (49.4 – 73.4) Bhutan 2004 74.5 (69.2 – 79.3) 71.9 (62.3 – 79.8) 76.5 (66.1 – 84.5) 71.9 (64.8 – 78.2) 72.3 (62.9 – 80.1) 71.0 (61.2 – 79.1) 56.7 (49.5 – 63.5) 57.9 (50.3 – 65.1) 55.6 (46.6 – 64.2) 2006 82.6 (76.4 – 87.4) 83.7 (77.4 – 88.5) 81.6 (74.2 – 87.2) 79.2 (72.3 – 84.8) 78.0 (70.3 – 84.1) 79.6 (72.3 – 85.3) 59.8 (52.7 – 66.5) 59.9 (51.7 – 67.7) 59.2 (52.5 – 65.5) 2009 86.9 (83.4 – 89.8) 85.2 (80.0 – 89.3) 88.3 (82.2 – 92.5) 83.1 (79.8 – 86.0) 84.4 (75.5 – 90.5) 82.1 (76.5 – 86.6) 61.6 (55.8 – 67.1) 63.8 (56.6 – 70.4) 60.9 (54.9 – 66.7) 2013 74.0 (70.4 – 77.2) 72.7 (67.2 – 77.5) 75.1 (71.7 – 78.2) 59.3 (55.4 – 63.0) 56.8 (49.7 – 63.5) 61.6 (55.9 – 67.0) 60.8 (55.9 – 65.4) 60.8 (53.6 – 67.7) 60.7 (56.4 – 64.9) India 2006 74.0 (71.9 – 76.0) 74.3 (72.0 – 76.5) 73.5 (70.0 – 76.9) 80.2 (77.5 – 82.7) 81.4 (78.6 – 83.9) 78.5 (74.4 – 82.0) 54.4 (51.9 – 57.0) 53.6 (50.5 – 56.6) 55.6 (51.5 – 59.7) 2009 77.5 (74.5 – 80.3) 77.6 (73.7 – 81.1) 77.6 (73.9 – 80.9) 82.0 (79.5 – 84.3) 83.1 (80.6 – 85.2) 80.6 (76.6 – 84.1) 63.3 (60.8 – 65.8) 63.6 (60.2 – 66.9) 63.2 (59.2 – 66.3) Indonesia 2014 70.1 (67.2 – 72.9) 70.6 (66.8 – 74.1) 69.6 (66.9 – 72.2) 47.3 (42.6 – 52.1) 50.5 (45.6 – 55.3) 43.3 (37.6 – 49.2) 69.3 (66.7 – 71.7) 70.5 (67.2 – 73.7) 68.0 (65.0 – 70.8) Maldives 2004 91.6 (88.5 – 93.9) 89.5 (85.5 – 92.5) 95.1 (90.7 – 97.5) 87.1 (83.4 – 90.1) 87.7 (81.9 – 91.9) 86.7 (81.9 – 90.4) 39.8 (33.7 – 46.2) 38.1 (32.2 – 44.4) 43.0 (31.2 – 55.5) 2007 90.0 (88.6 – 91.3) 88.1 (85.8 – 90.1) 91.7 (89.6 – 93.4) 82.0 (79.2 – 84.6) 80.9 (78.0 – 83.5) 83.1 (79.3 – 86.3) 43.8 (39.0 – 48.7) 39.9 (33.5 – 46.8) 47.2 (39.9 – 54.7) 2011 87.6 (85.4 – 89.5) 86.3 (83.5 – 88.7) 88.9 (85.5 – 91.6) – – – 40.9 (36.8 – 45.2) 40.4 (35.4 – 45.6) 41.5 (35.2 – 48.2) Myanmar 2007 93.4 (91.2 – 95.0) 91.9 (88.4 – 94.4) 94.7 (92.7 – 96.2) 88.0 (85.5 – 90.0) 88.2 (85.3 – 90.6) 87.5 (83.8 – 90.5) 65.4 (61.2 – 69.4) 65.0 (59.5 – 70.1) 66.1 (60.0 – 71.7) 2011 91.8 (89.6 – 93.6) 91.6 (89.1 – 93.7) 91.9 (88.8 – 94.2) – – – 65.3 (58.8 – 71.3) 60.7 (52.1 – 68.7) 70.1 (63.6 – 75.8) 2016 80.2 (77.3 – 82.9) 80.8 (77.1 – 83.9) 79.9 (76.0 – 83.2) 59.6 (55.2 – 63.9) 56.3 (51.8 – 60.7) 62.7 (56.7 – 68.3) 64.2 (58.9 – 69.2) 61.4 (55.2 – 67.3) 66.4 (60.9 – 71.5) Nepal 2007 92.0 (88.2 – 94.7) 90.4 (84.4 – 94.3) 93.8 (91.0 – 95.8) 85.7 (82.5 – 88.4) 86.2 (82.2 – 89.3) 85.1 (79.4 – 89.5) 65.8 (62.0 – 69.5) 63.2 (58.9 – 67.4) 68.8 (62.9 – 74.2) 2011 87.1 (82.5 – 90.6) 85.3 (80.0 – 89.4) 88.7 (82.8 – 92.8) – – – 79.3 (74.8 – 83.2) 76.8 (70.9 – 81.9) 82.3 (76.8 – 86.7) Sri Lanka 2003 – – – 84.7 (80.3 – 88.2) 81.7 (74.5 – 87.2) 87.5 (84.4 – 90.1) 79.8 (75.8 – 83.3) 78.5 (72.5 – 83.5) 81.4 (77.4 – 84.8) 2007 84.5 (81.3 – 87.2) 82.7 (78.6 – 86.2) 86.3 (82.3 – 89.4) 88.1 (84.8 – 90.7) 87.0 (81.7 – 90.9) 89.1 (85.8 – 91.7) 72.8 (67.1 – 77.8) 65.8 (58.3 – 72.5) 79.8 (74.8 – 84.0) 2011 – – – – – – 69.6 (66.2 – 72.8) 67.9 (63.7 – 71.9) 71.7 (67.7 – 75.3) 2015 88.0 (84.5 – 90.8) 88.5 (83.8 – 91.9) 87.6 (82.6 – 91.3) 57.9 (50.8 – 64.7) 59.0 (51.0 – 66.6) 56.3 (47.3 – 64.8) 78.9 (71.8 – 84.6) 76.3 (66.5 – 83.9) 81.5 (72.5 – 88.0) Thailand 2005 91.9 (90.7 – 92.9) 90.0 (88.9 – 91.0) 94.5 (93.6 – 95.3) 92.8 (91.6 – 93.9) 91.7 (90.5 – 92.8) 94.9 (94.0 – 95.8) 61.9 (58.6 – 65.2) 63.4 (61.3 – 65.5) 62.6 (56.2 – 68.5) 2009 89.5 (87.9 – 90.9) 86.5 (84.4 – 88.3) 92.3 (90.9 – 93.5) 90.4 (89.3 – 91.5) 89.1 (87.3 – 90.7) 91.6 (90.3 – 92.7) 59.6 (56.9 – 62.2) 55.3 (52.3 – 58.2) 63.7 (60.5 – 66.8) 2015 74.9 (70.6 – 78.7) 69.8 (64.3 – 74.8) 80.1 (76.3 – 83.4) 72.2 (68.1 – 75.9) 74.1 (68.9 – 78.6) 70.5 (65.9 – 74.7) 76.2 (72.1 – 79.9) 72.5 (67.7 – 76.9) 80.1 (75.4 – 84.1) Timor–Leste 2006 69.3 (61.5 – 76.1) 66.4 (56.4 – 75.1) 71.5 (63.1 – 78.6) 85.9 (81.5 – 89.4) 87.8 (82.3 – 91.8) 84.7 (79.6 – 88.6) 33.5 (28.3 – 39.1) 40.4 (32.4 – 49.0) 28.0 (22.9 – 33.7) 2009 82.9 (77.1 – 87.9) 82.9 (74.7 – 88.8) 83.0 (77.2 – 87.7) 69.2 (64.2 – 73.7) 67.8 (60.0 – 74.8) 69.8 (60.9 – 77.5) – – – 2013 74.9 (66.4 – 81.9) 76.8 (67.9 – 83.8) 73.1 (64.7 – 80.2) 53.2 (42.9 – 63.2) 51.0 (36.7 – 65.0) 56.3 (45.1 – 66.9) 35.8 (28.9 – 43.3) 35.8 (27.0 – 45.7) 35.6 (26.6 – 45.7) Country Year Students who definitely thought other people's tobacco smoking is harmful to them Students who favor banning smoking inside enclosed public places12† Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 83.3 (79.4 – 86.6) 86.6 (79.5 – 91.5) 81.6 (76.8 – 85.5) 74.9 (63.6 – 83.7) 81.4 (70.1 – 89.1) 70.3 (58.2 – 80.2) 2013 82.0 (75.6 – 87.0) 82.1 (74.7 – 87.7) 81.8 (69.6 – 89.8) 72.5 (66.7 – 77.7) 72.6 (66.9 – 77.6) 72.3 (59.2 – 82.5) Bhutan 2004 63.4 (57.7 – 68.8) 61.9 (52.5 – 70.6) 64.3 (59.0 – 69.3) 19.8 (12.5 – 29.9) 21.7 (13.9 – 32.2) 17.9 (10.8 – 28.3) 2006 62.1 (55.3 – 68.4) 64.6 (57.4 – 71.1) 60.5 (52.3 – 68.2) 47.0 (37.2 – 57.1) 49.6 (39.7 – 59.7) 45.0 (34.9 – 55.6) 2009 72.8 (67.4 – 77.7) 73.5 (66.7 – 79.4) 72.4 (66.3 – 77.7) 44.1 (35.5 – 53.1) 45.4 (37.4 – 53.7) 42.9 (33.0 – 53.4) 2013 78.9 (75.3 – 82.1) 78.5 (72.4 – 83.6) 79.2 (75.1 – 82.9) 49.1 (43.2 – 55.1) 50.5 (42.8 – 58.1) 48.0 (41.7 – 54.5) India 2006 67.9 (64.8 – 70.8) 66.6 (63.0 – 70.0) 69.6 (66.0 – 73.0) 74.0 (70.6 – 77.1) 73.9 (69.7 – 77.7) 74.1 (69.7 – 78.0) 2009 66.8 (64.1 – 69.4) 63.6 (60.4 – 66.7) 71.6 (67.3 – 75.6) 63.9 (61.1 – 66.6) 64.2 (60.8 – 67.5) 63.4 (59.2 – 67. 5) Indonesia 2014 72.5 (69.8 – 75.0) 67.6 (64.9 – 70.3) 77.6 (74.1 – 80.7) 89.4 (87.1 – 91.4) 87.6 (85.3 – 89.6) 91.3 (88.4 – 93.5) Myanmar 2007 48.4 (44.5 – 52.4) 49.2 (44.2 – 54.2) 47.9 (43.2 – 52.7) 88.9 (85.5 – 91.6) 87.7 (84.2 – 90.5) 90.0 (85.4 – 93.3) 2011 51.1 (45.8 – 56.3) 50.9 (45.6 – 56.2) 51.3 (44.4 – 58.2) 90.6 (86.9 – 93.3) 88.6 (83.7 – 92.2) 92.7 (89.5 – 94.9) 2016 65.0 (59.9 – 69.8) 59.9 (54.6 – 64.9) 69.1 (63.0 – 74.6) 94.6 (93.1 – 95.8) 94.2 (90.0 – 95.8) 94.9 (92.7 – 96.5) Nepal 2007 77.3 (71.0 – 82.5) 74.1 (67.5 – 79.7) 80.9 (74.2 – 86.2) 55.7 (49.0 – 62.2) 58.3 (50.4 – 65.8) 52.8 (45.2 – 60.3) 2011 62.5 (56.8 – 67.8) 64.8 (57.3 – 71.7) 60.8 (54.4 – 66.9) 66.2 (60.1 – 71.1) 66.5 (60.2 – 72.2) 66.2 (57.9 – 73.5) Sri Lanka 2003 71.4 (66.6 – 75.7) 68.7 (61.6 – 75.1) 74.7 (69.3 – 79.4) 93.0 (90.9 – 94.7) 91.8 (89.1 – 93.8) 94.4 (91.6 – 96.3) 2007 77.8 (73.3 – 81.8) 74.4 (67.7 – 80.1) 81.3 (76.1 – 85.5) 87.9 (83.1 – 91.5) 85.8 (80.0 – 90.1) 90.1 (83.1 – 94.1) 2011 87.4 (85.8 – 88.9) 84.9 (82.8 – 86.8) 90.2 (88.2 – 91.8) 88.9 (86.8 – 90.6) 87.7 (85.2 – 89.9) 90.3 (87.6 – 92.5) 2015 86.2 (81.8 – 89.7) 82.8 (75.8 – 88.1) 89.6 (83.9 – 93.5) 96.4 (95.2 – 97.3) 95.7 (93.7 – 97.1) 97.3 (95.6 – 98.4) Thailand 2005 68.6 (64.5 – 72.5) 68.5 (66.3 – 70.7) 70.8 (63.9 – 76.9) 88.1 (83.1 – 91.8) 87.8 (86.3 – 89.2) 89.5 (79.2 – 95.0) 2009 79.1 (77.2 – 80.9) 75.3 (72.2 – 78.2) 82.8 (80.9 – 84.6) 83.4 (81.6 – 85.0) 80.6 (77.7 – 83.2) 86.0 (84.3 – 87.5) 2015 77.6 (74.7 – 80.4) 72.6 (67.6 – 77.0) 83.0 (79.0 – 86.3) – – – Timor–Leste 2006 31.7 (27.6 – 36.1) 31.7 (26.4 – 37.5) 31.8 (27.0 – 37.0) 39.9 (35.9 – 44.0) 45.3 (37.9 – 52.9) 36.2 (30.9 – 41.8) 2009 34.0 (29.0 – 39.3) 34.6 (28.3 – 41.5) 33.5 (27.9 – 39.6) 56.6 (50.3 – 62.8) 56.1 (48.4 – 63.6) 56.6 (49.1 – 63.8) 2013 34.9 (28.8 – 41.6) 29.1 (23.2 – 35.9) 41.1 (33.2 – 49.4) 19.6 (15.7 – 24.2) 21.1 (17.2 – 32.7) 14.9 (12.3 – 18.0) Cessation Message from the Regional Director Tobacco use is estimated to cause more than 1.5 million deaths each year in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Most of these deaths are from noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer or chronic respiratory disease. Tobacco control is thus an integral component of overall NCD control, and for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal target of reducing premature mortality from NCDs by one-third by 2030. As part of this, each of the Region’s Member States has committed to a relative reduction of 30% in the prevalence of current tobacco use by 2025 compared to 2010 baseline levels. Therefore, along with other partners in health development, WHO is committed to help Member States in monitoring and tracking progress towards tobacco control. Notably, most current adult tobacco users initiate tobacco use during adolescence. This makes the monitoring and prevention of tobacco use among adolescents of great importance. Since the late 1990s, WHO, along with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), has supported the implementation of nationally representative Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) every 3-5 years among school-going adolescents (13-15 years of age). GYTS are a component of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, and a global standard for systematically monitoring smoking and smokeless tobacco use among youth, as well as tracking key tobacco control indicators. Since 2012 the data from these surveys have been regularly published in brochure format for wider dissemination to help inform national policies and programmes. As such, I am pleased to launch this 3rd edition of the brochure. While the first edition –published in 2012 – provided the baseline, this updated edition includes data from additional Global Youth Tobacco Surveys implemented since the publication of the 2nd edition in 2014. The brochure provides a quick comparative snapshot of key youth tobacco use indicators and helps to assess the progress made in the last 10-15 years. To this end, all efforts have been made to collect, compile, analyze and present the most updated and comparable data for each specified indicator obtained through GYTS. It is hoped that this brochure will facilitate the wider dissemination of data from these surveys among all stakeholders, and will help foster discussion, strengthen alliance-building and renew political commitment at the country level for more effective tobacco control among youth. Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh Regional Director WHO South-East Asia Region The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a component of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS), is a global standard for systematically monitoring youth tobacco use (smoking and smokeless) and tracking key tobacco control indicators. GYTS enhances the capacity of countries to monitor tobacco use among youth; guides national tobacco prevention and control programs; and facilitate comparison of tobacco-related data at the national, regional, and global levels. It also enables countries to fulfill their obligations under the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and WHO MPOWER—a package of selected policy measures. GYTS is a nationally representative school-based survey of students 13 to 15 years of age and is designed to produce cross-sectional estimates for each country. GYTS uses a global standardized methodology including a standardized core questionnaire, sample design, and data collection protocol, producing comparable estimates across countries. A two-stage sample design is used with selection of schools in the first stage with a probability proportional to enrollment size. The classes within selected schools are chosen randomly in the second stage and all students in selected classes are eligible to participate in the survey. The questionnaire includes following topics: tobacco use (smoking and smokeless); cessation; exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS); exposure to pro- and anti-tobacco media; exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion; access and availability to obtain tobacco products; and knowledge and attitudes regarding tobacco. The questionnaire is self- administered anonymously using OCR scannable paper-based bubble sheets. This brochure summarizes data and trends in the selected indicators of youth tobacco control during 2003–2016 in selected Member States of WHO’s South-East Asia Region. The target audience is multi-stake holders of youth tobacco control such as NGOs, government departments, academicians, and researchers. Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) – an introduction Following the publication of the 2nd edition of the brochure on “WHO FCTC indicators related to youth tobacco control” in 2014, this third updated edition includes additional data from Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) conducted between 2014 and mid-2018 in the member states of WHO South-East Asia Region. The brochure provides a comparative snapshot of levels and trends of key indicators related to tobacco control among school going youth in the age group 13 to 15 years of age. The policy makers, programme managers, researchers, and tobacco control advocates will find the rich data presented in brochure useful to promote evidence-informed policies and programs for more effective tobacco control. In addition, these data can help the Member States plan further epidemiological studies as per their need. Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 2003–2016 Monitoring tobacco control among youth in countries of the South-East Asia Region: 2018 For technical information, please contact: Dr Manju Rani, Regional Adviser, Noncommunicable Diseases & Tobacco Surveillance, E-mail: ranim@who.int Mr Naveen Agarwal, Surveillance Management Associate, Noncommunicable Diseases & Tobacco Surveillance, Email: agarwaln@who.int Tobacco use Country Year Current tobacco users1 Current tobacco smokers2 Current smokeless tobacco users3 Current cigarette smokers4 Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 6.9 (4.7 – 10.1) 9.1 (6.7 – 12.1) 5.1 (2.5 – 10.3) – – – 4.9 (2.9 – 8.0) 5.8 (3.5 – 9.3) 4.2 (1.9 – 9.1) 2.0 (1.1 – 3.6) 2.9 (1.7 – 5.0) 1.1 (0.3 – 3.2) 2013 6.9 (4.8 – 9.8) 9.2 (6.1 – 13.5) 2.8 (1.8 – 4.3) 2.9 (1.5 – 5.4) 4.0 (2.0 – 7.7) 1.1 (0.5 – 2.1) 4.5 (2.9 – 7.0) 5.9 (3.5 – 9.7) 2.0 (1.2 – 3.5) 2.1 (0.9 – 4.9) 3.4 (1.5 – 7.1) 0.0 (0.0 – 0.0) Bhutan 2004 17.3 (13.2 – 22.3) 21.7 (15.5 – 29.4) 11.9 (8.1 – 17.3) – – – 7.4 (5.2 – 10.6) 10.0 (6.0 – 16.2) 4.5 (2.8 – 7.4) 10.1 (7.7 – 13.1) 14.6 (10.3 – 20.2) 4.9 (3.2 – 7.4) 2006 20.2 (17.3 – 23.4) 28.6 (23.2 – 34.7) 12.4 (9.6 – 15.8) – – – 10.0 (8.0 – 12.5) 14.5 (10.0 – 20.5) 6.0 (4.3 – 8.3) 12.1 (9.6 – 15.2) 18.3 (13.8 – 23.8) 6.3 (4.1 – 9.6) 2009 18.8 (15.8 – 22.2) 27.6 (22.9 – 32.8) 11.6 (8.9 – 15.0) 13.9 (11.4 – 16.9) 19.7 (15.7 – 24.6) 9.0 (6.9 – 11.8) 9.4 (7.3 – 12.1) 14.1 (10.7 – 18.3) 5.3 (3.4 – 8.2) 12.4 (10.0 – 15.3) 18.3 (13.9 – 23.7) 7.9 (6.0 – 10.4) 2013 30.3 (26.2 – 34.7) 39.0 (33.7 – 44.5) 23.2 (19.0 – 28.0) 16.5 (13.9 – 19.5) 26.3 (21.6 – 31.6) 8.6 (7.0 – 10.6) 21.6 (18.5 – 25.2) 25.0 (21.7 – 28.6) 18.9 (14.6 – 24.1) 14.0 (11.8 – 16.4) 23.1 (19.0 – 27.6) 6.6 (4.8 – 9.0) India 2003 16.9 (15.5 – 18.4) 21.6 (19.6 – 23.7) 9.7 (8.0 – 11.6) 8.1 (7.0 – 9.3) 10.5 (9.1 – 12.2) 4.2 (3.4 – 5.3) 14.0 (12.6 – 15.4) 18.0 (16.0 – 20.1) 7.9 (6.3 – 9.8) 4.2 (3.2 – 5.5) 5.7 (4.4 – 7.5) 1.8 (1.2 – 2.8) 2006 13.7 (11.6 – 16.3) 16.8 (14.2 – 19.9) 9.4 (7.1 – 12.5) 7.0 (5.8 – 8.4) 9.4 (7.6 – 11.6) 3.6 (2.8 – 4.6) 9.4 (7.5 – 11.6) 10.7 (8.6 – 13.2) 7.5 (5.5 – 10.3) 3.8 (3.1 – 4.7) 5.4 (4.3 – 6.7) 1.6 (1.0 – 2.6) 2009 14.6 (13.0 – 16.3) 19.0 (16.8 – 21.4) 8.3 (7.0 – 9.9) 8.1 (7.1 – 9.3) 11.2 (9.7 – 12.9) 3.7 (3.0 – 4.6) 9.0 (7.7 – 10.4) 11.1 (9.3 – 13.1) 6.0 (5.0 – 7.1) 4.4 (3.6 – 5.3) 5.8 (4.6 – 7.3) 2.4 (1.8 – 3.1) Indonesia 2014 20.3 (15.8 – 25.7) 36.2 (28.3 – 44.9) 4.3 (3.0 – 6.1) 19.4 (15.0 – 24.8) 35.3 (27.4 – 44.0) 3.4 (2.2 – 5.3) 2.1 (1.5 – 2.9) 3.0 (2.2 – 4.2) 1.1 (0.7 – 1.8) 18.3 (13.9 – 23.6) 33.9 (26.1 – 42.7) 2.5 (1.4 – 4.3) Maldives 2004 12.1 (8.9 – 16.2) 15.5 (11.1 – 21.2) 6.5 (3.5 – 11.7) – – – – – – 6.9 (4.8 – 9.8) 9.0 (6.4 – 12.6) 3.1 (1.1 – 8.5) 2007 5.9 (4.4 – 7.9) 8.5 (6.0 – 11.8) 3.4 (2.1 – 5.3) – – – – – – 3.8 (2.7 – 5.3) 6.6 (4.6 – 9.6) 0.9 (0.4 – 2.0) 2011 11.2 (8.8 – 14.2) 15.2 (11.6 – 19.6) 6.7 (4.9 – 9.2) 7.9 (6.1 – 10.3) 10.4 (7.9 – 13.5) 5.0 (3.3 – 7.6) 6.2 (4.8 – 7.9) 9.2 (6.7 – 12.6) 2.9 (2.1 – 4.1) 4.3 (3.0 – 6.3) 6.2 (3.6 – 10.4) 2.4 (1.6 – 3.5) Myanmar 2007 15.3 (12.4 – 18.7) 22.5 (18.1 – 27.4) 8.2 (5.9 – 11.3) 11.6 (9.1 – 14.6) 16.8 (13.1 – 21.2) 6.5 (4.5 – 9.3) 6.5 (5.1 – 8.3) 10.3 (7.7 – 13.5) 2.7 (1.9 – 3.9) 4.9 (3.6 – 6.5) 8.5 (6.2 – 11.6) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.6) 2011 18.6 (15.2 – 22.7) 30.0 (24.1 – 36.7) 6.8 (4.8 – 9.6) 13.8 (11.0 – 17.1) 23.5 (18.2 – 29.7) 3.6 (2.5 – 5.4) 9.8 (7.5 – 12.6) 15.2 (11.3 – 20.2) 4.0 (2.8 – 5.6) 6.8 (4.8 – 9.5) 13.0 (8.8 – 18.8) 0.5 (0.2 – 1.5) 2016 13.6 (11.2 – 16.3) 26.3 (21.2 – 32.1) 3.7 (2.5 – 5.3) 10.6 (8.5 – 13.1) 21.1 (16.3 – 26.9) 2.4 (1.6 – 3.6) 5.7 (4.5 – 7.2) 11.0 (8.7 – 13.7) 1.5 (0.9 – 2.5) 8.3 (6.4 – 10.5) 17.0 (12.9 – 22.1) 1.5 (0.8 – 2.6) Nepal 2007 9.4 (7.2 – 12.2) 13.0 (9.8 – 16.9) 5.3 (3.0 – 9.1) 6.3 (4.8 – 8.1) 8.8 (6.6 – 11.5) 3.4 (2.0 – 5.7) 6.1 (4.5 – 8.2) 8.8 (6.3 – 12.1) 2.9 (1.3 – 6.2) 3.9 (2.7 – 5.6) 5.7 (3.9 – 8.3) 1.9 (1.0 – 3.5) 2011 20.4 (16.8 – 24.6) 24.6 (19.6 – 30.3) 16.4 (13.2 – 20.1) 9.0 (6.8 – 11.7) 11.4 (8.2 – 15.6) 6.5 (4.9 – 8.7) 16.2 (13.2 – 19.6) 19.7 (15.7 – 24.5) 12.9 (10.2 – 16.1) 3.1 (2.0 – 4.7) 5.5 (3.3 – 9.2) 0.8 (0.3 – 1.8) Sri Lanka 2003 8.0 (6.2 – 10.3) 9.5 (6.8 – 13.2) 6.1 (4.6 – 8.0) – – – – – – 2.4 (1.5 – 3.7) 3.0 (1.8 – 4.9) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.9) 2007 9.1 (6.8 – 12.2) 12.4 (8.7 – 17.5) 5.8 (3.6 – 9.4) 4.4 (3.0 – 6.4) 5.4 (3.4 – 8.5) 3.4 (2.0 – 5.9) 6.8 (4.9 – 9.4) 9.6 (6.6 – 13.8) 3.9 (2.2 – 6.9) 1.2 (0.5 – 2.9) 1.6 (0.7 – 3.7) 0.9 (0.2 – 3.5) 2011 10.5 (8.9 – 12.4) 15.7 (13.1 – 18.7) 5.4 (4.4 – 6.7) 3.9 (2.9 – 5.1) 5.5 (4.1 – 7.5) 2.2 (1.5 – 3.1) 8.5 (7.1 – 10.1) 13.0 (10.7 – 15.7) 4.1 (3.2 – 5.1) 1.5 (1.0 – 2.5) 2.8 (1.7 – 4.6) 0.3 (0.1 – 0.7) 2015 3.7 (2.1 – 6.4) 6.7 (3.6 – 12.0) 0.7 (0.3 – 1.4) 1.7 (0.9 – 3.2) 3.2 (1.6 – 6.2) 0.2 (0.0 – 1.4) 2.4 (1.2 – 4.7) 4.2 (2.0 – 8.9) 0.5 (0.3 – 1.0) 1.5 (0.8 – 2.7) 2.9 (1.5 – 5.5) 0 Thailand 2005 15.7 (13.8 – 17.7) 21.7 (19.4 – 24.2) 8.4 (6.9 – 10.2) – – – – – – 11.7 (10.0 – 13.7) 17.4 (15.2 – 20.0) 4.8 (3.6 – 6.4) 2009 17.9 (15.0 – 21.2) 26.9 (23.1 – 31.1) 9.2 (6.8 – 12.2) – – – 5.7 (3.4 – 9.3) 7.3 (4.5 – 11.5) 4.1 (2.2 – 7.4) 11.7 (10.2 – 13.4) 20.1 (17.4 – 23.1) 3.8 (3.0 – 4.8) 2015 15.0 (11.2 – 19.8) 21.8 (16.8 – 27.8) 8.1 (5.1 – 12.5) 14.0 (10.4 – 18.6) 20.7 (16.0 – 26.3) 7.1 (4.4 – 11.2) 2.7 (2.0 – 3.6) 4.1 (2.8 – 5.9) 1.3 (0.6 – 2.6) 11.3 (8.2 – 15.3) 17.2 (12.9 – 22.5) 5.2 (3.1 – 8.6) Timor–Leste 2006 41.0 (33.8 – 48.6) 54.5 (46.4 – 62.3) 29.8 (21.3 – 40.1) – – – – – – 32.4 (25.5 – 40.2) 50.6 (41.6 – 59.6) 17.3 (10.7 – 26.8) 2009 31.1 (25.1 – 37.9) 39.7 (30.8 – 49.2) 23.8 (16.9 – 32.3) – – – – – – 24.6 (18.2 – 32.4) 38.2 (27.3 – 50.4) 14.6 (9.0 – 22.7) 2013 42.4 (35.2 – 49.9) 65.5 (53.6 – 75.8) 23.9 (19.5 – 29.0) 35.0 (28.9 – 41.6) 61.4 (48.1 – 73.2) 15.4 (12.0 – 19.5) 8.4 (6.6 – 10.7) 7.7 (5.0 – 11.5) 9.3 (6.8 – 12.5) 28.9 (22.1 – 36.9) 53.5 (38.5 – 69.0) 11.0 (7.6 – 15.7) Country Year Current smokers who tried to stop smoking in the past 12 months Current smokers who want to stop smoking now Current smokers who thought they would be able to stop smoking if they wanted to Current smokers who have ever received help/advice from a programme or professional to stop smoking Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Total % (CI) Boys % (CI) Girls % (CI) Bangladesh 2007 85.0 (57.2 – 96.0) 92.6 (73.4 – 98.2) * 70.7 (45.4 – 87.5) 89.5 (63.3 – 97.7) * 88.1 (64.9 – 96.8) * * 90.1 (71.6 – 97.0) 84.0 (58.7 – 95.1) * 2013 35.4 (10.5 – 71.9) 35.4 (10.5 – 71.9) * 59.9 (20.3 – 89.7) 59.9 (20.3 – 89.7) * 86.1 (63.0 – 95.8) 85.9 (62.6 – 95.7) * 8.9 (2.3 – 28.8) 6.4 (1.4 – 25.1) * Bhutan 2004 81.8 (69.9 – 89.7) * * 87.0 (69.7 – 95.1) * * 84.4 (71.0 – 92.3) * * – – – 2006 85.4 (72.4 – 92.9) 82.7 (70.2 – 90.7) * 91.7 (81.0 – 96.7) 89.1 (76.6 – 95.3) * 88.1 (77.5 – 94.0) 91.2 (73.4 – 97.5) * – – – 2009 84.1 (71.6 – 91.8) 83.2 (65.2 – 92.9) 84.2 (65.1 – 93.8) 79.1 (63.6 – 89.2) 79.5 (62.7 – 90.0) * 77.1 (63.7 – 86.6) 76.4 (59.2 – 87.8) * – – – 2013 83.1 (72.3 – 90.2) 82.1 (71.4 – 89.3) * 81.8 (65.3 – 91.5) 87.4 (74.7 – 94.2) * 83.8 (74.4 – 90.2) 87.3 (76.8 – 93.5) * 25.3 (22.0 – 28.9) 23.9 (19.0 – 29.7) 29.1 (19.0 – 41.8) India 2003 71.8 (59.6 – 81.5) – – 69.4 (62.4 – 75.7) – – – – – 84.6 (78.1 – 89.4) – – 2006 55.5 (44.0 – 66.4) 57.0 (44.0 – 69.1) 48.3 (29.5 – 67.6) 70.3 (61.6 – 77.8) 70.0 (60.6 – 77.9) 72.2 (49.7 – 87.3) – – – 81.8 (74.9 – 87.1) 82.9 (75.8 – 88.3) 76.2 (59.3 – 87.6) 2009 67.2 (54.0 – 78.1) 69.1 (54.6 – 80.6) 60.2 (45.6 – 73.2) 66.1 (57.0 – 74.1) 64.0 (52.2 – 74.4) 71.6 (56.5 – 83.1) – – – 94.3 (88.1 – 97.4) 93.9 (85.6 – 97.6) 95.5 (85.5 – 98.7) Indonesia 2014 81.8 (76.6 – 86.0) 81.5 (75.9 – 86.1) 84.4 (68.9 – 93.0) 88.2 (84.1 – 91.4) 87.8 (83.6 – 91.0) 94.0 (76.5 – 98.7) 91.8 (87.1 – 94.9) 91.8 (86.8 – 95.1) 90.5 (78.3 – 96.2) 24.0 (19.1 – 29.6) 23.0 (18.2 – 28.6) 39.7 (26.1 – 55.1) Maldives 2007 54.4 (32.4 – 74.8) 54.1 (32.5 – 74.3) * 65.0 (46.9 – 79.6) 69.1 (46.1 – 85.4) * – – – – – – 2011 – – – – – – * * * 79.0 (64.6 – 88.6) 86.3 (70.5 – 91.2) * Myanmar 2007 88.1 (78.8 – 93.6) 86.3 (75.7 – 92.7) * 83.0 (66.8 – 92.2) * – – – – 82.2 (69.5 – 90.3) 80.3 (65.8 – 89.6) * 2011 89.1 (76.2 – 95.5) 88.6 (75.7 – 95.1) * 90.1 (77.2 – 96.1) 89.6 (76.0 – 95.9) * – – – 76.4 (64.7 – 85.2) 77.2 (65.9 – 85.6) * 2016 74.5 (62.2 – 83.8) 73.3 (61.0 – 82.8) * 69.4 (59.4 – 77.8) 67.7 (57.5 – 76.5) * 80.2 (68.3 – 88.4) 79.1 (66.4 – 87.9) * 45.8 (38.1 – 53.8) 46.4 (37.7 – 55.3) * Nepal 2007 93.8 (80.8 – 98.2) * * 92.0 (77.5 – 97.4) * * – – – 90.2 (79.4 – 95.7) 92.9 (80.4 – 97.7) * Sri Lanka 2011 * * * * * * – – – 83.8 (72.5 – 91.0) 86.4 (74.5 – 93.2) * 2015 * * * * * * * * * * * * Thailand 2005 83.3 (78.8 – 86.9) 84.3 (79.9 – 87.9) 82.6 (73.6 – 89.0) 72.3 (63.2 – 79.9) 75.5 (69.4 – 80.7) 70.9 (53.2 – 84.0) – – – 89.2 (85.3 – 92.2) 90.0 (88.0 – 91.0) 94.5 (93.6 – 95.3) 2009 87.2 (81.4 – 91.4) 88.8 (82.5 – 93.0) 76.0 (65.7 – 83.9) 75.5 (69.2 – 80.8) 76.9 (70.3 – 82.4) 63.6 (48.3 – 76.5) – – – 86.9 (83.2 – 89.9) 87.1 (82.6 – 90.5) 85.0 (77.5 – 90.3) 2015 79.4 (70.0 – 86.3) 80.4 (65.9 – 89.7) * 72.2 (59.8 – 81.9) 74.4 (57.8 – 86.1) * 81.1 (65.6 – 90.6) 80.9 (63.3 – 91.2) 81.5 (52.3 – 94.6) 29.3 (22.5 – 37.2) 28.8 (22.0 – 36.8) 30.5 (19.3 – 44.5) Timor–Leste 2006 73.6 (58.8 – 84.5) 72.1 (55.4 – 84.4) * 73.7 (63.9 – 81.5) 73.0 (62.0 – 81.8) * 71.4 (57.1 – 82.4) 68.4 (52.0 – 81.2) 81.0 (64.4 – 91.0) – – – 2009 79.1 (72.4 – 84.6) 84.6 (70.9 – 92.5) * * * * 81.1 (67.0 – 90.0) 83.5 (65.5 – 93.1) * – – – 2013 61.1 (51.2 – 70.1) 62.6 (51.8 – 72.2) 55.4 (38.0 – 71.5) 67.8 (59.4 – 75.1) 70.0 (61.6 – 77.2) 57.2 (37.2 – 75.1) 72.2 (62.5 – 80.3) 72.8 (61.5 – 81.8) 69.4 (53.7 – 81.6) 31.5 (23.1 – 41.3) 31.0 (22.2 – 41.4) 34.2 (20.8 – 50.8)

Key facts

Organisation World Health Organization (WHO)

Document type Publications

Adoption date July 1, 2018

Source World Health Organization