World Health Organization Organisation mondiale de la Santé 3EA?9=3G+9[=Y5 7?;3G+G EH@ B,D&"b F,FF4b AJ>8HZ 17.1, 17.2 4 17.3 B@&,FH84 *>b +%101/32 27 b>&"Db 1998 (.
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A@FH@b>>Z6 8@<4H,H1 BD@&,: 2"F,*">4, 20 b>&"Db 1998 (. B@* BD,*F,*"H,:\FH&@< *-D" E. M.-R. Ferdinand 4 D"FF<@HD,: 2"b&:,>4, >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>ZN @D(">42"P46 (=A?) @$ JFH">@&:,>44 @L4P4":\>ZN @H>@T,>46 F %?1, BD,*FH"&:,>>@, & F@@H&,HFH&44 F BJ>8H@< 17.1 B@&,FH84 *>b 3FB@:8@<", 4 & F@@H&,HFH&44 F BJ>8H@< 17.2 F*,:": @$2@D F@HDJ*>4R,FH&" F 65 =A?. A@FH@b>>Z6 8@<4H,H H"80, D"FF<@HD,:, & F@@H&,HFH&44 F BJ>8H@< 17.3, @$2@D @$V,6 B@:4H484 F@HDJ*>4R,FH&" F >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z<4 @D(">42"P4b<4. 3FB@:8@<J BD,*:"(",HFb BD4>bH\ D,T,>4b & @H>@T,>44 D,8@<,>*"P46, 42:@0,>>ZN >40, & D"2*,:, IV.
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1. AD4 42JR,>44 T,FH4 2"b&:,>46 (>"BD"&:,>>ZN R:,>"< 3FB@:8@<" & P4D8J:bD>@< B4F\<, L/97.12 @H 6 >@b$Db 1997 (.) 7@<4H,H DJ8@&@*FH&@&":Fb AD4>P4B"<4, D,(J:4DJ`V4<4 JFH">@&:,>4, @L4P4":\>ZN @H>@T,>46 <,0*J %?1 4 >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z<4 @D(">42"P4b<42. % N@*, D"FF<@HD,>4b 4>L@D<"P44, 42:@0,>>@6 & 2"b&:,>4bN, B@:JR,>>ZN @H E@&,H" B@ >"JR>Z< 4FF:,*@&">4b< & @$:"FH4 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b & P,:bN D"2&4H4b (COHRED) (EB101/NGO/1), 3H":\b>F8@6 "FF@P4"P44 *DJ2,6 C"J:b K@::,D@ (AIFO) (EB101/NGO/2), K,*,D"P44 B@ <,0*J>"D@*>@<J F@HDJ*>4R,FH&J P,>HD@& B@ 42JR,>4` F:J0$ 4 F4FH,< 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b (FICOSSER) (EB101/NGO/3), %F,<4D>@6 L,*,D"P4,6 @$V,FH& 4(:@D,L:,8F@H,D"B44 (WFAS) (EB101/NGO/4), ;,0*J>"D@*>@(@ @$V,FH&" FB,P4":4FH@& B@ HD@<$@2J 4 (,<@FH"2J (ISTH) (EB101/NGO/5) 4 3F:"<F8@6 @D(">42"P44 B@ <,*4P4>F84< >"J8"< (IOMS) (EB101/NGO/6), A@FH@b>>Z6 8@<4H,H BD@F4: BD,*FH"&4H\ D"2XbF>,>4b B@ Db*J &@BD@F@&.
Q:,>Z A@FH@b>>@(@ 8@<4H,H" B@ >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z< @D(">42"P4b<: *-D N. Blewett, *-D P. Dossou-Togbe, *-D G.M. van Etten, *-D E.M.-R. Ferdinand and (-> C. Solomis, 8@H@D@(@ BD,*FH"&:b:" ,(@ 2"<,FH4H,:\ *-D C. Komodikis. 1 2
?F>@&>Z, *@8J<,>HZ %?1, F@D@8 B,D&@, 42*., 1996 (., FF. 74-79 (B@ ">(:. 42*.).
EB101/32
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2
EB101/32
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3
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4
EB101/32
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5
EB101/32
IR4HZ&"b &ZT,42:@0,>>@,, 7@<4H,H BD4>b: D,T,>4, D,8@<,>*@&"H\ 3FB@:8@<J F@ND">4H\ @L4P4":\>Z, @H>@T,>4b F@ %F,<4D>@6 L,*,D"P4,6 &,H,D">@& ,V, >" @*4> (@*, F H,< RH@$Z F@FH"&4H\ B:"> D"$@HZ. III. C?GCI)=3Q+EG%? E =+AC!%3G+9[EG%+==Y;3 ?C'!=31!O3a;3. ?#1?C ?#U+5 A?93G373 E?GCI)=3Q+EG%! E =A?: )?79!) '+=+C!9[=?'? )3C+7G?C! (*@8J<,>H EB101/33) 16. A@FH@b>>Z6 8@<4H,H @H<,H4:, RH@ *">>Z6 *@8:"*, BD,*FH"&:,>>Z6 & F@@H&,HFH&44 F D,T,>4,< EB99(18), F@*,D04H *@B@:>4H,:\>J` 4>L@D<"P4` @ BD,4<JV,FH&"N 4 >,*@FH"H8"N B,D,F<@HD" >Z>,T>,6 B@:4H484, F H,< RH@$Z BD,*@FH"&4H\ &@2<@0>@FH\ JFH">@&:,>4b @L4P4":\>ZN @H>@T,>46 %?1 F =A? 42 4>ZN F,8H@D@&, B@<4<@ F,8H@D" 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b 4 F&b2">>ZN F@ 2*D"&@@ND">,>4,< @$:"FH,6, " H"80, F >"P4@>":\>Z<4, D,(4@>":\>Z<4 4 FJ$D,(4@>":\>Z<4 =A?. G@(*" B@F:,*>bb <,D" BD4$:424H B@:4H48J %?1 8 B@:4H48, ]8@>@<4R,F8@(@ 4 C@P4":\>@(@ C@&,H" ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46, 42:@0,>>@6 & ,(@ D,2@:`P44 1996/31 "7@>FJ:\H"H4&>Z, @H>@T,>4b <,0*J ?D(">42"P4,6 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 4 >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z<4 @D(">42"P4b<4". E@HDJ*>4R,FH&@ F >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z<4 @D(">42"P4b<4, *,6FH&J`V4<4 2" BD,*,:"<4 @$:"FH4 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b 4 F&b2">>ZN F@ 2*D"&@@ND">,>4,< @$:"FH,6 17. 7@<4H,H H"80, BD4>b: &@ &>4<">4, H@R8J 2D,>4b, &ZD"0,>>J` >,8@H@DZ<4 =A? *@ BD@&,*,>4b >"FH@bV,(@ 2"F,*">4b, @H>@F4H,:\>@ H@(@, RH@ & *@8:"*, B@:>@FH\` >, @HD"0,>@ H@ &>4<">4,, 8@H@D@, J*,:b,HFb F@HDJ*>4R,FH&J F *DJ(4<4 F,8H@D"<4 & >@&@6 (:@$":\>@6 B@:4H48, & @$:"FH4 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b >" *&"*P"H\ B,D&@, FH@:,H4,, " H"80, 4N 0,:">4, *@$4H\Fb BD4>bH4b $@:,, T4D@8@6 B@:4H484 F@HDJ*>4R,FH&" F =A?, & R"FH>@FH4 F D,(4@>":\>Z<4 4 >"P4@>":\>Z<4 =A?. AD,*FH"&4H,:4 >,F8@:\84N D,(4@>":\>ZN $`D@ %?1 H"80, BD,*@FH"&4:4 7@<4H,HJ @$>@&:,>>J` 4>L@D<"P4` @ F@@H&,HFH&J`V,< D"2&4H44 F@$ZH46 & F&@4N D,(4@>"N. 18. % N@*, F&@4N *4F8JFF46 7@<4H,H JR4HZ&": H@H L"8H, RH@, N@Hb &@BD@FZ F@HDJ*>4R,FH&" F F,8H@D"<4, *,6FH&J`V4<4 2" BD,*,:"<4 @$:"FH4 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b, L4(JD4DJ`H & BD,*:"(",<@6 (:@$":\>@6 B@:4H48, >" *&"*P"H\ B,D&@, FH@:,H4,, ,V, BD,*FH@4H D"2D"$@H"H\ BJH4 &8:`R,>4b H"8@(@ F@HDJ*>4R,FH&" & *,bH,:\>@FH\ %?1. ?> &ZF8"2": <>,>4, @ H@<, RH@ & D"<8"N 8@>H,8FH" *":\>,6T4N 8@>FJ:\H"P46, BD,*:@0,>>ZN & *@8:"*,, >,@$N@*4<@ $J*,H *@:0>Z< @$D"2@< 42JR4H\ &@BD@F @ P,:,F@@$D"2>@FH4 D"2&4H4b @$:"FH4 &2"4<@@H>@T,>46 F D"2:4R>Z<4 8"H,(@D4b<4 B"DH>,D@&, " >, H@:\8@ F ^H@6 ,*4>FH&,>>@6 8"H,(@D4,6, 8"8 BD,*:"(",HFb & >"FH@bV,, &D,<b. #Z:@ @H<,R,>@, RH@ B@2*>,,, &@2<@0>@, B@HD,$J,HFb &>,FH4 B@BD"&8J & AD4>P4BZ, D,(J:4DJ`V4, JFH">@&:,>4, @H>@T,>46 <,0*J %F,<4D>@6 @D(">42"P4,6 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b 4 >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z<4 @D(">42"P4b<4. A,D,F<@HD,>>"b D,2@:`P4b ]8@>@<4R,F8@(@ 4 E@P4":\>@(@ E@&,H" ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 @ <,D@BD4bH4bN B@ 8@>FJ:\H"P4b< F >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z<4 @D(">42"P4b<4 19. 7@<4H,H BD4>b: 8 F&,*,>4` 4>L@D<"P4`, F@*,D0"VJ`Fb & *@8:"*,, 8"F"`VJ`Fb B,D,F<@HD,>>@6 D,2@:`P44 1996/31 ]8@>@<4R,F8@(@ 4 E@P4":\>@(@ E@&,H" ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46. )4F8JFF4b $Z:" F@FD,*@H@R,>" >" @$FJ0*,>44 @F@$,>>@FH,6 D,(4@>":\>@6 FHDJ8HJDZ %?1.
6
EB101/32
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7
EB101/32
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8
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