E- 20 20 C ou nt ry B rie f COSTA RICA After experiencing no reported cases of indigenous malaria transmission in 2015, Costa Rica noted four confirmed cases in 2016 and 12 in 2017. Despite the reoccurrence of malaria in some areas, through steadfast implementation of its national plan, the country has achieved remarkable progress in decreasing its malaria burden and putting in place alert and response capabilities. The success of Costa Rica’s activities has hinged on its overall approach of diagnosing and treating all people at risk of malaria. This includes supervised treatment and home visits by Basic Comprehensive Care Teams (EBAIS, in the Spanish acronym), who – on horseback, motorcycle, boat or foot – visit communities. The country’s network of 126 laboratories and the integration of malaria activities in the health care system have permitted the swift detection and prevention of disease outbreaks. In recognition of its progress, Costa Rica was one of three countries in the Americas to win the 2016 Malaria Champions Award, presented by the Pan American Health Organization. The award recognized the country for its success in malaria prevention and control and its push towards elimination. With elimination on the horizon, Costa Rica is ramping up surveillance to ensure early detection and treatment of all malaria cases so that once it becomes malaria-free it can maintain this status even if the disease continues outside its own borders. 12 indigenous malaria cases in 2017 13 imported malaria cases in 2017 0 malaria deaths since 2009 E- 20 20 C ou nt ry B rie f MALARIA IMPACT number of indigenous malaria cases 2010-2017 KEEPING ON COURSE Costa Rica will need to: Ensure immigrant workers have access to free malaria services at the local level. Maintain a sharp focus on elimination. As Costa Rica’s malaria activities are integrated in its health system, health staff need to maintain malaria detection skills and undergo elimination training, even as other health priorities compete for attention and resources. Continue to zero in on the areas of the country at greatest risk and monitor the various factors – ecological, social, cultural and occupational – that put people at risk of infection. This focus on ‘stratification’ will be important in achieving the elimination goal. COSTA RICA Populations at greater risk: Undocumented workers from nearby endemic countries engaged in the agricultural sector Dominant malaria species: Plasmodium vivax (100%) Number of areas (foci) with active malaria transmission: 3 Number of people at risk of malaria in these areas: 44 700 AT A GLANCE 0 50 100 150 20172016201520142013201220112010 1240006 10 110 Source: World malaria report 2018 WHO/CDS/GMP/2018.11/Costa Rica – © WHO 2018. Some rights reserved. This work is available under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.
E- 20 20 C ou nt ry B rie f COSTA RICA After experiencing no reported cases of indigenous malaria transmission in 2015, Costa Rica noted four confirmed cases in 2016 and 12 in 2017. Despite the reoccurrence of malaria in some areas, through steadfast implementation of its national plan, the country has achieved remarkable progress in decreasing its malaria burden and putting in place alert and response capabilities. The success of Costa Rica’s activities has hinged on its overall approach of diagnosing and treating all people at risk of malaria. This includes supervised treatment and home visits by Basic Comprehensive Care Teams (EBAIS, in the Spanish acronym), who – on horseback, motorcycle, boat or foot – visit communities. The country’s network of 126 laboratories and the integration of malaria activities in the health care system have permitted the swift detection and prevention of disease outbreaks. In recognition of its progress, Costa Rica was one of three countries in the Americas to win the 2016 Malaria Champions Award, presented by the Pan American Health Organization. The award recognized the country for its success in malaria prevention and control and its push towards elimination. With elimination on the horizon, Costa Rica is ramping up surveillance to ensure early detection and treatment of all malaria cases so that once it becomes malaria-free it can maintain this status even if the disease continues outside its own borders. 12 indigenous malaria cases in 2017 13 imported malaria cases in 2017 0 malaria deaths since 2009 E- 20 20 C ou nt ry B rie f MALARIA IMPACT number of indigenous malaria cases 2010-2017 KEEPING ON COURSE Costa Rica will need to: Ensure immigrant workers have access to free malaria services at the local level. Maintain a sharp focus on elimination. As Costa Rica’s malaria activities are integrated in its health system, health staff need to maintain malaria detection skills and undergo elimination training, even as other health priorities compete for attention and resources. Continue to zero in on the areas of the country at greatest risk and monitor the various factors – ecological, social, cultural and occupational – that put people at risk of infection. This focus on ‘stratification’ will be important in achieving the elimination goal. COSTA RICA Populations at greater risk: Undocumented workers from nearby endemic countries engaged in the agricultural sector Dominant malaria species: Plasmodium vivax (100%) Number of areas (foci) with active malaria transmission: 3 Number of people at risk of malaria in these areas: 44 700 AT A GLANCE 0 50 100 150 20172016201520142013201220112010 1240006 10 110 Source: World malaria report 2018 WHO/CDS/GMP/2018.11/Costa Rica – © WHO 2018. Some rights reserved. This work is available under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.