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the Rwanda Treaty has been laid before Parliament under section 20 of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 (treaties to be laid before Parliament before ratification) with a view to ratification by the United Kingdom, and

this Act gives effect to the judgement of Parliament that the Republic of Rwanda is a safe country.

that any person removed to the Republic of Rwanda under the provisions of the Treaty (a “relocated individual”) will not be removed from Rwanda except to the United Kingdom;

that any relocated individual is to be made available for return to the United Kingdom following a request from the Government of the United Kingdom;

that the system for the processing of protection claims by relocated individuals is to be improved;

that relocated individuals are to be treated equally, irrespective of the status that they are granted in the Republic of Rwanda;

that relocated individuals are to be provided with legal assistance for the purposes of their protection claims and any appeals relating to such claims;

that the obligations mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (e) are to be independently monitored and subject to a form of binding dispute settlement.

the Parliament of the United Kingdom is sovereign, and

the validity of an Act is unaffected by international law.

means a country to which persons may be removed from the United Kingdom in compliance with all of the United Kingdom’s obligations under international law that are relevant to the treatment in that country of persons who are removed there, and

includes, in particular, a country—

the Human Rights Convention,

the Refugee Convention,

the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966,

the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment of 1984,

the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings done at Warsaw on 16 May 2005,

customary international law, and

any other international law, or convention or rule of international law, whatsoever, including any order, judgment, decision or measure of the European Court of Human Rights.

the Secretary of State or an immigration officer when making a decision relating to the removal of a person to the Republic of Rwanda under any provision of, or made under, the Immigration Acts;

a court or tribunal when considering a decision of the Secretary of State or an immigration officer mentioned in paragraph (a).

any claim or complaint that the Republic of Rwanda will or may remove or send a person to another State in contravention of any of its international obligations, including in particular its obligations under the Refugee Convention,

any claim or complaint that a person will not receive fair and proper consideration of an asylum, or other similar, claim in the Republic of Rwanda, or

any claim or complaint that the Republic of Rwanda will not act in accordance with the Rwanda Treaty.

any provision made by or under the Immigration Acts,

the Human Rights Act 1998, to the extent disapplied by section 3 (disapplication of the Human Rights Act 1998),

any other provision or rule of domestic law (including any common law), and

any interpretation of international law by the court or tribunal.

section 2 (interpretation of Convention rights),

section 3 (interpretation of legislation), and

sections 6 to 9 (acts of public authorities).

a decision taken on the basis of section 2(1) of this Act (decision-makers to treat Rwanda as safe),

a decision as to whether to grant an interim remedy on the basis of section 4(4) of this Act (interim remedies: serious and irreversible harm), or

a decision taken on the basis of section 4(1) of this Act (decisions based on particular individual circumstances)—

the Secretary of State or an immigration officer from deciding (under any applicable provision of, or made under, the Immigration Acts) whether the Republic of Rwanda is a safe country for the person in question, based on compelling evidence relating specifically to the person’s particular individual circumstances (rather than on the grounds that the Republic of Rwanda is not a safe country in general), or

a court or tribunal considering a review of, or an appeal against, a relevant decision to the extent that the review or appeal is brought on the grounds that the Republic of Rwanda is not a safe country for the person in question, based on compelling evidence relating specifically to the person’s particular individual circumstances (rather than on the grounds that the Republic of Rwanda is not a safe country in general).

a reference to “the Immigration Acts” does not include the Illegal Migration Act 2023 (see instead section 55 of that Act);

a reference to a Minister of the Crown is to a Minister of the Crown acting in person.

prepare and publish an annual report about the operation of this Act as it relates to the modern slavery and human trafficking provisions in Article 13 of the Rwanda Treaty, and

lay a copy of each report before Parliament.

relate to the period of 12 months beginning with the day on which this Act comes into force, and

be laid before Parliament and published as soon as reasonably practicable after the end of that period.

relate to the period of 12 months beginning with the day after the last day of the period to which the previous report related, and

be laid before Parliament and published as soon as reasonably practicable after the end of the period to which the report relates.

omit the “and” at the end of paragraph (m), and

after paragraph (n) insert , and

section 60(4) of the UK Borders Act 2007, and

section 67(7) of the Illegal Migration Act 2023.