Index medicus for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: with abstract: IMEMR current content

Vol. 8 No. 3 ISSN: 2071-2510 IMEMR Current Contents September 2009 Index Medicus for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region with Abstracts IMEMR Current Contents September 2009 Vol. 8 No. 3

i Table of Contents IMEMR Current Contents ................................................................................................... vii Subject Index ........................................................................................................................ 1 ABO Blood-Group System .............................................................................................................. 1 Abortion, Spontaneous ................................................................................................................... 1 Acalculous Cholecystitis ................................................................................................................. 1 Accidents, Traffic ............................................................................................................................ 2 Achilles Tendon .............................................................................................................................. 2 Acid-Base Imbalance ...................................................................................................................... 2 Acne Vulgaris ................................................................................................................................. 3 Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ................................................................................... 3 Affect .............................................................................................................................................. 4 Albizzia ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Albuterol ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Almitrine .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Ambroxol ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Amino Acids, Neutral ...................................................................................................................... 6 Amnion ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Anacardiaceae ................................................................................................................................ 7 Analgesia ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Andrographis .................................................................................................................................. 7 Anemia, Sickle Cell ......................................................................................................................... 8 Anesthesia, Caudal ........................................................................................................................ 8 Anesthesia, General ....................................................................................................................... 9 Anesthetics, Local .......................................................................................................................... 9 Anterior Cruciate Ligament ............................................................................................................. 9 Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ..................................................................................... 10 Antibiotic Prophylaxis ................................................................................................................... 10 Aortic Coarctation ......................................................................................................................... 11 Apomorphine ................................................................................................................................ 11 Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ................................................................................................. 12 Aspergillosis ................................................................................................................................. 12 Asthma ......................................................................................................................................... 13 Asthma, Exercise-Induced ............................................................................................................ 13 Atherosclerosis ............................................................................................................................. 14 Attitude of Health Personnel ......................................................................................................... 14 Autistic Disorder ........................................................................................................................... 14 Bardet-Biedl Syndrome ................................................................................................................ 14 Behcet Syndrome ......................................................................................................................... 15 Benzoic Acid ................................................................................................................................. 15 Bezoars ........................................................................................................................................ 15 Biomedical Research .................................................................................................................... 16 Birth Weight .................................................................................................................................. 16 Bites and Stings ............................................................................................................................ 17 Blood Donors ................................................................................................................................ 17 Body Height .................................................................................................................................. 17 Brain ............................................................................................................................................. 18 Brain Abscess ............................................................................................................................... 18 Brain Death ................................................................................................................................... 19 Brain Diseases ............................................................................................................................. 19 ii Brain Injuries ................................................................................................................................. 19 Breast Neoplasms ........................................................................................................................ 20 Budd-Chiari Syndrome ................................................................................................................. 22 Burns ............................................................................................................................................ 22 Buxus ............................................................................................................................................ 23 C-Reactive Protein ....................................................................................................................... 23 Caffeine ........................................................................................................................................ 23 Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ........................................................................................................... 24 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome .............................................................................................................. 24 Cerebral Cortex ............................................................................................................................ 25 Cesarean Section ......................................................................................................................... 25 Chediak-Higashi Syndrome .......................................................................................................... 26 Child Abuse .................................................................................................................................. 26 Chitosan ....................................................................................................................................... 27 Chronic Disease ........................................................................................................................... 27 Cinchona ...................................................................................................................................... 27 Ciprofloxacin ................................................................................................................................. 28 Circumcision, Female ................................................................................................................... 28 Clausena ...................................................................................................................................... 29 Cleome ......................................................................................................................................... 29 Coffea ........................................................................................................................................... 29 Colon ............................................................................................................................................ 30 Colorectal Neoplasms .................................................................................................................. 30 Congenital Abnormalities .............................................................................................................. 31 Contraception ............................................................................................................................... 31 Copper Sulfate .............................................................................................................................. 32 Corchorus ..................................................................................................................................... 32 Coronary Artery Bypass ............................................................................................................... 32 Cosmetics ..................................................................................................................................... 33 Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ......................................................................................................... 33 Cystadenoma, Mucinous .............................................................................................................. 34 Cytomegalovirus Infections .......................................................................................................... 34 Dental Caries ................................................................................................................................ 35 Depression ................................................................................................................................... 35 Dexmedetomidine ......................................................................................................................... 35 Diabetes Mellitus .......................................................................................................................... 36 Diabetic Neuropathies .................................................................................................................. 36 Diarrhea ........................................................................................................................................ 37 Diclofenac ..................................................................................................................................... 37 Diet ............................................................................................................................................... 38 Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine ......................................................................................................... 38 Disasters ....................................................................................................................................... 39 Doxorubicin ................................................................................................................................... 39 Drug Prescriptions ........................................................................................................................ 39 Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial............................................................................................. 40 Echinococcosis ............................................................................................................................. 40 Echocardiography ......................................................................................................................... 41 Ectodermal Dysplasia ................................................................................................................... 41 Education ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Electrocardiography ...................................................................................................................... 42 Emergency Service, Hospital ....................................................................................................... 42 Endocrine System Diseases ......................................................................................................... 43 Epilepsy ........................................................................................................................................ 43 Ethanol ......................................................................................................................................... 44 Exercise ........................................................................................................................................ 45 Extremities .................................................................................................................................... 45 Ferula ........................................................................................................................................... 46 iii Fibroma ........................................................................................................................................ 46 Fibromatosis, Aggressive ............................................................................................................. 46 Flavonoids .................................................................................................................................... 47 Fluconazole .................................................................................................................................. 47 Focus Groups ............................................................................................................................... 48 Folic Acid ...................................................................................................................................... 48 Food Industry ................................................................................................................................ 48 Foreign Bodies ............................................................................................................................. 49 Fournier Gangrene ....................................................................................................................... 49 Fruit .............................................................................................................................................. 49 Fungi ............................................................................................................................................. 50 Gait ............................................................................................................................................... 50 Gallbladder Emptying ................................................................................................................... 50 Garlic ............................................................................................................................................ 51 Genetic Diseases, Inborn ............................................................................................................. 51 Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ............................................................................................................. 51 Glioblastoma ................................................................................................................................. 52 Goiter ............................................................................................................................................ 52 Granuloma, Plasma Cell ............................................................................................................... 52 Growth .......................................................................................................................................... 53 Growth and Development ............................................................................................................. 53 Guillain-Barre Syndrome .............................................................................................................. 54 Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ........................................................................................................ 54 Heart Defects, Congenital ............................................................................................................ 55 Heart Neoplasms .......................................................................................................................... 56 Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ................................................................................................. 56 Heart Transplantation ................................................................................................................... 57 Hepatitis A .................................................................................................................................... 57 Hepatitis B .................................................................................................................................... 58 Hepatitis B virus ............................................................................................................................ 58 Hepatitis B, Chronic ...................................................................................................................... 59 Hip Fractures ................................................................................................................................ 59 HIV Infections ............................................................................................................................... 60 HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins ........................................................................................................ 60 Hypericum .................................................................................................................................... 60 Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital ............................................................................................... 61 Hypertension ................................................................................................................................ 61 Hypertension, Pulmonary ............................................................................................................. 62 Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ........................................................................................................ 62 Injections ...................................................................................................................................... 63 Insulin Resistance ........................................................................................................................ 63 Internal-External Control ............................................................................................................... 63 Jaundice, Neonatal ....................................................................................................................... 64 Juniperus ...................................................................................................................................... 65 Ketorolac Tromethamine .............................................................................................................. 65 Kidney Failure, Chronic ................................................................................................................ 65 Laryngeal Neoplasms ................................................................................................................... 66 Laurus ........................................................................................................................................... 66 Leiomyosarcoma .......................................................................................................................... 67 Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous ........................................................................................................... 67 Leukemia ...................................................................................................................................... 67 Lidocaine ...................................................................................................................................... 68 Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ............................................................................................................. 68 Mastitis ......................................................................................................................................... 69 Mastoid ......................................................................................................................................... 70 Mental Disorders .......................................................................................................................... 70 Metacarpus ................................................................................................................................... 70 iv Migraine Disorders ....................................................................................................................... 71 Miller Fisher Syndrome ................................................................................................................. 71 Millettia ......................................................................................................................................... 72 Misoprostol ................................................................................................................................... 72 Moraceae ...................................................................................................................................... 72 Mortality ........................................................................................................................................ 73 Mumps .......................................................................................................................................... 73 Myelitis, Transverse ...................................................................................................................... 74 Myocardial Infarction .................................................................................................................... 74 Myocarditis ................................................................................................................................... 75 Nephrotic Syndrome ..................................................................................................................... 75 Neural Tube Defects ..................................................................................................................... 76 Neurilemmoma ............................................................................................................................. 76 Neurocysticercosis ....................................................................................................................... 76 NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ...................................................................................................... 77 Nitric Oxide ................................................................................................................................... 77 Nocturnal Enuresis ....................................................................................................................... 78 Nose ............................................................................................................................................. 78 Nutrition Therapy .......................................................................................................................... 78 Nutritional Status .......................................................................................................................... 79 Obesity ......................................................................................................................................... 79 Obstetric Labor, Premature .......................................................................................................... 80 Ofloxacin ....................................................................................................................................... 80 Opium ........................................................................................................................................... 81 Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ........................................................................................................... 81 Osteoarthritis, Knee ...................................................................................................................... 81 Osteoblastoma ............................................................................................................................. 82 Otitis Externa ................................................................................................................................ 82 Pancreatitis ................................................................................................................................... 83 Parkinson Disease ........................................................................................................................ 83 Patient Rights ............................................................................................................................... 83 Pelvis ............................................................................................................................................ 84 Penis ............................................................................................................................................. 84 Periodontal Ligament .................................................................................................................... 84 Phenytoin ...................................................................................................................................... 85 Pheochromocytoma ...................................................................................................................... 85 Phosphonic Acids ......................................................................................................................... 86 Pilonidal Sinus .............................................................................................................................. 86 Piroxicam ...................................................................................................................................... 86 Placenta Accreta .......................................................................................................................... 87 Plant Extracts ............................................................................................................................... 87 Plants, Medicinal .......................................................................................................................... 88 Pneumothorax .............................................................................................................................. 88 Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome.................................................................................. 89 Prednisone ................................................................................................................................... 89 Pregnancy .................................................................................................................................... 90 Pterocarpus .................................................................................................................................. 90 Puberty ......................................................................................................................................... 90 Purines ......................................................................................................................................... 91 Pyrazoles ...................................................................................................................................... 91 Pyrimidines ................................................................................................................................... 92 Pyrimidinones ............................................................................................................................... 92 Quality of Life ................................................................................................................................ 93 Reactive Oxygen Species ............................................................................................................ 93 Receptors, Nicotinic ...................................................................................................................... 94 Rectal Neoplasms ........................................................................................................................ 94 Referral and Consultation ............................................................................................................. 95 v Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy ..................................................................................................... 95 Renal Artery .................................................................................................................................. 95 Reperfusion Injury ........................................................................................................................ 96 Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ................................................................................... 96 Restless Legs Syndrome .............................................................................................................. 97 Retinopathy of Prematurity ........................................................................................................... 97 Rhodanine .................................................................................................................................... 98 Salmonella Infections ................................................................................................................... 98 Satellite Cells, Perineuronal ......................................................................................................... 98 Scaphoid Bone ............................................................................................................................. 99 Schizophrenia ............................................................................................................................... 99 Sciatic Nerve ................................................................................................................................ 99 Scurvy ......................................................................................................................................... 100 Seizures, Febrile ......................................................................................................................... 100 Showdomycin ............................................................................................................................. 100 Silymarin ..................................................................................................................................... 101 Simplexvirus ............................................................................................................................... 101 Smoking ...................................................................................................................................... 102 Spermatic Cord Torsion .............................................................................................................. 102 Spherocytosis, Hereditary .......................................................................................................... 102 Splanchnic Circulation ................................................................................................................ 103 Stomach Ulcer ............................................................................................................................ 103 Stroke ......................................................................................................................................... 104 Substance-Related Disorders ..................................................................................................... 105 Sweet Syndrome ........................................................................................................................ 106 Syringomyelia ............................................................................................................................. 106 Takayasu Arteritis ....................................................................................................................... 106 Tetralogy of Fallot ....................................................................................................................... 107 Therapeutics ............................................................................................................................... 107 Thermodynamics ........................................................................................................................ 107 Thiamine ..................................................................................................................................... 108 Thiazolidinediones ...................................................................................................................... 108 Thymoma .................................................................................................................................... 109 Thymus Plant .............................................................................................................................. 109 Thyroid Gland ............................................................................................................................. 109 Tongue ....................................................................................................................................... 110 Translocation, Genetic ................................................................................................................ 110 Tretinoin ...................................................................................................................................... 110 Triazolam .................................................................................................................................... 111 Tuberculosis ............................................................................................................................... 111 Tuberculosis, Meningeal ............................................................................................................. 112 Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant .............................................................................................. 112 Typhoid Fever ............................................................................................................................. 113 Ureteral Obstruction ................................................................................................................... 113 Urinary Catheterization ............................................................................................................... 114 Urinary Tract Infections .............................................................................................................. 114 Venous Thromboembolism ......................................................................................................... 115 Waxes ......................................................................................................................................... 115 Wounds and Injuries ................................................................................................................... 116 Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile ........................................................................................................ 116 Appendix I: Author Index .................................................................................................................... 117 Appendix II: List of EMR Journals Indexed in IMEMR Current Contents September 2009 .......... 145 vi Appendix III: List of EMR Journals Indexed in IMEMR (by country) ............................................... 149 BAHRAIN (3) .............................................................................................................................. 151 EGYPT (126) .............................................................................................................................. 151 IRAQ (29) ................................................................................................................................... 155 ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN (128) ......................................................................................... 157 JORDAN (7) ............................................................................................................................... 161 KUWAIT (4) ................................................................................................................................ 162 LEBANON (9) ............................................................................................................................. 162 LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRYA (5) ................................................................................................. 162 MOROCCO (6) ........................................................................................................................... 163 OMAN (3) ................................................................................................................................... 163 PAKISTAN (65) .......................................................................................................................... 163 PALESTINE (3) .......................................................................................................................... 165 QATAR (4) .................................................................................................................................. 166 SAUDI ARABIA (25) ................................................................................................................... 166 SUDAN (9) .................................................................................................................................. 167 SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC (9) ................................................................................................... 167 TUNISIA (9) ................................................................................................................................ 167 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (3) ................................................................................................... 168 YEMEN (7) ................................................................................................................................. 168 Appendix IV: List of EMR Journals Indexed in IMEMR .................................................................... 169 vii IMEMR Current Contents Rationale The Index Medicus for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR) has sustained its indexing policy, which has made it a vital current awareness information tool, for technical staff of the Regional Office, health care staff and medical professionals who are able now to access heath literature published in the Region as soon as it is published. A document delivery service to support the Index has also been activated which will enable any user to acquire a copy of any article listed in the Index. The cumulative version of the Index Medicus is available now on the Internet as part of EMRO web site. A CD-ROM version of the same is also being provided upon request. Scope and Coverage The IMEMR Current Contents is issued on a quarterly basis including articles added to Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR) Database1. Indexing Level Each article has been indexed and assigned to a “Main Heading”, plus added headings according to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) list of the National Library of Medicine (NLM). Up to five added headings (including the respective country) have been allowed. Subheadings (or qualifiers) are used in indexing to qualify MeSH headings by pinpointing some specific aspects of the concept represented by the heading, e.g. “LIVER-Drug Effects” indicates that the article is not about the liver in general, but about the effect of drugs on the liver. Organization of the IMEMR The main body of the Index The Index is organized in alphabetical order, according to the Main Subject Headings (MeSH). In most cases one main subject is assigned to each article. Under the main subject, entries are sorted by Subheading in alphabetical order also. Each entry includes the title of the article, author(s), journal title, year (date of publication), volume number, issue number, page numbers, number of references, subject descriptors and geographic descriptors. Abstracts have been added and are searchable on the database on the Internet. (as shown in Figure 1) Author Index The IMEMR includes the author’s index which also indicates the subjects covered by each author. Computer facilities The Current Contents has been produced using the UNESCO WINISIS package. Countries or journals publishers interested in a subset of the database may be provided with data sets in WINISIS format upon request. Availability of photocopies Photocopies of articles cited in IMEMR may be obtained from EMRO Library, upon request. Availability on the Internet This issue, as well as all forthcoming issues, will appear in WHO/EMRO web site on the Internet, as part of the complete edition of the Index. Internet address is                                                              1  Including the countries of Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen  viii http://www.emro.who.int/HIS/VHSL/Imemr.htm Figure (1): Sample of IMEMR citation Antibodies, Antinuclear Main Subject Heading Keywords: Arthritis, Rheumatoid-diagnosis; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic-diagnosis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Crithidia; Fluorescent Antibody Technique Descriptors Abstract: To study the correlation between enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and immunofluoresencent [IF] anti-dsDNA antibody measurement in different diseases. One hundred and forty sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE, n=40], rheumatoid arthritis [RA, n=30], disease control [n=40] and from healthy control subjects [n=30] were included. Using the ELISA, serum anti-dsDNA was detected in 24/40 [60%] SLE, 5/30 [16.6%] RA, 9/40 [22.5%] disease controls and 1/30 [3.3%] of normal healthy controls. When IF assay was employed, anti-ds DNA antibodies were detected in 16/40 [40%] SLE, 3/30 [10%] RA, 5/40 [12.5%] disease controls but none in the normal subjects. These results suggest that both ELISA and IF techniques can be used for the measurement of anti- ds DNA antibodies in clinical laboratories and, these antibodies are not unique to SLE.  Abstract immunology Subheading Title Evaluation of anti-DS DNA antibodies in anti-nuclear antibody positive Omani patients. Journal Title Year Issue Pages No. of References Volume Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 2007; 23 (2): 211-215 (22 ref.) Author(s) Alnaqdy, Adel; Al Busaidy, Juma; Hassan, Batool First author's e-mail address E-mail:aalwan@squ.edu.om First author's affiliation Sultan Qaboos University - College of Medicine and Health Sciences - Department of Microbiology and Immunology    Subject Index

IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   1 ABO Blood-Group System Distribution of ABO blood groups and Rhesus factor in Southwest Saudi Arabia. Sarhan, Mohammed A.; Saleh, Kamel A.; Bin Dajem, Saad M. E-mail:mohammed_sarhan@yahoo.com King Khalid University - Faculty of Science - Department of Biological Sciences Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 116-119 (25 ref.) Keywords: Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; Phenotype Abstract: To document the distribution of the ABO and rhesus Rh blood groups in a random sample of Saudi students from the King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and to compare our results from that of other studies in the Kingdom and elsewhere. The subjects included in this study were 944 males from the southwest region of Saudi Arabia including Aseer, Jizan, and Najran regions. The ABO blood groups and Rh factor from 944 Saudi males were determined. The frequency of ABO blood groups and Rh status were calculated separately. This study was carried out at King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from January to March 2008, and the ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethical Committee, College of Science, King Khalid University. The frequencies of ABO groups showed 56.8% for group O, 33.4% group A, 6% group B and 3.8% group AB trend. Only 7.2% of them were found to be Rh-negative. The frequencies of ABO and Rh phenotypes in the southwest population of Saudi Arabia are similar to those reported in most areas of the Arabian Gulf region. Abortion, Spontaneous Risk factors of abortion among pregnant women in almukalla MCH Hospital, Hadhramout, Yemen. Balafair, Amer S. Hadhramout University of Modern Science and Technology - Faculty of Medicine Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 77-84 (14 ref.) Keywords: Risk Factors; Diabetes Mellitus; Hypertension; Maternal Age; Maternal-Child Health Centers; Pregnancy; Case-Control Studies Abstract: Abortion is a common health problem in our community and worldwide. However, there are a lot of contradictions among the studies regarding the risk factors of this problem. The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors of abortion in our locality. This is a case-control study conducted in the period from November 2007 to April 2008. 448-pregnant women were enrolled in the study. They were classified into 224 women with pregnancy loss at or less than 24 weeks of pregnancy as study group, and 224 women who completed their pregnancy as control group. Data were collected by using questionaire about personal data, economic status, number of gravidity and parity, drug use, special habits and medical diseases in relation to abortion. The data were, analyzed manually and by using excel program and special statistical elements [OR, CI 95% and P-value. In respect to risk related to age, the significant risk is found in age group more than 35 years old; P value = 0.00. The probability of abortion increased if the number of gravidity is 2-5 or more than 5; P value = 0.004, 0.001 respectively, and the number of parity has significant association with abortion if equal or more than 5; P value = 0.00. Infection with toxoplasmosis has strong association with abortion; OR = 7.55, P value - 0.002. Other medical diseases have no significant association with abortion like thyroid disease; OR - 1.51, P value - 0.6, diabetes mellitus; OR = 1.3, P value = 0.6], hypertension; OR = 7.75, P value = 0.6 and urinary tract infection; OR = 0.61, P value - 0.2 .Same results were obtained about leuteal phase support drugs; P value 0.09. The economic status has no significant association with abortion [enough and incur, P value = 47.5, 0.32 respectively], Special habits like Qat chewing, smoking and coffee drinking have no association with abortion; P value > 0.05 for all of them. Age more than 35 year old, infection with toxoplasmosis in pregnant women, number of gravidity more than 2, and number of parity equal or more than 5 have strong association with abortion . Economic status, other medical diseases, luteal phase support drugs and special habits like Qat chewing .smoking and coffee drinking have no significant association. Acalculous Cholecystitis complications Acute acalculous perforated cholecystitis. Murtaza, Badar; Malik, Imran Bashir; Mahmood, Asad; Saeed, Saira; Sharif, Muhammad Ashraf E-mail:badar_murtaza@yahoo.com Combined Military Hospital - Department of General Surgery JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 183-185 (10 ref.) IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   2 Keywords: Acalculous Cholecystitis-diagnosis; Acalculous Cholecystitis-pathology; Risk Factors; Multiple Organ Failure-therapy; Acute Disease; Peritonitis; Cholecystectomy Abstract: A case of acute acalculous perforated cholecystitis with acute generalized peritonitis in a middle aged cachectic man, presenting late in a moribund condition, is reported. He underwent emergency laparotomy [subtotal cholecystectomy], went into multi-organ failure and was managed accordingly. The patient recovered in about 2 weeks and was followed-up regularly. Accidents, Traffic mortality Pattern of motorcyclist's mortality in Mazandran province, northern Iran. Janmohammadi, N.; Pourhossein, M.; Hashemi, S.R. E-mail:dr jamohammadi@yahoo.com Babol University of Medical Sciences - Shahid Beheshti Hospital - Department of Orthopaedics IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 81-84 (24 ref.) Keywords: Accidents, Traffic-trends; Accidents, Traffic-epidemiology; Motorcycles; Mortality-trends; Head Injuries, Closed-mortality; Head Injuries, Closed-etiology; Cross-Sectional Studies Abstract: Road traffic accidents [RTA] is recognized internationally as the major threat to human health and, motorcycle collision victims form a high proportion of those killed or injured in RTA. This study was performed to evaluate the patterns of motorcyclist's mortalities. All motorcyclists' corpses that were presented to the legal medicine center of Mazandaran Province during January 2002 to January 2004 were enrolled and the patterns of motorcyclist's mortalities were determined. Of the 89 bodies, 93.3% were male and 84.2% were riders. About 60% sustained injuries from collision with a car. Two third of the deaths occurred in the first half of the year. Three fourth of the death occurred in heavy traffic volume time of a day [7 am to 10 pm] peaking at 9 pm [21%]. Fifty seven percent died on the rural roads collisions and 47% on the urban road collisions. Head injury was the main cause of death [50.6%]. Motorcyclist's mortalities were prevalent in young motorcycle riders [males], collision with a car, first half of the year, heavy traffic volume time, riding on rural roads, and head injury was the main cause of death. Achilles Tendon injuries Spontaneous atraumatic achilles tendon rupture in healthy individuals: biomechanical aspect. Syed, Shakir; Bhatti, Arshad; Shah, Mian Munawar E-mail:drshakirsyed@yahoo.com The Royal Shrewsbury Hospital - Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 195-197 (10 ref.) Keywords: Achilles Tendon-physiopathology; Risk Factors; Rupture, Spontaneous; Ultrasonography Abstract: Achilles tendon rupture bilaterally secondary to predisposing factors such as steroid, fluoroquinolones, SLE, RA etc. Other factors are well-described in the literature but this is an extremely rare phenomenon in the absence of risk factors. Available reports in healthy athletes, all had history of severe trauma. We report an unusual presentation of bilateral and unilateral spontaneous rupture of Achilles tendon in healthy lifeguards without any marked trauma. Knowledge of training environment will alert the trainers, athletes and surgeons to recognise training environment at risk and take preventive measures. Acid-Base Imbalance etiology Acid-base disturbances and related factors in patients under general anesthesia. Lak, M.; Arghizadeh, H. E-mail:marziehlak@yahoo.com Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences - Department of Anesthesiology IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   3 IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 28-31 (8 ref.) Keywords: Acid-Base Imbalance-complications; Acid-Base Imbalance-prevention and control; Anesthesia, General- complications; Blood Gas Analysis; Acidosis-etiology; Acidosis-therapy; Body Temperature; Bicarbonates-therapeutic; Surgical Procedures, Operative-complications Abstract: In patients undergoing surgery, acid-base imbalance during general anesthesia causes disruption in the function of cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal and the central nervous system. Since the potential complications of acid-base disturbances are serious, we decided to explore these changes and related causes so that prevention and compensation would be feasible. In this study, acid-base disruption and its causes during general anesthesia were studied in 60 patients. The patients were divided into three groups based on the location of surgery: abdominal [I], extremities [II], and head and neck [III]. Body central temperature, type, and volume of injected fluids and bicarbonate [as needed] were recorded. In the second, third, and fourth hours of surgery, arterial blood gases and pH were measured. The incidence and degree of metabolic acidosis in all patients were significantly related to the duration of the surgery. The number of patients with acidosis and the number of patients requiring treatment were also greater in groups I and II than in group III. Although all patients became hypothermic during the surgery, there was no significant relationship with development of acidosis. No relationship was found between the type and volume of the solution administered and development of acidosis. In our opinion, monitoring of acid-base status in prolonged surgeries especially in abdominal and extremity operations seems necessary. Acne Vulgaris therapy The efficacy of topical solution of 0.3% ciprofloxacin in treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Vali, A.; Faghihi, G.; Zaghian, N.; Koosha, M. E-mail:anahitavali@yahoo.com Iranian Hospital - Department of Dermatology IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 23-27 (14 ref.) Keywords: Acne Vulgaris-microbiology; Ciprofloxacin-administration and dosage; Ciprofloxacin-therapeutic use; Erythromycin-administration and dosage; Erythromycin-therapeutic use; Ciprofloxacin-adverse effects; Erythromycin- adverse effects; Propionibacterium acnes-drug effects; Administration, Topical; Prospective Studies Abstract: Acne vulgaris is a very common disorder affecting virtually every adolescent at some point in time. Topical treatment of acne involves the use of retinoids and antimicrobials. Antimicrobials reduce P. acne population and are effective for treatment of inflammatory lesions. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of topical ciprofloxacin solution and compared it with topical erythromycin solution. The study was a prospective single-blind clinical trial. One hundred patients with mild to moderate acne were enrolled. The patients were randomly treated with topical application of 0.3% ciprofloxacin or 4% erythromycin solutions. For a six week period, they were visited every two weeks. Acne severity index [ASI] was calculated in each visit and recorded. Ninety-three patients completed the study, 50 patients in the ciprofloxacin and 43 in the erythromycin groups. Irritation was generally mild for both treatments and no discontinuation was reported because of adverse effects. There was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups in reduction of comedons or papules but reduction of pustules was greater in ciprofloxacin treatment group after 4 weeks. ASI was reduced in the two groups but in ciprofloxacin treated patients, this reduction was more significant at all follow up visits. The results of this study indicate that topical solutions of erythromycin and ciprofloxacin were effective in treating mild to moderate acne vulgaris and both were well-tolerated by the patients. Ciprofloxacin solution produced greater reduction in pustule counts and ASI, during the six week period of twice-daily application. This novel modality may have an important potential role in rotational topical therapy of inflammatory acne lesions. Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems Adverse drug reaction reporting by hospital pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. Al Sultan, Mohammed S.; Bawazir, Saleh A. King Saud University - College of Pharmacy - Chairman of Clinical Pharmacy Department SPJ - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2009; 17 (1): 95-105 (48 ref.) Keywords: Drug Toxicity; Pharmacists; Hospitals; Attitude Abstract: To study hospital pharmacists attitude and behavior toward reporting of adverse drug reactions [ADRs] in different hospitals throughout Saudi Arabia. This is a descriptive study on a sample of 510 hospital pharmacists who were asked to answer a self-administered questionnaire. The first section of questions sought to obtain pharmacists and pharmacy demographics, references available and continuing education activity. It also covered general questions that were intended to measure the extent of the respondent's knowledge regarding the Saudi ADR reporting system and pharmacists' behavior toward it. Another section of the questionnaire explored pharmacist's attitude to reporting IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   4 and factors that may affect their attitude. The response rate by pharmacists was 67.1% in which more than half were Saudi pharmacists [56.7%]. The study showed that 45.6% of pharmacists were aware of the ADR reporting program in Saudi Arabia. Almost all the respondents considered the reporting of ADR to be an essential part of their professional responsibility and acknowledge the importance of reporting. Only 7% of pharmacists in the study submitted an ADR report to the Ministry of Health, while 23.1% of them claimed they submitted an ADR report to their hospitals. The study also showed many barriers affecting ADR reporting by hospital pharmacists such as insufficient clinical knowledge [42.7%], all serious side effects are detected before marketing [35.7%], unknown address of the reporting agency [33.6%], reporting form not available [33.3%], do not know how to report [22.6%] and finally the form is complicated to be filled [17.3%]. When looking at the factors that could encourage ADR reporting, the study showed that the publication of an ADR bulletin [64.3%] and receiving a feedback from the program [64.1%] are important factors to be considered. Hospital pharmacists in Saudi Arabia seem to have a good knowledge regarding the country's ADR reporting system but they are still considered underreporting. Many barriers were identified in the study that is negatively affecting ADR reporting. The results highlight the importance of promoting and improving the current ADR reporting system in Saudi Arabia and try to overcome any barrier that could prevent such progress. Affect Relation between worry domains and health related quality of life in medical sciences students. Nasrabadi, Nikbakht; Mazloom, Seyed Reza; Nesari, Maryam; Goodarzi, Fatemeh E-mail:nikbakht@sina.tums.ac.ir Tehran University of Medical Sciences - School of Nursing and Midwifery - Medical Surgical Nursing Group Payesh - Health Monitor 2009; 8 (1): 85-92, 96 (20 ref.) Keywords: Students, Medical; Quality of Life; Questionnaires Abstract: To determine the relationship of worry domain with quality of life [QOL] in Tehran University of Medical Sciences [TUMS] Students. In this descriptive correlation study, 400 medical university students [231 women, 169 men] from 7 different schools related to TUMS completed corresponding versions of QOL [SF-36] and worry domain questionnaires. In this process, after the participants gave informed consent, they were administered the WDQ, and QOL in random order and in the same time period [8 Am. to 12 md.]. A demographic survey that solicited information about the participants' age, gender, and the other necessary demographic information was also completed. The results of the present study indicated that worry was in a severe level in 4.8% and in medium level in 34.3% of students. The results also indicated that worry and quality of life were negatively direct related. A regression analysis revealed that Quality of life was significantly negatively related to worry level [P < 0.0001, r = 0.682]. It appeared that it is important for university policy makers to plan for reduce worry domain and increase the QOL of students in order to improve student's health. Albizzia The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the extract of albizia lebbeck in animal model. Saha, Achinto; Ahmed, Muniruddin E-mail:achintosaha@yahoo.com Tokushima Bunri University - Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 74-77 (26 ref.) Keywords: Phytotherapy; Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Plant Extracts-therapeutic use; Models, Animal Abstract: The extract of the bark of Albizia lebbeck Benth. Obtained by cold extraction of mixture of equal proportions of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol was chosen for pharmacological screening. In rat paw edema model induced by carrageenan, the extract at the 400 mg/kg dose level showed 36.68% [p < 0.001] inhibition of edema volume at the end of 4h. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract at the 200 and 400 mg/kg dose level showed 39.9% and 52.4% inhibition of writhing, respectively. In radiant heat tail-flick method the crude extract produced 40.74% [p < 0.001] and 61.48% [p < 0.001] elongation of tail flicking time 30 minutes after oral administration at the 200 and 400 mg/kg dose level, respectively. Albuterol chemical synthesis Utility of certain spectrofluorimetric methods for analysis of two pharmaceutical binary mixtures. Emara, Kamla M.; Abdel Wadood, Hanaa M.; Bakr, Marwa F. Assiut University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   5 Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 2008; 31: 183-195 (34 ref.) Keywords: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Epinephrine; Spectrometry, Fluorescence Abstract: Simple and very sensitive spectrofluorimetric methods were developed for determination of adrenaline [I] - procaine hydrochloride [II] mixture and salbutamol sulfate [III] - guaifenesin [IV] mixture. adrenaline [I] in the first mixture was determined by coupling with 5-diazo-l,2,4-triazolo-3-carboxylic acid [DTCA] reagent in alkaline medium forming fluorigenic product which can be measured at 340 nm [lambda ex. 245 nm], while procaine hydrochloride [II] gave no fluorescence. salbutamol sulfate [III] was analyzed by reaction with ethyl acetoacetate [eaa] forming coumarin derivative, which can be measured at 320 nm lambda ex. 280 nm]. guaifenesin [iv], the second drug in mixture has a considerable native fluorescence in methanol was measured at 310 nm [lambda ex. 230 nm]. all variables affecting reaction conditions were optimized. linear correlations were obtained over the range of 19-100, 37-400 and 22-150 ng/ml for [I], [III] and [IV], respectively. the proposed methods were successfully applied for the analysis of the studied drugs in their pure and commercial dosage forms and the obtained results were in good agreement with those obtained from the reported methods; no significant difference in the accuracy and precision as revealed by the accepted values of t-and f-tests, respectively. Almitrine Determination of binary mixture of raubasine and almitrine dismesylate by derivative spectrophotometry. El Sayed, Mohammad A. E-mail:boodi_75@yahoo.com Cairo University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Analytical Chemistry SPJ - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2009; 17 (1): 62-69 (28 ref.) Keywords: Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids; Spectrophotometry Abstract: A first derivative spectrophotometric [[1]D] and derivative ratio [1DD] methods were utilized to determine raubasine [I] and almitrine dismesylate respectively using methanol as a solvent. A linear relationship was obtained in the range from 6-20 microg ml[-1] raubasine for the [[1]D] method and 10- 24 microg ml[-1] almitrine dismesylate for the [[1]DD] method. By applying the proposed methods, it was possible to determine raubasine in its pure powdered from with accuracy 99.94 +/- 0.860 [n = 8] for the [[1]D] method and almitrine dismesylate with accuracy 100.07 +/- 0.784 [n = 8] for the [[1]DD] method. Laboratory prepared mixtures containing different ratios of [I], [II] were analyzed by the proposed methods. The proposed methods were validated and found to be suitable assay methods for raubasine [I] and almitrine dismesylate [II] in pharmaceutical formulations. Ambroxol pharmacokinetics Stability study of ambroxol hydrochloride sustained release pellets coated with acrylic polymer. Kibria, Golam; Islam, K.M. Ariful; Reza-UI Jalil E-mail:gkibria123@yahoo.com University of Dhaka - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 36-43 (25 ref.) Keywords: Ambroxol-administration and dosage; Acrylic Resins; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Stability Abstract: The aim of the present study is to perform stability study of Ambroxol Hydrochloride sustained release pellets stored in different storage conditions. The drug loaded beads were prepared by Extrusion-Spheronization technology then coated with ammonio methacrylate copolymer Type A [Eudragit RL 30 D] and ammonio methacrylate copolymer Type B [Eudragit RS 30 D] at a ratio of 2:3 [8% polymer by weight on dry basis] in Fluid Bed Coater [Wurster column]. Stability study of pellets was performed as capsule dosage form in Aluminium-PVDC packaging mode at room temperature, 40°C, 40°C/75% RH and 30°C/70% RH for three months. After one month the shape and size of the pellets was changed in all conditions. The color of the pellets remains unchanged up to the 2nd month in all conditions except at 40°C/75%RH and in this case some pellets become brown. But after 3[rd] month, pellets become brownish in all conditions except at room temperature. At RT the color of pellets remains unchanged during the stability study. The mean drug content decreased gradually in all conditions. In acid media the initial drug release was 23% but after 1[st] month it was decreased to 13-15% in all conditions. In the buffer media [pH 6.8] the drug release was increased a little bit in all conditions except at 30°C/70% RH with the passes of storage time. Stability studies at 30°C/70% RH revealed consistent drug release [f2 > 50] throughout the stability period. The physical properties of pellets as well as the in vitro release profile of the drug was found to be a function of the different storage conditions as well as the physico-chemical nature of the polymers. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   6 Amino Acids, Neutral therapeutic use Dietary supplementations of amino acids: evidence for enhanced serotonergic functions following haloperidol withdrawal in rat medial prefrontal cortex. Batool, Farhat; Ahmed, Shoaib; Haleem, Darakhshan Jabeen E-mail:batool@uok.edu.pk University of Karachi - Department of Biochemistry JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 139-145 (25 ref.) Keywords: Tryptophan; Valine; Serotonin-chemical synthesis; Serotonin-metabolism; Catalepsy; Haloperidol- adverse effects; Rats, Wistar; Amino Acids-therapeutic use; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome-drug therapy; Prefrontal Cortex-drug effects; Dietary Supplements Abstract: To investigate the effects of orally supplemented amino acids L-Tryptophan [Trp] and L-Valine [Val] in rats repeatedly injected with haloperidol following one week of drug withdrawal, with particular reference to extrapyramidal symptoms [EPS] and serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT] metabolism in medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC]. Experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi from December 2007 to February 2008. The study was conducted on thirty six locally bred male Albino Wistar rats. Freshly prepared amino acids [Val and Trp] were added in the drinking water of rats on alternate days and haloperidol at doses of 5.0 mg/kg or saline were injected twice daily for three weeks following one week of withdrawal. Locomotor/ exploratory activities were scored in activity boxes and open field apparatuses. Catalepsy was monitored on an inclined surface. The animals tested for locomotor activity and catalepsy for two weeks follow-up post-injections plus one week of drug withdrawal were decapitated to collect mPFC regions of rat brain for neurochemical analysis by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection [HPLC-EC]. There was significant increase [p < 0.01] in locomotor activity in rats orally supplemented with Val and Trp following one week of drug withdrawal from repeated administration. Marked reduction in cataleptogenic effects of the drug was also observed. Significant [p < 0.01] increases in the brain Trp and mPFC 5-HT metabolism in Val and Trp supplemented animals were also noticed. These findings help to demonstrate the effect of dietary amino acids, in particular, Trp to potentiate mPFC serotonergic modulation of neuroleptic activity. Amnion Amniotic membrane dressing vs conventional topical antibiotic dressing hospitalized brun patients. Mohammadi, A.A.; Riazi, H.; Hasheminasab, M.J.; Sabet, B.; Mohammadi, M.K.; Abbasi, S.; Amini, M. E-mail:mohamadiaa@sums.ac.ir Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - Shiraz Burn Research Center - Department of Surgery IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 66-70 (16 ref.) Keywords: Burns-therapy; Biological Dressings-utilization; Biological Dressings-adverse effects; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Silver Sulfadiazine-therapeutic use; Silver Sulfadiazine-administration and dosage; Silver Sulfadiazine- adverse effects; Burns-complications; Burns-mortality Abstract: Different natural and synthetic materials were used for temporary burn wound coverage; however, they are associated with disadvantages including high price which prohibit their widespread use, especially in developing countries. Among all, human amniotic membrane is the only easily available and cost free coverage. Its effects on burn wounds have been studied in this survey. One-hundred and twenty four patients with 20-50% second and third degree burns and without any other disease were randomly assigned into two groups. The first 61 patients [control group] underwent traditional method of dressing with silver sulfadiazine and gauze which were changed twice a day. The remaining 63 patients underwent dressing with human amniotic membrane [amnion group], being changed every 3-4 days. Patients in the control group had significantly lower albumin and needed more albumin infusion [231.80 +/- 234 gr. versus 111.51 +/- 143.82 gr.], received more blood transfusion [1.75 +/- 2.52 bags versus 0.65 +/- 1.18 bags], had significantly more intense pain and so received more narcotics than amnion group [7.97 +/- 12.85 doses versus 3.84 +/- 7.56]. Wound infection was higher in the control group [65.66% versus 46.91%] and so was the incidence of sepsis [24.62% versus 6.10%]. There was 8.53% mortality in the control group versus 0% in the amnion group. All of the above-mentioned differences were statistically significant. Amniotic membrane dressing in deep and more extensive burns leads to better homeostatic, immunologic and local results and because of its low price, its use is strongly recommended. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   7 Anacardiaceae chemistry Polyphenolic compounds from the leaves of schinus terebinthifolius raddi. Farag, Salwa F. Assiut University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacognosy Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 2008; 31: 319-329 (25 ref.) Keywords: Plant Leaves; Plant Extracts; Quinic Acid-analogs and derviatives; Tannins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Phenols; Caffeic Acids; Flavonoids; Glycosides; Galactose; Catechin Abstract: Two quinic acid esters, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid [1] and 5-O-coumaroylquinic acid [2]; three myricetin glycosides, myricetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl [r"- > 6"] beta-D-galactopyranoside [3], myricetin 3-O-beta-D- glucuronide [4], and myricetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside [5]; 1,6-digalloyl-beta-D-glucose [6]; and [+]- catechin [7] were isolated and identified for the first time from the leaves of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. Furthermore, investigation of tannic acid content was carried out by HPLC. Analgesia methods Appropriate analgesia for breast surgery by paravertebral anesthesia. Ebrahimy, M.; Moradi, A.R. E-mail:masihed@yahoo.com Shahid Beheshti University [MC] - Shohada Hospital Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention 2009; 2 (1): 55-58 (12 ref.) Keywords: Anesthesia, Conduction-methods; Mastectomy, Segmental; Patient Satisfaction; Pain Measurement; Breast-surgery Abstract: Due to the increasing number of breast masses and a more precise attention to them, a greater number of patients refer to clinics for biopsy or resection of breast and axillary lymph nodes. An appropriate anesthesia method can decrease hospitalization time, its expenditure and postoperative complications. Paravertebral anesthesia [1] is a simple and feasible method in most cases and can provide a very suitable analgesia for biopsy and operation and postoperative analgesia. Paravertebral block was used for analgesia for 15 women having breast masses who were candidates for biopsy and pathology examination by frozen section. Biopsy was performed only by a single paravertebral injection [we did not insert catheter for continuos analgesia] with sedation. The patients' satisfaction and analgesia were evaluated postoperatively. First pain complaint and burning which demanded opioid prescription was considered at the end of analgesia of the block. The patients were evaluated for analgesia for 24 hours. Paravertebral block provides an appropriate analgesia for breast surgery, and with good technical performance it offers a high rate of success. Average duration of analgesia was 17 hours and the patients did not need opioid in this period; 60% of the patients [9 people] were discharged at the same day of the surgery in the afternoon. Those patients requiring mastectomy following the biopsy were anesthetized with tracheal intubation and atracurium muscle relaxant, and no opioid drug was used in their surgery. All the patients [15 people] expressed their satisfaction with paravertebral block. Breast surgeries with paravertebral block were performed with a high rate of analgesia and patients' consent, a good reduction in patients' expenditure and much lower incidence of complications and early ambulation of patients. Other regional methods like thoracic epidural block, intercostals block and local infiltrations are also used for these surgeries. However, as the duration of surgeries differs from one another, a safe and comprehensive method is important, and paravertebral block has these characteristics. Andrographis Evaluation of beneficial effects of antioxidant properties of aqueous leaf extract of andrographis paniculata in STZ-induced diabetes. Dandu, Anilkumar M.; Inamdar, Naseeruddin M. E-mail:anildandu@gmail.com Al Ameen college of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacology Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 49-52 (16 ref.) IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   8 Keywords: Phytotherapy; Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Plant Leaves; Plant Extracts-therapeutic use; Rats, Wistar Abstract: The beneficial effects of antioxidant properties Andrographis paniculata [Andrographis] were studied in the diabetic animals. Hyperglycemia, characteristic feature of diabetes mellitus leads to decreased antioxidant defense and hence development of oxidative stress, which in involved in the etiology of development of diabetic complications. The evidences suggest that good glycemic control and/or use of antioxidants may play an important role in the prevention of complications associated with diabetes. Diabetes was induced with single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin [45 mg/kg, i.p] dissolved in freshly prepared citrate buffer [pH 4.5], resulted in elevation of blood glucose levels, decrease in the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. Oral administration of Andrographis [400 mg/kg, p.o] resulted in significant decrease in the blood glucose levels and increase in the activity of SOD and catalase. In conclusion Andrographis decreased the blood glucose levels in diabetic animals may be due to its antioxidant properties. Anemia, Sickle Cell complications Anemic crisis due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae complication in sickle cell patients. Zafer, Mubarak H.; Gamel, Abdul Moneim S.; Ansari, Mohamed A.; Hamid, Mohamed E. King Khalid University - College of Medicine - Department of Pathology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 157-158 (5 ref.) Keywords: Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Anemia, Sickle Cell-diagnosis Anesthesia, Caudal methods Comparison of the effect of sevoflurane and halothane anesthesia on the fall in heart rate as a predictor of successful single shot caudal epidural in children. Mercan, Arzu; Ture, Hatice; Sayin, Murat M.; Sozubir, Selami; Koner, Ozge; Aykac, Bora E-mail:arzumercan66@hotmail.com Saad Specialist Hospital Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 72-76 (18 ref.) Keywords: Halothane; Methyl Ethers; Child; Heart Rate-drug effects; Anesthetics, Local; Predictive Value of Tests Abstract: To investigate the effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on heart rate HR fall with the injection of the initial drug in caudal space to confirm the correct needle placement. After the ethical approval was obtained from the hospital-s ethics committee, a prospective, randomized, clinical study was designed in Yeditepe University Hospital, in 2007. Children aged 1-12 years, scheduled for infraumblical surgery under general anesthesia, and caudal block were included in the study. Anesthesia was induced, and maintained by sevoflurane in group S n = 85, and by halothane in group H n = 82. Baseline HR was recorded before the caudal block was performed. The HR changes during the initial dose, and total drug injection were recorded followed by 2 more HR recordings taken 5, and 10 minutes after caudal injection. The success of the block was recorded by a blind observer. There were 167 children included in the study. Caudal block success was 96.5% in group S, and 97.6% in group H. Basal HR was 110.9 +/- 10.9 in group S, and 105.9 +/- 10.1 in group H. Following the initial drug injection, mean HR was 109.8 +/- 10.9 in group S, and 102.9 +/- 9.9 in group H. It was significantly lower than the baseline in group H. The only significant decrease in the HR of the patients in group S was at the tenth minute following caudal injection. The decrease in HR with drug injection has no value to predict the success of caudal block under sevoflurane anesthesia. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   9 Anesthesia, General adverse effects Comparison of intraocular pressure and hemodynamic response subsequent to tracheal tube versus laryngeal tube insertion during general anesthesia. Taregh, S.H.; Katbab, M.R.; Katbab, A.; Eghbal, H.; Amini, A. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - Department of Anesthesiology IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 52-56 (9 ref.) Keywords: Anesthesia, General-instrumentation; Anesthesia, General-physiology; Intraocular Pressure; Blood Pressure; Heart Rate; Intubation, Intratracheal-adverse effects; Laryngeal Masks-adverse effects; Anesthesia, General-pharmacology; Hemodynamics Abstract: It is well accepted that intraocular pressure should be controlled during general anesthesia [G/A] for intraocular procedures. This study was performed to compare the effects of the laryngeal and tracheal tubes on intraocular pressure [IOP], mean arterial pressure [MAP] and heart rate [HR] during the course of G/A. Eighty adult patients were randomly allocated to two groups for cataract surgery. Group A [n=40] underwent laryngeal tube [LT] placement and group B [n=40] had tracheal tube [TT] insertion. Anesthesia was induced by midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and atracurium and was maintained by propofol and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. IOP, MAP and HR were measured before and 3 minutes after induction of G/A, 1 and 5 minutes after tube placement, at the end of the operation, and 1 minute after extubation. The IOP at 1 minute after removal of the tubes was significantly higher in the TT group than the LT group. The MAP at 1 minute and heart rate at 1 and 5 minutes after placement of the tubes were significantly higher in TT group than the LT group. In the course of G/A, using the same anesthetic agents such as propofol, and atracurium, LT had better control than TT on IOP, MAP and HR. Anesthetics, Local administration and dosage Comparison of 3 doses of ropivacaine for epidural anesthesia in transurethral surgery. Guler, Gulen; Aksu, Recep; Dogru, Kudret; Sofikerim, Mustafa; Tosun, Zeynep; Boyaci, Adem E-mail:gulen@erciyes.edu.tr Erciyes University - Medical Faculty - Department of Anesthesiology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 67-71 (20 ref.) Keywords: Anesthetics, Local-therapeutic use; Anesthesia, Epidural; Transurethral Resection of Prostate; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms-surgery Abstract: To investigate the use of 3 different doses of ropivacaine on the quality of anesthesia and hemodynamics in epidural anesthesia for transurethral surgery. The current study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty of Erciyes University, Turkey, between May 2004 and June 2006. The study recruited 81 males of ASA I- II group, ages 60-80 years, undergoing transurethral resection of prostate or bladder tumors. Patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups receiving epidural ropivacaine in different doses and concentrations. Group I n = 27 received 15 ml 102.5mg of 0.75% solution, group II n = 27 received 10ml 75mg of 0.75% solution, and group III n = 27 received 10 ml 50mg 0.5% ropivacaine. The quality of the blocks and the hemodynamic changes were compared. Motor block was significantly less in group III than in groups I and II. The sensory block level was T6 or more in 55% of patients in group I, 35% in group II, and 21% in group III. The duration of sensory block was less, and the time to achieve the T10 level was greater in group III. Hypotension and bradycardia were more frequent in group I. Effective anesthesia with few side effects was obtained with low dose ropivacaine. Anterior Cruciate Ligament surgery [The aftermaths of the extensor system after reconstruction of the auterior cruciate ligament by the patellar tendon] Meherzi, M.H.; Karray, B.; Bouaziz, M.; Zaalouni, I.; Nouri, H.; Ouertatani, M.; Ghannouchi, M. Adult Institute of Orthopedics M.T. Kassab - Orthopedics Surgery Department IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   10 Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 227-231 (17 ref.) Keywords: Arthroscopy; Patellar Ligament; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies Abstract: A few articles in the literature studied the sequelle of the withdrawal of the extensor system after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by Kenneth JONES methods. The goal of this work was to value these aftermaths clinics, radiological and isokinetics. It is a retrospective study of 113 patients operated in the institute of orthopedics MT KASSAB with a reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by Kenneth JONES technique under arthroscopy. These patients were seen in order to appreciate the functional results, arthrometric [by Telos], isokinetic [by an isokinetic dynamometer [BIODEX]] and radiological [patellar height, calcifications, femoro-patellar osteoarthritis and the positioning of femoral and tibial tunnels by Aglietti's and Locker-Vielpeau's index]. At a middle review of 32 months: 36 patients [32%] had some pains, 33 patients had dysaesthesia to the external face of the knee or one gene to the level of the withdrawal site. The variation of the patellar height was not meaningful [p = 0.052 a limit value] and it was not correlated to the occurence of anterior pain [p = 0.38]. Eleven calcifications of the patellar tendon were noted, six to the level of his patellar insertion and five in full tendon. None of these calcifications did require a surgery. Three patients had a pinch of the femoro-patellar spacing with osteophytes. The postoperative amyotrophy of quadriceps was 0.83 cm. The muscular deficit of quadriceps was lower to 7% compared to the controlateral side. Thirteen sportsmen had accidents of isokinetic curves accompanied by pains. The withdrawal of the extensor system is delicate dragging a fragilisation of this system with a risk of fracture. The essential opposition point between the withdrawal of a patellar tendon and the one of the ischiojambier rest the post-operative morbidity. It is classic to say that the patellar withdrawal is source of problems that they are about previous pains, aftermaths dysaesthesia, cartilaginous lesion, patellar lowering or muscular deficit of quadriceps. The aftermaths on the site of withdrawal of the patellar tendon are radiologically frequent but the most often asymptomatic. Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal analysis Simultaneous determination of the two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Diflunisal and Naproxen in their tablets by chemometric spectrophotometry and HPLC. Wahbi, Abdel Aziz M.; Mabrouk, Mokhtar M.; Moneeb, Marwa S.; Kamal, Amira H. E-mail:abdel_azizwahbi@yahoo.com Alexandria University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 8-17 (24 ref.) Keywords: Diflunisal-analysis; Naproxen-analysis; Spectrophotometry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Abstract: Chemometric spectrophotometry and HPLC were applied to the simultaneous determination of the two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; diflunisal [I] and naproxen [II]. The applied chemometric techniques are multivariate methods including classical least squares [CLS], principal component regression [PCR] and partial least squares [PLS]; and the second derivative of the ratio spectra [2Dr] method. To develop the multivariate methods, the UV absorption spectra of the standard solutions of the training and validation sets in methanol were recorded in the range of 242-274 nm at 2 nm intervals. The specificity of the studied multivariate methods has been tested. In the 2Dr method, analytical signals at 235 and 259 nm were selected for the determination of [I] and [II], respectively. The HPLC method depends on reversed-phase separation using C18 column. The mobile phase consists of a mixture of acetonitrile - acetate buffer [pH 4.2; 50 mM] [60:40, v/v]. The UV detector was set at 255 nm. The developed methods were validated and successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of [I] and [II] in their tablets. The assay results obtained using the chemometric methods were statistically compared to those of the HPLC method and good agreement was observed. Antibiotic Prophylaxis Single and simple antibiotic prophylaxis for elective cholecystectomy. Malik, Sikandar Ali; Yasin, Malik Amjad; Nasreen, Ghazala E-mail:dramjadyasin@gmail.com Military Hospital - Department of General Surgery JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 154-157 (22 ref.) Keywords: Cholecystectomy; Surgical Wound Infection-microbiology; Surgical Wound Infection-prevention and control; Gallstones; Gentamicins-therapeutic use; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella Abstract: To determine the postoperative infection result after use of a single and simple antibiotics for prophylaxis in open elective cholecystectomy. Descriptive [quasi-experimental] study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from December 2006 to January 2008. One hundred and sixteen patients requiring elective open cholecystectomy were included. Patients with acute cholecystitis, jaundice and choledocholithiasis were excluded. Only two doses of Gentamycin were used as prophylactic antibiotic for operation. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   11 Special precautions were taken for maintaining sterilization during surgery. Out of 116 cases, 111 [95.7%] patients had smooth postoperative recovery and only 5 [4.3%] patients developed surgical site infection. Culture sensitivity of these 5 patients revealed E. coli in 2 [40%] cases, 01 [20%] patient had Klebsiella, while 2 [40%] had mixed growth. Single antibiotic prophylaxis for elective cholecystectomy is recommended provided strict aseptic measures are taken during surgery along with good surgical technique. Aortic Coarctation diagnosis Management of coarotation of the Aorta; the use of multi-slice CT Scan in case selection. El Said, Howaida Galal; Zaki, Aly Omar; Soliman, Hazem Hamed; Sorour, Khalid Ali Cairo University - Department of Pediatric Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 213-217 (21 ref.) Keywords: Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Echocardiography; Angioplasty, Balloon; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Disease Management Abstract: Treatment options for native coarctation of the aorta [CoA] are catheter-based intervention [balloon angioplasty with or without stenting] or surgical repair. Selection of the appropriate treatment modality is crucial for safe management and is dictated by several factors including aortic anatomy and CoA morphology. Assessment of these factors is most commonly achieved using echocatfiography coupled with either conventional angiography or magnetic resonance angiography. Multidetector computed tomography [MDCT] or multi-slice CT scan, although commonly used for diagnosis and follow-up of CoA following definitive treatment, has not been previously evaluated as a tool for deciding the optimal treatment modality. Aim is to evaluate employment of MDCT for selection of the appropriate treatment modality in patients with native CoA. Between May 2004 and June 2007, 17 patients with a mean age of 10 years [1 month-16 years] were referred for management of echocardiographically- documented isolated native CoA. MDCT scans of the heart and aorta were obtained in all patients using a 16-row CT scanner. The choice of definitive management strategy, whether catheter-based or surgical, was decided based on aortic anatomy and CoA morphology depicted in the MDCT images. Four of the 17 patients included in the study were deemed unsuitable for catheter- based intervention based on the MDCT images. Of the four patients, one had dense annular calcification of the proximal descending aorta, two had aneurysms of the ascending or descending aorta related to the CoA site and one had a hypoplastic aortic arch. Findings were confirmed at surgery. Surgeries were successful and uncomplicated. Balloon angioplasty with/without stent placement was performed in the remaining 13 patients. In this group, the peak systolic gradient decreased from a mean of 77 mmHg to a mean of 7 mmHg and the CoA site diameter increased from a mean of 2.4mm to a mean of 13mm. There were no complications. MDCT readily delineates aortic and CoA site anatomic and morphologic features that may negate catheter-based intervention in favor of surgical repair. This may help avoid complications and enhance successful and safe management of patient, whether infants, children or adolescents with native CoA. Apomorphine pharmacology The study of apomorphine effects and heterogeneity in the medial prefrontal cortex on the dopaminergic behaviors of rats. Alimoradian, Abbas; Beigy, Faegheh Baha aldini; Sajedianfard, Javad; Panjehshahin, Mohammad Reza Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine - Department of Pharmacology Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2009; 11 (4): 205-214 (49 ref.) Keywords: Dopamine; Mastication; Prefrontal Cortex; Substance-Related Disorders; Behavior; Rats; Genetic Heterogeneity Abstract: While the nucleus accumbens and the striatum have received much attention regarding their roles in stereotyped behaviors, the role of the medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC] has not been investigated to the same degree. Few studies have reported the role of the mPFC in dopaminergic induction of locomotor hyperactivity. The mPFC is a heterogeneous area [the anterior cingulated, prelimbic, and the infralimbic] with particular inputs and outputs to subcortical regions that may have different effects on stereotyped behaviors. In this work, apomorphine, a non-specific dopamine agonist, was microinjected into the three different subregions of the mPFC for induction of stereotyped behaviors to show the role of the three subareas of the mPFC on behaviors and its heterogeneity. Cannulas implanted in the infralimbic, the prelimbic or the anterior cingulated areas of the mPFC. Apomorphine microinjected at five doses and then behaviors recorded. There were significant differences among three areas. The rats receiving apomorphine in the anterior cingulated showed less sniffing and climbing but more chewing behaviors. Yawning observed more IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   12 significantly in the rats given apomorphine in the prelimbic area. The rats getting apomorphine in the infralimbic of the mPFC showed more climbing behavior. It was indicated that manipulation of the dopaminergic system in mPFC alters behaviors and with regard to this, there may be heterogeneity among its three subregions. Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee methods Comparison of bilateral and unilateral total knee arthroplasty in Iranian hospital, Dubai. Ghasemzadeh, F.; Mateescu, C.; Chand Bansal, U. E-mail:ghasemoj@hotmail.com Iranian Hospital - Department of Orthopaedic IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 76-80 (11 ref.) Keywords: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee-adverse effects; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee-rehabilitation; Delirium-etiology; Knee Prosthesis-adverse effects; Knee Prosthesis-rehabilitation; Treatment Outcome Abstract: There have been many studies in the literature on the advantages and disadvantages of bilateral versus staged or unilateral knee arthroplasty. In this study, the results of bilateral and unilateral total knee arthroplasty cases during the past 3 years were compared. The records of all cases undergoing total knee arthroplasty between March 2005 and February 2008 were studied retrospectively. There have been 62 patients [105 knees] operated, from seven different countries. Among these cases, 43 cases had bilateral TKA, from which 36 patients underwent simultaneous intervention, four patients had staged TKA with one-week gap and three cases were staged with one-year gap between interventions. Except for two cases of postoperative delirium [probably due to transient fat emboli] and three cases of transient renal impairment, there had been no complications in the simultaneous bilateral cases. The need of blood transfusion was significantly higher in simultaneous cases [1.7 unit/patient] compared to unilateral cases [0.6 unit/patient]. There were no major problems with the simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty. In the case of bilateral varus deformity, the postoperative rehabilitation was easier and the patients were more satisfied. Moreover, considering the fact that most of our patients came from various countries, simultaneous total knee replacement effectively reduced the hospitalization costs and related expenses. Aspergillosis immunology Effect of invasive aspergillosis infection on the immune responses of Cancer mice. Sohrabi, Nooshin; Khosravi, Ali Reza; Hassan, Zuhair Mohammad; Mahdavi, Mehdi; Amini, Abbas Ali; Tebianian, Majid Tehran University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Mycology Research Centre Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2009; 11 (4): 242-249 (35 ref.) Keywords: Mice, Inbred BALB C; Neoplasms; Cytokines; Membrane Proteins; Toll-Like Receptor 2 Abstract: Using a cancer murine model of invasive aspergillosis [IA], we investigated the expression of TLR-2, Dectin-1 and the level of cytokine production by CD4+ T helper cells in different groups of mice [with or without cancer], also, the effect of invasive aspergillosis on the immune response pattern of cancer mice. Patterns of susceptibility and resistance to infection obtained with different groups of mice injected with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. TLR-2 and Dectin-1 analyzed applying flowcytometry and cytokine production of cultured splenocytes by ELISA method. Cancer mice that challenged with A. fumigatus conidia showed significant increase in TLR-2 and Dectin-1 levels compared with the two other control groups [normal mice challenged with A. fumigatus and non- infected cancer mice]. Moreover, it showed insignificant decrease in IFN-gamma and IL-10 levels and insignificant increase in TNF-alpha level. The data demonstrated remarkable rise in IL-4 level and the mortality of cancer mice that intravenously infected with A. fumigatus. Probably IA causes stimulation in innate immunity and Th2 cells, also some disorganization in cytokine production in CD4+ T helper cells. We hypothesize that concomitance of IA and cancer may change the microenvironment for local or systemic immune responses. Other complementary studies could help supporting our hypothesis. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   13 Asthma blood Serum levels of resistin in asthmatic children. Afify, Mohamed Farouk; Elrehany, Mahmoud Abdul Aziz; Aly, Mohamed El Hosiny Magdy El Minia University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pediatrics Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 225-230 (26 ref.) Keywords: Resistin-blood; Disease Progression; Immunoglobulin E; Child Abstract: Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of childhood. Macrophages play an important role in the inflammatory process in asthma. Human resistin predominantly present in macrophages. The aim of this study is to determine the serum level of resistin in asthmatic children. The study included 60 children, 45 with asthma and 15 healthy children as controls. They were selected from Chest Disease Clinic and inpatients ward of Department of Pediatrics, Suzan Moubarak Hospital for Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, El-Minia University. Asthmatic children were divided into mild intermittent, mild persistent, and moderate persistent asthma groups. Serum resistin level was assayed by ELIZA technique. The results showed significant higher serum level of resistin in all asthmatic children compared with control group [P < 0.000]. Also there were significant higher levels in mild persistent and moderate persistent asthma compared with control group [P < 0.001] while the difference between mild intermittent asthma and control group was not significant [p > 0.05]. There were significant differences among levels of serum resistin in asthmatic groups with higher level in the more severe groups [P < 0.001]. In all asthmatic children, there was significant positive correlation between serum level of resistin and peripheral blood eosinophils [PBE] count [r = 0.83, p < 0.0001] while significant negative correlation with percentage of predicted value of both FEV[1] and PEF [r = -0.89 and 0.88 respectively, both ps < 0.0001]. There was no relation between resistin serum level and the serum level of lgE in all asthmatic children [r = 0.24, p < 0.1]. We concluded that the serum level of resistin is increased in asthmatic children compared with control. Serum resistin levels increase with increasing disease severity of asthma. Resistin may play a role in inflammatory process in asthmatic children but has no role in allergic reaction in atopic asthma. Asthma, Exercise-Induced diagnosis Sensitivity and specificity of self-reported symptoms for exercise-induced bronchospasm diagnosis in children. Bavarian, Behroz; Mehrkhani, Farhad; Ziaee, Vahid; Yousefi, Azizollah; Nourian, Ruhollah Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Growth and Development Research Center Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2009; 19 (1): 47-51 (21 ref.) Keywords: Asthma, Exercise-Induced-epidemiology; Bronchial Spasm-diagnosis; Sensitivity and Specificity- standards; Soccer; Spirometry-utilization; Foot Ball; Bronchial Spasm-epidemiology; Epidemiology-utilization; Cross- Sectional Studies Abstract: Exercise-induced bronchospasm [EIB] is a common condition in elite athletes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of self-reported EIB symptoms in children. In a cross sectional study in 2005, all soccer player boys of 3 football schools of Shahr Rey a town in the south of Tehran, enrolled in this study. All subjects were asked for the presence of four cardinal symptoms of EIB [cough, wheeze, shortness of breath, chest pain/discomfort] during and after exercise. Self reported symptom-based EIB was defined as having at least two out of four symptoms. Findings were compared to spirometric criteria as a gold standard test. A total of 371 boys were enrolled in this study. The mean age of children was 11.67 +/- 1.53 years [range 7-16 years]. According to spirometric findings, 74 [19.9 %] subjects had EIB. The sensitivity and specificity of self-reported symptoms for EIB diagnosis were 13.0 % and 89.9 %, respectively. Self-reported symptoms of EIB in children can be useful for epidemiological study. Our results in Iran are comparable with studies in other countries and point to a relatively high prevalence of EIB among athlete children. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   14 Atherosclerosis diagnosis Vascular insufficiency or neurologic problem? the importance of physical examination. Hodjati, H.; Johari, H. Ghoddusi; Davani, Zeraatian Nejad Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - Trauma Research Center - General Surgery Department IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 107-108 (5 ref.) Keywords: Atherosclerosis-complications; Aorta, Abdominal-pathology; Iliac Artery-pathology; Intermittent Claudication-etiology; Leriche Syndrome-diagnosis; Leriche Syndrome-etiology; Leriche Syndrome-therapy; Ischemia- etiology; Ischemia-complications; Neurologic Manifestations; Physical Examination Attitude of Health Personnel Nursing attitude to spirituality and spiritual care. Mazaheri, Monir; Khoshknab, Masoud Fallahi; Maddah, Sadat Sayyed Bagher; Rahgozar, Mahdi E-mail:msflir@yahoo.com University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation - Department of Nursing Payesh - Health Monitor 2009; 8 (1): 31-37, 102 (14 ref.) Keywords: Nurses; Spirituality; Spiritual Therapies; Nursing; Cross-Sectional Studies; Questionnaires Abstract: To assess nurses' attitude toward spirituality and spiritual care in the care of psychiatric patients/clients. A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the attitude of nurses of Razi psychiatric center on spirituality and spiritual care and providing an educational plan. Samples consist of 107 nurses of Razi psychiatric center. Data were collected using the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale [SSCRS]. Data were analyzed with statistical software [SPSS] with using descriptive methods and statistical tests. Results showed mean score of attitude on spirituality and spiritual care was 63.40 [SD +/- 4.57]. Majority of participants scored between 33-92 which was highest scores for the questionnaire. It shows that attitudes of nurses of Razi psychiatric center to spirituality and spiritual care were positively high. Nurses- attitude for spirituality and spiritual care is positive and they believe that nurses must give spiritual care for their patients. Autistic Disorder complications Is thermal regulation processing involved in the etiology of self injury of skin in autism? Ghanizadeh, Ahmad E-mail:ghanizad@sina.tums.ac.ir Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences - Department of Psychiatry Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2009; 19 (1): 84-85 (9 ref.) Keywords: Autistic Disorder-psychology; Autistic Disorder-diagnosis; Body Temperature Regulation; Social Isolation-etiology; Social Isolation-psychology; Self-Injurious Behavior-etiology; Self-Injurious Behavior-complications; Sensation-analysis; Down Syndrome; Mental Retardation Bardet-Biedl Syndrome diagnosis Hypokolemic paralysis and megaloblastic anaemia in laurence-moon-bardet-biedl syndrome. Abbasi, Amanullah; Butt, Nazish; Sultan, Baseer; Munir, S.M. E-mail:draman_ullah2000@yahoo.com Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   15 JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 186-188 (10 ref.) Keywords: Bardet-Biedl Syndrome-genetics; Bardet-Biedl Syndrome-epidemiology; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Hypokalemia; Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis Abstract: Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a rare, genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by progressive retinal dystrophy, polydactyly, obesity, hypogonadism, mental retardation, and renal dysfunction. Other manifestations include diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hepatic fibrosis and neurological features. Herein, 2 patients with Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome are described, who had features of persistent hypokalemia and megaloblastic anemia. Behcet Syndrome diagnosis [Internal iliac artery aneurysms in behcet's disease, two cases report] Boujlel, M.; Turki, I.; Lahmandi, Mohamed; Ben Massoued, M.; Nouira, K.; Bassar, S.; Menif, E. La Rabta Central University Hospital - Medical Imaging Department - Tunisia Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 250-251 (16 ref.) Keywords: Behcet Syndrome-complications; Iliac Aneurysm-diagnosis; Iliac Aneurysm-surgery Abstract: Behcet's disease is a vasculitis more frequent in Japan, in the Middle East and in some Mediterranean countries. It is characterized by a classical triad of recurrent uveitis, oral and genital ulcerations. It is a systemic vasculitis affecting predominantly the venous system. Arterial manifestations in Behcet's disease are less common especially aneurysms who may in some cases quickly involve the vital prognosis. We report two cases of Behcet's disease with arterial internal iliac aneurysms complicated in the two patients by a rupture. Benzoic Acid analysis Determination of benzoic acid and salicylic acid in commercial benzoic and salicylic acids ointments by spectrophotometric method. Ahmad, Iqbal; Vaid, Faiyaz H.M. Dubai Pharmacy College Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 18-22 (35 ref.) Keywords: Salicylic Acid-analysis; Ointments; Spectrophotometry; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Abstract: Commercial benzoic acid and salicylic acid ointments have been analyzed for benzoic acid and salicylic acid content by using a spectrophotometric method. Since benzoic acid and salicylic acid exhibit overlapping spectra, absorbance measurements are made at two wavelengths, i.e. 271 nm and 303 nm in ethanol [96%v/v] for simultaneous determination of the two compounds. The method is direct and involves only one step of absorbance measurement in the assay. The precision of the method, based on the analysis of synthetic mixtures of the two compounds, is within 2%. The recoveries of benzoic acid and salicylic acid in the ointments range from 99.9 to 100.6% and 99.5 to 101.3%, respectively and are comparable with those of the USP method [99.8 to 100.5% and 100.2 to 101.7%, respectively]. The proposed method is simple, rapid, precise and convenient for the assay of benzoic acid and salicylic acid in commercial preparations. Bezoars diagnosis [Association of trichobezoard, gastric polyposis and splenomegaly] Jmaa, A.; Boufaid, A.; Golli, L.; Kahlouni, A.; Souguir, A.; Ben Slama, A.; Jmaa, R.; Hasni, I.; Mhiri, M. Soui; Derbal, F.; Ben Ali, A.; Ajmi, S. Sahloul Central University Hospital - Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department - Sousse, Tunisia Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 243-244 (20 ref.) Keywords: Splenomegaly; Polyps; Stomach Diseases IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   16 Abstract: Gastric trichobezoar is a rare disease, usually present as a mass of hair in the stomach, and rarely associated with a gastric polyposis. We report the case of a twenty year old girl admitted in our service to explore a chronic anaemia. Clinical exam reveals an epigastric mass and Splenomegaly. Endoscopy and radiology concluded to a giant trichobezoar with gastric polyps treated by gastrotomy and excision of the mass. Biomedical Research Bibliometric analyses of biomedical research outputs in Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates [1988-2007]. Bissar Tadmouri, Nisrine; Tadmouri, Ghazi O. University of Sharjah - College of Medicine Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 130-139 (43 ref.) Keywords: Bibliometrics Abstract: We assessed the role of bibliometric methods in representing quantitative and qualitative differences in biomedical research outputs in Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates UAE. Data on biomedical research productivity for years 1988-2007 were obtained from PubMed then imported into a specifically designed local database system and normalized to the population size for each country. Data reveal a continuous increase in research production in Lebanon, whereas a plateau phase is observed in the UAE between 1998 and 2007. In Lebanon, most of the citations originated from the capital city of Beirut, mainly the American University of Beirut. Detailed analysis of biomedical research objectives in Lebanon indicate a focus on internal medicine, anesthesiology, surgery, transplantation, medical genetics, pediatrics, obstetrics, neoplasms, and pain management. In the UAE, most of the biomedical publications originate from Al-Ain University. Detailed analysis of biomedical research objectives in the UAE indicate developed interest in pediatrics, obstetrics, clinical dysmorphologies, transplantation, dermatology, diabetes, and consanguinity. Biomedical research outputs quickly recovered in Lebanon following a long war 1974-1992 mainly supported by uninterrupted activities in private higher education institutes. In the UAE, the plateau phase for biomedical research output size could be due to the limitation of most of the research in the country to Al-Ain University. This situation may only improve when other institutes offering biomedical programs engage also in research activities. Birth Weight Gestational weight gain and fetal birth weight in rural regions of Rasht / Iran. Panahandeh, Zahra E-mail:z_panahandeh@yahoo.com Guilan University of Medical Sciences - Department of Community Medicine Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2009; 19 (1): 18-24 (23 ref.) Keywords: Cohort Studies; Poverty Areas; Demography-statistics and numerical data; Weight Gain-physiology; Epidemiologic Measurements; Health Personnel-utilization; Overweight-complications; Thinness-complications; Chi- Square Distribution-utilization; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Institute of Medicine U.S.-organization and administration; Fetal Macrosomia-etiology; Obesity-complications; Body Mass Index; Pregnancy-abnormalities; Pregnancy-physiology Abstract: Proper nutrition during pregnancy is essential for optimal fetal growth. Investigation of the relation between pregnancy weight gain and birth weight in rural regions of Rasht, center of Guilan Province in Iran, was the purpose of this study. In this cohort study, prenatal data of 918 women who attended local health centers with singleton term pregnancies were recorded. Maternal demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, total pregnancy weight gain and birth weight were recorded by health workers. The women were stratified based on their pre-pregnancy body mass index [BMI] into four groups: underweight women, women with normal weight, overweight women and obese women. The relation between weight gain and low birth weight [LBW, birth weight < 2500 g] and macrosomia [birth weight > 4000 g] was studied in these four groups. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, independent t-test, Pearson correlation and logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals. More than 50% of underweight women and women with normal weight and almost 30% of overweight and obese women gained weight less than what is mentioned in the Institute of Medicine [IOM] recommendations. The incidence rate of LBW was 7.1% and that of macrosomia was 5%. Mean weight gain of women with LBW was significantly less than mean weight gain of women who had an infant with a birth weight more than 2500 g [P = 0.002]. Women who gained weight less than the recommended range had higher rate of LBW in their infants [P = 0.01] and the incidence of macrosomia in women with a weight gain above the recommended weight was higher than that in others [P = 0.012]. Pregnancy weight gain less than what is mentioned in the IOM guideline was the only predictor for LBW [OR = 2.79, CI = 1.16-6.73, P = 0.02]. Pregnancy weight gains less than what is mentioned in the IOM recommendation was a significant predictor of LBW, regardless of pre-pregnancy BMI. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   17 Bites and Stings epidemiology Epidemiology of animal bites in Rafsanjan, southeast of Islamic Republic of Iran, 2003-05. Sheikholeslami, N.Z.; Rezaeian, M.; Salem, Z. E-mail:n_sheikholeslam@yahoo.com Rafsanjan Medical School - Department of Infectious Diseases EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 455-457 (8 ref.) Keywords: Incidence; Dogs; Cats; Rabies Vaccines; Tetanus Toxoid-therapeutic use Abstract: The incidence of animal bites in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been increasing in recent years. In a descriptive study of 1542 patients referred to a health centre in Rafsanjan city from 2003 to 2005, the incidence of animal bites in the area was estimated as 180, 195 and 241 per 100 000 in 2003, 2004 and 2005 respectively. Of the patients, 74% were bitten by dogs, 23% by cats and 3% by other animals [monkeys, rats, foxes, bats, donkeys, etc.]. The mean time delay from injury to initial management was 15.1 [SD 29.8] hours. Rabies vaccine was given to 85% of cases, rabies vaccine plus rabies immunoglobulin to 15% and tetanus toxoid vaccine to 66%. Blood Donors Prevalence of HBS Ag virus, anti-hepatitis C virus and anti-HIV among volunteer blood donor in Taiz private hospital, Yemen Republic. Oshaish, Hussein A.; El Shazly, Hewaida; Elabsii, Abdul Rhman Faculty of Medicine - Department of Internal Medicine Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 163-170 (22 ref.) Keywords: Blood-virology; Hepatitis C Antibodies; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Prevalence; HIV; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis B virus Abstract: This sero-epidemiological cross sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection and HIV virus among volunteered blood donors [VBD] in Taiz private hospital, Yemen Republic. The prevalence of HB sAg was 7% and the prevalence in males is double that of females .Prevalence was increasing with age and those settled in rural areas showed nearly double prevalence to those settled urban areas [48/69 Vs 21/69].The HBV prevalence was significantly related to history of previous surgery [p-.0002 after adjustment, odds 3.1]. The prevalence of HCV was about 1% [10 cases only] with one third of them was consistent, with studies done in Sana'a indicating that HBV is the commonest among blood donors. Vaccination campaign, population education about HBV mode of transmission will help in decrease its carrier state. About cases HIV was not reported in this study. Body Height analysis Etiology of short stature in East Azerbaijan, Iran. Shiva, Siamak; Nikzad, Alireza E-mail:shivasiamak@yahoo.com Tabriz University of Medical Sciences - Children Hospital - Department of Pediatrics Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2009; 19 (1): 35-40 (22 ref.) Keywords: Body Height-ethnology; Fetal Growth Retardation-complications; Hypothyroidism-complications; Turner Syndrome-complications; Malnutrition-complications Abstract: Short stature is a common problem encountered by pediatricians and is the most common cause for referral to pediatric endocrinologists. Although most children referred with short stature are normal and classified as normal variants of stature [constitutional growth delay and familial short stature], it may sometimes be the only obvious manifestation of an endocrine or systemic disease. The objective of this study was to assess the characteristics of patients referred to pediatric endocrinology clinic because of short stature and determination of the etiology. Three hundred-seventy nine children and adolescents were studied which referred with short stature to pediatric endocrinology clinic. After complete clinical and paraclinical evaluation and appropriate treatment [if needed], patients were followed for at least six months. From 379 studied patients with a mean age of 9.7 +/- 3.7 years, 192 [50.7%] were girls and 187 [49.3%] boys [P=0.066]; short stature in 132 [34.8%] of patients was not approved. Normal variants of Short stature [familial and constitutional] constituted 53.3% of etiology in short patients. In 11.5% of short patients, IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   18 no obvious etiology was found, and 9.8% were born with intra uterine growth retardation. Other causes were growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, skeletal dysphasia, Turner syndrome, and malnutrition. A great number of children and adolescents referred with short stature to pediatric endocrinology clinics are not really short. Greater than half of short patients are normal variants of Short stature. Stunting among primary-school children: a sample from Baghdad, Iraq. Al Saffar, A.J. E-mail:atheer4867@hotmail.com Al-Nahrain University - College of Medicine - Department of Community Medicine EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 322-329 (24 ref.) Keywords: Growth; Cross-Sectional Studies; Students; Schools; Body Mass Index; Prevalence; Sex Distribution; ge Factors; Thinness; Malnutrition Abstract: The aim of this study was to establish baseline information about the prevalence and distribution of growth deficit [stunting] in a sample of Iraqi schoolchildren from the capital, Baghdad. A cross-sectional descriptive analysis of the growth status of 5286 primary-school children aged 7-12 years [2888 males, 2398 females] was conducted by measuring the prevalence of stunting [height-forage Z-score < -2], and underweight [body mass index-for-age] using the NCHS/WHO and IOTF/WHO cutoff values respectively. The prevalence of stunting only, and concurrent stunting and underweight, were 18.7% and 13.5% respectively, with a slight predominance among girls. The study also demonstrated the progression of height deficit with increasing age. Brain anatomy and histology Evaluation of human brain volume by the tracing technique. Mas, Nuket; Senan, Sevda; Firat, Murat; Tuncel, Murvet; Basar, Ruhgun E-mail:nuketmas@gmail.com Kocatepe University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Anatomy Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 96-97 (5 ref.) Keywords: Organ Size; Aging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging pathology A patient with left hemiparesis, seizure, and development delay on admission. Incecik, Faruk; Herguner, Ozlem M. E-mail:fincecik@yahoo.com Cukurova University - Balcali Hospital - Department of Pediatric Neurology Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 107-108 (3 ref.) Keywords: Hemiplegia; Seizures; Syndrome; Congenital Abnormalities; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Abscess diagnosis Multiple cerebellar Aspergillus abscess in an X-CGD patient. Metin, Ayse; Koker, Mustafa Y.; Ozturk, Mustafa H.; Sensoy, Gulnar E-mail:drametin@gmail.com Ministry of Health - Ankara Diskapi Childrens Hospital - Pediatric of Immunology Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 94-95 (5 ref.) Keywords: Aspergillosis; Cerebellar Diseases; Aspergillosis-pathogenicity; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic; BCG Vaccine; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked; Brain Abscess-etiology; Magnetic Resonance Imaging IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   19 Brain Death Brain death and organ donation in India, where do we stand? A personal experience. Nayak, Pralaya K.; Mahapatra, Ashok K. E-mail:drmichaelpn@rediffmail.com All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Department of Neurosurgery Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 98-99 (5 ref.) Keywords: Tissue and Organ Procurement; Education, Medical Brain Diseases diagnosis Ethylmalonic encephalopathy. Another patient from Kuwait. Ismail, Essam A.; Seoudiy, Tarek M.; Morsi, Eman A.; Ahmad, Ahmad H. E-mail:rsessam@hotmail.com Farwaniya Hospital - The Pediatric Department Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 78-80 (16 ref.) Keywords: Malonates; Mitochondrial Proteins; Brain Diseases-etiology; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abstract: We report a Kuwaiti girl with ethylmalonic encephalopathy. She presented at the age of 4 months with chronic mucoid diarrhea and delayed psychomotor development, and at 6 months she developed myoclonic epilepsy. She was found to have central hypotonia with pyramidal tract signs, acrocyanosis, and petechiae. Plasma lactate level was elevated. Blood spot and urine for organic acids results were consistent with the diagnosis of ethylmalonic encephalopathy. Cerebral MRI showed basal ganglia and white matter changes. Gene mutation study revealed homozygous deletion of exon 4 of the ETHE1 gene. The patient died at 14 months after extensive bronchopneumonia. Our objective is to alert physicians to the existence of such a devastating disease in our community and their role in the early diagnosis in the index patient for proper genetic counseling. Brain Injuries rehabilitation Association between the functional independence measure and Glasgow coma scale regarding the rehabilitation outcomes of traumatic brain injury. Al Jarrah, Muhammed D.; Nazzal, Mahmoud E.; Jamous, Mohammed A.; Azab, Mohammed A.; Maayah, Mikhled F. E-mail:jarrahm@just. edu.jo Jordan University of Science and Technology - Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 41-44 (23 ref.) Keywords: Glasgow Coma Scale; Rehabilitation; Brain Injuries-etiology; Treatment Outcome Abstract: To evaluate the outcomes of early comprehensive rehabilitation protocols for traumatic brain injury [TBI] using the functional independence measure [FIM], and to study the relationship between FIM and Glasgow coma scale [GCS] variables to determine which patients will be best served by rehabilitation therapies. Fifty-one subjects with diagnosed TBI receiving treatment at a single inpatient rehabilitation facility at Jordan University of Science and Technology, Teaching Hospital, Irbid, Jordan were enrolled in this experimental study between August 2006 and February 2008. Of the enrolled subjects, 47 completed the study. The mean age of the participants was 33 years [8 females and 39 males]. Glasgow coma scale was measured on admission. Functional independence measure score was measured on admission and on discharge. According to the GCS, the participants were divided into 3 groups as severe injury [GCS: 3-8 [n = 24]], moderate injury [GCS: 9-12 [n = 12]], and mild or no injury [GCS: 13-15 [n = 11]]. The FIM score and CGS and their relation were evaluated. Evaluation outcomes revealed a significant improvement in FIM scores after rehabilitation compared to the FIM admission [p = 0.00006] in severe TBI. In moderate TBI, the FIM scores were significantly improved [p = 0.0004] after rehabilitation. However, with minimal injury, the FIM scores were not significantly improved [p = 0.15]. Early rehabilitation interventions significantly improved the FIM scores in moderate and severe TBI patients. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   20 Breast Neoplasms classification Age specific histologic types of carcinoma breast in Malaysians. Sheikh, Muhammad Kamil; Khan, Farhat Aziz; Abdul Khalid, Imran Khalid Imran; Kumar, Gokula E-mail:kamilpk2001@yahoo.com University Sains Malaysia - Advanced Medical and Dental Institute JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 201-202 (5 ref.) Keywords: Breast Neoplasms-pathology; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Age Factors; Retrospective Studies Abstract: The influence of age on various histological types of breast cancer at both age <50 years and >50 years to simulate menopause was studied retrospective from 2002 to 2004 in Malaysia. One hundred and fifty five cases were reviewed. Ninety two cases recorded at age < 50 years, 60 [65.2%, 95% CI: 54.6 - 74.8%] were infiltrating ductal carcinoma in 11[12.0%, 95% CI: 6.1-20.4%], ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS] in 9 [9.8%, 95% CI: 4.6-17.8%], medullary carcinoma in 6 [6.5%, 85% CI: 2.4-13.6%], invasive lobular carcinoma in 4 [4.3%, 95% CI: 1.2-10.8%], mucinous carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma in 2 cases [2.2%, 95% CI: 0.3-7.6%]. At > 50 years of age, 63 cases were recorded. Forty seven [74.6%, 95% CI: 62.0- 84.7%] cases were of infiltrating ductal carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ in 9 [14.3%, 95% CI: 6.7-25.4%], mucinous carcinoma in 5 [7.9%, 95% CI: 2.6-17.6%], medullary carcinoma [8.5%] and papillary carcinoma in 1 case each [1.6%, 95% CI: 0.0-8.5%]. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the commonest histology at both age < 50 years and >50 years. drug therapy Dual phase qualitative and quantitative 99mtc-mibi scinfimammography for predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Maseeh-uz-Zaman; Nasir, Zafar; Raza, Tehseen; Hashmi, Hina; Hashmi, Adnan; Fatima, Nosheen E-mail:maseeh.uzzaman@aku.edu Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine [KIRAN] - Department of Nuclear Medicine JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 173-178 (24 ref.) Keywords: Neoadjuvant Therapy-methods; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi-diagnostic use; Radionuclide Imaging; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Cross-Sectional Studies Abstract: To determine the role of dual phase 99mTc-MIBI scintimammography in predicting chemotherapeutic response in breast cancer. Cross-sectional study. Karachi Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine [KIRAN], from September 2004 to March 2005. Female patients with locally advanced breast cancer being planned for the anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included in this study. All subjects received a 740 MBq bolus intravenous injection of 99 mTc-MIBI. Ten minutes and 3 hours post-injection planar images were obtained in prone, lateral and supine positions using double head gamma camera. MIBI washout was scored as follows: >30% as a positive prognostic test [predicting a poor response to chemotherapy] and <30% as negative prognostic test [predicting a good response to chemotherapy]. Qualitative analysis of MIBI scans was also performed and categorized as visual wash-out or no visual washout as apparent on the early and delayed images. The criterion for the good and bad response was the reduction of >50% and <50% in the tumour burden respectively. Accuracy analysis, Chi-square test and Wilcoxan sign rank test were applied. There were 32 females [mean age: 46.3 years; median age 46 years; age range 33-65 years]. Quantitative dual phase 99mTc-MIBI scintimammography was found to be a good predictor of chemotherapeutic response in breast cancer. These were true positive in 8 patients and true negative in 19 patients with sensitivity [Sens.] 72%, specificity [Spec.] 90%, Positive Predictive Value [PPV] 80%, Negative Predictive Value [NPV] 86.5%, p <0.03. Receiver Operating Characteristics [ROC] curve analysis demonstrates 30% as a cut-off value for the wash-out in quantitative dual phase MIBI for the prediction of the chemotherapeutic response. In comparison, qualitative scintimammography had Sens. 82%, Spec. 53%, PPV 29%, NPV 93% and p <0.38. Statistical difference was found between early and delayed uptake ratios in the responders and non-responders. Quantitative dual phase 99mTc-MIBI scintimammography is a simple, reliable, non-invasive and effective tool for predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Furthermore, quantitative assessment is more precise than qualitative [visual wash-out] approach. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   21 economics Breast cancer services at Assiut University Hospital 2004: cost and quality issues. El Gibaly, Omaima; Abdel Salam, Abdel Rady; Shehata, Samir; Abdel Badee, Ashraf Assiut University - Department of Public Health Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 171-180 (14 ref.) Keywords: Health Services-economics; Health Care Costs; Quality of Health Care; Survival Rate; Hospitals, University Abstract: A study was undertaken at Assiut University Hospital in 2004 to describe the processes of service delivery to breast cancer patients and to provide an answer the following question. To what extent are breast cancer services offered cost effective? Cost was estimated by identifying all medical records of breast cancer patients at the General Surgery and at the Oncology Departments for listing the dates admission to inpatient as well as dates of discharge to compute inpatient days at the hospital. Patients receiving chemotherapy were identified from the archived one days admissions at the medical informatics department. The outpatient visits for radiotherapy were also identified from the Oncology Department register for radiotherapy. The WHO estimate of cost of hospital inpatient bed/day and outpatient visit including drugs and investigations was used to estimate the cost of services in Assiut University Hosptial. The estimated total cost of services for 2004 was 572,568 LE. for approximately 201 patients according to number of patients visiting the oncology outpatient for chemotherapy. The average cost /patient was 2848 LE. At each service point different numbers of breast cancer patients were receiving care. Some indirect measures point to the extremely poor stage of the disease for these women; notably more than 50% of the women receiving the radiotherapy are receiving it for palliative care, as they were me astatic patients. Effectiveness in term of survival was not possible to compute as medical records for inpatients are archived only for three years with the current expenditure levels, and lack of an information system can easily link elements and details of care provided with patient outcome, improvements in quality of care are not possible. genetics Penetrance of BRCA1/BRCA2 specific gene mutations in Iranian women with breast cancer. Hashemian, Amir H.; Hajizadeh, Ebrahim; Kazemnejad, Anoshirvan; Atri, Morteza; Mehdipour, Parvin Tarbiat Modares University - Department of Biostatistics Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 41-44 (38 ref.) Keywords: Mutation; Genes, BRCA1; Genes, BRCA2; Genetic Counseling; Penetrance Abstract: To estimate the penetrance of breast cancer genes 1 and 2 BRCA1/BRCA2 specific gene mutations in Iranian women with breast cancer. We conducted this study in the Department of Biostatistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran between January and May 2008. The information was collected from the referral database of the Cancer Clinics, Day General Hospital, Tehran, Iran. We estimated the penetrance of breast cancer in carriers of BRCA1/2 specific gene mutations based on the modified kin-cohort method. Three hundred and forty-five probands were examined for specific mutations of BRCA1/2 genes. The estimated penetrance for the age groups among BRCA1/2 carriers was 31.9% < 50 years and 46.2% >/= 50 years. The reliable information of penetrance is considered important in genetic counseling. The low value of the estimated penetrance in this study might be attributed to the rare mutation in Iranian patients. Establishment and use of a kin-cohort gene databank is proposed as a solution for the preparation of the screening programs and the estimation of the penetrance to help reduce the risk of cancer. mortality Survival of breast cancer in Southern Iran. Heydari, S.T.; Mehrabani, D.; Tabei, S.Z.; Azarpira, N.; Vakili, M.A. E-mail:heydari.st@gmail.com Nemazee Hospital Shiraz - Gastroenterohepatology Research Center - Pars Cancer Registry Center Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention 2009; 2 (1): 51-59 (34 ref.) Keywords: Breast Neoplasms-epidemiology; Survival Rate; Breast Self-Examination; Early Detection of Cancer Abstract: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women in the western world. With breast cancer now affecting one in ten women, it is important to know how this disease burden is shared among women. This study was undertaken to determine the survival rate of breast cancer in southern Iran. From December 2001 to December 2006, among 8000 hospital-based registered cancer cases in southern Iran, 863 individuals with breast cancer entered our study. One, 5, 10 and 15 year-survival rates were estimated by Kaplan Meier function. Mean age at the time of diagnosis of breast cancer was 46.3 years [SD=11.5]. About 25.4% had a previous family history of cancer in their first and 13.8% in their second degree relatives. About 92.5%, 71.3% and 41.4% of breast cancer cases underwent surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, respectively. Nearly 11.7% of patients had a history of exposure to chemical materials. About 32.3% were passive and 19.2% were active smokers. Totally, one, 5, 10 and 15 year-survival rates IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   22 were 97%, 67%, 45% and 25%, respectively. The survival rate had a significant negative correlation with age at the time of diagnosis. The survival rate of women with breast cancer in southern Iran seems to be identical to other parts of the country and stands between western and eastern European countries. radiography Elastography and its role in breast cancer screening. Saleem, Saira E-mail:dsairaijaz@yahoo.co.in King Saud Hospita JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 203-204 (5 ref.) Keywords: Elasticity Imaging Techniques-methods; Ultrasonography, Mammary; Mammography; Early Detection of Cancer Budd-Chiari Syndrome etiology [Budd-chiari syndrome a rare complication of hepatic echinococcosis; about 3 cases] Maamouri, N.; Ben Romdhane, S.; Chouaib, S.; Belkahla, N.; Hmaied, I.; Ben Hariz, F.; Ouerghi, H.; Chaabouni, H.; Nouira, K.; Ben Safta, Z.; Ben Mami, N. La Rabta Hospital - Radiology Department - Tunisia Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 245-248 (10 ref.) Keywords: Budd-Chiari Syndrome-diagnosis; Echinococcosis, Hepatic-complications Abstract: Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation due to the development of echinococcus granulosus in the organism. This disease is particularly frequent in Tunisia where echinococcosis is endemic. Liver is the most common organ to be involved by hydatidosis and several complications have been described. Vascular complications secondary to hepatic echinococcosis such as Budd-Chiari syndrome have rarely been reported. We present herein, three rare cases of hydatid cyst complicated by Budd-Chiari syndrome. The cyst occupied at least two segments of the hepatic dome in all patients and his diameter was 12, 5 cm, 21 cm and 12, 5 cm respectively. According to the Gharbi classification, the cysts were type III in one case and type IV in the two others. The Budd-Chiari syndrome was chronic in one patient and asymptomatic in the two others. His diagnosis was established by abdominal US in two cases, completed by US Doppler and CT angiogram in one patient and by CT angiogram in the other. The diagnosis was established only by CT angiogram in the later case. The Budd-Chiari syndrome was due to compression of two hepatic veins in one case, compression of inferior vena cava in one case and compression of one hepatic vein and inferior vena cava in one case. Laparotomy was performed in all patients. The surgical procedure consisted in resection of the protruding hepatic tissue after puncture aspiration of the cyst in the three cases. The postoperative period was complicated by abscess formation in residual cavity, requiring drainage and by development of ascitis, in one case. Hydatid cyst should be remembered amongst the causes of Budd-Chiari syndrome in countries where the disease is endemic. Conversely, this vascular complication should be looked for routinely in patients with hydatid disease of the liver. Burns epidemiology Epidemiology of burn injuries in west Azerbaijan province, western Iran. Aghakhani, N.; Rahbar, N.; Feizi, A. E-mail:nader1453@umsu.ac.ir Urmia University of Medical Sciences - Department of Nursing IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 85-89 (26 ref.) Keywords: Burns-prevention and control; Burns-complications; Burns-mortality; Burns-etiology; Delivery of Health Care; Incidence; Retrospective Studies Abstract: Burn injuries are in many respects the most of all tragedies an individual can experience. So there was an attempt to quantify the frequency of burn injuries, identify the risk and predisposing factors, determine the health outcomes at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, westen Iran. From March 2005 to March 2006, all demographic and IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   23 epidemiological information of 639 patients [48.36% female and 51.64% male] about the burns and the complications were provided from the records of patients at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Western Azarbaijan Province, westen Iran. The incidence rate of burn hospitalization was 21.6 per 100.000. Almost 31.8% of admissions were in the 16-25 years age group. Pediatric [< 5 years] and geriatric [> 65 Years] burns were [21.6%] and [3.2%], respectively. Burning with flame, the most common cause of burning, accounted for 36.4% of admissions in males and for 43.6% in females. The mortality rate was 25.9%. The percentage of patients who had more than 40% body surface area [BSA] burn was 30.9%. Patients with > 40% BSA burn had a mortality of 76.7%. The mean BSA burn was 33.8% in males and 25.2% in females. Admissions from Urmia were the most among the cities of the province. The mean duration of hospitalization was 7.76 days. The most cases occurred from October 22 to November 22; 10.95% and from Jun 21 to July 21; 9.54%. The results of this study help to guide health care efforts towards the prevention of burn injuries and provide a valuable baseline for assessing future efforts directed toward the prevention of burn injuries. Buxus Evaluation of hair growth activity of Buxus wallichiana Baill extract in rats. Nandeesh, Rudrappa; Kumar, Bagepalli Srinivasa Ashok; Lakshman, Kuruba; Khan, Saleemulla; Swamy, Vantoor Byrappa Narayana; Bharathi, Tathireddy; Ganapathy, Seru Sree Siddhaganga College of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacognosy Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2009; 11 (4): 236-241 (25 ref.) Keywords: Plant Extracts-pharmacology; Hair-growth and development; Antioxidants; Rats, Wistar Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant and hair growth activities of Buxus wallichiana Baill [Buxaceae]. Petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Buxus wallichiana subjected to antioxidant activity by; 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl and nitric oxide methods. Methanol extract of Buxus wallichiana at 50, 100 mg/kg, ointment of methanol extract at 5 and 10% used for the evaluation of hair growth property. Methanol extract showed potential antioxidant activity. Methanol extract at 100 mg/kg showed consistent and significant increase in mean score of hair growth from day 3 to day 24. Whereas 50 mg/kg increased the mean score significantly, only from day 15 to day 24. When methanol extract at 10% applied topically, significant increase in mean hair score observed only from day 15, but at 5% showed considerable increase in mean hair score only from day 21 and 24, when compared to the control. Conclusion The result of this study suggests that Methanol extract of Buxus wallichiana possess good antioxidant and hair growth activity. C-Reactive Protein diagnostic use C-reactive protein: a useful marker for guiding duration of antibiotic therapy in suspected neonatal septicaemia? Al Zwaini, E.J. E-mail:Baghdad, Iraq Baghdad University - Al-Kindi Medical College - Department of Paediatrics EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 269-275 (35 ref.) Keywords: Sepsis-drug therapy; Time; Anti-Bacterial Agents-administration and dosage; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal Abstract: The study aimed to determine whether serum C-reactive protein [CRP] levels can be used to identify when antibiotics can safely be discontinued in cases of suspected neonatal septicaemia. Neonates with suspected neonatal septicaemia treated at a hospital in Al Ramadi city, Iraq, in 2005 had serum CRP and blood cultures [the gold standard] done at admission and at 48 hours, 4 days and 6 days after starting treatment. Of the 55 neonates, CRP was </= 6 mg/L at 48 hours in 37 [67.3%] and antibiotics could be stopped in 32 [82.5%], i.e. when blood culture was negative. The moderate sensitivity [78%] and negative predictive value [86%] of serum CRP in this study suggest that this test alone cannot be used for guiding duration of antibiotic treatment for neonatal sepsis. Caffeine Combined effect of chemical enhancers and ultrasound on the skin permeation of caffeine. Borg, Thanaa M.E. Mansoura University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutics Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 2008; 31: 281-292 (26 ref.) IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   24 Keywords: Skin Physiological Phenomena; Permeability; Risk Factors; Ultrasonography; Ethanol; Rabbits; Models, Animal Abstract: The combined effect of 800 kHz ultrasound with 2W/cm[2] intensity and chemical enhancers on the skin permeation of caffeine was investigated using excised ear rabbit skin. Menthol, laurocapram [Azone], isopropyl myristate and ethanol were selected as enhancers. Caffeine permeation was increased upon incorporation of all enhancers. The steady state fluxes were 05.69, 10.13, 22.42 and 25.06 micro g/cm[2] per h with enhancement factor equals 1.38, 2.458, 5,44] and 6.083 for 40% EtOH, 10% 1PM, 3% AZ and 5% M, respectively. Combined application of ultrasound and enhancers increased the skin permeation rate [flux] of caffeine compared with ultrasound or enhancers alone. The enhancement factor equals 1.485, 4.514, 78.572, and 48.610 for 40% EOH 10% IPM, 3% AZ and 5% M respectively. Better effects were obtained by the combination with 5% M. The influence of detailed conditions of ultrasound and enhancer applications on the caffeine flux was further investigated using 5% M, Caffeine fluxes were, 95.254, 115.368 and 200.06 micro g/cm[2] per h upon application of ultrasound for 10, 30, and 60 min respectively. The enhancement effect by this combination was increased with an increase in ultrasonic application duration, suggesting that these conditions might be used to achieve the controlled drug delivery. A pretreatment experiment with ultrasound or 5% M was carried out, and the drug content was measured to understand the role of ultrasound in the combined effect. Pretreatment of the skin with ultrasound increased the caffeine flux, while the effect of pretreatment with 5% M on the skin was similar to that of untreated skin. The results obtained suggested that simultaneous application of ultrasound and enhancers is essential to obtain the pronounced effect for transdermal as well as for topical delivery of caffeine though the skin. Carcinoma, Hepatocellular drug therapy Characterization and resistance mechanisms of cisplatin-resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Yang, Jun Xia; Luo, Ying; Qiu, Hong Mei; Tang, Wei Xue E-mail:yangjunxial234@126.com Chongqing Medical University - Department of Pharmacology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 35-40 (26 ref.) Keywords: Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Cisplatin-therapeutic use; Cell Line, Tumor; Liver Neoplasms Abstract: To study the biological characteristics and resistant mechanisms of the cisplatin-resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma HCC cell line. The study took place in the Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, between April 2005 and November 2007. A resistant HCC cell line QGY/CDDP was established by stepwise increasing cisplatin CDDP concentration and intermittent administration. Drug-chemo sensitivity was detected by 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT assay. Cell doubling time was determined by cell counting, and cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometric FCM assay. Intracellular platinum accumulation was detected by atomic absorption spectrometry and the expression of P-glycoprotein P-gp and glutathione S-transferase-pi GST-pi were analyzed by FCM assay. QGY/CDDP cell line was established after 3 months with stable resistance to CDDP and exhibited cross-resistance to many other chemotherapeutic agents. Compared with parental cell line, cell doubling time of QGY/CDDP prolonged; and the cell proportion decreased in S and G2/M-phase and increased in G0/G1-phase. In QGY/CDDP cells, intracellular platinum accumulation decreased and GST-pi expression increased, but P-gp expression kept stable. QGY/CDDP cell line shows the typical and stable resistant phenotype and characteristics of resistant cells. Its mechanisms of resistance to CDDP may be mediated by reduced accumulation of intracellular platinum and higher GST-pi expression, but it is not associated with P-gp expression. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome diagnosis F-ratio, a surrogate marker of carpal tunnel syndrome. Husain, Ashraf; Omar, Syed A.; Habib, Syed S.; Al Drees, Abdul Majeed; Hammad, Durdana E-mail:ashrafhusain31@hotmail.com King Saud University - King Khalid University Hospital - Department of Physiology Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 19-24 (21 ref.) Keywords: Electrodiagnosis; Retrospective Studies; Median Nerve IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   25 Abstract: To explore the correlation of F-ratio and F-wave minimal latency [FWML] in carpal tunnel syndrome [CTS]. This retrospective study was conducted from January 2006 to January 2007 at the clinical physiology lab, King Abdul- Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Motor and sensory nerve conduction studies, FMW latencies of median and ulnar nerves, and F-ratio were carried out in 54 CTS patients and 30 controls. Out of 54 CTS patients, there were 14 were males [26%], and 40 females [74%], CTS was bilateral in 32 [59%], and unilateral in 22 [41%] patients. Fifty- one patients [94.4%] had involvement of the right hand, 28 patients [51.8%] had dyslipidemia and 20 patients [37%] had hypertension. The FWML [ms] in the right median nerve was 25.46 +/- 2.2, and 25.79 +/- 1.7 in the right ulnar nerve in the control group [p = 0.5224], while it was 29.1 +/- 3.35 in the right median nerve and 26.46 +/- 4.35 in the right ulnar nerve in patients with CTS [p = 0.0008]. A similar statistically significant increase in the median nerve latency was observed in the left hand. A statistically significant reduction in the F-ratio was found consistently in all patients with CTS in both the hands [p = 0.0001]. The present study reveals prolongation of FWML in the median nerve, and a statistically significant reduction of F-ratio in all CTS patients. A significant inverse correlation was found between FWML and F-ratio in CTS patients. Both FWML and F-ratio support the diagnosis of CTS. Cerebral Cortex drug effects The effect of bioGlue on cerebral cortex in experimental rats. Rakei, S.M.; Rahmanian, A.; Safarian, A.; Azarpira, N.; Mehrabani, D. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - Department of Neurosurgery IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 61-65 (18 ref.) Keywords: Proteins-analogs and derivatives; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive-therapeutic use; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive- adverse effects; Meninges; Rats, Wistar; Gliosis-etiology; Gliosis-chemically induced Abstract: BioGlue is a newly introduced sealant applied by several cardiovascular surgeons to seal graft anastomoses. This study was carried out to determine the effect of a synthetic BioGlue on the repair of meninges in comparison with contemporary bioadhesives. A synthetic BioGlue was provided by combining 45% human serum albumin and 10% glutaraldehyde. Forty Wistar female rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups [Two case and two control groups]. After craniotomy, dural incision was performed and the motor cortex was exposed. In the case group, the motor cortex was exposed to BioGlue and in the control group, the incision was closed without application of BioGlue. The rats were studied histpathologically after 5 and 14 days postcraniotomy. Synthetic BioGlue caused an acute inflammatory response that resulted in a delayed gliosis in the superficial cerebral cortex, but the deep layers and adjacent areas of cortex were spared. Inflammatory changes and gliosis did not cause cell apoptosis or necrosis. Histopathological changes did not have any clinical significance as they were not accompanied by any neurological deficit or motor weaknesses and exposure to synthetic BioGlue could not cause any clinically significant neurological deficit either. The simplicity of producing this new synthetic BioGlue and its relative low cost, compared to other similar glues, opens a new horizon to the use of this synthetic BioGlue in the neurosurgical field. Cesarean Section statistics and numerical data Hospital-based caesarean section in the Arab region: an overview. Khawaja, M.; Choueiry, N.; Jurdi, R. E-mail:mk36@aub.edu.lb American University of Beirut - Faculty of Health Sciences - Center for Research on Population and Health EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 458-469 (49 ref.) Keywords: Demography; Arabs; Socioeconomic Factors; Health Surveys; Risk Factors; Age Factors; Educational Status Abstract: This article provides an overview of hospital-based rates of caesarean delivery in 18 Arab countries and the association between these rates and selected demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Data on caesarean section were based on 2 of the most recent national hospital-based surveys in each country and on published studies based on hospital samples. High levels of caesarean delivery were found in Egypt [26% in 2003], followed by Sudan [20% in 1993]. Six countries and the West Bank area of Palestine had rates > 15% and 11 countries and Gaza had rates between 5% and 15%. The findings indicate an increasing trend of caesarean section delivery in the region. Policies aiming at reducing surgical deliveries should seek to identify and address these risk factors. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   26 Chediak-Higashi Syndrome diagnosis Chediak higashi syndrome: Report of a case with an accelerated phase and review of literature. Al Terkait, Nada; Sadek, Sherif A.; Al khaledi, Duaa Al Sabah Hospital - Department of Pediatrics KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (1): 59-62 (19 ref.) Keywords: Fever; Pancytopenia; Lymphatic Diseases; Review Literature as Topic; Hepatomegaly; Splenomegaly; Methylprednisolone-therapeutic use; Bone Marrow Transplantation Abstract: Chediak-Higashi syndrome [CHS] is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by partial albinism, recurrent pyogenic infection and large granules in all granule-containing cells. We present a case of 1 1/2 year- old non Kuwaiti boy who presented in the accelerated phase of CHS with fever, pancytopenia, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. High dose of methylprednisolone and sandglobulin were given for treatment of the accelerated phase with clinical response to the therapy. Unfortunately, allogenic bone marrow transplantation for HLA-matched father was postponed as the procedure is not available in Kuwait and could not be done abroad because of financial reasons. Child Abuse Child maltreatment: behaviors of mothers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Ibrahim, Nahla Khamis R.; Hijazi, Nariman; Milaat, Waleed; Eftekhar, Rahela King Abdul Aziz University - Faculty of Medicine - Family and Community Medicine Department Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 169-177 (47 ref.) Keywords: Mothers; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Questionnaires; Maternal Behavior; Cross-Sectional Studies Abstract: Cross-cultural research has shown that children throughout the world experience various forms of violence. Important to tackling child maltreatment problem is an understanding of the mechanisms contributing to abusive parenting. The present study aims to investigate child disciplinary and maltreatment practices, and to determine the predictors of mothers' severe physical maltreatment practices against their children aged < 18 years. Twenty-five female primary schools in Jeddah were selected during the educational year 2007/2008, with invitation of students' mothers to participate in the study. A total of 537 mothers fulfilled confidentially, anonymous, self administered questionnaire. The Standardized Arabic Version of Child Abuse Screening Tool for Parents was used to inquire about the disciplinary and maltreatment practices, during the 12 months preceded the study. Results revealed that discussing / explaining [96.8%] was the commonest non-abusive mothers' disciplinary behavior. On the other hand, high proportions of mothers practiced child maltreatment; 96.3%, 89% and 56.8% employed at least one kind of emotional, moderate and severe physical maltreatment, respectively. While, 10.1% of mothers reported that their children were exposed to negligence. Shouting / yelling [91.4%], pinching [60.7%] and hitting the child, not on buttock, with objects [42.3%] were the most prevalent mothers' emotional, moderate and severe physical maltreatment, respectively. Results of regression analysis indicated that children aggressive behavior [aOR = 2.32; 95% Cl: 1.55-3.46], mothers' age < 30 years, and non-university graduated mothers were the independent predictors of mothers' severe physical maltreatment practice. In conclusion, mothers practiced high percentages of child maltreatment Establishing parenting classes, institution of family education intervention for teens, and construction of television and web-based educational programs on sound parenting skills are recommended. An intervention educational program on child maltreatment implemented for female teachers in Jeddah primary schools. Ibrahim, Nahla Khamis; Jalali, Ekram; Al Ahmadi, Jawaher; Rady, Mervat King Abdul Aziz University - Faculty of Medicine - Family and Community Medicine Department Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 133-144 (32 ref.) Keywords: Teaching; Schools; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Child; Health Education; Awareness; Questionnaires Abstract: Child maltreatment is a complex problem and its prevention requires action on many fronts. Teachers spend many hours a day with children and they are likely to be concerned about child maltreatment at some time during their career. This study was carried out to explore knowledge, attitudes, and practice [KAP], and to raise awareness of teachers with respect to child maltreatment. An intervention educational program was performed, 2008, for 498 female teachers selected through multistage stratified random sample technique from 25 primary Jeddah schools. Health education was conducted using audiovisual aids and pre-designed educational materials [folder, 5 colored brochures booklet, computer CD and gifts] were given to participants. Five educational posters with different themes were distributed in the visited schools. Results showed that 33.9% and 23.0% of teachers reported using IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   27 emotional and physical punishment with own their children, respectively. Only, 8.2% reported the authorities when discovering a student exposed to maltreatment. The mean teachers' knowledge score was low before the program and significantly improved after it [Paired t = 25.4, P < 0.000]. The highest percentage of knowledge gain score was noticed for indicators of sexual maltreatment, risk factors, and impact of maltreatment. Concerning attitude, considerable changes in most of teachers opinion regarding child maltreatment was found after program. It is concluded from the current study that there was lack of teachers' awareness regarding child maltreatment before the program and educational program was successful in improving it. There is an urgent need for standardized education and training programs for teachers on child maltreatment. Chitosan In vitro binding of lipid [olive oil and ghee] with chitosan under the conditions mimicking the gastrointestinal tract. Izani, N.J. Noor; Rafiquzzaman, Md.; Aidah, M.D. Nur; Rafi, M. Mohd E-mail:noorizani@kck.usm.my University Sains Malaysia - School of Health Sciences SPJ - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2009; 17 (1): 78-84 (22 ref.) Keywords: Plant Oils; Dietary Fats; Gastrointestinal Tract-physiology Abstract: An in vitro binding study of chitosan with lipid was carried out under the conditions mimicking the gastrointestinal tract, with special reference to the pHs of stomach and duodenum. Olive oil and ghee were used to represent lipid components of diet, and chitosan [treated and untreated] was used to bind with the mentioned lipids. The results obtained from this study showed that the treated chitosan gave better binding to lipid [olive oil or ghee] compared with the untreated chitosan. Chitosan [treated or untreated] showed higher affinity towards olive oil than ghee. Incubation period accompanied with shaking also influenced the binding of lipid to chitosan and the maximum binding was attained after 2.5 hrs of incubation. The ratio of chitosan to lipid used was found to affect the amount of lipid bound per gram of chitosan. Olive oil bound per gram of chitosan was 4.6 +/- 0.28 -7.1 +/- 0.14 g while ghee was 3.6 +/- 0.28 - 6.2 +/- 0.28 g under 1:100 experimental ratio of chitosan to lipid, and shaking for 2.5 hrs at physiological temperature of 37°C. Consideration of pKa value suggests that the predominated form of chitosan at duodenal pH [- 7.0] is uncharged chitosan, which is precipitated along with the lipid adsorbed onto it. Chronic Disease prevention and control Rationale, methods and first results of the Iranian national programme for prevention of chronic diseases from childhood: CASPIAN Study. Motlagh, M.E.; Kelishadi, R.; Ardalan, G.; Gheiratmand, R.; Majdzadeh, R.; Heidarzadeh, A. Ministry of Health and Medical Education - Bureau of Family Health EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 302-314 (35 ref.) Keywords: National Health Programs-utilization; National Health Programs-methods; Schools; Health Surveys; Students; Parents; Population Surveillance; Health Knowledge; Attitude; Blood Glucose; Anthropometry; Lipids-blood; Life Style; Questionnaires Abstract: The CASPIAN Study aims to implement a school-based surveillance system for prevention of noncommunicable diseases from childhood in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The baseline survey was conducted from November 2003 to May 2004 in 23 provinces among 21 111 school students aged 6-18 years and their parents. The data collected included: birth weight and current anthropometric measurements; dietary and exercise habits; family history of chronic diseases; and knowledge about prevention. Fasting blood sugar and lipid profile were assessed in a subsample of 4811 students. Cinchona metabolism In vitro hepatic metabolism of cinchona antimalarials by hamster enzymes. Al Tayib, Yousuf Abdulmalik Al Taif University - Faculty of Sciences - Department of Chemistry IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   28 Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2009; 5 (1): 17-25 (34 ref.) Keywords: Cinchona Alkaloids; Antimalarials; Cricetinae; Quinidine-metabolism; Aldehyde Oxidase; Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Abstract: Cinchona alkaloids [quinidine and cinchonine] were incubated with aldehyde oxidase and microsomal monooxygenases from hamster liver. Reversed-phase HPLC method was used to separate quinidine and cichonine from their metabolites. Characterisation of the metabolites arising from aldehyde oxidase by infrared and mass spectral analysis, exhibited that quinidine and cinchonine were oxidised to the corresponding 2'-quinolones. In vitro microsomal metabolites of quinidine were identified as 2'-quinidinone and O-desmethylquinidine. Incubation of cinchonine with microsomal enzymes showed that no metabolites were generated. Ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics Comparative bioequivalence and pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in healthy male subjects. Khan, Muhammad Khalid; Khan, Muhammad Farid E-mail:saudryu@hotmail.com Gomal University - Faculty of Pharmacy Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 1-7 (29 ref.) Keywords: Therapeutic Equivalency Abstract: Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence studies of two ciprofloxacin tablet brands [trial batch of ciprofloxacin [Test] and Reference] were conducted in 14 healthy male volunteers after oral administration. Each brand [test and reference] consisted of 500 mg of ciprofloxacin. The drug was analyzed in plasma samples with a microbiological assay using Streptococcus faecalis as test organism. The elimination half-life of 3.00 +/- 0.21 and 3.28 +/- 0.11 h was calculated for both brands. The peak plasma concentrations of [3.59 +/- 0.26 ug/mL] and [3.34 +/- 1.20 ug/mL] was attained in about 1.48 +/- 0.11 hour and 1.47 +/- 0.05 for both Test and Reference ciprofloxacin respectively. The mean +/- SE values for total area under the curve [AUC O-infinity] were 26.15 +/- 1.35, and 24.95 +/- 0.93 hmg/1 for both test and reference tablets respectively. The mean +/- SE values of clearance were 24.83 +/- 1.63 and 24.73 +/- 1.11 1/h for both formulations respectively. The ratio of elimination rate constant Kel [l/h] was 1.14 percent difference between the test and reference tablets and likewise, half-life [t1/2beta] expressed in hours showed the ratio of 0.91 percent. This study indicated that all the pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence parameters for both ciprofloxacin formulations are statistically non-significant, hence both formulations are bioequivalent. Circumcision, Female adverse effects Impact of anti-female genital mutilation [FGM] intervention on attitude and self-efficacy of women and youth girls to abandon this practice. El Gibaly M.H., Omaima Assiut University - Department of Public health Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 121-132 (17 ref.) Keywords: Behavior; Attitude; Self Efficacy; Women Abstract: The National Council for Childhood and Motherhood [NCCM] launched an Female Genital Mutilation [FGM] free village project in 2003 to eliminate FGM practice among girls in Egypt. An interim evaluation survey completed by Population Council WestAsia and North Africa office WANA followed in 2006. The complexity of FGM/C behavioural change and involvement of multiple players in decision making directs us to explore other dimensions of the decision- making process of individuals; namely perceived self-efficacy to abandon FGM. Perceived self-efficacy is concerned with people's beliefs in their capabilities to produce given attainments, it has rarely been documented in relation to anti- FGM activities. To identify a change in attitude, self-efficacy, intention among adult -women and youth girls following the project, Using actual practice as a gold standard, verifying these changes. Mid-term survey data of [Moslem villages] was included in this analysis. 305 woman having a daughter between 7-13 years in 9 randomly selected intervention villages were compared with 203 woman in 6 control villages. Also, 288 and 189 single girls 16-24 were successfully interviewed in the intervention and control sites respectively. Both adult women and young girls 16-24 in the intervention group showed significant differences in attitude, intention, and self-efficacy against FGM. These changes are complex in interpretation when compared to behavior towards daughters. The results will assist project managers in understanding [readiness to change] of women and girls towards slopping Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting [FGM/[C]. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   29 Clausena Effect of clausena dent at a [WILLD.] M. Roem. against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Rajesh, S.V.; Rajkapoor, B.; Kumar, R. Senthil; Raju, K. E-mail:rajesh_botany@yahoo.com Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women - Department of Botany Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 90-93 (21 ref.) Keywords: Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts-therapeutic use; Acetaminophen-toxicity; Liver-drug effects; Rats, Wistar; Liver-pathology Abstract: Ethanol extract of Clausena dentata [Willd.] M. Roem [Rutaceae] was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in rats. The plant extract [250 mg/kg, p.o.] showed a remarkable hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity as judged from the serum markers for liver damage. Acetaminophen induced a signi-ficant rise in aspartate amino transferase [AST], alanine amino transferase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], total bilirubin, gamma glutamate transpeptidase [GGTP] and decrease in total protein. Treatment of rats with ethanol extract [250 mg/kg] significantly [P < 0.001] altered serum marker enzymes levels to near normal against acetaminophen treated rats. The activity of the extract was comparable to the standard drug, silymarin [50 mg/kg, p.o.]. Histopathological changes of liver sample were compared with respective control. Results indicate that Clausena dentata possesses hepatoprotective effect on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Cleome Effect of the methanolic extract of Cleome chelidonii on drug metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant status and chemomodulatory efficacy in mice. Parimalakrishnan, S.; Dey, Akalanka; Manavalan, R. E-mail:kalki.vijay@yahoo.co.in Annamalai University - Department of Pharmacy Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2009; 5 (1): 37-46 (39 ref.) Keywords: Capparaceae; Plant Extracts; Methanol; Antioxidants; NADPH Dehydrogenase [Quinone]; Glutathione Transferase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mice; Liver Abstract: The effect of the methanolic extract of Cleome chelidonii [CCME] was examined on the activities of Phase- I and Phase- II drug metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, LDH and LPO in the liver of mice. Anticarcinogenic potential studied by using DMBA induced forestomach and TPA promoted skin papillomagenesis model. The study showed that the extract was able to induce the hepatic activity of Phase-II enzyme glutathione S-transferase [P < 0.005]. DTdiaphorase activity was also increased [P < 0.005]. CCME was augmented mainly the Phase II enzyme activity that is associated with detoxification of xenobiotics, while inhibiting the Phase I enzyme activity. There was an induction in antioxidant level that correlates with the significant reduction of LPO and LDH formation. However, the levels of the two enzymes were significantly reduced [P < 0.005] in the forestomach, kidney and lungs of treated animals. CCME have shown significant reduction on antioxidant enzyme response. Reduced glutathione was significantly elevated in liver [P < 0.05] and in extrahepatic organs [P < 0.05]. The CCME revealed a chemopreventive response as shown by the significant inhibition of tumor burden [P < 0.05]. Coffea microbiology Mycoflora, mycotoxins, bacteriological analysis and molecular assay of some bacterial species from coffee beans in Saudi Arabia. Nasser, Laila A. Riyadh University for Girls Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 2008; 31: 345-373 (87 ref.) Keywords: Coffee-micobiology; Mycotoxins; Aspergillus niger; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus fumigatus; Aflatoxin B1; Aflatoxin M1; Bacillus cereus; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Seeds Abstract: The mycoflora analysis of some coffee beans in Saudi Arabia showed a wide range of fungal contamination in 31 samples collected from different markets in El-Riyadh. Thirty four species belonging to 16 genera and 28 species belonging to 18 genera were isolated from coffee beans on glucose and cellulose Czapek's agar medium at 25°C from seed-plate method. Aspergillus niger and A. flavus were the most prevalent species, but IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   30 Penicilliun oxalicum was isolated in moderate occurrence, while 12 genera comprised 16 species and 8 genera comprised 10 species were isolated on the same types of media at 25°C from seed suspension method. A. niger was the most common species, while A. flavus and P. funiculosum were isolated in moderate occurrence. A. niger, also was the most prevalent on 20% sucrose-Czapek's agar medium at 25°C, but the genus Eurotium [3 spp] appeared in moderate occurrence. Five fungal species belonging to four genera were isolated on starch yeast extract agar medium at 45°C. A. fumigatvs and A. niger were the most prevalent thermo tolerant species, while three species of thermophilic fungi were of low or rare incidence. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of chloroform extracts of 31 coffee beans samples revealed that 20 samples were free from mycotoxins, while 11 samples were contaminate with aflatoxins B[1], B[2], G[1] and G[2] of concentrations ranged from 110-600 micro g/kg, but 6 samples were contaminate with sterigmatocystin ranged from 60-600 micro g/kg. Screening of the characteristic mycotoxins of 25 fungal isolates revealed that 17 of them produced, aflatoxin B[1] at 450 micro g/kg, ochratoxin A at 600 micro g/kg, ochratoxin B at 400 micro g/kg, and sterigmatocystin 280 micro g/kg from Aspergillus species, while three isolates of Penicillium produced penicillic acid [ranged from 720-240 micro g/kg] and one isolate of Trichoderma produced Trichodermine at 360 micro g/kg. The bacteriological analysis of the coffee bean samples indicated that Bacillus cereus was detected in six samples at levels [2x10 cfu/g], E. coli in two samples [14x10 and 89x10 cfu/g], Feacal coliform was detected in one sample only, while Staphylococcus appeared in 29 samples [55x103 cfu/g]. All samples were free from Salmonella. PCR assay for detection of some bacterial species revealed that all samples were negative for Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter and Listeria monocytogenes, while the results of B. cereus and Salmonella were similar to the results obtained using cultural method. Colon abnormalities Congenital pouch colon from Al Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia - A changing demography? Pal, Kamalesh E-mail:kamalesh_pal@hotmail.com King Faisal University - King Fahad Hospital - Department of Surgery College of Medicine KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (1): 39-42 (13 ref.) Keywords: Colonic Diseases-congenital; Demography; Congenital Abnormalities; Disease Management; Retrospective Studies; Colonic Diseases-surgery Abstract: To study the demography, anatomy and management of congenital pouch colon [CPC] in the Al -Ahsa region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [KSA]. Retrospective descriptive analysis of CPCs was made with regard to patient demography, pre- and intra-operative diagnostic features and initial neonatal management. Maternity and Children Hospital, Al-Ahsa region, KSA. Records of all children with anorectal malformations [ARM] treated between August 2004 and August 2007 were reviewed. Out of the 37cases of ARMs, seven were diagnosed as CPCs. Records were analysed for perineal findings, X-ray abdomen and invertogram [when indicated], abdominal ultrasound, type of pouch, division of any urinary fistula, and surgical management. Six out of seven CPCs were among Saudi nationals belonging to Al-Ahsa region. The male to female ratio was 4:3. Six were type IV and one was type III pouch. Preoperative diagnoses were made in two cases by radiology and all cases showed classic anatomical features of CPC intra-operatively. 71% had associated anomalies. Excision of pouch and end colostomy was done in three, loop stoma was done in two and excision of pouch with neonatal pull-through was done in two cases. CPCs are recently being increasingly reported in Saudi nationals. Adequate awareness about radiological, anatomical and histological features would lead to correct diagnosis and reporting. Appropriate neonatal management would prevent pouch related morbidity. Collective data from multiple centers across the Arab peninsula will help define the demographic pattern of this entity in the region. Colorectal Neoplasms epidemiology Colorectal cancer prevalence according to survival data in Iran 2007. Esna Ashari, F.; Sohrabi, M.R.; Abadi, A.R.; Mehrabian, A.A.; Mofid, B.; Bohluii, M.; Akbari, M.E. Shahid Beheshti University [MC] - Cancer Research Center Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention 2009; 2 (1): 15-18 (13 ref.) Keywords: Prevalence; Survival Rate Abstract: Colorectal cancer is a common [5000 new cases per year in Iran] and lethal disease. Regarding the high incidence [7 cases per 100000] and survival rate of colorectal cancer and the priority of prevalence index in cancer management, in this study, 1, 2-3 and 4-5 year point prevalence were determined according to survival data. In this IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   31 study, survival and incidence data were used for the determination of cancer prevalence. Incidence data were extracted from cancer registry in Iran and survival data were determined during a descriptive study through the follow up of 2342 colorectal cancer patients. 1, 2-3 and 4-5 year point prevalence were estimated from incidence rates in different years and the proportion of patients surviving 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 year[s] from diagnosis. Proportion of cases surviving 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 year[s] from diagnosis were 79.2%, 65.08%, 57.36%, 51.76% and 48.87%, respectively. Estimates of 1, 2-3 and 4-5 year prevalence were 4156, 5715 and 4283, respectively. The cumulative 5 year prevalence was 13954 cases. These estimates of 1, 2-3 and 4-5 year prevalence are applicable to the evaluation of initial treatment, clinical follow-up and point of cure, respectively. Therefore, 1, 2-3 and 4-5 year point prevalence estimates are necessary in health service planning for cancer management. surgery Role of systemic inflammatory response in prognosis and survival after curative resection of colorectal cancer. Eweis, Mohamed Korany; Mostafa, Tarek A. Assiut University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Surgery Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 39-42 (9 ref.) Keywords: C-Reactive Protein; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome; Survival Rate; Postoperative Period; Follow-Up Studies; Prognosis; Abdomen; Tomography, X-Ray Computed Abstract: Some studies have shown that the presence of a systemic inflammatory response, as evidenced by raised circulating concentrations of C. reactive protein [CRP] predicted recurrence and overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the inflammatory response and prognosis and survival in patients undergoing potentially curative resection for colorectal cancer. 90 patients considered to have undergone curative resection were studied. Circulating CRP concentration was measured before and after operation. The majority of patients were aged 65 years or more, had colonic tumours and Dukes stage B lesions. 23 patients had raised preoperative value, 11 [47.8%] of them, had raised concentration after operation. 67 patients with a normal preoperative value, 60 [89.5%] of them had normal postoperative value. During follow up, 17 [18.8%] patients developed recurrence and 25 [27. 7%] died. In patients who have undergone potentially curative resection for colorectal cancer the presence of a systemic inflammatory response predicts a poor outcome. Congenital Abnormalities microbiology Possible role of TORCH agents in congenital malformations in Gorgan, northern Islamic Republic of Iran. Golalipour, M.J.; Khodabakhshi, B.; Ghaemi, E. E-mail:mjgolalipour@yahoo.com Gorgan University of Medical Sciences - Gorgan Congenital Malformations Research Centre EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 330-336 (25 ref.) Keywords: Congenital Abnormalities-etiology; Toxoplasmosis, Congenital-epidemiology; Rubella virus; Cytomegalovirus Infections-congenital; Cross-Sectional Studies; Immunoglobulin G-blood; Mothers; Cleft Palate- epidemiology; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Immunoglobulin M-blood; Neural Tube Defects-epidemiology Abstract: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out to explore the frequency of contamination with TORCH agents in neonates with congenital malformations in a referral centre in Gorgan city, Islamic Republic of Iran. Blood samples were taken from 64 neonates and their mothers over a 20-month period in 2003-04. Serologic tests showed that 4/64 infants born with congenital malformations [6%] had positive IgM antibody titres for Toxoplasma gondii [2 cases], rubella virus [1 case] and cytomegalovirus [1 case]. IgM was positive in 9/63 mothers [14%], also for T. gondii [3 cases], rubella virus [3 cases] and cytomegalovirus [3 cases]. No cases of herpes simplex virus type II or Treponema pallidum were found. Contraception Knowledge and practice of university students in Lebanon regarding contraception. Barbour, B.; Salameh, P. Lebanese University - Faculty of Public Health Section II EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 387-399 (16 ref.) IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   32 Keywords: Knowledge; Students; Universities; Cross-Sectional Studies; Questionnaires; Condoms-utilization; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Sexually Transmitted Diseases Abstract: We evaluated knowledge and practice of Lebanese university students regarding contraception in a cross- sectional, comparative study on students in public and private universities using an Arabic language self-administered questionnaire. We found low levels of knowledge of contraception. The majority of males [73.3%] and a few females [21.8%] declared previous sexual relations: the majority of males had used a condom [86.1%], but females had generally not used contraceptives [75.6%]. Copper Sulfate poisoning Acute renal failure due to copper sulfate poisoning; a case report. Mortazavi, Fakhrossadat; Jafari Javid, Ahmad E-mail:Mortazavi_fakhri@yahoo.co.uk Tabriz University of Medical Sciences - Children's Hospital - Department of Pediatrics Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2009; 19 (1): 75-78 (13 ref.) Keywords: Copper Sulfate-adverse effects; Copper Sulfate-blood; Copper Sulfate-therapeutic use; Copper Sulfate- toxicity; Kidney Failure, Acute-etiology; Kidney Failure, Acute-therapy; Dimercaprol-therapeutic use; Peritoneal Dialysis-rtilization; Penicillamine-therapeutic use; Blood Component Transfusion-utilization; Carea-etiology; Shock- etiology Abstract: Copper sulfate is a blue and odorless salt with various industrial, chemical, agricultural and medicinal applications. Copper sulfate poisoning is rare in children. A 23-month old boy accidentally ingested a solution of copper sulfate, used as a disinfectant agent in animal husbandry. He was referred to Children's Hospital of Tabriz because of frequent vomiting and lethargy. The major systemic complications were intravascular hemolysis, anemia and acute renal failure. The patient was successfully treated with multiple packed cell transfusions, dimercaprol, penicillamine and peritoneal dialysis. Plasma copper level 15 days after ingestion was 216 micro g/dl. Copper sulfate is a highly toxic agent that, when ingested, can cause local and systemic damage including coma, shock, severe intravascular hemolysis, hepatotoxicity and acute renal failure with high mortality. Corchorus Effects of intrapopulation competition on morphological and agronomic characters of jute plant [Corchorus olitorius. L.]. Makinde, S.C. Olubunmi; Oluwole, O. Surukite; Ojekale; B. Anthony; Olufeyimi, S. Rachael E-mail:scmakinde@yahoo.com Lagos State University - Faculty of Sciencesc - Department of Botany Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2009; 5 (1): 1-6 (33 ref.) Keywords: Plants Abstract: The effects of population density on some agronomic traits of Corchorus olitorius were investigated by growing the seedlings in a field experiment at densities of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 plants per m[2] during the raining season of 2006, at the Ojo campus of Lagos State University [LASU]. The Randomized Block Design [RBD] was the experimental design used, with three replicates. The direct effect of competition was investigated on the following agronomic attributes; final height/plant, number of branches/plant, stem girth/plant, number of leaves/plant, total fresh weight, total dry weight, moisture content, total leaf length, leaf petiole length, leaf area, blade length and blade width. A highly significant effect [p< 0.01] of competition was observed for final plant height and total moisture content/ plant, while significant effect [p< 0.05] was observed for other attributes investigated, except for all leaf parameters where insignificant effect of competition was observed. There was a gradual decline in all attributes except height/ plant as population density increased. These observations confirmed the occurrence of intraspecific competition in population of jute plant. Coronary Artery Bypass One-month survival after coronary artery bypass graft [CABG]. Torabian, Saadat; Karimi, Abbasali; Sedaghat, Mojtaba; Mandegar, Mohaamad Hossein E-mail:torabian@umsha.ac.ir Hamedan University of Medical Sciences - Faculty of Medicine - Social Medicine Group IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   33 Payesh - Health Monitor 2009; 8 (1): 5-10, 106 (15 ref.) Keywords: Survival Analysis; Risk Factors; Coronary Vessels; Sex Factors Abstract: To determine One-month survival after CABG in Shariati Hospital. We followed 340 patients who underwent Isolated-CABG in Shariati Hospital and used survival analysis to compare common coronary risk factors and to assess surgical factors related to survival after CABG. Smoking was more prevalent in males than in females but prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and hperlipidemia was greater in women. Female subjects were older, had greater Body Mass Index [BMI] and left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] and had undergone more non-elective surgery compared to males. Most patients had received 3 or 4 grafts [range 1-6 grafts]. There was no difference in aortic cross clamp and anesthesia time between the two genders. Females were hospitalized for longer periods after surgery and their mortality rates were greater. One-month survival ratio estimated by the Kaplan Meier method was 97.1% and 88.4% in males and females respectively. The overall survival rate was 95.3%. The factors related to poor survival were: female gender, non-elective surgery, lengthy aortic cross clamp and anesthesia time and the history of: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, previous CABG and CCU hospitalization. Cosmetics therapeutic use Kohl [SURMA]: retrospect and prospect. Mahmood, Zafar Alam; Zoha, S.M.S.; Usmanghani, Khan; Hasan, Muhammad mohtasheemul; Ali, Obaid; Jahan, Sarwat; Saeed, Aftab; Zaihd, Rabail; Zubair, Misbah E-mail:zamahmood@hotmail.com University of Karachi - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutics Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 107-122 (168 ref.) Keywords: Sulfides; Lead; Medicine, Traditional; Cosmetics-adverse effects; Lead Poisoning Abstract: Kohl, since antiquity has always been given a prime importance in ophthalmology for the protection and treatment of various eye ailments. However, for decades various conflicting reports in the literature have been published relating to Kohl application to eyes being responsible for causing higher blood lead concentration, which may cause lead poisoning. While at the same time, a number of research studies and reports have also been published negating any such links with increased blood lead level upon Kohl [surma] application. In view of the above mentioned facts, this review article is written with the objective to highlight various data from past and present research studies and reports about Kohl, so as to provide valuable information to both the users and the research workers about it-s scientific background and effects when applied into eyes. A large number of items and topics [such as Kohl, surma, eye cosmetic, traditional eye preparations, environmental lead pollution, galena, lead sulphide etc.] have been taken into consideration while compiling this review article. In conclusion, the authors of this review article feel that the relation between Kohl and toxicity or increased blood lead concentration upon it-s application to eyes as reported elsewhere is likely to be more of theoretical nature rather than a practical health hazard. Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors chemical synthesis Formulation and evaluation of rofecoxib capsules. Abou Taleb, A.E.; Abdel Rahman, A.A.; Samy, E.M.; Tawfeek, Hesham M. Assiut University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Industrial Pharmacy SPJ - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2009; 17 (1): 40-50 (33 ref.) Keywords: Lactones-chemical synthesis; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents Abstract: Rofecoxib [ROF] is an analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug. It is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzyme [Cox-2 inhibitor]. The aim of this work was to formulate and evaluate ROF capsules and compare them with a commercial ROF product. The ROF capsules were prepared using different excipients namely: Sta-Rx starch 1500, cellactose, anhydrous lactose and tablettose. Compatibility of the drug with the used excipients was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of cogrinding of ROF with either PVP 40000 or Avicel PH 101 in the ratio of 1:5 w/w on the drug release from the prepared capsules was also studied. Differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction studies showed reduction in crystallinity or conversion of the drug to an amorphous form upon grinding with either PVP 40000 or Avicel PH 101 respectively. All formulae of ROF capsules complied with the USP XXV requirements for uniformity of dosage units. Formulae No. 6 and 7 containing ground mixture of the drug with either PVP 4000 or Avicel PH 101 in a ratio of 1:5 drug to carrier and Sta-Rx starch 1500 as diluent gave a higher dissolution rate of ROF [t[50%] = 5 and 9 min., respectively] in comparison with the commercial ROF product Rhumacure [t[50%] = 25 min.] Moreover; the anti-inflammatory activity was studied in rats using paw-edema method IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   34 and the results obtained were analyzed using ANOVA test at the level of significance [P </= 0.05]. It was found that the prepared ROF capsules show superior anti-inflammatory activity in comparison with the commercial ROF product. Cystadenoma, Mucinous diagnosis Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma. Abedalthagafi, Malak S.; Jackson, Patrick G.; Ozdemirli, Metin E-mail:mxa212@gunet.georgetown.edu Georgetown University Hospital - Department of Pathology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 146-149 (14 ref.) Keywords: Retroperitoneal Neoplasms-pathology; Cystadenoma, Mucinous-surgery; Immunohistochemistry Abstract: Primary mucinous neoplasms of the retroperitoneum, including mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, mucinous borderline tumors, and mucinous cystadenomas are uncommon tumors found exclusively in women. Since the retroperitoneum does not contain mucinous epithelium, the origin, and histogenesis of these tumors remain unclear. It is speculated that these tumors can arise from teratomas, supernumerary ovaries, or mucinous metaplasia of the retroperitoneal mesothelium. We describe a case of a primary mucinous cystadenoma of the retroperitoneum in a 44 year-old female that presented as a palpable abdominal mass. There was no evidence of recurrence 16 months after complete laparoscopic excision of the tumor. The morphology and immunohistochemical analysis in this case support the hypothesis that mucinous metaplasia of the retroperitoneal mesothelium overlying a preceding inclusion cyst can give rise to retroperitoneal mucinous tumors. Cytomegalovirus Infections diagnosis The role of clinical, therapeutic and laboratory findings in monitoring of HCMV infection in bone marrow transplant recipients. Ramzi, M.; Yaghobi, R.; Etminan, H. Haematology Research Center - Bone Marrow Transplant Unit IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 46-51 (31 ref.) Keywords: Cytomegalovirus-pathogenicity; Cytomegalovirus-analysis; Cytomegalovirus-immunology; Bone Marrow Transplantation-adverse effects; Bone Marrow Transplantation-mortality; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques-utilization; Risk Factors; Polymerase Chain Reaction-utilization; Cytomegalovirus-chemistry; Retrospective Studies Abstract: Human cytomegalovirus [HCMV] has been an enormous threat for bone marrow transplant [BMT] recipients. For active and/or latent HCMV infection, diagnosis of the risk factors which increase the risk of posttransplant morbidity and mortality seems necessary. In this research, some of the HCMV risk factors were monitored and compared with HCMV molecular diagnostic methods for better detection of HCMV infection in BMT patients. HCMV risk factors including clinical, biological, biochemical, haematological indexes, and also anti-HCMV and transplant prophylactic and therapeutic conditioning regimens were monitored from March 2002 to March 2006, in 104 BMT patients referred to BMT Unit of Nemazee Hospital in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and was compared with HCMV molecular methods for BMT donors and recipients' pre- and posttransplantation. Anti-HCMV-lgM was detected in 9.6% and 6.7% of BMT recipients and donors, respectively. Anti-HCMV-lgG was also detected in 8.7% and 9.1% of recipients and donors, pre-transplant, respectively. HCMVPCR results were positive in 20% of recipients and 33.3% of donors. Significant correlations were observed between HCMV positive results and the use of a therapeutic dose, but not the prophylactic dose of glucocorticoids and cyclosporine, pre and post-transplantation. Fasting blood sugar, creatinine, globulin, and liver enzymes levels such as alkaline phosphates and asparagine transpherase significantly correlated with detection of HCMVDNA in transplant patients. Also, negative results of HCMV-PCR significantly correlated with the use of prophylactic dose of acyclovir in BMT patients. Significant correlations of positive and negative HCMV-PCR results with HCMV disease risk factors suggest the possible role of these factors on prognosis and monitoring of HCMV disease in BMT recipients preand post-transplantation. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   35 Dental Caries epidemiology Caries prevalence and treatment needs of healthy and medically compromised children at a tertiary care institution in Saudi Arabia. Brown, A. E-mail:alisonbrown40@hotmail.com King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 378-386 (29 ref.) Keywords: Needs Assessment; Prevalence; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Risk Assessment; Patients; Health Education, Dental; Dental Care Abstract: We examined the caries prevalence and treatment needs of medically compromised and healthy paediatric patients attending the dental clinic of a tertiary care institution in Saudi Arabia. The medical records of 175 healthy and 211 medically compromised 5-year-old Saudi children were reviewed. Data was extracted on clinical status and number of decayed, extracted and filled teeth [deft score]. A total of 91.9% of medically compromised and 84.0% of healthy children had evidence of caries. Mean deft score was 9.91 for medically compromised and 6.25 for healthy children. A high proportion of carious teeth [79%] were untreated, with no significant difference between the 2 groups. Depression therapy Effect of a PRECEDE-based educational intervention on depression and quality of life in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting. Sabzmakan, Leila; Hazavehei, Seyyed Mohammd Mehdi; Rabiee, Katayoun; Hashemi, Hassan Jahani; Sadeghy, Mohsen Mir Mohammad E-mail:sabzmakan@yahoo.com Qazvin University of Medical Sciences - Faculty of Health - Public Health Group Payesh - Health Monitor 2009; 8 (1): 75-84, 97 (27 ref.) Keywords: Coronary Artery Bypass; Quality of Life; Education; Questionnaires Abstract: To examine effect of an educational intervention on depression and quality of life in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. This was a quasi-experimental study of 54 patients after bypass surgery in the Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center. The patients randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Primarily Cardiac Depression Scale was used to measure depression. In addition, a PRCEDE-based educational questionnaire and the end SF-36 questionnaire were used. The intervention group received a PRCEDE Model educational package up four months. After education the mean score of Predisposing factors, Enabling factors, Reinforcing factors and self-helping behaviors increased significantly in the intervention group as compared to the control group [P < 0.001]. The mean score of depression in control group [M = 104/5, SD = 30/4] and intervention group [M = 112/8, SD = 21/9] decreased significantly, but this effect was more pronounced in intervention group [M = 66/2, SD = 22 vs M = 89/2, SD = 27/8]. Also the significant differences in quality of life between two groups were seen in physical functioning [P < 0.04], role emotional [P < 0.01] and mental component summary [P < 0.04]. The findings of this study indicated that the PRCEDE Model was effective educational intervention in reducing depression and enhancing quality of life in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery. Dexmedetomidine therapeutic use Dexmedetomidine as a substitute for remifentanil in ambulatory gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. Salman, Nevriye; Uzun, Sennur; Coskun, Fehmi; Salman, Mehmet A.; Salman, Akgun E.; Aypar, Ulku Hacettepe University - Faculty of Medicine, Ankara - Anaesthesia logy and Reanimation Department Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 77-81 (31 ref.) IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   36 Keywords: Piperidines-therapeutic use; Analgesics, Opioid; Laparoscopy; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures Abstract: To compare dexmedetomidine with remifentanil in desflurane based ambulatory gynecologic laparoscopic surgery, in respect to its effects on orientation, discharge time, nausea-vomiting, and postoperative analgesic need. Sixty 20-40 year old ASA I-II patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgery were randomized into 2 groups. This study was performed in the operating theaters of the Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe, Turkey in 2004 as a prospective, randomized, and double blinded study. The remifentanil group group R, and dexmedetomidine group group D received a bolus of 1 ug/kg over 10 minutes, followed by 0.2 ug/kg/minute peroperative infusion of remifentanil, and 0.4 ug/kg/hour of dexmedetomidine. Hemodynamic parameters, time to extubation, and to orientation to person, place, and date, postoperative nausea, vomiting, pain, analgesic requirement at home, and satisfaction with anesthesia were recorded. Demographic, hemodynamic data, postoperative pain scores, and discharge time were similar in both groups. Time to extubation, to orientation to person, to place and date were shorter in group R. Postoperative nausea, vomiting, and analgesic requirements at home were less in group D. This study demonstrated that dexmedetomidine infusion causes a relatively slow recovery with reduced postoperative nausea, vomiting, and analgesic requirements, and similar hemodynamics compared to remifentanil in ambulatory laparoscopic surgeries. It may be an alternative to remifentanil in ambulatory anesthesia. Diabetes Mellitus blood Leptin and insulin levels in umbilical cord blood of infants of diabetic mothers-relation to fetal birth weight. Tawadrous, Gamil A.; Okasha, Sawsan H.; Said, Hala Muteed; ElMohamady, Mohamed Cairo University - Department of Biochemistry Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 179-183 (17 ref.) Keywords: Fetal Blood; Leptin-blood; Insulin-blood; Birth Weight; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Infant, Newborn Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a common medical condition complicating pregnancy. The present study is planned to estimate the level of insulin and leptin in cord blood of infants of diabetic mothers to find if there is a relation between circulating levels of leptin as well as insulin in umbilical cord of these infants and their birth weight and length. Twenty four controlled and 32 uncontrolled diabetic women, beside 20 healthy nondiabetic women and their full term infants constituted the subjects of the present work. Patients and controls were selected from attendants of the Obstetric and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of EI-Galaa Hospital, Ministry of Health, Cairo. Assessment of the glycemic state [controlled or uncontrolled] was performed by estimation of glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c]. Thorough clinical examination of the infants including birth weight, BMI and height was done. Cord blood was collected from the neonates delivered to those mothers immediately after clamping the cord and serum levels of insulin and leptin were measured. Results demonstrated that cord blood insulin and leptin levels are increased in infants of uncontrolled diabetics more than infants of controlled diabetics and infants of nondiabetic controls. Also, significant increase in body weight and body mass index in infants of uncontrolled diabetics more than infants of controlled diabetic and infants of nondiabetic controls was found. A significant positive correlation was found between umbilical cord plasma insulin and leptin levels and body weight, length, body mass index and maternal HbA1c in all groups. No significant difference of umbilical cord plasma leptin and insulin levels was found between male and female infants of all groups. Diabetic Neuropathies diagnosis The role of different neurophysiological tests in the differential diagnosis of diabetic axonal neuropathy and lumbosacral radiculopathy. Sheki, Ali A.; Hamdan, Farqad B. E-mail:farqadbhamdan@yahoo.com Al Nahrain University - College of Medicine - Department of Medicine Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 25-30 (33 ref.) Keywords: Radiculopathy-diagnosis; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Neurophysiology; Neural Conduction; Diagnosis, Differential; Lumbosacral Plexus-pathology Abstract: To evaluate the role of different neurophysiological tests in the differential diagnosis of diabetic axonal neuropathy [DAN] and lumbosacral radiculopathy [LSR]. This study was conducted at Al-Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from July 2006 to February 2007. Twenty-seven healthy subjects, 44 type 2 diabetics, and 36 LSR patients were studied. The HbA1c level, plain x-ray, and MRI of the lumbosacral region and different IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   37 electrophysiological tests were assessed. The sural sensory nerve action potential [SNAP] amplitude values were reduced in 56.3%, and the sural/radial amplitude ratio [SRAR] values were reduced in 71.8% in the diabetic patients, but not in the LSR group. The peroneal compound muscle action potential [CMAP] amplitude was low in 70.45% DAN patients versus 35.5% LSR patients. Peroneal F-minimum [Fmin] values were prolonged in 56.8% DAN versus 32.25% LSR patients. The Fpersistence [Fp] values were low in 72.7% of DAN, versus 45.2% of LSR patients. However, the Fchronodispersion [Fc] was abnormal in 71% of LSR versus 11.4% of DAN patients. The SRAR was found to be more significant than the sural SNAP amplitude alone in the differential diagnosis of the 2 groups. Abnormal peroneal Fc and Fp seems to be valuable tests in the detection of LSR and DAN patients. Diarrhea microbiology Isolation of Yersinia spp. from cases of diarrhoea in Iraqi infants and children. Kanan, T.A.; Abdulla, Z.A. College of Medicine - Department of Microbiology EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 276-284 (18 ref.) Keywords: Yersinia-isolation and purification; Feces-microbiology; Yersinia-pathogenicity; Microbial Sensitivity Tests Abstract: All 250 children presenting with diarrhoea at 2 teaching hospitals in Mosul, Iraq over a 9-month period were studied for the presence of Yersinia spp. in stools by cold-enrichment culture at 4 [0]C for 21 days. Pathogenicity of the isolated Yersinia was determined. Antibodies to Y. enterocolitica were raised for rapid Yersinia detection in the stool. Yersinia spp. were isolated from the stools of only 4 patients; 3 isolates were identified as Y. enterocolitica and 1 was Y. pseudotuberculosis. The blood culture was also positive for Y. enterocolitica in 1 case. The antibiogram test for the isolated Yersinia was determined. Cross-reaction between Y. pseudotuberculosis and Salmonella typhi or S. paratyphi B, and between Y. enterocolitica and Brucella was detected serologically. Diclofenac chemical synthesis Topical emulsions stabilized by silica nanoparticles: in vitro release and anti-inflammatory studies of flurbiprofen and diclofenac sodium. Sarhan, Hatem; Ibrahim, Mohamed A.; Amin, Mohamed A.; Dyab, Amro K.F. Minia University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutics Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 2008; 31: 155-167 (34 ref.) Keywords: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Design; Emulsions; Silicone Gels; Drug Evaluation; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Nanoparticles; Flurbiprofen Abstract: Simple and multiple emulsions have a wide range of pharmaceutical applications. Therefore, the stabilization of such emulsions is a challenge to ensure a stable formulation along the period of storage, usage and at the same time to conserve the efficacy of the incorporated medicament. Simple o/w and multiple w/o/w emulsions were prepared using castor and paraffin oils as oil phases and stabilized solely by silica nanoparticles of well-controlled surface properties. Two non-steroidal ant-inflammatory drugs, namely flurbiprofen and diclofenac sodium were incorporated in the stabilized simple and multiple emulsions, respectively. The stability of emulsions and the in vitro release of the drugs from the prepared emulsions were studied. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of the drugs from these liquid formulations was assessed using carageenan-induced hindpaw edema in rats. The results indicated that the prepared liquid emulsions, which stabilized with silica nanoparticles, were highly stable. The in vitro release of flurbiprofen and diclofenac sodium from these simple and multiple emulsions showed higher rates compared with those preapred from paraffin oil due to their lower viscosities. The results revealed also that the percentage of oil has a pronounced effect on the in vitro release rates of the drugs from the emulsions. Furthermore, topical flurbiprofen and diclofenac sodium emulsions exhibited a potent local anti-inflammatory activity compared with the orally adminstered drugs in the suspension form and this activity reached its peak [57-84%] 3 hrs after carrageenan injection and persisted for 5 hrs, the period of study. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   38 toxicity Formulation of site-specific mucoadhesive liquid suppositories as a method to decrease hepatotoxicity in rabbits. Ramadan, E.M.; Borg, Th.M.; Elkayal, M.O. Mansoura University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutics Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 2008; 31: 331-344 (31 ref.) Keywords: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Design; Suppositories; Poloxamer; Rabbits; Models, Animal; Liver-drug effects; Histology Abstract: Mucoadhesive liquid suppositories containing diclofenac sodium [DS] as a NSAID were prepared using poloxamers as a liquid suppository base. Various formulations composed of different ratios of P407 and P188 [10/20, 15/15, 21/9, 24/6 and 27/3% w/w of P 407/P188] were prepared. The physicochemical characters; the gelation temperature, gel strength and mucoadhesive properties of the prepared suppositories were evaluated and compared with conventional suppositories. The dissolution and pharmacokinetic parameters of DS from such suppositories were also estimated. It was also important to study the histopathological changes in rabbit rectum and liver after administration of liquid and conventional suppositories. The gelation temperatures were 49.5, 45.5, 32.5, 22.5 and 20.5°Cfor 10/20, 15/15, 21/9, 24/6 and 27/3% w/w of P407/P188, respectively. P407/P188 mixture in the concentration of 21/9%, w/w was selected as the system of choice since it exhibited adequate physicochemical properties. The addition of DS increased the gelation temperature [from 18 to 32.5°C] for 21/9 poloxamer mixture and reduced the gel strength [from 4.03 sec to 3.4 sec] and the mucoadhesive force [from 3.5 to 1.72 x 102 dyne/cm[2]]. It was found that the dissolution of DS-loaded poloxamer-based suppositories was significantly higher than that from the conventional suppositories [51.3 versus 26.7%, respectively] . Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic study showed that DS-loaded poloxamer-based suppositories gave significantly higher initial plasma concentrations, AUC [70.313 micro g. hr/ml] and C[max] [29.417 micro g/ml] of DS than did conventional suppositories [55.023 micro g. hr/ml and 22 micro g/ml], respectively. Histopathological study of rectal tissues indicated no pathological damage after 6h of rectal administration. The histopathological study of liver tissues revealed that no hepato-cellular damage occurred after 30 days of administration of DS-loaded poloxamer-based suppository; however hepatotoxicity could not be totally avoided by rectal administration of conventional suppositories. DS-loaded poloxamer-based suppository was an effective rectal dosage form with alleviated adverse effects. Diet Comparison of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire with 24-hour dietary recalls to assess dietary intake of adult Kuwaitis. Dehghan, Mahshid; Al Hamad, Nawal; McMillan, Catherine R.; Prakash, Prasanna; Merchant, Anwar T. E-mail:Mahshid.Dehghan@phri.ca McMaster University - Population Health Research Institute Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 159-161 (5 ref.) Keywords: Food Habits; Diet Surveys; Eating; Questionnaires Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine Efficacy of diphtheria and tetanus vaccination in Gaza, Palestine. Al Aswad, I.H.; Shubair, M.E. E-mail:ialaswad@mail.iugaza.edu.ps The Islamic University - Faculty of Science - Department of Medical Technology EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 285-294 (19 ref.) Keywords: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Antibodies-blood; Immunization, Secondary Abstract: This study evaluated the effectiveness and usefulness of vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus in different age groups in Gaza, Palestine. Blood samples were collected from 180 children aged < 12 years, 90 males and 90 females. Using ELISA methods, the efficacy of vaccination was estimated at 87.8% for diphtheria and 98.3% for tetanus. Mean serum titres varied significantly by age group: for diphtheria 0.24 IU/mL at age 2-4 years, 0.63 IU/mL at 7-8 years and 0.46 IU/mL at 11-12 years, and for tetanus 1.01 IU/mL, 2.63 IU/mL and 1.20 IU/mL respectively. The relatively low antibody titres, especially for diphtheria, suggest the need for a booster dose. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   39 Disasters A comparative study on community-based disaster management [CBDM] in selected countries and proposing a model for Iran. Jahangiri, Katayoun; Tabibi, Seyed Jamaledin; Maleki, Mohammadreza; Alamdari, Shahram E-mail:kjahangiri@ihsr.ac.ir Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research [IHSR] - Health Services Management Payesh - Health Monitor 2009; 8 (1): 49-57, 100 (14 ref.) Keywords: Disaster Planning-organization and administration; Community Networks; Models, Organizational Abstract: To compare CBDM in various selected countries in order to design a model for Iran. A descriptive- comparative study was conducted in six steps in which few countries have been chosen based on their contribution to issues such as policy making, planning, coordination, and control. The related information then was assessed. The results show that in order to achieve a successful disaster management, there is a need for the participation of the community in various disaster management cycle, although the type of this contribution may differ according to the characteristics of each specific country. This paper proposes a model emphasizing on contribution of community in the local level in the villages and neighborhood areas. Doxorubicin adverse effects Suppression of doxorubicin apoptotic, histopathologic, mutagenic and oxidative stress effects in male mice bone marrow and testis tissues by aqueous rosemary leaves extract. Abdella, E.M.; Ahmed, R. E-mail:ehababdella@hotmail.com Faculty of Science - Department of Genetics and Biotechnology Zoology Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention 2009; 2 (1): 35-49 (65 ref.) Keywords: Doxorubicin-administration and dosage; Rosmarinus-chemistry; Apoptosis-drug effects; Mutagenesis- drug effects; Oxidative Stress-drug effects; Bone Marrow Cells-drug effects; Testis-drug effects; Mice; Plant Leaves; Plant Extracts; Bone Marrow-drug effects Abstract: In the present set of investigations, the anti-mutagenic and anti-cytotoxic effects of aqueous rosemary leaves extract [RE] beside the dose dependency of these effects on male mice bone marrow and germ cells have been evaluated using in vivo cytogenetic, histopathologic and apoptotic assays, as well as biochemical analysis. Doxorubicin [DXR], a well-known mutagen and cytotoxic agent, was given at a single dose of 25 mg/kg b. wt. intraperitoneally at the fifteenth day. 25, 125, 250 and 375 mg/kg b. wt. of RE were given through oral intubation once a day/three days for 15 days prior to DXR administration. The animals of the positive control group [DXR alone] showed significant increase in the mutagenic effect in bone marrow cells, histological damage, incidence of apoptotic cells [TUNEL-positive cells], level of lipid peroxidation and activity of superoxide dismutase in testis. Though, the activities of the other antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reduced form beside the serum level of testosterone and the rate of primary spermatocytes' transformation to spermatids were significantly declined [P< 0.001]. The ratio of dismutase to glutathione peroxidase and/or catalase was significantly elevated. Pretreatment with each dose of RE showed significant reduction in these frequency of chromosomal aberrations and mitotic index of bone marrow cells and the level of peroxidation, the ratio of SOD/ GPX or CAT, the histological damage and the incidence of apoptotic cells in testes. Also, it caused increase in the levels of some antioxidant enzymes [GSH, CAT and GPX], the level of testosterone and returned the semineferous tubular cell populations' ratio to the control distribution.The protective efficacy of the RE was much pronounced following pretreatment with 125 mg/kg b. wt. Drug Prescriptions Prescribing pattern of acid suppressive medications for medical inpatients in a teaching hospital in Qatar. Khudair, Imran E.; Sadik, Nagham D.; Hanssens, Yolande I. Hamad General Hospital - Hamad Medical Corporation - Department of Pharmacy Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 125-129 (14 ref.) Keywords: Histamine H2 Antagonists; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Hospitals, Teaching; Inpatients IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   40 Abstract: To assess the prescribing pattern of acid suppressive medications ASMs in medical inpatients in a teaching hospital in Qatar, and compare this with the American Food and Drug Administration approved indications, and published data. This study is based on a review of the patient-s medical records for the usage of ASMs, namely, histamine-2 receptor antagonists H2RAs, and proton pump inhibitors PPIs in patients admitted consecutively to the medical wards of Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar from May through June 2007. The review included the type of ASM used, timing of prescription before, or during admission, risk factors for ulcer development, and indication for use. Records for patients using ASMs after discharge without justified indication were assessed 2 months later. A total of 389 patients were admitted, 206 53% received ASMs during their hospital stay, 48 12% of them were taking ASMs before admission. One hundred and eighty-four patients 89% received PPI, and 22 11% received H2RA. During admission, the usage of ASMs was justified in 70 34% patients. One hundred and twenty-nine 63% received ASMs after discharge, the usage of which was justified in only 59 46% patients. From the 70 patients receiving ASMs after discharge for unjustified indications, 30 43% patients were re-prescribed with ASMs, 2 months or more after discharge. Acid suppressive medications are prescribed in the majority of these patients without justified indication. Moreover, many of them continued their ASMs for at least 2 months after discharge. Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial Multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria in clinical isolates from Karachi. Saeed, Asma; Khatoon, Hajra; Ansari, Fasihuddin Ahmed University of Karachi - Department of Microbiology Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 44-48 (22 ref.) Keywords: Gram-Negative Bacteria; R Factors Abstract: A total of 54 gram-negative bacteria obtained from various pathological labs and hospitals of Karachi were screened for their resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin and tetracycline antibiotics. Of the 54 bacteria, 50 were resistant to one or more antibiotics. Among the resistant bacteria, 13 out of 28 were found to transfer their resistances by conjugation. This indicates that at least 46% of clinical gram-negative bacteria in Karachi possess various types of transferable R plasmids, such as pAK5, pAK9, pAK10, pAK11, pAK12, pAK13, pAK14, pAK15, pAK16, pAK17, pAK18, pAK19, pAK20 and pAK21. The non-conjugative R plasmids included pMT14 and pZ26. Only pAK15 showed 26% segregation even after 20 consecutive transfers in plain broth [spontaneous segregation] whereas only pAK15 and pAK16 showed any significant loss of their markers in curing by acridine orange. The stability of R plasmids is more dangerous from clinical point of view. Echinococcosis diagnosis Primary spinal epidural hydatid cyst with intrathoracic extension. Benzagmout, Mohammed; Kamaoui, Imane; Chakour, Khalid; Chaoui, Mohamed E. E-mail:benzagmout@hotmail.fr University Hospital Hassan II - Department of Neurosurgery Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 81-83 (19 ref.) Keywords: Epidural Space-parasitology; Epidural Space-pathology; Thoracotomy; Echinococcosis, Pulmonary; Echinococcus granulosus; Echinococcosis-surgery Abstract: Spinal epidural localization of hydatid cyst is quite rare. We report a case of a 33-year-old patient who experienced paraparesis over 2 years, with an umbilical sensitive level. A CT scan and MRI showed an intrathoracic multilobar lesion, probably of intra-spinal origin. An anterolateral transpleural surgical approach confirmed the hydatic character of the observed lesion and enabled total spinal cord decompression. No osseous involvement was noted. We report a case of spinal epidural hydatid cyst successfully managed by an anterior approach, and we discuss epidemiological, diagnosis, and therapeutical features of this rare localization of hydatid cyst. [A rare pelvic hydatid cyst] Bouzaiene, H.; Ben Bachouche, W.; Ben Hassouna, J.; Mchala, L.; Chargui, R.; Mtaalah, M.; Benna, F.; Boussen, H.; Dhiab, T.; Hechiche, M.; Gamoudi, A.; Khomsi, F.; Rahal, K. Salah Azaiz Institute - Department of Carcinology Surgery - Tunisia Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 248-249 (9 ref.) Keywords: Pelvis-pathology; Echinococcosis-surgery Abstract: Pelvic localization of hydatid cyst is uncommon even in endemic countries such as Tunisia. Localization in the broad ligament represents only 0.3% of cases. A 22 year's old woman had consulted for a pelvic pain operating for a month. An abdominal ultrasound had found a compartmentalized cystic formation of 145mm lateralized to the left. The surgical exploration had found a hydatid cyst of the left broad ligament, which was resected. Hydatid cyst of the broad ligament remains extremely rare, treatment is surgical and is the only guarantee of a disease free survival. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   41 Echocardiography [Echocardiography: Why not the gold standard of left ventricular systolic function assessment?] Abdessalem, S.; Fehri, W.; Lahidheb, D.; Barakett, N.; Mhenni, H.; Haouala, H. Hospital of Principal Military and Instruction of Tunis - Cardiology Department Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 216-221 (44 ref.) Keywords: Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left-ultrasonography; Stroke Volume; Coronary Angiography; Prospective Studies; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left-diagnosis Abstract: Left ventricle [LV] systolic function is a corner stone in diagnostic and therapeutic decision makings and is a potent predictor of patient's outcome. A lot of investigational techniques help to assess the systolic performance of LV but in practice echocardiography and LV angiography are still the most used methods. Because, in the last decade echocardiographic techniques have tremendously evolved, accuracy and limitations of LV systolic function assessment by echo has to be revisited. 100 successive patients scheduled for LV angiography, got estimations of LV stroke volume [SV] and ejection fraction [LVEF] echographically by Simpsom's methods and by pulsed Doppler at the level of aortic annulus in the second harmonic mode and invasively by a 30° RAO LV angiography. Echocardiography has been performed by two operators prior to the angio study. Statistics were done using linear regression methods with determination of the correlation coefficient [r] and the standard error estimation [SEE] when the variables are normally distributed or the spearmn's coefficient [rs] when not. Echocardiographic assessment was technically feasible in all patients by both operators. Echocardiographic methods had excellent correlation to angiography and correlation coefficients of biplane Simpson and pulsed Doppler at the level of the aortic annulus were respectively r = 0.9 and r = 0.85. These coefficients were r = 0.85 and r = 0.69 in the subset of patients with LV wall motion dyssynergie. The intra and inter observer variabilities were below 7% for all methods. Echocardiographic LV systolic function assessment is nowadays technically possible in almost all patients with an excellent correlation to LV angiography and a good inter observer reproducibility whether there is or not LV remodeling or wail motion abnormities. Ectodermal Dysplasia diagnosis Hypodontia and microdontia associated with hereditary ectodermal dysplasia. Ahmed, Bilal; Yazdanie, Nazia E-mail:drbilalahmed79@hotmail.com De'Montmorency College of Dentistry - Department of Prosthodontic JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 192-194 (8 ref.) Keywords: Ectodermal Dysplasia-genetics; Ectodermal Dysplasia-therapy; Anodontia-diagnosis; Anodontia- genetics; Genetic Screening; Prosthodontics Abstract: Hypodontia and associated conditions like Hereditary Ectodermal Dysplasia [HED] and microdontia markedly influence on physical, functional and psychosocial maturation of the affected individuals. Thorough evaluation, proper counseling and careful treatment planning employing a multidisciplinary approach are keys to a successful, long-term management. This case report describes the prosthodontic management of a young man with hypodontia and microdontia. Education Educational ranking of a two-year degree courses in health sciences in Iranian medical universities: a strategy to identify the strengths and weaknesses. Mohammadi, Aeen; Mojtahedzadeh, Rita; Eslamlou, Hamid Reza Farrokh E-mail:aeen_mohammadi@tums.ac.ir Tehran University of Medicasl Sciences - Faculty member of Tehran University of Medicial Sciences - Ministry of Health and Medical Education, The Secretariat for Education Payesh - Health Monitor 2009; 8 (1): 17-23, 104 (15 ref.) Keywords: Health Education; Benchmarking; Educational Measurement-methods Abstract: After two decades of expansion of medical universities and increasing the number of students as one of the most attainable solutions for the problem of substandard status of Iranian community health, recently, quality-based policies in medical education have taken priority over most of the national health plans. In this study, we stratified educational services of schools providing a two-year degree course in health sciences in Iran to determine their differences. To measure the educational performance of the course nationwide, a benchmarking tool, consisting of 47 IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   42 indicators, was devised. Their weights were defined through consensus developing methods. Each school was asked to introduce a representative who would complete a questionnaire, which was designed to collect schools- information. In the next step, all the divisions were visited by one of the project's members and the school-s representative. Then, data retrieval was performed and verified at the project-s office. Schools providing the course were stratified based on their individual scores. Furthermore, all schools were also ranked in each indicator. Among schools providing the course School of Health Sciences of Iran University of Medical Sciences gained the first rank, with the score of 86.53 out of 100. This study defines the educational strengths and weaknesses of health sciences programs in Iran that could be used as a measure for authorities to devise practical strategies for qualitative and quantitative improvement. Electrocardiography P wave duration changes and dispersion. A risk factor or autonomic dysfunction in stroke? Koser, Abdulkadir; Barutsu, Irfan; Atakay, Selfuk; Ozdemirli, Burcu; Gul, Levent; Karakaya, Osman E-mail:abdulkadirkocer@yahoo.com Diizce University - Diizce Medical Faculty - Neurology Department Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 14-18 (29 ref.) Keywords: Stroke; Risk Factors; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases Abstract: To investigate the P wave duration and P wave dispersion in stroke patients, and to compare those with healthy subjects. We measured maximum and minimum P wave durations, and dispersion on the 12-lead surface ECG in 67 consecutive patients with first ever-acute ischemic stroke and 58 controls at the neurology wards of the Medical School, D'zce, Turkey, between May 2005 and October 2006. The subjects were not included if there were a history of atrial fibrillation, cardiac problem, and using drugs related to cardiovascular diseases or psychiatric problems. P wave durations and dispersion were similar in stroke patients and controls. The correlation analysis revealed a positive relation between age and Pmin duration [p = 0.03]. The mean Pmin values were 63.85 +/- 22.55 for male and 76.43 +/- 26.84 for female patients, and this difference was statistically significant [p = 0.04]. The correlations between P wave durations, and the presence of risk factors, the stroke outcome scales, and death of patient within 6 months were not statistically significant. Although there were some previous reports on ECG changes including P waves in acute stroke, we found that P wave durations and dispersion were similar in acute stroke patients and controls. This may be related to the patient selection criteria of this study, as we did not include patients with any previous cardiac abnormality. We concluded that the autonomic nervous system dysfunctions causing cardiac abnormalities in stroke need more investigation. Emergency Service, Hospital Which patients wait longer to be seen and when? A waiting time study in the emergency department. Elkum, N.; Fahim, M.; Shoukri, M.; Al Madouj, A. E-mail:nelkum@hotmail.com King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre - Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 416-424 (12 ref.) Keywords: Patients; Time; Time Factors; Patient Satisfaction; Retrospective Studies; Triage Abstract: We investigated the waiting time for patients before seeing a physician in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Bi- and multivariate analyses of routine data for 2187 patients determined the association between selected patient characteristics and waiting time. The median waiting time between triage and being seen by a physician was 35.0 min [range 1.0-325.0 min]. Age, day of arrival, time of arrival and triage category were significantly associated with waiting time. Older patients and those arriving on Sundays and Wednesdays waited longer. Variability in waiting times could be addressed by more standardized triage policies, but may also be influenced by other clinical or non-clinical factors that require further investigation. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   43 Endocrine System Diseases epidemiology Neonatal screening of the common endocrine and metabolic disorders in Menoufiya governorate. Abou El Ella, Soheir S.; Tawfitt, Maha A.M.; El Gend, Fady M.; El Nemr, Fathia M.; El Sebae, Hatem M.; Ramadan, Mohammed A. Menoufiya university - Department of Pediatrics Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 259-263 (33 ref.) Keywords: Metabolic Diseases-epidemiology; Mass Screening; Neonatal Screening; Conjenital Hypothyroidism; PhenylPetonurias; Galactosamines Abstract: Hereditary diseases and congenital marformations have been reported to affect 2-5% of all live births; they account for up to 30% of pediatric hospital admissions, and cause about half of childhood deaths in developed countries. Available evidence suggests that genetic are important also in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. The following factors may contribute to the prevalence of genetically determined disorders: the high consanguinity rates; the trend of continuing to bear children up to menopause; the general lack of public awareness about genetic diseases and the dearth of genetic services in the region. Neonatal screening tests early detect disorders in newborns for which interventions shortly after birth have obvious benefits. We aimed at screening of congenital hypothyroidism [CH], phenylketonuria [PKU], and galactosemia which are common causes of preventable mental retardation and starting their early intervention. Our study included 15.000 dried blood specimens [DBSs] from the newborns of all the ten conters of the Menoufiya governorate, as a representative random sample of the year 2007. all speciemens were analysed in neonatal screening laboratory in our genetics and endocrinology unit, pediatric department; Menoufiya University in collaboration with the central laboratories of ministry of health and population; using ELISA for TSH analysis and flourometric assay [WALLAC system, Perkin Elmer] for PKU and galactosemia screening. Preservation and transfer of DBSs were according to the recommendations of the International Society for Neonatal Screening. Because of the high costs, we randomly selected two thousands DBSs for PKU screening and another two thousands for screening of galactosemia. Out of the /5,000 DBSs, 99.84% were negative for CH [TSH < 20 ulU/ml]. Twenty five cases were borderline for CH, while 9 cases only were confirmed as CH after clinical examination and revaluation using serum samples [serum TSH > 20 ulU/ml and T4 < 0.8 ng/dl], the confirmed cases were treated according to the management schedule. So the incidence of CH in our study was 0.06%. As regards PKU screening; 93.95% of studied samples were negative [phenyl alanine < 2.1 mg/dl]. Only 21 cases were initially borderline for PKU [phenyl alanine = 2.1-3.0 mg/dl, while clinically normal] but no PKU cases were detected after revaluation. On the other side; the 2000 DBSs screened for galactosemia were negative [Galactose uridyl -1 transferase enzyme [GALT] > 3.5 u/gHb]. On conclusion, because of the high costs of mass screening for PKU and galactosemia, only screening of high risk families and neonates is recommended. On the other hand screening programs should include our more common problems as congenital deafness and hemoglobinopathies. Epilepsy blood Serum ghrelin level in epileptic children. Afify, Mohamed Farouk; Kamel, Magdy Moustafa; Mohamed, Moustafa Mourad; Awad, Peter Ibrahim El Minia University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pediatrics Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 231-235 (29 ref.) Keywords: Child; Ghrelin-blood; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epilepsy, Generalized; Epilepsies, Partial Abstract: The relation between epilepsy and endocrine system is very important as neuroendocrinological studies on epileptic seizures elucidate part of the mechanisms of the brain function underlying epilepsy. Ghrelin is a growth hormone secretagogue secreted primarily by stomach cells with lesser amounts secreted by other cells. The aim of this study is to compare serum ghrelin level in epileptic children with control group. The study included 40 children with epilepsy and 12 healthy children as controls. They were selected from Neurologic Clinic and inpatient ward of Pediatric Department, Suzan Moubarak Hospital for Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, El-Rflinia University. Epileptic children were divided into partial or generalized epilepsy and both of them divided according receiving valproate therapy or not started antiepileptic drugs [AED] therapy. Serum level of ghrelin was estimated by ELIZA technique. The study showed that all epileptic children had significantly higher serum ghrelin level than that of the control group [p < 0.001]. All children with partial epilepsy had significantly higher level of ghrelin than those with generalized epilepsy [p < 0.01]. There were insignificant difference between the level of serum ghrelin in all epileptic children under valproate therapy and those don't started any AED therapy. Also no significant differences among both generalized and partial epilepsy under valproate therapy than the levels in epileptic children of both groups not under AED therapy [p > 0.05]. We IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   44 conclude that ghrelin level increase in all epileptic children and in both generalized and partial epileptic groups when compared with control. Also there was significant higher level in partial epileptic children than the level in generalized epileptic children. There was no effect of valproate therapy on the levels of serum ghrelin in both partial and generalized epileptic children. epidemiology Epilepsy in patients 60 years and above. Mousali, Yahya M.; Obeid, Tahir H.; Al Gahtani, Hussein A.; Al Janadi, Mansour A.; Attar, Ahmed A.; Dammas, Hassnah O. E-mail:ymousali@hotmail.com King Khalid National Guard Hospital - Department of Medicine Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 53-55 (14 ref.) Keywords: Aged; Epilepsy-etiology; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Incidence Abstract: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and etiology of epilepsy at age 60 years and above in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia [KSA], as epilepsy is now considered to be the third most frequent neurological problem in the elderly population. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients 60 years and above at King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, KSA between 1999 and 2007 with new onset of seizures and diagnosed as suffering from epilepsy. We excluded patients 60 and above with provoked seizures. Seventy-five patients of late onset epilepsy were studied. Partial seizure [focal] was found in 40 patients [53.3%]; generalized tonic clonic seizures in 18 patients [24%]; unclassified seizure in 13 patients [17.5%]; and status epilepticus in 4 patients [5.3%]. Stroke was the underlying etiology in 52 patients [69.3%]; brain tumor was found in 8 patients [10.7%], trauma in 3 patients [4%], and infection in 3 patients [4%]. None of the patients had a family history of epilepsy. No cause [idiopathic] was found in 9 [12%] patients. The most common type of epilepsy at age 60 and above in our study is symptomatic epilepsy with stroke as the leading cause. Modifying risk factors for stroke such as: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and high cholesterol may reduce the incidence of epilepsy in this age group. Ethanol adverse effects Effect of ethanol vapour exposure on survival of chick embryos. Kamran, Kiran; Khan, M. Yunus; Minhas, Liaqat Ali E-mail:drkirankamran@gmail.com Foundation University - Medical College - Department of Anatomy JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 150-153 (15 ref.) Keywords: Chick Embryo-drug effects; Breath Tests; Survival Rate; Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Abstract: To determine the survival of chick embryos after ethanol vapour exposure by noting the number of dead and alive embryos and comparing with age-matched controls. Study Design: Experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy at the regional centre of College of Physicians and Surgeons, Islamabad, from February 2006 to February 2007. Chicken eggs, placed in an incubator, were exposed to ethanol vapours produced through a specially designed vapour chamber. The experimental group was dissected on day 7, day 10 and day 22 or hatching whichever was earlier and compared with age-matched controls. The proportion of ethanol vapours in the incubator was monitored with a breathalyzer. No statistical difference was seen in the survival of day 7 alcohol- exposed embryos and their age-matched controls. The survival of day 10-control embryos was significantly higher than alcohol exposed group of same age. The embryos exposed to ethanol vapours from day 1 to day 10 and then followed till hatching or day 22, whichever was earlier, had significantly lower survival than age-matched controls. In this study, ethanol vapour exposure decreased embryo survival with increasing embryonic age and increased duration of exposure. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   45 Exercise physiology The effects of regular exercise on pregnancy outcome. Forouhari, S.; Yazdanpanahi, Z.; Parsanezhad, M.E.; Raigan Shiraz, M. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - Hazrat Fatemeh College of Midwifery and Nursing IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 57-60 (20 ref.) Keywords: Exercise-adverse effects; Pregnancy-complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth-etiology; Fetal Growth Retardation-etiology; Case-Control Studies; Labor Stage, Second; Delivery, Obstetric-instrumentation; Prospective Studies Abstract: Most women who report increased levels of physical activity are not at an increased risk of preterm delivery or reduced intrauterine growth. This study was conducted to look into the safety and effects of regularly timed aerobic exercises during pregnancy on both the mother and the neonate. A prospective, case-control study was done on 120 healthy pregnant women in their first trimester. The data were collected in the prenatal outpatient care, labor and delivery rooms of a university-based Obstetrics Department. After completing basic information forms, the pregnant women were educated on the specific exercises in 8 stages throughout the pregnancy. Sixty-three patients presenting for delivery without any history of physical exercise were selected as the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding their occupation. The exercising group experienced significantly decreased durations of labor. There was no significant difference in neonatal birth weight or apgar scores. There were a significant decreased number of assisted deliveries in the exercising group. Exercise during pregnancy shortens the duration of the second stage of labor and reduces the risk of assisted delivery while is safe for the neonate too. Extremities injuries Extremity vascular trauma. A 7-year experience in Lahore, Pakistan. Hussain, Muhammad I.; Zahid, Muhammad; Khan, Abdul Waheed; Askri, Hasan; Khan, Abul Fazal A. E-mail:ibrarme@yahoo.com King Khalid University Hospital - Division of General Surgery Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 50-55 (35 ref.) Keywords: Extremities-blood supply; Blood Vessels-injuries; Extremities-surgery; Retrospective Studies Abstract: To determine the outcome of various techniques of vascular repair in terms of repair related complications and limb salavagibility. From January 1999 to December 2005, this retrospective study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. The patients, who underwent various surgical interventions for extremity vascular trauma, were included in this study. Those, who underwent primary amputation due to non-salvageable injuries or who presented with late complications of vascular injuries were excluded. Ninety-three patients underwent different surgical procedures for extremity vascular trauma. Majority of the patients were young, mean, 29.4 years male 91.3%. Penetrating trauma was the most common mode of injury 77.4%. The median time interval between injury and repair was 4.5 hours. Superficial femoral artery was the most frequently injured artery 26.8%. Graft repair was carried out in 41 patients 46.6%, while 34.1% of the patients had end-to-end anastomosis. Wound infection was the most common complication 18.2%. Seven patients 7.5% had secondary amputations and 3 3.2% died from other injuries. Vascular reconstruction was successful in 89.3% of the patients. Early revascularization by employing simple repair or interposition autogenous vein graft repair results in successful limb salvage with acceptable complication rate. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   46 Ferula chemistry Cytotoxicity study of ferula hermonis boiss. Elouzi, Abdurrahim A.; Auzi, Abdurazag A.; El Hammadi, Mazen; Gray, Alexander I. Elfateh University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 2008; 31: 313-317 (8 ref.) Keywords: Ferula-toxicity; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Plant Extracts Abstract: Ferula hermonis Boiss [Apiaceae] is known in the Midleast as [zallouh ] In the last decade, scientists paid attention to study chemistry and biological activity of the plant. In this study Ferula hermonis were collected and evaluated for cytotoxic activity. The plant was extracted using different polarity solvents: petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. The cytotoxic effect of the extracts was examined in-vitro on human cell line [stomach cancer cell line, SCL-40]. The assay was based on incubation of tetrazolium dye [MTT] a yellow water-soluble tetrazolium dye that is reduced by live, but not dead cells] with the cells that pre-incubated with a tested substance. A purple formazan product that produced can be determined spectrophotometrically. The result confirmed that the SCL-40 cells were much more sensitive to the petroleum extract than other extracts, which showed the prominent cytotoxicity. The plant showed pronounced cytotoxic activity will be further evaluated for the possible isolation of active antitumour compounds. Fibroma diagnosis Elastofibroma dorsi: an under-diagnosed entity -clinical, imaging and pathological features. Pandey, Tarun; Al Shammer, Noufa; Alexander, Susan; Vattoth, Surjith University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences [Current affiliation] - Department of Radiology KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (1): 13-19 (19 ref.) Keywords: Fibroma-pathology; Fibroma-radiography; Fibroma-Ultrasonography; Radiography, Thoracic; Thorax- pathology; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Retrospective Studies Abstract: To report clinical, radiological and histopathological findings of elastofibroma dorsi. Thepurposeis to increase awareness among radiologists and clinicians of this under-diagnosed and interesting benign lesion. Retrospective review of 624 consecutive thoracic Computed Tomography [CT], 92 ultrasounds and 130 Magnetic Resonance Image [MRI] scans for detection of elastofibroma dorsi along with review of the clinical and histopathological findings. Three radiologists evaluated the imaging features using previously definedcriteria. A histopathologist reviewed the pathological findings. A tertiary level hospital and a specialized orthopedic center. Patients who were subjected to CT, Ultrasound and MRI scans of the thorax Interventions: CT, MRI, Ultrasound scans of the thorax and surgical excision. Detection of elastofibromasand their clinical, radiological and histopathologic findings. Only 50% of patients with elastofibrom a dorsicouldbe detected by all modalities though, on review, all lesions showed characteristic location, morphology, imaging as well as typical clinical and pathological features. Significant contrast enhancement of all lesions on MRI was an unusual finding in our study. An awareness of the radiological findingsand enhancement patterns on CT and MRI can help in the proper diagnosis of elastofibroma dorsi an entity often misdiagnosed in a high percentage of patients. Fibromatosis, Aggressive diagnosis [What is your diagnosis? Fibromatosis, Aggressive unusual breast tumor]. Rekik Bouraoui, W.; Dami, M.; Goucha, A.; Ben Hassouna, J.; Bouzaiene, H.; Boussen, H.; Benna, F.; Rahal, K.; Gamoudi, A. Salah-Azaiz Institute - Immuno-histo-cytology Department - Tunisia Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 221-258 (6 ref.) Keywords: Fibromatosis, Aggressive-pathology; Fibromatosis, Aggressive-surgery; Breast Neoplasms IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   47 Flavonoids analysis A novel RP-HPLC method for the determination of bharangin in Ghantu Bharangi crude extracts. Sathish, Thadikamala; Brahmaiah, pendyala; Sathya, Kancherla; Bhojaraju, pullasi; Naik, Nenavath Gopal; Kezia, Devarapalli; Prakasam, Reddy Shetty E-mail:satish.tadikamalla@gmail.com Indian Institute of Chemical Technology - Bioengineering and Environmental Center Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 68-73 (7 ref.) Keywords: Plant Extracts; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Abstract: An accurate, simple, reproducible and sensitive RP-HPLC method for the determination of bharangin has been developed and validated. The separation of bharangin and 2-nitroaniline [internal standard] was achieved on Supelcosil LC-18 [3 micro, 150- 4.6 mm i.d.] column using UV detection at 388 nm. The mobile phase was consisting of methanol and 0.01M KH2PO4 buffer [pH 3.0, adjusted with ortho-phosphoric acid] [75:25% v/v]. The linear range of detection for bharangin was found to be 10-50 ng/ml. Intra-and inter-days assay relative standard deviations were less than 3.21. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of bharangin in various crude extracts. The method has been shown to be linear, reproducible, specific, and rugged. Fluconazole chemical synthesis Liposomes as an ocular delivery system for fluconazole: in-vivo study. Habib, F.S.; Fouad, E.A.; Abdel Rahman, M.S.; Fathalla, Dina Assiut University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutics Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 2008; 31: 249-263 (28 ref.) Keywords: Liposomes; Corneal Diseases; Antifungal Agents; Rabbits; Cornea; Models, Animal; Ophthalmic Solutions; Keratitis; Candida Abstract: The purpose of this study was to formulate topically effective controlled release ophthalmic fluconazole liposomal formulations using the reverse-phase evaporation technique. Soya bean phosphatidylcholine [PC] and cholesterol [Ch] in specific weight ratios were used. Selected formulations were tested for their in-vivo ocular antifungal effect. These included the neutral, the positively [using stearyl amine] and the negatively [using dicetyl phosphate] charged liposomes. A reproducible model of Candida keratitis in rabbits was performed and the effects of the prepared liposomes were better than a solution of fluconazole. The order of fluconazole liposomal formulations according to the time to achieve complete healing is arranged in a descending order: negatively charged liposomes > positively charged liposomes > neutral liposomes [7:4] > neutral liposomes [5:5] > fluconazole solution. The frequency of instillation was decreased; also, the time of ulcer healing was decreased. It was concluded that the use of liposomes as a drug delivery system could contribute to the enhancement of the effect of fluconazole in the eye. Liposomes as an ocular delivery system of fluconazole: in-vitro studies. Habib, F.S.; Fouad, E.A.; Fathalla, Dina Assiut University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutics Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 2008; 31: 293-311 (28 ref.) Keywords: Liposomes; Corneal Diseases; Antifungal Agents; Ophthalmic Solutions; Rabbits; Models, Animal Abstract: The purpose of this study was to formulate topically effective controlled release ophthalmic fluconazole liposomal formulations. Reverse-phase evaporation technique was used for the preparation of fluconazole liposomes consisting of phosphatidylcholine [PC] from soyabean and cholesterol [Ch] in weight ratios of [9:1], [7:2], [7:3], [7:4], [6:4], [7:6] and [5:5] with or without stearylamine [SA] or dicetyl phosphate [DP] as positive and negative charge inducers, respectively. The prepared liposomes were evaluated for their in-vitro release. The release mechanism was found to follow Higuchi and first order kinetics. Increasing cholesterol weight ratio in the prepared liposomal formulations progressively decreased the release of fluconazole from the vesicles. The positively charged liposomes showed slower rate of drug release compared to neutral ones. Negatively charged liposomes showed slight increase in the release rate and extent of fluconazole from the liposomal formulations 5:5:0.25 and 5:5:0.5; in comparison with neutral ones. Further increase in the amount of dicetyl phosphate 5:5:1 resulted in a significant decrease in the release rate. Four fluconazole liposome eye drops were prepared. Physical stability study including, visual appearance, particle size and amount of drug leakage from liposome eye drops were studied. Approximately 82.82%, 76.55%, and 70.90% of fluconazole was retained in negative, positive and neutral liposomal ocular formulations up to a period of 24 weeks at 5°C. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   48 Focus Groups Effect of interactive group discussion among physicians to promote rational prescribing. Garjani, A.; Salimnejad, M.; Shamsmohamadi, M.; Baghchevan, V.; Vahidi, R.G.; Maleki Dijazi, N.; Rezazadeh, H. E-mail:garjania@tbzmed.ac.ir Tabriz University of Medical Sciences - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 408-415 (24 ref.) Keywords: Physicians; Prescriptions; Practice Guidelines as Topic Abstract: This study assessed the effect of an educational intervention [interactive group discussion] on the prescribing behaviour of 51 general physicians from the north-west of Tabriz. Prescriptions were analysed pre- intervention and post-intervention [control and intervention groups] using a proforma with 8 indicators of correct prescribing. The mean number of drugs per prescription pre-intervention was 3.82. The percentage of prescriptions with antibiotics, corticosteroids and injections were 40.8%, 25.9% and 58.0%, respectively. Following the intervention there were slight but not significant changes in the indicators in both intervention and control groups compared with pre-intervention results. Folic Acid therapeutic use Comparison study on the effect of prenatal administration of high dose and low dose folic acid. Manizheh, Sayyah M.; Mandana, Shojaiee; Hassan, Argani; Amir, Gorbani H.; Mahlisha, Kazemi S.; Morteza, Ghojazadeh E-mail:Manizheh_6 10@yahoo.com Tabriz University of Medical Sciences - Alzahra Teaching Hospital - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 88-97 (70 ref.) Keywords: Folic Acid-administration and dosage; Prenatal Care; Pregnancy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Single-Blind Method Abstract: To evaluate the effect of high dose and low dose folic acid on the levels of hemocysteine Hcy concentration during the first trimester of pregnancy and at delivery, and to examine the association of Hcy serum levels and preeclampsia. In a single blinded randomized clinical trial, which was conducted in Tabriz, Iran, from 2005- 2008, 246 nulliparous pregnant women in 2 similar groups, received folic acid daily from early pregnancy until delivery 5 mg/day in group one and 0.5 mg/ day in group 2. The incidence of hypertension and laboratory changes in the levels of serum Hcy, lactate dehydrogenase, and uric acid in addition to the levels of urine creatinine and protein were compared between the groups. There was no presence of any type of hypertension in each group. The systolic blood pressures BP mm Hg at the first trimester were 114.01 +/- 8.78 for group one, 114.16 +/- 9.05 for group 2, and at delivery, 117.24 +/- 6.91 for group one, and 117.23 +/- 11.48 for group 2 p = 0.32. The diastolic BP at the first trimester were 74.90 +/- 7.45 for group one, 73.30 +/- 8.90 for group 2, and at delivery 76.46 +/- 5.58 for group one, and 76.69 +/- 8.62 for group 2 p = 0.42. Although the level of Hcy umol/L decreased significantly at the delivery time in group one 11.81+/- 3.85 decreased to 6.44 +/- 1.88, and 2 9.08+/- 3.24, decreased to 7.44 +/- 2.99, this decrement was more significant in the first group p < 0.001. The results show that folic acid supplement throughout pregnancy, irrespective of the dosage, could eliminate hypertensive disorders, and decreases serum level of Hcy, although it is reduced more significant in the first group. Food Industry Screening for some intestinal parasites and malaria in food industry workers in Taiz province, Republic of Yemen. Oshaish, Hussein; El Absii, Abdel Rahman Taiz University - Faculty of Medicine - Internal Medicine Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 59-64 (24 ref.) Keywords: Healthy Worker Effect; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic-parasitology; Mass Screening; Questionnaires; Feces; Urine; Risk Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Case-Control Studies Abstract: Parasitic diseases are common health problem in developing countries. A case control study nested in survey was done to study rate of some infections and intestinal parasites in two hundred and twenty workers of the food industry [FIWs] in Taiz province, Yemen and to explore the impact of some demographic factors on them. Each worker was examined for malaria blood film, widal, urine, stool, and questionnaire was filled about socioeconomic IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   49 standards [SES]. In screening of FIWs, intestinal parasiles prevalence were 36.2%; with Entamoeba histolytica 18.6%; Schistosoma mansoni 7.2%; Ascaris lumbricoides 6.8%; Giardia 1.8%, Ancylstomas 4%. Strongyloides stercorlis, Hymenolepis nana, Tricuris trichiura were less than 1% each. Malaria and typhoid were low [2.2%]. On studying role of education, water supply, SES, presence of latrine; the only significant risks for parasitic infection were SES and presence of latrine outside the houses. Foreign Bodies therapy Endoscopic removal of accidentally swallowed toothbrush. Al Osaimi, Sameer; AlEnezi, Bader; Abdul Aziz, Sameer Al Sabah Hospital - Department of Surgery KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (1): 66-68 (14 ref.) Keywords: Stomach; Dental Devices, Home Care; Toothbrushing; Endoscopy; Deglutition; Radiography, Abdominal Abstract: Foreign body ingestion is a very well recognized problem that confronts surgeons. Toothbrush ingestion is rare, with only a few cases reported. We report a case of accidental swallowing of a long toothbrush and review the available literature on the complication and management of toothbrush swallowing. A 15-year-old female presented to the emergency room in Al-Sabah hospital, Kuwait, complaining of having swallowed her toothbrush. In addition to routine biochemical investigations, abdominal and chest X-ray were done. Abdominal X-ray revealed a foreign body [toothbrush] in the stomach. Endoscopy was used successfully to remove the toothbrush with no complication. The case is reported because of its rare nature. Fournier Gangrene diagnosis Paraphimosis leading to fournier's gangrene. Ahmed, Jamil; Mallick, I,M. E-mail:drjag@hotmail.co.uk JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 203 (3 ref.) Keywords: Fournier Gangrene-microbiology; Fournier Gangrene-complications; Fournier Gangrene-drug therapy; Paraphimosis-complications; Penis-pathology; Penile Diseases Fruit Screening of antioxidant properties of seven umbelliferae fruits from Iran. Nickavar, Bahman; Abolhasani, Farideh Al Sadat E-mail:bnickavar@yahoo.com Shahid Beheshti University [M.C.] - School of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacognosy Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 30-35 (24 ref.) Keywords: Apiaceae; Phytotherapy; Antioxidants; Free Radical Scavengers; Flavonoids Abstract: Antioxidative activities [IC50] of ethanol extracts from seven Umbelliferae fruits [Bunium persicum, Coriandrum sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Foeniculum vulgare, Heracleum persicum, Pimpinella anisum and Trachyspermum copticum] have been studied by the DPPH [2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl] radical scavenging test. All the studied extracts showed antioxidant capability and P. anisum extract exhibited the strongest activity. The scavenging activity of the extracts in decreasing order was: P. anisum > T. copticum > C. cyminum > F. vulgare >/= B. persicum >/= C. sativum > H. persicum. The extracts were also investigated regarding their total flavonoid contents by the AlCl[3] technique. The decreasing order of the flavonoid content of the extracts was: C. cyminum > T. copticum > P. anisum >/= H. persicum >/= B. persicum >/= F. vulgare >/= C. sativum. However, a favorable correlation was not found between the antioxidant activity and the total flavonoid content of the extracts. As well, the most active extract [i.e. P. anisum] was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate to yield three organic fractions together with the remaining aqueous fraction. The antioxidative activities [IP%] and flavonoid contents of the fractions were also determined. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest activity and content. A positive correlation was found between the antioxidant potency and flavonoid content of the fractions. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   50 Fungi isolation and purification Survey of keratinophilic fungi in sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants of Mazandaran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Hedayati, M.T.; Mirzakhani, M. Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences - Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 451-454 (8 ref.) Keywords: Sewage-microbiology; Water Purification; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Prevalence Abstract: To isolate keratinophilic fungi in sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants in Sari city, Mazandaran province, Islamic Republic of Iran, samples were taken from 7 plants with different sewage treatment technologies. From 35 sludge samples cultured on Sabouraud's agar with cycloheximide and chloramphenicol, 326 fungal colonies belonging to 7 species were isolated. Geotrichum [59.5%], Cladosporium [13.8%], Alternaria [11.3%] and Penicillium [10.7%] species were the most prevalent. No growth of keratinophilic fungi was observed on this medium. However, using the hairbaiting technique, Microsporum gypseum, Chrysosporium spp. and Geotrichum spp. were isolated. Gait Evaluating the child with unsteady gait. Jan, Mohammed M. E-mail:mmsjan@yahoo.ca King Abdul Aziz University Hospital - Department of Pediatrics Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 3-9 (48 ref.) Keywords: Child; Nervous System Diseases-diagnosis; Gait Ataxia; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Diagnosis, Differential Abstract: Unsteady gait is a relatively common presentation to the pediatric emergency and neurology services. Unsteadiness can be due to a wide variety of causes, however, the primary concern on initial assessment is to exclude serious disorders such as meningitis, encephalitis, or brain tumors. Recognizing benign and non-neurological causes of unsteady gait is essential to avoid unnecessary investigations and hospital admission. In this review, a clinical approach to the unsteady child is presented with discussion of diagnostic considerations, approach to investigation, treatment, and prognosis. Ataxia can be cerebellar or sensory. Cerebellar ataxia can be acute, chronic, progressive, or episodic. It may result from trauma, infections, metabolic, degenerative disease, space occupying lesions, or congenital anomalies. Sensory ataxia is due to peripheral neuropathy involving large myelinated fibers that carry vibration and position sense, or due to posterior spinal column dysfunction. Accurate assessment depends on detailed history, examination, and then formulation of a differential diagnosis list to guide laboratory investigations. Gallbladder Emptying Gall bladder contractility in children with beta-thalassaemia. Nasr, M.R.; Shaker, M.; Mahdy, H.; Hafez, A. E-mail:drmonaramad2001@yahoo.com Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital - Department of Paediatrics EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 315-321 (22 ref.) Keywords: beta-Thalassemia; Gallstones; Ferritins-blood; Time Factors; Bilirubin-blood; Ultrasonography Abstract: We studied gall bladder contractility in 61 children with beta-thalassaemia who were asymptomatic for gall bladder disease and 51 sex- and age-matched controls in Cairo, Egypt, using real-time ultrasonography. Multiple gall bladder stones were present in 18.0% of thalassaemia patients and sludge in 6.6%. There were statistically significant differences between thalassaemia patients and controls in gall bladder fasting volume, residual volume, emptying time and contraction index. There was significant positive correlation between fasting and residual volumes and age, weight and height, and between fasting volume and body mass index and serum ferritin level. Contraction index was negatively correlated with serum total bilirubin. Impaired gall bladder motility was evident in patients with betathalassaemia and it may be related to disease duration, serum ferritin and total serum bilirubin level. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   51 Garlic Antiulcer activity of allium sativum bulb juice in rats. Azamthulla, Mohammed; Asad, Mohammed; Prasad, V. Satya College of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacology SPJ - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2009; 17 (1): 70-77 (37 ref.) Keywords: Anti-Ulcer Agents; Rats; Duodenal Ulcer; Stomach Ulcer; Gastric Juice Abstract: The effect of raw Allium sativum Linn. bulb juice on gastric and duodenal ulcers was evaluated by using different gastric ulcer methods and cysteamine induced duodenal ulcer model in rats. Allium sativum Linn, bulb juice was administered orally at two different doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. Both the doses of garlic juice showed gastric ulcer healing effect in acetic acid induced chronic gastric ulcers, produced gastric antisecretory effect in pylorus-ligated rats and also showed gastric cytoprotective effect in ethanol-induced and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. The juice also produced a significant reduction in stress induced gastric ulcers and cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers. The low dose of the juice [250 mg/kg, p.o.] was more effective compared to the high dose [500 mg/kg, p.o.]. It was concluded that juice of Allium sativum Linn. bulb increases healing of gastric ulcers and prevents the development of experimentally induced gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats. Genetic Diseases, Inborn diagnosis Restrictive dermopathy. Molecular diagnosis of restrictive dermopathy in a stillborn fetus from a consanguineous Iranian family. Kariminejad, Ariana; Goodarzi, Peyman; Huong, Le Thi Thanh; Wehnert, Manfred S. E-mail:arianakariminejad@yahoo.com Department of Kariminejad Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 150-153 (14 ref.) Keywords: Contracture-congenital; Fetal Growth Retardation; Lung-abnormalities; Hyperkeratosis, Epidermolytic; Stillbirth; Consanguinity Abstract: Restrictive dermopathy RD, is an autosomal recessive lethal human genetic disorder. It is characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, tight and rigid skin with erosions, multiple joint contractures, lung hypoplasia, prominent superficial vasculature, and epidermal hyperkeratosis. In the present report, we describe the first case of restrictive dermopathy in a stillborn fetus of Iranian origin, confirmed by molecular genetic diagnosis. In the index case G-30159, a homozygous one base insertion in ZMPSTE24 exon 9 c.1085-1086insT was identified. We believe that by increasing awareness of this disease in clinicians, gynecologists, and pathologists, we may be able to help families who have had suspected cases of restrictive dermopathy be diagnosed, and offer molecular testing in carriers, and prenatal diagnosis to prevent the occurrence of further affected cases. Giant Cell Tumor of Bone complications Soft-tissue recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone: A case report. Abdel Mota'al, Magdy M.; Mohamad, Abdul Salam Othman; Katchy, Kenneth Chukwuka E-mail:abdelmotaal@gmail.com Al Razi Hospital - Department of Orthopedics KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (1): 54-58 (20 ref.) Keywords: Bone Neoplasms; Recurrence; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abstract: We report a rare complication of giant cell tumor [GCT] of bone. A soft tissue recurrence without intra- osseous involvement developed in a 35-year-old lady treated for grade III GCT with intralesional excision, local adjuvant phenol and filling the cavity with bone cement. The different imaging modalities used for work-up and staging are discussed. This report emphasizes that a soft tissue recurrence may be not recognized if a thorough clinical examination is not performed and MRI is not done. Review of relevant literature addressed different factors that influence recurrence, as well as the role of osteoinductive growth factors in stimulating the osteoblastic differentiation and metaplastic bone formation in such lesions. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   52 Glioblastoma diagnosis Glioblastoma multiforme of the cerebellum. Al Barbarawi, Mohammad M.; Qudsieh, Suhair M.; Ghazzawi, Mohamed A.; Smith, Sarah F. E-mail:dr_Barbarawi@yahoo.com Jordan University of Science and Technology - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Neuroscience Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 84-88 (20 ref.) Keywords: Cerebellar Neoplasms-pathology; Cerebellum; Central Nervous System Neoplasms; Glioblastoma- surgery; Dacarbazine-analogs and derivatives; Dacarbazine-therapeutic use; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme [GBM] is a highly malignant glial tumor seen commonly in the cerebral hemispheres, but rarely encountered in the cerebellum. It may occur at any age, but is seen more often in adult age groups. Despite its rarity, GBM should be considered in patients with a ring-enhancing lesion in the cerebellum. No consensus regarding the best management has yet been established. However, multimodal treatment is currently available to deal with these lesions: wide excision with radiochemotherapy may improve and prolong the patient's life. Although the outcome remains dismal, we emphasize that timely multi modal treatment may provide the patient a better outcome and longer life. Herein, we report 2 new cases of cerebellar GBM and discuss their outcome and present a review of the relevant literature. Goiter surgerg Total thyroidectomy in non malignant goitre. Ali, Many A. Assuit University - General Surgery Department Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 31-38 (18 ref.) Keywords: Thyroid Nodule-surgery; Thyroidectomy-adverse effects; Hypoparathyroidism; Hypocalcemia; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve-injuries; Postoperative Hemorrhage; Surgical Wound Infection; Vocal Cord Paralysis Abstract: Total thyroidectomy is such a procedure where considerable controversy still exists with respect to use for bengin thyroid disease. On other hand reoperation for recurrent disease carries a very significant risk of damage to both the recurrent laryngeal nerves and the parathyroid glands. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of total thyroidectomy for Non malignant thyroid disease. In the period between 2000 and 2006, 162 total thyroidectomy for nan malignant goitre were done, 124 females and 38 males with a mean age of 41.5 years, 99. Patients had Bilateral multi nodular goiter, 48 patients were Toxic goitre and 15 patients were chronic thyroiditis. Permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred in 1.2%, temporary hypocalcaemia occurred in 8%. Hypocalcaemia was more common after surgery for toxic goitre than surgery for other diseases, permanent unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred in 1.8%, the rate of post operative hemorrhage was 1.2% and wound infection 1.8%, there was no postoperative mortality. Total thyroidectomy remove the pathologic process completely, lowers local recurrence rates and avoids the risks of reoperation total thyroidectomy is safe and can be carried out with low complication rates. Granuloma, Plasma Cell diagnosis [Inflammatory pseudo tumors of the paratesticular tissue, a case report]. Hidoussi, A.; Jaidane, M.; Hamida, W.; Ben Sorba, N.; Slama, A.; Youssef, A.; Mosbah, A.F. Sahloul Central University Hospital - Urology Department - Sousse, Tunisia Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 235-236 (13 ref.) Keywords: Granuloma, Plasma Cell-surgery; Testis Abstract: Inflammatory pseudo tumors of the paratesticular tissue are uncommon lesions. They are often reported in the literature by various terms. These lesions are clinically worry some evoking a malignant testicular tumor. We describe a 57-year-old man with a long time history of painless scrotal mass that encased the left testis. Once excised, histology showed fibrosis and inflammatory tissue with lymphoplasmacytic cells. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   53 Growth analysis Infants' growth charts in Jahrom, Iran. Heydari, Seyed Taghi; Emamghoreishi, Fatemeh; Amini, Mitra E-mail:heidaryt@sums.ac.ir Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - Gastroenterohepatology Research Center Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2009; 19 (1): 25-34 (39 ref.) Keywords: Growth-standards; Prospective Studies; Weight Gain-ethnology; Body Height-ethnology; Body Height- analysis; Weights and Measures-standard; National Center for Health Statistics U.S.-organization and administration Abstract: This study was performed to provide the curves of weight and height of 0-2 year-old children in Jahrom, Southeastern Iran. In a prospective study, 597 children born in Jahrom entered our study from April 2001 to December 2002. The height and weight of these children were recorded 18 times from one month to two years of age. Healy- Rasbash-Yang [HRY] method was used to estimate age related smoothed centiles. This method was implemented for the World Health Organisation as GROSTAT computer package. The mean weight of male newborns, except for one- month olds, was more than that of females. Before two months of age and among 2-year-olds, there was no significant difference between the weight of males and females. The mean height of male newborns, except for one month of age, was more than that of females. No more than cubic polynomials were needed to smoothly fit height for age and weight for age of children. The height of male and female children showed an increase by age up to two years. The weight of male and female children also increased by age but the speed of increase to six months was more than that of six months to two years of age. Our findings show that height and weight of children under two years of age in Jahrom were lower than those of National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS]. It is therefore deemed necessary to provide and establish a corresponding standard curve for this region. According to the NCHS measurements, some children may be considered thinner or shorter for no obvious reason. Growth and Development The weight to age growth chart in 5 years old children and its risk factors in Tehran, Iran. Tootoonchi, Parichehr E-mail:ptootoonchi@yahoo.com Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Social Medicine Payesh - Health Monitor 2009; 8 (1): 67-73, 98 (9 ref.) Keywords: Body Weight Changes; Risk Factors; Body Weights and Measures; Age Distribution; Child; Cross- Sectional Studies Abstract: To determine the weight to age growth chart and some of its risk factors in 5 years old children in South Health Center in Tehran, Iran. This was a cross-sectional study. We collected data on sex, birth weight, the age of introducing food supplement, tube of milk which consumed during the first 6 months of life by child, the time of complete weaning, birth order, family size, maternal education, maternal job, interval between the child birth and the birth of the previous child at family, the regulation of child care at the health center and the condition of weight to age growth chart at 5 years old child. There were 27 health centers and from each center 45 children were chosen randomly. Data collection was performed from the family file of each child. 1150 children were studied. There were 567 [49.3%] male and 583 [50.7%] female. The mean birth weight of children was 3200 g with SD: 568.84g. The minimum and maximum age of food supplement introducing to child were 2mo and 14mo respectively [mean: 6mo, SD: 1.9mo]. 845 of children were fed only with breast milk during the first 6 months of life. The mean age of complete weaning was 19mo with SD: 7.93 mo. About 50% of children had first birth order. The family size of 79.42% of children was 3. 87% of mothers were educated and the remaining was illiterate. 96% of mothers were housewives and others were employed. Birth Interval of 41.37% and 9.9% of children with the previous siblings were less than 2 years or more than 2 years respectively and the other children was the first child of the family. 8.46%, 26.6% and 67% of children considered to be good, moderate or bad regarding to regularity of child care at the health center. In general 963 children [83.74%], 19 children [1.65%] and 7 children [0.61%] had normal, under 3 percentile or over 97 percentile weight to age growth chart at the last visit to the health center respectively. There were 40 [3.48%], 82 [7.13%] and 39 [3.39%] slowness, flatness or descending of the weight to age growth chart. There was significant statistical relationship between the weight to age growth chart and birth order [p < 0.02]. Generally 187 cases [16.16%] showed abnormal weight to age growth chart. Moreover the higher birth order increased the probability of abnormal weight to age growth chart at 5 years of age. The findings were similar to existing reports. However, further prospective studies are recommended to confirm such findings. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   54 Guillain-Barre Syndrome physiopathology Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in children; clinical and electrophysiologic findings. Shamsabadi, Farhad Mahvelati; Karimzadeh, Parvaneh; Tonekaboni, Seyed Hasan; Ghorobi, Javad E-mail:fmshamsa@yahoo.com Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences - Mofid Children Hospital - Department of Child Neurology Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2009; 19 (1): 52-58 (35 ref.) Keywords: Guillain-Barre Syndrome-complications; Neurologic Manifestations-etiology; Neurologic Manifestations- complications; Neurologic Manifestations-physiopathology; Electrophysiological Phenomena-physiology; Sural Nerve- abnormalities; Sural Nerve-analysis; Sensory Receptor Cells -abnormalities; Sensory Receptor Cells -analysis; Electrodiagnosis-methods; Electrodiagnosis-utilization Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrophysiologic findings of Guillain Barre Syndrome [GBS] in children and their relation with clinical progress of the disease. Twenty-three children with GBS were evaluated between 2005 and 2007. Electrophysiologic evaluations were performed at admission and one month later. Five patients needed respirator, 15 were bedridden, 1 developed recurrence 6 months later, and 2 experienced chronic GBS. The most common findings included: decreased amplitude of muscle action potential [CMAP] [96%], increased distal latency [74%], increased F wave latency [69%], and decreased nerve conduction velocity [NCV] [61%]. Sensory nerve conduction [evaluating sural nerve] was normal in 78% of the cases. These measures did not significantly change after 1 month. Electrodiagnostic evaluations are helpful at the primary stages of GBS for diagnosis. Fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves showing denervation and axonal injury are presentative of longer duration of the disease and a worse prognosis. Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Cochlear and auditory brainstem functions in neonates with high risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss. Marey, Ibrahim M.; Saleh, Ashraf Othman; El Badry, Mohamed M.; Refea, Nashwa M. El Minia University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pediatricsl Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 145-151 (24 ref.) Keywords: Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; Risk factors; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Cochlea; Brain Stem Abstract: This study was carried out at Susan Moubarak University Hospital, El Minia University and audiological evaluation was done at the audiological unit, El Minia university hospital. The aim of this study was 1- To determine hearing sensitivity among neonates having one or more factors for SNHL; allowing identification of hearing loss in them. 2- To study the cochlear and auditory brainstem functions in these neonates, which allows to locate site of lesion whether in the cochlea, or beyond the cochlea [i.e. auditory nerve or higher auditory pathways]; this would help to consider the appropriate management of hearing loss. Forty neonates were enrolled in this study, classified into 2 groups: 10 healthy term neonates [6 males and 4 females] free form any risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss as control group and 30 neonates [18 males and 12 females] with one or more risk factors for hearing loss as a study group. All cases in the study and control group were subjected to thorough history, full clinical examination including gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score at one minute and at five minutes, total and direct serum bilirubin in cases of hyperbilirubinemia, and ear examination including otoscopic examination. Audiological evaluation included: Auditory Brainstem Response [ABR] and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions [DPOAEs]. The study showed that from 30 neonates of the study group and based on the ABR results, 13 cases [43.3%] had normal hearing sensitivity and 17 cases [56.7%] had hearing loss. Three cases had mild degree of hearing loss, 1 case had moderate degree of hearing loss, and 13 cases had severe to profound hearing loss. In 6 neonates with more than one risk factor for hearing loss only one had normal hearing, while the other 5 had bilateral hearing loss. Overall, cochlear hearing loss represented 47% of all neonates having hearing loss, while retrocochlear hearing loss represented 53% of neonates have hearing loss. From this study, we can conclude that the risk factors for SNHL had variable effects on the auditory pathway. The site of lesion was located in the cochlea in most of the subgroups with risk factors SNHL. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   55 Heart Defects, Congenital blood Serum levels of ghrelin, tumor necrosis factor-A [TNF- A], and lnterleukin-6 [IL-6] in infants and children with congenital heart disease. Afify, Mohamed Farouk; Mohamed, Gamal B.; Abdel Maboud, Mohamed; Abdel Latif, Esmat A. Al Minya University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pediatrics Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 199-204 (42 ref.) Keywords: Ghrelin-blood; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha-blood; Interleukin-6-blood; Infant; child; Nutrition Disorders Abstract: Ghrelin increases food intake, body weight, and growth hormone secretion. The cause of growth retardation in congenital heart disease [CHD] is multifactorial. The aim of this study was to estimate serum levels of ghrelin, tumor necrosis factor-a [TNF-alpha], and interleukin-6 [IL-6] ih infants and children with CHD, compared with levels in age-matched controls, and to correlate the levels ofghrelin with TNF- alpha, and IL-6. We measured serum ghrelin, TNF- alpha and IL 6 levels using ELISA in 60 patients with CHD [40 acyanotic and 20 cyanotic] and in 20 control subjects. Our results showed that patients with CHD, whether compiled in one group or classified into acyanotic and cyanotic, had significantly higher serum ghrelin TNF- alpha, and IL-6 than controls [p = 0.000]. Serum levels of ghrelin and TNF- alpha in the acyanotic patients were significantly higher than in the cyanotic patients [p = 0.000]. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in serum levels of IL-6 between the acyanotic and the cyanotic patients [p = 0.126]. In acyanotic and cyanotic patients with CHD, there was a positive correlation between ghrelin and TNF- alpha [r = 0.424; p = 0.006 and r = 0.577; p = 0.008, resp.]. Ghrelin levels were not correlated with IL-6 in the acyanotic and cyanotic patients with CHD [r = -0.211; p = 0.216 and r = -0.341; p = 0.08, resp.]. Serum ghrelin, TNF- alpha, and IL-6 levels are elevated in patients with CHD whether acyanotic or cyanotic. Increased ghrelin levels represent malnutrition and growth retardation in these patients. The relation of ghrelin with TNF- alpha may be explained by the possible effect of chronic congestive heart failure and chronic shunt hypoxemia. genetics Microdeletion study in children with selective congenital heart disease; an Iranian multicenter study. Zeinaloo, Ali Akbar; Kiani, Abdorazaagh; Akbari Asbagh, Parvin; Noori Dalooi, M. R.; Ghadami Yazdi, Elham; Sabokbar, Tayebeh; Aghamohammadi, Asgar; Ale Mohammad, Mahmood Gholam; Rafeyan, Sima; Dastan, Jila; Ghaffari, Saeed Reza Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Department of Pediatrics Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2009; 19 (1): 11-17 (28 ref.) Keywords: Heart Defects, Congenital-etiology; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence-utilization; DiGeorge Syndrome- congenital; DiGeorge Syndrome-genetics; Tetrology of Fallot-etiology; Tetrology of Fallot-genetics; Pulmonary Atresia-etiology; Pulmonary Atresia-genetics; Chromosome Deletion; Pulmonary Subvalvular Stenosis-etiology; Pulmonary Subvalvular Stenosis-genetics; Prenatal Diagnosis-standards; Truncus Arteriosus; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular-etiology; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular-genetics Abstract: Determining the frequency of chromosome 22q11.2 microdeletion in children with congenital cardiac conotruncal abnormalities using Fluorescence in-situ Hybridization [FISH] technique and estimating relation between DiGeorge Syndrome and cardiac conotruncal abnormalities. One-hundred and eighty cases [106 Males, 74 Females] with selective congenital heart disease [conotruncal abnormalities] referred to the hospitals affiliated to Tehran University during 2004-2007 were evaluated by pediatric cardiologists. All patients were assessed for chromosome 22q11.2 microdeletion using FISH technique. Consequently, patients with 22q microdeletion were studied for T cell abnormalities. Median age of the patients at the time of study was 18 months [3d-16y]. The microdeletion of chromosome 22q11.2 was detected in 17 [9.5%] patients with conotruncal abnormalities, including 5 [29.4%] Tetralogy of Fallot plus Supravalvular Pulmonary Stenosis, 4 [23%] Truncus Arteriosus, 5 [29.4%] Pulmonary Artesia with Ventricular Septal Defect, 2 [11.8%] CO AO+Intrrupted Aortic Arch and one case of Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis. Five of uncorrelated cases had crananiofacial dysmorphism. Chromosome 22q11.2 microdeletion FISH study should be considered in patients with cardiac lesions particularly conotruncal abnormality with or without syndromic problems [craniofacial dysmorphism and developmental delay] to provide an appropriate genetic counseling with more accurate estimation of recurrence risk and ultimately prenatal diagnosis in affected families. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   56 Heart Neoplasms diagnosis Primary atrial lymphoma in a patient with dyspnea. Saedi, Saeidi H.; Golmohammadi, Zadeh S.H.; Hamedanchi, A.; Mohammadian, Roshan N.; Malek, Zadeh M.; Esmaeely, E. E-mail:hamidsaedi53@yahoo.com Mashad University of Medical Sciences - Omid hospitals - Radiation Oncology Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention 2009; 2 (1): 59-62 (14 ref.) Keywords: Heart Neoplasms-therapy; Lymphoma Large, B-Cell, Dffuse-therapy; Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Biopsy; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Radiotherapy; Lymphoma-diagnosis; Heart Atria; Dyspnea Abstract: Primary cardiac lymphoma is extremely rare. In this care report, we present the case of a 46-year-old man with primary cardiac lymphoma involving left atrium and interatrial septum, presenting as dyspnea palpitation and irregular heart beat. The diagnosis was obtained by transthoracic echocardiography and surgical biopsy with subxiphoid approach which revealed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, CD 20+. After 8 courses of chemotherapy, the patient achieved complete remission. After 4 months, however, he developed exertional dyspnea. Right atrial recurrent lymphoma extension was diagnosed. He is currently under external radiotherapy treatment. Patients with primary cardiac lymphoma have a very poor prognosis. Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular surgery Temporary tricuspid valve detachment for perimembranous VSD closure in children [early and long-term results]. Ali, Nagwa; Ghoneim, Ahmed; Elminshawy, Ahmed Assiut University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pediatrics Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 245-252 (19 ref.) Keywords: Postoperative Period; Postoperative Complications; Follow-Up Studies; Tricuspid Valve; Echocardiography; Retrospective Studies Abstract: VSDs can be successfully closed using a transatrial approach working across the tricuspid valve. Previous reports suggested tricuspid valve detachment technique [TVD] to improve exposure for closure of VSDs. However there has been concern that TVD might impair valve function, increase operative time and the incidence of postoperative heart block. Our Objective is to review the use of TVD technique for transatrial closure of perimembranous VSD in children and any resulting complications over 5 years postoperative follow up. This retrospective study reviewed the database from 2002 to 2007 and identified 158 children [91 males and 67 females] with mean age 3.16 +/- 2.6ys and weight 12.5 +/- 8.5 kg that underwent transatrial closure of pVSD in the Cardiotlioracic Surgery department, Assiut University Hospitals. Patients with types other than pVSDs and who underwent VSD closure via pulmonary artery or ventriculotomy were excluded from the study. Out of 158 children, 22 [13.9%] were operated with TVD technique while 136 [86.1%] were non TVD. The diagnosis of VSD and the postoperative follow up [Immediately and over 5ys] were done clinically and by echocardiography in the Pediatric Cardiology unit, Children University Hospital. VSD patch closure was done in 79% and primary closure in 21%. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 58 +/- 14 min, cross clamp time was 41 +/- 13 min and postoperative hospital duration was 6.4 +/- 2.8 days with no significant difference between TVD and non TVD group No postoperative heart block or needs for pacemaker implantation were recorded in both groups on postoperative follow up there was a significant improvement in the cardiac size, chest infections and infective endocarditis and this become more pronounced over years and significantly better in TVD than non TVD group. Immediately postoperative and on follow up echocardiography determined grade I-IIITR significantly lower [16.5% and 12.2% respectively] than preoperative [39%] with no significant difference between TVD and non TVD group. Insignificant residual VSD shunting was detected in 8% of non TVD patients that spontaneously closed on follow up with only residual VSD in 2-4%. No residual VSD shunting was detected in TVD group. Improvement in almost all echocardiographic parameters with no significant difference in between groups was detected on follow up. The study concludes that pVSD can be closed with low complication rate using TVD technique TVD is a safe method to enhance the exposure of VSD with no residual VSD shunting, less postoperative TR and it does not result in tricuspid valve dysfunction on follow up. It could be freely used for difficult VSD exposure. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   57 Heart Transplantation adverse effects Efficacy of lipid lowering drugs in pediatric cardiac transplantafion. Ali, Nagwa; O'Sullivan, John Assiut University - Faculty of medicine - Department of Pediatrics Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 237-243 (21 ref.) Keywords: Hyperlipidemias; Hypercholesterolemia; Antilipemic Agents; Cholesterol; Triglycerides; Pravastatin; Child; Treatment Outcome; Retrospective Studies; Pediatrics Abstract: Abnormalities of lipid profile are common in children after heart transplantation. Hypercholesterolemia affects 60- 80% of transplant recipients and has been associated with the development of coronary allograft vasculopathy. Data on the use of statins [lipid lowering drugs] in pediatric heart transplant recipients is limited. The objectives are to investigate the medium term [4ys] use of different in altering the lipid profile in a relatively large group of pediatric cardiac transplant recipients. A retrospective study [1991-2004] on 67 pediatric cardiac transplant recipients was done. Fifty patients were on statins and 17 were without any lipid lowering drugs and included as a control. Patients on statins [28 males and 22 females, mean age 6.3 +/- 0.2 ys at time of transplant] were divided into 3 groups; patients on pravastatin group 2.5-10 mg/day [n = 28], simvastatin group 10 mg/day [n = 17] and atorvastatin group 10 mg/day [n = 5]. All patients were under immunosuppressive drugs [cyclosporine, sirolimus, tacrolimus, azathioprin] and/or prednisone. Patients < 4ys duration after transplant or those with history of rejection were excluded from the study. Serial fasting serum levels of TC, TGs and HDL were reviewed over 4ys period. Patients on statins showed significant decrease in levels of TC and TGs after 4ys of therapy than before [p < 0.001 and < 0.01] and than control [p < 0.01 and < 0.05] and continued to decrease over years P < 0.001 and < 0.05. The pravastatin group showed a significant decrease in the levels of TC and TGs more pronounced than simvastatin or atrovastatin groups in comparison to those before therapy [p < 0.001 vs 0.01 and 0.05 for TC and p < 0.01 vs NS and NS for TGs] and to controls [p < 0.05 vs 0.05 and NS for TC and p < 0.05 vs NS and NS for TGs] and continued to decrease over the years in pravastatin group more favorable than the other two groups [p < 0.001 vs 0.01 and 0.05 for TC and p < 0.05 vs 0.05 and NS for TGs]. There was no alteration in HDL level with the use of any of these drugs. There were significant positive correlations between the level of TC and the use of cyclosporin [p < 0.01, r -0.346], sirolimus [p < 0.001, r = 0.571], prednisone [p < 0.01, r = 0.356], and negative with tacrolimus [p < 0.01, r = -0.346]. There were positive correlations between the level of TGs and age at time of transplant [p < 0.01, r = 0.370], the use of sirolimus [p < 0.001, r = 0.652] and prednisone [p < 0.05, r = 0.310]. There is a positive correlation between the level of HDL and the use of cyclosporin [p < 0.05, r = 0.292] and negative with tacrolimus [p < 0.05, r = -0.292] and azathioprine [p < 0.05, r = -0.28]. Statins therapy is very essential for post cardiac transplant hyperlipidemia, as they have variable lowering effects on the lipid levels. This study recorded medium term results [4ys] and described experience with more than one lipid lowering drugs [pravastatin, simvastatin and atrovastatin]. Pravastatin appeared to be effective in lowering TC and TGs levels more so than simvastatin or atorvastatin without altering HDL level. Factors as the age on time of transplant, the use of cyclosporine, sirolomus, tacrolimus, azathioprine and prednisone can affect the lipid profile in these patients. Hepatitis A diagnosis Co-infection of hepatitis A and E with Salmonella infection; a case report. Bhat, Deepak; Dhooria, Gurdeep Singh; Bains, Harmesh Singh E-mail:dbhat14@yahoo.co.in Dayanand Medical College and Hospital - Department of Pediatrics Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2009; 19 (1): 79-81 (9 ref.) Keywords: Hepatitis A-prevention and control; Hepatitis E-diagnosis; Hepatitis E-prevention and control; Salmonella typhi; Hepatitis, Viral, Human-classification; Hepatitis, Viral, Human-diagnosis; Hepatitis, Viral, Human-prevention and control; Biological Markers-diagnostic use; Typhoid Fever-diagnosis; Typhoid Fever-prevention and control; Vaccination-standards; Vaccination-legislation and jurisprudence Abstract: Ours is a developing country so infectious diseases contribute maximum to the morbidity and mortality. Among these, water borne diseases like diarrhea, typhoid, infectious hepatitis etc. are on rise. Sometimes more than one type of infection coexists which makes the diagnosis and management a challenging task. We report a case of Coinfection of Salmonella typhi with Hepatitis A and E. A 5 year old male child came to us with complaints of fever and jaundice for last 9 days. Blood culture of patient was positive for Salmonella typhi. Viral markers turned out to be positive for Hepatitis A and E. To the best of our knowledge coinfection of Hepatitis A and E with Salmonella has rarely been reported earlier. In view of the restricted finances in our country vaccines against typhoid and Hepatitis A can not be incorporated in the national immunization schedule at present but these vaccines can be offered on an individual basis. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   58 Hepatitis B diagnosis Antenatal screening practice for Hepatitis B and C. Baig, Saeeda E-mail:baigsaeeda@yahoo.com Ziauddin Medical University - Department of Biochemistry JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 137-138 (5 ref.) Keywords: Hepatitis B-transmission; Hepatitis C-diagnosis; Hepatitis C-transmission; Communicable Diseases- diagnosis; Mass Screening; Education, Medical, Continuing; Prenatal Diagnosis Hepatitis B and C: value of universal antenatal screening. Sheikh, Saba Munib E-mail:drsaba2002@yahoo.com PECHS Trauma and General Hospital - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 179-182 (26 ref.) Keywords: Hepatitis C-diagnosis; Hepatitis B-epidemiology; Hepatitis B-transmission; Hepatitis c-epidemiology; Hepatitis C-transmission; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens-diagnostic use; Hepatitis C Antibodies-diagnostic use; Mass Screening; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious-diagnosis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pregnancy; Peritoneal Dialysis Abstract: To determine the positive yield of universal antenatal screening of hepatitis B and C and its association with known risk factors. Cross-sectional, analytical study. The study was conducted from January to December 2006 at Zainab Panjwani Memorial Hospital, Karachi. All pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] and hepatitis C virus [HCV] antibodies during antenatal period irrespective of the presence of known risk factors. Carriers i.e. women whose HBV or HCV infection positive status was already laboratory confirmed on first antenatal visit were excluded. Screening was performed by Acu-check one strip test [chromatographic immunoassay] in serum. Women screened positive were interviewed, a questionnaire was filled inquiring about the history of any risk factors predisposing to these infections. Frequency of positive cases was determined in those with risk factors and those without. The proportion was compared using Chi-square test. Of the 2592 pregnant women screened during the study period, 09 [0.34%] were HBsAg positive and 18 [0.69%] were HCV antibodies positive. None was found to be a carrier of both viruses. There were 1004 primigravidas, who had no recallable risk factor, and of those, 02 [0.19%] and 09 [0.89%] were HBV and HCV carriers respectively. No significant association of risk factors was seen in both HBV [p=0.310] and HCV [p=0.328]. There was no significant association of risk factors with HBV and HCV infection, thus necessitating the need of universal antenatal screening. However, large scale epidemiological/multicentric studies are required to determine the cost-effectiveness of the screening and prevention of vertical transmission. Hepatitis B virus diagnosis Occult hepatitis B virus infection among anti-HBc only positive individuals in the southeast of Iran in high prevalence of HBV icfection region. Sharifi Mood, B.; Sanei Moghaddam, E.; Ghasem Zadeh, I.; Khosravi, S. E-mail:batoolsharifi@yahoo.com Zahedan University of Medical Sciences - Boo Ali Hospital IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 90-92 (17 ref.) Keywords: Hepatitis B virus-pathogenicity; Hepatitis B virus-genetics; Hepatitis B virus-immunology; Hepatitis B Antibodies-diagnistic use; Polymerase Chain Reaction-utilization; Cross-Sectional Studies; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Abstract: The persistence of HBV-DNA in the serum of hepatitis B surface antigen negative individuals with or without the presence of HBV antibodies is termed occult HBV infection. From April 2005 to November 2006, we evaluated 110 patients who had only a positive test for anti-HBc. Out of 110 anti-HBc positive samples, HBV-DNA was detected in three cases. Positive samples for HBV-DNA had a level normal of ALT. HBV-DNA can be detected among anti-HBc only positive samples. Therefore, further testing for detection of HBV-DNA is recommended on each anti-HBc only positive individual. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   59 Hepatitis B, Chronic psychology Depression and health related quality of life in non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients and hepatitis B carriers. Altindag, Abdurrahman; Cadirci, Dursun; Sirmatel, Fatma E-mail:aaltindag@yahoo.com Gaziantep University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Psychiatry Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 56-59 (17 ref.) Keywords: Carrier State; Hepatitis B virus; Depression; Quality of Life; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Case-Control Studies Abstract: To measure health related quality of life and level of depression among patients with noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients and hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] carriers. The study was conducted at Psychiatry, Gastroenterology, and Infectious Disease Outpatients Clinics of the Harran University, Sanliurfa, Southeastern Turkey, between April and June 2005. A case control study design was used to determine the effect of hepatitis B infection on depressive symptoms and quality of life. The Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] for depressive symptoms, the Short Form-36 for measuring health related quality of life [HRQOL], and semi-structured interviews for assessing psychosocial variables were used. Thirty patients who met the criteria for being diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B, 30 inactive HBsAg carriers, and 30 healthy subjects were included in the study. It was found that hepatitis B had a significantly negative impact on quality of life, both in terms of physical function, and mental health. Our results showed that HRQOL in asymptomatic carriers is comparable to those of non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients and worse than healthy controls. Our findings suggest that not only chronic hepatitis B patients, but also HBsAg carriers need emotional support. Therefore, on-going collaboration between hepatology and infection clinics and psychiatric liaison is needed. Hip Fractures complications Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy and dynamic hip screw fixation for trochanteric nonunion. Farouk, Osama Assiut University - Faculty of Medicine - Orthopaedic Department Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 1-8 (18 ref.) Keywords: Fractures, Malunited; Reoperation; Osteotomy; Bone Plates; Follow-Up Studies; Treatment Outcome; Fractures, Ununited Abstract: Nonunion of intertrochanteric fractures is uncommon, but gives rise to severe disability. Nonunion is usually preceded by drifting of the fracture into a varus position and external rotation leading to mal-non-union, which presents the difficulty of mal-position, shortening and non-union, Twelve patients with trochanteric nonunion were treated at the authors' institution. They were 7 men and 5 women. Age ranged between 26 to 72 years [average 53 years]. Six patients were not treated before and six presented after failed internal fixation. All patients underwent the same treatment protocol consisting of the following surgical steps: [1] Direct fracture exposure and excision of the fibrous non-union between the fracture fragments, [2] Intertrochanteric valgus osteotomy, and [3] The use of dynamic hip screw [DHS] for internal fixation. Duration of nonunion varied from 16 weeks to 17 months [mean 28 weeks]. The average limb shortening before surgery was 3.4 cm [range 2-5 cm]. Intertrochanteric osteotomy was healed in less than 12 weeks and fracture union was achieved in all patients. Time to fracture union ranged between 12 to 20 weeks [average 14 weeks]. The average valgisation angle was 34° [range 20°-45°], and the average surgical lengthening was 2.6 cm [range 1-4 cm]. An external rotational deformity of the limb of less than 20° persisted in three patients. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head was reported only in one patient. Follow up ranged from 10 to 48 months [average 22 months]. Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy and DHS fixation provide a good solution for nonunion of trochanteric fractures. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   60 HIV Infections epidemiology Seroprevalence of HIV infection among psychiatric patients in Benin City, Nigeria. Omoregie, Richard; Efam, Monday O.; Ihongbe, John C.; Ogefere, Helen O.; Omokaro, Evelyn U. E-mail:richyomos@yahoo.com University of Benin Teaching Hospital - School of Medical Laboratory Sciences Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 100-101 (5 ref.) Keywords: Psychiatry; Mental Disorders; Seroepidemiologic Studies HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins immunology Effect of a high dairy diet on serum antibody titers to heat shock protein 27 in overweight and obese children. Safarian, Mohammad; Vakili, Rahim; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Nematy, Mohsen; Dahri, Monireh; Tavallaie, Shima; Lotfian, Elham; Khorashadizadeh, Mona; Ferns, Gordon; Ghayour Mobarhan, Majid Mashhad University of Medical Sciences - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2009; 19 (1): 41-46 (31 ref.) Keywords: Body Mass Index; Overweight-diet therapy; Overweight-immunology; Antibodies-blood; Antibodies- analysis; Antibodies-immunology; Dairy Products; Atherosclerosis-diet therapy; Atherosclerosis-immunology; Obesity- diet therapy; Obesity-immunology; Calcium-imunology; Calcium-therapeutic use Abstract: An immune response to heat shock proteins appears to be involved in atherogenesis. To date, there has been no report on the impact of dairy or calcium consumption on serum antibody titers to heat shock protein 27 [anti- HSP27]. We have investigated whether an increase in dairy food consumption is capable of affecting serum antibody titers to heat shock protein 27 [anti-HSP27] level in children. Overweight and obese children [n=99, age: 12-18 y, body mass index: 27-40 kg/m2] were randomized to receive a calorie restricted diet providing a 500 kcal/d deficit from total energy expenditure and two [n=38], three [n=26] or four [n=35] servings of dairy products/day. Serum anti-HSP27 level in addition to the serum hs-CRP and lipid profile were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. Serum anti-HSP27 concentrations did not change significantly in any of the mentioned groups. Serum hs-CRP and lipid profile did not change significantly either, apart from a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol in the low-dairy group. An increased intake of dairy products does not lead to a significant change in serum anti-HSP27 level in overweight and obese children. Hypericum metabolism St. John's Wort modulates brain regional serotonin metabolism in swim stressed rats. Ara, Iffat; Bano, Samina University of Karachi - Clinical Biochemistry and Psychopharmacology Research Unit - Department of Biochemistry Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 94-101 (49 ref.) Keywords: Brain; Swimming; Rats, Wistar; Behavior; Corticosterone Abstract: Present study has investigated acute effects of Saint Johns Wort [SJW, 500 mg/kg] administration on behavioral, neuroendocrine responses and serotonergic activity following forced swim test [FST] exposure in rats. The results show that SJW increased swimming and climbing behaviour of rats during FST exposure. Swim stress produced significant reduction in serum total tryptophan [P < 0.01], increase in corticosterone [P < 0.01] and 5-hydroxytryptamine [serotonin, 5-HT] turnover in hypothalamus by 100% [P < 0.01], amygdala by 148% [P < 0.01], and hippocampus by 41% [P < 0.05] when compared with unstressed saline injected group. SJW in swim stressed rats when compared with saline injected stressed rats altered neither lowered serum tryptophan nor enhanced HPA axis response, however 5HT was found to be increased by 110% [P < 0.01], 163% [P < 0.01] and 172% [P < 0.01], in hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus respectively. 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid [5HIAA] was also found to be increased in hypothalamus by 74% [P < 0.01], amygdala by 45% [P < 0.01] and hippocampus by 143.5% [P < 0.01]. Further SJW administration in unstressed rats showed decrease in tryptophan [P < 0.01], increase in IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   61 corticosterone [P < 0.01], 5HT was found to be decreased in hypothalamus [47%, P < 0.01] and in amygdala [13%, P < 0.05] with no change in hippocampus, while 5HIAA was found increased in hypothalamus by 58% [P < 0.01], amygdale by 203% [P < 0.01] and hippocampus by 171% [P < 0.01]. The data shows that SJW affects circulating tryptophan and corticosterone in absence of conditioned stress but not in its presence. In conclusion, SJW increases intraneuronal 5HT metabolism but inhibits its release under adverse conditions proving its anxiolytic property. Thus, these effects produced by the SJW add to our understanding of the interactions between SJW and stress induced behavioral, neuroendocrine and serotonergic alterations. Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital genetics Sanjad-Sakati syndrome/Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 1: a study of 21 cases in Kuwait. Naguib, K.K.; Gouda, S.A.; Elshafey, A.; Mohammed, F.; Bastaki, L.; Azab, A.S.; Alawadi, S.A. E-mail:naguibkk@yahoo.com Ministry of Health - Adan Hospital - Kuwait Medical Genetic Centre EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 345-352 (22 ref.) Keywords: Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital-diagnosis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Mutation-genetics; Parents; Consanguinity; Syndrome; Hypoparathyroidism-congenital; Mental Retardation-congenital Abstract: We studied 21 patients with Sanjad-Sakati syndrome [SSS] from 16 families. Parental consanguinity was recorded in 2 families [12.5%]. All patients had severe intrauterine growth retardation, short stature, small hands and feet, blue sclera, deep-set eyes, microcephaly, persistent hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism. Medullary stenosis was detected in 2 patients. Cytogenetic and fluorescent in situ hybridization studies were normal. All affected persons had homozygous deletion of 12 bp [155-166del] in exon 3 of the TBCE gene. All of the parents were heterozygous carriers of this mutation. The high frequency of SSS and low frequency of consanguineous marriages in this study may reflect a high rate of heterozygous carriers. Hypertension epidemiology Prevalence and predictors of white-coat hypertension in a large database of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Abir Khalil, S.; Zaimi, S.; Tazi, M.A.; Bendahmane, S.; Bensaoud, O.; Benomar, M. E-mail:sadabir@hotmail.com Avicenne Hospital - Moroccan League for the Control of Cardiovascular Diseases - Department of Cardiology EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 400-407 (29 ref.) Keywords: Hypertension-etiology; Prevalence; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Hypotension; Physicians' Offices Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine both the prevalence of white-coat effect and white-coat hypertension [WCH] and which selected clinical variables were predictors of WCH. A total of 2462 patients underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring either in borderline hypertension [group 1] or for assessment of antihypertensive treatment [group 2] or for hypotension [group 3]. In the overall population 33.0% of patients showed WCH, 32.8% in group 1 and 37.0% in group 2. In multivariate analysis, sex and grade of hypertension were independent predictors of WCH in groups 1 and 2. physiopathology Significant measurement of mean carotid intima-media thickness in sustained essential hypertension. Hussein, Ismail l.; Al Nimer, Marwan S. Al Mustansiriyia University - College of Medicine - Department of Physiology Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 31-36 (23 ref.) Keywords: Hypertension-ultrasonography; Carotid Artery, Internal-ultrasonography; Carotid Artery, Common- ultrasonography; Tunica Intima; Ultrasonography, Doppler IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   62 Abstract: To assess the significant association of atherosclerosis quantified by screening intima media thickness of bilateral common and internal carotid arteries in patients with asymptomatic and persistent hypertension with and without ischemic stroke. To assess the significant association of atherosclerosis quantified by screening intima media thickness of bilateral common and internal carotid arteries in patients with asymptomatic and persistent hypertension with and without ischemic stroke. The mean diameter as well as intima media thickness of common and internal carotid arteries was significantly higher in group IV than group II, II, and group I. These changes were associated with significant increased fasting serum cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein, and decreased high-density lipoprotein. Intima media thickness above one mm was significantly observed in hypertension with ischemic stroke [odd ratio 1.37]. The results support the importance of screening asymptomatic as well as sustained treated hypertension by carotid ultrasound Doppler. Hypertension, Pulmonary drug therapy Sildenafil in treatment of pulmonary hypertension in the pediatric age group: an Egyptian experience. El Said, Howaida G.; Tomerak, Rania H.; Makar, Samuel H.; Hasanen, Ashraf Sayed Cairo University - Department of Pediatrics Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 219-224 (24 ref.) Keywords: Piperazines-Administration and dosage; Child; Echocardiography; Follow-Up Studies; Sulfones; Purines; 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterase-antagonists and inhibtors; Pediatrics Abstract: Pulmonary hypertension [PH] in children is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure >/= 25mmHg at rest or >/= 30 mmHg during exercise. Until last decade the diagnosis of primary PH [PPH] was a sentence of death. Sildenafil which is originally FDA approved for erectile dysfunction, has the ability to lower the pulmonary vascular pressure by inhibiting phosphodiesterase enzyme found richly in pulmonary vasculature and is tried nowadays in treating PH. Although Sildenafil use for PH in adults was recently approved by FDA, the data in pediatric population are scarce .This study aims at evaluating the use of Sildenafil in treating pediatric patients with PH. Twelve pediatric patients between January 2006 and January 2007 were Included in this study. Inclusion criteria were the presence of pulmonary hypertension diagnosed by transthoiracic echo. Patients were treated with oral Sildenafil [dose started at 0.1 mg/kg/dose every 6 to 8 hours and increased to 0.5 mg/kg/dose in children and up to 50 mg every 8 hours in adolescents]. Assessments of efficacy in terms of clinical improvement and/or decrease in pulmonary artery pressure by echocardiography were used as end points. Follow up was between 2 weeks and 7 months. Twelve patients presented with pulmonary hypertension with a mean age 7.7 years [range 0.3-15]. Five with primary pulmonary hypertension 1 with unoperated total anomalous pulmonary venous return [TAPVR], 5 postoperative complex cyanotic CHD and 1 with PH secondary to rheumatoid arthritis and lung fibrosis. After oral Sildenafil administration, there was an improvement in symptoms in 11/12 patients. Right ventricular pressure [RVP] decreased from a mean of 75 mmHg [range 61-118 mmHg] to a mean of 52.7 mmHg [range 35-90 mmHg] [p < 0.005]. Mean RVP to mean Systolic Systemic Pressure [SSP] improved from 0.8:1 [range 0.5 to 0.1] to a mean of 0.5:1 [range 0.3-0.8], [p 0.004].Percentage of oxygen saturation increased from a mean of 77% [range 58-97%] to a mean of 88% [range 70-98%] [p 0.009]. Sildenafil is well tolerated in its oral form and appears to improve both pulmonary hemodynamics and the clinical status of pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension as early as 2 weeks of therapy. Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular diagnosis [Differentiation between physiological left ventricular hypertrophy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of athletes, usefulness Doppler tissue imaging]. Lakhdhar, R.; Drissa, M.A.; Cheour, M.; Ben Mansour, N.; Drissa, H. "Adult" Hospital - Cardiology Department - Rabta, Tunisia Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 222-224 (19 ref.) Keywords: Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic-diagnosis; Ultrasonography, Doppler; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Sports Abstract: Athlete's heart is a cardiac adaptation to long-term, intensive training, wich includes physiological changes as increased ventricular cavity, wall thickness and mass. Maron highlighted a "gray zone" of wall thickness with difficult distinction between physiological left ventricular hypertrophy of athletes from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [HCM]. The aim of the study is to analyse the data published about the diagnostic tools wich differentiate between physiological athlete's left ventricular hypertrophy and HCM. Even if the standard two-dimensional echocardiography represents an IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   63 irreplaceable method in the evaluation of cardiac adaptations to physical exercice, the data currently available suggests the usefulness of Doppler tissue imaging [DTI] in the distinction between HCM and athlete's heart. The authors, will report the best DTI parameters recommended in this setting. The best DTI parameter to differentiate pathological hypertrophy of HCM from physiological hypertrophy of athletes was the gradient of diastolic velocity between the endocardium and the epicardium. On this ground, DTI may be taken into account in the Maron's diagnosis cascade. Injections Injection safety at primary health care level in south-western Saudi Arabia. Mahfouz, A.A.; Abdel Moneim, I.; Khan, M.Y.; Daffalla, A.A.; Diab, M.M.; Shaban, H.; Al Amri, H.S. E-mail:mahfouz@kku.edu.sa King Khalid University - College of Medicine - Department of Family and Community Medicine EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 443-450 (18 ref.) Keywords: Safety; Primary Health Care-manpower; Questionnaires; Needlestick Injuries; Risk Factors; Physicians; Nurses Abstract: In a study of injection safety in Abha health district, Saudi Arabia, data were collected from 47 physicians and 85 nurses at 24 primary health care centres, using an observation checklist and an interview questionnaire. All centres used individually packed disposable syringes and puncture-proof containers to collect used needles. Needlestick injury in the previous year was reported by 14.9% of physicians and 16.5% of nurses [0.21 and 0.38 injuries/person/year respectively]. Logistic regression analysis identified recapping the needle after use [physicians and nurses] and bending the needle before disposal [physicians] as significant risk factors for injury. Insulin Resistance The effectiveness of beta adrenoceptor antagonists on progression of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in high fat diet-fed rats. Khalifa, Mohamed Montaser A.; Mangoura, Safwat A.; El Moselhy, Mohamed A.; El Daly, Mahmoud E. Minia University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology SPJ - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2009; 17 (1): 19-28 (63 ref.) Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Dietary Fats; Rats; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Abstract: The effects of carvedilol a third generation beta-blocker on progression of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus were compared to the prototypic non-selective beta-blocker, propranolol. Male albino rats were fed a high fat diet [HFD] for 3 months to induce insulin resistance and mild type 2 diabetes [T2DM] Oral administration of carvedilol [2 or 20 mg/kg], propranolol [30 mg/kg], or vehicle was started along with HFD in different groups. Indices of body composition and insulin resistance, oral glucose tolerance, fasting serum insulin levels, lipid profile, serum levels of lipid peroxidation markers as well as levels of advanced glycosylation end products were determined. In high fat-fed animals, an increase in body composition index, area under the oral glucose tolerance curve, fasting serum insulin, and insulin resistance were observed in comparison to normal diet controls. In addition, significant dyslipidemic changes were also observed in these animals. Moreover, in concordance with these hyperglycemic and dyslipidemic changes, HFD significantly increased serum levels of markers of lipid peroxidation and advanced glycosylation end products [AGEs]. On the other hand, beta-adrenergic blockers treatment showed better effects on glucose disposal, insulin levels, and insulin resistance. However, carvedilol treatments showed enhanced lipid profiles and lower AGEs when compared to propranolol treatment in HFD animals. These preferential metabolic effects of carvedilol can be attributed to its antioxidant effects and negative regulation of lipolysis. We concluded that carvedilol have protective effects against the development of insulin resistance and T2DM, in addition to amelioration of the consequent cardiovascular complications. Internal-External Control Effect of locus of control on job stress and intent to leave for nurses at Assiut University Hospital. Ragab, Sabuh S.; Ghallab, Soad A.; Youssef, Hala R.; Abdulla, Samah M. Assiut University - Faculty of Nursing - Nursing Adimnistration Depertmant Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 133-148 (61 ref.) Keywords: Job Satisfaction; Stress, Psychological; Nurses; Hospitals, University; Nursing Staff IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   64 Abstract: This study aimed to assess the effect of locus of control on Job Stress and intent to leave for nurses working at Assiut Main University Hospital. The study sample consists of staff nurses [306], from all units .Data were collected through assistance of the head nurses by using the demographic data sheet, locus of control sheet, Job stress sheet and intent to leave sheet. The majority of nurses in Assiut Main University Hospital were women with internal locus of control, and complained from high job stress and about one third of them intent to leave the work. There was a highly significant difference between job stress and intent to leave. The most influential items lead to high stress among nurses were related to feeling of responsibility, role conflict and work overload. While items lead to leave work were related to social and personal factors, hospital factors and job content factors. Also only 9.8% from the total subjects connected for further education. Finally the difficult scheduling system is the first factor to change career in nursing while fixed career ladder is considered the last factor. So the study revealed that the relation between job stress and intent to leave is positive. This research recommends that, increase number of nurses, fixable scheduling system, give nurses opportunity to grow, provide a childcare services for staff nurses children, and identify hospital policies to new staff nurses will help in solving the problems. Jaundice, Neonatal Comparative study of visual assessment of neonatal jaundice and laboratory estimation of total serum bilirubin in full-term newborn infants. Abdou, Magdy O.; Ghazal, Hesham A.; Gouda, Mohammed H.; Abdul Al, Doaa M. Alexandria University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pediatrics Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 253-257 Keywords: Biological Markers; Bilirubin-blood; Vision, Ocular; Infant, Newborn Abstract: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is the most common condition that requires medical attention in newborns. The assessment of jaundice can be carried out using several methods. The aim of this work is to compare visual assessment and laboratory estimation of TSB in full term newborn infants and to evaluate the accuracy of visual assessment of neonatal jaundice in guiding management decisions in the out-patient settings. The study was conducted in the out-patient clinic of Alexandria University Children's Hospital for a period of eight months. 57.2% of babies were male infants while 42.8% were females with a mean gestational age of 38.5 +/- 1.58 weeks and mean weight of 2.98 +/- 0.62 kg. The total agreement between the lab-based management decision and the clinically based decision was 84.2% out of 500 cases involved in the study. Sensitivity of visual assessment was 95.8% while specificity was 80.5%. The false positive rate was 39.2% and positive predictive value was 60.8%. False negative rate and negative predictive value were 1.6% and 94.8% respectively. Also, the Spearman correlation of dermal zones determined by visual assessment and lab TSB in the whole sample was 0.76 [p = 0.000]. It was highest in Infants < 3 days [0.94] and lowest in infants > 14 days [0.69]. In conclusion, visual assessment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a useful clinical tool, if used correctly and by trained medical personnel in resource-poor countries, where there is little or no access to reliable laboratory-based diagnostic services. A comparison of transcutaneous and total serum bilirubin in Egyptian neonates. Seoud, Iman; Tomerak, Rania H.; Kamel, Nermin R.M.; Said, Hala M.; Mohamed, Mohamed F. Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pediatrics Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 265-268 (20 ref.) Keywords: Neonatal Screening; Bilirubin-blood; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures Abstract: Previous studies have suggested that transcutaneous bilirubinometry [TcB] may provide a useful method for screening for significant jaundice, thereby reducing unnecessary blood tests. The present study aimed to evaluate the validity of TcB versus serum bilirubin [TSB] measurements in Egyptian full term babies. Babies born at more than 34 weeks gestation who had not previously been exposed to phototherapy and were requiring blood sampling in the first week of life were inducted in the study. TcB measurements were made at the same time as. SB for 150 neonate [57% males and 43% females]. There was a significant positive correlation between SB and TcB measurements [n = 150, p < 0.0001] and TcB was more accurate in serum bilirubin level more than18mg/dl. Bilirubin can be measured accurately by TcB, but before hospital admission or exchange transfusion, SB should be done. Further studies should be done on neonates with different skin color and preterm babies. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   65 Juniperus toxicity In vitro cytotoxicity of two subspecies of juniperus excelsa on cancer cells. Sadeghi aliabadi, Hojjat; Emami, Ahmad; Sadeghi, Babak; Jafarian, Abbas E-mail:sadeghi@pharm.mui.ac.ir Isfahan University of Medical Sciences - School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2009; 11 (4): 250-253 (15 ref.) Keywords: Hela Cells; Neoplasms; Plant Exracts-toxicity; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Abstract: The cytotoxic effects of crude ethanol extracts of some previously tested Iranian conifers on tumor cell lines have motivated us to screen different parts of two subspecies in these genus. Terminal branchlets and berries of Juniperus excelsa subsp. excelsa and J. excelsa subsp. polycarpos were collected, dried and extracted with ethanol/H2O [80/20 v/v] via percolation procedure. Extracts were dried, reconstituted in ethanol and cytotoxic effects of different concentrations were determined on cancer cells by ELISA, using MTT assay. MDA-MB-468, Hela and KB cells were used in this study. The extracts of the branchlets of male and female of J. excelsa subsp. polycarpos as well as berries extract of J. excelsa subsp. excelsa showed inhibitory activities against KB cells. Extracts of female branchlets and berries of J. excelsa subsp. polycarpos were cytotoxic against all 3 cell lines. In conclusion, obtained extracts from J. excelsa subsp. polycarpos showed cytotoxic effects against most tested cell lines which was comparable to doxorubicin; whereas, berries extracts of J. excelsa subsp. Excels showed inhibitory effects only against KB cells. Ketorolac Tromethamine chemistry Physicomechanical properties and release characteristics of ketorolac trometh-amine from chitosan films: effect of inclusion of different polyols plasticizers. Zen aldeen, E.A.; Hussein, A.K.; Ibrahim, M.A.; Amin, M.A. Tanta University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 2008; 31: 229-247 (20 ref.) Keywords: Plasticizers; X-Ray Diffraction; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Polysness; Chitosan Abstract: The film-forming ability of chitosan polymer loaded with ketorolac tromethamine [KT] was evaluated. Films were prepared by a casting/solvent evaporation technique from plasticizer - free and plasticizer containing aqueous solutions. Glycerol, sorbitol, and 1-erythritol were used as plasticizers. Solid state of the films was studied by powder X-ray diffractometry [PXRD], and differential scanning calorimetry [DSC]. The plasticizing efficiency was evaluated by measuring the physicomechanical properties as modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, percent of elongation and swelling ratio. The medicated films - plasticized or free - were clear and colorless. A plasticizer concentration of 20% [w/w of polymer weight] was sufficient to obtain flexible films with all tested samples. X-ray diffration patterns and DSC thermograms indicated an amorphous state of the films independent on the type of the plasticizer used. The results have showed that, incorporation of different polyols as plasticizer s improves the consistency and the physicomechanical properties of the films. The plasticizers effect was dependant on the hydrophilicity and chemical structure of both plasticizer and polymer. The release profile of the drug was also significantly increased by addition of polyols as plasticizers. Moreover, the drug release pattern was found to follow Higuchi-diffusion model. Kidney Failure, Chronic metabolism The relation between dual energy x-ray absorptiometry measurement of body fat composition and plasma ghrelin in patients with end-stage renal disease. Elsayed, Naglaa M.; Hamed, Soha T.; El Khatib, Mohamed M.; El Shehaby, Amal M. E-mail:naglaamostafaelsayed@yahoo.com Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Radiology IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   66 Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 109-115 (37 ref.) Keywords: Adipose Tissue; Absorptiometry, Photon; Ghrelin-blood; Renal Dialysis; Cohort Studies Abstract: To clarify the role of ghrelin in malnutrition in uremia and its relationship to fat composition using dual x-ray absorptiometry DXA. This is a cohort study including Group I: 60 patients with end stage renal disease 30 on hemodialysis [group IA] and 30 pre-dialysis [group IB] and Group II: 20 controls. This study was carried out in Cairo University Hospital, Kasr Al-Aini, Cairo, Egypt in 2007. Body fat composition total, differential, and lean body mass was assessed using DXA, and plasma ghrelin was measured. Ghrelin was significantly higher in hemodialysis and pre- dialysis groups compared to the control group, and higher in hemodialysis group compared to the pre-dialysis group. In hemodialysis, ghrelin was negatively correlated with weight, body mass index BMI, and truncal fat mass, and positively correlated with serum creatinine. In pre-dialysis, ghrelin inversely correlated with weight, BMI, and truncal fat mass, and positively correlated with serum creatinine, lean body mass. In control, plasma ghrelin showed negative correlation with weight, BMI, truncal fat mass, and body fat mass, and positive correlation with lean body mass. Ghrelin was markedly elevated in renal failure due to its decrease in excretion. Negative correlation between ghrelin and fat composition was detected in dialysis patients. Serial evaluation of body fat composition using DXA is recommended for assessment of nutritional status of those patients. Laryngeal Neoplasms diagnosis Role of apoptosis proteins survivin, BAX and BCL-XL in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma progression. Abdelhamid, Waleed A.M.; Muhammad, Eman M.S.; El Refaiy, Abeer Sohag University - Faculty of Medicine - Departments of E.N.T. and Pathology Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 93-100 (20 ref.) Keywords: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Apoptosis; Neoplasm Metastasis; Immunohistochemistry; Neoplasm Staging; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; bcl-X Protein Abstract: We used immunohistochemistry to investigate a potential role of SVV as an early predictor of malignant transformation in precancerous and cancerous lesions of the larynx, we also sought to examine the expression of Bcl- X[L] and Bax in laryngeal SCC analyze the relationships between their expression and prognostic factors including site, histological grade, clinical staging and lymph node metastasis. This study included 6 normal laryngeal mucosae, 7 dysplastic laryngeal epithelia, 5 in situ laryngeal carcinomas, and 32 hiopsied laryngeal SCC. Clinical evaluation was done. Specimens were forma I in-fixed, paraffin-embedded, stained with H and E, classified and graded according to WHO classification, [2005] and immunostained to detect Survivin and Bcl-X[L]. and Bax proteins using the avidinbiotin peroxidase method. Survivin expression gradually increased significantly 'with advance of laryngeal carcinoma through the sequence of dysplasia, in situ carcinoma and infiltrating carcinoma [P < 0.04]. There is a statistically significant increase in Survivin expression with increasing tumor grade [P < 0.03] and with advance in clinical staging [P < 0.01]. Regarding lymph node metastasis SVV was more expressed in laryngeal SCC exhibiting lymph node metastasis [P < 0.02]. Bax expression was decreased significantly in infiltrating laryngeal carcinoma [P < 0.04] compared with premalignant lesions of the larynx. In contrast, Bcl-X[L] was increased significantly with the advance of laryngeal. carcinoma through dysplasia, carcinoma sequence [P < 0.02]. There was no statistically significant difference in either Bax or Bcl-X[L] expression considering tumor differentiation, advanced clinical staging or lymph node metastasis. Survivin plays cm important role in the initiation of laryngeal cancer and its progression towards higher grades, invasion and metastasis. Bax and Bcl-X[L] play their role early in cancer initiation but have nothing to do as the tumor progresses to higher grades, infiltrates deeply, or giving lymph node metastasis. Laurus Variation in the essential oil composition of Laurus nobilis L. of different growth stages cultivated in Iran. Verdian rizi, Mohammadreza E-mail:mverdian@razi.tums.ac.ir Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacognosy Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2009; 5 (1): 33-36 (14 ref.) Keywords: Oils, Volatile; Lauraceae; Cyclohexanols; Monoterpenes; Eugenol Abstract: The chemical variations of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Laurus nobilis L.[Lauraceae] have been studied. Plant material has been harvested at each phenological status [vegetative, before anthesis, full flowering and seed-bearing]. The oils were obtained by hydro distillation of the air-dried samples. Analysis by GC and GC/MS of the essential oils have allowed to identify 49 components. The main components were 1,8-cineole, trans-sabinene hydrate, alpha-terpinyl acetate, methyl eugenol, sabinene, eugenol and alpha-Pinene. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   67 Leiomyosarcoma diagnosis Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: a case report. Karami, A.; Azizi, S.; Payombarnia, A.; Rezaee, N.; Azarpira, N. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - Department of Surgery IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 96-99 (15 ref.) Keywords: Leiomyosarcoma-epidemiology; Leiomyosarcoma-therapy; Vena Cava, Inferior-pathology; Prognosis; Sarcoma-classification; Radiotherapy; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Leiomyosarcoma-surgery Abstract: Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava [IVC] is a rare sarcoma, but it is the most common primary malignancy of the IVC. It has an extremely gloomy prognosis. We describe a 40 year-old white female complaining of abdominal fullness for 7 weeks before she sought medical assistance. Initial work-up including sonography and computed tomography showed a huge tumoral mass in the abdominal cavity seemingly originating from the IVC with displacement of the right ureter and hydronephrosis. The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor. Pathologic diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma. Postoperatively, she was placed on coumadin and adjuvant chemotherapy was started. Considering the aggressiveness of this tumor, early radical enblock resection with clear margins is still the only chance for long-term survival. Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous epidemiology Clinical spectrum of nasal leishmaniasis in muzaffarabad. Arfan ul Bari E-mail:albariul@gmail.com Combined Military Hospital - Department of Dermatology JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 146-149 (24 ref.) Keywords: Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous-diagnosis; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Leishmania; Nose; Leishmaniasis Abstract: To determine the frequency of nasal leishmaniasis and the presentation of disease involving nose as well as nasal mucosa in patients reporting from the Muzaffarabad district of Azad Jammu and Kashmir [AJK]. Study Design: Case series. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Muzaffarabad, from January 2006 to May 2008. Methodology: All patients belonging to Muzaffarabad district of AJK, clinically suggestive of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis [CL] and supported by laboratory diagnosis were registered. Diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical characteristics of the lesions, laboratory demonstration of leishmania trophozoite bodies on skin smears or skin biopsies and therapeutic trials. Those having lesions primarily on nose, irrespective of age and gender were included in the study. All those cases with primary lesion elsewhere over face and secondarily involving nose [by extension of primary lesion] were excluded. Various demographical features of the patients and clinical patterns of the lesions were recorded in all cases and subsequently categorized accordingly. Results: Seventy three out of 252 [29%] cases of nasal leishmaniasis were encountered. Male to female ratio was 43:30. Fifty five had solitary lesions which were restricted only to nose in 51 patients. Morphological patterns included psoriasiform [30], furunculoid [8], nodular [13], lupoid [8], mucocutaneous [4], rhinophymous [3], erysipeloid [1], basal cell carcinoma-like [1], discoid lupus erythematosis-like [1], mutilating [2], verruciform [1] and keloidal [1]. Conclusion: Nose was a common site of involvement in CL, where the disease can present in various forms. In endemic areas, CL should be included in the differential diagnosis of all nasal lesions. Leukemia microbiology Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections in adult patients with leukemia in Kuwait cancer control center. Omar, Abeer Aly; Al Mousa, Haifaa Ministry of Health - Kuwait Cancer Control Center - Infection Control Office IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   68 KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (1): 31-36 (29 ref.) Keywords: Infections-microbiology; Delivery of Health Care; Adult; Prospective Studies; Gram-Negative Bacteria- drug effects; Ciprofloxacin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Keukemia-Lymphoma; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Abstract: To study the incidence, types and microbial etiology of healthcare-associated infections affecting adult patients with leukemia and the antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria to ciprofloxacin. Prospective study. Kuwait Cancer Control Center [KCCC], Kuwait. All adult patients suffering from different types of leukemia, managed in the Hematology-Oncology unit over a period of 15 months [January 2006 - March 2007]. Prospective surveillance of healthcare-associated infections. Overall incidence density rate of healthcare-associated infections was 13.4/1000 patient days. Patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia [AML] had the highest infection rate [16.2/1000 patient days]. The rates were significantly higher in acute types of leukemia than chronic ones [p = 0.001]. Infections develop significantly more in female patients [p < 0.001]. The most frequently reported infections were blood stream infections [BSI, 46.9%] followed by skin and soft tissue infections [SST, 25.7%]. Eighty-three percent of BSI was central line-associated. Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi were isolated from 69.9, 18.6 and 4.4% of all infections respectively. Escherichia coli [E. coli] were isolated from 35.2% of all microbiologically- documented infections followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa [15.2%]. Majority of the isolated Gram-negative bacteria were ciprofloxacin resistant including E. coli, with 97.3% resistance to ciprofloxacin. Majority of the infections [80.5%] were associated with a neutrophil count of < 500 cell/mm[3] in patients receiving ciprofloxacinprophylaxis. Infections remain a major complication in adults with acute leukemia. Continuous monitoring of the rate of Gram-negative bacteremia is recommended for timely detection of the loss of efficacy of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis. Lidocaine therapeutic use Preemptive effects of Lidocain on postoperative pain in patients undergoing disc operation: a Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fakharian, E.; Fazel, M.R.; Tabesh, H.; Masoud, S.A. E-mail:efakharian@gmail.com Kashan University of Medical Sciences - Trauma Research Center - Department of Neurosurgery IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 37-41 (28 ref.) Keywords: Lidocaine-administration and dosage; Lidocaine-adverse effects; Pain, Postoperative-prevention and control; Pain, Postoperative-therapy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Intervertebral Disk Displacement-surgery; Pain Measurement-methods; Narcotics-administration and dosage Abstract: Postoperative pain is a major poorly managed problem in millions of operations performed all over the world each year. Since infiltration of the operative field with lidocain as a local anesthetic is very cheap, it is easily available, and there are few side effects, this study aimed to evaluate its efficacy on post-op-pain of patients undergoing open intervertebral disc surgery. In this double blind clinical trial on 188 patients undergoing elective open intervertebral disc operation, the surgical incision site was infiltrated with 2 ml of 1/500,000 epinephrine for each centimeter in the control group and the same solution with 20 mg lidocain for each centimeter of the incision in the case group. Post-oppain was measured with visual analog scale [VAS] in the 6[th], 12[th], 24[th], and 48[th] hours. The mean age was 41.8 +/- 12.4 for the study group, and 43.5 +/- 15.6 for the control one. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in pain severity in females, but for males it was significant at the 6th and 24th hours. Interestingly, it was more severe in those receiving lidocain. The amount of narcotics used postoperatively revealed no significant difference in the groups. Lidocain used locally before skin incision has no effect on reducing post-op-pain, post-op- narcotics demand, and duration of hospital stay. Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin blood TNF polymorphisms independently predict outcome in patients with B-cell non-hodgkin's lymphoma. Osman, N.F.; Holyoake, T.L.; Zeineldin, A.; Elkordy, A.A.; McQuaker, I.G. Royal Infirmary - Section of Experimental Haematology - Department of Clinical and Laboratory Haematology Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention 2009; 2 (1): 19-27 (30 ref.) Keywords: Lymphoma, B-Cell-blood; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha-analysis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha-blood; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome; Polymorphism, Genetic IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   69 Abstract: Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha [TNF alpha] and Lymphotoxin alpha [LT alpha] have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative disorders. Patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL] often have high serum levels of TNF which may be associated with a poor outcome. TNF alpha and LT alpha polymorphisms are known to influence expression of these cytokines and may explain the variable response to therapy. In patients with NHL, serum levels of TNF alpha and LT alpha were measured. DNA was typed using allele specific PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism for the -308 TNFalpha and +252 LT alpha polymorphisms and comparison was made with clinical outcome. The presence of high producing alleles was significantly associated with high serum levels of TNF alpha and LT alpha. The presence of 2 or more high producing alleles was significantly associated with more advanced disease at presentation [stage III and IV], p = 0.024, a higher International Prognostic Index [IPI] score, p = 0.038, failure to achieve a complete remission [CR] after 1st line therapy [88% vs 33%, p = 0.01] and shorter progression free survival [PFS] [median 24 months compared with 78 months, p = 0.001]. Multivariate analysis confirmed that TNF high-risk haplotype [HRH] was an independent prognostic factor for PFS. These results demonstrate that TNF polymorphisms are independent prognostic factors in NHL. Further study is required to further define the importance of TNF polymorphisms within different lymphoma subtypes and with different therapeutic approaches. Mastitis diagnosis Spectrum of breast tuberculosis. Afridi, Shahida Parveen; Memon, Aisha; Shafiq-ur-Rehman; Memon, Asif; Baig, Noshad E-mail:drshahishakeel@yahoo.com Dow University of Health Sciences - Civil Hospital - Department of Surgery JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 158-161 (28 ref.) Keywords: Breast Diseases-diagnosis; Tuberculosis-diagnosis; Tuberculosis-ultrasonography; Tuberculosis-drug therapy; Tuberculosis-surgery; Mammography; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Lymphatic Diseases; Mastitis-surgery Abstract: To determine the presentation of breast tuberculosis, diagnostic methods and surgical treatments. A case series. This study was conducted at Dow University of Health Sciences and Tuberculosis Clinic at Bantwa Hospital, Kharadar, Karachi, from April 1999 to March 2007. Clinically diagnosed patients of breast tuberculosis, confirmed by laboratory work-up, were included in this study. Detailed history and examination of both breast and axillae were the primary diagnostic measures. Complete blood counts, ESR, Mantoux test, ultrasound, mammogram, fine needle aspiration cytology, staining for acid-fast bacilli both smear and culture were performed. Core biopsy for lumps more than 5 cm and wide excision biopsy for the lump less than 5 cm were the methods applied. Pre-designed research proforma was filled and descriptive statistics of age, site, side, clinical presentations, investigations were recorded and surgical treatment done. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was given to all patients. Thirty patients were studied with mean age of 28.4 years ranging from 16-48 years. Bilateral breast involvement was seen in 2 patients with 14 cases involving the right and left breast. Lymph node involvement was present in 7. Pulmonary tuberculosis was seen in 4 patients. Multifocal disease was present in 27 patients. The clinical presentation was with lump in 6, discharging sinuses in 14, cold abscess in 8, and non-healing ulcer in 2 patients. There were 5 lactating mothers. Montoux test was positive in 5, AFB smear and culture were positive in 3. Only AFB culture was positive in 4. Five patients required core biopsy for diagnosis of confirmation of lump more than 5 cm and wide excision biopsy was required in 7 patients with lump less than 5 cm. Despite antituberculous treatment, surgical management was required in 21 [70%] cases. Tuberculosis of the breast, simulating the carcinoma breast and granulomatous mastitis very closely and are difficult to be differentiated without tissue diagnosis. Surgical management is more often required. pathology Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Ozturk, Erkan; Akin, Murat; Can, Mehmet F.; Ozerhan, Ismail; Kurt, Bulent; Yagci, Gokhan; Tufan, Turgut Gulhane Military University Medical School - Department of General Surgery Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 45-49 (18 ref.) Keywords: Granuloma; Mastitis-diagnosis Abstract: To discuss the clinical and radiological features and treatment approaches in 14 patients diagnosed with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis [GM]. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical features, radiological findings, and treatment approaches in 14 patients with idiopathic GM in the General Surgery Department, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey between April 2000 and June 2006. The mean age of the patients was 34.5 years [range 27- 41 years]. The complaints at admission were a mass in the breast in 7 [50%] patients, an abscess and a mass in 6 [42.8%], and a skin fistula in one [7.2%]. Granulomatous mastitis was unilateral in all subjects [on the right in 5 patients and on the left in 9]. All of the patients underwent ultrasonographic evaluation. Mammography was performed in 8 and magnetic resonance imaging in 5 patients. Seven patients [50%] were suspected to have breast carcinoma according IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   70 to radiological findings. We performed large excision in 11, incisional biopsy plus abscess drainage in one, and incisional biopsy plus abscess drainage plus medical treatment [prednisolone, methotrexate] in 2 patients. Due to the development of abscess after 9 months, drainage and large excision were also performed in one patient who received medical treatment. Idiopathic GM is a disease that generally affects young women of reproductive age and may be mistaken for breast carcinoma in clinical and radiological evaluations. The gold standard for the diagnosis is histopathologic evaluation. Mastoid surgery Comparison of preoperative computerized tomography scan imaging of temporal bone with the intra-operative findings in patients undergoing mastoidectomy. Gerami, Hooshang; Naghavi, Ebrahim; Wahabi Moghadam, Masroor; Forghanparast, Kambiz; Akbar, Manzar H. E-mail:hg_gerami@yahoo.com Guilan University of Medical Science - Amirralmomenin ENT Hospital - Department of Otolaryngology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 104-108 (21 ref.) Keywords: Mastoid-radiography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Temporal Bone-radiography; Intraoperative Care; Preoperative Care; Cross-Sectional Studies Abstract: To compare the consistency rates of pre- and intra-operative radiological findings in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media CSOM. In a cross-sectional study, 80 patients with CSOM underwent pre-operative CT scanning and we compared the results with intra-operative clinical findings during mastoidectomy from 2000-2004 in the Otology Department, Amiralmomenin Hospital of Guilan Medical University, Rasht, Iran. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of CT scan in tympanic and mastoid cholesteatoma, ossicular chain erosion, tegmen tympani erosion, dehiscence of facial canal, lateral semicircular canal LSCC fistula were assessed. Then, correlation between radiological findings and intra-operative findings were calculated. The mean age of the patients was 27.9 +/- 16.3 years. Mostly were males n = 57 [71.3%]. Correlation of preoperative radiological images with intra- operative clinical findings were moderate to good on tympanic cholesteatoma, mastoid cholesteatoma and ossicular chain erosion, but weak and insignificant in cases of tegmen tympani erosion, facial canal dehiscence and LSCC fistulae. Preoperative CT scan may be helpful in decision-making for surgery in cases of cholesteatoma and ossicular erosion. Despite of limitations radiological scanning is a useful adjunct to management of CSOM. Mental Disorders Five rare psychiatric syndromes co-occurring together. Nejad, Alireza G.; Kheradmand, Ali E-mail:ghaffari_ar@yahoo.com Kerman University of Medical Sciences - Beheshti Hospital - Department of Psychiatry Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 91-93 (14 ref.) Keywords: Syndrome; Delusions; Comorbidity Metacarpus surgery [The distal pedicled dorsal metacarpal flap, about 30 cases] Sbai, M.A.; Maalla, R.; M'Barki, S.; Souissi, M.; Mosbah, L.; Marzouk, R.; Sellami, S.; Tebib, M. Aziza Othmana Hospital - Orthopedics Department - Nabeul, Tunisia Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 225-226 (9 ref.) Keywords: Fingers-surgery; Surgical Flaps; Hand-surgery; Retrospective Studies Abstract: The distal pedicled dorsal metacarpal flap based on a retrograde bloody supply harvested from the dorsum of the hand, its vascularisation is provided by proximal dorsal cutaneous branches of the digital collateral arteries through the rich anastomotic arterial network of the web space. This flap is useful in reconstructing defects on the dorsal and palmed aspect of the digits. The authors present 30 clinical cases to describe the anatomical basis, the operatory techniques, the advantages and inconvenients of this new flap. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   71 Migraine Disorders epidemiology Prevalence of migraine and non-migraine headache among high school students at the National Guard Housing in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Al Tulaihi, Bader A.; Al Jumah, Mohammed A. King Saud bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences - National Guard Health Affairs - Department of Family Medicine Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 120-124 (15 ref.) Keywords: Headache-epidemiology; Headache Disorders-epidemiology; Prevalence; Schools; Students; Cross- Sectional Studies Abstract: To determine the prevalence of headache and migraine, to identify symptoms that accompany headache attack, and to determine the possible effect of headache on school attendance, among high school students. A cross- sectional, questionnaire-based study of secondary school students of the National Guard Housing in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, was executed during the academic year of 2002 and 2003. A sample of 1750 students was included from 4 schools by systemic random sampling for each school. The questionnaire included demographic data. The second part includes specific questions on headache, and whether there had been headache in the year preceding the survey, type of headache, and its diagnosis according to International Headache Society IHS criteria. Possible effect of headache on school attendance was recorded. Approximately one-third of the entire study sample had recurrent headache episodes not related to febrile illness in the year preceding the survey. Female students showed a significantly higher prevalence than males of migraine, as well as non-migraine headache, with the least prevalence among the younger students of ages 16-17 years. More than one-third of all students were absent from school due to headache. Recurrent headache is prevalent among the high school students, and more among female students. These prevalence rates are comparable with those reported elsewhere. Health education sessions at schools, primary care clinics, and the society in general are recommended to increase awareness for this common adolescent-s neurological problem. Miller Fisher Syndrome diagnosis Pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome in a patient with Thalassemia intermedia. Basiri, Keivan; Fatehi, Farzad; Derakhshan, Fatemeh E-mail:basiri@med.mui.ac.ir University of Medical Sciences - Alzahra Hospital - Neurology Department Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 71-74 (10 ref.) Keywords: Guillain-Barre Syndrome-classification; Thalassemia; Guillain-Barre Syndrome-diagnosis Abstract: Here, we present the first instance of Guillain-Barré syndrome variant in a patient with beta thalassemia and iron overload who had a history of transfusion before the onset of symptoms. Our patient was a 50- year-old Persian woman with history of intermediate thalassemia who had been treated with pack cells because of low hemoglobin level. Ten days after transfusion, she developed numbness of arms, left sided ptosis, and afterwards dysarthria, dysphagia, and bilateral ptosis. Electrodiagnosis on day 12 revealed reduced repetition of f-waves in the upper limbs and reduced recruitment with 1+ fibrillation in facial muscles. Electromyography and nerve conduction velocities in the limbs were normal. After excluding other causes and according to electrodiagnosis, the pharyngeal- cervical-brachial variant of Guillain- Barre syndrome was considered and plasma exchange began. Following exchanges, significant clinical improvement was attained. Iron overload and possible transmission of infections from blood products might have contributed in the development of syndrome. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   72 Millettia An insight into the possible anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of pongamia pinnata leaves in mice. Logade, Nadeem A.; Shrivastava, Narendra M.; Qureshi, Naseem N. E-mail:mnlogade@vediffmail.com Govt. aided AIT Institute of Pharmacy SPJ - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2009; 17 (1): 85-89 (18 ref.) Keywords: Phytotherapy; Anticonvulsants; Plant Extracts-therapeutic use; Mice; Ethanol; Plant Leaves Abstract: Ethanolic extract of Pongamia pinnata leaves was investigated for possible anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazol [PTZ] and Maximum Electroshock [MES] - induced seizures in mice. Effect of the extract on spontaneous locomotor activity was assessed using Actophotometer. Any possible change in brain GABA content was also determined, in a trial, to correlate such change with the anticonvulsant activity. In PTZ-induced seizures, the extract delayed the onset of convulsions dose-dependently. The highest dose elicited complete protection against tonic hind leg extension together with remarkable reduction in mortality. In MES-induced convulsions, the extract produced significant increase in the current required to produce tonic hind leg extension. In Actophotometer the extract produced significant decrease in spontaneous locomotion compared with the control group. Brain GABA content was increased significantly by the extract in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, Investigation of ethanolic extract of P. pinnata leaves showed significant anticonvulsant activity comparable with the reference drug diazepam and such activity was accompanied with reduction in the locomotion and increase in brain GABA concentration. Misoprostol therapeutic use Comparison of oral and vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening before evacuation of first trimester missed miscarriage. Jabir, Maysoon M.; Smeet, Rania I. E-mail:maysoonjabir@yahoo.com Medical City Health Directorate - Baghdad Teaching Hospital - Department Head of Obstetrics and Gynecology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 82-87 (25 ref.) Keywords: Misoprostol-aministration and dosage; Cervical Ripening-drug effects; Abortion, Missed; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Prospective Studies Abstract: To assess the effectiveness of misoprostol in cervical ripening before evacuation of conception in the first trimester missed miscarriages, and to compare between oral and vaginal routes of administration. A randomized controlled study was carried out in Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq in 2006. One hundred and twenty women with first trimester missed miscarriages were divided into 2 study groups, randomized for oral and vaginal 400 mcg misoprostol priming of cervix, and 2 control groups randomized for oral and vaginal placebo, before undergoing surgical evacuation of conception after 3 hours. Measured outcomes were: post medication cervical dilatation, time needed to dilate the cervix surgically, blood loss, and development of the side effects of misoprostol. Post medication cervical dilatation was higher in the misoprostol group 7.07 +/- 1.36 mm for oral misoprostol, 7.77 +/- 1.22 mm for vaginal misoprostol, versus the control groups 2.43 +/- 0.5 mm. Post medication cervical dilatation was significantly higher in the vaginal misoprostol group, compared to the oral group p = 0.04. The time required to dilate the cervix in the misoprostol group was shorter, compared with placebo. There were no significant differences in the amount of blood loss between oral p = 0.74, and vaginal misoprostol groups p = 0.62, and gastrointestinal side effects were significantly more in the oral misoprostol group p = 0.014. Misoprostol is an effective cervical priming agent when administered either orally or vaginally before evacuation of conception in the termination of the first trimester missed miscarriage. Moraceae Hepatoprotectjve effect of morus alba L. in carbon tetrachloride- induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Kalantari, Heibatollah; Aghel, Nasrin; Bayati, Maryam E-mail:Kalantarih@yahoo.com Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences - School of Pharmacy - Department of Toxicology SPJ - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2009; 17 (1): 91-94 (17 ref.) Keywords: Carbon Tetrachloride-toxicity; Mice; Liver-pathology; Plant Proteins-pharmacology; Phytotherapy IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   73 Abstract: Many studies have been performed to prevent liver toxicity in animal models. It is well known that herbal medicines play an important role in therapy. The crude hydroalcoholic extract of Morus alba L. leaves was evaluated for hepatoprotection against hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride. The hydroalcoholic extract was prepared by maceration technique. Animals were weighed and divided into five groups of seven mice. Group one received carbon tetrachloride [positive group]. Group two received only olive oil [solvent of CCL[4] as negative group]. Groups three [A1], four [A2], and five [A3] received crude extract in doses of 200, 400, and 800mg/kg, respectively and one hour later carbon tetrachloride in doses of 0.2ml/kg for five consecutive days [test groups]. All administrations were made by p.o. in 0.2ml volume. Then on the day six animals received sodium hexabarbital in doses of 25mg/kg i.p. to determine the sleeping time. After sleep time determination animals were sacrificed and from the jugular vein, blood was taken. Serum was obtained for determination of aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT] enzymes levels. Livers were removed and kept in 10% formalin bufferd solution for histopathological examinations. The hydroalcoholic extract at dose of 800mg/kg exhibited a significant liver protective effect by lowering the serum levels of AST and ALT, decreasing the sleeping time and resulting in less pronouced destruction of the liver architecture, there was no fibrosis and inflammation, as compared with CCI[4] group [p<0.05]. Mortality Estimation of crude death rate with application of capture- recapture methods. Abadi, Ali Reza; Mohammad, Kazem; Aslami, Fatemeh; Majd, Hamid Alavi; Behnampour, Naser E-mail:abady@hbi.ir Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Health and Social Medicine Payesh - Health Monitor 2009; 8 (1): 11-16, 105 (12 ref.) Keywords: Linear Models Abstract: To estimate accuracy of Crude Death Rate [CDR] for the country using mortality data from Gorgan, Iran. Three sources of mortality information in Gorgan were used for estimating the undercount in mortality data. There are some methods for estimating undercount in mortality data. In this study, we estimated it by three different ways of capture-recapture methods. We use Peterson-Chapman, log linear and coverage estimators. The rate of undercount in mortality data by estimate of Peterson and Loglinear was 16.3 and by estimate of coverage method was 18.3. According to these rates the CDR for country is estimated 5.57 and 5.7 in 1000 respectively. Estimated crude death rate for Iran in this study is not significantly different from International Organizations such as UNDP and UNICEF estimation. Their estimation is 5.5 and 5 respectively. Mumps epidemiology Seroprevalence of mumps before inclusion of mumps vaccination in the Iranian Expanded Programme on Immunization. Avijgan, M.; Habibian, R.; Kheiri, S. E-mail:avijgan@yahoo.com Isfahan University of Medical Sciences - Iranian Traditional Medicine Research Centre - Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 295-301 (16 ref.) Keywords: Mumps Vaccine; Mumps-immunology; Immunization, Secondary; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Cross- Sectional Studies; Immunoglobulin G-blood; Age Factors; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Abstract: The current target groups for measles, mumps and rubella vaccination in the Islamic Republic of Iran are children at 12 months and 4-6 years. A study of the age-specific seroprevalence of antibodies against mumps in children aged 3-18 years in Shahrekord aimed to establish the need for booster vaccinations to cover non-immune children. Of 338 children, 19.8% were seronegative. Age-specific seronegativity was 33.3%, 20.5% and 4.6% in age groups 7-11, 12-14 and 15-18 years respectively. To obtain herd immunity, we suggest that for the next 5 years children aged 7-11 years entering guidance school are selected as the main group for vaccination. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   74 Myelitis, Transverse rehabilitation Urodynamic evaluation and rehabilitation outcomes in transverse myelitis. Nakipoglu, Guldal F.; Ozgirgin, Nese E-mail:g_nakipoglu@yahoo.com Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 37-40 (10 ref.) Keywords: Rehabilitation; Urodynamics Abstract: To evaluate micturition abnormalities in patients with transverse myelitis [TM] using urodynamic studies, and to record functional outcomes of these patients after the rehabilitation program. Forty-six patients with TM who attended the Ankara Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey between January 2000 and June 2005 were included in the study. Demographic findings of patients were documented. A history and detailed neurological examination was performed on all patients. Urological symptoms and history of bowel and sexual involvement were recorded. Urodynamic investigations were carried out for each patient. All patients were enrolled in the rehabilitation program. Neurologic bladder types and treatments, and functional levels of the patients after the rehabilitation program were recorded. Twenty-two men and 24 women were evaluated. The mean age was 39.74'15.94 [15-75] years, mean illness duration was 800.24'885.49 [150-3600] days. Thirty-six patients had paraplegia and 10 had tetraplegia. Thirty patients had a history of urinary pathology, 32 had bowel pathology, and 6 had sexual pathology. Urodynamic studies showed hypocompliant bladder in 2 patients, detrusor sphincter dyssynergia in 22, detrusor hyperreflexia in 16, and only sphincter disorder in 6 patients. Functional outcomes on discharge were independent ambulation in 8, ambulation with crutches in 16, ambulation with knee-ankle-foot orthesis and crutches in 4, therapeutic ambulation in 2, wheelchair in 16. Rehabilitation is important in patients with TM to continue the urinary continence and to preserve renal function, to obtain functional independence and to prevent complications. Myocardial Infarction drug therapy In-ambulance versus in-hospital abciximab administration prior to primary PCI in stemi patients: immediate, short and long term outcomes. Hassan, Ayman K.M.; Hassan, Ali, Hosam; Jukema, J. Wouter; Abdelkader, Samir S. Assiut University - Leiden University Medical Center - Cardiology Department Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 181-194 (30 ref.) Keywords: Ambulances; Hospitals; Electrocardiography; Coronary Angiography; Creatine Kinase; Troponin T; Treatment Outcome; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Angioplasty, Transluminal, Percutaneous Coronary; Prospective Studies Abstract: Early abciximab administration before primary percutaneous coronary intervention [PPCI] for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] is recommended in practice guidelines. However, optimal timing of administration remains unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of early abciximab administration in the ambulance on immediate, short and long term outcomes. Within a fixed protocol for PPCI [Leiden MISSION project], December 2006 was the cutoff point for this prospective study. One hundred seventy nine consecutive patients with STEMI were enrolled, 90 patients received abciximab bolus in the hospital [late group] and 89 patients received abciximab bolus in the ambulance [early group]. The two groups were comparable for baseline and angiographic characteristics. The early group received abciximab within the golden period [median 63 min]. The infarct related artery [IRA] patency at onset of the PCI was 4 times higher in the early group than in late group [odds ratio = 4.9, 95% CI 2.410.1]. Enzymatic infarct size was smaller in the early group [cumulative 48-h CK release 8011 vs. 11267 U/L, p = 0.004]. This was associated with higher left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] at 90 days post-PPCI measured by myocardial scintigraphy [59% vs. 54%, p = 0.0l], and lower incidence of heart failure through a median of 210 days of clinical follow-up [3% vs. 11%, p = 0.04]. Early abciximab administration in the ambulance significantly improves early reperfusion in STEMI patients treated with PPCI. Moreover this is associated with a smaller infarct size, improved LV function at 3-months and a lower risk of heart failure through 7-months follow-up. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   75 Myocarditis drug therapy Marked suppression of experimental autoimmune myocarditis by simvastatin therapy in adult male wistar rats. El Shemi, Adel G.A.; Sayed, Manal M.; Abdel Sattar, Mohamed H. Assiut University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pharmacology Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 65-76 (35 ref.) Keywords: Autoimmune Diseases; Rats, Wistar; Models, Animal; Protective Agents; Simvastatin-therapeutic Use; Immunohistochemistry; Cytokines; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Interferon-gamma; Cholesterol Abstract: Experimental autoimmune myocarditis [EAM] is a well-established animal model for human autoimmune myocarditis and postmyocardilis dilated cardiomyopathv. Recently, independent of their anti-hyperlipidemic properties, statins have been categorized as new agents that ameliorate the course of several organspecific autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Thus, this study aimed to assess the possible immunoinflammatory suppressive potentiality of simvastatin therapy on EAM. Three groups of male Wistar rats were investigated in this study: Normal control group, untreated-EAM and simvastatin- treated EAM, EAM was induced by subcutaneous immunization with porcine cardiac myosin at days, 0 and 7. Simvastatin [10 mg/kg per day] was administered orally for 20 days. On day 21, the hearts were dissected out, weighed, and prepared for histological and immunohistochemical examinations. To evaluate the effects of simvastatin therapy on production of T helper type-1 [Th1], proinflammatory cytokines: tumor necrosis factoralpha [TNF-alpha] and interferon- gamma [IFN-gamma], and the plasma cholesterol levels were measured at days 11 and 21 in all groups. Daily administration of simvastatin to rats with EAM efficiently suppressed myocarditis development, its histopathological severity, and macrophages infiltration [ED1+ Cells] and other mononuclear cells into hearts. The treated rats had significantly decreased heart weight and heart weight/body weight ratio [Hw/Bw] compared with untreated animals. The up-regulated serum levels of TNF-alpha and IFN gamma during the course of EAM were promptly down-regulated by simvastatin therapy. Plasma cholesterol levels did not differ between the groups. Our data reveal that chronic therapy with simvastatin potentially ameliorated EAM via inhibition of Th1 proinflammatory cytokine production and macrophage infiltration, and this activity is independent on cholesterol reduction. Furthermore, we anticipate that simvastatin could be a new immunotherdpeutic tool for autoimmune myocarditis and other cardiac autoimmune impairments. Nephrotic Syndrome drug therapy Evaluation of intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in children. Sayed, Mohammad M.; Refaiy, Abeer A.M. Assiut University - Faculty of Medicine - Department Pediatrics Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 185-191 (35 ref.) Keywords: Steroids; Drug Resistance; Cyclophosphamide-Administration and dosage; Pulse Therapy, Drug; Child; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney; Biopsy; Histology Abstract: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children usually shows excellent response to steroid therapy but some children are steroid dependent or resistant. Although oral cyclophosphamide has been recommended in these patients, long term side effects such as gonadal toxicity, hemorrhagic cystitis, and alopecia are of important concern. Therefore intravenous cyclophosphamide [IVCP] pulse therapy can provide an option that maintains remission with less frequent side effects, This study included 21 children having steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome [SRNS] [12 males and 9 females, their ages ranged from 3-16 years] admitted to the Assiut University Children Hospital from October 2004 to April 2006. Beside full history and thorough clinical examination, all patients were subjected to standard baseline investigations [urine analysis, 24 hours protein in urine, total plasma proteins, albumin serum level, serum urea and creatinine] and kidney biopsy. These patients treated with IVCP 500 mg/m[2] per month for 6 months beside daily steroid therapy 60 mg/m[2] /day for 4 weeks followed by 40 mg/m[2] /day for another 4 weeks and gradually tapered off over the next 8 weeks, then the patients followed up till the first relapse after discontinuation of IVCP or for 2 years without relapse. Renal biopsy showed minimal change nephrotic syndrome [MCNS] in 19.04%, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis [FSGS] in 47.62% and mesangial proliterative glomerulonephritis [mes. PGN] in 33.33%. Twelve patients [57.14%] attained remission [4 had MCNS, 5 had FSGS and 3 had mes.PGN]. Nine patients do not attain remission [5 patients had FSGS and 4 had mes. PGN]. In the responding cases the mean serum albumin and total plasma protein levels at the end of IVCP course were significantly higher than before the therapy while the mean serum level of cholesterol and the 24 hour protein in urine were significantly lower than before the therapy. The mean duration of remission in these patients was 10.08 +/- 6.69 months following the last dose of IVCP. None of the patients IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   76 [during and after the period of therapy] developed alopecia or hemorrhagic cystitis, 3 patients developed transient leucopenia and 8 patients developed vomiting during the day of cyclophosphamide infusion which resolved with anti- emetics. IVCP pulse therapy is relatively safe, effective and economical therapeutic option in children with SRNS. Neural Tube Defects etiology Maternal serum zinc deficiency in cases of neural tube defect in Gorgan, north Islamic Republic of Iran. Golalipour, M.J.; Vakili, M.A.; Mansourian, A.R.; Mobasheri, E. E-mail:mjgolalipour@yahoo.com Gorgan University of Medical Sciences - Gorgan Congenital Malformations Research Centre EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 337-344 (46 ref.) Keywords: Zinc-deficiency; Mothers; Zinc-blood; Case-Control Studies; Dietary Supplements Abstract: Previous studies have shown a high rate of neural tube defects [NTD] in Gorgan, northern Islamic Republic of Iran. This case-control study during 2003-04 compared serum zinc levels and other variables in 23 mothers of neonates affected with NTD and 36 mothers with normal healthy neonates in Dezyani hospital in Gorgan. Mean serum zinc levels in the case and control groups were 13.43 micromol/L [SD 6.3] and 11.41 micromol/L [SD 6.3] respectively. Zinc deficiency was found in 13 [36.5%] of the cases and 7 [19.4%] of the controls. Logistic regression analysis showed an association between the presence of NTD and zinc deficiency [OR 5.06; 95% CI: 1.51-16.94. Neurilemmoma diagnosis Sympathetic chain Schwannoma. Al Mashat, Faisal M. E-mail:falmashat@yahoo.com King Abdulaziz University Hospital - Department of Surgery Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 154-156 (9 ref.) Keywords: Sympathetic Nervous System; Neurilemmoma-pathology Abstract: Schwannomas are rare, benign, slowly growing tumors arising from Schwann cells that line nerve sheaths. Schwannomas arising from the cervical sympathetic chain are extremely rare. Here, we report a case of a 70-year-old man who presented with only an asymptomatic neck mass. Physical examination revealed a left sided Horner syndrome and a neck mass with transmitted pulsation and anterior displacement of the common carotid artery. Computed tomography CT showed a well-defined non- enhancing mass with vascular displacement. The nerve of origin of this encapsulated tumor was the sympathetic chain. The tumor was excised completely intact. The pathologic diagnosis was Schwannoma Antoni type A and Antoni type B. The patient has been well and free of tumor recurrence for 14 months with persistence of asymptomatic left sided Horner syndrome. The clinical, radiological and pathological evaluations, therapy and postoperative complications of this tumor are discussed. Neurocysticercosis diagnosis Neurocysticercosis in two Kuwaiti children. Al Osaimi, Suad; Al Ateeqi, Wafa'a Al Amiri Hospital - Department of Pediatrics KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (1): 71-74 (20 ref.) Keywords: Infant; Seizures; Disease Management; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Carbamazepine-therapeutic use; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Child, Preschool IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   77 Abstract: Neurocysticercosis [NCC] is the most common parasitic disease of the central nervous system [CNS]. We report two cases of NCC presented with focal convulsion, where neuroimaging studies showed ring enhancing lesions with significantserologicaltestresults. Management was conservative in both cases with improvement of both symptoms and radiological lesions. Awareness of the disease is important especially in Islamic countries like Kuwait where pork or its products are prohibited. NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester therapeutic use The protective effect of N[G]-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and insulin on nitric oxide inhibition and pathology in experimental diabetic rat liver. Ozden, Hilmi; Tekin, Neslihan; Akyuz, Fahrettin; Gurer, Firdevs; Ustuner, Mehmet C.; Kucuk, Fulya; Guven, Gul; Yaylak, Faik Eskisehir Osmangazi University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Anatomy Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 30-34 (17 ref.) Keywords: Insulin-therapeutic use; Nitric Oxide-antagonists and inhibitors; Rats, Wistar; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Liver-drug effects; Liver-pathology Abstract: To determine on protective role of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester L-NAME, and insulin on the liver in streptozotocin STZ induced diabetic rats. This study was performed in the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey in 2007. Forty male Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups. These were untreated, diabetic control, STZ+insulin, STZ+L-NAME and STZ+insulin+L-NAME induced groups. The STZ was intraperitonally injected into 3 groups, and includes insulin, L-NAME, and their joint administrations as protective agents. The blood glucose and nitric oxide NO levels were determined. The tissue samples were obtained at the end of the fourth week. The liver tissue distortions were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The serum glucose level was significantly higher in diabetic control p = 0.000, than the untreated group. Nitric oxide level was significantly lower in STZ+L-NAME p = 0.000 than the untreated group. The focal pseudo lobular structures without vena centralis increased portal fibrillary necrosis, and bile duct stenosis with coagulation necrosis of the peripheral hepatocytes were more observed in diabetic group than the protective agent groups. In addition, insulin, and L-NAME lead to hepatocyte regeneration; and minimal mononuclear cell infiltration was noted. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester inhibits NO level in STZ+L-NAME induced group. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester either alone, or with insulin combination significantly attenuates the liver morphological disarrangements in STZ induced diabetic rats. Nitric Oxide pharmacology Nitric oxide functions: An emphasis on its diversity in infectious diseases. Nahrevanian, Hossein; Amini, Marzyeh E-mail:mobcghn@yahoo.co.uk Pasteur Institute of Iran - Department of Parasitology Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2009; 11 (4): 197-204 (80 ref.) Keywords: Communicable Diseases-metabolism; Nitric Oxide-metabolism; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Reactive Nitrogen Species; C-Reactive Protein Abstract: Nitric oxide is a short-lived mediator, which can be induced in a variety of cell types and produces many physiologic and metabolic changes in target cells. It is important in many biological functions and generated from L- arginine by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase. Nitric oxide conveys a variety of messages between cells, including signals for vasorelaxation, neurotransmission and cytotoxicity. In macrophages, nitric oxide synthase activity appears slowly after exposure of the cells to cytokines and bacterial products, is sustained, and functions independently of calcium and calmodulin. The cytokine- inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] is activated by several immunological stimuli, leading to the production of large quantities of nitric oxide which can be cytotoxic. To date, there have been conflicting reports concerning the clinical significance of nitric oxide in infections. Some authors have proposed that nitric oxide contributes to the development of severe and complicated cases, while others have argued that nitric oxide has a protective role. The aim of this review is to evaluate the functions of nitric oxide production toward oxidative stress induced by infections or inflammations. It is indicated that NO is an important, but possibly not essential contributor in the control of acute phase of infections and it is only part of an immunopathological chain against pathogens. The anti-microbial function does not relate only to nitric oxide action or its related molecules, a combination of nitric oxide and immune factors is required to resolve pathogenic microorganisms. Consequently, the NO theory in infectious diseases may lead to the novel ideas for therapy and prevention. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   78 Nocturnal Enuresis drug therapy Response of enuretic children with and without hypercalciuria to nasal desmopressin. Mohammadjafari, Hamid; Kosaryan, Mehrnoosh; Karami, Hassan; Dabaghzadeh, Abbas E-mail:hamidmjaafari@yahoo.com Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences - Booalisina Hospital - Pediatric Department Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2009; 19 (1): 5-10 (23 ref.) Keywords: Nocturnal Enuresis-physiopathology; Hypercalcemia-diagnosis; Hypercalcemia-drug therapy; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin-administration and dosage; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin-therapeutic use; Creatinine-urine; Creatinine-diagnostic use; Chi-Square Distribution; Treatment Outcome Abstract: Nocturnal enuresis is a common diagnosis in patients referred to pediatric and pediatric nephrology clinics. Nocturnal polyuria is an important patho-physiologic factor in enuresis. Hypercalciuria, with altering concentrating capacity of the kidneys, can affect children's response to desmopressin. This is a double blind clinical trial starting September 2007 to March 2008. One hundred and twenty four enuretic children, 76 [61.3%] males, 48 [38.7%] females, mean age 7.7 [+/- 1.7], were evaluated by measuring random morning urinary calcium to creatinine ratio. Patients were divided into group 1 with a calcium to creatinine ratio equal to or more than 0.2 mg/mg, and group 2 with a ratio less than 0.2 [Hypercalciuric and non hypercalciuric respectively]. All patients received 10 to 40 mcg of nasal desmopressin at bed time. The response was defined as reduction in wet nights, a "full response" [greater than 90 % reduction], "partial response" [50% to 90% reduction] and "no response" [less than 50% reduction]. Chi-square method was used to compare the responses and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Nineteen patients in group 1 [Hypercalciuric] and 105 patients in group 2 [Non hypercalciuric] were studied. Response to desmopressin was "full" in 47.4% in group 1 and 64.8% in group 2. 42.1% and 26.7% had "Partial response" in group1 and 2 respectively [P < 0.04]. Hypercalciuria can affect negatively the responsiveness to desmopressin therapy. Nose Effect of anterior nasal packing on middle ear pressure and hearing threshold. Jasser, Hussein; Abbas, Hassan; Sachdeva, Ashok; David, Bizy E-mail:drj_hussein189@hotmail.com Al Adan Hospital - Department of Otolaryngology KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (1): 37-38 (7 ref.) Keywords: Auditory Threshold; Ear, Middle; Hearing; Pressure; Acoustic Impedance Tests; Audiometry, Pure-Tone; Prospective Studies; Nasal Septum-surgery Abstract: To evaluate the effect of anterior nasal packing on middle ear pressure and hearing threshold. Prospective study conducted between June and December 2007. Department of Otolaryngology, Al-Adan Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait. Twenty patients of either sex in the age group 18 - 45 years admitted for septoplasty. Pure Tone Audiometry [PTA] and impedance audiometry [IA] were done in all patients preoperatively, 48 hours after surgery with nasal packs in position and seven days after removal of packs. PTA and IA before and after nasal packing. Normal middle ear pressure was observed preoperatively in most of the ears. Forty eight hours after septal surgery with nasal packs in position, 14 ears had abnormal negative middle ear pressure of 100 to 300 mm H2O. Seven days after pack removal, there was marked improvement in middle ear pressure. Hearing threshold remained normal before and after surgery. Nasal packing following septal surgery is a frequent cause of short-term eustachian tube dysfunction but rarely severe enough to cause symptoms of middle ear effusion. Tubal dysfunction is most likely due to peritubal inflammationorstasisofperituballymphaticsand reduced swallowing in the post operative period due to pain. Changes in middle ear pressure following nasal packing associated with most nasal surgeries were transient and not severe. Pure Tone Audiometry [PTA]. Nutrition Therapy utilization The effect of nutririon and supplements on ocular health. Hosseini, H.R. Jahadi; Mosallaei, M.; Kalameh, Z. Asadi E-mail:jahadih@sums.ac.ir Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - Poostchi Eye Research Center - Department of Ophthalmology IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   79 IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 10-17 (76 ref.) Keywords: Dietary Supplements-utilization; Vision, Ocular-drug effects; Vision, Low-etiology; Vision, Low-prevention and control; Antioxidants-therapeutic use; Ascorbic Acid-therapeutic use; Vitamin E-therapeutic use; Lutein-therapeutic use; Fatty Acids, Omega-3-therapeutic use; Cataract-prevention and control; Macular Degeneration-prevention and control; Glaucoma-prevention and control Abstract: Nutrition is a subject of interest in many fields of medicine. So ophthalmologists have also attempted to find possible ways to preserve vision through diet and supplements. Ocular disorders such as cataracts, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma are the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in the world, so most of the studies have focused on these major disorders and nutritions containing antioxidant such as vitamin C and E. Zexanthin/luteins and omega 3 have been the main substances studied in this relation. Although benefits of the regimens with high amounts of antioxidants were observed in reducing progression of cataract, agerelated macular degeneration and so on, as many of these studies have been observational, the cause and effect relationship cannot be definitely concluded and multiple cohort prospective studies will be desired to evaluate the exact role of nutrition. Somehow, a healthy diet which means the diet which increases our health can be achieved in regimens with low saturated fatty acids and rich in fresh fruits, vegetables and fish. On the whole, even though they may not affect disease progression, they are generally good for overall health. Nutritional Status Assessment of nutritional status of pre-school children in Assiut governorate, Egypt. Hamza, Wafaa S.; Abdel Fattah, Mohamed; Hany, Ahmed M.; Abdel Hafez, NagIaa M. Assiut University - Faculty of Medicine - Public Health and Community Medicine department Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 19-30 (16 ref.) Keywords: Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Questionnaires; Mass Screening; Social Class; Anthropometry; Malnutrition Abstract: Although the share of malnourished children have gradually been declining over the past 25 years, 167 million children under five years old almost one third of developing country children were estimated to be underweight. Malnutrition is directly responsible for 300,000 deaths per year in children younger than 5 years in developing countries and contributes indirectly to over half the deaths in childhood worldwide. Malnutrition in Egypt is one of the most important factors that affect Egyptian's health and development. For many years, malnutrition has been a severe blow on Egypt's population affecting individuals' production, which in turn affects its economy. The objectives are to identify the determinants of the nutritional status of the studied children and to measure the magnitude of malnutrition among preschool children in Assiut Governorate. A Cross sectional community based study design was applied. A representative sample from 3 districts of Assiut Governorate [Urban 30% and Rural 70%] in the form of cluster sampling technique, with a constant number of preschool children per cluster. A pre-structured questionnaire was used for collecting data, interviewing the mothers in order to collect socioeconomic factors, environmental factors, gastrointestinal and respiratory morbidity. Anthropometric measurements [height, weight, head circumference, mid upper arm circumference, and skin fold thickness] were recorded for each child. The total sample included 732 children aged 24-72 months with the mean age +/- SD [49.9 +/- 75. 7] months. The gender distribution was 363 [49.6%] males, and 369 [50.4%] females, illiteracy was 211 [41.5%] mothers and 141 fathers 27.7%].Working status of mothers 53 [10.4%] mothers were working outside the home. 499 mothers [98.0%] had piped water supply in their houses, By using weight/ age Z-score [WAZ] 11.1% were under weight, using height/age Z-score [HAZ] 28.4%.were stunted and using weight for height Z-score [WHZ] 6.2% were wasted. Stunting constitutes a significant public-health problem among the pre-school children in Assiut Governorate, while under-nutrition represents a relatively less common problem. Interventions to improve socioeconomic and environmental situations are recommended to overcome these problems. Obesity prevention and control Prevention of obesity using low carbohydrate ketogenic diet. Dashti, Hussein M.; Mathew, Thazhumpal C. E-mail:tcmkwt@gmail.com Kuwait University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Surgery KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (1): 3-12 (81 ref.) Keywords: Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Ketogenic Diet; Obesity-classification; Overweight; Ketone Bodies; Brain; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Insulin Resistance; Osteoporosis; Neoplasms Abstract: This review focuses on the effect of low carbohydrate ketogenic diet on obese subjects presenting with various metabolic syndromes. Here, we provide data from our laboratory and from various other investigators on the therapeutic effectiveness of ketogenic diet on obese subjects. In this review we provide the rationale behind using IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   80 ketogenic diet as a treatment of obesity and its beneficialroleinneurodegenerative / neurological disorders, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary diseases, cancer etc. Administering ketogenic diet for a relatively longer period did not produce any significantsideeffect. Therefore, based on the data presented in this review, it is recommended that it is safe to use ketogenic diet for a longer period of time for obesity and associated disorders. Obstetric Labor, Premature epidemiology Prevalence of preterm labor in Almukalla MCH Hospital, Hadhramout, Yemen. Balafair, Amer S.; Baharon, Rogiah; Mostafa, Sayed A.M. Hadhramout University of Modern Science and Technology - Faculty of Medicine Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 85-92 (15 ref.) Keywords: Prevalence; Gestational Age; Parity; Risk Factors; Maternal-Child Health Centers; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies Abstract: Prelerm labor remains a major obstetric problem because of the high incidence of neonatal mortality or long term handicapped associated with it. Analyzing preterm labor can help to identify factors which lead to preterm labor and help to prevent it. To find out the incidence of preferm labor [PTL] in Almukalla MCH hospital .Yemen to find out the relation of maternal age, parity, gestational age, sex, etiological factors and mode of deliveries to preterm labor, and to assess the main maternal risk factors associated with preterm labor. It is an observational analytical retrospective study done in the period from January l[st] 2007- December 3l[st] 2007. Questionnaire was performed to document the details of labor. Data entry and analysis was done by using SPSSv11 software computer program. There were 175 patients with PTL out of 4415 deliveries in 2007, including 9 twin pregnancies and one triple pregnancy. The incidence of PTL was [4.21%]. There were only 35 mothers under the age of twenty [19.9%], between twenty one to thirty years there were 94 cases [53.7%], and between thirty one to forty five years or more, there were 46 cases [26.4%]. 58 cases were primigravidae [33.1%] and 117 multigravidae [66.9%]. Sixty one cases of these PTL had gestational age of less than 28 weeks [34.8%], between 29-32 week there were 42 cases [24%] and between 33-36 week there were 72 cases [41.2%].Caesar-ean section [CS] was done for 34 cases [19.4%], and the remaining 141 [80.6%] cases were delivered vaginally. The most common cause of CS was placenta pre via centralis. The cause of PTL was unknown in most of the cases 77 cases [44%]. Male babies were 79 [42.47%], and female babies were 107 [57.53%]131 cases [70.43%] of neoborn babies have body weight under 2 kg, and 55 case [29.57%] had body weight more than 2 kg. The rale-of preterm labor in Almukalla MCH hospital is 4.21%. The highest rate was among multigravida with the age between 21-30 years. The most common gestational age of preterm labor was 33-36 weeks. The cause of preterm labor was unknown in; 77 cases [44%]. Most of the cases were delivered vaginally except 34 [19.4%] cases who underwent CS. Placenta previa centralis is the most common cause of CS. Ofloxacin pharmacokinetics Effect of pharmacokinetic differences between men and women on pharmacodynamic target attainment of levofloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae. Abuelkheir, Manal M. King Saud University - King Khalid University Hospital - Clinical Pharmacy Services SPJ - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2009; 17 (1): 29-39 (50 ref.) Keywords: Streptococcus pneumoniae-drug effects; Sex Factors; Sex; Ofloxacin-pharmacology; Fluoroquinolones Abstract: A recently published study reported significantly slower systemic clearance, smaller steady-state volume of distribution, and greater Area Under the Curve [AUC] for levofloxacin in women compared to men [p < 0.01]. Since the AUC[0-24]/MIC ratio predicts clinical and microbiological outcomes for fluoroquinolones, sex-related differences in levofloxacin pharmacokinetics may result in pharmacodynamic differences between men and women. To evaluate the pharmacodynamic [AUC[0-24]/MIC] of levofloxacin 500 mg and 750 mg against Streptococcus pneumoniae in men and women. Sex specific pharmacokinetic data were obtained from the previously mentioned study; likewise sex specific MIC data were obtained from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program [2004-2005], Monte Carlo simulations [10,000 subjects] were performed to calculate the probability of target attainment [PTA] as well as the cumulative fractions of response [CFR] for levofloxacin pharmacodynamic target of free AUC[0-24] /MIC >/= 33.7 for men and women. MIC[50] and MIC[90] for S. pneumoniae isolates were 1 and 1 microg/ml. 77.5% of all S. pneumoniae isolates have MIC value of 1 microg/ml. For the 500 mg levofloxacin dose, the PTA remained at acceptable range in women [85%] up to MIC 1 microg/ml, but declined very sharply in men [27%] at the same MIC; whereas the PTA approaching 100% in both men and women at MIC 1 microg/ml for the 750mg dose. At the mean IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   81 time, while the CFR was 45.4% greater in women than men [41.7% for men, 87.1% for women] for 500 mg dose; it was only 2.3% greater in women [96.2% for men, 98.5% for women] for 750 mg dose. Sex-related differences in Levofloxacin pharmacokinetics result in substantially greater pharmacodynamic target attainment against S. pneumoniae in women than in men at the 500 mg dose, but not at the 750 mg dose. This finding suggests that levofloxacin 750 mg should be used to treat S. pneumoniae infections, especially in men. Opium Opium use in a rural area of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Meysamie, A.; Sedaghat, M.; Mahmoodi, M.; Ghodsi, S.M.; Eftekhar, B. E-mail:Meysamie@tums.ac.ir Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Department of Community Medicine EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 425-431 (14 ref.) Keywords: Questionnaires; Rural Population; Smoking; Sex Factors; Employment; Educational Status Abstract: Because of its geographic proximity to the major drug production centres, there is easy access to narcotic drugs in the Islamic Republic of Iran despite efforts by governmental and nongovernmental organizations. Using a structured questionnaire as a basis for conversation, local health workers interviewed 310 residents of a rural area in Babol province about opium use. The self-reported rate of opium use, adjusted due to a bias in the sex ratio of the sample, was 8.9%. All the 42 opium users reported opium use at least 2-3 times per week in the previous 3 months. Opium was smoked by 95.2% and taken orally by 4.8%; there was no injecting use. There was no reported use of other substances, including alcohol. There was a statistically significant relationship between opium use and male sex, unemployment and cigarette smoking. Oropharyngeal Neoplasms epidemiology An epidemiological study on survival of oropharyngeal cancer cases in Alexandria, Egypt. Ibrahim, N.K.R.; Al Ashakar, M.S.; Gad, Z.M.; Warda, M.H.; Ghanem, H. E-mail:nahla_khamis@hotmail.com King Abdul-Aziz University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Family and Community Medicine EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 369-377 (25 ref.) Keywords: Survival; Retrospective Studies; Cohort Studies; Prognosis; Survival Rate; Neoplasm Staging; Age Factors; Early Detection of Cancer; Oropharyngeal Neoplsams-pathology Abstract: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the 5-year survival and prognostic factors for survival for 407 oropharyngeal cancer cases registered in the 3 main hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt, from 1996-2000. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The overall 5- year survival rate was 30.8%. Multivariate analysis showed that significant prognostic factors for survival were tumour stage [hazard ratio = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.41-11.72], tumour site and patient's age. Secondary prevention of oral cancers can be conducted through examination of the oral cavity to find precancerous and early cancerous lesions and hence improve survival. Osteoarthritis, Knee drug therapy Anti-inflammatory activity of silymarin in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A comparative study with piromcam and meloxicam. Hussain, Saad A.; Jassim, NizarA.; Numan, Intesar T.; Al Khalifa, Ihab I.; Abdullah, Talal A. E-mail:saad_alzaidi@yahoo.com University of Baghdad - College of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 98-103 (37 ref.) Keywords: Silymarin-therapeutic use; Silymarin-pharmacology; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Piroxicam-therapeutic use; Thiazines-therapeutic use; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non--therapeutic use; Double-Blind Method; Clinical Trials as Topic IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   82 Abstract: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Silymarin in patients with knee osteoarthritis OA in comparison with piroxicam and meloxicam. A double-blind clinical trial was performed at the Department of Rheumatology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from October 2004 to September 2005, in which 220 patients 79 males and 141 females with painful knee osteoarthritis were randomized into 5 groups, treated with either silymarin 300mg/day, piroxicam 20mg/day, meloxicam 15mg, or a combination of silymarin with piroxicam or meloxicam. Serum levels of interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-8, and the complement proteins C3 and C4 were assessed at zero time, and after 8 weeks. Silymarin reduces significantly serum levels of IL-1 alpha and IL-8, C3 and C4 after 8 weeks compared to the pre-treatment levels. Piroxicam showed no significant reduction in IL-1 alpha levels, while IL-8 decreased significantly, compared to pre-treatment value. Meloxicam elevates serum levels of IL-1 alpha significantly, while IL-8 did not significantly change compared to the pre-treatment value. Piroxicam or meloxicam produced slight, non-significant increase in serum levels of complement proteins after the 8-week treatment period. Adjunct use of silymarin with piroxicam results in significant reduction in both cytokines IL-1 alpha and IL-8, and serum levels of C3 and C4. However, its adjunct use with, meloxicam did not reveal any significant changes in this respect. Silymarin reduces the elevated levels of interleukins and complement proteins, when used alone, or in combination with NSAIDs for the treatment of knee OA. Osteoblastoma diagnosis Benign ostroblastoma of the temporal bone. Shishegar, M.; Faramarzi, A.; Sari Aslani, F. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - Department of Otolaryngology IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 103-106 (11 ref.) Keywords: Osteoblastoma-therapy; Osteoblastoma-classification; Temporal Bone-pathology; Tinnitus-etiology; Osteoblastoma-complications; Tomography, X-Ray Computed Abstract: We have described a benign osteoblastic lesion in the right temporal bone in a 26 year-old girl who presented with a swell mass on the right supra-auricular area and tinnitus of 17 years duration. She had been operated conservatively through middle cranial fossa approach 17 years ago. After that time the patient has had no problem. There was no other developed neurologic deficit or evidence of malignant change throughout the 17 years. When we compared serial CT scans [the old and new films], there was no important difference between them. During a 17-year follow up period, no progression of the tumor was detected. Conservative treatment for such cases is suggested. Otitis Externa etiology [Mycosic malignant external otitis due to aspergillus, about 2 cases] Sethom, A.; Akkari, K.; Mardassi, A.; Benzarti, S.; Miled, I.; Chebbi, M.K. Hospital of Principal Military and Instruction of Tunis - Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 239-242 (10 ref.) Keywords: Otitis Externa-microbiology; Aspergillus; Aspergillosis; Mycoses; Diabetes Mellitus; Immunosuppression Abstract: Malignant external otitis is a severe uncommon infectious disease of the external auditory canal. Diabetes and immunodepression constitute the principal risk factors. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common germ. Since it is often a primary bacterial disease, initial mycosic infection is exceptional. However, Aspergillus can cause severe and dangerous forms. The authors reported two cases of mycosic malignant external otitis due to aspergillus. The pretherapeutic check-up included a computed tomography and technetium bone scintigraphy practiced in order to assess the extension. The diagnosis was confirmed by a mycological analysis of auricular sample. Hyperbaric oxygenation and medical treatment associating systemic antimycosic drugs, parenteral antibiotherapy were instituted for both patients. Death occured in one case, due to skull basis osteomyelitis. After 16 months of follow up, the second patient is still alive with no obvious complications. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   83 Pancreatitis chemically induced [Acute pancreatitis secondary to L-asparaginase [a case]] Tazi, I.; Rachid, M.; Quessar, A.; Harif, M.; Benchekroun, S. E-mail:Tazi_illias@hotmail.com Aout 1953 Hospital 20 - Department of Hematology and Pediatric Oncology EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 475-479 (20 ref.) Keywords: Pancreatitis-diagnosis; Pancreatitis-therapy; Asparaginase-adverse effects; Leukemia, B-Cell-therapy; Leukemia, B-Cell-complications; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase-diagnostic use Parkinson Disease Evaluation of health related quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. Savci, Cemile; Sendir, Merdiye Ministry of Health - Taksim Education and Research Hospital - Department of Neurology Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 60-66 (29 ref.) Keywords: Quality of Life; Cross-Sectional Studies; Questionnaires Abstract: To evaluate the socio-demographic and clinical feature of patients with Parkinson's disease, their health- related quality of life [HRQoL], and the relationship between these. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Hospital, and Ministry of Health, Taksim and Haseki Education and Research Hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. The sample consisted of 80 Parkinson's disease patients who attended the Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Outpatient Clinics between March and July 2006. Data were collected using the questionnaire form, which included socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, the Hoehn and Yahr clinical staging scale, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale [UPDRS], and the Nottingham Health Profile. The mean age of the patients was 67.5 +/- 8.76 years, 62.5% were males, and approximately 47.5% were in stage one of Parkinson's disease. The highest mean score on the UPDRS was for the "motor function" part [11.62 +/- 7.45]; the quality of life dimensions of, in particular, "energy" [69.79 +/- 21.17], "physical movement" [44.95 +/- 24.23], "sleep" [36.36 +/- 31.96], and "emotional reactions" [35.01 +/- 31.55] were affected. This study indicates that patients with Parkinson's disease who experienced the most problems in mobilizing, had an increase in their scores on the UPDRS with the advancing stage of the disease, and their HRQoL was also negatively affected. Studies such as this one have the potential to improve the quality of individualized care. Patient Rights Patient rights: Knowledge of managers of private hospitals. Arab, Mohammad; Zarei, Asghar E-mail:Marab@Myrealbox.com University of Medical Sciences - Health Faculty and Health Research Institute - Health Economy and Management Group Payesh - Health Monitor 2009; 8 (1): 25-30, 103 (14 ref.) Keywords: Knowledge; Hospital Administrators; Hospital Administration; Hospitals, Private; Cross-Sectional Studies; Awareness; Questionnaires Abstract: To determine awareness of managers of private hospitals about patient rights and its effective factors in Tehran, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted among all managers of private hospitals in Tehran [N = 35], using a questionnaire including 32 questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical procedures. The results showed that 23% of managers had good level of awareness. However, 54% and 23% of them had intermediate and low level of awareness regarding patient rights, respectively. There were four effective factors on awareness of the managers about patient rights including educational degree, discipline, academic institute and training in management. 77% of the managers had less than good level of awareness regarding patient rights. As awareness could be a proxy of consequent behavior, therefore it could be predicted that the managers might perform inadequately in their responsibilities related to patient rights. It seems that there is need to promote awareness on patient rights among hospital managers. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   84 Pelvis injuries Spino-pelvic fixation for vertically unstable type C fractures of the pelvis. Peivandi, M.T.; Hasankhani, E.G. E-mail:drpeivandy@yahoo.com Mashhad University of Medical Sciences - Department of Orthopedics IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 42-45 (16 ref.) Keywords: Pelvis-surgery; Fractures, Bone-surgery; Fractures, Bone-classification; Fracture Fixation-methods; Fracture Fixation-instrumentation; Sacroiliac Joint-injuries; Traction-utilization; Bone Screws-utilization Abstract: Evaluating the radiological and functional results of surgical treatment of unstable pelvic injuries by spinopelvic fixation. The purpose of this study was to find out whether the surgical technique can reduce fractures of the sacrum and dislocations of the sacroiliac joint and provide pelvis with stable fixation. Ten vertical shearing pelvic fractures were treated by pedicular screw placement in L5 vertebra and in the wing of the ilium. According to Tile's classification system, there were 10 type C fractures [8 type C1, one type C2 and one type C3]. The patients were evaluated by plain radiographs at a mean follow-up period of 2 years [range 1-3 years] after surgery. The patients had a mean age of 37.3 years at the time of surgery. The fracture was reduced by skeletal traction under general anesthesia and in prone position. A pedicular screw was placed in L5 vertebra on the same side of the fracture. Another screw was placed into the pelvic wing from PSIS [posterior superior iliac spine] toward AIIS [anterior inferior iliac spine]. A molded titanium rod connected these two pedicular screws. This study supports the use of screw and rod system for posterior fixation of the VS injuries of the pelvis. Penis pathology Penile necrosis due to calciphylaxis in a patient of end stage renal disease. Rizvi, Tanvir; Al Nakshabandi, Nizar A. E-mail:rizvi.tanvir@gmail.com King Fahd Medical City - Department of Radiology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 143-145 (13 ref.) Keywords: Necrosis; Calciphylaxis; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Gangrene Abstract: A case of a 72-year-old diabetic, hypertensive male with end stage renal disease as a result of the underlying condition of calciphylaxis, presenting with gangrene of the glans penis is reported. In calciphylaxis, calcification of small and medium-sized arteries occurs, which may result in ischemia and gangrene. A computed tomography scan of the lower abdomen, pelvis, and the upper thigh was performed, which showed diffuse and extensive calcification of the walls of the small and medium-sized arteries, with almost complete obliteration of the lumen of the small arteries. A 3-dimensional reconstruction of the penis using volume rendering technique, demonstrated the ulceration of the glans penis in an exquisite manner. The appearance is so peculiar that no histological confirmation is needed. A review of relevant literature related to the etiopathogenesis, radiological findings, treatment, and prognosis is also discussed. Periodontal Ligament Effect of human platelet-derived growth factor-BB on attachment of periodontal ligment cells on root surfaces. Becerik, Sema; Sonmez, Sule; Sen, Bilge H.; Deliloglu Gurhan, Ismet; Evrenosoglu, Evren E-mail:sema.cinar@ege.edu.tr Ege University 35100 Bornova - School of Dentistry - Department of Periodontology Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 60-66 (35 ref.) Keywords: Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Bone Regeneration Abstract: To evaluate the effects of platelet-derived growth factor-BB PDGF-BB on the attachment of human periodontal ligament cells HPLCs on the root surfaces demineralized with different agents. We performed this study at Ege University, Izmir, Turkey between 2005 and 2006. Eighty root slices were subjected to one of following treatments after root planing: 1 only root planing, 2 Platelet derived growth factor-BB PDGF-BB, 3 citric acid demineralization, 4 IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   85 citric acid demineralization + PDGF-BB, 5 tetracycline hydrochloric acid T-HCl demineralization, 6 T-HCl demineralization + PDGF-BB, 7 ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid EDTA demineralization, and 8 EDTA demineralization + PDGF-BB. Human periodontal ligament cells were seeded on the root surfaces. Following the 2- hour incubation period, the number of cells was calculated by the colorimetric assay. Three slices from each group were processed for scanning electron microscopy. The number of attached cells was tested by analysis of variance p = 0.05. There were no significant differences among the groups with regard to the mean number of attached cells p = 0.843, which was highest in the fourth group, and lowest in the sixth group. Root planing is the most important treatment to make the diseased root surfaces biocompatible to HPLCs adherence. Application of PDGF-BB to root surfaces demineralized with citric acid may be advocated to enhance periodontal regeneration. Phenytoin pharmacology Effect of phenytoin sodium on reproductive parameters in adult male wistar rats. Rao, Yeshwanth; Kuradi, Laxminarayana Bairy; Paul, Vijay Maleka Manipal Medical College - Department of Pharmacology KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (1): 43-51 (46 ref.) Keywords: Reproduction-drug effects; Rats, Wistar; Spermatozoa-drug effects; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility-drug effects; Testis-drug effects; Testis-pathology Abstract: To assess the effects of phenytoin sodium on rat sperm morphology, sperm count, motility and histopathological changes in testis. Experimental study. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka State, India. Male Wistar rats [13-14 weeks old] were treated with phenytoin sodium and sacrificed at the end of 2nd, 4th, 5th, 7th, 10th and 15th week after the last exposure to phenytoin sodium. Epididymal sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology and histopathology of testes were analysed. Sperm count and sperm motility were decreased significantly by phenytoin sodium. The percentage of abnormal sperms increased significantly in a time dependent manner. Histopathological study revealed that phenytoin sodium caused sloughing of epithelial cells in the testis. Phenytoin sodium caused reversible change in sperm motility, count, morphology and cytoarchitecture of testes. Pheochromocytoma diagnosis [Pheochcromocytoma, report of 10 cases] El Baghouli, M.; El Messaoudi, Y.A.; Aboutaib, R.; Dakir, M.; Fekak, H.; Rabii, R.; Debbagh, A.; Joual, A.; Bennani, S.; Meziane, F. Ibn Rochd Central University Hospital - Urology Department - Casablanca, Morocco Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 232-234 (13 ref.) Keywords: Pheochromocytoma-surgery; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Hypertension; Retrospective Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abstract: The pheochromocytoma is a rare endocrine tumor, issued from the chromaffine surrenalian or extra- surrenalian tissue. We report a retrospective study of 10 cases of pheochromocytoma collected during a period 3 years. Our study concerned 3 men and 7 women, with an average age of 32, 5 years. Revealing symptomatology was dominated by an arterial hypertension [8 cases]. The triad of Menard [headaches, sweating and palpitations] was found in 6 cases. The biological assessment found a rise in the urinary catecholamine. Complementary exams [ultrasonography, tomodensitometry, magnetic resonances] were usefull for the location of the tumor. The adenalectomy realised by transperitoneal under costal way was realised in all the cases. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis. The pheochromocytoma is a neuroendocrine tumor of neuroectodermic origin. The clinical and biological presentations depend on the importance of the hypersecretion of catecholamines. The treatment is surgical. The objective of this study is to insist on the rarity of this pathology, the diagnostic difficulties, the severity of this pathology and curability of the benign forms. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   86 Phosphonic Acids analysis Application of UV-spectrophotometric methods for estimation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in tablets. Shirkhedkar, Atul A.; Bhirud, Charushila, H.; Surana, Sanjay J. E-mail:atul_Shirkhedkar@yahoo.com RC Patel College of Pharmacy Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 27-29 (11 ref.) Keywords: Fumarates-analysis; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Anti-HIV Agents Abstract: Two new, simple and cost effective UV-spectrophotometric and first order derivative methods were developed for estimation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in bulk and tablets. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was estimated at 260 nm in 0.1N HCl. In first order derivative, it showed amplitude at 273 nm. In both the methods linearity was found to be in the range of 5 - 40 micro g/ml; for UV-spectrophotometric method [Y = 0.02586 X+0.0083; r2 = 0.9999] and for first order derivative spectrophotometric method [Y = 0.00132 X+0.00035; r2 = 0.9995], respectively. These methods were tested and validated for various parameters according to USP guidelines. The quantitation limits were found to be 1.546 and 1.986 micro g/ml, for both the methods. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in pharmaceutical formulations. The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, precise and reproducible [relative standard deviation < 2%], while being simple, cheap and less time consuming and can be suitably applied for the estimation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in different dosage forms. Pilonidal Sinus surgery Comparative study of different surgical modalities for treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus. Helmy, Ashraf A.; Ammar, Samir A.; Ali, Ayman M.A. Assiut University - Department of General Surgery Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 101-106 (11 ref.) Keywords: Combined Modality Therapy; Recurrence; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies Abstract: Pilonidal sinus disease of the natal cleft is a painful debilitating condition which often recurs despite different surgical procedures. In this thesis, the outcome of different methods for treatment of this disease are described and compared. A review of sixty patients were randomized into three groups. Group A were operated upon by sinus excision and leaving the resultant cavity to heal by granulation tissue. Group B were operated by excision with primary closure in natal cleft. Group C were operated by excision with oblique closure by z-plasty. Recurrence was highest in group B [25%] followed by group A [15%] and no recurrence occurred in group C. The mean satisfaction grading was 5, 2 in group A, 7.1 in group B and 9.3 in group c. Excision of pilonidal sinus and oblique closure by z- plasty offers improved patient satisfaction and no recurrence rate. Piroxicam chemical synthesis Spectrofluorimetric method for determination of some oxicams using potassium bromate. Abdel Wadood, Hanaa M. Assiut University - Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut - Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 2008; 31: 169-181 (69 ref.) Keywords: Drug Monitoring-methods; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Drug Compounding; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Bromates IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   87 Abstract: A sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory oxicams derivatives namely; tenoxicam [Tx], piroxicam [Px] and lornoxicam [Lx] after their complete oxidative acidic hydrolysis to 2-aminopyridine. The hydrolytic product 2-aminopyridine exhibits fluorescence emission at 365 nm [excitation at 305 nm]. The optimal conditions of the reaction were investigated. The method was found to be linear in the ranges of [0.015-0.500 micro g/ml] for Tx [0.006-0.300 micro g/ml] for Px and [0.060-0.200 micro g/ml] for Lx. The suggested method was successively applied for the determination of the studied drugs in different dosage forms with a recovery percentages ranged 96.82-102.79 +/- 0.614-2.578. The method was also applied for the determination of the drugs in spiked urine with a recovery percentages ranged 80.51-105.35 +/- 1.067-/+5.338. The validity of the method was assessed according to USP guidelines > Statistical analysis of the results reveled high accuracy and good precision. Placenta Accreta diagnosis An unusual presentation of placenta percreta. Ibrahim, Uroosa; Tariq, Marium; Hussain, Rubina Ziauddin Medical College JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 189-191 (10 ref.) Keywords: Placenta Accreta-ultrasonography; Placenta Accreta-therapy; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Cesarean Section-adverse effects; Risk Factors; Pregnancy Abstract: Morbidly adherent placenta is a rare clinical condition resulting from abnormally invasive implantation of the placenta into the uterine substance and potentially into the surrounding organs [percreta]. We report a case of invasive placentation extending through the uterine wall into the bladder and causing primary and recurrent secondary postpartum hemorrhage. It is emphasized that to avoid catastrophic complications, efforts to reach an early antenatal diagnosis should be made through various imaging modalities available in patients with a history of lower segment caesarean section. Plant Extracts therapeutic use Antitumor effects of ethanolic extracts from Sophora moorcroftiana seeds in mice. Xingming, Ma.; Hongjuan, Yu.; Ying, Deng; Yanping, Luo; Weihua, Tian; Fangyu, An.; Jun, Guo E-mail:maxm@lzu.edu.cn Lanzhou University - School of Basic Medicine IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 18-22 (17 ref.) Keywords: Medicine, Traditional-utilization; Sophora-drug effects; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis-drug effects; Stomach Neoplasms-drug therapy; Mice; Sarcoma-drug therapy; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha-drug effects; Interleukin-2; Cytokines; Ethrobotany Abstract: Sophora moorcroftiana [Wallich] is an endemic shrub species in Tibet, China, and is a plant with a great value in folk medicine. The previous studies had shown that the ethanolic [95%] extracts were much more effective than other extracts from Sophora moorcroftiana seeds on antiproliferative effects, inducing apoptosis in the human stomach cancer SGC-7901 cell line in vitro. To investigate the antitumor activity of the ethanolic extracts from Sophora moorcroftiana seeds, various doses of ethanolic extracts [200 mg/kg/d, 400 mg/kg/d, 800 mg/Kg/d] were administered via gavage to tumorbearing mice with S180 sarcoma cell for ten days. The weights of tumor tissue stripped from the left flank, TNF-alpha and IL-2 in blood-serum were tested and analyzed for photochemical composition, using standard procedures. The weight of tumor tissue was significantly decreased upon the treatment with ethanol extracts, but the decrease was more prominent in the group receiving ethanol extracts treatment at 800 mg/kg/d [1.35 +/- 0.21mg] and the inhibition rate on the growth of tumor tissue was higher [28.1%]. The structural changes of post-treatment in the tumor tissue by the ethanolic extracts at a dose of 800 mg/kg/d showed larger areas of necrosis and more significantly invaded lymphocytes. IL-2 and TNF-alpha in serum from the treated mice significantly increased in ethanolic extract- treated groups, compared with the untreated control animals. This suggested that the ethanolic extracts from Sophora moorcroftiana seeds had a weak antitumor role and in high concentration to tumor-bearing mice in vivo, the 95% ethanolic extracts was rather effective. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   88 Effects of total extract of Dracocephalum moldavica on ischemia/reperfusion induced arrhythmias and infarct size in the isolated rat heart. Najafi, Moslem; Ghasemian, Elham; Fathiazad, Fatemeh; Garjani, Alireza E-mail:najafim@tbzmed.ac.ir Tabriz University of Medical Sciences - School of Pharmacy, Drug Applied Research Center and Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology - Department of Pharmacology Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2009; 11 (4): 229-235 (31 ref.) Keywords: Reperfusion Injury; Arrhythmias, Cardiac-chemically induced; Myocardial Infarction; Rats, Wistar; Heart; Myocardial Ischemia; Plant Extracts-pharmacology Abstract: Dracocephalum moldavica [D. moldavica] have been traditionally used as a cardiotonic agent in the folk medicine of some regions of Iran. In the present study, effects of total extract of D. moldavica on ischemia/reperfusion induced arrhythmias and infarct size investigated in isolated rat heart. The isolated hearts were mounted on a Langendorff apparatus then perfused during 30 min regional ischemia and 120 min reperfusion, either by a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution as the control group or by enriched Krebs solution with total extract of D. moldavica [25-200 micro g/ml] as the treatment groups. The ECGs recorded and analyzed to determine cardiac arrhythmias. At the end of the reperfusion, the hearts stained by Evans blue solution then incubated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride. The volume of infarcted tissue and percentage of infarct size determined by computerized planimetry. The results demonstrated that total extract of D. moldavica caused a significant reduction in the number of ventricular tachycardia [VT], total ventricular ectopic beats [VEBs] and VT duration in ischemic and reperfusion periods. The incidence of ischemic VT reduced from 93% in the control group to 0, 50 and 50% in the treatment groups. The infarct size was 37 +/- 1% in the control group, however, perfusion of the extract [25, 50, 200 micro g/ml] reduced it to 13 +/- 2, 8 +/- 1 and 18 +/- 2%, respectively [P < 0.001]. In addition, the extract remarkably lowered volume of infarcted tissue compared to the control group [P < 0.05]. Our findings showed cardioprotective effects of total extract of D. moldavica against ischemia/reperfusion injuries in the isolated rat heart. Plants, Medicinal microbiology Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants. Sengul, Memnune; Yildiz, Hilal; Gungor, Neva; Cetin, Bulent; Eser, Zeynep; Ercisli, Sezai E-mail:memnunese@hotmail.com Ataturk University - Faculty of Agriculture - Department of Food Engineering Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 102-106 (17 ref.) Keywords: Phytotherapy; Anti-Infective Agents; Antioxidants; Hydroxybenzoic Acids; Plant Extracts-therapeutic use Abstract: Crude extracts from Inula aucherana, Fumaria officinalis, Crocus sativus, Vicum album, Tribulus terestris, Polygonatum multiflorum, Alkanna tinctoria and Taraxacum officinale were screened for their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Total phenolic content of extracts from these plants were also determined. Beta-carotene bleaching assay and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were used to determine total antioxidant activity and total phenols of plant extracts. Antimicrobial activity was determined by using disk diffusion assay. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content varied among plants used and Viscum album and Crocus sativus had the highest antioxidant [82.23%] and total phenolic content [42.29 mgGAE/g DW], respectively. The methanol extracts from Vicum album and Alkanna tinctoria showed antimicrobial activity against 9 out of 32 microorganisms, however extract from Inula aucherana showed antimicrobial activity against 15 out of 32 microorganisms. The results provided evidence that the studied plant might indeed be potential sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. Pneumothorax Primary spontaneous pneumothorax: an update. Ayed, Adel Khader KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (1): 1-2 (8 ref.) Keywords: Emphysema; Thoracoscopy; Lung IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   89 Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome diagnosis Status epilepticus as a presenting sign of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in a liver transplant recipient. Taghdiri, Mohammad Mehdi; Amanati, Ali; Musavi, Seyed Mohammadali Hamadan University of Medical Sciences - Department of Pediatrics Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2009; 19 (1): 69-74 (18 ref.) Keywords: Posterior Leukoencepholopathy Syndrome-etiology; Posterior Leukoencepholopathy Syndrome- complications; Posterior Leukoencepholopathy Syndrome-radiography; Status Epilepticus-drug therapy; Status Epilepticus-etiology; Status Epilepticus-radiography; Liver Transplantation-adverse effects; Immunosuppressive Agents-adverse effects; Immunosuppressive Agents-therapeutic use; Magnetic Resonance Imaging-utilization; Tacrolimus-adverse effects; Tacrolimus-therapeutic use; Valproic Acid-therapeutic use; Midazolam-therapeutic use; Phenytoin-therapeutic use; Phenobarbital-therapeutic use Abstract: Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome [RPLE] is an increasingly recognized disorder, most commonly associated with immunosuppressive and cytotoxic agent, malignant hypertension and toxemia of pregnancy. Neurological symptoms are headache, mental and visual disturbance, and seizures. Brain MRI findings are symmetrical bilateral hyper intense areas of occipital and parietal lobes in T2-weighted magnetic resonance [MR] images. This finding is reversible with prompt successful treatment which may take days to weeks for full reversal. We observed a case of status epilepticus which occurred 32 days after liver transplantation in a patient on regimen consisting of Tacrolimus [FK 506]. He had no history of neurologic disease or metabolic abnormalities. Typical findings of RPLE were present on brain MRI. The recurrence of seizures terminated after a few hours with adding Na-valproate to Phenytoin, Phenobarbital and Midazolam. The radiological finding of brain MRI gradually diminished after several weeks. A physician should be alert of seizures during early post transplant period of liver transplantation. He should bear in mind the diagnosis of RPLE and consider discontinuation of immunosuppressive drugs. Prednisone metabolism Biotransformation studies of prednisone using human intestinal bacteria; part I: aerobic incubation. Al Sanea, Mohammed M.; Abdel Hafez, Atef A.; Omar, Farghaly A.; Youssef, Adel F. Assiut University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Medicinal Chemistry Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 2008; 31: 215-228 (9 ref.) Keywords: Biotransformation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Bacteria, Aerobic; Intestines Abstract: Several corticosteroids are commonly used for treatment of conditions associated with inflammatory disorders and as immune modulators. Specifically in cases of ulcerative colitis and the related inflammatory bowel syndromes, these therapeutic agents are administered rectally and are subjected to several intestinal micro floras. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of human intestinal bacterial [HIB] aerobic incubation on prednisone 1 as a model for corticosteroids. Within 96 hours, 1 was mostly transformed by HIB in vitro to various metabolites, which could be separated by column chromatography into two fractions. The first eluted fraction. A was found to contain the major metabolite adrenosterone androst-4-ene~3, 11,1 7-trione m[1], whereas fraction B contains metabolite m[2] which was identified by chiral HPLC as a mixture of androst-l,4-diene-3, II, 1 7-trione enantiomers. The structures of metabolites m[1]and m[2] were identified and characterized by spectroscopic techniques, including 2D-NMR and mass spectrometry. Time course of biotransformation of 1 by HIB was also studied. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   90 Pregnancy psychology Development of a stress scale for pregnant women in the South Asian context: the A-Z Stress Scale. Kazi, A.; Fatmi, Z.; Hatcher, J.; Niaz, U.; Aziz, A. E-mail:ambreen.kazi@aku.edu Aga Khan University - Department of Community Health Sciences EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 353-361 (28 ref.) Keywords: Stress, Psychological-adverse effects; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Educational Status; Employment; Reproducibility of Results; Pregnancy Outcome Abstract: Stress in pregnancy can lead to low-birth-weight and preterm babies and to psychological consequences such as anxiety and depression during pregnancy and the puerperium. Previous scales to measure stress contain items that overlap with the symptoms of pregnancy. A stress scale was developed based on in-depth interviews with pregnant women in Pakistan. Construct validity, test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability were carried out. Cronbach alpha was 0.82 for the 30 short-listed items, with item-total correlations of 0.2-0.8. Multidimensional scaling determined 2 dimensions: socioenvironmental hassles and chronic illnesses. This was the first scale developed for pregnant women based on stressors in a developing country in South Asia. Pterocarpus Peltophorum pterocarpum [DC.] Baker ex K. Heyne growth in soils of Korangi and Landhi Industrial areas of Karachi, Pakistan. Atiq ur Rehman, Syed; Iqbal, Muhammad Zafar E-mail:atiq_falcon7663@yahoo.com University of Karachi - Department of Botany Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2009; 5 (1): 7-16 (30 ref.) Keywords: Mimosa; Soil; Industry; Soil Pollutants; Plants Abstract: The growth of Peltophorum pterocarpum [DC.] Baker ex K. Heyne were studied in soils collected from Khan Towel, Tanveer Garment, One Tech Rubber and One Tech Ply Board factories in the vicinity of Korangi and Landhi industrial areas under natural environmental conditions. Various growth variables of P. pterocarpum were reduced from industrial areas soils particularly of One Tech Rubber factory soil exhibited decrease in many plant growth parameters than a control soil of Karachi University Campus. Reduction was pronounced in plant height, leaves numbers, plant cover, leaflets numbers, leaf area and dry weights of root, shoot, leaf and total plant in One Tech Rubber factory soil as compared to University soil. Tanveer Garment factory soil inhibited apparently shoot, seedling length, specific leaf area and leaf area ratio while root length and root/shoot ratio was retarded by One Tech Ply Board factory soil. Khan Towel factory soil stunted the root/shoot ratio of P. pterocarpum as correlated to University soil. Puberty Puberty health: knowledge, attitude and practice of the adolescent girls in Tehran, Iran. Alavi, Manijeh; Poushaneh, Kambiz; Khosravi, Aliakbar E-mail:alavim@hbi.dmr.or.ir Ministry of Health and Medical Education - Deputy of Research Payesh - Health Monitor 2009; 8 (1): 59-65, 99 (20 ref.) Keywords: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Adolescent; Mothers-education; Menarche; Questionnaires Abstract: Puberty is a critical period of life. Considering the importance of this event and its effects on adolescents' future and healthy generations, research in this field and its challenges is very necessary and important. In this study, knowledge, attitude and practice of the adolescent girls in puberty health were assessed in Tehran. For this purpose, 386 students studying in educational districts in five areas of Tehran [North, South, West, East and Center] were randomly selected by clustered sampling. Puberty health data was gathered through knowledge, attitude and performance questionnaires and was statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as analysis of variance. This study showed that the mean age of Menarche was 12.5 years. There was no significant difference between mean ages of menarche in the students of five education districts in Tehran. 45.5% of students believed that puberty is not pleasant and found it troublesome and 36.7% believed that it was a physiologic event. 10.4% of cases were scarred in the first menstrual period and only 17.1% of the students were previously ready for it. The knowledge of 50.3% of IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   91 students was high. 54.4% had positive attitude about puberty health and the performance of 57% of students was moderate [most frequencies]. The correlation between mothers level of literacy and students knowledge and practice regarding puberty health were statistically significant [P < 0.05]. Results suggest that considering the totally high [and very high] level of students knowledge[57.5%] as well as totally positive [and very positive] attitude regarding menstrual health [60.9%], the practice was supposed to be better [just 38.9% had correct and very correct practice]. Therefore education in the field of puberty health especially menstrual health is necessary to improve knowledge, attitude and practice of the students. Furthermore, since the family is preferred as the main source of education [in 73.4% of cases] as well as consultation [in 76.5% of cases], informing and training the families and especially mothers is recommended. Purines chemical synthesis Antitumor activity of some new 1,3,8-trisubstituted purine-2,6-diones and 1,3,6- trisubstitutedthiazolo[2,3-f] purine-2,4-diones. Hayallah, Alaa M.; Momekov, Georgi; Famulok, Michael Assiut University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 2008; 31: 391-399 (25 ref.) Keywords: Thiazoles-chemical synthesis; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Tumor Cells, Cultured Abstract: New l,3,8-trisubsttiuted purine-2,6-diones and 1,3,6-trisubstituted thiazolo[2,3-f] purine-2,4-diones were designed and synthesized as potential antitumor agents. The cytotoxic effects of the tested compounds were assessed against two human malignant-cell lines: T-cell leukemia derived SKW-3 and breast cancer -derived MDA-MB-231 using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium [MTT-dye] reduction assay, after 72 h exposure. The data -were fitted to sigmoidal concentration response curves and the corresponding 1C 50 values were calculated using commercially available software [GraphPad Prizm]. Compound AH-206 was the most potent cytotoxic agent among the newly synthesized compounds, with 1C 50 value of 17.3 micro M. Prominent activity was also encountered with compounds AH-201, AH- 205, AH-208, AH-214 and AH-217, all having 1C[50] values below 100 micro M. Pyrazoles pharmacology Modification of antiinflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects of celecoxib with some antiulcer drugs in experimental animals. Abdel Rahim, Mahmoud H.; Mangoura, Safwat A.; Omran, Faten M.; Madkour, Hala I. Assiut University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pharmacology Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 149-162 (53 ref.) Keywords: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Ranitidine; Drug Combinations; Rats; Mice; Sulfonamides-pharmacology; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Omeprazole Abstract: Patients under antiulcer therapy may suffer from a concurrent disease which requires the use of one of NSAIDs, In such cases, these patients are likely to receive a combination of one of the antiulcer drugs plus the NSAIDs. Accordingly, the simultaneous use of one of the NSAIDs with one of the antiulcer drugs may lead to drug-drug interaction. The present work was devoted to the assessment of the modification of the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects of celecoxib after the concurrent administration of the antiulcer drugs, omeprazole and ranitidine. This study was performed on two animal species, rats and mice. Rats were used to detect the anti-inflammatory and the antipyretic activities of the investigated drugs. Mice were utilized to study the analgesic activity of the same drugs.Male albino rats were divided into 2 main groups: Group I. rats were divided into 5 subgroups, to study the anti- inflammatory activity of the tested drugs by induction of inflammation by subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml of 20% brewer's yeast suspension into planter surface of the right hid paw and measuring the rats paw thickness according to the treatment received. Group II: rats were divided into 5 subgroups, to study the anti-pyretic activity of the tested drugs by induction of pyrexia by subcutaneous injection of 2.5ml of 20% aqueous suspension of yeast dorsally and ventrally and recording the rectal temperature according to the treatment received. GroupIII: mice were divided into two set of experiment each of which divided into 5 subgroups. The analgesic activity of the drugs was evaluated by chemical method [p-benzoquinon induced -writhing response and the thermal method [hot plate method]. Intraperitoneal [i.p.] administration of celecoxib produced highly significant reduction in the rat's paw edema. Intraperitoneal injection of celecoxib and ranitidine caused highly significant decrease in the rat's paw edema. Similarly the combined i.p injection of celecoxib and omeprazole gave a highly significant reduction in the rat's paw edema. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   92 Intraperitoneal administration of celecoxib Into hyper-thermic rats led to a remarkable reduction in body temperature of rats. Combined administration of celecoxib and ranitidine produced highly significant decrease in body temperature. The combined i.p administration of celecoxib and omeprazole caused a highly significant decrease. In body temperature. The i.p administration of celecoxib before the injection of P-benzoquinon [PBQ] protected the animals against writhing response. Intraperitoneal injection of celecoxib and ranitidine resulted in protection of animals from PBQ-induced writhing response which was highly significant. The simultaneous administration of celecoxib and omeprazole protected the animals from PBQ-induced writhing response which was highly significant. Intraperitoneal injection of celecoxib revealed a highly significant increase in the reaction time. The combined administration of celecoxib and ranitidine caused highly significant increase in the reaction time. Intraperitoneal administration ofcelecoxib and omeprazole also produced highly significant increase in the reaction time to thermal stimulus. Intraperitoneal injection of ranitidine or omeprazole caused non significant change in the rat's paw edema or yeast induced pyrexia, but ranitidine caused a significant decrease in PBQ-induced writhing response and in hoi plate- induced pain. On the other hand omeprazol produced non significant change in PBQ-induced writhing response and in hot plate-induced pain. It could be suggested that ranitidine is a relatively better drug than omeprazole with respect to anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic actions when used concurrently with a selective COXII inhibitor. Pyrimidines chemical synthesis Synthesis of certain pyrazolol [3,4-d] pyrimidine derivatives of potential anti-inflammatory activity. Abbas, Safinaz E.S.; Georgey, Hanan H.; Abdelrahman, Shimaa M.; El Taliawi, Gamil M. Cairo University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 2008; 31: 197-214 (27 ref.) Keywords: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Indomethacin; Rats, Wistar; Models, Animal; Pyrazoles- chemical synthesis Abstract: The synthesis of twenty nine novel derivatives of pyrazolol [3,4-d] pyrimidines as non acidic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been achieved via reaction of 4-chloro-l-phenylpyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine with different substituents including 4-amino-3-methylphenol, 4-phenylene diamine and 4-acetamidophenol. The anti-inflammatory activity of thirteen representative compounds have been screened compared to indomethacin as a reference drug. The results revealed that all the tested compounds showed anti-inflammatory activity with the exception of 10a.. Pyrimidinones chemical synthesis Synthesis and antitumor activity of some 5H-pyrrolizine, pyrimido [5, 4-a] pyrrolizine pyrimido [4, 5-b] pyrrolizine derivatives. El Moghazy, Samir M.; Mohamed, Mohamed A. Azim; Farag, Awatif El S.; Gouda, Ahmed M. Cairo University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department SPJ - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2009; 17 (1): 3-18 (35 ref.) Keywords: Pyrimidinones-pharmacology; Antineoplastic Agents; Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Abstract: Seven new series of condensed pyrrolizine derivatives of anticipated antitumor activity have been synthesized. Comprises ethyl-1-cyano-3-phenylcarbamoyl-6, 7-dihydro-5Hpyrrolizin- 2-yl-carbamate, 2, 4-dioxo-1H- pyrimido [4, 5-b] pyrrolizine-9carbonitrile, 1-cyano-2 [3-substituted ureido]-3N-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-pyrrolizine-3- carboxamide, 3- [alkyl / phenyl] -4-imino-2-oxo-9N-phenyl-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7-hexahydro-1H-pyrimido [5, 4-a] pyrrolizine-9- carboxamide, 4-arnino-3-[alkyl / phenyl]-2-oxo-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7-hexahydro-1H-pyrimido [5, 4-a] pyrrolizine-9- carboxamide, of 2-amino-3N-phenyl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolizine-1, 3-dicarboxamide and 4-oxo-9N-phenyl-4. 5, 6, 7- tetrahydro-3H-pyrimido [5, 4-a] pyrrolizin-9-carboxamide derivatives. Eleven were screened for their in vitro antitumor activity and ten compounds proved to possess moderate to weak activities. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   93 Quality of Life Feasibility of quality of life assessment in routine clinical oncology practice: a Tunisian study. Masmoudi, A.; Frikha, M.; Daoud, J. E-mail:masmoudi33@ yahoo.fr Bourguiba University Hospital - Department of Medical Oncology EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 362-368 (24 ref.) Keywords: Evaluation Studies as Topic; Cancer Care Facilities; Neoplasms; Patients; Breast Neoplasms; Questionnaires; Drug Therapy-adverse effects Abstract: Limited research has been devoted to quality of life [QOL] of cancer patients in developing countries. To assess the feasibility of QOL assessment in a cohort of Tunisian cancer patients, the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire was administered to 23 women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer on an outpatient basis at baseline and during the 3rd cycle of chemotherapy. We observed a significant deterioration in physical functioning, cognitive functioning and social functioning during chemotherapy. However, a wide range of methodological and practical obstacles to routine QOL evaluation were identified through this study. Further improvement of cancer care infrastructure and public education is still needed before reliable QOL studies can be performed. Is quality of life data predictive of the survival in cancer patients? a rapid and systematic review of the literature. Montazeri, A. E-mail:montazeri@]acecr.ac.ir Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research ACECR - Public Health and Epidemiology Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention 2009; 2 (1): 1-14 (97 ref.) Keywords: Survival Rate; Survival Analysis; Anorexia; Fatigue; Prognosis; Neoplasms Abstract: To review literature on relationship between quality of life data and the length of survival in cancer patients. A literature search was carried out using MEDLINE to assess existing knowledge on relationship between quality of life data as a prognostic factor and survival in cancer patients. The intention was to review all full publications in English language biomedical journals. The search strategy included the combination of keywords 'cancer', 'prognostic', 'predictor', 'predictive', 'quality of life' and 'survival' in titles of publications. The literature was also examined to ensure that the study used multivariate analyses. Pure psychological studies were excluded. The initial search was carried out twice in December 2008 and twice for a final check in early and late January 2009. A manual search also was performed for including possible additional papers. In all 146 citations were identified and reviewed. Of these, 88 citations on relationship between quality of life and survival were found relevant and examined in this rapid and systematic review of the literature. The findings are summarized under different headings including studies on heterogeneous sample of cancer patients, lung cancer, breast cancer, gastro-oesophageal cancers, colorectal cancer and other cancers. Except a few exceptions most studies found that quality of life data or some aspects of quality of life measures were significant independent predictors of survival duration. Global quality of life, functioning domains and symptom scores such as appetite loss, fatigue and pain individually or in combined were the most important factors that predicted the length of survival in cancer patients after adjusting for one or more demographic and known clinical prognostic factors.Studies reported in this review provide evidence for a positive relationship between quality of life data or some aspects of quality of life measures and the length of survival in cancer patients. Pre-treatment quality of life data are appeared to be most reliable information that could help clinicians to establish prognostic criteria for treatment of their cancer patients. Indeed, conducting studies using valid instruments, applying sound methodological approaches and adequate but not sophisticated multivariate statistical analyses adjusted for demographic characteristics and known clinical prognostic factors are recommended in order to yield more specific quality of life related prognostic variables for specific cancers. Reactive Oxygen Species blood Increased oxygen free radical production from isolated human pmnls and whole blood by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence in autistic children. Al Ayadhi, Laila Y. E-mail:ayadh2@gmail.com King Saud University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Physiology, Head of the Autism Research and Treatment Unit KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (1): 26-30 (31 ref.) Keywords: Neutrophils-chemistry; Luminescence; Luminol; Autistic Disorders-blood; Child; Cohort Studies; Mental Retardation-blood; Chemiluminescent Measurements; Free Radicals; Oxygen IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   94 Abstract: To investigate the estimated capacity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes [PMNLs] and whole blood to produce reactive oxygen species [ROS] in children with autism and mental retardation, and compare it with normal children. Cohort study conducted between January and April 2007. Chemiluminescence laboratory [CL], Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khaled University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Forty autistic and eight mentally retarded children. Oxygen free radical production [O2-, H2O2, OH-] was detected by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence, from isolated PMNLs and whole blood, stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate [PMA] and opsinized zymazan [OPZ]. Oxygen free radical production from whole blood and PMNLs. Forty autistic [35 male and fivefemale],andeightmentally retarded children [study group] were compared with forty six normal Saudi children [control group]. The mean age was 7.4 +/- 0.5 years. The CL peak response of whole blood and PMNLs stimulated with PMA and OPZ, in autistic children was significantlyhigher [p < 0.05]compared to control children. However, the CL peak response in children with mental retardation did not show any significant differences when compared tothe control group. There is an increase in oxygen free radicals production from whole blood and from PMNLs in autistic children. Therefore, an increase the antioxidant consumption in autistic children is strongly recommended. Receptors, Nicotinic Modulation of basal glutamatergic transmission by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat hippocampal slices. Roshan Milam, Shiva; Saboory, Ehsan; Cobb, Stuart E-mail:shivamilani@umsu.ac.ir Urmia University of Medical Sciences - Medical Faculty - Department of Physiology Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2009; 11 (4): 221-218 (33 ref.) Keywords: Rats, Wistar; Excitatory Amino Acid Agents; Glutamic Acid; Epilepsy; Hippocampus; Acetylcholine Abstract: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors [nAChRs] regulate epileptiform activity and produce a sustained proepileptogenic action within the hippocampal slices. In the present study, we investigated the effect of nAChRs on evoked glutamatergic synaptic transmission in area CA3 and CA1 of rat hippocampal slices to identify possible excitatory circuits through which activation of nAChRs produce their pro-epileptogenic effects. Hippocampal slices [400 micro m thick] prepared in vitro from male Wistar rats [3-5 weeks], using standard procedures. Following 1 hr equilibration in artificial cerebrospinal fluid [ACSF], slices transferred to an interface recording chamber. Stimulatory electrodes placed within the hilus or Schaffer-collateral pathways and extracellular field recordings made in the stratum radiatum of the CA1 and CA3 regions to investigate evoked synaptic responses. Bath application of the selective nAChR agonist dimethylphenyl-piperanzinium [DMPP, 30 micro M] resulted in a sustained and reversible enhancement of glutamate afferent evoked fEPSP amplitude by 15.7 +/- 5.1% [mean +/- SEM; n = 8 of 12] in the CA3 region of the hippocampus but not in the CA1 [-5.25 +/- 8.3%, mean +/- SEM; n = 5]. Activation of nAChRs may produce pro- epileptogenic actions in part through regulating glutamatergic circuits. Difference in nAChR regulation is also evident between different regions of hippocampus. Rectal Neoplasms surgery Anastomotic leakage following low anterior resection of rectal cancer considering the role of protective stoma. Mozafar, M.; Sobhiyeh, M.R.; Heibatoilahi, M. Beheshti University [MC] - Shohada Hospital - Department of Surgery Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention 2009; 2 (1): 29-33 (35 ref.) Keywords: Rectal Neoplasms-epidemiology; Anastomosis surgical-adverse effects; Anastomosis, Surgical-methods; Surgical Stomas; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Risk Factors; Retrospective Studies Abstract: Probable risk factors of clinical anastomotic leakage and the role of defunctioning stoma in patients undergoing low anterior resection [LAR] for rectal cancer, is still controversial. The goal of our study was to find out possible risk factors of anastomotic leakage and to locate the influence of protective stoma in the rate of anastomotic leakage. In this retrospective study, 44 patients underwent LAR with total mesorectal excision [TME] during the period from 2001 to 2006 were analyzed. From these 44 patients 24 were treated with protective stoma while 20 were not. Overall anastomotic leakage rate was similar among patients with and without protective stoma [odds ratio=0.51, P=0.2357]. Male gender, Low anastomosis, Coronery Artery Disease, preoperative radiotherapy, and smoking were great risk factors for developing anastomotic leakage. We did not find any differences between handsewn and stapled anastomosis [odds ratio = 0.6]. protective stoma will be helpful depending on surgeon experiences and is not recommended for all the patients routinely. Beside this, male gender, low anastomosis, coronary artery disease, preoperative radiotherapy, and smoking are the major risk factors of anastomotic leakage. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   95 Referral and Consultation Consultation time and its determinants in general practitioners of Gorgan, Iran. Vahid, Khoori; Changizii, Shima; Poorreza, Abolghasem; Zeinali, Ramezan E-mail:vaph99@yahoo.com Golestan University of Medical Sciences - Cardiovascular Research Center Payesh - Health Monitor 2009; 8 (1): 39-47, 101 (17 ref.) Keywords: Time; Physicians, Family; Drug Prescriptions; Time Factors; Questionnaires Abstract: To determine average consultation time and evaluate its determinants in general practitce in Gorgan, Iran. 620 consultations from 62 general practitioners were evaluated. In addition physician consultation time was measured with a stopwatch. After the consultation, a questionnaire was completed for all patients. Data was analyzed by SPSSv 11.5 software. The average consultation time of general practitioners in Gorgan was 6.9 +/- 2.6 minutes. Consultation time was directly correlated with patient-s interruption, educational level of patient and prescribing volume of physician. This study showed that consultation time in Gorgan is lower than many developed and developing countries. High number of patients in waiting rooms and high prescription volume might explain shorter consultation time in Gorgan. Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy diagnosis [What is your diagnosis? Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy right hand finger rigidity] Sbai, M.A.; Maalla, R.; Boussen, M.; Zaalouni, I.; Tabib, M. MT Maamouri Hospital - Orthopedics Department - Nabeul Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 221-252 (12 ref.) Keywords: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy-drug therapy; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy-rehabilitation; Fingers- pathology Renal Artery injuries Blunt injury to the renal artery. Kambar, Habib; Nayef, Marawan; Loai, Moussa E-mail:loaimoussa@hotmail.com Al Sabah Hospital - department of Urology KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (1): 63-65 (10 ref.) Keywords: Wounds, Nonpenetrating; Fever; Hematuria; Accidental Falls; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Kidney- injuries Abstract: Renal artery injury is an uncommon complication of blunt abdominal trauma. We report a case of blunt injury to the renal artery in a 13 year-old girl who presented with low grade fever and microscopic hematuria, following a fall from the horse-back. Although Computed tomography [CT] done initially reported normal, a subsequent imaging revealed a diffuse subcapsular hematoma in the left kidney compressing the non-functioning renal tissue as well as left renal artery and a diffuse renal cortical infarct. This result was similar to what was found in the subsequent isotope scan, which revealed poor left renal function of 3%. Increasing the use of CT scan to evaluate blunt abdominal trauma helps to identify more cases of renal artery injury, which might otherwise be missed. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   96 Reperfusion Injury drug therapy The effects of N-acetylcysteine on intestinal ischemia/ reperfusion injury in rats. Ayvaz, Suleyman; Aksu, Burhan; Inan, Mustafa; Uzun, Hafize; Aydin, Seval; Bilgi, Selcuk; Umit, Hasan C.; Pul, Mehmet Trakya University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pediatric Surgery Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 24-29 (24 ref.) Keywords: Rats, Wistar; Acetylcysteine-therapeutic use; Intestines-pathology; Intestines-Injuries Abstract: To evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine NAC on the injury of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. Forty-eight Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 6 groups: as control, ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion, ischemia + N-acetylcysteine, ischemia-reperfusion + N-acetylcysteine IRN, and reperfusion + N-acetylcysteine RN. Histopathologic examination was performed to all groups. In the tissue and plasma, and erythrocyte samples, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and nitric oxide NO levels were evaluated. The present study was carried out in Trakya and Istanbul University, Edirne, Turkey between December 2002 and July 2003. The most severe histopathological damage was seen in the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion group, and this damage was observed to be reduced by NAC administration. Lowest plasma malondialdehyde levels were observed in RN group. The tissue glutathione levels were found to be higher in RN group than those in IRN group. It was found that administration of NAC has important effects on the injury of intestinal ischemia, as well as, reperfusion in rats. N-acetylcysteine administration causes an improvement in the histopathologic findings of ischemia/reperfusion damages. The N-acetylcysteine treatment protects the antioxidant enzymes in the tissue, plasma, and the erythrocytes, which are crucially important in the intestinal schemia/reperfusion injury in rats. therapy The effects of acupuncture on rats with brain ischemia-reperfusion. Kavakli, Ahmet; Kose, Evren; Akpolat, Nusret; Sarsilmaz, Mustafa E-mail:kavaklia@gmail.com Firat University - School of Medicine - Department of Anatomy Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 10-13 (25 ref.) Keywords: Acupuncture Therapy; Rats, Wistar; Brain Ischemia-therapy Abstract: To investigate the damage of brain ischemia-reperfusion [I/R] caused by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery [MCA], and the effects of acupuncture on this damage. This investigation took place in the Experimental Research Unit of Firat University, Elazig, Turkey in January-February 2007. For this aim, 14 rats were divided into 2 groups: I/R [control] and I/R+acupuncture [experiment]. In the I/R group, the MCA was occluded for 60 minutes, after this reperfusion was applied. In the I/R+acupuncture group, dry needle acupuncture was applied after reperfusion for 10 days. At the end of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed. The brain tissues were examined after staining with hematoxylin and eosin. In the samples belonging to the I/R group, widespread necrotic areas, red neurons, vacuolization, congestion, and edema were observed. In the I/R+ acupuncture group, the findings of ischemia were significantly decreased when compared with the I/R group. The damage caused by I/R was decreased by manual acupuncture therapy, however, further clinical studies are needed to determine the mechanism of acupuncture treatment, the optimal timing, and duration of acupuncture treatment in such disorders. Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn physiopathology Plasma-free carnitine levels in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Mohamed, Gamal B.; Abdel Hakeem, A.; Emad, Allam, A.; Makhloof, F. Al Minya University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pediatrics Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 193-197 (25 ref.) Keywords: Infant, Premature; Carnitine-blood; Gestational Age; Birth Weight Abstract: Antenatal carnitine administration has been shown to induce fetal lung maturity by increasing pulmonary surfactant in animal and human studies. In this study, the aim was to investigate the status of carnitine in maternal and neonatal plasma of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome [RDS] in the first hours of life. We also aimed to characterize the carnitine status in these neonates with respect to sex, gestational age, birth weight, mode of delivery, IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   97 and antenatal corticosteroid administration. Maternal plasma-free carnitine levels were determined before delivery and neonatal plasma-free carnitine levels were determined within 2 h of birth in preterm infants </= 34 weeks gestational age] who developed RDS in the first 6 h of life and in the control group. The results showed that the mean neonatal plasma-free carnitine level was significantly lower in preterm infants with RDS than in the control group [19.96 +/- 5.77 micro mol/L, and 37.9 +/- 5.77 micro mol/L, respectively; p = 0.001] while the mean maternal plasma-free carnitine levels were similar in both groups [33.28 +/- 9.58 micro mol/L, and 37.3 +/- 9.55 micro mol/L, respectively; p = 0.168]. Neonatal plasma-free carnitine levels correlated negatively with gestational age and birth weight in the RDS group [r = -0.512; p = 0.009 and r = -0.476; p = 0.016], and in the control group [r = -0.869; p = 0.0001 and r = -0.810; p-0.0001]. Sex, mode of delivery, and antenatal corticosteroid administration had no statistically significant effect on the level of plasma-free carnitine in the studied preterm infants. Low neonatal plasma-free carnitine levels in preterm infants with RDS maybe due to decreased maternal-fetal transfer of carnitine or to increased consumption of carnitine in fetal lung tissue for surfactant synthesis. This could be contributing factor in the pathogenesis of RDS in preterm infants. Restless Legs Syndrome diagnosis Restless legs syndrome in a person with Fahr s disease. Okuyucu, Esra K.; Tunc, Tugba; Karazincir, Sinem; Duman, Taskin E-mail:esraokuyucu@yahoo.com Mustafa Kemal University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Neurology Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 89-90 (5 ref.) Keywords: Calcinosis; Basal Ganglia; Cerebellar Nuclei; Cerebellar Diseases; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Retinopathy of Prematurity etiology Prevalence and predisposing factros of retinopathy of prematurity in very low-birth-weight infants discharged from NICU. Saeidi, Reza; Hashemzadeh, Ahmad; Ahmadi, Sina; Rahmani, Shagayeg E-mail:saeedir@mums.ac.ir Mashed University of Medical Sciences - Ghaem Hospital - Department of Pediatrics Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2009; 19 (1): 59-63 (15 ref.) Keywords: Retinopathy of Prematurity-complications; Retinopathy of Prematurity-diagnosis; Retinopathy of Prematurity-epidemiology; Retinopathy of Prematurity-statistics and numerical data; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Prevalence; Infant, Premature-abnormalities; Cross-Sectional Studies; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal-standards; Sepsis-complications; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn-complications; Retrospective Studies Abstract: Retinopathy of prematurity [ROP] is a disease of the eye caused by disorganized growth of retinal blood vessels resulting in scarring and retinal detachment. All preterm babies are at high risk for ROP, and very low birth weight is an additional risk factor. An increased incidence of ROP is expected in Iran because of improved survival of low birth weight and premature babies, and it is obvious that pediatricians and ophthalmologists are concerned about prevention and timely treatment of ROP in these children. To asses the real situation of ROP in our NICU we studied its prevalence and risk factors. This was a retrospective analysis of premature infants with birth weight of </= 1500 grams or gestational age of </= 32 weeks, admitted April 1, 2005 to March 28, 2006, to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Qaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The collected data of 47 cases in this cross-sectional study are analyzed by SPSS [Mann-Whitney, t-Student]. Forty five infants were included in the study. Out of these, 4 [8.5%] developed ROP [inclusive all stages]. Our analysis revealed that low gestational age, sepsis and respiratory distress syndrome were independent predictors for the development of ROP. The frequency of ROP in our hospital was lower than the range reported in developed countries, and our risk factors were a little different. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   98 Rhodanine analogs and derivatives New synthesis of aminorhodanin and condensed derivatives. Jalili, Mohammad Ali; Hosseini, Kamran Mousavi Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization - Research Center Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 53-57 (13 ref.) Keywords: Rhodanine-chemical synthesis; Hydrazines; Sulfhydryl Compounds Abstract: Aminorhodanins are heterocyclic compounds of dithiocarbazoyl which include sulphur and nitrogen in their structures. Different research studies have been performed on rhodanin and it-s condensed derivatives and several reports have been issued indicating their antimicrobial properties. In the present work, first a new method has been developed for production of aminorhodanin, which include one more nitrogen atom in third position compare to rhodanins molecule, then condensed reactions with aldehydes have been investigated. The probable biological properties of produced compounds will be investigated in another research study. Salmonella Infections Food-borne salmonella outbreak at a bank cafeteria: an investigation in an Arab country in transition. Hanna, N.M.; Adib, S.M.; Daoud, Z. University of Balamand - Faculty of Health Sciences - Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 470-474 (5 ref.) Keywords: Disease Outbreaks; Gastroenteritis-microbiology; Food Contamination; Salmonella Food Poisoning; Food Handling Satellite Cells, Perineuronal Histochemical and morphometric studies of perfneuronal nets in the retrosplenial cortex of albino rat. Mubarak, Wafaa A.; Sayed, Ramadan; Mubarak, Heba A.; Ohtsuka, A.; Mura kami, T. Assiut University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Anatomy Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 107-120 (45 ref.) Keywords: Spleen; Rats, Wistar; Proteoglycans; Glycoproteins Abstract: Reticular or net-like perineuronal coatings, termed perineuronal nets [PNs], enriched with proteoglycans [PGs] and/or glycoproteins [GPs] were demonstrated to ensheath cell surfaces of certain neuronal circuits in the central nervous system of mammals, reptiles and fishes. In this investigation, three types of coated neuronal circuits were histochernically demonstrated in the adult rat retrosplenial cortex [RSC]; PGs-, GPs- and PGs/GPs- coated neuronal types. The PGs coated neurons were histochemically detected with a cationic iron colloid [CIC] staining or CIC/Bodian enhancement procedure. The GPs coated ones were detected with certain plant lectins from Vicia villosa agglutinin VVA Wisteria florihunda agglutinin WFA or Glycine max agglutinin SBA for N-acetylgalactosamine-binding. The netassociated neurons were mostly distributed throughout the cortical layers II-V Their mean number per UA [60.15 micro M[2] was ranged from 9.87 +/- 0.43-10.50+2.61 in 8-month old rat and forming about 24-26% of total neuronal population. Statistical Analysis revealed that the mean numbers of PGs, GPs and PGs/GPs coated cells were 0.84 +/- 0.07, 6.33 +/- 0.34 and 2.70 +/- 0.22, respectively. Their percentages represented about 9%, 64% and 27% of total coated neurons in RSC, respectively. Notably, the labeled retrosplenial neurons underwent a non-significant increase in number with progression of age during the first post natal year; however, they declined thereafter toward senility. This data indicated that the extracellular matrix of net- associated retrosplenial neurons in adult albino rat was enriched with GPs and/or PGs molecules and this neurochemical heterogeneity might have diverse biological and functional properties of the neurons in RSC. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   99 Scaphoid Bone anatomy and histology Foramen of Vesalius. Kale, Aysin; Aksu, Funda; Ozturk, Adnan; Curses, like A.; Gayretli, Ozcan; Zeybek, Fatma G.; Bayraktar, Bulent; Ari, Zafer; Onder, Neslihan E-mail:aysinckale@yahoo.com Istanbul University - Istanbul Faculty of Medicine - Department of Anatomy Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 56-59 (16 ref.) Keywords: Skull-anatomy and histology Abstract: To investigate the frequency of unilateral or bilateral foramen of Vesalius FV, number of FV present on one side, and presence of a septum on FV. We bilaterally examined, 347 sphenoid bones of collections of the Department of Anatomy, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul and Dokuz Eylul Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey in 2007. Of the 347 bilaterally examined skulls, 87 25.1% had bilateral FV, 191 55% specimens did not have any FV on both sides, and 69 specimens 19.9% had unilateral FV 33 skulls had FV on the right side, and the remaining 36 skulls had FV on the left. Of the 156 skulls which had FV, only 4 skulls 3 on the right, one on the left had double FV on the same side. We have not observed any specimens which had 3 or more FV on the same side. Of the 156 skulls which had FV, 11 skulls had a septum on FV, 3 skulls had a septum on FV on the right side, and 6 skulls had a septum on FV on the left side. Two skulls bilaterally had a septum on both sides. We believe that our data about FV will be enlightening not only for anatomists, but also for clinicians. Schizophrenia diagnosis The estimation of cerebral asymmetries in schizophrenia by the Cavalieri principle. Guven, Gul; Sahin, Bunyamin; Aksaray, Gokay; Ozden, Hilmi; Baylan, Gonul; Adapinar, Baki E-mail:gguven@ogu.edu.tr Eskisehir Osmangazi University - Faculty of Medicine, Meselik - Department of Anatomy Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 67-70 (24 ref.) Keywords: Brain; Tomography, X-Ray Computed Abstract: To demonstrate hemispheric asymmetry in patients with schizophrenia using a cheap, simple stereologic method on the basis of standard CT scans of the brain. To demonstrate hemispheric asymmetry, standard CT scans of 30 schizophrenic patients [14 males, 16 females] were compared with 39 [13 male, 26 female] control subjects at Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey in 2005. Brain volumes were investigated by using a cheap, simple stereologic method, namely, Cavalieri. In patients with schizophrenia, we found that as age increases, right and left hemisphere volumes decrease. However, in the control group there was no relationship found between age and hemisphere volumes. In the control group, the left hemisphere was significantly bigger in males compared to females. There was a significant difference in both right and left hemisphere volumes between the control group and the schizophrenic group. In the schizophrenic group, a significant difference was observed in right hemisphere volumes between genders [p = 0.002], while there was no difference in the control group. There was a difference in left hemisphere volumes between genders in both groups. Right and left hemispheric volumes of the schizophrenic group were smaller than those of control group. Cerebral asymmetry is an arguable subject for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. The method that we used in this study will be useful in estimating hemispheric volumes. Sciatic Nerve anatomy and histology The division level of the sciatic nerve and its relevance to popliteal nerve block. A cadaveric study. Barut, Cagatay; Comert, Ayhan; Esmer, Ali F.; Sevinc, Ozdemir; Ozden, Hihmi; Tekdemir, Ibrahim; Elhan, Alaittin E-mail:cagbarut@yahoo.com Karaelmas University - School of Medicine - Department of Anatomy Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 104-105 (5 ref.) Keywords: Nerve Block; Cadaver-Anesthesia, Conduction IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   100 Scurvy diagnosis Scurvy: presenting as musculoskeletal pain. Bari, Attia; Javaid, Bushra Karim; Rehman, Saira; Naz, Samia E-mail:attiashafiq744@hotmail.com The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health - Department of Paediatric Medicine JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 198-200 (10 ref.) Keywords: Scurvy-complications; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency-complications; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency-prevention and control; Ascorbic Acid-metabolism; Mass Screening; Social Class; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal System; Pain Abstract: The incidence of scurvy in the paediatric population is very low. This report describes a case of scurvy in toddler girl who was admitted with severe pain in legs and difficulty in walking along with bleeding from gums. After extensive investigation, she was found to have vitamin C deficiency resulting from restrictive eating pattern. There was significant improvement in presenting symptoms and general health after introduction of vitamin C and fresh fruits and vegetables to her diet. Nutrition-based diseases can still occur in any socioeconomic setting. Nutritional screening remains an important part in every child's general health care. Seizures, Febrile etiology Serum zinc level in children with febrile convulsion and its comparison with that of control group. Ehsanipour, Fahimeh; Talebi Taher, Mahshid; Harandi, Nahid Vahid; Kani, Keivan Iran University of Medical Sciences - Department of Pediatrics Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2009; 19 (1): 65-68 (10 ref.) Keywords: Seizures, Febrile-physiopathology; Seizures, Febrile-blood; Zinc-analysis; Zinc-blood; Zinc-cerebrospinal fluid; Neurotransmitter Agents-analysis; Trace Elements-analysis; Case-Control Studies; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Seizures-classification Abstract: Febrile convulsion is the most common disorder in childhood with good prognosis. There are different hypotheses about neurotransmitters and trace element [such as zinc] changes in cerebrospinal fluid and serum, which can have a role in pathogenesis of febrile convulsion. The aim of the present prospective analytical case-control study was to determine whether there was any changes in serum zinc level in children with febrile convulsion during seizure. Ninety-two children aged 6 months to 5 years were divided into three groups: group A, 34 children with febrile convulsion, group B, 40 children having fever without convulsion, and group C, and 18 children with non-febrile convulsion. Serum zinc levels for the three groups were estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry [AAS]. Data were analyzed to compare zinc level among the three groups using appropriate statistical tools employing SPSS 13. Serum zinc levels of groups A, B, and C had a mean value of 76.82 +/- 24.36mg/1, 90.12 +/- 14.63 mg/1 and 94.53 +/- 17.39 mg/l, respectively. Serum zinc level of group A was lower than those of the other two groups [P < 0.006]. It was also lower in group B than in group C [P < 0.006]. These findings revealed that serum zinc level decreases during infection; this decrease was more significant in patients with febrile convulsion. Showdomycin analysis Conformational analysis [geometry optimization] of nucleosidic antitumor antibiotic showdomycin by arguslab 4 software. Naz, Afshan; Bano, Khalida; Bano, Farhat; Ghafoor, Najaf Abbas; Akhtar, Naheed E-mail:nakhter@uok.edu.pk University of Karachi - Biophysics Research Unit - Department of Biochemistry Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 78-82 (26 ref.) IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   101 Keywords: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Nucleosides; Nucleic Acids-antagonists and inhibitors Abstract: Showdomycin is a naturally maleimide antitumor antibiotic of the C-nucleoside, it inhibits the nucleic acid synthesis in bacteria. Conformational analysis and geometry optimization of showdomycin was performed according to the Hartree-Fock [HF] calculation method by ArgusLab 4.0.1 software. The minimum potential energy is calculated by geometry convergence function by ArgusLab software. The most feasible position for the drug to interact with the receptor was found to be -0.269696 K.cal/mole. Silymarin chemical synthesis Preparation, characterization and evaluation of fast-dissolving silibinin-enriched silymarin [SES]. Khaled, Khaled A. Al Minia University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutics Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 2008; 31: 265-280 (33 ref.) Keywords: Drug Compounding; Drug Evaluation; Protective Agents; X-Ray Diffraction; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Spectrophotometry, Infrared Abstract: The hepato-protective activity of silymarin is well demonstrated. However, silymarin is not a single component, but a mixture of silydianin, silychristin and silibinin. Silibinin is the least soluble and the most active component of silymarin. Accordingly, as silibinin content of silymarin increases, its activity is expected to increase. These were the objectives of the study i. e to prepare silibinin enriched silymarin [SES] and enhance its dissolution by preparing its adsorbates and co-adsorbates with Florite. Silibinin enriched silymarin was prepared by extracting the water soluble components of silymarin using water. The silibinin content of the SES was evaluated using HPLC method of assay. The fast dissolving SES systems were characterized using differential scanning calormetry, x-ray diffractometry and infra-red spectroscopy. The obtained results indicated the compatibility of Florite with SES. The biological activity of SES systems was evaluated in rats using paracetamol as a hepatotoxic agent and compared to that of silibinin alone. The results showed that SES-co-adsorbate was more efficient in lowering the serum level of the specific liver enzymes [ALT and AST] than silibinin alone. Simplexvirus immunology Development of a western blot assay for detection of antibodies against HSV using purified HSV virions prepared by sucrose density gradient. Meshkat, Zahra; Roostaee, Mohammad Hassan; Soleimanjahi, Hoorieh E-mail:meshkatz1@mums.ac.ir Tarbiat Modares University - School of Medical Sciences - Department of Virology Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2009; 11 (4): 215-220 (20 ref.) Keywords: Antibodies, Viral-isolation and purification; Blotting, Western; Laboratory Techniques and Procedures; Virion; Sucrose; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Abstract: Herpes simplex viruses [HSVs] have widespread and ubiquitous prevalence in the human population and they have received a great deal of attention due to the range of diseases, they caused as a result of an infection. It seems that the fast and reliable diagnostic methods are needed for detecting the herpes simplex virus type 1 [HSV1] antibodies especially in patients with HSV encephalitis, immunocompromised people, and neonatal infections. The aim of this study was designing a Western blotting method for HSV1 antibody detection, using the purified virus by sucrose density gradient centrifugation procedure. The most reliable method for HSV detection is virus neutralization test but it needs cell culture preparation, high expertise, as well as the high amounts of serum samples. Considering the difficulties of this method, we tried to run a new one for HSV antibody detection by propagating the viruses and then purify them by sucrose density gradient centrifugation method. The purified viruses used as antigens in Western blotting assay. Diluted sera [1:100, and 1:200 dilutions] used in Western blotting and two-fold dilutions of the sera applied in virus neutralization test. Five of twenty seven samples were negative in Western blotting and the same results obtained in virus neutralization test. Comparing with our gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the developed assay were both 100%. Our results show that the designed method is a reliable method for replacing the virus neutralization test in diagnostic laboratories. It can also, be used for confirming the ELISA results. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   102 Smoking trends Water-pipe [narguile] smokers in Lebanon: a pilot study. Waked, M.; Salameh, P.; Aoun, Z. St George University Hospital - Department of Pulmonology EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 432-442 (26 ref.) Keywords: Demography; Smoking-complications; Risk Factors; Respiratory Tract Diseases-etiology; Questionnaires; Sex Factors Abstract: We carried out a comparative study to assess the demographic and social characteristics of water pipe [WP] smokers, the association with cigarette smoking and chronic respiratory diseases and the dependence profile on 4 groups: exclusive WP smokers, exclusive cigarette smokers, mixed smokers and absolute non-smokers. Cigarette smoking was statistically significantly higher in WP smokers than non-WP smokers; 36.5% of exclusive WP smokers smoked >/= 7 WPs/week. Chronic respiratory disease and chronic bronchitis were reported more frequently in exclusive WP smokers than absolute non-smokers. WP smoking seems to be as great a risk factor as cigarette smoking for chronic respiratory disease. Spermatic Cord Torsion congenital Intrauterine testicular torsion with undescended junction obstruction. Rahmani, Maryam; Amini, Elahe; Molaeeian, Mansour; Chegini, Hosein Tehran University of Medical Sciences - Department of Radiology Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2009; 19 (1): 82-83 (8 ref.) Keywords: Spermatic Cord Torsion-diagnosis; Cryptorchidism-cangenital; Cryptorchidism-diagnosis; Cryptorchidism-surgery; Cryptorchidism-ultrasonography; Spermatic Cord Torsion-surgery; Spermatic Cord Torsion- ultrasonography; Testicular Hydrocele-cangenital; Testicular Hydrocele-diagnosis; Testicular Hydrocele- ultrasonography; Prenatal Diagnosis-utilization; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color-utilization; Ureteral Obstruction- congenital; Ureteral Obstruction-complications; Ureteral Obstruction-diagnosis; Orchidectomy-utilization Spherocytosis, Hereditary pathology Association of spinal cord dysfunction with hereditary spherocytosis. Hilal, Jamal Monzer; Bahl, Sunil R.; Al Zafiri, Azzez E-mail:drhilall@hotmail.com Al Jahra Hospital - Department of Medicine KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (1): 69-70 (4 ref.) Keywords: Spinal Cord Diseases; Spinal Cord-pathology; Jaundice; Splenomegaly; Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abstract: Hereditary spherocytosis is a familial hemolytic disorder of red cell membrane cytoskeleton characterized by anemia, jaundice and splenomegaly. There are very few cases on record, of spinal cord dysfunction associated with this disorder, which are considered to be due to an abnormality in the cytoskeletal protein present in red cells, neuronal and dendritic cell membranes. We describe a rare case of hereditary spherocytosis which presented with spinal cord dysfunction. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   103 Splanchnic Circulation drug effects The effect of intraoperative use of esmolol and nicardipine on splanchnic perfusion in functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Ali, Soliman M.M.; Hady, Kamel I.; Mostafa, Mostafa G. Al Azhar Assiut University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Anesthesia Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 9-18 (18 ref.) Keywords: Propanolamines-administration and dosage; Nicardipine-administration and dosage; Intraoperative Care; Heart Rate; Blood Pressure; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Endoscopy; Blood Gas Analysis; Hemodynamics; Prospective Studies; Double-Blind Method Abstract: There are many techniques for reduction of mean arterial blood pressure [MAP] and heart rate [HR] during anesthesia. We designed this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study to test the effect of this technique for maintaining hemodynamic stability during general anesthesia and their influences on splanchnic perfusion. Sixty healthy consenting patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery [FESS] were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: Group I [control n = 20] received normal saline 5 mL and 1 mL, followed by a saline infusion at a rate of 0.005 mL kg[-1] min[1]; Group 2 [n = 20] received esmolol 50 mg and saline 1.mL, followed by an esmolol infusion 5 micro g kg[-1] min[-1]; and Group 3 [n = 20] received esmolol 50 mg and nicardipine 1 mg, followed by an esmolol infusion 5 micro g kg[-1] min[-1]. The study drugs were administered after the induction of anesthesia with fentanyl 1.5 micro g/kg, and propofol 2 mg/kg IV. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 0.12 mg/kg IV. Anesthesia was initially maintained with sevoflurane 2% end-tidal and N[2]O 50% In oxygen in all 3 groups. After induction of anesthesia a gastric tonometer [TRIP] NGS Catheter and a radial catheter were inserted. Baseline values of gastric intramucosal pH [pHi] were determined before induction of hypotension. The [pHi] values were calculated every 30 min until hypotension was discontinued .The CO2 -gap [i.e., the difference between arterial and gastric Pco2] was registered. Arterial blood lactate levels also were measured. During surgery, the mean arterial blood pressure [MAP] was maintained within +/- 15% of the baseline value by varying the study drug infusion rate and the inspired concentration of sevoflurane. In addition to MAP and heart-rate values, were recorded throughout the perioperative period. Recovery times and postoperative side effects were assessed. None of the [pHi] values calculated was less than 7.35 in the three studied groups. Arterial blood lactate levels did not increase in any of the patients. Compared with the control group, adjunctive use of esmolol and nicardipine attenuated the increase in heart rate [in Group 2] and MAP [in Group 3]. after tracheal intubation. Furthermore, the use of an esmolol infusion as an adjunct to sevoflurane to control the acute autonomic responses during the maintenance period significantly decreased emergence times [4 +/- 2 versus 7 +/- 4 min], decreased the need for postoperative opioid analgesics [35% versus 60%], and reduced the time before discharge [209 +/- 89 versus 269 +/- 100 min]. We conclude that the adjunctive use of esmolol alone or in combination with nicardipine during the induction of anesthesia reduced the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation. It did not compromise splanchnic tissue oxygen balance in healthy patients nor increased blood lactate. Furthermore, use of an esmolol infusion as an adjuvant to sevoflurane- N[2] O anesthesia for controlling the acute hemodynamic responses during the maintenance period improved the recovery profile after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Stomach Ulcer drug therapy Role of copper complexes in the protection against stress-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Abdel Rahim, Mahmoud H.; Omran, Faten M.; Ahmed, Nagwa S.; Mohammed, Walaa I. Assiut University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pharmacology Assiut Medical Journal 2008; 32 (3): 43-58 (44 ref.) Keywords: Stress, Psychological; Protective Agents; Copper-therapeutic use; Stomach-pathology; Histology; Superoxide Dismutase-blood; Nitric Oxide; Rats, Wistar Abstract: Copper complexes achieve an anti-ulcer activity, several investigations were submitted to clarify the possible mode of action of these copper complexes as potent anti-ulcer drugs. These agents have a wide range of pharmacological activities that could be explained on the basis of the activation of copper dependant enzymes and their physiochemical properties. Copper complexes are reported to have potent anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer effects. All of these copper complexes were found to be more active than either inorganic copper salts or their parent completing agents, Copper complexes were effective in reducing ulcer number as well as ulcer severity, they have an antisecretory activity. To further clarify this point, the present study was conducted to evaluate anti-ulcer activity of two types of copper complexes which are: Cu [l]-[nicotinic acid][2]Cl complex and Cu[II] [glycinate][2] complexe and their combination in water immersion-restraint stressed [WIRS] ulcer rat model. The present study was conducted on 25 IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   104 mule Wister albino rats, that were randomly divided info three groups:Group I: Control non-stressed group: in which animals were received only an intragastric dose of 0, 5ml of vehicle [0.25% Tween -80 in saline solution]. Group II: Non-pretreated WIRS group; in which rats were subjected to restraining by WIRS and received an intragastric dose of 0.5ml of vehicle. Group III: Treated WIRS groups: in which rats were subjected to restraining and subdivided according to the received drug into: Subgroup A: received an intragastric dose of 8 mg/kg body mass Cu[I]-[nicotinic acid][2]Cl complex, in 0.5ml of vehicle immediately prior to stress. Subgroup B: received an intragastric dose of 5 mg/kg body mass Cu[II] [glycinate]2 complex, in 0.5ml of vehicle immediately prior to stress. Subgroup C: received an intragastric dose of 5 mg/kg body mass Cu[II] [glycinate][2] complex + 8 mg/kg body mass Cu[T] -[nicotinic acid][2]CI complex, in 0.5 ml of vehicle immediately prior to stress.Group II and III were subjected to restraining by fixing I he four limbs to a metal board, and placed in a water bath maintained to the level of the xiphoid process at a temperature of 23 +/- 1 °C for 3 to 5 hours.Blood samples were taken from all groups as plasma for determination of total superoxide dismutase [SOD] activity or serum for determination of total nitrite level. After withdrawal of the blood samples, their stomachs were removed and opened along the greater curvature. All the stomachs were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded, for assessment of histopathological changes affecting these structures using light microscopical examination. Administration of intragastric copper complexes increased plasma level of SOD from 0.54 +/- 0.02 unit/ml and 0.32 +/- 0.63 unit/ml for control non-stressed group and non-pretreated WIRS group to 0.84+0.10 unit/ml 1.39 +/- 0.15 unit/ml and 2.27 +/- 0.13 unit/ml for Cu[I]-[nicotinic acid][2]Cl complex, Cu[II][glycinate][2] complex and combination of two types of copper complexes, respectively. In the other hand, WIRS was associated with a significant increase in total serum nitrite level with a mean of 70.11 +/- 6.12 micro mol/1 in a comparison with non stressed group [32.09 +/- 2.05 micro mol/l]. Pretreatment of WIRS animals with both types of copper complexes; Cu[I]-[nicotinic acid][2]Cl complex and Cu[Il] [glycinate][2] complex and their combinations intragastrically did not produce a significant reduction of nitrite level, compared to WIRS group, with means 59 +/- 1.90 micro mol/L, 64.93 +/- 2.66pmol/L and 63.20+1.78 micro mol/L for both [Cu[l]-[nicotinic acid][2]Cl complex and Cu[II] [glycinate][2] complex and their combined mixture respectively. The histopathological findings of the light microscopical examination demonstrated that there was no microscopic abnormality in the gastric mucosae in the non-stressed control group [group I]. Moderate to severe gastric erosion was seen in the examined cases, with denudation of parts of the gastric mucosae of different thickness. A complete gastric ulceration with complete necrosis of parts of the gastric mucosaeseen in the most severe forms of non-pretreated WIRS group [group II]. Either no histopathologic abnormality or mild erosion was seen in WIRS groups treated with Cu[I]-[nicotinic acid][2]Cl, Cu[II][glycinate]2 complexes and their combined mixture [group III], From these results It can be concluded that both intragastrically injected copper complexes and their combined mixture exerted protective effect on the gastric mucosa of WIRS induced ulcer in rats. This is confirmed by the incosistantly measured biochemical parameters [plasma SOD and serum nitrite levels] and the histopathological examination of the gastric mucosa. Stroke Should the Nottingham Health Profile or the Short Form-36 be given preference in stroke?. Unalan, Demet; Soyuer, Ferhan; Ozturk, Ahmet E-mail:dunalan@erciyes.edu.tr Erciyes University - Halil Bayraktar Health Services Vocational College Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 45-52 (45 ref.) Keywords: Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Questionnaires Abstract: To compare the usefulness of the Nottingham Health Profile [NHP] and the Short Form 36 [SF-36] as general outcome measures for chronic stroke patients with respect to the response rate, internal consistency reliability, validity analyses, and agreement in similar domains of the 2 instruments. In this prospective study, 90 consecutive stroke patients attending the Neurology outpatient clinic at Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey from March 2004 to March 2005 were evaluated for the study. Seventy outpatients who had a stroke 6 months previously were included in the study. As a datacollecting device, SF-36 and NHP scales were used. The prevalence of patients with highest quality of life score [ceiling effect] was higher for the NHP scale [10-35.7%] than for the SF-36 scale [1.4-37.1%]. The prevalence of patients with lowest quality of life score [floor effect] was also higher for the NHP scale [1.4-45.7%] than for the domains of SF-36 [1.4-30%]. The internal consistencies of the subscales of both the SF-36 and the NHP showed satisfactory values. Regarding convergent validity, correlations were found between comparable subscales of the 2 instruments. Limits of agreement in similar domains of the 2 instruments were very large. In all 5 demonstrated Bland-Altman plots, there was agreement of the scales in the measurement of the similar fields of quality of life. Both the SF-36 and the NHP have acceptable degrees of reliability, convergent validity, and response rate. Limits of agreement in similar domains of the 2 instruments were very large. complications Epidemiological evaluation of post stroke depression in Babol, Northern Iran. Ahangar, Alijan A.; Hosseini, Seidreza E-mail:ahmadiahangaralijan@yahoo.com Babol Medical Sciences University - Yahyanejad Hospital Yahyanejad Hospital - Neurology Department Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 102-103 (5 ref.) Keywords: Depression-etioliogy; Depression-epidemiology-Epidemiology; Stroke-psychology IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   105 epidemiology Ischemic stroke: prevalence of modifiable risk factors in male and female patients in Pakistan. Khan, N.I.; Naz, L.; Mushtaq, S.; Rukh, L.; Ali, S.; Hussain, Z. E-mail:zahussai@yahoo.ca University of Karachi - Department of Physiology Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 62-67 (45 ref.) Keywords: Brain Ischemia-epidemiology; Risk Factors; Dyslipidemias; Hypertension; Obesity; Diabetes Mellitus; Smoking; Prevalence Abstract: Stroke is the commonest neurological cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world being the third leading cause of death. Estimation of stroke risks in population is not only helpful for healthcare providers but also important to identify persons at elevated risk and to select proper treatments in clinical trials. The aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence of common modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke in Pakistan. Patients of either sex above the age of 25 yrs who were admitted to Neurology Ward or came to OPD in Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre were included in the study. Type of stroke was identified by brain CT scans or MRI and risk factors for stroke and other details were noted on a proforma. Out of 55 patients studied for present study, 78% were males and 22% were females. Most of them belonged to low socioeconomic status and almost 50% were having family history of stroke. Most of the patients had multiple risk factors which included: hypertension [65%], smoking [32%], diabetes mellitus [36.3%], dyslipidemia [32.7%], coronary artery disease [9%], obesity [18%], epilepsy [16.3%] and left ventricular hypertrophy [3.6%]. On the basis of these findings, it can be concluded that hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus are major risk factors for stroke and might be considered as main targets for primary and secondary prevention of stroke. Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology Prevalence of substance use among Iranian high school students in 2005-2006. Najafi, Kiomars; Zarrabi, Homa; Shirazi, Maryam; Fekri, Fariba; Mohseni, Reza E-mail:k_najafi@gums.ac.ir Guilan University of Medical Sciences - Shafa Hospital - Department of Psychiatry KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (1): 20-25 (34 ref.) Keywords: Students; Schools; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Tobacco; Ethanol; Opium; Cannabis; Heroin; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine Abstract: To determine the prevalence of substance use among high-school students in Guilan province, Iran. Cross-sectional study conducted from September 2004 to June 2005. Guilan province high-schools, Iran. A representative sample of 1927 students. A self-report questionnaire that included socio-demographic data, type of substance used, history of lifetime and past month substance use, firstmotivation, first place and first provider of substance was applied. Frequency of substance use in high-school students and some associated factors. About 24% of subjects had substance use during their lifetime. 24% of the sample used tobacco and 10.5%, alcohol. Substance use was significantly higher in males [p < 0.001]. The highest frequency of substance use was among 3rd and 4th grade students [28.8% and 23.7% respectively]. Substance use was related with higher educational grades in boys [p < 0.001] and significantly associated with smoker parents[p < 0.001]. First experience with substances most commonly happened at home [26.6%], friends' parties [26.3%] and park / street [20.4%]. 55.68% had obtained drugs, firsttime, fromfriends. Curiosity was the most common reason for drug use in 42.61% of the sample. Although substance use was higher in public schools and students with illiterate parents, it was not related with the type of school and parents' educational levels. A large number of high-school students had the experience of substance use, mostly tobacco and alcohol. Effective solutions and preventive programs should be applied to reduce substance use in Iranian youth population. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   106 Sweet Syndrome diagnosis Sweet's syndrome. Al Shammari, Mohammad; Redha, Faridah E-mail:chestmed22@hotmail.com Farwaniya Hospital - Pulmonary and Intensive Care Division - Department of Medicine KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 2009; 41 (1): 52-53 (8 ref.) Keywords: Sweet Syndrome-drug therapy; Steroids-therapeutic use; Pneumonia; Skin-pathology Abstract: Sweet's syndrome [acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis] is characterized by classical skin lesions accompanied by fever and malaise. Systemic involvement may be present and lung involvement in Sweet's syndrome has been reported in the form of bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and pleural effusion. There are dense papillary neutrophilic infiltrates on histopathology. We present a case of Sweet's syndrome with right lower lobe consolidation and persistent fever which was non-responsive to antibiotics but showed clinical improvement with clearing of radiological opacities on oral steroid therapy. Syringomyelia diagnosis A patient with cape like sensory loss of arms and shoulders. El Azm, Mowaffak; Fatehi, Farzad Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital - Department of Neurosurgery Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 106 (1 ref.) Keywords: Syringomyelia-therapy; Syringomyelia-surgery-Arm; Shoulder-innervation Takayasu Arteritis complications [Medical interruption of pregnancy for severe Takayasu's disease, about two cases] Ben Temime, R.; Sidhom, J.; Attia, L.; Saidi, Yosri Md.; Makhlouf, T.; Chechia, A.; Koubaa, A. Charles Nicolle Hospital - Department of Obstetrics Gynecology - Tunisia Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 236-238 (9 ref.) Keywords: Takayasu's Arteritis-diagnosis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Abortion, Therapeutic; Hypertension Abstract: Takayasu's arteritis is a rare clinical entity characterized by a progressive obliteration of the aortic arch and the main vessels arising from it. The association with a pregnancy may lead to some maternal and fetal complications. Nevertheless, a normal outcome of pregnancy is not rare if a careful follow-up is provided. We report the observations of two patients who underwent a medical interruption of pregnancy in the department of obstetrics and gynecology "A" of Charles Nicolle hospital in Tunis because of a severe multi-visceral localization of Takayasu's arteritis. The aim of our study is to stress on the maternal and foetal prognostic factors of this association. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   107 Tetralogy of Fallot surgery Right ventricular diastolic dysfunction in post operative fallot tetralogy. Hussein, Gehan Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Pediatrics Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 205-211 (31 ref.) Keywords: Postoperative Complications; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right; Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency; Electrocardiography; Echocardiography; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies Abstract: Tetralogy of Fallot [TOF] is the most common cyanotlc congenital heart disease. Complete repair of TOF is associated with pulmonary regurge [PR] and right ventricular [RV] functional abnormalities. We aimed to study the incidence of RV diastolic dysfunctions in relation to age of surgical repair and correlate it with severity of pulmonary regurge. Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on cases of TOF after surgical repair. Cases were classified into 2 groups, group 1 operated after the age of 2 years [33 cases], group 2 operated in infancy [14 cases]. Clinical assessment for stage of heart failure, 12 leads ECG, and Transthoracic color Doppler echocardiography for assessment of right ventricular diastolic function were done. E value was significantly lower in group 1 [p = 0.0001], E deceleration time was significantly prolonged in the 1[st] group [p = 0.002] with negative significant correlation between age of surgery and E/A ratio in the same group [p = 0.04, r = -0.5]. No significant correlation between severity of PR and RV defective relaxation [p = 0.6] with positive predictive value 52% We conclude that early surgical repair for TOF is associated with less affection of right ventricular diastolic function. PR severity did not correlate with nor predict RV defective relaxation. Therapeutics psychology Medical sciences in the third millennium: an avicennian approach. Tabei, Z.; Riazi, A. E-mail:mehrabad@sums.ac.ir Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - Department of Pathology IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 4-9 (16 ref.) Keywords: Therapeutics-methods; Therapeutics-ethics; Patients-psychology; Medicine-methods; Integrative Medicine; Complementary Therapies; History of Medicine Abstract: This paper sets off with an argument that as an outcome of modernism, medical sciences excluded human soul and spirit and followed a more, if not mere, mechanico-chemical approach in treating patients. It then discusses alternative approaches to medicine and that models of medicine and health care are looking into not only the fundamental spiritual dimension of care, but also the significance of spiritual development of the individual towards healing. The paper presents Avicenna as a forerunner in medical sciences with a [w] holistic view while his contribution to cure and healing will be highlighted. The paper will end with some concluding remarks. Thermodynamics Modeling of the ranque effect on the basis of the expanded version of thermodynamics. Nekofar, Koros; Ommi, Fathollah Iranian Space Agency Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2009; 5 (1): 27-31 (5 ref.) Keywords: Gases Abstract: The Ranque vortex tube [effect Ranque] is a device by which cold gas can be generated using compressed gas. In this article, the process of gasses' thermal division in turbulent tubes is described on the basis of thermodynamic theory according to Newtonian time. Based on new approach, explaining the essence of the effect of the temperature separation of gas and procedure of the thermodynamic calculation. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   108 Thiamine therapeutic use Effect of thiamine on lipid profile in diabetic rats. Naveed, Abdul Khaliq; Qamar, Tehmina; Ahmad, Ijaz; Raheem, Amina; Malik, Maujid Masood E-mail:khaliqnaveed2001@yahoo.com Army Medical College - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 165-168 (23 ref.) Keywords: Dyslipidemias-drug therapy; Diabetes Mellitus; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Hyperglycemia; Rats, Sprague-Dawley Abstract: To determine the effect of high dose thiamine on dyslipidemia in diabetic rats. Experimental interventional study. The Animal House/Laboratory of the National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases [NRLPD]/Biochemistry Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from December 2006 to January 2007. The study was conducted on 120, 12 weeks old male albino rats of Sprague Dawley Strains randomly divided into 4 groups of 30 rats each. Group I comprised of 30 normal rats, on normal [regular] diet. Group II comprised of 30 diabetic rats, on normal [regular] diet. Group III comprised of 30 normal rats, on thiamine supplemented diet. Group IV comprised of 30 diabetic rats, on thiamine supplemented diet. Out of the 120 rats, 60 were made diabetic by injecting Alloxan. Blood glucose levels were measured by applying glucose oxidase method. Determination of total HbA1c, triglyceride, HDL [High Density Lipoproteins] and total cholesterol was performed by diagnostic kits. The significance of difference in mean values of study groups [glycemia and lipid profile] was assessed by applying ANOVA and independent Student's t-test. Significant difference was found in the levels of triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL in the diabetic rats on supplemented diet p <0.05, but no significant difference was noticed in the value of glycosylated Hb [HbA1c] [p>0.05] of all the 4 groups. Thiamine corrected dyslipidemia but not hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. Thiazolidinediones pharmacology Antidepressant-like activities of rosiglitazone in the rat forced swim and the mouse tail suspension tests. Ahmed, Amany A.E.; Al Rasheed, Nawal M.; Al Rasheed, Nouf M. E-mail:aresearch2007@yahoo.com King Saud University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmacology SPJ - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2009; 17 (1): 51-61 (62 ref.) Keywords: Antidepressive Agents; Rats; Mice; Swimming Abstract: The current study aimed to investigate the possible antidepressant-like activity of rosiglitazone using the rat forced swimming test [FST] and the mouse tail suspension test [TST], two models predictive of antidepressant activities. In FST, 5 days administration of rosiglitazone [6 or 12 mg/kg, p.o.] significantly decreased the time of immobility without affecting the swimming time, Moreover, rosiglitazone significantly increased climbing, head shaking, and rubbing water away behaviors. These effects were not accompanied by any alteration in the locomotor activity of rats when tested in the open field test [OFT]. Additionally, treatment of rats with rosiglitazone significantly reduced plasma corticosterone levels. Administration of fluoxetine [10 mg/kg, p.o.] to the rats for 5 consecutive days, as a positive control, significantly reduced floating and increased swimming time without affecting climbing duration. Moreover, fluoxetine significantly increased head shaking behavior and reduced fecal boli count. However, fluoxetine produced no effect on plasma corticosterone levels. In TST, 5 days administration of rosiglitazone [8.5 or 17 mg/kg. p.o.] significantly reduced the immobility time, this effect was comparable to that observed with fluoxetine. Furthermore, rosiglitazone [17 mg/kg, p.o.] significantly antagonized dexamethazon-induced prolongation of immobility time in mice TST. In conclusion, the present Investigation suggests that rosiglitazone possesses a specific antidepressant-like activity in rodents' behavioral models and that this effect may be mediated through reduction of plasma corticosterone level. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   109 Thymoma diagnosis Incidental invasive thymoma during coronary artery bypass surgery. Al Smady, Moaath M.; Hammdan, Farouq F.; Abu Abeeleh, Mahmood M.; Massad, Islam M. E-mail:moaath5@yahoo.com University of Jordan - Division of Cardiothomcic and Vascular Surgery - Department of General Surgery Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 140-142 (14 ref.) Keywords: Thymus Neoplasms; Coronary Artery Bypass; Thymoma-pathology Abstract: We encountered 2 incidental cases of invasive thymomas at Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan; during routine coronary artery bypass graft surgery between 2005 and 2008 with an incidence of 0.6%. Both patients presented with angina pain. None of the 2 patients had pressure symptoms cough, shortness of breath or superior vena cava syndrome or Myasthenia Gravis symptoms. Total thymectomy with dissection of perithymic fat was performed on both cases. No radiotherapy was given. No recurrence of the tumor was seen in 2 years follow up. These cases are presented to emphasize the occurrence of this tumor. Thymus Plant Antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extract of thymus vulgaris. Taherian, Abbas Ali; Babaei, Mahdi; Vafaei, Abbas Ali; Jarrahi, Morteza; Jadidi, Majid; Sadeghi, Hassan E-mail:taherian99@yahoo.com Semnan University of Medical Sciences - Physiology Research Center Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 83-89 (51 ref.) Keywords: Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts-therapeutic use; Analgesics; Mice Abstract: Previous investigation has shown that Thymus Vulgaris [TV] modulates pain. The aim of this work was to examine the role of TV on acute and chronic pain and compares its effect with dexamethasone [DEX] and stress [ST] by using Hot plate, Tail flick and Formalin tests in mice. In this study male albino mice [25-30 g.] in 21 groups [n = 147] were used. TV [100, 500 and 1000mg/kg], DEX [0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg] and vehicle [VEH] were injected 30 minutes before pain assessment tests. Stress was applied by 1 min swimming in cold water [18 - 22°]. Acute and chronic pain was assessed by Hot plate, Tail flick and Formalin tests. For assessment of the role of opioid receptors in antinoceception of TV extract, Naloxon [NAL, 2mg/kg, ip] as opioid receptor antagonist was injected before the injection of the more effective dose [500mg/kg] of TV extract. Results indicated that TV, DEX and ST have analgesic effects in all tests [P < 0.01 in comparison with control group]. Above findings showed that TV extract, DEX and ST have modulatory effects on acute and chronic pain. Further research is required to determine the mechanisms by which TV extract has an inhibitory effect on pain sensation. Thyroid Gland abnormalities Intraoperative imprint cytological diagnosis of heterotopic thyroid presenting as sellar mass. Vasei, M.; Azarpira, N.; Farokhi, S.; Salehi, M. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine - Department of Pathology IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 100-102 (10 ref.) Keywords: Thyroid Gland-embryology; Choristoma-diagnosis; Thyroid Dysgeresis-diagnosis; Sella Turcica- abnormalities; Sella Turcica-surgery; Cytological Techniques-utilization; Vision, Low-etiology; Pituitary Gland- abnormalities; Thyroglobulin-diagnostic use Abstract: A 43-year-old woman presented with headache, nausea, severe visual impairment and galactorrhea and decreased visual acuity. A 4 x 3.5 x 3 cm mass completely filling the sphenoid sinus, elevating the pituitary gland and stalk was observed. The patient underwent transsphenoidal removal of the lesion to alleviate visual loss. The tumor cells showed strong positivity for thyroglobulin and TTF-1. This patient was followed up for 2 years after the operation; the laboratory study and computed tomography showed no lesions. In conclusion, this is a rare benign finding in which complete surgical resection achieves a cure. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   110 Tongue abnormalities [Aglossia adactylia syndrome with anterior maxillo mandibular fusion: a case report] Chaouachi, S.; Ben Hamida, E.; Dahmane, M.; Ayadi, I.; Marrakchi, Z. Charles Nicolle Hospital - Neonatology Department - Tunisia Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 256-257 (9 ref.) Keywords: Limb Deformities, Congenital-abnormalities; Fingers-abnormalities; Syndrome; Maxilla-abnormalities; Mandible-abnormalities Abstract: The hypoglossia-hypodactylia syndrome [Hanhart syndrome] is a congenital birth defect. The major features of this syndrome are a reduction in tongue size, micrognathia, limb anomalies and many occasional other anomalies. The neurosensorial development is preserved: We report a particular case with anterior maxillo-mandibular fusion. The patient, a male neonate, was the third child of a 42 year old woman. There was parental consanguinity but no similar cases in the family. The physical examination at birth revealed an eutrophic newborn with facial dysmorphia, impossibility of opening the mouth, aplasia of the fingers on the level of the metacarpo-phalangeal articulations and apodia. Computed tomography scan noted anterior maxillo mandibular fusion, glossopalatine ankylosis and cleft palate. The chromosomic chart, cardiac echography and transfontanellar ultrasound scan were normal. The Hanhart syndrome is a rare malformatif syndrome, grave because of the limbs reductionnal anomalies and feeding difficulties. The etiopathogeny is unknown; drug-taking during the pregnancy, genetic and vascular theories has been implicated. Translocation, Genetic Disease associated balanced chromosome rearrangements-report on 12 cases. Kholeif, Soha F.; Nazmy, Nahla A.; Mahrous, Hanan S. University of Alexandria - Medical Research Institute - Department of Human Genetics Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 153-159 (24 ref.) Keywords: Mental Retardation-genetics; Phenotype; Karyotyping Abstract: The population frequency of familial disease balanced chromosome rearrangement with discordance for an abnormal phenotype is unknown. De novo balanced chromosome rearrangements are present in approximately 1:2000 newborn. The increased frequency of associated diseases may be due to truncation, inactivation or overexpression of specific genes. Uniparental disomy [UPD] has also been implicated. We report on 12 cases with apparently balanced chromosome rearrangements with abnormal phenotypes, 8 familial [5 families] and 4 de novo. Maternal inheritance accounted for 7/8 cases. The rearrangements included reciprocal translations in 8 cases, Robertsonian translocation in 2 cases and pericentric inversion in 2 cases. Apparently balanced rearrangements in general, represent an interpretational and counseling dilemma when detected in cases with abnormal phenotypes and/or mental retardation. Tretinoin adverse effects The effects of all-trans retinoic acid on blood cells in rat's embryo. Yousefi, Behpour E-mail:behpour.y9@gmail.com Semnan University of Medical Sciences - Department of Anatomical Sciences Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 23-26 (23 ref.) Keywords: Tretinoin-pharmacology; Blood Cells-drug effects; Rats, Wistar; Embryonic Structures Abstract: All-trans retinoic acid [ATRA] has beneficial and teratogenicity effects when used in a variety conditions. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of ATRA on the Progenitors of red blood cell and platelets in rat's embryo. Single oral dose [100 mg/kg] of ATRA was administered to rat on gestation day [GD] 10 and fetuses were observed on GD 18 and compared with untreated group. In the experimental embryos of GD 18, the mean number of red blood cells [RBC, 10.5%] and platelets number [15%] were decreased. There was a significant relationship in RBC and platelets count. The mean diameter of RBC and nucleated red blood [NRBC] were compared in two groups. There was no significant relationship between experimental and control groups, except in NRBC diameter. Thus, the present data shows that ATRA may have negative effects on proliferation, differentiation and maturation of erythroid cells and platelets, without having any deleterious effects on the dimenation of RBC. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   111 Triazolam chemical synthesis Synthesis of some novel 1, 3, 5-trisubstituted [1,2,4] triazole derivatives as potential antibacterial agents. Hayallah, Alaa M.; Heta, Helal F. Assiut University - Faculty of Pharmacy - Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 2008; 31: 375-390 (28 ref.) Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Schiff Bases Abstract: In the present work, some new l,3,5-trisiubstituted [l,2,4]-triazole derivatives and their Schiff's bases were synthesized. The chemical structure of the target compounds was confirmed by IR, [1]H-NMR, [13]C-NMR, FAB-MS, EI-HRMS spectra and elemental analyses. The title compounds were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative ones using ampicillin and nalidixic acid as reference drugs. Some of them showed antibacterial activity more significant than the reference drugs. Tuberculosis diagnosis Association between PPD and quanti FERON gold TB test in TB infection and disease among HIV-individuals in southern Iran. Davarpanah, M.A.; Rasti, M.; Mehrabani, D.; Allahyari, S.S.; Neirami, R.; Saberi Firoozi, M. Gastroenterohepatology Research Center IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 71-75 (14 ref.) Keywords: Tuberculin Test-utilization; HIV; Mycobacterium tuberculosis-immunology; Interferon-gamma-diagnostic use; Tuberculosis-epidemiology; CD4 Lymphocyte Count Abstract: Tuberculosis is one of the most common diseases among HIV-infected patients. A person with a positive tuberculin skin test [TST] acquiring HIV infection has a 3-13% annual risk of developing active tuberculosis. The diagnosis of TB in HIV infected patients may be difficult. Quanti FERON-TB Gold [QFT-G] test is a novel method as an aid for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We evaluated the association between TST and QFT-G test in latent TB infection [LTBI] and TB in HIV-infected patients. One hundred and seventy six HIV-infected subjects from Shiraz Consultation and Behavioral Modification Center [SCBMC] entered our study. The individuals were screened for TST, using 5TU purified protein derivative [PPD]. Also, blood sample was provided for QFT, measuring INF-gamma response to M. tuberculosis antigen. Of 176 participants, 98.3% returned for evaluation of TST results. Among them, 63% and 37% were negative and positive for TST, respectively. All the participants returned for QFT-G sampling. Of them, 64.8% and 27.8% were respectively negative and positive for the test and 7.4% showed undetermined results. The agreement between PPD and QFT-G in their negative results was 39.9% and 8.1% in their positive results and the overall agreement was 50%. Disagreement of TST-/QFT[+] was noticed in 19.7% of the subjects and TST[+]/QFT- disagreement in 24.9%. CD4[+] count <100 mm[3] was seen in 5.9%, >/= 100 and < 200 mm[3] in 17.1% and CD4[+] T cell count >/= 200 mm[3] in 76.9% of subjects. As the agreement rate between QFT-G and TST in HIV-infected patients was fair, a strategy of simultaneous TST and QFT-G testing would maximize the potential for LTBI diagnosis in HIV-infected subjects. [Pseudotumoral form of abdominal tuberculosis in child, about 4 cases] Khatala, K.; El Madi, A.; Rami, M.; Afifi, M.; Bouabdealla, Y.; Sbai, H.; Harrandou, M.; Kanjaa, N. MT Maamouri Hospital - Orthopedics Department - Tunisia Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 253-255 (12 ref.) Keywords: Abdomen-pathology; Tuberculosis-pathology; Child Abstract: The primary infection is the major form of infantile tuberculosis. The pseudo-tumoral form of tuberculosis is very rare in the child. It often poses a problem of positive diagnosis. Four cases were diagnosed over a four years period, in the paediatric service of surgery of the CHU Hassan II of Fez. All children were admitted initially for abdominal tumours and whose diagnosis was made in per operational. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   112 Tuberculosis case-finding and treatment in the central prison of Qazvin province, Islamic Republic of Iran. Assefzadeh, M.; Barghi, R.Gh.; Shahidi, Sh.S. E-mail:mina_assefzadeh@yahoo.com Qazvin University of Medical Sciences - Department of Infectious Diseases EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 258-263 (9 ref.) Keywords: Tuberculosis-drug therapy; Prisons; Prevalence; Early Diagnosis; Radiography, Thoracic Abstract: As a part of a comprehensive programme of tuberculosis [TB] control in the central prison in Qazvin, Islamic Republic of Iran, a programme of active case-finding was carried out from February 2004 to July 2005. From the 768 prisoners examined, 41 [5.3%] were suspected of TB and gave sputum samples. A total of 7 smear-positive TB cases were found, giving a TB prevalence in the prison of 910 per 100 000, 113 times the total TB prevalence in Qazvin province in the same year. From 7 diagnosed and treated patients, 4 were cured with the category 1 standard regimen, 1 completed treatment and 2 failed to complete treatment. Improvements are needed in TB case recognition of prisoners, especially newcomers. Tuberculosis, Meningeal drug therapy Use of urokinase in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis hydrocephalus. Abuhamed, Mutasem M.; Zhi, Song; Bo, Xiao Central South University - The Third and the First Affiliated Xiangya Hospital - Department of Neurology Neurosciences 2009; 14 (1): 75-77 (11 ref.) Keywords: Hydrocephalus-drug therapy; Hydrocephalus-etiology; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator- therapeutic use; Tuberculosis, Meningeal-complications; Tuberculosis, Meningeal-diagnosis; Antitubercular Agents; Treatment Outcome Abstract: We present a patient with hydrocephalus after tuberculous meningitis successfully treated with urokinase. She presented with multiple episodes of headache, fever, and vomiting. She underwent external ventricular drainage and was treated with urokinase in addition to dexamethasone, acetazolamide, and 4 antituberculous drugs. She was evaluated clinically, radiologically, and by laboratory work-up. On short-term clinical follow-up [3 months], she was asymptomatic after the treatment with urokinase. She was radiologically evaluated 3 weeks after the treatment. An MRI of the brain showed a decrease in ventricular size. Urokinase can be considered as a safe and promising adjunctive treatment for tuberculous meningitis hydrocephalus. Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant etiology Risk factors for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in patients at tertiary care Hospital, Peshawar. Wahab, Fazli; Ashraf, Saadia; Khan, Naveed; Anwar, Rukhsana; Afridi, Mukhtiar Zaman E-mail:drwahab24@hotmail.com Khyber Teaching Hospital - Department of Pulmonology JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 162-164 (21 ref.) Keywords: Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant-epidemiology; Risk Factors; Questionnaires; Cross-Sectional Studies Abstract: To determine the frequency of common risk factors for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in patients presented at a tertiary care hospital, Peshawar. Cross-sectional, observational study. Pulmonology Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from December 2006 to October 2007. Patients with positive AFB culture and sensitivity results and found resistant to both rifampicin and isoniazid with or with resistance to other first line anti- tuberculosis drugs, were recruited from both Pulmonology Ward and Outpatient Department [OPD]. Informed verbal consent was taken and a questionnaire administered to all participants of the study. Information regarding demographics, education status, occupation, monthly household income, AFB C/S, details of past history of tuberculosis and family history of TB or Multi-Drug Resistant [MDR-TB] was recorded. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 11. A total of 30 patients of MDR-TB were interviewed. Male [n=17] and female [n=13] ratio was 1.3:1. Mean age was 34.2 +/- 15.3 years. Ninety-two percent female and 52.9% male were uneducated. In 56.7%, monthly income was less than 5000 rupees and in 40% between 5000-10,000 rupees. All patients had previous history of Antituberculous Treatment [ATT], in which 20% had undertaken ATT course once, 53.3% twice and 26.7% thrice in the past. In the study group, 13 [43.3%] patients had not completed their first ATT course and 11 of them were receiving ATT from a general practitioner [GP] at that time. Seven [23.3%] patients had family history of TB but no one had IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   113 documented MDR-TB in the family. Resistance to RH was present in all patients; moreover, 56.7% had resistance to RHEZ+S. The most common factors in the study group were previous history of tuberculosis, repeated courses of ATT, prescribed by different clinicians and unsupervised treatment by a GP during the initial course of ATT. Typhoid Fever drug therapy In vitro activity of gentamicin and amikacin against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi: a search for a treatment regimen for typhoid fever. Mandal, S.; Mandal, M.D.; Pal, N.K. Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine - Department of Bacteriology and Serology EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2009; 15 (2): 264-268 (14 ref.) Keywords: Gentamicins-therapeutic use; Gentamicins-pharmacology; Aminoglycosides-therapeutic use; Amikacin- pharmacology; Amikacin-therapeutic use; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Salmonella enterica-drug effects Abstract: The emergence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin and 3rd-generation cephalosporins is a concern for physicians in developing countries. This study assessed the in vitro activity of gentamicin and amikacin against 464 S. enterica serovar Typhi isolates obtained from blood of patients clinically suspected of enteric fever who attended the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine from 1991 to 2003. The isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and amikacin, showing minimum inhibitory concentrations 0.01-4 microg/mL and 0.005- 3.5 microg/mL respectively. Both agents showed bactericidal activity at concentrations of 2 microg/mL after incubation for 6 hours. Aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin and amikacin may thus be introduced as a treatment regimen for typhoid fever. Ureteral Obstruction diagnosis Split renal function in young children with unilateral pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction using [99m]Tc-DTPA or [99m]Tc-MAG[3]. El Maghraby, Tarek A.F.; Abdel Rahman, Naglaa Cairo University - Department of Nuclear Medicine Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics 2008; 22 (2 Supp. 1): 161-168 (34 ref.) Keywords: Child; Radioisotope Renography; Kidney Function Tests; Abdomen-ultrasonography; Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate Abstract: Cases of unilateral hydronephrosis in pediatric patients are mostly due to pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction [PUJO] that causes hindrance in the drainage of urine outflow, leading to kidney function impairment The impaired excretory drainage is expected to have diminished or normal split renal function [SRF] on the affected side. However, in a significant number of patients with severe PUJO an elevated SRF can be found. The aim of this work was to estimate the frequency of various grades of SRF in children with PUJO. Secondly, to find out whether there is a difference between [99m] Tc-DTPA or[99m]Tc-MAG3 in assessing the SRF in these children. Fifty-eight children with unilateral PUJO referred for dynamic renography were included in this study on retrospective basis. Twenty-four patients underwent dynamic renography using [99m] Tc-DTPA while 34 were evaluated using [99m] Tc-MAG3. For both [99m]Tc-DTPA and [99m] Tc-MAG3, the dynamic renography started by perfusion phase [1 frame/ sec for 1 min] followed by 15-sec frames for 29 minutes. In all patients frusemide was given at a dose of 1mg/kg at 10 minutes post injection, In the DTPA and MAG3 studies, glomerular filtration rate [GFR] and renal plasma flow [ERPF] were estimated respectively and SRF was calculated from both figures. The normal range for SRF was considered 45% to 55%, in all patients; diagnostic ultrasound was done prior to isotopic renography. The mean age of the studied children was 18 +/- 10 months. The children in the DTPA and MAG3 groups were age and sex-matched. In the DTPA group 25% of the patients had a diminished SRF [< 45%], [46%] had normal SRF and 29% showed paradoxical SRF [> 55%]. In the MAG3 group, 32% of patients had diminished SRF, 41% had normal SRF and 26% showed paradoxical SRF of > 55%. There was no significant difference between DTPA and MAG3 in estimation of SRF in those with normal and suprnormal SRF [P value = 0.0865 and 0,094 respectively] however MGA3 tends to be superior to DTPA in cases of impaired renal function [P value < 0.05. The obstructive renogram patterns define the functional significance of the various grades of hydronephrosis detected by ultrasound. Both [99m]Tc-MAG3 and [99m]Tc-DTPA are comparable and can estimate the SRF in young children with unilateral PUJO, however, in cases of impaired renal function [99m]Tc-MAG3 tends to be better than [99m]Tc-DTPA. Impaired and Paradoxical supranormal split renal function are significantly present in young children with unilateral PUJO. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   114 Urinary Catheterization adverse effects Association between periurethral colonization with uropathogens and subsequent bacteriuria in catheterized patients. Munir,Tehmina; Lodhi, Munir; Hussain, Raja Mushtaq; Mubeen, Mohammad E-mail:tehmunir_doc@yahoo.com Combined Military Hospital - Department of Pathology JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2009; 19 (3): 169-172 (23 ref.) Keywords: Bacteriuria-etiology; Bacteriuria-microbiology; Urinary Tract Infections-microbiology; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Candida albicans; Cohort Studies Abstract: To determine the number of catheterized patients who develop bacteriuria due to the presence of organisms in their periurethral flora, which may subsequently cause Urinary Tract Infection [UTI] in these patients. Non-interventional, cohort study. This study was conducted on patients of Medical Intensive Care, Surgical and Urology Units of Combined Military Hospital, Lahore, from February to April 2006. A total of 60 hospitalized patients, who were catheterized for various underlying diseases, were included in the study. Urine samples and periurethral swabs were obtained from all patients and cultured on appropriate culture media. Various tests used for the identification of microorganisms were: Gram-staining, catalase test, coagulase test and esculin hydrolysis for the identification of Gram-positive bacteria, API 20e for Gram-negative bacilli, whereas lactophenol blue preparation and germ tube test were used for the identification of yeasts. Results: Out of 60 patients, 41[68.3%] were males and 19 [31.7%] were females. The mean duration of catheterization was 4.5 days. In males, culture of periurethral swabs revealed coagulase negative staphylococci in 11 [40.7%], Staphylococcus aureus in 10 [37%] and Enterococcus fecalis in 3 [11.1%] patients. In females, the organisms isolated were coagulase negative staphylococci in 4 [25%], Staphylococcus aureus in 4 [25%], Enterococcus fecalis in 4 [25%], Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 2 [12.5%], Escherichia coli in 3 [18.6%] and Candida albicans in 3 [18.6%] patients. Twenty nine patients developed bacteriuria [p <0.05]. Escherichia coli was the commonest organism causing bacteriuria in either gender followed by other Gram- negative organisms. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus was isolated in the urine of one male patient only. In males, 2 [10%] out of 20 patients with Gram-negative bacteriuria were colonized by the same organism, whereas in females, 4 [44.4%] out of 9 bacteriuric patients were colonized by the same organism. Predominantly Gram-positive organisms colonized the periurethral area in males as well as in the majority of females, whereas Gram-negative bacteria were mainly responsible for the bacteriuria in both genders. There was a significant association between periurethral colonization and subsequent bacteriuria, however, prior colonization with a particular organism is not a decisive event in the initiation of bacteriuria. Urinary Tract Infections complications Renal scar formation in children with recurrent urinary tract infections. Najib, K.H.; Fallahzadeh, E.; Fallahzadeh, M.K.; Fallahzadeh, M.H.; Erjaee, A. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences - Department of Pediatrics IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 93-95 (10 ref.) Keywords: Urinary Tract Infections-microbiology; Cicatrix-etiology; Cicatrix-diagnosis; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux- complications; Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid-diagnostic use; Escherichia coli; Child; Retrospective Studies Abstract: Reports of renal scar formation in children even in the absence of vesicoureteral reflux necessitates studying other causes of this major complication. The present study mainly focuses on the role of recurrent urinary tract infections [UTI] in renal scar formation. The records of 53 patients with recurrent UTI and the data on their regular follow up visits were reviewed. Renal scar formation was confirmed by dimercapto-succinic acid [DMSA] scan. DMSA scan, done at a mean age of 8.31 years, revealed renal scar formation in 12 cases [22.44%]. Seventy-five percent of the patients with scar formation and 80.5% without scar were older than 3 years at the time of the first documented UTI. The etiologic organism was found to be Escherichia coli in 89.2% of the infections in the scar forming versus 78.8% in the non-scar forming group. In the presence of normal urinary tract anatomy, recurrent UTI can be a significant cause of renal scar formation in children. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   115 Venous Thromboembolism diagnosis Pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism Part I - Deep vein thrombus diagnosis and treatment. Al Gahtani, Farjah H. E-mail:falgahtani@ksu.edu.sa King Khalid University Hospital - Division of Hematology-Oncology - Department of Internal Medicine Saudi Medical Journal 2009; 30 (1): 13-23 (94 ref.) Keywords: Venous Thromboembolism-therapy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Venous Thrombosis- diagnosis; Venous Thrombosis-therapy; Pregnancy Complications; Risk Factors Abstract: Venous thromboembolic VTE complications are leading causes of maternal mortality in the developed world. Over the past 20 years, there has been an increase in the incidence of deep venous thrombosis DVT in pregnant women, and this increase may be explained by the risk factors including older age, cesarean section, history of VTE, and presence of thrombophilia. To reduce the incidence of VTE in pregnancy and improve the outcomes, a wider understanding of the risk factors, and a better identification of women at risk of the thrombosis, with objective diagnosis and provide the optimal effective and safe treatment. Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, considered manifestations of the same disease, are often preventable and usually treatable. Nevertheless, VTE remains a substantial problem despite the dramatic decline in pregnancy-related mortality in industrialized countries over the past century. While diagnosis and management of VTE in pregnancy are challenging, and many diagnostic tests are less accurate in pregnant than non-pregnant patients, and the available options are suboptimal. This is a review in 2 parts, in part I, we address the following questions: In pregnant women, who developed DVT; how to diagnose, and the treatment once the diagnosis is confirmed. For each of these problems, the relevant background is briefly summarized, approaches recommended, and the suggested practical and relatively safe diagnostic management approaches. Part II, we address pregnant women with pulmonary embolism, how to diagnose and treat. Waxes Potential of Carnuba wax in ameliorating brittle fracture during tableting. Uhumwangho, M.U.; Okor, R.S.; Adogah, J.T. E-mail:mike2003u@yahoo.com University of Benin - Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 22 (1): 58-61 (11 ref.) Keywords: Drug Industry; Tablets Abstract: Carnuba wax [as binder] forms hard tablets even at low compression load attributable to its high plasticity. The aim of the present study is to investigate its potential in ameliorating brittle fracture [i.e., lamination and capping] a problem often encountered during tableting. Granules of paracetamol [test drug] were made by triturating the drug powder with the melted wax or starch mucilage [20%w/v]. Resulting granules were separated into different size fractions which were separately compressed into tablets with and without a centre hole [as in- built defect] using different compression loads. The tablets were evaluated for tensile strength and the data used to calculate the brittle fracture index [BFI], using the expression: BFI = 0.5[T/T[0]-1] where T[0] and T are the tensile strength of tablets with and without a centre hole respectively. The BFI values were significantly lower [p < 0.05] in tablets made with carnuba wax compared with tablets made with maize starch as binders. Increase in particle size of the granules or lowering of the compression load further ameliorated the brittle fracture tendency of the tablets. Using granules with the larger particle size [850 micro m] and applying the lowest unit of load [6 arbitrary unit on the load scale of the tableting machine] the BFI values were 0.03 [carnuba wax tablets] and 0.11 [maize starch tablets]. When the conditions were reversed [i.e., a highest load, 8 units and the smallest particle size, 212 micro m] the BFI values now became 0.17 [carnuba wax tablets] and 0.26 [maize starch tablets]. The indication is that the use of large granules and low compression loads to form tablets can further enhance the potential of carnuba wax in ameliorating brittle fracture tendency of tablets during their manufacture. IMEMR Current Contents Subject Index   116 Wounds and Injuries therapy Developing a national trauma management workshop in Iran applying an animal model. Saghafinia, M.; Khatamai, M.; Nafissi, N.; Asadollahi, R.; Akhavan Moqadam, J. E-mail:masoud.saghafinia@gmail.com Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences - Trauma Research Center IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2009; 11 (1): 32-36 (19 ref.) Keywords: Wounds and Injuries-prevention and control; Education-methods; Medical Staff-education; Models, Animal; Clinical Competence-education Abstract: Traumas take a heavy toll throughout the world and Iran is increasingly involved in this problem. So, education and training of medical staff for successful handling of traumatic patients seem necessary. In this study, we tried to develop and evaluate a national training program on trauma management to use animal models through a trauma management workshop. After primary survey and designing an advanced trauma management workshop, 144 practitioners of one armed force were randomly selected to be trained. Participants could experience some practical and new aspects. For example, they handled high velocity traumas and were involved throughout the different phases of trauma management under the supervision of experienced leaders. To assess the program, participants completed open-ended [essay], multiple-choice question [MCQ], and skill exams before and after the workshop. A trauma training program was developed and evaluated. In essay exam, scores significantly increased from 26 to 58, MCQ scores significantly rose from 49 to 65, and the participant's practical competency significantly improved from 46 to 75. Immense attention is required to optimize doctors' training in trauma care to avoid fossilization of cognitive knowledge and skills. Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile diagnosis [A dermatosis papulo-nodulose of a new-born baby] Abdel Moula, F.; Lahmar Boufaroua, A.; Rekik, W.; Bouraoui, S.; Goutalier, C.; Kourda, M.; Mzabi Regaya, S. Khereddine Regional Center Hospital - Dermatology Department Maghreb Medical 2009; 29 (391): 231, 255 (5 ref.) Keywords: Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile-Surgery; Histiocytes; Infant, Newborn.     Appendix I Author Index

IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   119 Abadi, A.R. COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) Abadi, Ali Reza MORTALITY Abbas, Hassan NOSE Abbas, Safinaz E.S. PYRIMIDINES (chemical synthesis) Abbasi, Amanullah BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME (diagnosis) Abbasi, S. AMNION Abdel Badee, Ashraf BREAST NEOPLASMS (economics) Abdel Fattah, Mohamed NUTRITIONAL STATUS Abdel Hafez, Atef A. PREDNISONE (metabolism) Abdel Hafez, NagIaa M. NUTRITIONAL STATUS Abdel Hakeem, A. RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN (physiopathology) Abdel Latif, Esmat A. HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL (blood) Abdel Maboud, Mohamed HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL (blood) Abdel Moneim, I. INJECTIONS Abdel Mota'al, Magdy M. GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE (complications) Abdel Moula, F. XANTHOGRANULOMA, JUVENILE (diagnosis) Abdel Rahim, Mahmoud H. STOMACH ULCER (drug therapy) PYRAZOLES (pharmacology) Abdel Rahman, A.A. CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITORS (chemical synthesis) Abdel Rahman, M.S. FLUCONAZOLE (chemical synthesis) Abdel Rahman, Naglaa URETERAL OBSTRUCTION (diagnosis) Abdel Salam, Abdel Rady BREAST NEOPLASMS (economics) Abdel Sattar, Mohamed H. MYOCARDITIS (drug therapy) Abdel Wadood, Hanaa M. PIROXICAM (chemical synthesis) ALBUTEROL (chemical synthesis) Abdelhamid, Waleed A.M. LARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Abdelkader, Samir S. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (drug therapy) Abdella, E.M. DOXORUBICIN (adverse effects) Abdelrahman, Shimaa M. PYRIMIDINES (chemical synthesis) Abdessalem, S. ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY Abdou, Magdy O. JAUNDICE, NEONATAL Abdul Al, Doaa M. JAUNDICE, NEONATAL Abdul Aziz, Sameer FOREIGN BODIES (therapy) Abdul Khalid, Imran Khalid Imran BREAST NEOPLASMS (classification) Abdulla, Samah M. INTERNAL-EXTERNAL CONTROL Abdulla, Z.A. DIARRHEA (microbiology) Abdullah, Talal A. OSTEOARTHRITIS, KNEE (drug therapy) Abedalthagafi, Malak S. CYSTADENOMA, MUCINOUS (diagnosis) Abir Khalil, S. HYPERTENSION (epidemiology) Abolhasani, Farideh Al Sadat FRUIT Abou El Ella, Soheir S. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISEASES (epidemiology) Abou Taleb, A.E. CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITORS (chemical synthesis) Aboutaib, R. PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA (diagnosis) Abu Abeeleh, Mahmood M. THYMOMA (diagnosis) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   120 Abuelkheir, Manal M. OFLOXACIN (pharmacokinetics) Abuhamed, Mutasem M. TUBERCULOSIS, MENINGEAL (drug therapy) Adapinar, Baki SCHIZOPHRENIA (diagnosis) Adib, S.M. SALMONELLA INFECTIONS Adogah, J.T. WAXES Afifi, M. TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) Afify, Mohamed Farouk HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL (blood) ASTHMA (blood) EPILEPSY (blood) Afridi, Mukhtiar Zaman TUBERCULOSIS, MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT (etiology) Afridi, Shahida Parveen MASTITIS (diagnosis) Aghakhani, N. BURNS (epidemiology) Aghamohammadi, Asgar HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL (genetics) Aghel, Nasrin MORACEAE Ahangar, Alijan A. STROKE (complications) Ahmad, Ahmad H. BRAIN DISEASES (diagnosis) Ahmad, Ijaz THIAMINE (therapeutic use) Ahmad, Iqbal BENZOIC ACID (analysis) Ahmadi, Sina RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (etiology) Ahmed, Amany A.E. THIAZOLIDINEDIONES (pharmacology) Ahmed, Bilal ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA (diagnosis) Ahmed, Jamil FOURNIER GANGRENE (diagnosis) Ahmed, Muniruddin ALBIZZIA Ahmed, Nagwa S. STOMACH ULCER (drug therapy) Ahmed, R. DOXORUBICIN (adverse effects) Ahmed, Shoaib AMINO ACIDS, NEUTRAL (therapeutic use) Aidah, M.D. Nur CHITOSAN Ajmi, S. BEZOARS (diagnosis) Akbar, Manzar H. MASTOID (surgery) Akbari Asbagh, Parvin HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL (genetics) Akbari, M.E. COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) Akhavan Moqadam, J. WOUNDS AND INJURIES (therapy) Akhtar, Naheed SHOWDOMYCIN (analysis) Akin, Murat MASTITIS (pathology) Akkari, K. OTITIS EXTERNA (etiology) Akpolat, Nusret REPERFUSION INJURY (therapy) Aksaray, Gokay SCHIZOPHRENIA (diagnosis) Aksu, Burhan REPERFUSION INJURY (drug therapy) Aksu, Funda SCAPHOID BONE (anatomy and histology) Aksu, Recep ANESTHETICS, LOCAL (administration and dosage) Akyuz, Fahrettin NG-NITROARGININE METHYL ESTER (therapeutic use) Al Ahmadi, Jawaher CHILD ABUSE Al Amri, H.S. INJECTIONS Al Ashakar, M.S. OROPHARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   121 Al Aswad, I.H. DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS VACCINE Al Ateeqi, Wafa'a NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS (diagnosis) Al Ayadhi, Laila Y. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (blood) Al Barbarawi, Mohammad M. GLIOBLASTOMA (diagnosis) Al Drees, Abdul Majeed CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME (diagnosis) Al Gahtani, Farjah H. VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM (diagnosis) Al Gahtani, Hussein A. EPILEPSY (epidemiology) Al Hamad, Nawal DIET Al Janadi, Mansour A. EPILEPSY (epidemiology) Al Jarrah, Muhammed D. BRAIN INJURIES (rehabilitation) Al Jumah, Mohammed A. MIGRAINE DISORDERS (epidemiology) Al khaledi, Duaa CHEDIAK-HIGASHI SYNDROME (diagnosis) Al Khalifa, Ihab I. OSTEOARTHRITIS, KNEE (drug therapy) Al Madouj, A. EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL Al Mashat, Faisal M. NEURILEMMOMA (diagnosis) Al Mousa, Haifaa LEUKEMIA (microbiology) Al Nakshabandi, Nizar A. PENIS (pathology) Al Nimer, Marwan S. HYPERTENSION (physiopathology) Al Osaimi, Sameer FOREIGN BODIES (therapy) Al Osaimi, Suad NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS (diagnosis) Al Rasheed, Nawal M. THIAZOLIDINEDIONES (pharmacology) Al Rasheed, Nouf M. THIAZOLIDINEDIONES (pharmacology) Al Saffar, A.J. BODY HEIGHT (analysis) Al Sanea, Mohammed M. PREDNISONE (metabolism) Al Shammari, Mohammad SWEET SYNDROME (diagnosis) Al Shammer, Noufa FIBROMA (diagnosis) Al Smady, Moaath M. THYMOMA (diagnosis) Al Sultan, Mohammed S. ADVERSE DRUG REACTION REPORTING SYSTEMS Al Tayib, Yousuf Abdulmalik CINCHONA (metabolism) Al Terkait, Nada CHEDIAK-HIGASHI SYNDROME (diagnosis) Al Tulaihi, Bader A. MIGRAINE DISORDERS (epidemiology) Al Zafiri, Azzez SPHEROCYTOSIS, HEREDITARY (pathology) Al Zwaini, E.J. C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (diagnostic use) Alamdari, Shahram DISASTERS Alavi, Manijeh PUBERTY Alawadi, S.A. HYPEROSTOSIS, CORTICAL, CONGENITAL (genetics) Ale Mohammad, Mahmood Gholam HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL (genetics) AlEnezi, Bader FOREIGN BODIES (therapy) Alexander, Susan FIBROMA (diagnosis) Ali, Ayman M.A. PILONIDAL SINUS (surgery) Ali, Many A. GOITER (surgerg) Ali, Nagwa HEART TRANSPLANTATION (adverse effects) HEART SEPTAL DEFECTS, VENTRICULAR (surgery) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   122 Ali, Obaid COSMETICS (therapeutic use) Ali, S. STROKE (epidemiology) Ali, Soliman M.M. SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION (drug effects) Alimoradian, Abbas APOMORPHINE (pharmacology) Allahyari, S.S. TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) Altindag, Abdurrahman HEPATITIS B, CHRONIC (psychology) Aly, Mohamed El Hosiny Magdy ASTHMA (blood) Amanati, Ali POSTERIOR LEUKOENCEPHOLOPATHY SYNDROME (diagnosis) Amin, M.A. KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE (chemistry) Amin, Mohamed A. DICLOFENAC (chemical synthesis) Amini, A. ANESTHESIA, GENERAL (adverse effects) Amini, Abbas Ali ASPERGILLOSIS (immunology) Amini, Elahe SPERMATIC CORD TORSION (congenital) Amini, M. AMNION Amini, Marzyeh NITRIC OXIDE (pharmacology) Amini, Mitra GROWTH (analysis) Amir, Gorbani H. FOLIC ACID (therapeutic use) Ammar, Samir A. PILONIDAL SINUS (surgery) Ansari, Fasihuddin Ahmed DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE, BACTERIAL Ansari, Mohamed A. ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL (complications) Anwar, Rukhsana TUBERCULOSIS, MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT (etiology) Aoun, Z. SMOKING (trends) Ara, Iffat HYPERICUMSEROTONINmetabolism Arab, Mohammad PATIENT RIGHTS Ardalan, G. CHRONIC DISEASE (prevention and control) Arfan ul Bari LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS (epidemiology) Arghizadeh, H. ACID-BASE IMBALANCE (etiology) Ari, Zafer SCAPHOID BONE (anatomy and histology) Asad, Mohammed GARLIC Asadollahi, R. WOUNDS AND INJURIES (therapy) Ashraf, Saadia TUBERCULOSIS, MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT (etiology) Askri, Hasan EXTREMITIES (injuries) Aslami, Fatemeh MORTALITY Assefzadeh, M. TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) Atakay, Selfuk ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY Atiq ur Rehman, Syed PTEROCARPUS Atri, Morteza BREAST NEOPLASMS (genetics) Attar, Ahmed A. EPILEPSY (epidemiology) Attia, L. TAKAYASU'S ARTERITIS (complications) Auzi, Abdurazag A. FERULA (chemistry) Avijgan, M. MUMPS (epidemiology) Awad, Peter Ibrahim EPILEPSY (blood) Ayadi, I. TONGUE (abnormalities) Aydin, Seval REPERFUSION INJURY (drug therapy) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   123 Ayed, Adel Khader PNEUMOTHORAX Aykac, Bora ANESTHESIA, CAUDAL (methods) Aypar, Ulku DEXMEDETOMIDINE (therapeutic use) Ayvaz, Suleyman REPERFUSION INJURY (drug therapy) Azab, A.S. HYPEROSTOSIS, CORTICAL, CONGENITAL (genetics) Azab, Mohammed A. BRAIN INJURIES (rehabilitation) Azamthulla, Mohammed GARLIC Azarpira, N. BREAST NEOPLASMS (mortality) CEREBRAL CORTEX (drug effects) LEIOMYOSARCOMA (diagnosis) THYROID GLAND (abnormalities) Aziz, A. PREGNANCY (psychology) Azizi, S. LEIOMYOSARCOMA (diagnosis) B. Anthony CORCHORUS Babaei, Mahdi THYMUS PLANT Baghchevan, V. FOCUS GROUPS Baharon, Rogiah OBSTETRIC LABOR, PREMATURE (epidemiology) Bahl, Sunil R. SPHEROCYTOSIS, HEREDITARY (pathology) Baig, Noshad MASTITIS (diagnosis) Baig, Saeeda HEPATITIS B (diagnosis) Bains, Harmesh Singh HEPATITIS A (diagnosis) Bakr, Marwa F. ALBUTEROL (chemical synthesis) Balafair, Amer S. ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS OBSTETRIC LABOR, PREMATURE (epidemiology) Bano, Farhat SHOWDOMYCIN (analysis) Bano, Khalida SHOWDOMYCIN (analysis) Bano, Samina HYPERICUM (metabolism) Barakett, N. ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY Barbour, B. CONTRACEPTION Barghi, R.Gh. TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) Bari, Attia SCURVY (diagnosis) Barut, Cagatay SCIATIC NERVE (anatomy and histology) Barutsu, Irfan ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY Basar, Ruhgun BRAIN (anatomy and histology) Basiri, Keivan MILLER FISHER SYNDROME (diagnosis) Bassar, S. BEHCET SYNDROME (diagnosis) Bastaki, L. HYPEROSTOSIS, CORTICAL, CONGENITAL (genetics) Batool, Farhat AMINO ACIDS, NEUTRAL (therapeutic use) Bavarian, Behroz ASTHMA, EXERCISE-INDUCED (diagnosis) Bawazir, Saleh A. ADVERSE DRUG REACTION REPORTING SYSTEMS Bayati, Maryam MORACEAE Baylan, Gonul SCHIZOPHRENIA (diagnosis) Bayraktar, Bulent SCAPHOID BONE (anatomy and histology) Becerik, Sema PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT Behnampour, Naser MORTALITY IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   124 Beigy, Faegheh Baha aldini APOMORPHINE (pharmacology) Belkahla, N. BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME (etiology) Ben Ali, A. BEZOARS (diagnosis) Ben Bachouche, W. ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) Ben Hamida, E. TONGUE (abnormalities) Ben Hariz, F. BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME (etiology) Ben Hassouna, J. FIBROMATOSIS, AGGRESSIVE (diagnosis) ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) Ben Mami, N. BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME (etiology) Ben Mansour, N. HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR (diagnosis) Ben Massoued, M. BEHCET SYNDROME (diagnosis) Ben Romdhane, S. BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME (etiology) Ben Safta, Z. BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME (etiology) Ben Slama, A. BEZOARS (diagnosis) Ben Sorba, N. GRANULOMA, PLASMA CELL (diagnosis) Ben Temime, R. TAKAYASU'S ARTERITIS (complications) Benchekroun, S. PANCREATITIS (chemically induced) Bendahmane, S. HYPERTENSION (epidemiology) Benna, F. FIBROMATOSIS, AGGRESSIVE (diagnosis) ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) Bennani, S. PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA (diagnosis) Benomar, M. HYPERTENSION (epidemiology) Bensaoud, O. HYPERTENSION (epidemiology) Benzagmout, Mohammed ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) Benzarti, S. OTITIS EXTERNA (etiology) Bharathi, Tathireddy BUXUS Bhat, Deepak HEPATITIS A (diagnosis) Bhatti, Arshad ACHILLES TENDON (injuries) Bhirud, Charushila, H. PHOSPHONIC ACIDS (analysis) Bhojaraju, pullasi FLAVONOIDS (analysis) Bilgi, Selcuk REPERFUSION INJURY (drug therapy) Bin Dajem, Saad M. ABO BLOOD-GROUP SYSTEM Bissar Tadmouri, Nisrine BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH Bo, Xiao TUBERCULOSIS, MENINGEAL (drug therapy) Bohluii, M. COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) Borg, Th.M. DICLOFENAC (toxicity) Borg, Thanaa M.E. CAFFEINE Bouabdealla, Y. TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) Bouaziz, M. ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (surgery) Boufaid, A. BEZOARS (diagnosis) Boujlel, M. BEHCET SYNDROME (diagnosis) Bouraoui, S. XANTHOGRANULOMA, JUVENILE (diagnosis) Boussen, H. FIBROMATOSIS, AGGRESSIVE (diagnosis) ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) Boussen, M. REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY (diagnosis) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   125 Bouzaiene, H. FIBROMATOSIS, AGGRESSIVE (diagnosis) ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) Boyaci, Adem ANESTHETICS, LOCAL (administration and dosage) Brahmaiah, pendyala FLAVONOIDS (analysis) Brown, A. DENTAL CARIES (epidemiology) Butt, Nazish BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME (diagnosis) Cadirci, Dursun HEPATITIS B, CHRONIC (psychology) Can, Mehmet F. MASTITIS (pathology) Cetin, Bulent PLANTS, MEDICINAL (microbiology) Chaabouni, H. BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME (etiology) Chakour, Khalid ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) Chand Bansal, U. ARTHROPLASTY, REPLACEMENT, KNEE (methods) Changizii, Shima REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION Chaouachi, S. TONGUE (abnormalities) Chaoui, Mohamed E. ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) Chargui, R. ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) Chebbi, M.K. OTITIS EXTERNA (etiology) Chechia, A. TAKAYASU'S ARTERITIS (complications) Chegini, Hosein SPERMATIC CORD TORSION (congenital) Cheour, M. HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR (diagnosis) Chouaib, S. BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME (etiology) Choueiry, N. CESAREAN SECTION (statistics and numerical data) Cobb, Stuart RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC Comert, Ayhan SCIATIC NERVE (anatomy and histology) Coskun, Fehmi DEXMEDETOMIDINE (therapeutic use) Curses, like A. SCAPHOID BONE (anatomy and histology) Dabaghzadeh, Abbas NOCTURNAL ENURESIS (drug therapy) Daffalla, A.A. INJECTIONS Dahmane, M. TONGUE (abnormalities) Dahri, Monireh HSP27 HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS (immunology) Dakir, M. PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA (diagnosis) Dami, M. FIBROMATOSIS, AGGRESSIVE (diagnosis) Dammas, Hassnah O. EPILEPSY (epidemiology) Dandu, Anilkumar M. ANDROGRAPHIS Daoud, J. QUALITY OF LIFE Daoud, Z. SALMONELLA INFECTIONS Dashti, Hussein M. OBESITY (prevention and control) Dastan, Jila HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL (genetics) Davani, Zeraatian Nejad ATHEROSCLEROSIS (diagnosis) Davarpanah, M.A. TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) David, Bizy NOSE Debbagh, A. PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA (diagnosis) Dehghan, Mahshid DIET Deliloglu Gurhan, Ismet PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   126 Derakhshan, Fatemeh MILLER FISHER SYNDROME (diagnosis) Derbal, F. BEZOARS (diagnosis) Dey, Akalanka CLEOME Dhiab, T. ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) Dhooria, Gurdeep Singh HEPATITIS A (diagnosis) Diab, M.M. INJECTIONS Dogru, Kudret ANESTHETICS, LOCAL (administration and dosage) Drissa, H. HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR (diagnosis) Drissa, M.A. HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR (diagnosis) Duman, Taskin RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME (diagnosis) Dyab, Amro K.F. DICLOFENAC (chemical synthesis) Ebrahimy, M. ANALGESIA (methods) Efam, Monday O. HIV INFECTIONS (epidemiology) Eftekhar, B. OPIUM Eftekhar, Rahela CHILD ABUSE Eghbal, H. ANESTHESIA, GENERAL (adverse effects) Ehsanipour, Fahimeh SEIZURES, FEBRILE (etiology) El Absii, Abdel Rahman FOOD INDUSTRY El Azm, Mowaffak SYRINGOMYELIA (diagnosis) El Badry, Mohamed M. HEARING LOSS, SENSORINEURAL El Baghouli, M. PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA (diagnosis) El Daly, Mahmoud E. INSULIN RESISTANCE El Gend, Fady M. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISEASES (epidemiology) El Gibaly M.H., Omaima CIRCUMCISION, FEMALE (adverse effects) El Gibaly, Omaima BREAST NEOPLASMS (economics) El Hammadi, Mazen FERULA (chemistry) El Khatib, Mohamed M. KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC (metabolism) El Madi, A. TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) El Maghraby, Tarek A.F. URETERAL OBSTRUCTION (diagnosis) El Messaoudi, Y.A. PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA (diagnosis) El Moghazy, Samir M. PYRIMIDINONES (chemical synthesis) El Moselhy, Mohamed A. INSULIN RESISTANCE El Nemr, Fathia M. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISEASES (epidemiology) El Refaiy, Abeer LARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) El Said, Howaida G. HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY (drug therapy) El Said, Howaida Galal AORTIC COARCTATION (diagnosis) El Sayed, Mohammad A. ALMITRINE El Sebae, Hatem M. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISEASES (epidemiology) El Shazly, Hewaida BLOOD DONORS El Shehaby, Amal M. KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC (metabolism) El Shemi, Adel G.A. MYOCARDITIS (drug therapy) El Taliawi, Gamil M. PYRIMIDINES (chemical synthesis) Elabsii, Abdul Rhman BLOOD DONORS IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   127 Elhan, Alaittin SCIATIC NERVE (anatomy and histology) Elkayal, M.O. DICLOFENAC (toxicity) Elkordy, A.A. LYMPHOMA, NON-HODGKIN (blood) Elkum, N. EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL Elminshawy, Ahmed HEART SEPTAL DEFECTS, VENTRICULAR (surgery) ElMohamady, Mohamed DIABETES MELLITUS (blood) Elouzi, Abdurrahim A. FERULA (chemistry) Elrehany, Mahmoud Abdul Aziz ASTHMA (blood) Elsayed, Naglaa M. KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC (metabolism) Elshafey, A. HYPEROSTOSIS, CORTICAL, CONGENITAL (genetics) Emad, Allam, A. RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN (physiopathology) Emamghoreishi, Fatemeh GROWTH (analysis) Emami, Ahmad JUNIPERUS (toxicity) Emara, Kamla M. ALBUTEROL (chemical synthesis) Ercisli, Sezai PLANTS, MEDICINAL (microbiology) Erjaee, A. URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (complications) Eser, Zeynep PLANTS, MEDICINAL (microbiology) Eslamlou, Hamid Reza Farrokh EDUCATION Esmaeely, E. HEART NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Esmer, Ali F. SCIATIC NERVE (anatomy and histology) Esna Ashari, F. COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) Etminan, H. CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS (diagnosis) Evrenosoglu, Evren PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT Eweis, Mohamed Korany COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS (surgery) Faghihi, G. ACNE VULGARIS (therapy) Fahim, M. EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL Fakharian, E. LIDOCAINE (therapeutic use) Fallahzadeh, E. URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (complications) Fallahzadeh, M.H. URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (complications) Fallahzadeh, M.K. URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (complications) Famulok, Michael PURINES (chemical synthesis) Fangyu, An. PLANT EXTRACTS (therapeutic use) Farag, Awatif El S. PYRIMIDINONES (chemical synthesis) Farag, Salwa F. ANACARDIACEAE (chemistry) Faramarzi, A. OSTEOBLASTOMA (diagnosis) Farokhi, S. THYROID GLAND (abnormalities) Farouk, Osama HIP FRACTURES (complications) Fatehi, Farzad MILLER FISHER SYNDROME (diagnosis) SYRINGOMYELIA (diagnosis) Fathalla, Dina FLUCONAZOLE (chemical synthesis) Fathiazad, Fatemeh PLANT EXTRACTS (therapeutic use) Fatima, Nosheen BREAST NEOPLASMS (drug therapy) Fatmi, Z. PREGNANCY (psychology) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   128 Fazel, M.R. LIDOCAINE (therapeutic use) Fehri, W. ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY Feizi, A. BURNS (epidemiology) Fekak, H. PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA (diagnosis) Fekri, Fariba SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS (epidemiology) Ferns, Gordon HSP27 HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS (immunology) Firat, Murat BRAIN (anatomy and histology) Forghanparast, Kambiz MASTOID (surgery) Forouhari, S. EXERCISE (physiology) Fouad, E.A. FLUCONAZOLE (chemical synthesis) Frikha, M. QUALITY OF LIFE Gad, Z.M. OROPHARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) Gamel, Abdul Moneim S. ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL (complications) Gamoudi, A. FIBROMATOSIS, AGGRESSIVE (diagnosis) ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) Ganapathy, Seru BUXUS Garjani, A. FOCUS GROUPS Garjani, Alireza PLANT EXTRACTS (therapeutic use) Gayretli, Ozcan SCAPHOID BONE (anatomy and histology) Georgey, Hanan H. PYRIMIDINES (chemical synthesis) Gerami, Hooshang MASTOID (surgery) Ghadami Yazdi, Elham HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL (genetics) Ghaemi, E. CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES (microbiology) Ghaffari, Saeed Reza HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL (genetics) Ghafoor, Najaf Abbas SHOWDOMYCIN (analysis) Ghallab, Soad A. INTERNAL-EXTERNAL CONTROL Ghanem, H. OROPHARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) Ghanizadeh, Ahmad AUTISTIC DISORDER (complications) Ghannouchi, M. ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (surgery) Ghasem Zadeh, I. HEPATITIS B VIRUS (diagnosis) Ghasemian, Elham PLANT EXTRACTS (therapeutic use) Ghasemzadeh, F. ARTHROPLASTY, REPLACEMENT, KNEE (methods) Ghayour Mobarhan, Majid HSP27 HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS (immunology) Ghazal, Hesham A. JAUNDICE, NEONATAL Ghazzawi, Mohamed A. GLIOBLASTOMA (diagnosis) Gheiratmand, R. CHRONIC DISEASE (prevention and control) Ghodsi, S.M. OPIUM Ghoneim, Ahmed HEART SEPTAL DEFECTS, VENTRICULAR (surgery) Ghorobi, Javad GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME (physiopathology) Golalipour, M.J. CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES (microbiology) NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS (etiology) Golli, L. BEZOARS (diagnosis) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   129 Golmohammadi, Zadeh S.H. HEART NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Goodarzi, Fatemeh AFFECT Goodarzi, Peyman GENETIC DISEASES, INBORN (diagnosis) Goucha, A. FIBROMATOSIS, AGGRESSIVE (diagnosis) Gouda, Ahmed M. PYRIMIDINONES (chemical synthesis) Gouda, Mohammed H. JAUNDICE, NEONATAL Gouda, S.A. HYPEROSTOSIS, CORTICAL, CONGENITAL (genetics) Goutalier, C. XANTHOGRANULOMA, JUVENILE (diagnosis) Gray, Alexander I. FERULA (chemistry) Gul, Levent ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY Guler, Gulen ANESTHETICS, LOCAL (administration and dosage) Gungor, Neva PLANTS, MEDICINAL (microbiology) Gurer, Firdevs NG-NITROARGININE METHYL ESTER (therapeutic use) Guven, Gul SCHIZOPHRENIA (diagnosis) NG-NITROARGININE METHYL ESTER (therapeutic use) Habib, F.S. FLUCONAZOLE (chemical synthesis) Habib, Syed S. CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME (diagnosis) Habibian, R. MUMPS (epidemiology) Hady, Kamel I. SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION (drug effects) Hafez, A. GALLBLADDER EMPTYING Hajizadeh, Ebrahim BREAST NEOPLASMS (genetics) Haleem, Darakhshan Jabeen AMINO ACIDS, NEUTRAL (therapeutic use) Hamdan, Farqad B. DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES (diagnosis) Hamed, Soha T. KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC (metabolism) Hamedanchi, A. HEART NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Hamid, Mohamed E. ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL (complications) Hamida, W. GRANULOMA, PLASMA CELL (diagnosis) Hammad, Durdana CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME (diagnosis) Hammdan, Farouq F. THYMOMA (diagnosis) Hamza, Wafaa S. NUTRITIONAL STATUS Hanna, N.M. SALMONELLA INFECTIONS Hanssens, Yolande I. DRUG PRESCRIPTIONS Hany, Ahmed M. NUTRITIONAL STATUS Haouala, H. ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY Harandi, Nahid Vahid SEIZURES, FEBRILE (etiology) Harif, M. PANCREATITIS (chemically induced) Harrandou, M. TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) Hasan, Muhammad mohtasheemul COSMETICS (therapeutic use) Hasanen, Ashraf Sayed HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY (drug therapy) Hasankhani, E.G. PELVIS (injuries) Hashemi, Hassan Jahani DEPRESSION (therapy) Hashemi, S.R. ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC (mortality) Hashemian, Amir H. BREAST NEOPLASMS (genetics) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   130 Hasheminasab, M.J. AMNION Hashemzadeh, Ahmad RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (etiology) Hashmi, Adnan BREAST NEOPLASMS (drug therapy) Hashmi, Hina BREAST NEOPLASMS (drug therapy) Hasni, I. BEZOARS (diagnosis) Hassan, Ali, Hosam MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (drug therapy) Hassan, Argani FOLIC ACID (therapeutic use) Hassan, Ayman K.M. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (drug therapy) Hassan, Zuhair Mohammad ASPERGILLOSIS (immunology) Hatcher, J. PREGNANCY (psychology) Hayallah, Alaa M. TRIAZOLAM (chemical synthesis) PURINES (chemical synthesis) Hazavehei, Seyyed Mohammd Mehdi DEPRESSION (therapy) Hechiche, M. ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) Hedayati, M.T. FUNGI (isolation and purification) Heibatoilahi, M. RECTAL NEOPLASMS (surgery) Heidarzadeh, A. CHRONIC DISEASE (prevention and control) Helmy, Ashraf A. PILONIDAL SINUS (surgery) Herguner, Ozlem M. BRAIN (pathology) Heta, Helal F. TRIAZOLAM (chemical synthesis) Heydari, S.T. BREAST NEOPLASMS (mortality) Heydari, Seyed Taghi GROWTH (analysis) Hidoussi, A. GRANULOMA, PLASMA CELL (diagnosis) Hijazi, Nariman CHILD ABUSE Hilal, Jamal Monzer SPHEROCYTOSIS, HEREDITARY (pathology) Hmaied, I. BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME (etiology) Hodjati, H. ATHEROSCLEROSIS (diagnosis) Holyoake, T.L. LYMPHOMA, NON-HODGKIN (blood) Hongjuan, Yu. PLANT EXTRACTS (therapeutic use) Hosseini, H.R. Jahadi NUTRITION THERAPY (utilization) Hosseini, Kamran Mousavi RHODANINE (analogs and derivatives) Hosseini, Seidreza STROKE (complications) Huong, Le Thi Thanh GENETIC DISEASES, INBORN (diagnosis) Husain, Ashraf CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME (diagnosis) Hussain, Muhammad I. EXTREMITIES (injuries) Hussain, Raja Mushtaq URINARY CATHETERIZATION (adverse effects) Hussain, Rubina PLACENTA ACCRETA (diagnosis) Hussain, Saad A. OSTEOARTHRITIS, KNEE (drug therapy) Hussain, Z. STROKE (epidemiology) Hussein, A.K. KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE (chemistry) Hussein, Gehan TETRALOGY OF FALLOT (surgery) Hussein, Ismail l. HYPERTENSION (physiopathology) Ibrahim, M.A. KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE (chemistry) Ibrahim, Mohamed A. DICLOFENAC (chemical synthesis) Ibrahim, N.K.R. OROPHARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   131 Ibrahim, Nahla Khamis CHILD ABUSE Ibrahim, Uroosa PLACENTA ACCRETA (diagnosis) Ihongbe, John C. HIV INFECTIONS (epidemiology) Inamdar, Naseeruddin M. ANDROGRAPHIS Inan, Mustafa REPERFUSION INJURY (drug therapy) Incecik, Faruk BRAIN (pathology) Iqbal, Muhammad Zafar PTEROCARPUS Islam, K.M. Ariful AMBROXOL (pharmacokinetics) Ismail, Essam A. BRAIN DISEASES (diagnosis) Izani, N.J. Noor CHITOSAN Jabir, Maysoon M. MISOPROSTOL (therapeutic use) Jackson, Patrick G. CYSTADENOMA, MUCINOUS (diagnosis) Jadidi, Majid THYMUS PLANT Jafari Javid, Ahmad COPPER SULFATE (poisoning) Jafarian, Abbas JUNIPERUS (toxicity) Jahan, Sarwat COSMETICS (therapeutic use) Jahangiri, Katayoun DISASTERS Jaidane, M. GRANULOMA, PLASMA CELL (diagnosis) Jalali, Ekram CHILD ABUSE Jalili, Mohammad Ali RHODANINE (analogs and derivatives) Jamous, Mohammed A. BRAIN INJURIES (rehabilitation) Jan, Mohammed M. GAIT Janmohammadi, N. ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC (mortality) Jarrahi, Morteza THYMUS PLANT Jasser, Hussein NOSE Jassim, NizarA. OSTEOARTHRITIS, KNEE (drug therapy) Javaid, Bushra Karim SCURVY (diagnosis) Jmaa, A. BEZOARS (diagnosis) Jmaa, R. BEZOARS (diagnosis) Johari, H. Ghoddusi ATHEROSCLEROSIS (diagnosis) Joual, A. PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA (diagnosis) Jukema, J. Wouter MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (drug therapy) Jun, Guo PLANT EXTRACTS (therapeutic use) Jurdi, R. CESAREAN SECTION (statistics and numerical data) Kahlouni, A. BEZOARS (diagnosis) Kalameh, Z. Asadi NUTRITION THERAPY (utilization) Kalantari, Heibatollah MORACEAE Kale, Aysin SCAPHOID BONE (anatomy and histology) Kamal, Amira H. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL (analysis) Kamaoui, Imane ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) Kambar, Habib RENAL ARTERY (injuries) Kamel, Magdy Moustafa EPILEPSY (blood) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   132 Kamel, Nermin R.M. JAUNDICE, NEONATAL Kamran, Kiran ETHANOL (adverse effects) Kanan, T.A. DIARRHEA (microbiology) Kani, Keivan SEIZURES, FEBRILE (etiology) Kanjaa, N. TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) Karakaya, Osman ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY Karami, A. LEIOMYOSARCOMA (diagnosis) Karami, Hassan NOCTURNAL ENURESIS (drug therapy) Karazincir, Sinem RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME (diagnosis) Karimi, Abbasali CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS Kariminejad, Ariana GENETIC DISEASES, INBORN (diagnosis) Karimzadeh, Parvaneh GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME (physiopathology) Karray, B. ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (surgery) Katbab, A. ANESTHESIA, GENERAL (adverse effects) Katbab, M.R. ANESTHESIA, GENERAL (adverse effects) Katchy, Kenneth Chukwuka GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE (complications) Kavakli, Ahmet REPERFUSION INJURY (therapy) Kazemnejad, Anoshirvan BREAST NEOPLASMS (genetics) Kazi, A. PREGNANCY (psychology) Kelishadi, R. CHRONIC DISEASE (prevention and control) Kezia, Devarapalli FLAVONOIDS (analysis) Khaled, Khaled A. SILYMARIN (chemical synthesis) Khalifa, Mohamed Montaser A. INSULIN RESISTANCE Khan, Abdul Waheed EXTREMITIES (injuries) Khan, Abul Fazal A. EXTREMITIES (injuries) Khan, Farhat Aziz BREAST NEOPLASMS (classification) Khan, M. Yunus ETHANOL (adverse effects) Khan, M.Y. INJECTIONS Khan, Muhammad Farid CIPROFLOXACIN (pharmacokinetics) Khan, Muhammad Khalid CIPROFLOXACIN (pharmacokinetics) Khan, N.I. STROKE (epidemiology) Khan, Naveed TUBERCULOSIS, MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT (etiology) Khan, Saleemulla BUXUS Khatala, K. TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) Khatamai, M. WOUNDS AND INJURIES (therapy) Khatoon, Hajra DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE, BACTERIAL Khawaja, M. CESAREAN SECTION (statistics and numerical data) Kheiri, S. MUMPS (epidemiology) Kheradmand, Ali MENTAL DISORDERS Khodabakhshi, B. CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES (microbiology) Kholeif, Soha F. TRAUSLOCATION, GENETIC Khomsi, F. ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) Khorashadizadeh, Mona HSP27 HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS (immunology) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   133 Khoshknab, Masoud Fallahi ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL Khosravi, Ali Reza ASPERGILLOSIS (immunology) Khosravi, Aliakbar PUBERTY Khosravi, S. HEPATITIS B VIRUS (diagnosis) Khudair, Imran E. DRUG PRESCRIPTIONS Kiani, Abdorazaagh HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL (genetics) Kibria, Golam AMBROXOL (pharmacokinetics) Koker, Mustafa Y. BRAIN ABSCESS (diagnosis) Koner, Ozge ANESTHESIA, CAUDAL (methods) Koosha, M. ACNE VULGARIS (therapy) Kosaryan, Mehrnoosh NOCTURNAL ENURESIS (drug therapy) Kose, Evren REPERFUSION INJURY (therapy) Koser, Abdulkadir ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY Koubaa, A. TAKAYASU'S ARTERITIS (complications) Kourda, M. XANTHOGRANULOMA, JUVENILE (diagnosis) Kucuk, Fulya NG-NITROARGININE METHYL ESTER (therapeutic use) Kumar, Bagepalli Srinivasa Ashok BUXUS Kumar, Gokula BREAST NEOPLASMS (classification) Kumar, R. Senthil CLAUSENA Kuradi, Laxminarayana Bairy PHENYTOIN (pharmacology) Kurt, Bulent MASTITIS (pathology) Lahidheb, D. ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY Lahmandi, Mohamed BEHCET SYNDROME (diagnosis) Lahmar Boufaroua, A. XANTHOGRANULOMA, JUVENILE (diagnosis) Lak, M. ACID-BASE IMBALANCE (etiology) Lakhdhar, R. HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR (diagnosis) Lakshman, Kuruba BUXUS Loai, Moussa RENAL ARTERY (injuries) Lodhi, Munir URINARY CATHETERIZATION (adverse effects) Logade, Nadeem A. MILLETTIA Lotfian, Elham HSP27 HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS (immunology) Luo, Ying CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR (drug therapy) M'Barki, S. METACARPUS (surgery) Maalla, R. REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY (diagnosis) METACARPUS (surgery) Maamouri, N. BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME (etiology) Maayah, Mikhled F. BRAIN INJURIES (rehabilitation) Mabrouk, Mokhtar M. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL (analysis) Maddah, Sadat Sayyed Bagher ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL Madkour, Hala I. PYRAZOLES (pharmacology) Mahapatra, Ashok K. BRAIN DEATH Mahdavi, Mehdi ASPERGILLOSIS (immunology) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   134 Mahdy, H. GALLBLADDER EMPTYING Mahfouz, A.A. INJECTIONS Mahlisha, Kazemi S. FOLIC ACID (therapeutic use) Mahmood, Asad ACALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS (complications) Mahmood, Zafar Alam COSMETICS (therapeutic use) Mahmoodi, M. OPIUM Mahrous, Hanan S. TRAUSLOCATION, GENETIC Majd, Hamid Alavi MORTALITY Majdzadeh, R. CHRONIC DISEASE (prevention and control) Makar, Samuel H. HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY (drug therapy) Makhloof, F. RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN (physiopathology) Makhlouf, T. TAKAYASU'S ARTERITIS (complications) Makinde, S.C. Olubunmi CORCHORUS Malek, Zadeh M. HEART NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Maleki Dijazi, N. FOCUS GROUPS Maleki, Mohammadreza DISASTERS Malik, Imran Bashir ACALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS (complications) Malik, Maujid Masood THIAMINE (therapeutic use) Malik, Sikandar Ali ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS Mallick, I,M. FOURNIER GANGRENE (diagnosis) Manavalan, R. CLEOME Mandal, M.D. TYPHOID FEVER (drug therapy) Mandal, S. TYPHOID FEVER (drug therapy) Mandana, Shojaiee FOLIC ACID (therapeutic use) Mandegar, Mohaamad Hossein CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS Mangoura, Safwat A. INSULIN RESISTANCE PYRAZOLES (pharmacology) Manizheh, Sayyah M. FOLIC ACID (therapeutic use) Mansourian, A.R. NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS (etiology) Mardassi, A. OTITIS EXTERNA (etiology) Marey, Ibrahim M. HEARING LOSS, SENSORINEURAL Marrakchi, Z. TONGUE (abnormalities) Marzouk, R. METACARPUS (surgery) Mas, Nuket BRAIN (anatomy and histology) Maseeh-uz-Zaman BREAST NEOPLASMS (drug therapy) Masmoudi, A. QUALITY OF LIFE Masoud, S.A. LIDOCAINE (therapeutic use) Massad, Islam M. THYMOMA (diagnosis) Mateescu, C. ARTHROPLASTY, REPLACEMENT, KNEE (methods) Mathew, Thazhumpal C. OBESITY (prevention and control) Mazaheri, Monir ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL Mazloom, Seyed Reza AFFECT Mchala, L. ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) McMillan, Catherine R. DIET IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   135 McQuaker, I.G. LYMPHOMA, NON-HODGKIN (blood) Mehdipour, Parvin BREAST NEOPLASMS (genetics) Meherzi, M.H. ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (surgery) Mehrabani, D. BREAST NEOPLASMS (mortality) CEREBRAL CORTEX (drug effects) TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) Mehrabian, A.A. COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) Mehrkhani, Farhad ASTHMA, EXERCISE-INDUCED (diagnosis) Memon, Aisha MASTITIS (diagnosis) Memon, Asif MASTITIS (diagnosis) Menif, E. BEHCET SYNDROME (diagnosis) Mercan, Arzu ANESTHESIA, CAUDAL (methods) Merchant, Anwar T. DIET Meshkat, Zahra SIMPLEXVIRUS (immunology) Metin, Ayse BRAIN ABSCESS (diagnosis) Meysamie, A. OPIUM Meziane, F. PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA (diagnosis) Mhenni, H. ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY Mhiri, M. Soui BEZOARS (diagnosis) Milaat, Waleed CHILD ABUSE Miled, I. OTITIS EXTERNA (etiology) Minhas, Liaqat Ali ETHANOL (adverse effects) Mirzakhani, M. FUNGI (isolation and purification) Mobasheri, E. NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS (etiology) Mofid, B. COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) Mohamad, Abdul Salam Othman GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE (complications) Mohamed, Gamal B. RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN (physiopathology) HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL (blood) Mohamed, Mohamed A. Azim PYRIMIDINONES (chemical synthesis) Mohamed, Mohamed F. JAUNDICE, NEONATAL Mohamed, Moustafa Mourad EPILEPSY (blood) Mohammad, Kazem MORTALITY Mohammadi, A.A. AMNION Mohammadi, Aeen EDUCATION Mohammadi, M.K. AMNION Mohammadian, Roshan N. HEART NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Mohammadjafari, Hamid NOCTURNAL ENURESIS (drug therapy) Mohammed, F. HYPEROSTOSIS, CORTICAL, CONGENITAL (genetics) Mohammed, Walaa I. STOMACH ULCER (drug therapy) Mohseni, Reza SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS (epidemiology) Mojtahedzadeh, Rita EDUCATION Molaeeian, Mansour SPERMATIC CORD TORSION (congenital) Momekov, Georgi PURINES (chemical synthesis) Moneeb, Marwa S. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL (analysis) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   136 Montazeri, A. QUALITY OF LIFE Moradi, A.R. ANALGESIA (methods) Morsi, Eman A. BRAIN DISEASES (diagnosis) Mortazavi, Fakhrossadat COPPER SULFATE (poisoning) Morteza, Ghojazadeh FOLIC ACID (therapeutic use) Mosallaei, M. NUTRITION THERAPY (utilization) Mosbah, A.F. GRANULOMA, PLASMA CELL (diagnosis) Mosbah, L. METACARPUS (surgery) Mostafa, Mostafa G. SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION (drug effects) Mostafa, Sayed A.M. OBSTETRIC LABOR, PREMATURE (epidemiology) Mostafa, Tarek A. COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS (surgery) Motlagh, M.E. CHRONIC DISEASE (prevention and control) Mousali, Yahya M. EPILEPSY (epidemiology) Mozafar, M. RECTAL NEOPLASMS (surgery) Mtaalah, M. ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) Mubarak, Heba A. SATELLITE CELLS, PERINEURONAL Mubarak, Wafaa A. SATELLITE CELLS, PERINEURONAL Mubeen, Mohammad URINARY CATHETERIZATION (adverse effects) Muhammad, Eman M.S. LARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Munir, S.M. BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME (diagnosis) Munir,Tehmina URINARY CATHETERIZATION (adverse effects) Mura kami, T. SATELLITE CELLS, PERINEURONAL Murtaza, Badar ACALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS (complications) Musavi, Seyed Mohammadali POSTERIOR LEUKOENCEPHOLOPATHY SYNDROME (diagnosis) Mushtaq, S. STROKE (epidemiology) Mzabi Regaya, S. XANTHOGRANULOMA, JUVENILE (diagnosis) Nafissi, N. WOUNDS AND INJURIES (therapy) Naghavi, Ebrahim MASTOID (surgery) Naguib, K.K. HYPEROSTOSIS, CORTICAL, CONGENITAL (genetics) Nahrevanian, Hossein NITRIC OXIDE (pharmacology) Naik, Nenavath Gopal FLAVONOIDS (analysis) Najafi, Kiomars SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS (epidemiology) Najafi, Moslem PLANT EXTRACTS (therapeutic use) Najib, K.H. URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (complications) Nakipoglu, Guldal F. MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE (rehabilitation) Nandeesh, Rudrappa BUXUS Nasir, Zafar BREAST NEOPLASMS (drug therapy) Nasr, M.R. GALLBLADDER EMPTYING Nasrabadi, Nikbakht AFFECT Nasreen, Ghazala ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS Nasser, Laila A. COFFEA (microbiology) Naveed, Abdul Khaliq THIAMINE (therapeutic use) Nayak, Pralaya K. BRAIN DEATH IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   137 Nayef, Marawan RENAL ARTERY (injuries) Naz, Afshan SHOWDOMYCIN (analysis) Naz, L. STROKE (epidemiology) Naz, Samia SCURVY (diagnosis) Nazmy, Nahla A. TRAUSLOCATION, GENETIC Nazzal, Mahmoud E. BRAIN INJURIES (rehabilitation) Neirami, R. TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) Nejad, Alireza G. MENTAL DISORDERS Nekofar, Koros THERMODYNAMICS Nematy, Mohsen HSP27 HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS (immunology) Nesari, Maryam AFFECT Niaz, U. PREGNANCY (psychology) Nickavar, Bahman FRUIT Nikzad, Alireza BODY HEIGHT (analysis) Noori Dalooi, M. R. HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL (genetics) Nouira, K. BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME (etiology) BEHCET SYNDROME (diagnosis) Nouri, H. ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (surgery) Nourian, Ruhollah ASTHMA, EXERCISE-INDUCED (diagnosis) Numan, Intesar T. OSTEOARTHRITIS, KNEE (drug therapy) O'Sullivan, John HEART TRANSPLANTATION (adverse effects) Obeid, Tahir H. EPILEPSY (epidemiology) Ogefere, Helen O. HIV INFECTIONS (epidemiology) Ohtsuka, A. SATELLITE CELLS, PERINEURONAL Ojekale CORCHORUS Okasha, Sawsan H. DIABETES MELLITUS (blood) Okor, R.S. WAXES Okuyucu, Esra K. RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME (diagnosis) Olufeyimi, S. Rachael CORCHORUS Oluwole, O. Surukite CORCHORUS Omar, Abeer Aly LEUKEMIA (microbiology) Omar, Farghaly A. PREDNISONE (metabolism) Omar, Syed A. CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME (diagnosis) Ommi, Fathollah THERMODYNAMICS Omokaro, Evelyn U. HIV INFECTIONS (epidemiology) Omoregie, Richard HIV INFECTIONS (epidemiology) Omran, Faten M. STOMACH ULCER (drug therapy) PYRAZOLES (pharmacology) Onder, Neslihan SCAPHOID BONE (anatomy and histology) Oshaish, Hussein FOOD INDUSTRY Oshaish, Hussein A. BLOOD DONORS Osman, N.F. LYMPHOMA, NON-HODGKIN (blood) Ouerghi, H. BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME (etiology) Ouertatani, M. ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (surgery) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   138 Ozdemirli, Burcu ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY Ozdemirli, Metin CYSTADENOMA, MUCINOUS (diagnosis) Ozden, Hihmi SCIATIC NERVE (anatomy and histology) Ozden, Hilmi SCHIZOPHRENIA (diagnosis) NG-NITROARGININE METHYL ESTER (therapeutic use) Ozerhan, Ismail MASTITIS (pathology) Ozgirgin, Nese MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE (rehabilitation) Ozturk, Adnan SCAPHOID BONE (anatomy and histology) Ozturk, Ahmet STROKE Ozturk, Erkan MASTITIS (pathology) Ozturk, Mustafa H. BRAIN ABSCESS (diagnosis) Pal, Kamalesh COLON (abnormalities) Pal, N.K. TYPHOID FEVER (drug therapy) Panahandeh, Zahra BIRTH WEIGHT Pandey, Tarun FIBROMA (diagnosis) Panjehshahin, Mohammad Reza APOMORPHINE (pharmacology) Parimalakrishnan, S. CLEOME Parsanezhad, M.E. EXERCISE (physiology) Paul, Vijay PHENYTOIN (pharmacology) Payombarnia, A. LEIOMYOSARCOMA (diagnosis) Peivandi, M.T. PELVIS (injuries) Poorreza, Abolghasem REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION Pourhossein, M. ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC (mortality) Poushaneh, Kambiz PUBERTY Prakasam, Reddy Shetty FLAVONOIDS (analysis) Prakash, Prasanna DIET Prasad, V. Satya GARLIC Pul, Mehmet REPERFUSION INJURY (drug therapy) Qamar, Tehmina THIAMINE (therapeutic use) Qiu, Hong Mei CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR (drug therapy) Qudsieh, Suhair M. GLIOBLASTOMA (diagnosis) Quessar, A. PANCREATITIS (chemically induced) Qureshi, Naseem N. MILLETTIA Rabiee, Katayoun DEPRESSION (therapy) Rabii, R. PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA (diagnosis) Rachid, M. PANCREATITIS (chemically induced) Rady, Mervat CHILD ABUSE Rafeyan, Sima HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL (genetics) Rafi, M. Mohd CHITOSAN Rafiquzzaman, Md. CHITOSAN Ragab, Sabuh S. INTERNAL-EXTERNAL CONTROL Rahal, K. FIBROMATOSIS, AGGRESSIVE (diagnosis) ECHINOCOCCOSIS (diagnosis) Rahbar, N. BURNS (epidemiology) Raheem, Amina THIAMINE (therapeutic use) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   139 Rahgozar, Mahdi ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL Rahmani, Maryam SPERMATIC CORD TORSION (congenital) Rahmani, Shagayeg RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (etiology) Rahmanian, A. CEREBRAL CORTEX (drug effects) Raigan Shiraz, M. EXERCISE (physiology) Rajesh, S.V. CLAUSENA Rajkapoor, B. CLAUSENA Raju, K. CLAUSENA Rakei, S.M. CEREBRAL CORTEX (drug effects) Ramadan, E.M. DICLOFENAC (toxicity) Ramadan, Mohammed A. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISEASES (epidemiology) Rami, M. TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) Ramzi, M. CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS (diagnosis) Rao, Yeshwanth PHENYTOIN (pharmacology) Rasti, M. TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) Raza, Tehseen BREAST NEOPLASMS (drug therapy) Redha, Faridah SWEET SYNDROME (diagnosis) Refaiy, Abeer A.M. NEPHROTIC SYNDROME (drug therapy) Refea, Nashwa M. HEARING LOSS, SENSORINEURAL Rehman, Saira SCURVY (diagnosis) Rekik Bouraoui, W. FIBROMATOSIS, AGGRESSIVE (diagnosis) Rekik, W. XANTHOGRANULOMA, JUVENILE (diagnosis) Reza-UI Jalil AMBROXOL (pharmacokinetics) Rezaee, N. LEIOMYOSARCOMA (diagnosis) Rezaeian, M. BITES AND STINGS (epidemiology) Rezazadeh, H. FOCUS GROUPS Riazi, A. THERAPEUTICS (psychology) Riazi, H. AMNION Rizvi, Tanvir PENIS (pathology) Roostaee, Mohammad Hassan SIMPLEXVIRUS (immunology) Roshan Milam, Shiva RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC Rukh, L. STROKE (epidemiology) Saberi Firoozi, M. TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) Sabet, B. AMNION Sabokbar, Tayebeh HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL (genetics) Saboory, Ehsan RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC Sabzmakan, Leila DEPRESSION (therapy) Sachdeva, Ashok NOSE Sadeghi aliabadi, Hojjat JUNIPERUS (toxicity) Sadeghi, Babak JUNIPERUS (toxicity) Sadeghi, Hassan THYMUS PLANT Sadeghy, Mohsen Mir Mohammad DEPRESSION (therapy) Sadek, Sherif A. CHEDIAK-HIGASHI SYNDROME (diagnosis) Sadik, Nagham D. DRUG PRESCRIPTIONS IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   140 Saedi, Saeidi H. HEART NEOPLASMS (diagnosis) Saeed, Aftab COSMETICS (therapeutic use) Saeed, Asma DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE, BACTERIAL Saeed, Saira ACALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS (complications) Saeidi, Reza RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (etiology) Safarian, A. CEREBRAL CORTEX (drug effects) Safarian, Mohammad HSP27 HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS (immunology) Saghafinia, M. WOUNDS AND INJURIES (therapy) Saha, Achinto ALBIZZIA Sahebkar, Amirhossein HSP27 HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS (immunology) Sahin, Bunyamin SCHIZOPHRENIA (diagnosis) Said, Hala M. JAUNDICE, NEONATAL Said, Hala Muteed DIABETES MELLITUS (blood) Saidi, Yosri Md. TAKAYASU'S ARTERITIS (complications) Sajedianfard, Javad APOMORPHINE (pharmacology) Salameh, P. CONTRACEPTION SMOKING (trends) Saleem, Saira BREAST NEOPLASMS (radiography) Saleh, Ashraf Othman HEARING LOSS, SENSORINEURAL Saleh, Kamel A. ABO BLOOD-GROUP SYSTEM Salehi, M. THYROID GLAND (abnormalities) Salem, Z. BITES AND STINGS (epidemiology) Salimnejad, M. FOCUS GROUPS Salman, Akgun E. DEXMEDETOMIDINE (therapeutic use) Salman, Mehmet A. DEXMEDETOMIDINE (therapeutic use) Salman, Nevriye DEXMEDETOMIDINE (therapeutic use) Samy, E.M. CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITORS (chemical synthesis) Sanei Moghaddam, E. HEPATITIS B VIRUS (diagnosis) Sarhan, Hatem DICLOFENAC (chemical synthesis) Sarhan, Mohammed A. ABO BLOOD-GROUP SYSTEM Sari Aslani, F. OSTEOBLASTOMA (diagnosis) Sarsilmaz, Mustafa REPERFUSION INJURY (therapy) Sathish, Thadikamala FLAVONOIDS (analysis) Sathya, Kancherla FLAVONOIDS (analysis) Savci, Cemile PARKINSON DISEASE Sayed, Manal M. MYOCARDITIS (drug therapy) Sayed, Mohammad M. NEPHROTIC SYNDROME (drug therapy) Sayed, Ramadan SATELLITE CELLS, PERINEURONAL Sayin, Murat M. ANESTHESIA, CAUDAL (methods) Sbai, H. TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) Sbai, M.A. REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY (diagnosis) METACARPUS (surgery) Sedaghat, M. OPIUM Sedaghat, Mojtaba CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS Sellami, S. METACARPUS (surgery) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   141 Sen, Bilge H. PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT Senan, Sevda BRAIN (anatomy and histology) Sendir, Merdiye PARKINSON DISEASE Sengul, Memnune PLANTS, MEDICINAL (microbiology) Sensoy, Gulnar BRAIN ABSCESS (diagnosis) Seoud, Iman JAUNDICE, NEONATAL Seoudiy, Tarek M. BRAIN DISEASES (diagnosis) Sethom, A. OTITIS EXTERNA (etiology) Sevinc, Ozdemir SCIATIC NERVE (anatomy and histology) Shaban, H. INJECTIONS Shafiq-ur-Rehman MASTITIS (diagnosis) Shah, Mian Munawar ACHILLES TENDON (injuries) Shahidi, Sh.S. TUBERCULOSIS (diagnosis) Shaker, M. GALLBLADDER EMPTYING Shamsabadi, Farhad Mahvelati GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME (physiopathology) Shamsmohamadi, M. FOCUS GROUPS Sharif, Muhammad Ashraf ACALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS (complications) Sharifi Mood, B. HEPATITIS B VIRUS (diagnosis) Shehata, Samir BREAST NEOPLASMS (economics) Sheikh, Muhammad Kamil BREAST NEOPLASMS (classification) Sheikh, Saba Munib HEPATITIS B (diagnosis) Sheikholeslami, N.Z. BITES AND STINGS (epidemiology) Sheki, Ali A. DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES (diagnosis) Shirazi, Maryam SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS (epidemiology) Shirkhedkar, Atul A. PHOSPHONIC ACIDS (analysis) Shishegar, M. OSTEOBLASTOMA (diagnosis) Shiva, Siamak BODY HEIGHT (analysis) Shoukri, M. EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL Shrivastava, Narendra M. MILLETTIA Shubair, M.E. DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS VACCINE Sidhom, J. TAKAYASU'S ARTERITIS (complications) Sirmatel, Fatma HEPATITIS B, CHRONIC (psychology) Slama, A. GRANULOMA, PLASMA CELL (diagnosis) Smeet, Rania I. MISOPROSTOL (therapeutic use) Smith, Sarah F. GLIOBLASTOMA (diagnosis) Sobhiyeh, M.R. RECTAL NEOPLASMS (surgery) Sofikerim, Mustafa ANESTHETICS, LOCAL (administration and dosage) Sohrabi, M.R. COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) Sohrabi, Nooshin ASPERGILLOSIS (immunology) Soleimanjahi, Hoorieh SIMPLEXVIRUS (immunology) Soliman, Hazem Hamed AORTIC COARCTATION (diagnosis) Sonmez, Sule PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT Sorour, Khalid Ali AORTIC COARCTATION (diagnosis) Souguir, A. BEZOARS (diagnosis) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   142 Souissi, M. METACARPUS (surgery) Soyuer, Ferhan STROKE Sozubir, Selami ANESTHESIA, CAUDAL (methods) Sultan, Baseer BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME (diagnosis) Surana, Sanjay J. PHOSPHONIC ACIDS (analysis) Swamy, Vantoor Byrappa Narayana BUXUS Syed, Shakir ACHILLES TENDON (injuries) Tabei, S.Z. BREAST NEOPLASMS (mortality) Tabei, Z. THERAPEUTICS (psychology) Tabesh, H. LIDOCAINE (therapeutic use) Tabib, M. REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY (diagnosis) Tabibi, Seyed Jamaledin DISASTERS Tadmouri, Ghazi O. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH Taghdiri, Mohammad Mehdi POSTERIOR LEUKOENCEPHOLOPATHY SYNDROME (diagnosis) Taherian, Abbas Ali THYMUS PLANT Talebi Taher, Mahshid SEIZURES, FEBRILE (etiology) Tang, Wei Xue CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR (drug therapy) Taregh, S.H. ANESTHESIA, GENERAL (adverse effects) Tariq, Marium PLACENTA ACCRETA (diagnosis) Tavallaie, Shima HSP27 HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS (immunology) Tawadrous, Gamil A. DIABETES MELLITUS (blood) Tawfeek, Hesham M. CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITORS (chemical synthesis) Tawfitt, Maha A.M. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISEASES (epidemiology) Tazi, I. PANCREATITIS (chemically induced) Tazi, M.A. HYPERTENSION (epidemiology) Tebianian, Majid ASPERGILLOSIS (immunology) Tebib, M. METACARPUS (surgery) Tekdemir, Ibrahim SCIATIC NERVE (anatomy and histology) Tekin, Neslihan NG-NITROARGININE METHYL ESTER (therapeutic use) Tomerak, Rania H. HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY (drug therapy) JAUNDICE, NEONATAL Tonekaboni, Seyed Hasan GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME (physiopathology) Tootoonchi, Parichehr GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Torabian, Saadat CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS Tosun, Zeynep ANESTHETICS, LOCAL (administration and dosage) Tufan, Turgut MASTITIS (pathology) Tunc, Tugba RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME (diagnosis) Tuncel, Murvet BRAIN (anatomy and histology) Ture, Hatice ANESTHESIA, CAUDAL (methods) Turki, I. BEHCET SYNDROME (diagnosis) Uhumwangho, M.U. WAXES Umit, Hasan C. REPERFUSION INJURY (drug therapy) Unalan, Demet STROKE IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   143 Usmanghani, Khan COSMETICS (therapeutic use) Ustuner, Mehmet C. NG-NITROARGININE METHYL ESTER (therapeutic use) Uzun, Hafize REPERFUSION INJURY (drug therapy) Uzun, Sennur DEXMEDETOMIDINE (therapeutic use) Vafaei, Abbas Ali THYMUS PLANT Vahid, Khoori REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION Vahidi, R.G. FOCUS GROUPS Vaid, Faiyaz H.M. BENZOIC ACID (analysis) Vakili, M.A. BREAST NEOPLASMS (mortality) NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS (etiology) Vakili, Rahim HSP27 HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS (immunology) Vali, A. ACNE VULGARIS (therapy) Vasei, M. THYROID GLAND (abnormalities) Vattoth, Surjith FIBROMA (diagnosis) Verdian rizi, Mohammadreza LAURUS Wahab, Fazli TUBERCULOSIS, MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT (etiology) Wahabi Moghadam, Masroor MASTOID (surgery) Wahbi, Abdel Aziz M. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL (analysis) Waked, M. SMOKING (trends) Warda, M.H. OROPHARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS (epidemiology) Wehnert, Manfred S. GENETIC DISEASES, INBORN (diagnosis) Weihua, Tian PLANT EXTRACTS (therapeutic use) Xingming, Ma. PLANT EXTRACTS (therapeutic use) Yagci, Gokhan MASTITIS (pathology) Yaghobi, R. CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS (diagnosis) Yang, Jun Xia CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR (drug therapy) Yanping, Luo PLANT EXTRACTS (therapeutic use) Yasin, Malik Amjad ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS Yaylak, Faik NG-NITROARGININE METHYL ESTER (therapeutic use) Yazdanie, Nazia ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA (diagnosis) Yazdanpanahi, Z. EXERCISE (physiology) Yildiz, Hilal PLANTS, MEDICINAL (microbiology) Ying, Deng PLANT EXTRACTS (therapeutic use) Yousefi, Azizollah ASTHMA, EXERCISE-INDUCED (diagnosis) Yousefi, Behpour TRETINOIN (adverse effects) Youssef, A. GRANULOMA, PLASMA CELL (diagnosis) Youssef, Adel F. PREDNISONE (metabolism) Youssef, Hala R. INTERNAL-EXTERNAL CONTROL Zaalouni, I. REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY (diagnosis) ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (surgery) Zafer, Mubarak H. ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL (complications) Zaghian, N. ACNE VULGARIS (therapy) Zahid, Muhammad EXTREMITIES (injuries) IMEMR Current Contents Author Index   144 Zaihd, Rabail COSMETICS (therapeutic use) Zaimi, S. HYPERTENSION (epidemiology) Zaki, Aly Omar AORTIC COARCTATION (diagnosis) Zarei, Asghar PATIENT RIGHTS Zarrabi, Homa SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS (epidemiology) Zeinali, Ramezan REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION Zeinaloo, Ali Akbar HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL (genetics) Zeineldin, A. LYMPHOMA, NON-HODGKIN (blood) Zen aldeen, E.A. KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE (chemistry) Zeybek, Fatma G. SCAPHOID BONE (anatomy and histology) Zhi, Song TUBERCULOSIS, MENINGEAL (drug therapy) Ziaee, Vahid ASTHMA, EXERCISE-INDUCED (diagnosis) Zoha, S.M.S. COSMETICS (therapeutic use) Zubair, Misbah COSMETICS (therapeutic use)   Appendix II List of EMR Journals Indexed in IMEMR Current Contents September 2009 Vol. 8 No. 3

IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   147 Egypt [82] Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics [19] Assiut Medical Journal [19] Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University [16] EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal [28] Islamic Republic of Iran [42] Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences [8] Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention [8] Iranian Journal of Pediatrics [15] Payesh - Health Monitor [11] Kuwait [16] KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal [16] Pakistan [46] JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan [20] Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences [6] Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [20] Saudi Arabia [67] Neurosciences [28] Saudi Medical Journal [28] SPJ - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal [11] Tunisia [17] Maghreb Medical [17] United Arab Emirates [23] IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal [23]

   Appendix III List of EMR Journals Indexed in IMEMR (by country)

IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   151 BAHRAIN (3) Arab Journal for Food and Nutrition 1608-8352 Bahrain Medical Bulletin 1012-8298 JBMS - Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 1015-6321 EGYPT (126) AAMJ - Al-Azhar Assiut Medical Journal * 1687-1693 African Journal of Urology 1110-5704 Afro - Arab Liver Journal 1687-224X Ain-Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology * 1687-1030 Ain-Shams Medical Journal 0002-2144 AJAIC - Alexandria Journal of Anaesthesia and Insentive Care N/A Al Azhar Medical Journal 1110-0400 Al-Azhar Journal of Dental Science * N/A Alexandria Dental Journal * 1110-015X Alexandria Journal of Food Science and Technology N/A Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics N/A Alexandria Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences * 1110-1792 Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Science * 1110-2047 Alexandria Medical Journal [The] * 0516-5849 Annals of Pediatric Surgery 1687-4137 Arab Journal of Biotechnology 1110-6875 Arab Journal of Laboratory Medicine [The] 1110-1822 Applied Endocrinology in Egypt 1110-1776 ASJOG - Ain Shams Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology * 1687-2193 ASNJ - Alexandria Scientific Nursing Journal N/A Assiut Medical Journal 1110-0494 New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   152 Assiut University Bulletin for Environmental Researches 1110-6107 Benha Medical Journal 1110-208X Bulletin of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine 1110-0834 Bulletin of Alexandria Thoracic Association * N/A Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy - Cairo University 1110-0931 Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy - Cairo University 1110-6611 Bulletin of High Institute of Public Health 1110-0036 Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 1110-0052 Bulletin of the Faculty of Science - University of Alexandria * 0568-9619 Bulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt N/A Bulletin of the National Research Centre 1110-0591 Bulletin of the Ophthalmological Society of Egypt * 1110-0982 Childhood and Development Quarterly * 1110-8681 Clinical Diabetes 0891-8929 Eastern Mediterranean Region Drugs Digest 1040-2312 Eastern Mediterranean Region Epidemiological Bulletin 1014-2347 EDJ - Egyptian Dental Journal 0070-9484 Egyptian Heart Journal [The] 1110-2608 Egyptian Journal of Anatomy [The] * 1110-2144 Egyptian Journal of Biomedical Engineering * 1012-5558 Egyptian Journal of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering 1110-8525 Egyptian Journal of Bronchology [The] 1687-8426 Egyptian Journal of Chemistry 0449-2285 Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine 1110-1865 Egyptian Journal of Dermatology and Andrology * 1110-7650 Egyptian Journal of Diabetes [The] N/A Egyptian Journal of Food Science 1110-0613 New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   153 Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology * N/A Egyptian Journal of Histology [The] 1110-0559 Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine [The] 1687-2002 Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics [The] 1110-8630 Egyptian Journal of Medical Laboratory Sciences 1110-5593 Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology * 1110-2179 Egyptian Journal of Microbiology 0022-2704 Egyptian Journal of Neonatology [The] * N/A Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery [The] 1110-1083 Egyptian Journal of Nutrition N/A Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Health N/A Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine * 1110-1881 Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology [The] 1687-1642 Egyptian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [The] 0301-5068 Egyptian Journal of Physiological Sciences * 0301-8660 Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry [The] * 1110-1105 Egyptian Journal of Schistosomiasis and Infectious and Endemic Diseases 1110-7278 Egyptian Journal of Surgery [The] * 1110-1121 Egyptian Journal of Urology * 1110-5712 Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science 1110-0222 Egyptian Medical Journal of the National Research Center * 1687-1278 Egyptian Orthodontic Journal * N/A Egyptian Orthopaedic Journal [The] 1110-1148 Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal [National Research Center] 1687-4315 Egyptian Population and Family Planning Review [The] N/A Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation 1110-161X Egyptian Science Magazine [The] 1687-3815 New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   154 EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 1687-1502 EJENTAS - Egyptian Journal of ENT and Allied Sciences * 2090-0740 El-Minia Medical Bulletin * 1110-2446 EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 1020-3397 EMJ - Egyptian Medical Journal [The] 1110-0095 Gazette of the Egyptian Paediatric Association [The] * 1110-6638 Health Services Journal of the Eastern Mediterranean Region * 1014-9899 JESN - Journal of the Egyptian Society of Nephrology N/A Journal of Childhood Studies N/A Journal of Drug Research of Egypt 0085-2406 Journal of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases * 1110-0796 Journal of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences[The] 1110-6468 Journal of the Arab Society for Medical Research 1687-4293 Journal of the Egyptian Medical Association [The] * 0013-2411 Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute 1110-0362 Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association [The] N/A Journal of the Egyptian Society of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes [The] N/A Journal of the Egyptian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology [The] * 0258-3216 Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 1110-0583 Journal of the Egyptian Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics [The] * N/A Journal of the Egyptian Society of Toxicology 1110-127X Journal of the Medical Research Institute - Alexandria University * 1110-0133 JPC - Journal of Pediatric Club N/A Kasr El Aini Journal of Surgery N/A Kidney Forum * 1369-3050 Mansoura Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1110-1318 Mansoura Medical Journal 1110-211X IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   155 Medical Journal of Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital [The] * N/A Medical Journal of Cairo University [The] 0045-3803 Medical Journal of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes [The] * 1110-2039 Minoufia Medical Journal 1110-2098 MJFCT - Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology * 1110-5437 National Cancer Institute Journal 0027-8874 Neonatology * 1687-0492 New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The] 1110-1946 Pan Arab Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma [The] 1607-4912 Population Researches and Studies N/A Population Sciences * N/A Population Studies * 1110-1342 PUJ - Parasitologists United Journal 1687-7942 Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty [Girls] [The] * 1110-2381 Scientific Medical Journal 1110-5607 South Valley Medical Journal 1110-7529 Suez Canal University Medical Journal 1110-6999 Tanta Medical Journal * 1110-1415 Tanta Medical Sciences Journal 1687-5788 Veterinary Medical Journal 1110-1423 Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 1687-160X Zagazig Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences * 1110-5089 Zagazig Medical Association Journal * 1110-2322 Zagazig University Medical Journal * 1110-1431 IRAQ (29) Al-Kindy College Medical Journal 1810-9543 Almustansiriya Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences * 1815-0993 IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   156 Annals of the College of Medicine – Mosul * 0027-1446 Basrah Journal of Surgery * N/A Bulletin of Endemic Diseases – Baghdad * 0007-4845 DMJ – Dohuk Medical Journal N/A IMJ - Iraqi Medical Journal 0304-4564 IOJ - Iraqi Orthodontic Journal 1816-0581 IPMJ - Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal * 1608-8360 Iraqi Army Medical Journal * N/A Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology * N/A Iraqi Journal of Community Medicine * 1684-5382 Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences * 1681-6579 Iraqi Journal of Microbiology * N/A Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences * N/A Iraqi Journal of Tropical Disease Researches * 1814-0823 Journal of Basic and Medical Sciences * 1608-6015 Journal of Community Medicine * N/A Journal of Dohuk University * 1812-7568 Journal of Karbala University * 1813-0410 Journal of the College of Dentistry – Baghdad * N/A Journal of the Faculty of Medicine - Baghdad 0041-9419 Kufa Medical Journal * N/A Medical Journal of Basrah University [The] 0253-0759 Medical Journal of Tikrit University [The] * N/A New Iraqi Journal of Medicine [The] 1917-5562 Risafa Medical Journal * N/A Scientific Nursing Journal N/A Zanco Journal for Medical Sciences * N/A IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   157 ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN (128) Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 Advances in Cognitives Sciences * 1561-4174 Archives of Iranian Medicine 1029-2977 Armaghane-danesh 1728-6506 ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal 1735-3955 Audiology 1735-1936 Bina Journal of Ophthalmology 1026-6399 Blood 1027-9520 DARU - Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1560-8115 DENA - Quarterly Journal of Yasuj Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery 1735-8450 DRJ - Dental Research Journal 1735-3327 Endovascular Journal 2008-1812 Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Quarterly - Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 1605-8941 Govaresh 1560-7186 HAKIM Research Journal 1561-252X HAYAT - The Journal of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery 1735-2215 Health Information Management 1735-1847 Hepatitis Monthly 1735-143X Homa-ye-Salamat N/A Hormozgan Medical Journal 1735-2223 IBJ - Iranian Biomedical Journal 1028-852X IEJ - Iranian Endodontic Journal 1735-7497 IJCN - Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 1735-4668 IJEM - Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 1683-4844 IJHOBMT - International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation* 1735-1243 New New New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   158 IJI – Iranian Journal of Immunology 1735-1383 IJKD – Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases 1735-8582 IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education * 1608-9359 IJMS - Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences 0253-0716 IJO - Iranian Journal of Orthodontics 1735-5087 IJPR - Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research * 1735-0328 International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 1726-9148 International Journal of Environmental Research 1735-6865 International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 1735-1472 Iran Journal of Nursing 1025-0581 Iranian Cardiovascular Research Journal 1735-885X Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 Iranian Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 1735-7179 Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 1608-6015 Iranian Journal of Biotechnology 1728-3043 Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention 2008-2398 Iranian Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases N/A Iranian Journal of Dermatology 0021-082X Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders 1726-7544 Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 1735-1979 Iranian Journal of Epidemiology N/A Iranian Journal of Fertility and Sterility 1735-8094 Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2008-2029 Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology 1735-8612 Iranian Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1681-2824 Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research [IJNMR] 1735-9066 New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   159 Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology 1735-7756 Iranian Journal of Obstetric, Gynecology and Infertility [The] N/A Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 1735-4153 Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 1560-1293 Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 1018-4406 Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences 1735-8639 Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology (ANDEESHEH VA RAFTAR) 1024-0047 Iranian Journal of Public Health 0304-4556 Iranian Journal of Radiation Research 1728-4554 Iranian Journal of Radiology 1735-1065 Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine N/A Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 1728-1997 Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 1735-3602 JDT - Journal of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1735-2150 JMR - Journal of Medical Research * 1728-1962 Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences - Rahavard Danesh N/A Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences 1561-4107 Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects N/A Journal of Dentistry - Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1024-641X Journal of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 1728-3426 Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health 1028-6918 Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences 1562-4765 Journal of Health Administration N/A Journal of Hygiene and Health 1735-2363 Journal of Isfahan Dental School 1735-255X IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   160 Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 Journal of Islamic Dental Association of Iran [The] 1024-6428 Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences 1023-9510 Journal of Mashad Dental School 1560-9286 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 1561-4123 Journal of Medical Council of Islamic Republic of Iran 1562-1073 Journal of Medical Education N/A Journal of Medicinal Plants 1684-0240 Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research 2008-2010 Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Health Services [The] 1561-3666 Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences 1735-3165 Journal of Rehabilitation 1607-2960 Journal of Research in Health Sciences (JRHS) 1682-2765 Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 1735-5311 Journal of Sabzevar School of Medical Sciences 1606-7487 Journal of Shaheed Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 1562-272X Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 1735-1448 Journal of Tehran University Heart Center [The] 1735-5370 Journal of Veterinary Research 1022-646X Journal of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences 1735-076X Journal of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 1606-9366 Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology (JJM) N/A JRMS - Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 1735-1995 KOOMESH - Journal of Semnan University of Medical Sciences 1608-7046 Medical Journal of Mashad University of Medical Sciences N/A Medical Journal of Reproduction and Infertility 1726-7536 Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 1608-5671 New New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   161 Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran * 1016-1430 Medical Sciences Journal of Islamic Azad University 1023-5922 Modares Journal of Medical Sciences 1562-9554 Nursing and Midwifery Research 1753-5001 Payesh – Health Monitor 1680-7626 Pejouhandeh: Bimonthly Research Journal 1735-1022 Qom University of Medical Sciences 1735-7799 Quarterly Journal of Medical Ethics N/A Salmand: Iranian Journal of Aging 1735-806X Scientific and Research Journal of Army University of Medical Sciences – J.A.U.M.S 1727-1789 Scientific Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 1560-652X Scientific Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research 1735-7586 Shaheed Beheshti University Dental Journal 1735-7683 SHAMS - Journal of Medical Sciences N/A Social Welfare Quarterly N/A Strides in Development of Medical Education 1735-4242 Tanaffos 1735-0344 Tehran University Medical Journal [TUMJ] 1735-7322 Toloo-e-Behdasht 1728-5127 Urology Journal 1735-1308 Yafteh Journal 1563-0773 Yakhteh Medical Journal 1561-4921 JORDAN (7) Arab Journal of Psychiatry [The] 1016-8923 Dirasat 1026-3772 IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   162 Jordan Medical Journal 0446-9283 Journal of the Royal Medical Services N/A Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences 1016-3360 Pan Arab Medical Journal * N/A Population Bulletin of ESCWA * 0258-1914 KUWAIT (4) Bulletin of the Kuwait Institute for Medical Specialization N/A KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 0023-5776 Medical Arabization N/A Medical Principles and Practice 1011-7571 LEBANON (9) ACES - Actualites Cliniques et Scientifiques 1683-8068 AJU – Arab Journal of Urology N/A Arab Dental Journal * N/A JLDA - Journal of the Lebanese Dental Association 1810-9632 Journal of the Arab Neonatology Forum * 1812-1756 Lebanese Science Journal 1561-3410 LMJ - Lebanese Medical Journal 0023-9852 Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology 0544-0440 Middle East Journal of Family Medicine N/A LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRYA (5) Garyounis Medical Journal * 0254-7198 JMJ - Jamahiriya Medical Journal N/A Libyan Journal of Infectious Diseases [The] N/A LJM - Libyan Journal of Medicine 1819-6357 Tabib Attifil Alarabi * N/A IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   163 MOROCCO (6) Bulletin Epidemiologique * 0851-8238 Journal du Practicien * 1113-5667 Maroc Medical 0025-4053 Revue Marocaine de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Traumatologique N/A Revue Marocaine de Medecine et de Sante 0251-0758 Revue Marocaine des Maladies de L'Enfant * N/A OMAN (3) Oman Journal of Ophthalmology 0974-620X Oman Medical Journal N/A SQUMJ - Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal 1029-4066 PAKISTAN (65) Annals Abbassi Shaheed Hospital and Karachi Medical and Dental College 1563-3241 Annals of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre – Karachi * N/A Annals of King Edward Medical College 1684-6680 Bahria Journal of Professional Psychology 1816-0840 Biomedica N/A Challenge - Quarterly [The] * 0528-7944 Community Medicine * 0301-7265 Diabetes Digest 1369-7501 GJMS – Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 1819-7973 Hamdard Medicus 0250-7188 Infectious Disease Journal of Pakistan 1027-0299 International Journal of Pathology 1810-0155 JAMC - Journal of Ayub Medical College - Abbotabad - Pakistan 1025-9589 JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 1022-386X JDUHS - Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences 1995-2198 New New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   164 JLUMHS - Journal of the Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences 1729-0341 JMS - Journal of Medical Sciences N/A JOPDAK - Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association Karachi * N/A Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences N/A Journal of Medical Sciences 1682-4474 Journal of Nephrology Urology and Transplantation * N/A Journal of Surgery [The] * 1681-4517 JPAD - Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists 1560-9014 JPDA - Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association 1680-2292 JPIMS - Journal of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences * 1683-6928 JPMA - Journal of Pakistan Medical Association 0030-9982 JPMI - Journal of Postgraduate Medicale Institute 1013-5472 JPPS - Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society 1726-8710 JSP - Journal of Surgery Pakistan International 1817-0242 Lahore Journal of Public Health * N/A Medical Channel 1681-5491 Medical Forum Monthly 1029-385X Medical Spectrum [The] * 0254-8534 Medicine Today 1813-9876 Mother and Child * 0379-2617 PAFMJ - Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 0030-9648 Pakistan Heart Journal * 0048-2706 Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry * 0300-8185 Pakistan Journal of Chest Medicine N/A Pakistan Journal of Clinical Psychology 1019-438X Pakistan Journal of Community Medicine [The] * N/A Pakistan Journal of Health * N/A IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   165 Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Services 1996-7195 Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 1682-024X Pakistan Journal of Neurology * N/A Pakistan Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology N/A Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology 0886-3067 Pakistan Journal of Orthodontics, Pediatric and Community Dentistry * 1608-134X Pakistan Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 0257-4985 Pakistan Journal of Pathology N/A Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1011-601X Pakistan Journal of Pharmacology 0255-7088 Pakistan Journal of Physiology 1819-270X Pakistan Journal of Psychology 0030-9869 Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research * 0030-9885 Pakistan Medical Journal * 0031-000X Pakistan Ophthalmology * 0259-3661 Pakistan Oral and Dental Journal 1012-8700 Pakistan Paediatric Journal 0304-4904 PJC - Pakistan Journal of Cardiology 1016-1244 PJMR - Pakistan Journal of Medical Research 0030-9842 PJS - Pakistan Journal of Surgery 0258-8552 Proceedings N/A Professional Medical Journal - Quarterly [The] 1024-8919 RMJ - Rawal Medical Journal 0303-5212 PALESTINE (3) Al-Quds Medical Journal * N/A Annals of Alquds Medicine 1815-2643 PMJ - Palestinian Medical Journal N/A IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   166 QATAR (4) Gulf Journal of Dermatology and Venereology [The] * N/A Heart Views 1995-705X JEMTAC – Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma & Acute Care 1995-4522 Qatar Medical Journal 0253-8253 SAUDI ARABIA (25) Annals of Saudi Medicine 0256-4947 Annals of Thoracic Medicine 1817-1737 Hematology, Oncology and stem Cell Therapy 1658-3876 Joint Centre for Research in Prosthetics and Orthotics [The] * N/A Journal of Family and Community Medicine 1319-1683 Journal of Infection and Public Health 1876-0341 Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 1658-3612 Journal of King Abdulaziz University - Medical Sciences * 1319-1004 Journal of the Saudi Heart Association 1319-9218 MEJO - Middle East Journal of Ophthalmolgy * N/A Neurosciences N/A Pan Arab Journal of Neurosurgery 1319-6995 Rehabilitation International * N/A Research Centre Bulletin * 1019-5335 Saudi Epidemiology Bulletin 1319-3965 Saudi Heart Journal * 1018-077X Saudi Journal of Disability and Rehabilitation * 1319-6499 Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology [The] 1319-3767 Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology 1319-4534 Saudi Journal of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery [The] * 1319-8491 Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine [The] * 1319-6308 IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   167 Saudi Medical Journal 0379-5284 SDJ - Saudi Dental Journal [The] 1013-9052 SGH Medical Journal 1658-2489 SPJ - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 1319-0164 SUDAN (9) Gezira Journal of Health Sciences N/A JMJ - Juba Medical Journal * N/A Khartoum Pharmacy Journal * N/A Omdurman Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences N/A Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences N/A Sudan Medical Journal * 0491-4481 Sudan Medical Monitor 1858-5000 Sudanese Journal of Dermatology N/A Sudanese Journal of Public Health N/A SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC (9) Al-Majallah Al-Tibbiya Al-Arabiayh * N/A Arab Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1683-0369 Arabic Journal of Forensic Medicine and Criminal Science N/A Damascus University Journal for Health Sciences N/A JISHIM - Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine 1303-667X Journal of Clinical Laboratory [The] N/A Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 1561-0217 Journal of the Arab Dentist * N/A Research Journal of Aleppo University - Medical Sciences Series N/A TUNISIA (9) Archives de l'Institut Pasteur de Tunis 0020-2509 Cahier Medicaux de Tunisie * 0300-5291 IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   168 IDEES - Revue de Perfectionnement Medical et Paramedical * N/A Maghreb Medical 0330-258X Revue Maghrebine de Pediatrie [La] 0330-7611 Revue Maghrebine d'Endocrinologie - Diabete et de Reproduction [La] * N/A Revue Tunisienne d'Infectiologie N/A SST - Sante et Securite au Travail N/A Tunisie Medicale [La] 0041-4131 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (3) Emirates Medical Journal 0250-6882 International Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism 1606-7754 IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 1561-4395 YEMEN (7) Journal of Tropical Nephro-Urology N/A Sana'a University Medical Journal * N/A University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1606-8947 Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences [The] * N/A YHMRJ - Yemeni Health and Medical Research Journal N/A YJMHR-Yemeni Journal of Medical and Health Research * N/A YMJ - Yemen Medical Journal * N/A * No issues received since 2005 Last update September 2009    Appendix IV List of EMR Journals Indexed in IMEMR (by title)

IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   171 No. Journal Title ISSN 1 AAMJ - Al-Azhar Assiut Medical Journal * 1687-1693 2 ACES - Actualites Cliniques et Scientifiques 1683-8068 3 Acta Medica Iranica 0044-6025 4 Advances in Cognitives Sciences * 1561-4174 5 African Journal of Urology 1110-5704 6 Afro - Arab Liver Journal 1687-224X 7 Ain-Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology* 1687-1030 8 Ain-Shams Medical Journal 0002-2144 9 AJAIC - Alexandria Journal of Anaesthesia and Insentive Care N/A 10 AJU – Arab Journal of Urology N/A 11 Al Azhar Medical Journal 1110-0400 12 Al-Azhar Journal of Dental Science * N/A 13 Alexandria Dental Journal * 1110-015X 14 Alexandria Journal of Food Science and Technology N/A 15 Alexandria Journal of Pediatrics N/A 16 Alexandria Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences * 1110-1792 17 Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Science * 1110-2047 18 Alexandria Medical Journal [The] * 0516-5849 19 Al-Kindy College Medical Journal 1810-9543 20 Al-Majallah Al-Tibbiya Al-Arabiayh * N/A 21 Almustansiriya Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences * 1815-0993 22 Al-Quds Medical Journal * N/A 23 Annals Abbassi Shaheed Hospital and Karachi Medical and Dental College 1563-3241 24 Annals of Alquds Medicine 1815-2643 25 Annals of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre – Karachi * N/A 26 Annals of King Edward Medical College 1684-6680 27 Annals of Pediatric Surgery 1687-4137 28 Annals of Saudi Medicine 0256-4947 29 Annals of the College of Medicine – Mosul * 0027-1446 30 Annals of Thoracic Medicine 1817-1737 31 Applied Endocrinology in Egypt 1110-1776 32 Arab Dental Journal * N/A 33 Arab Journal for Food and Nutrition 1608-8352 34 Arab Journal of Biotechnology 1110-6875 35 Arab Journal of Laboratory Medicine [The] 1110-1822 36 Arab Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1683-0369 37 Arab Journal of Psychiatry [The] 1016-8923 38 Arabic Journal of Forensic Medicine and Criminal Science N/A New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   172 No. Journal Title ISSN 39 Archives de l'Institut Pasteur de Tunis 0020-2509 40 Archives of Iranian Medicine 1029-2977 41 Armaghane-danesh 1728-6506 42 ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal 1735-3955 43 ASJOG - Ain Shams Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology * 1687-2193 44 ASNJ - Alexandria Scientific Nursing Journal N/A 45 Assiut Medical Journal 1110-0494 46 Assiut University Bulletin for Environmental Researches 1110-6107 47 Audiology 1735-1936 48 Bahrain Medical Bulletin 1012-8298 49 Bahria Journal of Professional Psychology 1816-0840 50 Basrah Journal of Surgery * N/A 51 Benha Medical Journal 1110-208X 52 Bina Journal of Ophthalmology 1026-6399 53 Biomedica N/A 54 Blood 1027-9520 55 Bulletin Epidemiologique * 0851-8238 56 Bulletin of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine 1110-0834 57 Bulletin of Alexandria Thoracic Association * N/A 58 Bulletin of Endemic Diseases – Baghdad * 0007-4845 59 Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy - Cairo University 1110-0931 60 Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy - Cairo University 1110-6611 61 Bulletin of High Institute of Public Health 1110-0036 62 Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Assiut University 1110-0052 63 Bulletin of the Faculty of Science - University of Alexandria * 0568-9619 64 Bulletin of the Kuwait Institute for Medical Specialization N/A 65 Bulletin of the National Nutrition Institute of the Arab Republic of Egypt N/A 66 Bulletin of the National Research Centre 1110-0591 67 Bulletin of the Ophthalmological Society of Egypt * 1110-0982 68 Cahier Medicaux de Tunisie * 0300-5291 69 Challenge - Quarterly [The] * 0528-7944 70 Childhood and Development Quarterly * 1110-8681 71 Clinical Diabetes 0891-8929 72 Community Medicine * 0301-7265 73 Damascus University Journal for Health Sciences N/A 74 DARU - Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1560-8115 75 DENA - Quarterly Journal of Yasuj Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery 1735-8450 76 Diabetes Digest 1369-7501 New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   173 No. Journal Title ISSN 77 Dirasat 1026-3772 78 N/A 79 DRJ - Dental Research Journal 1735-3327 80 Eastern Mediterranean Region Drugs Digest 1040-2312 81 Eastern Mediterranean Region Epidemiological Bulletin 1014-2347 82 EDJ - Egyptian Dental Journal 0070-9484 83 Egyptian Heart Journal [The] 1110-2608 84 Egyptian Journal of Anatomy [The] * 1110-2144 85 Egyptian Journal of Biomedical Engineering * 1012-5558 86 Egyptian Journal of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering 1110-8525 87 Egyptian Journal of Bronchology [The] 1687-8426 88 Egyptian Journal of Chemistry 0449-2285 89 Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine 1110-1865 90 Egyptian Journal of Dermatology and Andrology * 1110-7650 91 Egyptian Journal of Diabetes [The] N/A 92 Egyptian Journal of Food Science 1110-0613 93 Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology * N/A 94 Egyptian Journal of Histology [The] 1110-0559 95 Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine [The] 1687-2002 96 Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics [The] 1110-8630 97 Egyptian Journal of Medical Laboratory Sciences 1110-5593 98 Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology * 1110-2179 99 Egyptian Journal of Microbiology 0022-2704 100 Egyptian Journal of Neonatology [The] * N/A 101 Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery [The] 1110-1083 102 Egyptian Journal of Nutrition N/A 103 Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Health N/A 104 Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine * 1110-1881 105 Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology [The] 1687-1642 106 Egyptian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [The] 0301-5068 107 Egyptian Journal of Physiological Sciences * 0301-8660 108 Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry [The] * 1110-1105 109 Egyptian Journal of Schistosomiasis and Infectious and Endemic Diseases 1110-7278 110 Egyptian Journal of Surgery [The] * 1110-1121 111 Egyptian Journal of Urology * 1110-5712 112 Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science 1110-0222 113 Egyptian Medical Journal of the National Research Center * 1687-1278 114 Egyptian Orthodontic Journal * N/A New New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   174 No. Journal Title ISSN 115 Egyptian Orthopaedic Journal [The] 1110-1148 116 Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal [National Research Center] 1687-4315 117 Egyptian Population and Family Planning Review [The] N/A 118 Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation 1110-161X 119 Egyptian Science Magazine [The] 1687-3815 120 EJB - Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [The] 1687-1502 121 EJENTAS - Egyptian Journal of ENT and Allied Sciences * 2090-0740 122 El-Minia Medical Bulletin * 1110-2446 123 EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 1020-3397 124 Emirates Medical Journal 0250-6882 125 EMJ - Egyptian Medical Journal [The] 1110-0095 126 Endovascular Journal 2008-1812 127 Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Quarterly - Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 1605-8941 128 Garyounis Medical Journal * 0254-7198 129 Gazette of the Egyptian Paediatric Association [The] * 1110-6638 130 Gezira Journal of Health Sciences N/A 131 GJMS – Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 1819-7973 132 Govaresh 1560-7186 133 Gulf Journal of Dermatology and Venereology [The] * N/A 134 HAKIM Research Journal 1561-252X 135 Hamdard Medicus 0250-7188 136 HAYAT - The Journal of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery 1735-2215 137 Health Information Management 1735-1847 138 Health Services Journal of the Eastern Mediterranean Region * 1014-9899 139 Heart Views 1995-705X 140 Hematology, Oncology and stem Cell Therapy 1658-3876 141 Hepatitis Monthly 1735-143X 142 Homa-ye-Salamat N/A 143 Hormozgan Medical Journal 1735-2223 144 IBJ - Iranian Biomedical Journal 1028-852X 145 IDEES - Revue de Perfectionnement Medical et Paramedical * N/A 146 IEJ - Iranian Endodontic Journal 1735-7497 147 IJCN - Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 1735-4668 148 IJEM - Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 1683-4844 149 IJHOBMT - International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation * 1735-1243 150 IJI - Iranian Journal of Immunology 1735-1383 151 IJKD – Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases 1735-8582 New New New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   175 No. Journal Title ISSN 152 IJME - Iranian Journal of Medical Education * 1608-9359 153 IJMS - Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences 0253-0716 154 IJO - Iranian Journal of Orthodontics 1735-5087 155 IJPR - Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research * 1735-0328 156 IMJ - Iraqi Medical Journal 0304-4564 157 Infectious Disease Journal of Pakistan 1027-0299 158 International Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism 1606-7754 159 International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 1726-9148 160 International Journal of Environmental Research 1735-6865 161 International Journal of Environmental Science and Technolgy 1735-1472 162 International Journal of Pathology 1810-0155 163 IOJ - Iraqi Orthodontic Journal 1816-0581 164 IPMJ - Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal * 1608-8360 165 Iran Journal of Nursing 1025-0581 166 Iranian Cardiovascular Research Journal 1735-885X 167 Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 168 Iranian Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 1735-7179 169 Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 1608-6015 170 Iranian Journal of Biotechnology 1728-3043 171 Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention 2008-2398 172 Iranian Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases N/A 173 Iranian Journal of Dermatology 0021-082X 174 Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders 1726-7544 175 Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 1735-1979 176 Iranian Journal of Epidemiology N/A 177 Iranian Journal of Fertility and Sterility 1735-8094 178 Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2008-2029 179 Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology 1735-8612 180 Iranian Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1681-2824 181 Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research [IJNMR] 1735-9066 182 Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology 1735-7756 183 Iranian Journal of Obstetric, Gynecology and Infertility [The] N/A 184 Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology 1735-4153 185 Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 1560-1293 186 Iranian Journal of Parasitology 1735-7020 187 Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 1018-4406 188 Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 1735-4587 189 Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences 1735-8639 New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   176 No. Journal Title ISSN 190 Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology (ANDEESHEH VA RAFTAR) 1024-0047 191 Iranian Journal of Public Health 0304-4556 192 Iranian Journal of Radiation Research 1728-4554 193 Iranian Journal of Radiology 1735-1065 194 Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine N/A 195 Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 1728-1997 196 Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 1735-3602 197 Iraqi Army Medical Journal * N/A 198 Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology * N/A 199 Iraqi Journal of Community Medicine * 1684-5382 200 Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences * 1681-6579 201 Iraqi Journal of Microbiology * N/A 202 Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences * N/A 203 Iraqi Journal of Tropical Disease Researches * 1814-0823 204 IRCMJ - Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 1561-4395 205 JAMC - Journal of Ayub Medical College - Abbotabad - Pakistan 1025-9589 206 JBMS - Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 1015-6321 207 JCPSP - Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 1022-386X 208 JDT - Journal of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1735-2150 209 JDUHS - Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences 1995-2198 210 JESN - Journal of the Egyptian Society of Nephrology N/A 211 JISHIM - Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine 1303-667X 212 JLDA - Journal of the Lebanese Dental Association 1810-9632 213 JLUMHS - Journal of the Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences 1729-0341 214 JMJ - Jamahiriya Medical Journal N/A 215 JMJ - Juba Medical Journal * N/A 216 JMR - Journal of Medical Research * 1728-1962 217 JMS - Journal of Medical Sciences N/A 218 Joint Centre for Research in Prosthetics and Orthotics [The] * N/A 219 JOPDAK - Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association Karachi * N/A 220 Jordan Medical Journal 0446-9283 221 Journal du Practicien * 1113-5667 222 Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences - Rahavard Danesh N/A 223 Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences 1561-4107 224 Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences N/A 225 Journal of Basic and Medical Sciences * 1608-6015 226 Journal of Childhood Studies N/A IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   177 No. Journal Title ISSN 227 Journal of Clinical Laboratory [The] N/A 228 Journal of Community Medicine * N/A 229 Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects N/A 230 Journal of Dentistry - Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1024-641X 231 Journal of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 1728-3426 232 Journal of Dohuk University * 1812-7568 233 Journal of Drug Research of Egypt 0085-2406 234 Journal of Family and Community Medicine 1319-1683 235 Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health 1028-6918 236 Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences 1562-4765 237 Journal of Health Administration N/A 238 Journal of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases * 1110-0796 239 Journal of Hygiene and Health 1735-2363 240 Journal of Infection and Public Health 1876-0341 241 Journal of Isfahan Dental School 1735-255X 242 Journal of Isfahan Medical School 1027-7595 243 Journal of Islamic Dental Association of Iran [The] 1024-6428 244 Journal of Karbala University * 1813-0410 245 Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences 1023-9510 246 Journal of King Abdulaziz University - Medical Sciences * 1319-1004 247 Journal of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences[The] 1110-6468 248 Journal of Mashad Dental School 1560-9286 249 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 1561-4123 250 Journal of Medical Council of Islamic Republic of Iran 1562-1073 251 Journal of Medical Education N/A 252 Journal of Medical Sciences 1682-4474 253 Journal of Medicinal Plants 1684-0240 254 Journal of Nephrology Urology and Transplantation * N/A 255 Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research 2008-2010 256 Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences 1735-3165 257 Journal of Rehabilitation 1607-2960 258 Journal of Research in Health Sciences (JRHS) 1682-2765 259 Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 1735-5311 260 Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Health Services [The] 1561-3666 261 Journal of Sabzevar School of Medical Sciences 1606-7487 262 Journal of Shaheed Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 1562-272X 263 Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 1735-1448 264 Journal of Surgery [The] * 1681-4517 New New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   178 No. Journal Title ISSN 265 Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 1658-3612 266 Journal of Tehran University Heart Center [The] 1735-5370 267 Journal of the Arab Board of Medical Specializations 1561-0217 268 Journal of the Arab Dentist * N/A 269 Journal of the Arab Neonatology Forum * 1812-1756 270 Journal of the Arab Society for Medical Research 1687-4293 271 Journal of the College of Dentistry - aghdad * N/A 272 Journal of the Egyptian Medical Association [The] * 0013-2411 273 Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute 1110-0362 274 Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association [The] N/A 275 Journal of the Egyptian Society of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes [The] N/A 276 Journal of the Egyptian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology [The] * 0258-3216 277 Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 1110-0583 278 Journal of the Egyptian Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics [The] * N/A 279 Journal of the Egyptian Society of Toxicology 1110-127X 280 Journal of the Faculty of Medicine - Baghdad 0041-9419 281 Journal of the Medical Research Institute - Alexandria University * 1110-0133 282 Journal of the Royal Medical Services N/A 283 Journal of the Saudi Heart Association 1319-9218 284 Journal of Tropical Nephro-Urology N/A 285 Journal of Veterinary Research 1022-646X 286 Journal of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences 1735-076X 287 Journal of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 1606-9366 288 Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology (JJM) N/A 289 JPAD - Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists 1560-9014 290 JPC - Journal of Pediatric Club N/A 291 JPDA - Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association 1680-2292 292 JPIMS - Journal of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences * 1683-6928 293 JPMA - Journal of Pakistan Medical Association 0030-9982 294 JPMI - Journal of Postgraduate Medicale Institute 1013-5472 295 JPPS - Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society 1726-8710 296 JRMS - Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 1735-1995 297 JSP - Journal of Surgery Pakistan International 1817-0242 298 Kasr El Aini Journal of Surgery N/A 299 Khartoum Pharmacy Journal * N/A 300 Kidney Forum * 1369-3050 301 KMJ - Kuwait Medical Journal 0023-5776 IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   179 No. Journal Title ISSN 302 KOOMESH - Journal of Semnan University of Medical Sciences 1608-7046 303 Kufa Medical Journal * N/A 304 Lahore Journal of Public Health * N/A 305 Lebanese Science Journal 1561-3410 306 Libyan Journal of Infectious Diseases [The] N/A 307 LJM - Libyan Journal of Medicine 1819-6357 308 LMJ - Lebanese Medical Journal 0023-9852 309 Maghreb Medical 0330-258X 310 Mansoura Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1110-1318 311 Mansoura Medical Journal 1110-211X 312 Maroc Medical 0025-4053 313 Medical Arabization N/A 314 Medical Channel 1681-5491 315 Medical Forum Monthly 1029-385X 316 Medical Journal of Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital [The] * N/A 317 Medical Journal of Basrah University [The] 0253-0759 318 Medical Journal of Cairo University [The] 0045-3803 319 Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences 1016-3360 320 Medical Journal of Mashad University of Medical Sciences N/A 321 Medical Journal of Reproduction and Infertility 1726-7536 322 Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 1608-5671 323 Medical Journal of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes [The] * 1110-2039 324 Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran * 1016-1430 325 Medical Journal of Tikrit University [The] * N/A 326 Medical Principles and Practice 1011-7571 327 Medical Sciences Journal of Islamic Azad University 1023-5922 328 Medical Spectrum [The] * 0254-8534 329 Medicine Today 1813-9876 330 MEJO - Middle East Journal of Ophthalmolgy * N/A 331 Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology 0544-0440 332 JEMTAC - Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma & Acute Care 1995-4522 333 Middle East Journal of Family Medicine N/A 334 Minoufiya Medical Journal 1110-2098 335 MJFCT - Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology * 1110-5437 336 Modares Journal of Medical Sciences 1562-9554 337 Mother and Child * 0379-2617 338 National Cancer Institute Journal 0027-8874 339 Neonatology * 1687-0492 IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   180 No. Journal Title ISSN 340 Neurosciences N/A 341 New Egyptian Journal of Medicine [The] 1110-1946 342 New Iraqi Journal of Medicine [The] 1917-5562 343 Nursing and Midwifery Research 1753-5001 344 Oman Journal of Ophthalmology 0974-620X 345 Oman Medical Journal N/A 346 Omdurman Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences N/A 347 PAFMJ - Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 0030-9648 348 Pakistan Heart Journal * 0048-2706 349 Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry * 0300-8185 350 Pakistan Journal of Chest Medicine N/A 351 Pakistan Journal of Clinical Psychology 1019-438X 352 Pakistan Journal of Community Medicine [The] * N/A 353 Pakistan Journal of Health * N/A 354 Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Services 1996-7195 355 Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 1682-024X 356 Pakistan Journal of Neurology * N/A 357 Pakistan Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology N/A 358 Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology 0886-3067 359 Pakistan Journal of Orthodontics, Pediatric and Community Dentistry * 1608-134X 360 Pakistan Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 0257-4985 361 Pakistan Journal of Pathology N/A 362 Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1011-601X 363 Pakistan Journal of Pharmacology 0255-7088 364 Pakistan Journal of Physiology 1819-270X 365 Pakistan Journal of Psychology 0030-9869 366 Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research * 0030-9885 367 Pakistan Medical Journal * 0031-000X 368 Pakistan Ophthalmology * 0259-3661 369 Pakistan Oral and Dental Journal 1012-8700 370 Pakistan Paediatric Journal 0304-4904 371 Pan Arab Journal of Neurosurgery 1319-6995 372 Pan Arab Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma [The] 1607-4912 373 Pan Arab Medical Journal * N/A 374 Payesh - Health Monitor 1680-7626 375 Pejouhandeh: Bimonthly Research Journal 1735-1022 376 PJC - Pakistan Journal of Cardiology 1016-1244 377 PJMR - Pakistan Journal of Medical Research 0030-9842 New IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   181 No. Journal Title ISSN 378 PJS - Pakistan Journal of Surgery 0258-8552 379 PMJ - Palestinian Medical Journal N/A 380 Population Bulletin of ESCWA * 0258-1914 381 Population Researches and Studies N/A 382 Population Sciences * N/A 383 Population Studies * 1110-1342 384 Proceedings N/A 385 Professional Medical Journal - Quarterly [The] 1024-8919 386 PUJ - Parasitologists United Journal 1687-7942 387 Qatar Medical Journal 0253-8253 388 Qom University of Medical Sciences 1735-7799 389 Quarterly Journal of Medical Ethics N/A 390 Rehabilitation International * N/A 391 Research Centre Bulletin * 1019-5335 392 Research Journal of Aleppo University - Medical Sciences Series N/A 393 Revue Maghrebine de Pediatrie [La] 0330-7611 394 Revue Maghrebine d'Endocrinologie - Diabete et de Reproduction [La] * N/A 395 Revue Marocaine de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Traumatologique N/A 396 Revue Marocaine de Medecine et de Sante 0251-0758 397 Revue Marocaine des Maladies de L'Enfant * N/A 398 Revue Tunisienne d'Infectiologie N/A 399 Risafa Medical Journal * N/A 400 RMJ - Rawal Medical Journal 0303-5212 401 Salmand: Iranian Journal of Aging 1735-806X 402 Sana'a University Medical Journal * N/A 403 Saudi Epidemiology Bulletin 1319-3965 404 Saudi Heart Journal * 1018-077X 405 Saudi Journal of Disability and Rehabilitation * 1319-6499 406 Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology [The] 1319-3767 407 Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology 1319-4534 408 Saudi Journal of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery [The] * 1319-8491 409 Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine [The] * 1319-6308 410 Saudi Medical Journal 0379-5284 411 Scientific and Research Journal of Army University of Medical Sciences – J.A.U.M.S 1727-1789 412 Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty [Girls] [The] * 1110-2381 413 Scientific Journal of Forensic Medicine 1027-1457 414 Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 1560-652X IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   182 No. Journal Title ISSN 415 Scientific Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research 1735-7586 416 Scientific Medical Journal 1110-5607 417 Scientific Nursing Journal N/A 418 SDJ - Saudi Dental Journal [The] 1013-9052 419 SGH Medical Journal 1658-2489 420 Shaheed Beheshti University Dental Journal 1735-7683 421 SHAMS - Journal of Medical Sciences N/A 422 Social Welfare Quarterly N/A 423 South Valley Medical Journal 1110-7529 424 SPJ - Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 1319-0164 425 SQUMJ - Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal 1029-4066 426 SST - Sante et Securite au Travail N/A 427 Strides in Development of Medical Education 1735-4242 428 Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences N/A 429 Sudan Medical Journal * 0491-4481 430 Sudan Medical Monitor 1858-5000 431 Sudanese Journal of Dermatology N/A 432 Sudanese Journal of Public Health N/A 433 Suez Canal University Medical Journal 1110-6999 434 Tabib Attifil Alarabi * N/A 435 Tanaffos 1735-0344 436 Tanta Medical Journal * 1110-1415 437 Tanta Medical Sciences Journal 1687-5788 438 Tehran University Medical Journal [TUMJ] 1735-7322 439 Toloo-e-Behdasht 1728-5127 440 Tunisie Medicale [La] 0041-4131 441 University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1606-8947 442 Urology Journal 1735-1308 443 Veterinary Medical Journal 1110-1423 444 Yafteh Journal 1563-0773 445 Yakhteh Medical Journal 1561-4921 446 Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences [The] * N/A 447 YHMRJ - Yemeni Health and Medical Research Journal N/A 448 YJMHR-Yemeni Journal of Medical and Health Research * N/A 449 YMJ - Yemen Medical Journal * N/A 450 Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 1687-160X IMEMR Current Contents EMR Journals List   183 No. Journal Title ISSN 451 Zagazig Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences * 1110-5089 452 Zagazig Medical Association Journal * 1110-2322 453 Zagazig University Medical Journal * 1110-1431 454 Zanco Journal for Medical Sciences * N/A * No issues received since 2005 Last update September 2009