´áí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ 1. êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ëáóÇ³É ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÝ áõ Ý»ñϳ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ ........................... 3 ²ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ....................................................................................................................... 6 ¶ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ .................................................................................................................. 12 êáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñ.............................................................................................................. 18 2. ÐÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÝ áõ ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÁ .................................................................................... 26 úµÛ»ÏïÇí ËݹÇñÝ»ñ ¨ ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñ........................................................................................ 26 è³½Ù³Ï³Ý µ³ËáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨³ÝùÝ»ñÁ .............................................................................. 26 ø³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ·»ñ³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ....................................................................... 27 îñ³Ýëåáñï³ÛÇÝ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ¨ ѳÕáñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ï³ëÁ............................................. 29 лé³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ºñ¨³ÝÇó ..................................................................................................... 29 êáõµÛ»ÏïÇí åñáµÉ»ÙÝ»ñ.............................................................................................................. 31 Ò»éݳñϳïÇñ³Ï³Ý ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ å³Ï³ë.................................................................... 31 Èñ³óáõóÇã í³ñã³Ï³Ý ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñ .................................................................................... 32 γËí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ áÉáñïÝ»ñÇó ............ 33 î»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÇ å³Ï³ëÁ ............................................................................... 34 гٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ Ñ³Õáñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ï³ëÁ .................................................................................................................................................... 35 3. îÝï»ë³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÁ ...................................... 36 Ðǹñá¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ............................................................................... 36 ¼µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ ...................................................................................................................... 40 ¾É»ÏïñáÝÇϳ ¨ Ù»ù»Ý³ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ ............................................................................................ 49 ¶ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ëÝÝ¹Ç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ................................................................ 52 гÝù³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ (µ³óÇ åÕÇÝÓÝ áõ ÙáÉǵ¹»ÝÁ)............................................................... 57 î»ùëïÇÉ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ..................................................................................................... 60 سñ½Ç »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÁ ......................................................................................................... 63 ²Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÙ .......................................................................................................... 64 ²éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ ............................................................................................... 69 ø³Õ³ù³ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ...................................................................................................................... 71 4. ¼³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ............................................................ 74 سñ½³ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ç³ñÏíáÕ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ.......................................................... 74 Ü»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ Ï³ñÇùÝ»ñÁ ¨ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ............................................................... 78 ²é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ .................................................................................................................... 80 Ò»éݳñϳïÇñ³Ï³Ý ¨ ϳé³í³ñÙ³Ý ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íáõÙ ............................... 83 ì³ñã³Ï³Ý ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³óáõÙ................................................................................... 84 ²ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý µ³½Ù³½³Ý»óáõÙÁ` öØÒ-»ñÇ ËóÝÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí ............................ 85 Ðǹñá¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ËóÝáõÙÁ........................................................................ 88 гÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÇ ËóÝáõÙ......................................................................... 88 êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ÇÝï»ñÝ»ï³ÛÇÝ ¿çÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÙÁ ................................ 89 гÛïÝÇ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÇ Ý»ñ·ñ³íáõÙ............................................................................................... 89 ÀݹѳÝáõñ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ÏáÝý»é³Ýë .................................................................................. 90 î»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñ»É³íáõÙ ................................................................... 91 гٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ Ñ³Õáñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ËóÝáõÙ............................................................... 91
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 1 ¼äØÎ-ÇÝ ÏÇó í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³ÝÝ ³éÝãíáÕ ³ÛÉ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝáõÙ ................................................................................................. 92 سñ½³ÛÇÝ »ÝóϳéáõÛóÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ ..................................................................... 93 γÃݳïíáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ .............................................................................................. 95 ²Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÙ ...................................................................................................... 96 ú¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³ÝÇ í»ñ³µ³óáõÙ............................................................................................. 97 ²éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç µ³ñ»É³íáõÙ..................................................................... 99 ¶ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ëÝݳñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ............................................................... 102 êÛáõÝÇùÇ µÇ½Ý»ë Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñÇ ÇÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³É Ñ½áñ³óáõÙ ......................................... 109
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 2 1. êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ëáóÇ³É ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÝ áõ Ý»ñϳ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ
êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Á å³ïٳϳÝáñ»Ý »Õ»É ¿ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó г۳ëï³ÝÇ ³Ù»Ý³½³ñ·³ó³Í Ù³ñ½»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ: 19-ñ¹ ¹³ñÇó ëÏë³Í êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ñ³ñáõëï û·ï³Ï³ñ ѳݳÍáÝ»ñÁ, ѳïϳå»ë åÕÇÝÓÁ, ÙáÉǵ¹»ÝÁ ¨ ³í»ÉÇ ùÇã ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ áëÏÇÝ ³Û¹ ųٳݳÏÝ»ñáõÙ ³é³çÇÝ ³Ý·³Ù Ý»ñ·ñ³í»óÇÝ ³ñï»ñÏñÛ³ áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ýÇݳÝë³íáñí³Í ýñ³ÝëdzóÇ ·áñͳñ³ñÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó: γå³ÝÇ ¨ ø³ç³ñ³ÝÇ ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ѳñ³ÏÇó ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ýù»ñÁ ¹»é¨ë û·ïíáõÙ »Ý ³Û¹ ųٳݳÏÝ»ñÇó ųé³Ý·í³Í áñáß »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÝ»ñÇó:
ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ Ù³ñ½Á µ³Å³Ýí³Í ¿ñ ãáñë ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ` γå³Ý, ¶áñÇë, êÇëÇ³Ý ¨ Ø»ÕñÇ: âÝ³Û³Í Ñ³Ýù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³í»ÉÇ ½³ñ·³ó³Í ¿ñ γå³ÝáõÙ ¨ Ø»ÕñÇáõÙ, ù³Ý ÙÛáõë »ñÏáõ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí ³ÛÝ áÕç ¼³Ý·»½áõñ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ×ÛáõÕÝ ¿ñ ѳݹÇë³ÝáõÙ: ú·ï³Ï³ñ ѳݳÍáÝ»ñÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛ³Ý ßÝáñÑÇí ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝáõÙ ëï»ÕÍ»É ¿ñ ½³ñ·³ó³Í ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ¨ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý »ÝóϳéáõÛóÝ»ñ: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, γå³ÝÇ ¨ ø³ç³ñ³ÝÇ µÝ³ÏÇãÝ»ñÝ û·ïíáõÙ ¿ÇÝ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ ÙÇçÇÝÇó ¿³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý µ³ñÓñ ³åñ»É³Ï»ñåÇ ëï³Ý¹³ñïÝ»ñÇó:
Æ ÉñáõÙÝ Ñ³Ýù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ݳËÏÇÝ ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ ØÇáõÃÛ³Ý (ÜÊØ) Ï»Ýïñáݳóí³Í åɳݳÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ½³ñ·³óñ»ó ÙÛáõë ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ë»ÏïáñÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ëïáñ¨.
Ö ¾É»ÏïñáÝÇϳ
¾É»ÏïñáÝÇϳÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ Ï»Ýïñáݳó³Í ¿ñ γå³ÝáõÙ ¨ áñáß ã³÷áí êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³ÛÉ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ: êï³Ý³Éáí ºñ¨³ÝÇ åáÉÇï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÇÝëïÇïáõïÇ (г۳ëï³ÝÇ å»ï³Ï³Ý ׳ñï³ñ³å»ï³ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý) γå³ÝÇ Ù³ëݳ×ÛáõÕÇ áñ³ÏÛ³É Ï³¹ñ³ÛÇÝ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ` ÜÊØ Î³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ݳ˳ӻéÝ»ó ³Û¹ ųٳݳÏÝ»ñáõÙ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ³é³ç³ï³ñ ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ: Üßí³Í ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÃíáõÙ »Ý §Î³å³ÝÇ ¿É»Ïïñáݦ, §Î³å³ÝÇ é»É»Ç ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦, §Î³å³ÝÇ Ïáݹ»Ýë³ïáñÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦, §Î³å³ÝÇ É³Ùå»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦, §¶áñÇë ¶³Ùٳݦ, §êÇëdzÝÇ ïñ³Ý½ÇëïáñÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦, §êÇëdzÝÇ É³Ùå»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦ ¨ §êÇëdzÝÇ Ïáݹ»Ýë³ïáñÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦: âÝ³Û³Í áñ ³Û¹ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ý³ËÏÇÝ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ Ý»ñϳ ϳñ·³íÇ׳ÏÁ í»ñÉáõÍí»Éáõ »Ý ³Ûë áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 3 ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ, ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ ó³ÝϳÝáõÙ ¿ ß»ßï»É, áñ êÛáõÝÇùÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝáõÙ ³Ûë áÉáñïÝ ³Ù»Ý³í³ïóñ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ¿ ·ïÝíáõÙ:
Ö î»ùëïÇÉ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ
î»ùëïÇÉ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ êÛáõÝÇùÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ÙÛáõë ½³ñ·³ó³Í áÉáñïÝ»ñÇó ¿ñ, áñÝ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ ¿ñ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ³ß˳ï³ï»Õ»ñÇ ½·³ÉÇ Ù³ëÁ: î»ùëïÇÉ ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñ Ï³Ý Î³å³ÝáõÙ, ¶áñÇëáõÙ ¨ êÇëdzÝáõÙ: γå³ÝÇ ïñÇÏáï³ÅÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ, áñÁ Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë ÏáãíáõÙ ¿ §êáݳî»ùë¦ ´´À, г۳ëï³ÝÇ ï»ùëïÇÉ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ù»Ý³³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝáÕ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ¿ñ: ¶áñͳñ³ÝÝ ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ í»ñ³½ÇÝí»É ¿ñ 80-³Ï³Ý ÃÃ. í»ñçáõÙ: ÐÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÝ áõ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÁ ÛáõñûñÇÝ³Ï ·áñÍí³ÍùÝ»ñ ·áñÍáÕ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñ »Ý, áñáÝù ³ñï³¹ñí»É »Ý Þí»Ûó³ñ³Ï³Ý §Dubiet¦ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó: êÛáõÝÇùÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ÙÛáõë µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í ï»ùëïÇÉ ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÝ »Ý` §¼³Ý·»½áõñ¦ ´´À (¶áñÇë) ¨ §êÇë³Ï³Ý¦ ïñÇÏáï³ÅÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ (êÇëdzÝ):
Ö Ø»ù»Ý³ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ
Ø»ù»Ý³ßÇÝ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ß³ï ϳñ¨áñ ¿ñ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ Ñá·³Éáõ ѳٳñ: ²Ûë áÉáñïÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ¿ÇÝ` §Î³å³ÝÇ Ù»ù»Ý³ßÇÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦ ¨ §¶áñÇëÇ ÙÇÏñáß³ñÅÇãÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦:
Ö êÝݹ³ÙûñùÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
êÝݹ³ÙûñùÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ëï»ÕÍí³Í ¿ñ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³éϳ ѳñáõëï é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ å³ïß³×áñ»Ý û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: سëݳíáñ³å»ë å³Ñ³ÍáÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñ ϳÛÇÝ µáÉáñ ãáñë ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ` γå³Ý, ¶áñÇë, êÇëÇ³Ý ¨ Ø»ÕñÇ: Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë Ø»ÕñÇÇ å³Ñ³ÍáÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ, áñÁ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ÏáÕÙÝáñáßáõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿, êÛáõÝÇùÇ ÙÇ³Ï å³Ñ³ÍáÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ ¿, áñÝ ³ß˳ïáõÙ ¿ ѳٻٳﳵ³ñ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ͳí³ÉÝ»ñáí: êÝݹ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÛáõë ½³ñ·³ó³Í áÉáñïÝ»ñÝ ¿ÇÝ ³Ý³ëݳå³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ϳÃÇ ¨ ϳÃݳÙûñùÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, å³ÝñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ (ѳïϳå»ë êÇëdzÝáõÙ) ¨ ÙëÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
Ö îáõñǽÙ
êÛáõÝÇùÁ ݳ¨ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ñ³ÛïÝÇ ¿ñ Çñ ïáõñǽÙáí: ¼³Ý·»½áõñÇ åÕÝÓ³ÙáÉǵ¹»ÝÇ ÏáÙµÇݳïÁ (¼äØÎ) ¨ ÙÛáõë ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ѳݷëïÛ³Ý ïÝ»ñ ¨ åÇáÝ»ñ³Ï³Ý ׳ٵ³ñÝ»ñ ¿ÇÝ Ï³éáõó»É γå³Ý ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝáõÙ,
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 4 Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë γå³ÝÝ áõ ¶áñÇëÁ ÙdzóÝáÕ Ù³ÛñáõÕáõ íñ³ ·ïÝíáÕ Î³ñÙñ³ù³ñ ·ÛáõÕáõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ γå³ÝÇ áõ ø³ç³ñ³ÝÇ ÙÇç¨ ÁÝÏ³Í É»éݳÛÇÝ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ: âÝ³Û³Í Ýñ³Ý, áñ ѳݷëïÛ³Ý ïÝ»ñÁ ϳéáõóí»É ¿ÇÝ ßÝáñÑÇí ·»Õ»óÇÏ µÝáõÃÛ³Ý, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí ïáõñǽÙÇÝ ·ñ³íáÕ Ùݳó³Í í³Ûñ»ñÝ ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ û·ï³·áñÍí³Í ã¿ÇÝ: ²Ûë ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó ϳñ¨áñ ¿ ß»ßï»É, áñ êÛáõÝÇùÝ áõÝÇ ïáõñǽÙÇÝ ·ñ³íáÕ ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ÑÙ³ÛÇã í³Ûñ»ñ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý ¶áñÇëÇ Ùáï ·ïÝíáÕ î³Ã¨Ç í³ÝùÁ (óáõó³¹ñí³Í ¿ ëïáñ¨), êÇëdzÝÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝáõÙ ·ïÝíáÕ §¼áñ³ó ù³ñ»ñ¦ ÑÇÝ ³ëïÕ³¹Çï³ñ³ÝÁ, γå³ÝÇ ëáëÇÝ»ñÇ åáõñ³ÏÁ ¨ áÕç ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝáõÙ ï»Õ³Ï³Ûí³Í µ³½Ù³ÃÇí í³Õ øñÇëïáÝ»³Ï³Ý »Ï»Õ»óÇÝ»ñÁ:
سñ½áõ٠ѳٻٳﳵ³ñ ½³ñ·³ó³Í ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÛáõë áÉáñïÝ»ñÝ ¿ÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ϳÑáõÛùÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³Ý ¨ ٻ˳ÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÁ: îÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ×ÛáõÕ»ñÇÝ ½áõ·³Ñ»é ·áñÍáõÙ ¿ÇÝ Ý³¨ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ É³Ûݳͳí³É ¨ ½³ñ·³ó³Í ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý »ÝóϳéáõÛóÝ»ñ, ³Û¹ ÃíáõÙ ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý, ÏñóϳÝ, ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ³é¨ïñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñ:
²åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñÑáëùÇ ¨ ³ñï³ÑáëùÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑÁ Ù³ñ½áõÙ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë γå³ÝÇ ¨ Ø»Õñáõ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ »ñϳÃáõÕÇÝ ¿ñ: ºñϳÃáõÕáõ Ù»Í Ù³ëÝ ³ÝóÝáõÙ ¿ñ ²¹ñµ»ç³ÝÇ ï³ñ³Íùáí ¨ 90-³Ï³Ý ÃÃ. ëϽµÇó Ç í»ñ ãÇ ß³Ñ³·áñÍíáõÙ: ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ ØÇáõÃÛ³Ý ÷Éáõ½áõÙÇó ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë È»éݳÛÇÝ Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÇ ËݹñÇ ßáõñç ²¹ñµ»ç³ÝÇ Ñ»ï ѳϳٳñïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ÏݳñÏáõÙÇó Ñ»ïá Ù³ñ½Ç ÇÝãå»ë ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ ëÏë»ó ³ñ³·ÁÝóó ³ÝÏáõÙ ³åñ»É: î»Õ³Ï³Ûí³Í ÉÇÝ»Éáí ºñ¨³ÝÇó µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³` Ù³ñ½Á Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë áõÝÇ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ µ³ñÓñ ·áñͳ½ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ³Õù³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ï:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 5 سñ½ÇÝ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ñ»ï³ùñù³Ï³Ý ÷³ëï»ñ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ëïáñ¨1:
Ö ºñÏñáõ٠ѳٳ˳éÝ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ` 8.1% Ö ºñÏñáõ٠ѳٳ˳éÝ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ` 11.8% Ö ºñÏñáõÙ Ù³Ýñ³Í³Ë ³é¨ïñÇ ßñç³Ý³éáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ` 1.3% Ö ºñÏñáõ٠ѳٳ˳éÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ïáõóÙ³Ý áÉáñïáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ` 1.6% Ö ¶áñͳ½ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ` 20.5% (ÞÇñ³ÏÇó Ñ»ïá »ñÏñáñ¹ ³Ù»Ý³í³ï íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ·ïÝíáÕ Ù³ñ½Á) Ö ´Ý³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ËïáõÃÛáõÝÁ 1ÏÙ2 íñ³ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ 36 Ù³ñ¹ (ì³Ûáó ÒáñÇó Ñ»ïá ³Ù»Ý³ó³Íñ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ ¿):
²ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ³ÛÉ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ í»ñçÇÝ ÑÇÝ· ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ ³Û¹ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ³Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿2:
Üβð 1. êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ¨ Ðܲ ѳٻٳïáõÃÛ³Ùµ (ÙÉÝ. ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù)
1800000 45000 1600000 40000 1400000 35000 1200000 30000 ÀݹѳÝáõñ ³ñ¹. 1000000 25000 Ðܲ 800000 20000 600000 15000 êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³ñ¹. 400000 10000 200000 5000 0 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
1 www.armstat.am 2 ²½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, www.armstat.am
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 6 ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ í»ñÁ Ýßí³Í ·Í³·ñáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÝ ³ëïÇ׳ݳµ³ñ ³×áõÙ ¿ Ðܲ ¨ »ñÏñÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ³×ÇÝ ½áõ·³Ñ»é ¨2003×ÇÝ Ñ³ë³í 41.4 ÙÉñ¹ ÐÐ ¹ñ³ÙÇ: ²í»ÉÇÝ, 1998-2003ÃÃ. êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³Ïóí³Í ÙÇçÇÝ ³×Á (CAGR) ¿³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ·»ñ³½³Ýó»ó »ñÏñÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ÝٳݳïÇå óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ ¨ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ³í»ÉÇ ³ñ³· ¿ñ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ Ðܲ ³×Ç ·ñ³Ýóí³Í ï»Ùå»ñÇó: ²Û¹ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ëïáñ¨.
CAGR Ðܲ (1998 – 2003) – 9.3% CAGR ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù (1998 – 2002) – 6.9% CAGR êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù (1998 – 2002) – 10.4%
âÝ³Û³Í í»ñÁ Ýßí³ÍÇÝ, ÝÙ³Ý ÇÝï»ÝëÇí ³×Á ѳñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ÷áùñ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É Ù³ñ½Ç ëáóÇ³É ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý íñ³ »ñÏáõ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇ å³ï׳éáí: ܳË` ³×Ç íñ³ ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É ÙdzÛÝ Ñ³Ýù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ³í»ÉÇÝ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ Áݹ³Ù»ÝÁ Ù»Ï Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÛÝ ¿` ¼³Ý·»½áõñÇ åÕÝÓ³ÙáÉǵ¹»ÝÇ ÏáÙµÇݳïÁ (¼äØÎ), ÇëÏ »ñÏñáñ¹Á` ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ 90-³Ï³Ý ÃÃ. Ï»ë»ñÇÝ ³ÛÝù³Ý ó³Íñ ¿ñ, áñ í»ñçÇÝ »ñ»ù ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ýßí³Í ³×Á Ýϳï»ÉÇ ¿: Æñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ, êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ CAGR-Á 2000-2003ÃÃ. ųٳݳϳѳïí³ÍÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ 2.26% ¿ ϳ٠·ñ»Ã» ãáñë ³Ý·³Ù ³í»ÉÇ ó³Íñ, ù³Ý 1998-2003ÃÃ. ÙǨÝáõÛÝ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ:
àñå»ë ³å³óáõÛó, áñ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ³×Á å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í ¿ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ¼äØÎ, ²·³ñ³ÏÇ åÕÝÓ³ÙáÉǵ¹»Ý³Ï³Ý ÏáÙµÇݳïÇ (²äØÎ) ¨ γå³ÝÇ É»éݳѳñëï³óÙ³Ý ÏáÙµÇݳïÇ (ÎÈÐÎ) ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ùµ, ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï»É ¿ êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ г۳ëï³Ýáõ٠ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ñ»ï, ÇÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ëïáñ¨ µ»ñí³Í ·Í³·ñáõÙ3:
3 ²½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, www.armstat.am
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 7 Üβð 2. êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ³Ý Ñ³Ýù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ (ÙÉÝ ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù)
45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 êÛáõÝÇù 20000 гÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ 15000 10000 5000 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí»ó í»ñáÝßÛ³É ·Í³·ñáõÙ 1998-2002 ÃÃ. ÁÝóóùáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ½³ñ·³ÝáõÙ ¿ñ г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Ýù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ½áõ·³Ñ»é: ²Ûë »ñÏáõ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ïáñ»ÉdzóÇ³Ý Ñ³í³ë³ñ ¿ 99.36%, áñÁ Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ ¿, áñ Ù»Ï áÉáñïáõÙ 1% ³×Á ѳݷ»óÝáõÙ ¿ 0.9936% ³×Ç (·ñ»Ã» ÝáõÛݳÝÙ³Ý) ÙÛáõë áÉáñïáõÙ: êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ëïáñ¨4:
Üβð 3. سñ½»ñÇ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùáõÙ
9% 1% 1% ºñ¨³Ý 3% ²ñ³·³ÍáïÝ 5% ²ñ³ñ³ï ²ñÙ³íÇñ 2% Îáï³Ûù 48% ¶»Õ³ñùáõÝÇù 14% ÈáéÇ ÞÇñ³Ï êÛáõÝÇù 7% î³íáõß 9% 1% ì³Ûáó Òáñ
4 ²½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, www.armstat.am
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 8 ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ í»ñáÝßÛ³É ·Í³·ñáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÁ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó ãáññáñ¹ ï»ÕÝ ¿ ½µ³Õ»óÝáõÙ ºñ¨³ÝÇó, Îáï³ÛùÇó ¨ ²ñ³ñ³ïÇó Ñ»ïá: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ÇÝãå»ë Ù»Ýù ³ñ¹»Ý Ýᯐ »Ýù í»ñçÇÝë å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í ¿ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ ¨ ³í»ÉÇÝ Áݹ³Ù»ÝÁ Ù»Ï Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ` ¼äØÎ, áñÝ áõÝÇ 2,400 ³ß˳ï³ÏÇó (êÛáõÝÇùáõ٠ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïáõÙ ³ß˳ïáõÙ ¿ Ùáï 4,500 Ù³ñ¹) êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ³ß˳ïáÕ 50,000 ·áñͳéáõÝ»ñÇó: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, Ù³ñ½áõÙ ³×áÕ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝÇ ³Õù³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ïñ׳ïÙ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ íñ³, ù³ÝÇ áñ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ·áñͳ½ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ 20%-Çó ³í»É ¿, áñÁ »ñÏáõ ³Ý·³Ù ³í»ÉÇ ¿ ù³Ý »ñÏñÇ ÙÇçÇÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ ¨ ³Ù»Ý³ó³Íñ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ` »ñÏñ³ß³ñÅÇó ïáõÅ³Í ÞÇñ³ÏÇ Ù³ñ½Çó Ñ»ïá5:
üǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³ñï³¹ñí³Í ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Çݹ»ùëÁ ÝáõÛÝå»ë ³×áõÙ ¿: ²ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÇ óáõó³ÝÇßÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ëïáñ¨ µ»ñí³Í ·Í³·ñáõÙ6:
Üβð 4. êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÇ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ¹ÇݳÙÇϳÝ
% ²×
125 121 119 120
115 110 110 107 104 104 105
100
95 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ·Í³·ñáõÙ, ãÝ³Û³Í ³×Ç ¹ñáõÛù³ã³÷»ñÇ ï³ï³ÝÙ³ÝÁ, 1998- 2003ÃÃ. ÁÝóóùáõÙ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ѳçáñ¹ ï³ñí³ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÇ óáõó³ÝÇßÁ ·»ñ³Ï³ï³ñíáõÙ ¿ñ ݳËáñ¹ ï³ñí³ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ 2003Ã.-ÇÝ Áëï ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý áÉáïÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ëïáñ¨7:
5 ²Õù³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ïñ׳ïÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñ³Ï³Ý ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕà 6 ²½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, www.armstat.am 7 ²½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, www.armstat.am
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 9 Üβð 5. êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÝ Áëï áÉáñïÝ»ñÇ
11% 7%
гÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ì»ñ³Ùß³ÏáõÙ ¾É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ /æáõñ 82%
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ·Í³·ñáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ 82%-Á í»ñ³·ñíáõÙ ¿ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ÇÝãÁ Ù»Ï ³Ý·³Ù ¨ë ³å³óáõóáõÙ ¿, áñ áÕç Ù³ñ½Á ٻͳå»ë ϳËí³Í ¿ ¼äØÎ-Çó:
ØǨÝáõÛÝ í»ñÁ Ýßí³Í ϳéáõóí³ÍùÁ ³ÙµáÕç г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ñ»ï¨Û³Ý ¿.
Üβð 6. ²ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÝ Áëï áÉáñïÝ»ñÇ
9% 24%
гÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ì»ñ³Ùß³ÏáõÙ ¾É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³/ æáõñ
67%
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ·Í³ÝϳñáõÙ, ³ÙµáÕç г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ïïñí³Íùáí ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ÷áùñ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝ ¿ ϳ½Ùáõ٠ѳÝñ³ÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý/í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 10 êÛáõÝÇùáõ٠ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³ÍùáõÙ ¼äØÎ-Ç Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ ÁݹѳÝáõñ Ùáï 41 ÙÉÝ ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýùáí8 ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ Ùáï 69%, ÇëÏ Ùݳó³ÍÁ 31%` ·ñ»Ã» ѳí³ë³ñ³å»ë µ³Å³Ýí³Í »Ý ²äØÎ ¨ ÎÈÐÎ ÙÇç¨:
ÆÝã í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ѳÝñ³ÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áÉáñïÇÝ, ³å³ Ëáßáñ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ å³ïϳÝáõÙ ¿ àñáï³ÝÇ Ðǹñá¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Û³ÝÇÝ (оÎ), áñÁ ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í оÎ-Ý ¿ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ:
Øݳó³Í 7% ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ 2003Ã.-ÇÝ Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿9:
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 1. ì»ñ³Ùß³ÏíáÕ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ ÖÛáõÕ ÙÉÝ ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù ݳËáñ¹ ï³ñí³ % êÝÝ¹Ç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ` Ý»ñ³éÛ³É 2,359.3 101 ËÙÇãùÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ îñÇÏáï³ÅÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ 116.6 42 г·áõëïÇ ¨ ÙáñûջÝÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ 33.8 195 ´ñ¹Ç í»ñ³Ùß³ÏáõÙ ¨ µñ¹Û³ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ 10.1 116.4 ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ øÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ 9.3 140.5 è»ïÇÝ» ¨ åɳëïÇÏ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ 8.4 110.2 ²ÛÉ áã Ù»ï³Éáõñ·Ç³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ 124.7 199.3 ê³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñ ¨ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñ 195 79.6 ²ÛÉ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ 126.8 87.3 Àݹ³Ù»ÝÁ 2,984 95.4
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ í»ñáÝßÛ³É ³ÕÛáõë³ÏáõÙ µáÉáñ áÉáñïÝ»ñÁ, µ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùµ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ѳÝñ³ÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙdzëÇÝ 5%-Ç Ï³ñ·Ç Ýí³½»óáõÙ »Ý áõÝ»ó»É ݳËáñ¹ ï³ñí³ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ì»ñ³Ùß³ÏáÕ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÁݹѳÝáõñ ͳí³ÉÝ»ñáõÙ ëÝݹ³ÙûñùÝ»ñÇ ¨ ËÙÇãùÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ 79% ¿ ϳ½ÙáõÙ: ²Ûë »ÝóáÉáñïáõÙ ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í ï»ÕÁ ½µ³Õ»óÝáõÙ ¿ ѳóÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ: êÝÝ¹Ç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ûë »ÝóáÉáñïáõÙ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ëïáñ¨.
8 êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½å»ï³ñ³Ý 9 êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½å»ï³ñ³Ý
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 11 ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 2. êÝÝ¹Ç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ ²åñ³Ýù 2002 2003 ØÇë, ïáÝݳ 47.9 43.3 γà ¨ ϳÃݳÙûñùÝ»ñ, ïáÝݳ 2.9 2 ä³ÝÇñ, ïáÝݳ 40.7 38.3 ä³Ñ³ÍáÝ»ñ, ѳ½³ñ å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ï³ñ³ 103.1 152.9 ´Ý³Ï³Ý ÑÛáõûñ 0.3 1.4 òáñ»Ý, ïáÝݳ 674.8 512.9 Ð³ó ¨ Ñ³ó³ÙûñùÝ»ñ, ïáÝݳ 2836.8 2702.4 Ðñáõ߳ϻջÝ, ïáÝݳ 11.4 11.1 سϳñáݻջÝ, ïáÝݳ 60.9 48.8
ÆÝãå»ë ѳïϳÝßí³Í ¿ í»ñáÑÇßÛ³É ³ÕÛáõë³ÏáõÙ, ѳó³ÙûñùÝ»ñÝ ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÝ »Ý ϳ½ÙáõÙ ëÝÝ¹Ç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç: Æ ÉñáõÙÝ, µ³óÇ å³Ñ³ÍáÝ»ñÇ ¨ µÝ³Ï³Ý ÑÛáõûñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó, Ùݳó³Í µáÉáñ »ÝóáÉáñïÝ»ñÁ áñáß³ÏÇ ³ÝÏáõÙ áõÝ»Ý Ý³Ëáñ¹ ï³ñí³ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ²í»ÉÇÝ, áñáß áÉáñïÝ»ñÇ, ÇÝãå»ë ûñÇÝ³Ï Ï³ÃÇ ¨ ÙëÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ ½·³ÉÇ ³ÝÏáõÙ »Ý ³åñ»É:
¶ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ
êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ѳٳ˳éÝ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ÝáõÛÝå»ë ³×»É ¿ í»ñçÇÝ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ: î³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝáõÙ ·ÛáõÕïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ³Ý 1999- 2002ÃÃ. Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿10:
10 ²½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, www.armstat.am
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 12 Üβð 7. гٳ˳éÝ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ³Ý êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ (ÙÉñ¹ ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù)
45 450 40 400 35 350 30 300 25 250 êÛáõÝÇù 20 200 Àݹ³Ù»ÝÁ 15 150 10 100 5 50 0 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
¸Çï³ñÏí³Í ųٳݳϳѳïí³ÍáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ¹ÇݳÙÇϳÛÇ CAGR-Á ½·³ÉÇáñ»Ý ·»ñ³½³ÝóáõÙ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý CAGR-Á, áñÁ 8.3%-Ç Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ ϳ½Ù»É ¿ 16.8%:
âÝ³Û³Í ³ÛÝ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÇÝ, áñ êÛáõÝÇùÇ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ï³ñ»óï³ñÇ ³× ¿ ³åñáõÙ ¨ ¹³ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ѳݷ³Ù³Ýù ¿, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ýß»É, áñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ µ³ó³ñÓ³Ï ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÇ ÃáÕ³ñÏÙ³Ý ³éáõÙáí ³ÛÉ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï êÛáõÝÇùÇ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÝ ³Û¹ù³Ý ¿É ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ã»Ý, ÇÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ëïáñ¨ ·Í³·ñáõÙ11:
Üβð 8. ¶ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ (ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ)
11 ²½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, www.armstat.am
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 13 4% ºñ¨³Ý 1% 7% 6% ²ñ³·³ÍáïÝ 10% 14% ²ñ³ñ³ï ²ñÙ³íÇñ ¶»Õ³ñùáõÝÇù 10% Îáï³Ûù 14% ÈáéÇ ÞÇñ³Ï 11% êÛáõÝÇù 14% î³íáõß 9% ì³Ûù
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ·Í³·ñáõÙ µ³ó³ñÓ³Ï ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÃáÕ³ñÏÙ³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó, êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Á, ãÝ³Û³Í ÉÇÝ»Éáí ó³Ù³ù³ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ³éáõÙáí Ëáßáñ³·áõÛÝÁ ½ÇçáõÙ ¿ ÙÇ ß³ñù ³ÛÉ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ²ñ³ñ³ïÇ, ²ñÙ³íÇñÇ, ¶»Õ³ñùáõÝÇùÇ, Èáéáõ ¨ ÞÇñ³ÏÇ Ù³ñ½»ñÇÝ, áñáÝù ·»ñ³Ï³ï³ñ»É »Ý êÛáõÝÇùÇ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ: ²ñ³ñ³ïÇ, ²ñÙ³íÇñÇ ¨ ²ñ³·³ÍáïÝÇ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ ѳٻٳﳵ³ñ µ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ٻͳå»ë ÑÇÙÝí³Í ¿ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í Ùñ·»ñÇ ¨ µ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»ÝÇ (áñáÝóÇó »Ý ÉáÉÇÏÁ, ¹»ÕÓÁ ϳ٠ÍÇñ³ÝÁ) ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñÁ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»Éáõ ѳٳñ µ³í³ñ³ñ ͳí³ÉÝ»ñÇ µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ëïáñ¨12:
12 ²½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, www.armstat.am
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 14 Üβð 9. êÛáõÝÇùÇ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ (ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ)
Øñ·»ñ ʳÕáÕ ´áëï³Ý³ÛÇÝ 4% 1% 0% ´³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ý 18% гó³Ñ³ïÇϳÛÇÝ ÏáõÉïáõñ³ 43%
γñïáýÇÉ 34%
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ í»ñáÝßÛ³É ·Í³·ñáõÙ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ß³ñùáõÙ ³Ù»Ý³Ëáßáñ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ å³ïϳÝáõÙ ¿ ѳó³Ñ³ïÇϳÛÇÝ ÏáõÉïáõñ³Ý»ñÇÝ, áñáÝù ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ³×»óíáõÙ »Ý êÇëdzÝáõÙ ¨ ¶áñÇëáõÙ: ºñÏñáñ¹ ï»ÕÁ ½µ³Õ»óÝáõÙ ¿ ϳñïáýÇÉÁ, ÇëÏ µ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»ÝÇ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ 18% ¿: ´»ñùÇ ÙÛáõë ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý Ùñ·»ñÁ, ˳ÕáÕÁ ¨ µáëï³Ý³ÛÇÝ ÏáõÉïáõñ³Ý»ñÁ ß³ï ãÝãÇÝ ï»Õ »Ý ·ñ³íáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùáõÙ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ ³Ý³ëݳå³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ÃéãݳµáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ëïáñ¨13:
13 ²½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, www.armstat.am
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 15 Üβð 10. ²Ý³ëݳå³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ÃéãݳµáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ÇݳÙÇϳÝ
50 18 45 16 40 14 35 12 30 ØÇë, 000 ïáÝݳ 10 25 γÃ, 000 ïáÝݳ 8 20 Òáõ, ÙÉÝ 15 6 10 4 5 2 0 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ³ÕÛáõë³ÏáõÙ, ãÝ³Û³Í ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³Ý³ëݳå³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ÃéãݳµáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ¹ñ³Ýó Ñ»ï ß³Õϳåí³Í ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÙÇïáõÙÝ»ñ áõÝÇ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí Ùë³ÙûñùÝ»ñÇ, ϳÃÇ ¨ ÓíÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ í»ñçÇÝ ÑÇÝ· ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ ³í»ÉÇ ßáõï ϳÛáõÝ ¿ »Õ»É` áõݻݳÉáí ݳ¨ áñáß³ÏÇ Ã»Ã¨ Ýí³½»óáõÙ: Æñáù, ¹Çï³ñÏí³Í ųٳݳϳѳïí³ÍáõÙ »ñ»ù ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ CAGR-Á Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿ñ.
Ö CAGR ÙÇë (-2.3%) Ö CAGR ϳà 2% Ö CAGR Óáõ (-2.2%)
²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, å»ïù ¿ Ç ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ, áñ í»ñçÇÝ ï³ñí³ ÁÝóóùáõÙ µáÉáñ »ñ»ù áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³ßíáí ³é³çÁÝóó »Ý áõÝ»ó»É, áñÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ëÏǽµ ѳٳñí»É ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ûë áÉáñïÇ Ñ»ï³·³ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:
´áÉáñ »ñ»ù áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ Ù³ñ½Ç Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùáõÙ Ñ»ï¨Û³Ý ¿14:
14 ²½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, www.armstat.am
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 16 Üβð 11. Øë³ÙûñùÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ
ºñ¨³Ý 4% 3% 7% 7% 10% ²ñ³·³ÍáïÝ ²ñ³ñ³ï 8% ²ñÙ³íÇñ Îáï³Ûù 13% ÈáéÇ 9% ¶»Õ³ñùáõÝÇù ÞÇñ³Ï 12% êÛáõÝÇù 17% î³íáõß 10% ì³Ûù
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ í»ñáÝßÛ³É ·Í³·ñáõÙ Ùë³ÙûñùÝ»ñÇ áÕç ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ 7%, áñÝ ³ÙµáÕç »ñÏñÇ Ïïñí³Íùáí ³Ù»Ý³ó³Íñ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇó ¿: ²Ûë ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó г۳ëï³ÝÇ µáÉáñ ÙÛáõë Ù³ñ½»ñÁ µ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùµ î³íáõßÇ ¨ ì³ÛùÇ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ ·»ñ³Ï³ï³ñáõÙ »Ý êÛáõÝÇùÇ óáõó³ÝÇßÁ:
Üβð 12. γÃÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ
4% ºñ¨³Ý 1% 11% 7% ²ñ³·³ÍáïÝ 9% ²ñ³ñ³ï 8% ²ñÙ³íÇñ
6% Îáï³Ûù ÈáéÇ 15% ¶»Õ³ñùáõÝÇù 10% ÞÇñ³Ï êÛáõÝÇù 18% 11% î³íáõß ì³Ûù
γÃÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ ãÝ³Û³Í íÇ׳ÏÁ ÷áùñ ÇÝã ³í»ÉÇ µ³ñíáù ¿, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ÏñÏÇÝ êÛáõÝÇùÁ ³Ù»Ý³í³ïóñ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ·ïÝíáÕ Ù³ñ½»ñÇó ¿, áñÇ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ ·»ñ³½³ÝóáõÙ »Ý ÙdzÛÝ ì³ÛùÇ, î³íáõßÇ, ²ñ³ñ³ïÇ ¨ ²ñÙ³íÇñÇ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇÝ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 17 Üβð 13. ÒíÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ
3% ºñ¨³Ý 5% 2% 11% ²ñ³·³ÍáïÝ 7% 5% ²ñ³ñ³ï 7% ²ñÙ³íÇñ 6% Îáï³Ûù 4% 7% ÈáéÇ ¶»Õ³ñùáõÝÇù ÞÇñ³Ï êÛáõÝÇù î³íáõß 43% ì³Ûù
ÒíÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ñ³·³ÛáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÁ ÝáõÛÝå»ë ½µ³Õ»óÝáõÙ ¿ í»ñçÇÝ ï»Õ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ:
êáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñ
ä³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ³éϳ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ Ùáï 134,000, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É 88,000 ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ µÝ³ÏÇãÝ»ñÁ ¨ 46,000 ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý µÝ³ÏÇãÝ»ñÁ15:
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15 ²½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, www.armstat.am
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17 ²½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, www.armstat.am
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êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 24 êÛáõÝÇùÇ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇÝ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ³ß˳ï³Ýù áõÝ»óáÕ µÝ³ÏÇãÝ»ñÇ ÷áËѳïáõóÙ³ÝÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ Ù³ÏñáïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ ÝáõÛÝå»ë µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý »Ý: Æñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ, ÙÇçÇÝ ³Ùë³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÁ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõ٠ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ 37,602 ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù (ϳ٠Ùáï 67 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ), áñÝ ³ÙµáÕç »ñÏñáõÙ ³Ù»Ý³µ³ñÓñ óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿ ¨ 6.3% µ³ñÓñ ¿ ù³Ý »ñÏñÇ ÙÇçÇÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ` 35,369 ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù18 (Ý»ñ³éÛ³É ºñ¨³ÝÇ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ³í»ÉÇ µ³ñÓñ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ»ñÁ): ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, Ãí³ÛÇÝ ³éáõÙáí ³ÛëåÇëÇ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í ¿ »ñ»ù ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ³ÛÝ ¿` ¼äØÎ, ²äØÎ ¨ ÎÈÐÎ, ÏáÕÙÇó í׳ñíáÕ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ µ³ñÓñ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ»ñáí: ²Ûë Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ ³ß˳ïáõÙ ¿ Ùáï 4,500 Ù³ñ¹ (ϳ٠50,000 ³ß˳ïáÕÝ»ñÇ ·ñ»Ã» 10%) ¨ ³Ùë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçÇÝ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÁ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ¼äØÎ-áõ٠ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ ßáõñç 90,000 ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù, ³Û¹åÇëáí ³å³Ñáí»Éáí µ³ñÓñ ÙÇçÇÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ï áÕç Ù³ñ½Ç ѳٳñ:
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18 ²½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, www.armstat.am
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 25 2. ÐÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÝ áõ ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÁ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Á ÇÝãå»ë áÕç г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ܳËÏÇÝ ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ ØÇáõÃÛ³Ý ÷Éáõ½áõÙÇó Ñ»ïá ëÏë»É ¿ ÙÇ ß³ñù åñáµÉ»ÙÝ»ñÇ áõ ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ý¹Çå»É ëáóÇ³É ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ï³ñµ»ñ áÉáñïÝ»ñáõÙ: ²ÝϳËáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éùµ»ñáõÙÇó Ñ»ïá г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý 90-³Ï³Ý ÃÃ. ëϽµÝ»ñÇÝ ¨ Ï»ë»ñÇÝ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³Í ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ ×·Ý³Å³ÙÁ, ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñÙáõÍÙ³Ý ¨ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ÷á˳¹ñÙ³Ý µ³ñÓñ ·Ý»ñÁ, ·áñͳñ³ñ áÉáñïÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý í³ñã³Ï³Ý ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÁ ¨ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ³åñ»É³Ï»ñåÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ó³Íñ Ïáñ»ÉdzóÇÝ ÁݹѳÝáõñ Ðܲ ³×Ç Ñ»ï µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ É³í í»ñÉáõÍí³Í ¨ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ï³ñµ»ñ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³Ó»éÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó: êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Á, Ç ÉñáõÙÝ ³Û¹ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ, Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ ËݹÇñÝ»ñ áõÝÇ, áñáÝù ³Ù÷á÷í³Í »Ý ѳçáñ¹ ·ÉáõËÝ»ñáõÙ` µ³Å³Ýí»Éáí ûµÛ»ÏïÇí ¨ ëáõµÛ»ÏïÇí ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ¨ ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÇ:
úµÛ»ÏïÇí ËݹÇñÝ»ñ ¨ ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñ
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êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Á È»éݳÛÇÝ Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÇ ËݹñÇ ßáõñç г۳ëï³ÝÇ ¨ ²¹ñµ»ç³ÝÇ ÙÇç¨ é³½Ù³Ï³Ý µ³ËáõÙÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³Ù»ÝÇó ³í»ÉÇ ïáõÅ³Í ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¿: 1992Ã.- Çó ëÏë³Í ÙÇÝ㨠1994Ã. Ï»ë»ñÁ Ù³ñ½Ç ³Ù»Ý³Ëáßáñ ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÁ, ³Û¹ Ãíáõ٠ݳ¨ γå³Ý ¨ ¶áñÇë ù³Õ³ùÝ»ñÁ ·ïÝíáõÙ ¿ÇÝ ²¹ñµ»ç³ÝÇ Ññ»ï³Ýáõ ¨ û¹³ÛÇÝ éÙµ³ÏáóáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñùá: è³½Ù³Ï³Ý µ³ËáõÙÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í µ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ·áñÍ»É êÛáõÝÇùÇ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇ íñ³:
Ü³Ë ¨ ³é³ç ß³ñáõÝ³Ï éÙµ³ÏáÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ³í»ñí»É »Ý µ³½Ù³ÃÇí µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ ß»Ýù»ñ ¨ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý áõ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý »ÝóϳéáõÛóÝ»ñ: سñ½Ç í»ñ³Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ ¿ÇÝ Î³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý, öØÒ-»ñÇ ¨ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý É³Ûݳͳí³É Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ:
ºñÏñáñ¹Á` é³½Ù³Ï³Ý µ³ËáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ë³ÑٳݳٻñÓ áñáß ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ ³Ï³Ý³å³ïí»É »Ý: ø³ÝÇ áñ ³Ï³Ý³å³ïÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ù³áë³ÛÇÝ ¿ »Õ»É, ³å³ Ï³Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ùñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ù³ñ﻽ݻñ ãáõÝ»Ý: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë êÛáõÝÇùÇ ï³ñµ»ñ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ,
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 26 áñáÝù ·ïÝíáõÙ »Ý ²¹ñµ»ç³ÝÇ Ñ»ï ë³ÑٳݳÏÇó ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñáõÙ, Ï³Ý Ùáï 1500 Ñ»Ïï³ñ ³Ï³Ý³å³ïí³Í ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñ: âݳ۳Í, áñ Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë ûÏáõ½ ¹³Ý¹³Õ µ³Ûó ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ÝáõÙ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ³Ï³Ý³½»ñÍáõÙ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ÙdzÛÝ ³Ûë ÷³ëïÝ ³ñ¹»Ý ϳñ¨áñ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙ ¿ ѳݹÇë³ÝáõÙ ³Û¹ 1500 Ñ»Ïï³ñ ÑáÕ³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ ½³ñ·³óÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ:
ºññáñ¹, é³½Ù³Ï³Ý µ³ËáõÙÝ»ñÁ ÃÇñ³Ë»É »Ý Ë³Õ³Õ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ÇÝãÁ ѳݷ»óñ»É ¿ Ù³ñ½Çó µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý É³Ûݳͳí³É ³ñï³ÑáëùÇ: ì»ñçÇÝë Éñ³óáõóÇã åñáµÉ»ÙÝ»ñ ¿ ³é³ç³óñ»É, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý Ý»ñùÇÝ ßáõϳÛÇ ÷áùñ ã³÷»ñÁ, ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ å³Ï³ëÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
ø³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ·»ñ³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ
90-³Ï³Ý ÃÃ. ëϽµÝ»ñÇÝ ¨ Ï»ë»ñÇÝ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ¨ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ ×·Ý³Å³ÙÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ ³ÝϳËáõÃÛáõÝÇó ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë Ñ»ïá »ñÏñáõ٠ݳ˳ӻéÝí³Í ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇ ßÝáñÑÇí ëï»ÕÍí»ó ùÇã û ß³ï ϳÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñáճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý áÉáñï: ²ÛÝ ³ñï³óáÉí»É ¿ 90-³Ï³Ý ÃÃ. г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ðܲ-áõÙ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 40% Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÝáí: 90-³Ï³Ý ÃÃ. í»ñç»ñÇÝ, ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ïáñóñ»ó Çñ ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ Ðܲ-áõÙ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ¹³ ³ÛÝ áÉáñïÝ ¿, áñÁ ÏñÇïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍáõÙ ³å³Ñáí»É ¿ »ñÏñáõÙ ³éÝí³½Ý Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ¨ ëÝÝ¹Ç å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ: ¶ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñáճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í ¿ñ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ÑáÕ³ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëݳíáñ»óٳٵ ¨ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ·ñ»Ã» µáÉáñ Ù³ñ½»ñáõÙ ³éϳ ÑÙáõï ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ùµ, áñáÝù ϳñáÕ ¿ÇÝ ÑáÕ³ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ Ù߳ϻÉ:
²Ûë ³éáõÙáí êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³éϳ ¿ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ ËáãÁݹáï: سñ½Ç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, µ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùµ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý, ¹»é¨ë ËáñÁ ׷ݳų٠¿ ³åñáõÙ, ÙÇÝã¹»é ³Û¹ Ãíáõ٠ݳ¨ µ³í³ñ³ñ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí å³ïß³×áñ»Ý ã»Ý Ùß³ÏíáõÙ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ÑáÕ³ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ: Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë, г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõÝ»óáÕ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ïÇñáõÙ ¿ ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ ·»ñ³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ: ä³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ Ù³ñ½»ñáõÙ ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ ¨ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ 2003Ã-ÇÝ Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿ñ.19
19 ²½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ www.armstat.am
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 27 ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 6. êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ Þñç³Ý ÀݹѳÝáõñ ø³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ ¶ÛáõÕ³ÛÇÝ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝ Î³å³Ý 62,600 54,100 8,500 ¶áñÇë 44,300 23,100 21,200 êÇë³Ý 33,900 17,100 16,800 Ø»ÕñÇ 12,200 9,600 2,600 Àݹ³Ù»ÝÁ 153,000 103,900 49,100
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ í»ñáÝßÛ³É ³ÕÛáõë³ÏáõÙ µ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùµ ¶áñÇëÇ, áñï»Õ ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ ¨ ·ÛáõÕ³ÛÇÝ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·ñ»Ã» ѳí³ë³ñ ¿, Ùݳó³Í µáÉáñ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·»ñ³Ï³ÛáõÙ ¿` ϳ½Ù»Éáí êÛáõÝÇùÇ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ùáï 68%-Á:
ø³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÛëåÇëÇ Ñ½áñ ·»ñ³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ êÛáõÝÇùáõ٠ٻͳå»ë ËáãÁݹáïáõÙ ¿ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ: ²í»ÉÇÝ, Ç ÉñáõÙÝ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»óáÕ áõñµ³Ýǽ³ódzÛÇ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ ÑÇÙݳËݹÇñ ÝáõÛÝå»ë ϳ, áñÁ 1 ù³é³ÏáõëÇ ÏÙ-Ç íñ³ ³åñáÕ µÝ³ÏÇãÝ»ñÇ ã³÷³½³Ýó ÷áùñ ù³Ý³ÏÝ ¿: ´Ý³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ËïáõÃÛáõÝÁ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ì³Ûáó ÒáñÇó Ñ»ïá ³Ù»Ý³ó³ÍñÝ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ: ´Ý³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ËïáõÃÛ³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³Ï³ÝÝ ³ÛÉ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ëïáñ¨.
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´³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ßáõϳÛÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³×Ç ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë öØÒ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿: Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë г۳ëï³Ýáõ٠ɳÛݳͳí³É ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ¨ ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ëå³éÙ³Ý ¿³Ï³Ý ³× ¿ ÝϳïíáõÙ: ì»ñáÝßÛ³ÉÁ ѳëï³ïíáõÙ ¿ ëïáñ¨ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í 1998-2003ÃÃ. Ðܲ ³×Ç, Ý»ñÙáõÍÙ³Ý ¨ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÇ ¹ÇݳÙÇϳÛáí20:
20 ²½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, www.armstat.am
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 29 Üβð 19. Ðܲ, Ý»ñÙáõÍÙ³Ý ¨ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÇ ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ³Ý (ÙÉÝ ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ)
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2 000 Ðܲ Ü»ñÙáõÍáõÙ 1 500 ´Ý³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝ 1 000
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0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ í»ñáÝßÛ³É ·Í³·ñáõÙ µáÉáñ »ñ»ù óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ ³× áõÝ»Ý, áñáÝó ³éϳ ѳٳÏóí³Í ÙÇçÇÝ ³×Ç ã³÷»ñÁ Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ »Ý.
CAGR Ðܲ – 11.9% CAGR Ü»ñÙáõÍáõÙ – 12.3% CAGR ´Ý³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÁ – 15.8%
²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ãÝ³Û³Í í»ñáÝßÛ³É ³×Ç ¿³Ï³Ý ¹ñáõÛù³ã³÷»ñÇÝ »ñÏñáõÙ ëå³éÙ³Ý Ù»Í Ù³ëÁ Ï»Ýïñáݳó³Í ¿ ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, »ñÏñáõÙ ³éϳ »Ý ѳñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý Ù»Í ßáõϳÛÇ ã³÷»ñÁ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ¨ ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏÁ Ù³ñ½»ñáõÙ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ã³÷³½³Ýó ó³Íñ ¿: ²Ûë ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó êÛáõÝÇùÁ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÙÛáõë Ù³ñ½»ñÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ ³Ù»Ý³í³ï ¹ÇñùáõÙ ¿ ·ïÝíáõÙ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ³ÛÝ ·ïÝíáõÙ ¿ ºñ¨³ÝÇó` ³ÛëÇÝùÝ ëå³éáÕ³Ï³Ý ³Ù»Ý³ Ù»Í ßáõϳÛÇó µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³: ²í»ÉÇÝ, ù³ÝÇ áñ Ù³ÛñáõÕÇÝ»ñÁ ·ïÝíáõÙ »Ý É»éݳÛÇÝ Ù³ë»ñáõÙ, ³å³ êÛáõÝÇùÇó ºñ¨³Ý ѳëÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ å³Ñ³ÝçíáÕ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍÁ ãÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ: ²Û¹ ÇëÏ å³ï׳éáí ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ëå³éÙ³Ý ßáõϳÛÇ Ñ³ë³Ý»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ÃáõÛÉ ¿ ¨ Éáõñç ûñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¿ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ Ù³ñ½Ç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë öØÒ-»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
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Èñ³óáõóÇã í³ñã³Ï³Ý ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñ
ì³ñã³Ï³Ý ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÁ Éáõñç ËݹÇñÝ»ñ »Ý ³é³ç³óÝáõ٠г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ·áñͳñ³ñ áÉáñïÇ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë öØÒ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, »Ã» ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ ¨ Ù³Ûñ³ù³Õ³ùÇÝ Ùáï ·ïÝíáÕ Ù³ñ½»ñáõÙ í³ñã³Ï³Ý ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÁ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏíáõÙ »Ý ÙdzÛÝ Ñ³ñϳÛÇÝ, ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛ³Ý, Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ñïáݳ·ñáÕ Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç³ÙïáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ³å³ êÛáõÝÇùÇ öØÒ-»ñÁ Ç ÉñáõÙÝ Ýßí³Í áÉáñïÝ»ñÇ Éáõñç åñáµÉ»ÙÝ»ñÇ ¨ ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÇ »Ý ѳݹÇåáõ٠ݳ¨ ÙÇ ß³ñù ³ÛÉ å»ï³Ï³Ý ·áñͳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó, áñáÝù Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý ãå»ïù ¿ ß÷áõÙÝ»ñ áõÝ»Ý³Ý ·áñͳñ³ñÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë öØÒ-»ñÇ Ñ»ï:
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ì»ñÁ Ýßí³Í ËݹñÇÝ ³éÝãáÕ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ÃáõÛÉ ÏáÕÙ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿É ³ÛÝ ¿, áñ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ٻ˳ÝǽÙÝ»ñ ãÏ³Ý í»ñáÝßÛ³É Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ù³Û³Ï³Ý áñáßáõÙÝ»ñÁ µáÕáù³ñÏ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: ¶áñͳñ³ñ áÉáñïÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ñ»éáõ ¿ ·ïÝíáõÙ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Éñ³ïí³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇó ¨ ÅáÕáíñ¹³í³ñ³Ï³Ý ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó, ÙÇÝã¹»é Ù³ñ½áõÙ ÝٳݳïÇå ݳ˳ӻéÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÃáõÛÉ »Ý ½³ñ·³ó³Í:
Æ ÉñáõÙÝ ³ñ¹»Ý ѳïϳÝßí³Í ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇÝ ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ Ñ³Ûïݳµ»ñ»É ¿ ݳ¨, áñ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë γå³ÝáõÙ, áñÁ Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ ¿, ·áñͳñ³ñ áÉáñïÁ ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÇ ¿ ѳݹÇåáõÙ, áñáÝù ëï»ÕÍáõÙ »Ý Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ ¨ ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ å³ßïáݳÛÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳéáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ ¹áõåÉÇϳódzÛÇ ßÝáñÑÇí:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 32 γËí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ áÉáñïÝ»ñÇó
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí»ó ³é³çÇÝ ·ÉËáõÙ, êÛáõÝÇùÇ áÕç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ٻͳå»ë ϳËí³Í ¿ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÇó ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ¼äØÎ-Çó ¨ ³í»ÉÇ ùÇã ²äØÎ-Çó áõ ÎÈÐÎ-Çó: Æ ÉñáõÙÝ, í»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í Ù³ÏñáïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ êÛáõÝÇùáõ٠߳ѳ·áñÍíáÕ ëïáñ¨ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í É³í³·áõÛÝ ï³ë Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÏñÏÇÝ ³å³óáõóáõÙ »Ý Ù»Í Ï³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó21:
1. ¼äØÎ ö´À (ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ) 2. ²äØÎ ö´À (ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ) 3. ÎÈÐÎ ö´À (ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ) 4. àñáï³ÝÇ Ð¾Î-ñÇ Ï³ëϳ¹ ö´À (¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³) 5. γå³ÝÇ Ù»ù»Ý³ßÇÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñ³Ý ´´À (³é³ç³ï³ñ ¹ÇñùÁ É³í³·áõÛÝ ï³ëÝÛ³ÏáõÙ å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í ¿ Ù»Í Í³í³ÉÝ»ñáí Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ í»ñ³Ýáñá·Ù³Ùµ, áñáÝù ïñ³Ù³¹ñíáõÙ »Ý ¼äØÎ-Ç ÏáÕÙÇó) 6. êÇëÇ³Ý ÞÇÏ ´´À (ù³ñ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳÝáõÙ ¨ Ùß³ÏáõÙ) 7. §¼³Ý·»½áõñÇ ï»ùëïÇɦ ´´À (³é³ç³ï³ñ ¹ÇñùÁ É³í³·áõÛÝ ï³ëÝÛ³ÏáõÙ å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í ¿ ¼äØÎ-ÇÝ Ù»Í Í³í³ÉÝ»ñáí ï»ùëïÇÉ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë å³ñÏ»ñÇ, ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³½·»ëïÇ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñٳٵ) 8. êÇëÇ³Ý ¶ñ³Ý¹ سñÏáë êäÀ (ïñ³í»ñïÇÝÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ) 9. Ø»ÕñÇÇ å³Ñ³ÍáÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³Ý ´´À (ëÝݹ³ÙûñùÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ) 10. ì³ÛµÉ êäÀ (Ïñ³ù³ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ)
²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ í»ñáÝßÛ³É óáõó³ÏáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ·áñÍáÕ É³í³·áõÛÝ ï³ë Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó í»óÝ áõÕÕ³ÏÇáñ»Ý ³ß˳ïáõ٠ϳ٠³éÝãíáõÙ »Ý Ýßí³Í ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ áÉáñïÝ»ñÇÝ: ²í»ÉÇÝ, Ùݳó³Í ãáñë Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó »ñ»ùÁ Ý»ñ·ñ³íí³Í »Ý ï³ñµ»ñ ï»ë³ÏÇ ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ù³ñ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳÝÙ³Ý ¨ í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Ù»ç: ²é³ç³ï³ñ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ³ÏÝѳÛï ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ¨ Ù³ñ½Ç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ¨ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ ¿: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÛÉ ×ÛáõÕ»ñÇ ¨ »ÝóϳéáõÛóÝ»ñÇ ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý Ï³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó íï³Ý· ¿ ëå³éÝáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÇ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ, ù³ÝÇ áñ åáï»ÝóÇ³É í³ñÁÝóó ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ³Ý ³Û¹ áÉáñïáõ٠ϳ٠µ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ßáõϳݻñáõ٠ϳñáÕ »Ý ѳݷ»óÝ»É Ý³¨ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÛÉ áÉáñïÝ»ñáõÙ µ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý ï»Ý¹»ÝóÝ»ñÇ:
21 êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½å»ï³ñ³Ý
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 33 î»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÇ å³Ï³ëÁ
êÛáõÝÇùÁ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ë³ÑٳݳÛÇÝ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¿, áñÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ¿ ·ïÝíáõÙ Ù³Ûñ³ù³Õ³ù ºñ¨³ÝÇó: ²Ûë ·áñÍáÝÝ Çñ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõÝÇ µÇ½Ý»ëÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë µÇ½Ý»ë ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ å³Ñ³ÝçíáÕ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³: î»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ï³ëÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ·ñ»Ã» µáÉáñ ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÇÝ, ³Û¹ Ãíáõ٠ݳ¨.
лéáõëï³ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ (г۳ëï³ÝÇ áã µáÉáñ Ñ»éáõëï³³ÉÇùÝ»ñÝ »Ý ѳë³Ý»ÉÇ áÕç г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ¨ êÛáõÝÇùÝ ÇѳñÏ» ³Û¹ Ù³ñ½»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿), è³¹Çá (FM ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÁ Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ »Ý ºñ¨³ÝÁ ¨ Ùáï 50ÏÙ Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ·ïÝíáÕ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ), ÆÝï»ñÝ»ï (êÛáõÝÇùÁ ãÝ³Û³Í áõÝÇ µ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³ó³Í ٻͳù³Ý³Ï µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ³Ù»Ý³í³ïóñ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ¿ ·ïÝíáõÙ ÇÝï»ñÝ»ïÇ Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó), àõÕÕ³ÏÇ ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñ (سñ¹ÇÏ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ áõÕÕ³ÏÇ »Ý ѳÕáñ¹³ÏóíáõÙ ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó Ñ»ï ϳ٠ËáëáõÙ »Ý ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³Í ѳïáõÏ Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ¨ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï³ñ³ÍíáõÙ ¿ áÕç »ñÏñáõÙ: àñù³Ý ³í»ÉÇ Ùáï ¿ ï³ñ³ÍùÁ ºñ¨³ÝÇÝ, ³ÛÝù³Ý ³í»ÉÇ Áݹ·ñÏáõÝ ¿ ³Ûë ³ÕµÛáõñÇó ëï³ó³Í ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ):
²Ûë ûñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ å³ï׳éáí êÛáõÝÇùÇ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë öØÒ-»ñÇ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³Éáõ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³í»ÉÇ ëáõÕ »Ý Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë Ñ»ï¨Û³É ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É.
i) ì³ñϳÛÇÝ ¨ áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÁ ¨ ¹ñ³Ýó å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ii) ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ÁÝÓ»éí³Í Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ iii) ´Ç½Ý»ë ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇÝ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ¨ ϳÝáݳϳñ·áÕ ¹³ßïÁ iv) öá÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳñÏ»ñÇÝ ¨ µÇ½Ý»ëÇÝ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ ûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ v) ´Ç½Ý»ëÇÝ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ ³ÛÉ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ
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êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõ٠ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÁ, ѳïϳå»ë ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÁ ß³ï ùÇã ϳ٠ÁݹѳÝñ³å»ë ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ãáõÝ»Ý ï³ñµ»ñ Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ, ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ïñ³Ù³¹ñíáÕ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ: ê³ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ í»ñÁ Ýßí³Í ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ï³ëÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù ¿: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ß³ï ¹»åù»ñáõÙ ³Ûë ³Ù»ÝÁ ݳ¨ ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ï³ëÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù ¿: ì»ñçÇÝÝ»ñë »ñµ»ÙÝ ã»Ý ϳñáÕ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ݳµ³ñ Ó»éù µ»ñ»É, í»ñÉáõÍ»É ¨ û·ï³·áñÍ»É ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ÁÝÓ»é³Í Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 35 3. îÝï»ë³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÁ
Ðǹñá¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí»ó ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ ·ÉËáõÙ, ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ áÉáñïÁ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë Ñǹñá¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë »ñÏñáñ¹ ³Ù»Ý³Ëáßáñ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ×ÛáõÕÝ ¿ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ, áñÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ 2003Ã.-ÇÝ Ï³½ÙáõÙ ¿ñ Ùáï 1,343 ÙÉÝ ÏíŠϳ٠Ùáï 4.5 ÙÉñ¹ ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù: àÉáñïÇ Ëáßáñ³·áõÛÝ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ àñáï³ÝÇ Ð¾Î-Ý ¿:
àñáï³ÝÇ Ð¾Î-Ç ï»Õ³Ï³Ûí³Í ѽáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ 400MW ¿, ÙÇÝã¹»é Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Ï³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ »Ý Ùáï 320MW: Àëï óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ Ï³Û³ÝÁ ÃáÕ³ñÏáõÙ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý 20%-Á, áñÁ ꨳÝ-Ðñ³½¹³Ý оÎ-»ñÇ Ï³ëϳ¹Ç Ñ»ï ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ñǹñá¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ß³Ñ³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ï³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï»ëÁ ¨ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ³ñï³¹ñíáÕ 5,519 ÙÉÝ ÏíÅ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ Ùáï 24%-Á22:
Æ ÉñáõÙÝ àñáï³ÝÇ Ð¾Î-Ç Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ÷áùñ оÎ-»ñ ÝáõÛÝå»ë ·áñÍáõÙ »Ý êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ: ì»ñç»ñë ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë гٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ´³ÝÏÇ, ºØ, ²ØÜ Ø¼¶-Ç ¨ ¼ìº´-Ç Ñ»ï ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÙÇ ß³ñù ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ ¿ ݳ˳ӻéÝ»É, áñáÝù ÃÇñ³ËáõÙ »Ý í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝíáÕ ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÁ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ÷áùñ ¨ ÙÇçÇÝ Ñǹñá¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Û³ÝÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÝ ³ÙµáÕç »ñÏñáõÙ:
Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñï³¹ñíáÕ ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ·ñ»Ã» 60%-Ý ³ñï³¹ñíáõÙ ¿ ػͳÙáñÇ ³ïáٳϳ۳ÝáõÙ ¨ Ðñ³½¹³ÝÇ ç»ñÙ³¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Û³ÝáõÙ: ²Ûë »ñÏáõ ϳ۳ÝÝ»ñÇ ß³Ñ³·áñÍáõÙÝ ¿³Ï³Ý ûñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõÝÇ: ²ïáٳϳ۳ÝÁ ÑÇÙÝí»É ¿ 70- ³Ï³Ý ÃÃ.-ÇÝ ¨ Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë »ñϳñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï íï³Ý· ¿ ëå³éÝáõÙ áã ÙdzÛÝ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ, ³ÛÉ Ý³¨ áÕç ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇÝ: ²í»ÉÇÝ, ϳ۳ÝáõÙ û·ï³·áñÍíáÕ ³ïáÙ³ÛÇÝ í³é»ÉÇùÁ ß³ï óÝÏ ¿, Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ ¿ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ÙÇç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ ¿ ѻﳷ³ ÏñÇïÇÏ³Ï³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñ ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ` ÃáÕ³ñÏ»Éáí é³¹Çá³ÏïÇí ó÷áÝÝ»ñ: ØÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó ç»ñÙ³¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Û³ÝÝ»ñÁ, ãÝ³Û³Í áñ ³í»ÉÇ ùÇã ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý ·áñÍáõÙ
22 ²½·³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, www.armstat.am
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 36 ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ íñ³, ë³Ï³ÛÝ áõÝ»Ý ß³Ñ³·áñÍÙ³Ý ã³÷³½³Ýó µ³ñÓñ ÇÝùݳñÅ»ù, ù³ÝÇ áñ ¹ñ³Ýù ·áñÍáõÙ »Ý Ý»ñÙáõÍí³Í ¨ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ѳٳñíáÕ ïñ³Ýëåáñï³ÛÇÝ µ³ñÓñ ·Ý»ñáí ³é³ùí³Í óÝϳñÅ»ù ·³½áí ¨/ϳ٠ٳ½áõÃáí: ²Ûë ³Ù»ÝÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ æ¾Î-áõÙ ³ñï³¹ñí³Í Ù»Ï ÏíÅ ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ÇÝùݳñÅ»ùÁ ßáõñç 0.034 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ ¿, áñÁ ÙÇçÇÝ Ñ³ßíáí ·ñ»Ã» »ñ»ù ³Ý·³Ù ³í»ÉÇ µ³ñÓñ ¿, ù³Ý оÎ-áõÙ ³ñï³¹ñí³Í ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ÙÇçÇÝ ÇÝùݳñÅ»ùÁ: ²Ûë ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñáõ٠γé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¹áÝáñÝ»ñÇ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ ݳ˳ӻéÝ»É ¿ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ÷áùñ оÎ-»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Íñ³·ÇñÁ: ²Ûë ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó êÛáõÝÇùÁ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ³Ù»Ý³ËáëïáõÙݳÉÇó Ù³ñ½»ñÇó ¿, áñï»Õ ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ½³ñ·³óÝ»É Ñǹñá¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ëïáñ¨ ù³ñ﻽áõÙ Ù³ñ½Á µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ñ³ñáõëï ¿ çñ³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñáí:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 37 Àëï û¹»ñ¨áõóµ³Ý³Ï³Ý ϳÝ˳ï»ëáõÙÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ï»ÕáõÙÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ Ùáï 2,930 ÙÉÝ Ù3 ϳ٠620ÙÙ, áñÇó 1,520 ÙÉÝ Ù3-Á ϳ٠340ÙÙ-Ý ·áÉáñßdzÝáõÙ ¿, ÇëÏ Ùݳó³Í Ù³ëÁ ¹áõñë ¿ ·³ÉÇë ٳϻñ»ë ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ϳ٠ëÝáõÙ ¿ ÙÇçÉ»éݳÛÇÝ ·á·³íáñ ٳϻñ»ëÝ»ñÇ ³ñï»½Û³Ý çñ³Ùµ³ñÝ»ñÇ çñ³ÛÇÝ ÑáñǽáÝÝ»ñÁ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ·»ï»ñÁ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõ٠ϳñ× »Ý, ³ñ³·³Ñáë ¨ ë³Ï³í³çáõñ: ¸ñ³Ýù å³ïϳÝáõÙ »Ý ²ñ³ùëÇ çñ³í³½³ÝÇÝ: êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ëáßáñ ·»ï»ñÝ »Ý àñáï³ÝÁ, àÕçÇÝ ¨ Ø»ÕñÇ·»ïÁ: àñáï³Ý ·»ïÁ ëÏǽµ ¿ ³éÝáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÇ µ³ñÓñ³í³Ý¹³ÏÇó ¨ áõÝÇ 178 ÏÙ »ñϳñáõÃÛáõÝ, áñÇó 119ÏÙ-Ý ³ÝóÝáõÙ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ï³ñ³Íùáí: æñ³í³½³ÝÁ 5650ÏÙ2 ¿ ¨ ³ÛÝ Ã³÷íáõÙ ¿
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 38 ²ñ³ùë ·»ïÁ: ²ÛÝ É»éݳÛÇÝ ·»ï ¿ ¨ ÑáëáõÙ ¿ ËáñÁ ÏÇñ×áí, 1ÏÙ ·»ïÇ ÑëùÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ ó³Íñ³óáõÙÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ ÙÇçÇÝÁ 16Ù, ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ÙÇçÇÝ ëå³éáõÙÁ (àñáï³Ý µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ Ù³ëÇ Ùáï) 21.5Ù3/í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý ¿, ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ÑáëùÁ 680 ÙÉÝ Ù3 ¿ (³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ ÑáëùÁ ÐÐ ï³ñ³ÍùáõÙ 350Ù3/ í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý ¿, Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ ÑáëùÁ` 11Ù3/í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý): ¶»ïÁ ï³ñµ»ñ Ó¨»ñáí ¿ ëÝíáõÙ (50% ëïáñ·»ïÝÛ³ çñ»ñ »Ý): ²ÛÝ Ï³ÛáõÝ ã¿, í³ñ³ñáõÙ ¿ ·³ñݳÝÁ ¨ ³Ùé³Ý ëϽµáõÙ: ÐÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý íï³ÏÝ»ñÝ »Ý êÇëdzÝ, ²ñ³·ÇÉçáõñ, Þ³ùÇ Ñ³Ù³ÝáõÝ ·»Õ³ï»ëÇÉ çñí»Åáí, È»éݳ߻Ý, Þ³Ùµ, ì³Õ³ïÝÇ, ì³ñ³ñ³Ï (¶áñÇë) ¨ ³ÛÉÝ: êå³Ý¹³ñÛ³Ý, ²Ý·»Õ³ÏáÃ, îáÉáñë ¨ Þ³Ùµ çñ³Ùµ³ñÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ êå³Ý¹³ñÛ³Ý, Þ³Ùµ ¨ àñáï³Ý оÎ-»ñÁ ϳéáõóí³Í »Ý ·»ïÇ íñ³: êå³Ý¹³ñÛ³ÝÇ ¨ àñáï³ÝÇ áéá·Ù³Ý ѳٳϳñ·»ñÁ ÝáõÛÝå»ë ëÝíáõÙ »Ý àñáï³ÝÇó:
àÕçÇ ·»ïÁ ëÏǽµ ¿ ³éÝáõÙ ¼³Ý·»½áõñÇ É»éݳßÕóÛÇ Î³åáõïçáõÕ ·³·³ÃÇó: ²ÛÝ áõÝÇ 82ÏÙ »ñϳñáõÃÛáõÝ, çñ³í³½³ÝÁ 1175ÏÙ2 ¿ (569ÏÙ2 ÐÐ ï³ñ³ÍùáõÙ), ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ÙÇçÇÝ ëå³éáõÙÁ 9.6Ù3/í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý ¿, ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ÑáëùÁ 302.4 ÙÉÝ Ù3 ¿: êÝáõÙÁ ˳éÝ ¿, ·»ïÁ í³ñ³ñáõÙ ¿ ³åñÇÉ- ÑáõÝÇë ³ÙÇëÝ»ñÇÝ: ÐÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý íï³ÏÝ»ñÝ »Ý` ø³ç³ñ³Ý, ¶»ÕÇ, ì³ã³·³Ý, Üáñ³ß»ÝÇÏ, ¶»Õ³Ýáõß: àÕçÇ ¨ γå³Ý оÎ-»ñÁ ï»Õ³Ï³Ûí³Í »Ý ·»ïÇ íñ³: γå³Ý ¨ ø³ç³ñ³Ý ù³Õ³ùÝ»ñÁ ·ïÝíáõÙ »Ý ·»ïÇ ³÷ÇÝ:
Ø»ÕñÇ ·»ïÁ ²ñ³ùëÇ Ó³Ë íï³ÏÝ ¿: ²ÛÝ ëÏǽµ ¿ ³éÝáõÙ ¼³Ý·»½áõñÇ É»éݳßÕóÛÇ Î³åáõÛï É×Çó: ²ÛÝ áõÝÇ 36ÏÙ »ñϳñáõÃÛáõÝ, çñ³í³½³ÝÁ 274ÏÙ2 ¿: êÝíáõÙ ¿ ÓÝѳÉÇó, ³ÝÓñ¨Ý»ñÇó, ëïáñ·»ïÝÛ³ çñ»ñÇó, ÙÇçÇÝ ëå³éáõÙÁ 3.34Ù3/í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý ¿, ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ÑáëùÁ 102 ÙÉÝ Ù3: ì³ñ³ñáõÙ ¿ ·³ñݳÝÁ: Ø»ÕñÇ ·»ïÇ ³ç ³÷ÇÝ ·ïÝíáõÙ ¿ Ø»ÕñÇ ù³Õ³ùÁ:
Î³Ý ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 30 ÷áùñ É×»ñ, ³Û¹ Ãíáõ٠ݳ¨ ê¨ ¨ ²É É×»ñÁ ¶áñÇëáõÙ, ¶³½³Ý³, ̳Õϳù³ñ, γåáõï³Ý É×»ñÁ γå³ÝáõÙ ¨ γåáõÛï ÉÇ×Á Ø»ÕñÇáõÙ: ¸ñ³Ýù ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ³Ùµ³ñï³Ï³ÛÇÝ »Ý ¨ ·ïÝíáõÙ »Ý ë³éó³¹³ßï»ñÇó ·áÛ³ó³Í ÑáíÇïÝ»ñáõÙ, áñï»Õ Ïáõï³ÏíáõÙ »Ý ÓÝѳÉÇ ¨ ·³ñݳݳÛÇÝ çñ»ñÁ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáÕ Ñǹñá¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ Ý»ñϳ ¨ Ñݳñ³íáñ Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ëáõÛÝ Ñ³ßí»ïíáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ÏÇó гí»Éí³Í 1-áõÙ23:
ø³ÝÇ áñ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë å³ßïáݳå»ë Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝáÕÝ»ñ ãáõÝ»Ý, ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óñ»É ¿ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³óí³Í ѻﳽáï³Ï³Ý ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ ¨ ѳÛïݳµ»ñ»É ¿, áñ ·ñ»Ã» µáÉáñ ï»Õ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ñݳñ³íáñ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñ»ñÁ å³ïíÇñ»É »Ý ׳ñï³ñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý- ׳ñï³ñ³·Çï³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñÇ å³ïñ³ëïáõÙ, áñÝ ³é³çÇÝ ù³ÛÉÝ ¿ ϳ۳ÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñïáݳ·ñÙ³Ý ¨ ϳéáõóÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ѳí»Éí³ÍáõÙ ³Ûë Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ 23 ¶Çï³Ñ»ï³½áï³Ï³Ý ÇÝëïÇïáõï §Ð³ÛÐǹñá¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ Ìñ³·Çñ¦ ö´À
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 39 Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ѳݷ»óÝ»É ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ Ùáï 273 ÙÉÝ ÏíÅ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý 9.5 ÙÉÝ ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñÅáÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ (³é³Ýó Éáõñç ßáõϳ۳í³ñÙ³Ý/Ù³ñù»ÃÇÝ·³ÛÇÝ Í³Ëë»ñÇ), áñáÝù Ïѳݷ»óÝ»Ý Ù³ñ½áõÙ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 13% ³×Ç ¨ µ³ñÓñ í³ñÓ³ïñíáÕ Ñ³ñÛáõñ³íáñ Ýáñ ³ß˳ï³ï»Õ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý:
ÐÇÙù ÁݹáõÝ»Éáí í»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ѳÏÇñ× áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ` Êáñ¹Ññ¹³ïáõÝ »½ñ³Ï³óñ»ñó, áñ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ð¾Î-»ñÇ áÉáñïÁ` ÑÇÙÝí»Éáí ¿Å³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë ³×áÕ å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏÇ íñ³ Ù»Í åáï»ÝóÇ³É áõÝÇ ¨ Ç íÇ׳ÏÇ ÏÉÇÝÇ ³å³·³ÛáõÙ ³å³Ñáí»É »ñÏñÇ ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¿³Ï³Ý Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÝ áõ ³ç³Ïó»É г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³ÝÁ:
¼µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ
êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïáõÙ ³éϳ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ ¨ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý Áëï Ù³ñ½Ç ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ.
êÇëdzÝ
êÇëdzÝÁ ѳñáõëï ¿ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí: êÇëdzÝáõÙ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇÝ ·ñ³íáÕ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³ñÅ³Ý í³Ûñ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý гí»Éí³Í 2-áõÙ:
Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë êÇëÇ³Ý ù³Õ³ùáõ٠ϳ »ñ»ù ÑÛáõñ³Ýáó: ²Û¹ ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ëïáñ¨:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 40 ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4. êÇëÇ³Ý ù³Õ³ùÇ ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÝ»ñÁ ²Ýí³ÝáõÙ ê»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÇ §ÈÛáõùë¦ î»Õ»ñÇ ê³ÝѳݷáõÛóÝ»ñÇ ìÇ׳ÏÁ è»ëïáñ³Ý ²ÛÉ ä³Ñ³ÝçíáÕ ù³Ý³ÏÁ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñ* ù³Ý³ÏÁ ù³Ý³ÏÁ ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ÐÛáõñ³Ýáó 31 8 80 8 ì»ñç»ñë γ ²ñµ³Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ 23 §¸Çݳ – í»ñ³Ýáñá·í»É Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛó, ÉáÕ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ²Éµ»ñï¦ ¿ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ¨ ï»Õ³Ï³ÛÙ³Ý ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ»é³Ëáë, ϳ: Àݹ³Ù»ÝÁ ïáõñÇëï³Ï³Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ »ñÃáõÕÇÝ»ñ, ·Ç¹Ç, 34,500 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ óñ·Ù³ÝãÇ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, ï³ñµ»ñ ï»ë³ÏÇ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ í³ñӳϳÉáõÙ, ï³ù çáõñ ÐÛáõñ³Ýáó 50 50 75 50 ì»ñç»ñë γ îáõñÇëï³Ï³Ý Øáï 10,000 ²ØÜ §´³ë»Ý¦ í»ñ³Ýáñá·í»É »ñÃáõÕÇÝ»ñ, ·Ç¹»ñ, ¹áɳñ ³ñ»Åùáí ¿ ï³ñµ»ñ ï»ë³ÏÇ ÷áùñ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íáõÙÝ»ñ í³ñӳϳÉáõÙ, ë³áõݳ, ³½·³ÛÇÝ ËáѳÝáó, ï³ù çáõñ B&B 3 0 11 3 ì»ñç»ñë γ Èñ³óáõóÇã - §ø³ñ³ÝÓ³í¦ í»ñ³Ýáñá·í»É ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¿ ãÏ³Ý *´³ñ»Ï³ñ·í»É ¿, ѳٻٳﳵ³ñ ѳñÙ³ñ³í»ï ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñ
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 41 ¶áñÇë
êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ¶áñÇëÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÁ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ í³Ûñ ¿, áñï»Õ Ç ÉñáõÙÝ ÑÇÝ å³ïÙ³Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ Ñáõß³ñÓ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÁ ϳñáÕ »Ý í³Û»É»É ·»Õ»óÇÏ µÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ µÝ³Ï³Ý ·»Õ³ï»ëÇÉ ·áïÇÝ»ñÁ: êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ³Ù»Ý³·ñ³íÇã í³Ûñ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ î³Ã¨Ç í³ÝùÝ ¿, áñÁ ÝáõÛÝå»ë ·ïÝíáõÙ ¿ ¶áñÇë ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝáõÙ:
ÐÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³ñÅ³Ý í³Ûñ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý гí»Éí³Í 3-áõÙ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 42 Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë ¶áñÇë ù³Õ³ùáõ٠ϳ ãáñë ÑÛáõñ³Ýáó, áñáÝù Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ëïáñ¨:
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 5. ¶áñÇë ù³Õ³ùÇ ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÝ»ñÁ
²Ýí³ÝáõÙ ê»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÇ î»Õ»ñÇ ê³ÝѳݷáõÛóÝ»ñÇ ìÇ׳ÏÁ ä³Ñ³ÝçíáÕ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ù³Ý³ÏÁ ù³Ý³ÏÁ ù³Ý³ÏÁ ¶áñÇë 40 100 40 гñÏ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ´áÉáñ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ í»ñ³Ýáñá·í»Ý, ï³ù ¨ ë³éÁ ½µ³Õ»óñ»É »Ý çñ»ñÇ Ýáñ ѳٳϳñ· å»ïù ¿ ÷³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ: ï»Õ³Ï³ÛíÇ, ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ¨ ²ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ ϳÑáõÛßùÁ å»ïù ¿ ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ å»ïù ¿ í»ñ³Ýáñá·í»Ý: ÀݹѳÝáõñ í»ñ³Ýáñá·íÇ ¨ ³ñÅ»ùÁ Ùáï 100,000 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ í»ñ³Ï³Ñ³íáñíÇ: B&B 3 7 1 ì»ñç»ñë ¿ úµÛ»ÏïÁ åɳݳíáñáõÙ ¿ í»ñ³Ýáñá·í»É ÁݹɳÛÝ»É Çñ ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ѳݷëïÛ³Ý ï³Ý Ó»éù µ»ñáõÙ, ÉáÕ³í³½³ÝÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙ, ϳéùáí ׳Ù÷áñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ÀݹѳÝáõñ 10,000 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñ B&B 3 6 1 ì»ñç»ñë ¿ Èñ³óáõóÇã Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ §Ê³ãÇϦ í»ñ³Ýáñá·í»É ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ ãϳ B&B 1 3 1 ì»ñç»ñë ¿ ä»ïù ¿ ÁݹɳÛÝÇ ¨ ϳéáõóÇ í»ñ³Ýáñá·í»É ßñç³Ï³ ѳݷëïÛ³Ý í³ÛñÁ: ÀݹѳÝáõñ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ 2,500 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 43 γå³Ý
âÝ³Û³Í Î³å³ÝÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÁ ãáõÝÇ ³ÛÝåÇëÇ Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ ¨ ѳÛïÝÇ å³ïٳϳÝ, Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ ¨ ׳ñï³ñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý Ñáõß³ñÓ³ÝÝ»ñ, ÇÝãå»ë î³Ã¨Ç í³ÝùÁ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí ³ÛÝ ÝáõÛÝå»ë áõÝÇ å³ïÙ³Ùß³ÏáõÃÛ³ÇÝ Ñáõß³ñÓ³ÝÝ»ñ, ·»Õ³ï»ëÇÉ í³Ûñ»ñ áõ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ³Ýï³éÝ»ñ ¨ É»éÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ï³ñ³ÍíáõÙ »Ý áÕç γå³ÝÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝáõÙ ¨ ϳñáÕ »Ý Ñ»ï³ùñùñ»É ½µáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇÝ:
ÐÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³ñÅ³Ý í³Ûñ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý гí»Éí³Í 4-áõÙ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 44 Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë γå³ÝáõÙ Ï³Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÝ»ñÁ.
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 6. γå³Ý ù³Õ³ùÇ ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÝ»ñÇ Ýϳñ³·ÇñÁ ²Ýí³ÝáõÙ ê»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÇ î»Õ»ñÇ ê³ÝѳݷáõÛóÝ»ñÇ ìÇ׳ÏÁ ä³Ñ³ÝçíáÕ ù³Ý³ÏÁ ù³Ý³ÏÁ ù³Ý³ÏÁ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ø³ñ³í³Ý 4 8 4 ÐÛáõñ³ÝáóÁ Ýáñ ¿ ϳéáõóí»É ¨ áõÝÇ - é»ëïáñ³Ý, ë³áõݳ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛóÝ»ñ µáÉáñ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ: ´áÉáñ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñáõ٠ϳ Ùßï³Ï³Ý ï³ù ¨ ë³éÁ çáõñ: γ ݳ¨ µ³óûÃÛ³ ëñ׳ñ³Ý: ¸³ñÇëï 27 27 27 ÐÛáõñ³ÝáóÁ Ýáñ ¿ ϳéáõóí»É ¨ ѳٳñíáõÙ - ¿ êÛáõÝÇùÇ É³í³·áõÛÝ ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ: ´áÉáñ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñáõ٠ϳ Ùßï³Ï³Ý ï³ù ¨ ë³éÁ çáõñ: È»éݳ·áñÍ 60 70 60 ÐÛáõñ³ÝáóÁ ϳéáõóí»É ¿ ËáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ Øáï 20,000 ²ØÜ Å³Ù³ÝÏÝ»ñáõÙ: 60 ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÇó ÙdzÛÝ ¹áɳñ 10-áõÙ Ï³Ý ï³ù çñÇ Ñ³ñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: îáõñǽ٠8 40 8 ÐÛáõݳñáóÁ ½µ³Õ»óÝáõÙ ¿ ãáñë ѳñϳÝÇ Øáï 30,000 ²ØÜ µÛáõñá ß»Ýù ¨ µ³Õϳó³Í ¿ 7 »ñÏáõ ï»Õ³Ýáó ¹áɳñ ѳٳñÝ»ñÇó áõ Ù»Ï 26 ï»Õ³Ýáó ѳٳñÇó: ¶³ÝÓ³ë³ñ 14 30 14 ÐÛáõñ³ÝáóÁ ϳéáõóí»É ¿ ËáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ Øáï 30,000 ²ØÜ Å³Ù³ÝÏÝ»ñáõÙ: ºñÏáõ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÁ ¹áɳñ ѳٳñíáõÙ »Ý §ÉÛáõùë¦ ¨ áõÝ»Ý Ùßï³Ï³Ý çáõñ, ³Û¹ Ãíáõ٠ݳ¨ ï³ù çáõñ: ØÛáõë ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÁ ï³ù çñÇ Ñ³ñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ãáõÝ»Ý:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 45 Ø»ÕñÇ
ÎÉÇÙ³Û³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ºñ¨³ÝÇó, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ »ñÏñÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ù³ëÇó Ñ»éáõ ·ïÝí»Éáõ å³ï׳éáí Ø»ÕñÇÝ Ñ³í³Ý³µ³ñ ³ÛÝù³Ý ¿É ·ñ³íÇã ã¿ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ë³ÏÝÛáõÝÇó: ØÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó Ø»ÕñÇÝ ·ïÝíáõÙ ¿ Æñ³Ý-г۳ëï³Ý ë³ÑٳݳÛÇÝ ßñç³ÝáõÙ ¨ ³Ûëï»Õ ·ïÝí»Éáõ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõ٠ѳ׳˳ÏÇ ÑÛáõñÁÝϳÉáõÙ ¿ Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó г۳ëï³ÝÇó ¨ Æñ³ÝÇó:
ÐÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³ñÅ³Ý í³Ûñ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý гí»Éí³Í 5-áõÙ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 46 Ø»ÕñÇÇ ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ëïáñ¨:
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 7. Ø»ÕñÇ ù³Õ³ùÇ ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÝ»ñÇ Ýϳñ³·ÇñÁ ²Ýí³ÝáõÙ ê»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÇ î»Õ»ñÇ ê³ÝѳݷáõÛóÝ»ññ ìÇ׳ÏÁ ä³Ñ³ÝçíáÕ ù³Ý³ÏÁ ù³Ý³ÏÁ ù³Ý³ÏÁ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ²ñ¨ÇÏ 40 60 40 ì»ñ³Ýáñá·í³Í ã¿ ÐÛáõñ³ÝáóÁ å»ïù ¿ ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ í»ñ³Ýáñá·íÇ: ÀݹѳÝáõñ ³ñÅ»ùÁ 90,000 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ: ØÇɳ 6 12 6 г·»ó³Í ¿ ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñáí, - Ùßï³Ï³Ý ï³ù ¨ ë³éÁ çñáí: гۻñ 3 6 1 ÁݹѳÝáõñ ÐÛáõñ³ÝáóÁ ½µ³Õ»óÝáõÙ ¿ - ³é³ÝÓݳï³Ý »ñÏñáñ¹ ѳñÏÁ: ²ÛÝ áõÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³ñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý ½áõ·³ñ³ÝÁ, ÉáÕ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ, ËáѳÝáóÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ: ÐÛáõñ³ÝáóÁ ѳ·»ó³Í ¿ ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñáí: úè³Ý³ïáõÝ 2 4 1 ÁݹѳÝáõñ úµÛ»ÏïÁ ½µ³Õ»óÝáõÙ ¿ »ñ»ù - ë»Ý۳ϳÝáó µÝ³Ï³ñ³ÝÇ »ñÏáõ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÁ: ´áÉáñ ѳñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ѳٳï»Õ »Ý: úµÛ»ÏïÁ ѳ·»ó³Í ¿ ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñáí: úè³Ý³ïáõÝ 1 2 1 ÁݹѳÝáõñ Ø»Ï ë»Ý۳ϳÝáó µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý ¿: - г·»ó³Í ¿ ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñáí: î³ù çáõñ ãϳ: ¾ÉÛ³ 20 20 1 ÁݹѳÝáõñ ê»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÁ ϳѳíáñí³Í »Ý: ê³ÝѳݷáõÛóÁ гٳï»Õ ë³ÝѳݷáõÛó áõÝÇ í»ñ³Ýáñá·»Éáõ ѳٳñ Ùßï³Ï³Ý ï³ù ¨ ë³éÁ çáõñ: 1,000 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 47 ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí»ó ½µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ í»ñáÝßÛ³É ·ÉËáõÙ Ù³ñ½Ý áõÝÇ å³ïٳϳÝ, Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ ¨ ׳ñï³ñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ µÝáõÃÛáõÝ, áñÁ ·ñ³íáõÙ ¿ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇÝ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, »ÝóϳéáõÛóÝ»ñÇ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ ÝٳݳïÇå ѳñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí ³Ûëï»Õ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ½³ñ·³ó³Í ã¿: ²Ûë ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó å»ïù ¿ Ç ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ, áñ Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë ½µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë Ý»ñùÇÝ ïáõñǽÙÁ ͳÕÏáõÙ ¿ ³åñáõ٠г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ: ²ÛÝåÇëÇ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÝ áõ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý ̳ÕϳÓáñÁ, ꨳÝÁ ¨ ¸ÇÉÇç³ÝÁ Çñ³óÝáõÙ »Ý ÑÛáõñ³Ýáó³ÛÇÝ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÁ 30-50²ØÜ ¹áɳñ ûñ³í׳ñáí:
êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ áñáß³ÏÇ Ýáñ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñ »Ý ϳï³ñí»É, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë êÇëdzÝáõÙ ¨ γå³ÝáõÙ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñ Ï³Ý ÇÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³É áÉáñïáõÙ: úñÇÝ³Ï ¼äØÎ Çñ åñáýÇɳÏïáñÇáõÙáí ϳñáÕ ¿ ³é³çÇÝÁ ¹³éÝ³É êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý áÉáñïáõÙ:
êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ½³ñ·³óÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ ϳñ¨áñ ¿ ß»ßïÁ ¹Ý»É áã ÙdzÛÝ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ëå³éáÕÝ»ñÇ, ³ÛÉ Ý³¨ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³ó³Í ½µáë³ßñçÇϳÛÇÝ ·áñͳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³, áñáÝù ϳñ¨áñ ¹»ñ »Ý ϳï³ñáõ٠ꨳݳ É×áõÙ ¨ ̳ÕϳÓáñáõÙ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍáõÙ:
¼µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛ³ÝÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ Ï³ñ¨áñ ÷³ëï ¿ ѳٳñíáõÙ ³ÛÝ, áñ ³Ûó»ÉáõÝ»ñÇó ëï³óí³Í ѳëáõÛÃÁ ï³ñ³ÍíáõÙ ¿ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ É³ÛÝ Ñ³ÝñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç, áñáÝù ϳñáÕ »Ý ÉÇÝ»É Ñáõß³Ýí»ñÝ»ñ å³ïñ³ëïáÕÝ»ñ ¨ í³×³éáÕÝ»ñ, ï³ñµ»ñ µÝáõÛÃÇ ÑÛáõñÝϳÉÙ³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáÕÝ»ñ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ: Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë гٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ´³ÝÏÁ ýÇݳÝë³íáñ»É ¿ åÇÉáï³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·Çñ, áñÁ ÏáãíáõÙ ¿ îáõñǽÙÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ î³Ã¨áõÙ: ì»ñçÇÝÇë Ýå³ï³ÏÝ ¿ ÏñÃ»É ¨ Ëñ³Ëáõë»É ßñç³Ï³ ·ÛáõÕ»ñÇ µÝ³ÏÇãÝ»ñÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¨ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ ³é³ç³ñÏ»É í³Ýù ³Ûó»ÉáÕ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇÝ:
¼µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿É ³ÛÝ ¿, áñ Ïáï»çÝ»ñÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙÝ áõ ߳ѳ·áñÍáõÙÁ, áñå»ë ½µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ÏݳñÏ (ÇÝãå»ë ¹³ ϳï³ñí»ó ꨳݳ É×áõÙ) Ïѳݷ»óÝÇ Ý³¨ öØÒ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ ¨ ϳí»É³óÝÇ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ µÝ³ÏÇãÝ»ñÇ »Ï³ÙáõïÁ:
سñ½áõÙ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ½³ñ·³óÝ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí ϳñ¨áñ ¿ ѳïϳÝᯐ ¨ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï»ÝïñáݳóÝ»É áã ÙdzÛÝ å³ïÙ³Ï³Ý ¨ Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ Ñáõß³ñÓ³ÝÝ»ñÇ, ³ÛÉ Ý³¨ ³ÛÝ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ íñ³, áñáÝù ³ãùÇ »Ý ÁÝÏÝáõÙ ÛáõñûñÇÝ³Ï µÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ¨ ѳïϳå»ë ½µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ·ñ³íáÕ ³ÛÝåÇëÇ áÉáñïÝ»ñáí, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý É»éݳ·Ý³óáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 48 ¾É»ÏïñáÝÇϳ ¨ Ù»ù»Ý³ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ
ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ßñç³ÝÇ í»ñçáõÙ ¿É»ÏïñáÝÇÏ³Ý ¨ Ù»Ýù»Ý³ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³Ù»Ý³½³ñ·³ó³Í áÉáñïÝ»ñÇó ¿ÇÝ: ¾É»ÏïñáÝÇϳÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ Ï»Ýïñáݳó³Í ¿ñ γå³ÝáõÙ ¨ áñáß ã³÷áí êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³ÛÉ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ: êï³Ý³Éáí ºñ¨³ÝÇ åáÉÇï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÇÝëïÇïáõïÇ (г۳ëï³ÝÇ å»ï³Ï³Ý ׳ñï³ñ³å»ï³ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý) γå³ÝÇ Ù³ëݳ×ÛáõÕÇ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ ·ïÝíáÕ ³ÛÉ µ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÇÝëïÇïáõïÝ»ñÇ áñ³ÏÛ³É ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ` ÜÊØ Î³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ݳ˳ӻéÝ»ó ³Û¹ ųٳݳÏÝ»ñáõÙ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ³é³ç³ï³ñ ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ: Üßí³Í ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÃíáõÙ »Ý §Î³å³ÝÇ ¿É»Ïïñáݦ, §Î³å³ÝÇ é»É»Ç ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦, §Î³å³ÝÇ Ïáݹ»Ýë³ïáñÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦, §Î³å³ÝÇ É³Ùå»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦, §¶áñÇë ¶³Ùٳݦ, §êÇëdzÝÇ ïñ³Ý½ÇëïáñÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦, §Î³å³ÝÇ Ù»ù»Ý³ßÇÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦, §êÇëdzÝÇ É³Ùå»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦ ¨ §êÇëdzÝÇ Ïáݹ»Ýë³ïáñÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦: ²ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ù»Í Ù³ëÁ í³×³éíáõÙ ¿ñ ÜÊØ-áõÙ` ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ÃÇñ³Ë»Éáí å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³:
²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ÜÊØ ÷Éáõ½áõÙÇó ¨ Ý³ËÏÇÝ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ϳå»ñÇ Ù³ëݳïáõÙÇó Ñ»ïá áÉáñïÝ ³Ù»ÝÇó ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï ïáõÅ»ó êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ¨ Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ýí»Éáõ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ·ñ»Ã» ãáõÝÇ: Àëï å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ 2003Ã.-ÇÝ Ù³ñ½áõÙ §ê³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñǦ áÉáñïÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ϳ½Ù»ó Áݹ³Ù»ÝÁ 195 ÙÉÝ ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù (Ùáï 348,000 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ), áñÁ 20.4% ³ÝÏáõÙ ¿ ݳËáñ¹ ï³ñí³ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ:
àÉáñïÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáÕ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ íÇ׳ÏÁ ¨ ѳÏÇñ× í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ëïáñ¨.
§¶áñÇë ¶³ÙÙ³¦
§¶áñÇë ¶³ÙÙ³¦ ´´À-Ý Ñ³í³Ý³µ³ñ áÉáñïÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáÕ ³Ù»Ý³Ñ³çáÕ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ: ÀÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³ó³Í ¿ ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ, Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ, ×ß·ñÇï Ù»ù»Ý³ßÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÝÛáõûñÇ ¨ ûåïÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõûñÇ Ý³Ë³·ÍÙ³Ý ¨ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç: ÀÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ 2002Ã.-ÇÝ Ï³½ÙáõÙ ¿ñ Ùáï 206,000 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ, áñÇ ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 75% í»ñ³·ñíáõÙ ¿ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ èáõë³ëï³Ý ¨ γݳ¹³ ϳï³ñí³Í ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³ÝÁ: ²Ûë ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³éáõÙáí Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ËݹÇñ ¿ ѳݹÇë³ÝáõÙ ³ÛÝ, áñ í»ñçÇÝ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ í»ñçÇÝë ϳÛáõÝ ³× ¿ áõÝ»ó»É:
Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõÝÇ Ùáï 130 ³ß˳ï³ÏÇó 30,000 ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù ÙÇçÇÝ ³Ùë»Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓáí: ÀÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñ»ñÁ ѳۻñ »Ý: ÀÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõÝÇ ISO
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 49 9001 áñ³ÏÇ ë»ñïÇýÇÏ³ï ¨ ϳÝáݳíáñ Ï»ñåáí Ù³ëݳÏóáõÙ ¿ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ¨ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý CEBIT 2003-Á ¶»ñÙ³ÝdzÛáõÙ: âÝ³Û³Í ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ µ³Õϳó³Í »Ý 80-³Ï³Ý ÃÃ.-ÇÝ ï»Õ³Ï³Û³í³Í ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇó, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí ¹ñ³Ýù É³í »Ý å³Ñå³Ýí»É ¨ ¹»é¨ë Ç íÇ׳ÏÇ »Ý ѳñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ÙñóáõÝ³Ï ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ ³ñï³¹ñ»É:
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ÀÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ãÇ ³ß˳ï»É 2000Ã.-Çó Ç í»ñ: ÀÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³ó³Í ¿ é»É»Ý»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç: Æ ÉñáõÙÝ ³Ûë ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ù³ëݳ·Çï³óÙ³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ý»ñ·ñ³íí³Í ¿ñ ݳ¨ Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛóÝ»ñÇ, ëï³µÇÉǽ³ïáñÝ»ñÇ, ¨ Ó³Ûݳ·ñÇãÝ»ñÇ, Ïñ³ÏáÕ Ë³Õ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ, ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý çñ³ï³ù³óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ Ý»ñùÇÝ û¹³÷áËÇãÝ»ñÇ ß³ñÅÇãÝ»ñÇ Ñ»é³Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ë³ñù»ñÇ Ý³Ë³·ÍÙ³Ý ¨ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç: γå³ÝÇ é»É»Ç ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ ³ß˳ï³ï»Õ»ñÇ ¨ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ åÇÏÇÝ Ñ³ë³í 1988-1991ÃÃ.: ²Û¹ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ï³½ÙÁ µ³Õϳó³Í ¿ñ 1500 Ù³ñ¹áõó: ÀݹѳÝáõñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ í³×³éíáõÙ ¿ñ èáõë³Ï³Ý ßáõϳÛáõÙ:
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êÇëdzÝáõÙ ³éϳ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÝ Áëï ·ÛáõÕ»ñÇ ¨ ³Ý³ëݳå³Ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ гí»Éí³Í 6-áõÙ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 52 гí»Éí³Í 6-áõÙ ³Ù÷á÷í³Í ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó »ñ¨áõÙ ¿, áñ 2003Ã.-ÇÝ êÇëdzÝáõÙ ³ñï³¹ñí»É ¿ 491.6 ïáÝݳ ÙÇë, 13,869.5 ïáÝݳ ϳÃ, 1.92 ÙÉÝ Ñ³ï Óáõ, 46 ïáÝݳ µáõñ¹, 54.2 ïáÝݳ ϳßÇ ¨ 88.2 ïáÝݳ Ù»Õñ:
êÇëdzÝáõÙ ³éϳ ϳÃÇ å³ß³ñÝ»ñÁ µ³í³ñ³ñ »Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ¨ ѳٻٳﳵ³ñ Ù»Í Ï³ÃݳÙûñùÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÑÇÙÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ºñ¨³ÝÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ëå³éáÕ³Ï³Ý ßáõϳÛÇó Ù»Í Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí å³ÝÇñÁ ÙÇ³Ï ïÝï»ë³å»ë ѳñÙ³ñ ³åñ³ÝùÝ ¿ ѳٳñíáõÙ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ѳñÏ ¿ Ýᯐ áñ å³ÝñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ùµ³íÇ ³éáõÙáí ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ ¨ Ùáï³Ï³ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ êÇëdzÝÁ ½ÇçáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÉ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÑÛáõëÇë-³ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ: ²Ûë Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇó ¹áõñë ·³Éáõ ѳٳñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É å³ÝñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ÷³Ã»Ã³íáñÙ³Ý áÉáñïÝ»ñáõÙ: γÃÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛ³Ý ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ å³ÝñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Éñ³óáõóÇã Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ å»ïù ¿ ïñ³Ù³¹ñí»Ý Ñݳñ³íáñ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇÝ å³Ñ³ÝçíáÕ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ·ñ³í»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: Æ ÉñáõÙÝ, ãÝ³Û³Í êÇëdzÝáõÙ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ µ³ñÓñáñ³Ï å³ÝñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, »ñÏñáõ٠ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݳµ³ñ ï»Õ»Ï³óí³Í ã»Ý ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ:
Øë³ÙûñùÝ»ñÇ Ýßí³Í ͳí³ÉÝ»ñÁ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý ï³ÉÇë ëï»ÕÍ»É »ñßÇÏÇ ÷áùñ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ÏÃÇñ³Ë»Ý ºñ¨³ÝÇ å³ïíÇñ³ïáõÝ»ñÇÝ: Æ ÉñáõÙÝ, ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ å»ïù ¿ Ç ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳ, áñ ³Ù»Ý ï³ñÇ êÇëdzÝÁ Ù»Í ù³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ãÙß³Ïí³Í ϳßÇ ¿ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙ ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ ³é¨ïñ³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ áõ í»ñ³Ùß³ÏáÕÝ»ñÇÝ: ²Ù»Ý ï³ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñíáÕ ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 50 ïáÝݳ ϳßÇÝ µ³í³ñ³ñ ¿ êÇëdzÝáõ٠ϳßíÇ í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ÷áùñ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÑÇÙÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ:
²Ý³ëݳå³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý ³éϳ Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë Ëáßáñ »Õç»ñ³íáñ ³Ý³ëáõÝÝ»ñÇ, Ëá½»ñÇ, áã˳ñÝ»ñÇ áõ ³ÛÍ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ, ÃéãݳµáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ Ù»Õí³µáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ êÇëdzÝáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý гí»Éí³Í 7-áõÙ:
Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë, ÇÝãå»ë ³Ù÷á÷í³Í ¿ гí»Éí³Í 7-áõÙ êÇëdzÝáõ٠ϳ Áݹ³Ù»ÝÁ 17,024 Ëáßáñ »Õç»ñ³íáñ ³Ý³ëáõÝ, 25,479 áã˳ñ ¨ ³ÛÍ, 537 Ëá½, 30,000 ѳí áõ ³ùÉáñ ¨ 5,880 Ù»ÕíÇ ÷»Ã³ÏÝ»ñ: êÇë³ÝáõÙ Ùß³ÏíáÕ µ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»ÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³Ù÷á÷í³Í ¿ гí»Éí³Í 8-áõÙ:
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ гí»Éí³ÍáõÙ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý »Ýóϳ ÙÇ³Ï Ñݳñ³íáñ µ»ñùÁ óáñ»ÝÝ ¿: Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë êÇë³ÝáõÙ Ï³Ý ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ³Éñ³Õ³óÝ»ñ: Øñ·»ñÁ ¨ ѳï³åïáõÕÝ»ñÁ ³ÛÝù³Ý ÷áùñ ͳí³É áõÝ»Ý êÇëdzÝáõÙ, áñ ¹ñ³Ýù µáÉáñÁ ËÙµ³íáñí³Í »Ý Ù»Ï ëÛáõÝÛ³ÏáõÙ ¨ ÙdzëÇÝ Ï³½ÙáõÙ »Ý ï³ñ»Ï³Ý 31.4 ïáÝݳ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 53 ¶áñÇëÇ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ
¶áñÇëÇ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÝ Áëï ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ¨ ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ гí»Éí³Í 9-áõÙ:
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ѳí»Éí³ÍáõÙ 2003Ã.-ÇÝ ¶áñÇëáõÙ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÝ Áëï ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³åñ³Ýù³ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÇ »Õ»É ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÁ. 1,630 ïáÝݳ ÙÇë, 16,442 ïáÝݳ ϳÃ, 6.5 ÙÉÝ Ñ³ï Óáõ, 58.6 ïáÝݳ µáõñ¹ ¨ Ùáï 18,000 Ïïáñ ϳßÇ: Øë³ÙûñùÝ»ñÇ ¨ ϳÃÇ í»ñáÝßÛ³É Ãí»ñÁ µ³í³Ï³Ý »Ý ¶áñÇëáõ٠ϳÃÇ ¨ ÙëÇ ÷áùñ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÑÇÙÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: ÆÝãå»ë ¨ êÇëdzÝÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ÃÇñ³Ëí»Éáõ ¿ ºñ¨³ÝÇ ßáõϳÝ, ³å³ ϳÃÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ å»ïù ¿ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï»ÝïñáݳóÝÇ å³ÝñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³:
¶áñÇëáõÙ Ùß³ÏíáÕ Ùñ·»ñÁ, µ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»ÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ѳó³Ñ³ïÇÏÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý гí»Éí³Í 10-áõÙ: ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ гí»Éí³Í 10-áõÙ µáÉáñ ï»ë³ÏÇ Ùñ·»ñÇ, µ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»ÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ѳó³Ñ³ïÇÏÝ»ñÇ ³éáõÙáí ¶áñÇëÝ áõÝÇ ã³÷³½³Ýó ÷áùñ ѳٳ˳éÝ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù: ²ÛëåÇëÇ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙ »Ý ݳ¨ ëÝݹ³ÙûñùÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñͳñ³ñ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: Æ ÉñáõÙÝ í»ñáÝßÛ³ÉÇ ¶áñÇëáõÙ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ÙûñíáõÙ ¿ Ùáï 32 ïáÝݳ Ùáß:
γå³ÝÇ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ
γå³ÝáõÙ ³Ý³ëݳå³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý áõ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ïïñí³Íùáí ï³ñ»Ï³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý гí»Éí³Í 11-áõÙ ¨ 12-áõÙ:
ÆÝãå»ë ѳïϳÝßí³Í ¿ гí»Éí³Í 11-áõÙ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë í»ñçÇÝ ïáÕáõÙ ³Ù÷á÷í³Í ÁݹѳÝáõñ ù³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõ٠γå³ÝáõÙ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í ï»Õ ¿ ½µ³Õ»óÝáõÙ ³Ý³ëݳå³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ºÃ» ÙëÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ 325 ïáÝݳ, áñÁ µ³í³ñ³ñ ã¿ ÙëÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, ³å³ ϳÃÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ µ³í³ñ³ñ ¿ ϳÃݳÙûñùÝ»ñÇ ÷áùñ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ëï»ÕÍ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: γÃݳÙûñùÇ ÷áùñ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë å³ÝñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙÝáõÙÁ ѳïϳå»ë ϳñ¨áñ ¿, ù³ÝÇ áñ ϳÃÁ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñ»Éáõ »Ý áã û ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ëáßáñ ý»ñÙ»ñÝ»ñ, ³ÛÉ Ñ³ñÛáõñ³íáñ ·ÛáõÕ³óÇÝ»ñ: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñ Ïû·ïí»Ý ³Û¹ ݳ˳ӻéÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó: ÜٳݳïÇå ݳ˳ӻéÝáõÃÛáõÝ í»ñç»ñë Çñ³Ï³Ý³óñ»É ¿ γå³ÝÇ Ò»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¼³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Î»ÝïñáÝÁ OXFAM (Ø»Í ´ñÇï³Ýdz) ýÇݳÝë³íáñٳٵ:
γßíÇ ·ÝáõÙÝ áõ í»ñ³Ùß³ÏáõÙÁ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ áÉáñï ¿, áñÁ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³×Ç ¨ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõÝÇ: ²Ûë »ÝóáÉáñïáõÙ ³éϳ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ µ³í³ñ³ñ »Ý ϳßíÇ í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³Ù³ë ÑÇÙÝ»Éáõ ¨ ½³ñ·³óÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 54 γå³ÝáõÙ Ùñ·»ñÇ, µ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»ÝÇ ¨ ѳó³Ñ³ïÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ гí»Éí³Í 12-áõÙ:
Æ ÉñáõÙÝ, гí»Éí³ÍáõÙ ³Ù÷á÷í³Í µ»ñùÇ Î³å³ÝáõÙ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý Ùß³ÏíáõÙ ¿ 44.6 ïáÝݳ Ùáß: ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ гí»Éí³Íáõ٠γå³ÝáõÙ ãÏ³Ý µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ Ùñ·»ñÇ ¨ µ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»ÝÝ»ñÇ É³Ûݳͳí³É Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, Ùñ·»ñÇ, µ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»ÝÇ ¨ ѳï³åïáõÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ë³éÝ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ µ³í³ñ³ñ ÉÇÝ»É Ù³Ýñ³Í³Ë ßáõϳÛÇ íñ³ ÃÇñ³Ëí³Í å³Ñ³ÍáÛ³·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ, áñÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É γå³ÝÇ å³Ñ³ÍáÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÇ Ï³Ù áñ¨Çó¿ Ýáñ ³í»ÉÇ ÷áùñ å³Ñ³ÍáÛ³·áñÍ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³Ù³ëÇ ÏáÕÙÇó:
Ø»ÕñÇÇ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ
Ø»ÕñÇÇ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý гí»Éí³Í 13-áõÙ: ´³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùµ ϳÃÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ø»ÕñÇÇ ³Ý³ëݳå³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï ¿ ¨ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ãÇ ÁÝÓ»éáõÙ: Øñ·»ñÇ, µ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»ÝÇ ¨ ѳó³Ñ³ïÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙÁ Ø»ÕñÇáõÙ ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¿ ÁÝÓ»éáõÙ ¨ ³Ù÷á÷í³Í ¿ гí»Éí³Í 14-áõÙ: Æ ÉñáõÙÝ Ð³í»Éí³Í 14-áõÙ ³Ù÷á÷í³Í ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ø»ÕñÇÝ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ï³ÉÇë ¿ Ùáï 6 ïáÝݳ Ùáß: ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ гí»Éí³ÍáõÙ Ç ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý³ëݳå³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý Ø»ÕñÇáõÙ Ùñ·»ñÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ß³ï »Ý: ì»ñçÇÝë Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ï³ÉÇë áõÝ»Ý³É áã ÙdzÛÝ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ³Ù»Ý³³é³ç³ï³ñ å³Ñ³ÍáÝÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, ³ÛÉ Ý³¨ ³×»óÝ»É µ³½Ù³ï»ë³Ï Ùñ·»ñ ¨ í³×³é»É ¹ñ³Ýù Ù³ñ½áõÙ áõ ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ:
êáõÛÝ ·ÉËáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñáõÙ ¨ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ù³ÏñáïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñáõÙ ³éϳ »Ý ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, å»ïù ¿ Ç ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ, áñ ³Ûë ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ ÑÇÙÝí³Í »Ý áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÇ ÏáÕÙÇó êÛáõÝÇùÇ µáÉáñ ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñáõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí³Í áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ñ³ñóáõÙÝ»ñÇ íñ³:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ëïáñ¨.
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 55 ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 8. êÛáõÝÇùÇ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ (ïáÝݳ) ØÇë γà Òáõ ´áõñ¹ γßÇ Ø»Õñ òáñ»Ý ´³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ý Øñ·»ñ γñïáýÇÉ Ð³ï³åïáõÕÝ»ñ (000’ѳï) (Ïïáñ)
γå³Ý 325.3 5,665 2,546 7.3 5,342 1,756 2,525 331 3,191 64.4
¶áñÇë 1,630 16,442 6,540 58.6 18,345 14,800 1,529 1,070 3,524 49.7 êÇëÇ³Ý 491.6 13,869 1,920 46 7,700 88.2 11,737 6,150 314 14,690 0 Ø»ÕñÇ 191.7 1,487 417 3.9 1,507 0 422 2,600 336 11.7 Àݹ³Ù»ÝÁ 2,638.6 37,463 11,423 115.8 32,894 88.2 28,293 10,626 4,315 21,741 125.8
ì»ñáÝßÛ³É ³ÕÛáõë³ÏáõÙ ³Ù÷á÷í³Í ÁݹѳÝáõñ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ñ³ïϳÝß³Ï³Ý »Ý ¨ ϳñáÕ »Ý û·ï³·áñÍí»É Ù³ñ½áõÙ ³·ñáÙß³ÏÙ³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ¨ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõ٠ݳ¨ áñáß³ÏÇ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ»ñ ݳ˳ӻéÝ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 56 гÝù³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ (µ³óÇ åÕÇÝÓÝ áõ ÙáÉǵ¹»ÝÁ)
àÕç ïíÛ³É áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ Ñ³ïϳÝᯐ ¿ êÛáõÝÇùáõ٠ѳÝù³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ Ï³ñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë åÕÝÓÇ áõ ÙáÉǵ¹»ÝÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ áÕç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý »ÝóϳéáõÛóÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
Æñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ, êÛáõÝÇùÁ ѳñáõëï ¿ ѳÝù³ÛÇÝ å³ß³ñÝ»ñáí, ³Û¹ Ãíáõ٠ݳ¨ ù³ñ»ñÇ ¨ Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ûïݳµ»ñí³Í ¨ ѻﳽáïí³Í ѳÝù³í³Ûñ»ñáí: гÝù³ÛÇÝ å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë µñáݽÇ, åÕÝÓÇ áõ ³ÛÉ Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ùß³ÏáõÙÁ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ëÏëí»É ¿ ѳ½³ñ³íáñ ï³ñÇÝ»ñ ³é³ç: êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ÇÝï»ÝëÇí ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝóóùáõÙ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ÑÝ¿³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõûñ »Ý ѳÛïݳµ»ñí»É, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý. µñáݽ» ³ñÓ³Ý (Ù.Ã.³. 1400-1700) ¿ ·ïÝí»É êÛáõÝÇù ·ÛáõÕáõÙ, ø³ç³ñ³ÝÇ Ñ³ÝùáõÙ ´ñáݽ» ¸³ñÇ Ï³óÇÝ ¿ ·ïÝí»É, γå³Ý-ø³ç³ñ³Ý ³íïá׳ݳå³ñÑÇ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ù³ñ» Ó¨»ñ »Ý ѳÛïݳµ»ñí»É µéÝÏÇã ëáõñ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ (Ù.Ã.³. II ѳ½³ñ³ÙÛ³Ï):
êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ñ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÏÇó û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ ëÏëí»É ¿ 19-ñ¹ ¹³ñÇ Ï»ë»ñÇÝ: ²é³çÇÝ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ѳÝù³Ñ³ÝáõÙÁ ݳ˳ӻéÝí»É ¿ ýñ³ÝëdzϳÝ, ÑáõÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ éáõë³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ²·³ñ³ÏáõÙ ¨ γå³ÝáõÙ: ²Û¹ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ÃÇñ³ËáõÙ ¿ÇÝ åÕÇÝÓÁ: ²Û¹ ųٳݳϳѳïí³ÍáõÙ, ³ÛÝ ¿` 19- ñ¹ ¹³ñÇ Ï»ë»ñÇó ÙÇÝ㨠ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ 1917Ã.-ÇÝ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ñ³Ýù»ñÇó ³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳÝí»É ¿ñ Ùáï 33,000 ïáÝݳ åÕÇÝÓ24:
Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ï³ñ¨áñ³·áõÛÝ Ñ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÝ »Ý ½³Ý³½³Ý Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÁ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ÙáÉǵ¹»ÝÁ, åÕÇÝÓÁ, óÇÝÏÁ, ϳå³ñÁ ¨ ÃÇûÕÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ³í»ÉÇ ùÇã ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ óÝϳñÅ»ù Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù »Ý áëÏÇÝ ¨ ³ñͳÃÁ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, óÝϳñÅ»ù Ù»ï³Õ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÁ ݳ¨ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ñ³ñáõëï ¿ áã óÝϳñÅ»ù, ë³Ï³ÛÝ áã å³Ï³ë ³ñÅ»ù³íáñ áã Ù»ï³Õ³Ï³Ý ѳÝù³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñáí ¨ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ù³ñ»ñáí: Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë ³Ûë áÉáñïÇ Ï³ñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í³ÝáõÙ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ í»ñçÇÝ ÑÇÝ· ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÏÝѳÛï ³×Ç ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ:
²ÛÅÙ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ Ï³Ý ÐРѳٳϳå³ï³ëË³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ïñ³Ù³¹ñí³Í ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ³ñïáݳ·ñ»ñáí ³ß˳ïáÕ 27 ѳÝù³í³Ûñ»ñ: ²Ù»Ý³Ù»Í
24 www.syunik.am
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 57 ѳÝù³í³Ûñ»ñÁ û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ »Ý ¼³Ý·»½áõñÇ åÕÝÓ³ÙáÉǵ¹»Ý³ÛÇÝ ÏáÙµÇݳïÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ø³ç³ñ³ÝáõÙ, áñÇÝ Ñ³çáñ¹áõÙ ¿ γå³ÝÇ É»éݳѳñëï³óÙ³Ý ÏáÙµÇݳïÁ ¨ ²·³ñ³ÏÇ åÕÝÓ³ÙáÉǵ¹»Ý³ÛÇÝ ÏáÙµÇݳïÁ: ¼äØΠ߳ѳ·áñÍáõÙ ¿ ѳÝù³í³Ûñ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ϳ½ÙáõÙ »Ý ѳݳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ÙáÉǵ¹»ÝÇ å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ 8%-Á: Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë ѳÛïݳµ»ñí³Í åÕÝÓÇ ¨ ÙáÉǵ¹»ÝÇ Ñ³Ýù³í³Ûñ»ñÁ ¨ë 200 ï³ñÇ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý û·ï³·áñÍí»É ¼äØÎ-Ç ÏáÕÙÇó:
´³óÇ ³Ûë å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇó Ù³ñ½áõÙ Ï³Ý Ý³¨ áã Ù»ï³Õ³ÛÇÝ ¨ Ù»ï³Õ³ÛÇÝ ÝÛáõûñÇ ½·³ÉÇ å³ß³ñÝ»ñ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý ÙáÉǵ¹»ÝÁ, åÕÇÝÓÁ, ϳå³ñÁ, »ñϳÃÁ, ٳݷ³Ý»½Á ¨ ³ÛÉÝ, áñáÝù Ï»Ýïñáݳó³Í »Ý êí³ñ³ÝóáõÙ, ºñϳóù³ñáõÙ, ø³ç³ñ³ÝáõÙ, ²·³ñ³ÏáõÙ, ¸³ëï³Ï»ñïáõÙ, ²Û·»ÓáñáõÙ, ÈÇ×ùáõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ γå³ÝÇ åÕÝÓÇ åÇñÇïÁ γå³ÝáõÙ, áëÏáõ ѳÝù»ñÁ Þ³ÑáõÙÛ³ÝáõÙ, î»ñï»ñ³ë³ñáõÙ, سñç³ÝáõÙ, ÈÇ×Ïí³½áõÙ ¨ »ÛáõÙ:
Æ ÉñáõÙÝ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÇ, åÕÝÓ³ÙáÉǵ¹»Ý³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýù³í³Ûñ»ñÁ Ý»ñ³éáõÙ »Ý ݳ¨ µ³Õ³¹ñÇã ï³ññ»ñ, áñáÝù ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý: ¸ñ³ÝóÇó ³í»ÉÇ Ï³ñ¨áñÝ»ñÝ »Ý é»ÝÇáõÙÁ (åÕÝÓ³ÙáÉǵ¹»Ý³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýù»ñáõÙ) ¨ ϳ¹ÙÇáõÙÁ (óÇÝÏ å³ñáõݳÏáÕ Ñ³Ýù»ñáõÙ): àñå»ë µ³Õ³¹ñÇã ï³ññ»ñ áëÏÇ ¨ ³ñͳà ¿ ѳÛïݳµ»ñí»É åÕÝÓ³-ÙáÉǵ¹»Ý³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýù³í³Ûñ»ñáõÙ: àã Ù»ï³Õ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ý³Íá ѳÝù³ÝÛáõûñÇó »Ý Ù³ñÙ³ñÁ ¨ Ïñ³ù³ñ»ñÁ (γå³Ý ¨ ¶áñÇë), µ³½³ÉïÁ (êÇëdzÝ) áõ ·ñ³ÝÇïÁ (Ø»ÕñÇ): Üßí³Í ѳÝù³ÝÛáõûñÝ û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ »Ý áñå»ë »ñ»ë³å³ïÙ³Ý ù³ñ»ñ: ´³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ß³ï ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ù³ñ»ñ (µ³½³Éï) Ï³Ý ¶áñÇëÇ ¨ êÇëdzÝÇ Ñ³Ýù»ñáõÙ: ²Ý·»Õ³ÏáÃÇ ¨ ²ñÍí³ÝÇÏÇ Ññ³µË³ÛÇÝ Ë³ñ³ÙÝ»ñÝ áõ Þ³ùÇÇ ³í³½³-ϳí³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýù»ñÁ ѳñáõëï »Ý ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý Éó³ÝÛáõûñáí: Ø»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ µ³½³Éï ¿ ѳÛïݳµ»ñí»É ¶Çñ³Ã³ÕÇ (γå³Ý), Ø»ÕñÇÇ ¨ àñáï³ÝÇ (êÇëdzÝ) åáñÇýñÇïÇ, ¹ÇáñÇïÇ ¨ ¹Ç³ïáÙÇïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ýù³í³Ûñ»ñáõÙ:
سëݳ·Çï³óí³Í ѻﳽáï³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó µáÉáñáíÇÝ í»ñç»ñë ϳï³ñí³Í ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ Ï³Ý µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõûñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ñ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ å³ß³ñÝ»ñ å³ñáõݳÏáÕ Ñ³Ýù³í³Ûñ»ñ25, áñáÝù ³Ù÷á÷í³Í »Ý ѳí»Éí³Í 15-áõÙ:
âÝ³Û³Í ³Ûëù³Ý Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë êÛáõÝÇùáõ٠ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïáõÙ ·áñÍáõÙ »Ý Áݹ³Ù»ÝÁ 27 Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ´³óÇ »ñ»ù ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇó, áñáÝù »Ý ¼äØÎ, ²äØÎ, ÎÈÐÎ, ùÇã û ß³ï ³é³ç³ï³ñ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ëïáñ¨.
25 гÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ Ù»ï³Éáõñ·Ç³ÛÇ ·Çï³Ï³Ý ѻﳽáï³Ï³Ý ÇÝëïÇïáõï
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 58 Ö ÞÇÏ êäÀ (ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ù³ñ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳÝáõÙ ¨ Ùß³ÏáõÙ) Ö ¶ñ³Ý¹ سñÏáë (ïñ³í»ñïÇÝÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳÝáõÙ ¨ Ùß³ÏáõÙ) Ö ì³ÛµÉ êäÀ (Ïñ³ù³ñ) Ö Ø³Ý³ñµÇ êäÀ (ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ù³ñ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳÝáõÙ ¨ Ùß³ÏáõÙ) Ö êÇ÷³Ý –1 êäÀ (áëÏáõ ¨ ³ñͳÃÇ Ñ³Ýù»ñ)
ì»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ÑÇÝ· ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ãáñëÁ Ý»ñ·ñ³íí³Í »Ý ù³ñ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳÝÙ³Ý ¨ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Ù»ç: ²Ûë ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó å»ïù ¿ Ç ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ, áñ ³Ûë Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ÑÇÙÝí³Í »Ý Ù³ñ½áõÙ ÑáõÙùÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ³Û¹ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇó ÙÇ ù³ÝÇëÇ Ñ»ï ϳ۳ó³Í ѳñó³½ñáõÛóÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ å³ñ½ ¹³ñÓ³í, áñ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ù³ñ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ѳ·»ó³Í »Ý µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ å³ñ½ ¨ ÑÇÝ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñáí: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³í»É³óí³Í ³ñÅ»ùÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï ¿: Ø»Ï Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ýáñ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ Ó»éùµ»ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ÙÇÝ㨠500,000 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñÇ ã³÷áí Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ç íÇ׳ÏÇ ÏÉÇÝ»Ý ¿³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý µ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É Ù³ñ½áõÙ ëï»ÕÍí³Í ³í»É³óí³Í ³ñÅ»ùÁ, ³å³Ñáí»É ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ßáõñç 80,000Ù2 Ùß³Ïí³Í ù³ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ëï»ÕÍ»É ÙÇÝ㨠300 µ³ñÓñ í³ñÓ³ïñíáÕ Ýáñ ³ß˳ï³ï»Õ»ñ:
àõëáõÙݳÇëñáõÃÛáõÝ: §êÇ÷³Ý – 1¦ êäÀ
ÀÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ëï³ó»É ¿ ÐРѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý Édz½³áñ Ù³ñÙÝÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ÐÐ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç Ø»Õñáõ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝáõÙ ·ïÝíáÕ ÈÇ×ùí³½-Â»Û ¨ î»ñï»ñ³ë³ñ áëÏáõ ѳÝù³í³Ûñ»ñÇó ѳÝù³ÝÛáõÃÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳÝÙ³Ý ³ñïáݳ·ÇñÁ: ²Ûë »ñÏáõ ѳÝù³í³Ûñ»ñáõÙ »Õ³Í ѳÝù³ÛÇÝ å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ù³Ý³ÏÁ 3.8 ÙÉÝ ïáÝݳ ¿: ÈÇ×ùí³½-»Ûáõ٠ϳ ÙÇçÇÝÁ 2.15 g/t Au ¨ 33.2 g/t Ag áëÏÇ ¨ ³ñͳÃ, ÇëÏ î»ñï»ñ³ë³ñáõÙ` 10.42 g/t Au ¨ 73.3 g/t Ag, áñáÝù å³ñáõݳÏáõÙ »Ý ÁݹѳÝáõñ 421,000 áõÝódz áëÏÇ, áñÁ Ý»ñϳ ·Ý»ñáí ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 150 ÙÉÝ ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ: ÀÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ñ¹»Ý ÇëÏ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ß³ï é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ ¿ Ý»ñ¹ñ»É ³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳÝÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñ Ý»ñ¹Ý»Éáõ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ѳÝù»ñÇ ÏáÕùÇÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÏÇó ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñáí ѳ·»ó³Í áëÏáõ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ·áñͳñ³Ý ϳéáõó»Éáõ ѳٳñ: Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë, êÇ÷³Ý-1-Ç Õ»Ï³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ÁݹɳÛÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ Éñ³óáõóÇã
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 59 Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñ ¿ ÷áñÓáõ٠ϳï³ñ»É: Ìñ³·ñÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ý߳ݳϻï»ñÁ ѳëÝáõÙ »Ý ï³ñ»Ï³Ý 50,000 ïáÝݳ ѳÝù³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳÝÙ³Ý, áñÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ 400 Ï· Ùß³Ïí³Í áëÏÇ: Ìñ³·ñÇ Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏÝ»ñ¹ÝÇ Éñ³óáõóÇã 500,000 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ, ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ÏÁݹáõÝÇ Ùáï 80 ³ß˳ï³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ, áñáÝù ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ï»Õ³óÇÝ»ñ ÏÉÇÝ»Ý ¨ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý Ïí׳ñÇ Áݹ³Ù»ÝÁ Ùáï 300,000 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÝ»ñ:
гÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ áÕç ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ß³ñÅÇã áõÅÝ ¿ ѳݹÇë³ÝáõÙ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, áÕç ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý µáÉáñ ë»·Ù»ÝïÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý áñ å³ïß³× Ï»ñåáí ߳ѳ·áñÍíáõÙ »Ý: ÐÇÙÝí»Éáí å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛ³Ý, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ ³×áÕ ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ßáõϳÛÇ íñ³, áÉáñïáõÙ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ѳÝù³ÝÛáõûñÇ ³ëå³ñ»½áõÙ ³éϳ ¿ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í åáï»ÝódzÉ, áñÁ ¹»é¨ë å»ïù ¿ ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݳµ³ñ û·ï³·áñÍíÇ:
î»ùëïÇÉ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ
î»ùëïÇÉ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ÁݹѳÝñ³å»ë ûè ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ êÛáõÝÇùÇ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ ½³ñ·³ó³Í áÉáñïÝ»ñÇó ¿ñ: êÛáõÝÇùÇ ï»ùëïÇÉ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ç³ï³ñ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ³ÛÝ ¿` §Î³å³ÝÇ îñÇÏáï³ÅÇ ¶áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦ ¨ §êÇëdzÝÇ ïñÇÏáï³ÅÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ç³ï³ñÝ»ñÝ ¿ÇÝ, ÙÇÝã¹»é §Î³å³ÝÇ ïñÇÏáï³ÅÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦` Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë §êáݳ î»ùë¦ ´´À, г۳ëï³ÝÇ ³Ù»Ý³³é³ç³ï³ñ ¨ ³Ù»Ý³É³í ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñáí ѳ·»ó³Í Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿ñ: 80-³Ï³Ý ÃÃ. í»ñç»ñÇÝ ¨ 90-³Ï³Ý ÃÃ. ëϽµÝ»ñÇÝ Ý³Ëù³Ý ÜÊØ ÷Éáõ½áõÙÁ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ó»éù µ»ñ»ó ¨ ï»Õ³Ï³Û»ó Þí»Ûó³ñ³Ï³Ý §Dubiet¦ ·áñÍáÕ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ÇÝ ï³ÉÇë ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ³ñï³¹ñ»É ٻͳù³Ý³Ï µ³ñÓñáñ³Ï í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù: γå³ÝÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝáõÙ ·ïÝíáÕ ³Ûë Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõÝ»ñ ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 1,000 ³ß˳ï³ÏÇó ¨ áÕç ÜÊØ-ÇÝ Ñ³·áõëï»Õ»Ý ¿ñ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙ: §Î³å³ÝÇ ïñÇÏáï³ÅÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦, ÇÝãå»ë ¨ êÛáõÝÇùÇ áÕç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ïáõÅ»ó ÜÊØ ÷Éáõ½áõÙÇó: ÀÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Õ»Ï³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÙÇ ß³ñù ç³Ýù»ñ ¿ ·áñͳ¹ñ»É Çñ³óáõÙÁ ½³ñ·³óÝ»Éáõ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ: سëݳíáñ³å»ë, ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳå»ñ ¿ ѳëï³ï»É ï³ñµ»ñ ·áñͳϳÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ¨ ÙÇ ß³ñù ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñ ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óñ»É ¹»åÇ ÐÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ ²Ù»ñÇϳ ¨ ºíñáå³: Æ ÉñáõÙÝ, §êáݳ î»ùë¦-Á ëï³ó»É ¿ Ùáï 500,000 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ í³ñÏ ÈÇÝëÇ ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³ÙÇ í³ñϳÛÇÝ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇó, áñÁ ÝáõÛÝå»ë áõÕÕí»É ¿ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý í³×³éùÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ãÝ³Û³Í áñáß³ÏÇ ç³Ýù»ñÇÝ ¨ µ³ñÓñáñ³Ï ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 60 ³éϳÛáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë ߳ѳ·áñÍáõÙ ¿ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ѽáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ 10%-Çó å³Ï³ë Ù³ëÁ:
²Ûë ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó å»ïù ¿ Ç ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ, áñ ãÝ³Û³Í ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ßáõϳÛÇ ¿³Ï³Ý ã³÷»ñÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛ³ÝÁ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ï»ùëïÇÉ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ѳ·áõëï»Õ»ÝÇ áÉáñïÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ÃáõÛÉ Ï³ï³ñáճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ, áñÁ å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í ¿ ÙÇ ß³ñù ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñáí, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É.
Ö ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ åɳݳíáñí³Í ¨ ï»Õ³¹ñí³Í ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ѽáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ѻ勉µ³ñ ѳëï³ïáõÝ »Ýóϳéáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ Í³Ëë»ñÇ ³Ýѳٳå³ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³éϳ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ٳϳñ¹³ÏÇÝ, áñÁ ѳݷ»óÝáõÙ ¿ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ÇÝùݳñÅ»ùÇ µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³ÝÁ; Ö î»Õ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ ãÇݳϳÝ, Ãáõñù³Ï³Ý ¨ ³ÛÉ ³ëÇ³Ï³Ý »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ë³ÑٳݳٻñÓ ¨ Ý»ñùÇÝ ßáõÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ³é¨ïñáí ½µ³ÕíáÕÝ»ñÇ Ýϳïٳٵ ³í»ÉÇ ÃáõÛÉ Ñ³ñϳÛÇÝ ¨ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ Ï³ÝáÝÝ»ñÇ ÏÇé³éáõÙ; Ö ¶ñ»Ã» µáÉáñ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ùáï ¹Ç½³ÛÝÇ Ï³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ; Ö Ð³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý ï»ùëïÇÉ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ßáõϳÛáõÙ ÃáõÛÉ Çñ³½»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ
ܳËÏÇÝáõÙ ³é³ç³ï³ñ ï»ùëïÇÉ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿É §êÇë³Ï³Ý¦ ö´À-Ý ¿ñ` ݳËÏÇÝáõÙ §êÇëdzÝÇ ïñÇÏáï³ÅÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ¦: Ò»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Û¹ù³Ý ɳí ѳ·»ó³Í ã¿ñ ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñáí, ÇÝãå»ë γå³ÝÇ ïñÇÏáï³ÅÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ³ÛÝ áõÝ»ñ ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 1,000 ³ß˳ï³ÏÇó ¨ Ñ³Ù³ñíáõÙ ¿ñ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ³é³ç³ï³ñ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ: 90-³Ï³Ý ÃÃ. í»ñç»ñÇÝ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù³ëݳíáñ»óí»ó ²ØÜ-áõÙ ÑÇÙÝí³Í §¶³éÝÇ ¶ñáõå¦ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó, áñÇ ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿ ѳݹÇë³Ýáõ٠ݳ¨ سñ³ÉÇÏÇ Ù³Ýí³Íù³ÛÇÝ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ: âÝ³Û³Í ²ØÜ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó ϳï³ñí³Í Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñ»ñÁ ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï ³é³çݳѻñÃáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï³ÉÇë »Ý Ø³ñ³ÉÇÏÇÝ, ù³Ý êÇë³Ï³ÝÇÝ: âÝ³Û³Í í»ñÁ Ýßí³ÍÇÝ, ³ñï»ñÏñÛ³ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ßÝáñÑÇí ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ سñ³ÉÇÏÇ Ù³Ýí³Íù³ÛÇÝ ·áñͳñ³ÝÇ Ñ»ï ÙdzëÇÝ Ï³ñáÕ³ó³í áñáß³ÏÇ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙ ëÏë»É ÐÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ ²Ù»ñÇϳ ¨ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ²ØÜ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ÃáÕ³ñÏ³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ ÏñÏÇÝ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ÃáõÛÉ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ¿ ·áñͳñ³ÝÇ Ï³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 61 ÀݹѳÝáõñ ³éٳٵ 2003Ã. êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Ù÷á÷ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ëïáñ¨ ³ÕÛáõë³ÏáõÙ26.
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 9. ²ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ (ÙÉÝ. ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù) ²åñ³Ýù ²ñï³¹ñ³Ýù ܳËáñ¹ ï³ñí³ % سÝí³ÍùÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ ¨ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ 116.6 42 ¶áñÍí³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÙáñûջÝÇ 33.8 195 ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ³ÕÛáõë³ÏáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ï»ùëïÇÉ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ 2003Ã.-ÇÝ Ï³½Ù»É ¿ 150.8 ÙÉÝ ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù ϳ٠Ùáï 268,000 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ³ÛëåÇëÇ ó³Íñ ͳí³ÉÝ»ñÁ í»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³ËÏÇÝ ³é³çÝáñ¹Ý»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ßÝáñÑÇí ã»Ý, ³ÛÉ í»ñ³·ñíáõÙ »Ý ¶áñÇëáõÙ ï»Õ³Ï³Ûí³Í §¼³Ý·»½áõñ¦ ï»ùëïÇÉ ·áñͳñ³ÝÇÝ: ²Ûë ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ݳËÏÇÝáõÙ ³Û¹ù³Ý ѳÛïÝÇ ã¿ñ, áñù³Ý γå³ÝÇ ïñÇÏáï³ÅÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí ³ÛÝ Ï³ñáÕ³ó³í Ùßï³Ï³Ý å³Ûٳݳ·ñ»ñ Ó»éù µ»ñ»É ¼äØÎ-Ç Ñ»ï ɳÛݳͳí³É ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ, ³Û¹ Ãíáõ٠ݳ¨ ѳٳ½·»ëïÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ ï»ùëïÇÉ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ¼³Ý·»½áõñ ï»ùëïÇÉÁ Ç ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ êáݳ î»ùëÇ ¨ êÇë³Ï³ÝÇ Ù³ñ½Ç Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ¹³ëí»É ¿ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ É³í³·áõÛÝ ï³ëÝÛ³ÏáõÙ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ³Ûë ·áñͳñ³ÝÇ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÝáõÛÝå»ë ϳÛáõÝ ã»Ý, ù³ÝÇ áñ ³ÛÝ Ï³Ëí³Í ¿ µ³ó³é³å»ë ¼äØÎ-Ç Ñ»ï ѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó:
âÝ³Û³Í É³í å³Ñå³Ýí³Í ûè ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ù³ñ½áõÙ, ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ ·ïÝáõÙ ¿, áñ êÛáõÝÇùÁ ãáõÝÇ ¿³Ï³Ý Ùñó³Ïó³ÛÇÝ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ûè ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïáõÙ ¨ ³Ûë áÉáñïÁ ãÇ Ñ³Ù³ñíáõÙ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³é³çݳÛÇÝ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, í»ñáÝßÛ³É ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ï³½Ù³íáñáõÙÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ѳݷ»óÝ»É ß³Ñ³·áñÍÙ³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÇ ¿³Ï³Ý Ýí³½»óÙ³Ý: âÝ³Û³Í í»ñáÝßÛ³ÉÇÝ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ï»ùëïÇÉ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ËóݻÉáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ ³é³ç³ñÏáõÙ ¿ Éñ³óáõóÇã áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É, ³Û¹ Ãíáõ٠ݳ¨ ÃÇñ³Ë³ÛÇÝ Ó»Ý³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ß³Ñ³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ï»ÝëáõݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ (due diligence) ¨ ÃÇñ³Ë³ÛÇÝ ßáõϳݻñÇ áõëáÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñ³éÛ³É Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ¨ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ïáõÏ ßáõϳݻñÁ:
26 êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½å»ï³ñ³Ý
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 62 سñ½Ç »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÁ
àéá·áõÙÁ, ·³½³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙÁ ¨ ׳ݳå³ñ³ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù³ñ½Ç ëáódzÉ- ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ Ýå³ëïáÕ Ï³ñ¨áñ³·áõÛÝ »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÝ»ñÝ »Ý: ¸ñ³Ýó í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³Ù÷á÷í³Í ¿ ëïáñ¨:
ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ ßñç³ÝáõÙ Ù³ñ½Ç Ý»ñϳÛÇë ï³ñ³ÍùáõÙ áéá·»ÉÇ ¿ñ ѳٳñíáõÙ ßáõñç15.0 ѳ½. ѳ í³ñ»É³ÑáÕ, í»ñçÇÝ ·áõÛù³·ñÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñáí Ù³ñ½áõÙ áéá·»ÉÇ ¿ ѳٳñí»É 8208 ѳ ÑáÕ, áñÇó çñ³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ÷³ëï³óÇ áéá·í»É ¿ 1534 ѳ: ²ÛÉ çñ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÇó ·Ûáõó³óÇ³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó áéá·í»É ¿ ßáõñç 3000 ѳ ÑáÕ: سñ½Ç áéáùÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝáñ»Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ëáõÛÝ Ñ³ßí»ïíáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ÏÇó Ý»ñϳ۳óíáÕ Ð³í»Éí³Í 18-áõÙ:
ÐáÕ»ñÇ áéá·Ù³Ý ó³Íñ óáõó³ÝÇßÁ µ³ó³ïñíáõÙ ¿ ÙÇ ß³ñù å³ï׳éÝ»ñáí, áñáñÝóÇó »Ý. ÑáÕ»ñÇ ó³Íñ »Ï³Ùï³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñÇó Ñ»éáõ, ϳ٠ûùáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ·ïÝí»ÉÁ, ѳó³Ñ³ïÇϳÛÇÝ ÏáõÉïáõñ³Ý»ñÇ ³Ýçñ¹Ç Ùß³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Ý»ñïÝï»ë³ÛÇÝ áéá·Ù³Ý ó³ÝóÇ µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
ֳݳå³ñѳßÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³áõÙáí 90-³Ï³Ý Ãí³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇó ëÏë³Í ÑÇÙݳÝáñá·í»É ¿ ÙdzÛÝ ÙÇçå»ï³Ï³Ý Ù³ÛñáõÕÇÝ (260ÏÙ): öÉáõ½áõÙÝ»ñÇ, ëáÕù»ñÇ å³ï»ñ³½Ù³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ññ»ï³ÏáÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ͳÝñ³ù³ß ï»ËÝÇϳÛÇ »ñè»ÏÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí íݳëí³Í 730 ÏÙ ÁݹѳÝáõñ »ñϳñáõÃÛ³Ùµ ѳÝñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ ¨ ѳٳÛÝù³ÛÇÝ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÝ»ñÁ ï³ñÇÝ»ñ ß³ñáõÝ³Ï ã»Ý Ýáñá·í»É ¨ ã»Ý å³Ñå³Ýí»É, ÇÝãÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí ß³ñùÇó ¹áõñë »Ý »Ï»É: àñáß ×³Ý³å³ñѳѳïí³ÍÝ»ñáõÙ Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿ »Õ»É ³å³Ñáí»É ÙdzÛÝ ³ÝóáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
سñ½Ç µ»éݳ÷á˳¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ݳËÏÇÝáõÙ 90 %-Çó ³í»É ã³÷áí Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáõÙ ¿ÇÝ »ñϳÃáõÕáõ ÙÇçáóáí, ÇëÏ Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë µ»éݳ ¨ áõÕ¨áñ³÷á˳¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáõÙ »Ý ÙdzÛÝ ³íïáïñ³Ýëåáñïáí: γï³ñí³Í áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ ×³Ý³å³ñѳÛÇÝ ó³ÝóÇ áã µ³ñíáù íÇ׳ÏÁ µ³ñÓñ³óÝáõÙ ¿ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝáõÙ ëï³óíáÕ Ñ³ïϳå»ë ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ÇÝùݳñÅ»ùÁ ³ÛÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»Éáí áã ÙñóáõÝ³Ï ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ¨ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ßáõϳÛáõÙ: ²é³çÇϳ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³éϳ ݳ˳ѳßÇíÝ»ñÇ ¨ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ùáï 13ÙÉñ¹. ¹ñ³Ù:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 63 êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ׳ݳå³ñÑÝ»ñÇ ù³ñï»ëÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ׳ݳå³ñѳßÇÝ³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³óáõÛóÁ ¨ ͳËë»ñÇ Ïïñí³ÍùÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ëáõÛÝ Ñ³ßí»ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÕÛáõë³ÏÝ»ñ 19-áõÙ ¨ 20-áõÙ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ï³ñ³Íùáõ٠ݳËÏÇÝ ·³½Ç µ³Å³Ýáñ¹Ý»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ »Õ»É ¿ 15,321: Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ýí³Í ϳ٠Ýáñ ϳéáõóí³Í ó³Ýóáí ·³½ ¿ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñíáõÙ 7930 ³ÝÑ³ï µ³Å³Ýáñ¹Ç ¨ 25 Çñ³í³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓ³Ýó: 2003Ã. ëÏë³Í ·³½³ýÇϳóíáõÙ ¿ ø³ç³ñ³Ý ù³Õ³ùÁ ¨ ѳñ³ÏÇó È»éݳÓáñ ·ÛáõÕÁ: ²ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ݳ˳ï»ëíáõÙ »Ý ³í³ñï»É 2005Ãí³Ï³ÝÇÝ (2000 µ³Å³Ýáñ¹): 2004-2006ÃÃ. ݳ˳ï»ëíáõÙ ¿ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É 7000 µ³Å³Ýáñ¹Ç ·³½³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙÁ: ¶³½ÇýÇϳóí»Éáõ »Ý êÛáõÝÇùÇ, ¶»ÕÇÇ, Üáñ³í³ÝÇ, ²Ý·»Õ³ÏáÃÇ, àõÛÍÇ, Þ³ùÇÇ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÁ: ¸»é¨ë ·³½³ýÇϳóí³Í ã¿ Ø»ÕñÇÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÁ: àÉáñïáõÙ Éáõñç ËóÝÇã ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ·áñÍ»É Æñ³Ý - г۳ëï³Ý ·³½³ï³ñÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙÁ: ØÇçϳé³í³ñ³Ï³Ý ٳϳñ¹³Ïáí Ó»éù µ»ñí³Í å³Ûٳݳíáñí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ, ÆÆÐ ï³ñ³ÍùÇó ÙÇÝ㨠ø³ç³ñ³Ý ѳïí³ÍÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙÁ ÏÇñ³Ï³Ý³óíÇ Çñ³Ý³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó ÙÇÝ㨠2007Ã. ëÏǽµÁ:
¶³½³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÇ ³í»É³óáõÙÁ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ïï³ Ïñ׳ï»É ³Ýï³é³Ñ³ïáõÙÝ»ñÁ ¨ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É ³Ýï³éí»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÙ³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ: ¶³½³ýÇϳóÇ³Ý ËóÝÇã ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ·áñÍ»É ï³ñµ»ñ ïÇåÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ËݹñáõÙ, áõ Ýå³ëï»É ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý, ³¹ÙÇÝÇëïñ³ïÇí, ÏñóϳÝ, ³éáÕç³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý ¨ ³ÛÉ Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý ß»Ýù»ñÇ ç»éáõóÙ³Ý Ñ³ñóÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ ߳ѳí»ï ÉáõÍÙ³ÝÁ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³½³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý ù³ñ﻽Á ¨ë ÏóíáõÙ ¿ ëáõÛÝ Ñ³ßí»ïíáõÃÛ³ÝÁ áñå»ë гí»Éí³Í 21:
²Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÙ
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ѳçáñ¹ ù³ñ﻽áõ٠г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ Ï³Ý »ñÏáõ ѳñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ³Ýï³é³å³ïí³Í ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñ, áñáÝóÇó ³é³çÇÝÁ Ï»Ýïñáݳó³Í »Ý ÐÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ Ý»ñ³éÛ³É î³íáõßÇ ¨ Èáéáõ Ù³ñ½»ñÁ, ÇëÏ »ñÏñáñ¹Á êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç гñ³í³ÛÇÝ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ: ²í»ÉÇÝ, µ³ó ϳݳã Ù³ë»ñÁ ù³ñï»½Ç íñ³ óáõÛó »Ý ï³ÉÇë г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ í»ñç»ñë ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ ³Ýï³é³å³ïí³Í ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ½·³ÉÇáñ»Ý Ýí³½»É »Ý í»ñçÇÝ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 64 êÛáõÝÇùÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³Ýï³é³ÛÇÝ ýáݹÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ Ùáï 94,825 Ñ»Ïï³ñ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É 68,912 Ñ»Ïï³ñ ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÁ ¨ 25,913 Ñ»Ïï³ñ Ã÷áõïÝ»ñáí å³ïí³Í ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ27:
Æ ÉñáõÙÝ Ýñ³, áñ êÛáõÝÇùÁ »ñÏáõ ³Ýï³é³Í³ÍÏ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿, гñ³í³ÛÇÝ êÛáõÝÇùÁ, áñï»Õ Ï»Ýïñáݳó³Í »Ý ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÁ, áõÝÇ Ý³¨ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ß³ï ³ñ·»É³ÝáóÝ»ñ ¨ ³ñ·»É³í³Ûñ»ñ: Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë êÛáõÝÇùÇ å³Ñå³ÝíáÕ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ëïáñ¨.
³) ÞÇϳÑáÕÇ ³ñ·»É³Ýáó µ) ´áÕ³ù³ñÇ ³ñ·»É³í³Ûñ (Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í ¿ ³ÛÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É ³ñ·»É³Ýáó WWF §Ðáí³½Ý»ñÇ å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý Íñ³·ñǦ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ)
27 êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½å»ï³ñ³Ý
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 65 ·) §ê¨ ÉÇצ ³ñ·»É³í³Ûñ ¹) ¶áñÇëÇ ³ñ·»É³í³Ûñ ») êáëÇÝ»ñÇ åáõñ³Ï ³ñ·»É³í³Ûñ (ëáëÇÝ»ñáí å³ïí³Í Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ ï³ñ³Íù)
Æ ÉñáõÙÝ í»ñáÝßÛ³É å³Ñå³ÝíáÕ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ WWF §Ðáí³½Ý»ñÇ å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý Íñ³·ñǦ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë ݳ˳ӻéÝí»É ¿ ³ñ·»É³í³ÛñÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ Þí³ÝÇÓáñ ·ÛáõÕÇ Ñ³ñ³ÏÇó ï³ñ³ÍùáõÙ:
âÝ³Û³Í ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ å³Ñå³ÝíáÕ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, áñáÝù ½µ³Õ»óÝáõÙ »Ý Ù³ñ½Ç ·»ñ³ÏßéáÕ Ù³ëÁ, êÛáõÝÇùÇ áÕç ³Ýï³é³å³ï ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ ½·³ÉÇáñ»Ý Ýí³½»É »Ý: гïϳå»ë ³Û¹ ³Ù»ÝÁ ß³ï ³ñ³· ¿ ϳï³ñí»É ÜÊØ ÷Éáõ½Ù³Ý ¨ ³é³ç³ó³Í ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý áõ ËÇëï ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ ×·Ý³Å³ÙÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ: ¾É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ·³½Ç ¨ Ï»Ýïñáݳóí³Í ç»ñٳٳï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí, Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ ëÏë»óÇÝ û·ï³·áñÍ»É ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ ÷³ÛïÁ, áñå»ë ç»ñÙáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ÙÇ³Ï ³ÕµÛáõñ: ê³ Ñ»ï³·³ÛáõÙ ë»÷³Ï³Ý Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ Ï³ñÇùÝ»ñÁ Ñá·³Éáõó µ³óÇ ·áñͳñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý µÝáõÛà Ïñ»ó ¨ ÷³ÛïÁ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñíáõÙ ¿ñ áã ÙdzÛÝ êÛáõÝÇùÇÝ, ³ÛÉ Ý³¨ áÕç г۳ëï³ÝÇÝ: âÝ³Û³Í ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³éٳٵ 90-³Ï³Ý ÃÃ. í»ñç»ñÇó г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³ÝÁ ½áõ·³Ñ»é ³Ýï³é³Ñ³ïáõÙÝ»ñÝ ¿³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý Ýí³½»óÇÝ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ µÝ³ÏÇãÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í Ù³ëÁ, ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ¹»é¨ë ß³ñáõݳÏáõÙ ¿ û·ï³·áñÍ»É ÷³ÛïÁ áñå»ë ç»éáõóÙ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáó:
êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³Ýï³é³å³ï ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ Ýí³½»óÙ³Ý å³ï׳éÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿É ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿, áñÝ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ å³Ñå³ÝÙ³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³Í ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ýÇݳÝë³íáñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: سëݳíáñ³å»ë, å³Ñå³ÝíáÕ ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ áõÝ»Ý³Ý Ï³Ýáݳíáñ Ï»ñåáí í³ñÓ³ïñíáÕ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ï³½Ù, ³Û¹ ÃíáõÙ ³Ýï³é³å³ÑÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ÏÑëÏ»Ý ïíÛ³É ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ, ÷á˳¹ñ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ ¨ í³é»ÉÇù, ѳٳ½·»ëï ¨ ß³ï ³ÛÉ å³ñ³·³Ý»ñ, áñáÝù ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï »Ý ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: àÕç í»ñáÝßÛ³É ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏïñáõÏ Ýí³½»É ¿ 90-³Ï³Ý ÃÃ. ëϽµÝ»ñÇó: úñÇݳÏ` ÙdzÛÝ Î³å³ÝÇ ³Ýï³éïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÜÊØ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ßñç³ÝáõÙ áõÝ»ñ ÙdzÛÝ 160 ³Ýï³é³å³Ñ, ãѳßí³Í Ùݳó³Í ³ß˳ï³Ï³½ÙÁ` Ý»ñ³éÛ³É í³ñã³Ï³Ý ¨ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ïáÕÝ»ñÁ, í³ñáñ¹Ý»ñÁ, ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç Ý»ñ·ñ³íí³ÍÝ»ñÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ: ²ÛÅÙ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ß˳ï³Ï³½ÙÁ 30 Ù³ñ¹áõó ¿É å³Ï³ë ¿, γå³ÝÇ ³Ýï³éïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳÛï³ñ³ñí³Í ¿ ëݳÝÏ` áõݻݳÉáí ÙÇÉÇáݳíáñ å³ñïù»ñ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É ãí׳ñí³Í ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ»ñÁ: ¶áñÇëáõÙ ¨ Ø»ÕñÇáõÙ Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ ãÝ³Û³Í ÏñÏÇÝ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ í³ï ¿, µ³Ûó ѳٻٳﳵ³ñ γå³ÝÇÝ µ³ñíáù
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 66 ¿: Üßí³Í å³ï׳éÝ»ñÁ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ׷ݳųÙÇ Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õ ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý µ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý ·áñÍ»É êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ íñ³:
²Ýï³éÝ»ñÇÝ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ ÐÐ ûñÝ»ë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ¨ ϳÝáݳϳñ·áÕ ¹³ßïÁ §²Ýï³é³ÛÇÝ ûñ»Ýë·Çñùݦ ¿ ¨ §²Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ³½·³ÛÇÝ é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ¦: ²Ûë ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ÁݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý µÝáõÛà ¨ å³ïÙáÕ³Ï³Ý á× áõÝ»Ý: ²í»ÉÇÝ, ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇÝ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ ûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ¿ ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇ ëϽµáõÝùÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ¨ ѳßíÇ ãÇ ³éÝáõÙ ³½³ï ßáõÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³ÝÝ áõ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë Ù³ñ½áõÙ ³éϳ »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÝ»ñÇ íÇ׳ÏÇÝ, ·³½³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý å³Ï³ëÇÝ áõ Ï»Ýïñáݳóí³Í ç»éáõóÙ³Ý µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³ÝÁ:
êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ùݳó³Í ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí³Í ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇÝ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ Ëáßáñ Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ ¨ ݳ˳ӻéÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÑÇÙÝí³Í »Ý ÜÊØ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ßñç³ÝáõÙ Ùß³Ïí³Í ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³: Æñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ, êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ ýÉáñ³ÛÇ ¨ ý³áõݳÛÇ í»ñçÇÝ ·áõÛù³·ñáõÙÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É ¿ 1989Ã.-ÇÝ: ²Û¹ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï í»ñçÇÝ ³Ý·³Ù ë³ÑÙ³Ýí»É »Ý ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ í»ñçÇÝ 15 ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ ϳï³ñí³Í ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇÝ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, Íñ³·ñ»ñÝ áõ ݳ˳ӻéÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ áõÝ»Ý ë˳ÉÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í Ñ³í³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ²Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ ·áõÛù³·ñáõÙÝ áõ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙÁ Ïå³ï³ë˳ÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ѳñó»ñÇÝ.
ÆÝãåÇëDZ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ »Ý ³éϳ ³Ýï³éÝ»ñáõÙ: àñù³±Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ ϳÝ: à±ñÝ ¿ Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ³ÛÝ ³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ Í³í³ÉÁ, áñÁ ã³÷³½³Ýó Ù»Í µ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ ãÇ áõݻݳ ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ íñ³: ÆÝãåÇëDZ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Íñ³·Çñ ¿ å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ å³Ñå³ÝáõÙÁ, ϳé³í³ñáõÙÝ áõ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»Éáõ ѳٳñ:
ì»ñç»ñë ѳñ³í³ÛÇÝ êÛáõÝÇùÁ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë γå³ÝÝ áõ Ø»ÕñÇÝ ÁÝïñí»É »Ý UNESCO MAB (سñ¹Á ¨ Ï»Ýë³µ³½Ù³½³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ) Íñ³·ñÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ UNESCO ÏáÕÙÇó §UNESCO ³é³çÇÝ µÇáëý»ñ³ÛÇÝ ³ñ·»É³ÝáóÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí Ï»Ýë³µ³½Ù³½³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý ¨ г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³ñ³í³ÛÇÝ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óٳݦ Íñ³·ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: Ìñ³·ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ ¿ µ³½Ù³áÉáñï ÑÇÙù»ñ ëï»ÕÍ»É ï»Õ³Ï³Ý Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ ë»ÏïáñÇ ÙÇç¨ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ûٳݻñáí »ñÏËáëáõÃÛáõÝ áõ ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ Í³í³É»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 67 ´Ý³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ Ï³ÛáõÝ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ýáñ³ñ³Ï³Ý Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ, ´Ý³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý ¨ ϳÛáõÝ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ ï³ñµ»ñ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ߳ѳ·ñ·Çé ÏáÕÙ»ñÇ Çñ³½»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ ¨ ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í³óáõÙ, ²ÝϳÛáõÝ Ñ³ïáõÙÝ»ñÇ å³ï׳éáí ³é³ç³óáÕ ³Ý³å³ï³óáõÙÁ Ýí³½»óÝ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉÁÝïñ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ, γé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáÕ ç³Ýù»ñÁ ѳٳÉñ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ å³Ñå³ÝÙ³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³Í ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ËóÝáõÙ, ²Õù³ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ïñ׳ï»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí ³ÛÉÁÝïñ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ³åñáõëïÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ:
MAB Íñ³·ñáõÙ Áݹ·ñÏ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ ÁÝïñ»ÉÇë ѳßíÇ »Ý ³éÝí»É µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñ Ý»ñ³éÛ³É ëáóÇ³É ïÝï»ë³ÏÉ³Ý Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ, µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÑáÕÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ, Ï»Ýë³µ³½Ù³½³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ³ñ·»É³ÝáóÝ»ñÝ áõ ³ñ·»É³í³Ûñ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ:
Ìñ³·ÇñÁ гñ³í³ÛÇÝ ÎáíϳëÇ »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ Çñ³Ï³ÝóíáÕ É³Ûݳͳí³É ·áñÍÁÝóóÇ ÙÇ Ù³ëÝ ¿, áñÁ Ýå³ï³Ï³áõÕÕí³Í ¿ µÇáëý»ñ³ÛÇÝ ³ñ·»É³ÝáóÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³ÝÁ: ²Û¹ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñ³éáõÙ »Ý ³ÛÝåÇëÇ Ù³ë»ñ, áñáÝù å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý Ù»Í ³ñÅ»ù »Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáõÙ ¨ å³ßïáݳå»ë ÏáãíáõÙ »Ý §ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñ¦: ²Ûë ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ »ñϳñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï å³Ñå³ÝáõÙÝ ³å³Ñáí»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí µÇáëý»ñ³ÛÇÝ ³ñ·»É³ÝáóÝ»ñÁ ѳßíÇ »Ý ³éÝáõ٠ݳ¨ ѳñ³ÏÇó ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Ï³ñÇùÝ»ñÁ: §´áõý»ñ³ÛÇÝ ·áïÇÝ»ñÁ¦ ͳé³ÛáõÙ »Ý ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³ÝÁ, §³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇݦ ϳ٠§Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃ۳ݦ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñáõÙ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ÏïÇíáñ»Ý Ý»ñ·ñ³ííáõÙ ¿ ³éϳ µÝ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóùáõÙ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÁ áã ÙdzÛÝ ½·³ÉÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ »Ý ϳï³ñáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ¨ г۳ëï³ÝÇ, ³ÛÉ Ý³¨ ³í»ÉÇ É³ÛÝ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ Ý»ñ³éÛ³É Æñ³ÝÇ ¨ ²¹ñµ»ç³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ ¹»ñÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ³Ù÷á÷í»É Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ï»ñå.
Ö Ø³ùáõñ û¹, CO ÏɳÝáõÙ Ö ¾ëûïÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÙÃÝáÉáñïÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 68 Ö Î»Ýë³í³Ûñ»ñÇ Ó¨³íáñáõÙ Ö ²ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ Ï»Ýë³µ³½Ù³½³ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ö ¶»ñ ·áÉáñßdzóáõÙÇó ¨ ³Ý³å³ï³óáõÙÇó ÑáÕÇ å³ßïå³ÝáõÙ Ö ÐáÕ³ÛÇÝ Í³ÍÏáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ
êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³Ýï³é³å³ï ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý ¨ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ سñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÁ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ´Ý³å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï å»ïù ¿ Ùß³ÏÇ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Íñ³·Çñ, áñÁ å»ïù ¿ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ÉÇÝÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇ í»ñç»ñë ϳï³ñí³Í áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³Í ³é³çÇÝ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ å»ïù ¿ ÉÇÝÇ ³Ýï³éÝ»ñáõÙ ýÉáñ³ÛÇ ¨ ý³áõݳÛÇ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ ·áõÛù³·ñáõÙÁ, áñÁ ݳ¨ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ Ïï³ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ³éϳ ͳé»ñÇ Ùáï³íáñ ù³Ý³ÏÁ: ¶áõÛù³·ñÙ³Ý ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ Ùß³Ïí³Í ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Íñ³·ÇñÁ ݳ¨ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ Ïå³ï³ë˳ÝÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳñó»ñÇÝ, ³ÛÝ ¿` §ÇÝãåÇëÇ ³Ýï³é³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ, »ñµ ¨ áñï»ÕÇó ϳñáÕ »Ý ѳí³ùí»É ¨ ÇÝãåÇëÇ ù³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáí áõ ѳ׳˳ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ϳñáÕ »Ý û·ï³·áñÍí»É Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ÏáÕÙÇó¦:
²Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ å³ïß³× Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ï³ñµ»ñ »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáí ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí»É: úñÇݳÏ, ¹»Õ³µáõÛë»ñÇ Íñ³·ÇñÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ëï»ÕÍ»É Ýáñ ³í»É³óí³Í ³ñÅ»ù ¨ Ýáñ ³ß˳ï³ï»Õ»ñ: êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÁ ѳñáõëï »Ý ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 25 ï»ë³Ï ¹»Õ³µáõÛë»ñáí: ØdzÛÝ ¹ñ³Ýó ѳí³ù»Éáõ ѳٳñ ϳñáÕ »Ý ѳñÛáõñ³íáñ 뻽áݳÛÇÝ ³ß˳ï³ï»Õ»ñ ÑÇÙÝí»É: Æ ÉñáõÙÝ, ³½·³ÛÇÝ ïÝϳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ ·áïÇÝ»ñáõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë ûñÇÝ³Ï ëáëÇÝ»ñÇ åáõñ³ÏáõÙ, ÏÝå³ëï»Ý ½µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ:
²éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ
سñ½Ç ³éáÕç³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·Ý Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ ¿ 27 ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ, áñÇóª Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ »ÝóϳÛáõÃÛ³Ý 22 ÷³Ï µ³ÅÝ»ïÇñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: Üñ³Ýó ÙÇçáóáí ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÙ ¿ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý µÅßÏ³Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ:
гٳϳñ·áõÙ Áݹ·ñÏí³Í »Ý 280 µÅÇßÏÝ»ñ ¨ 681 ÙÇçÇÝ µáõÅ ³ß˳ïáÕÝ»ñ: ²éϳ ¿ ï³ñµ»ñ Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ßáõñç 60 µÅÇßÏÝ»ñÇ å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏ: êï³óÇáݳñ µÅßÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉÝ»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ 710 ¿, 10000 µÝ³ÏãÇÝ ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙ ¿ 19 µÅÇßÏ, 45 µáõÅùáõÛñ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 69 ä»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó »ñ³ß˳íáñí³Í µÅßÏ³Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ 2003Ã. ÑÇí³Ý¹³ÝáóÝ»ñáõÙ ¨ ¹Çëå³Ýë»ñÝ»ñáõÙ ³Ýí׳ñ µáõÅí»É ¿ 6826 ÑÇí³Ý¹: äáÉÇÏÉÇÝÇϳݻñáõÙ ¨ ³ÙµáõɳïáñdzݻñáõÙ ÑÇí³Ý¹Ý»ñÇ Ñ³×³ËáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ ϳ½Ù»É ¿ 347397 Ù³ñ¹:
´³óÇ ³Û¹, µÅßÏ³Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý í׳ñáíÇ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·Íáí, ÑÇí³Ý¹³ÝáóÝ»ñáõÙ ëå³ë³ñÏí»É ¿ 789 Ù³ñ¹, ÇëÏ åáÉÇÏÉÇÝÇϳݻñáõÙ ¨ ³ÙµáõɳïáñdzݻñáõÙ 25818 Ù³ñ¹: ì»ñçÇÝ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ Ù³Ûñ³Ï³Ý Ù³Ñ ãÇ ·ñ³Ýóí»É, µÝ³Ï³Ý ³×Á 2001, 2002, 2003Ã.Ã. ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݳµ³ñ ϳ½Ù»É ¿ 385, 405 ¨ 577 Ù³ñ¹: ²éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇÝ 2003Ã. å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Çó ѳïϳóí»É ¿ 506.8 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù:
2003Ã-Ç ë»åï»Ùµ»ñÇ 1-Ç ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ »ÝóϳÛáõÃÛ³Ý 118 ѳÝñ³-ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý ¨ 4 ѳïáõÏ ¹åñáóÝ»ñáõÙ ÏáÙåÉ»Ïï³íáñí»É ¿ñ 1440 ¹³ë³ñ³Ý 22788 ëáíáñáÕÝ»ñáí, ¹³ë³í³Ý¹áõÙ ¿ÇÝ 2917 áõëáõóÇã, ÇëÏ 2004Ã. ÑáõÝí³ñÇ 1-Ç ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùµª 1410 ¹³ë³ñ³Ý 22542 ³ß³Ï»ñïáí /2004Ã. ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñáíª 1386 ¹³ë³ñ³Ý 22000 ³ß³Ï»ñïáí/ ¨ 2782 áõëáõóÇãÝ»ñáí, áñáÝóÇó 75%-Á ϳݳÛù »Ý, ßáõñç 87%-Ý áõÝÇ µ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇëÏ µ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ Ù³Ýϳí³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ù³Ýϳí³ñÅÝ»ñÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ »Ý 64%:
гÝñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý »ÝóϳÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ýñ³ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ ëáíáñáõÙ »Ý 325 ³ß³Ï»ñï ¨ ϳ 60 áõëáõóÇã: سñ½Ç 18 ¹åñáóÝ»ñ áõÝ»Ý ÇÝï»ñÝ»ï³ÛÇÝ Ï³å: ²Ûëï»Õ Ù»Í ÉáõÙ³ áõÝÇ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý §öñáç»ùà гñÙáÝǦ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
سñ½Ç ë³ÑٳݳٻñÓ ·ÛáõÕ»ñ »Ý ·áñÍáõÕí»É 112 áõëáõóÇãÝ»ñ, áñáÝóÇó 56-Ý áõÝ»Ý Ù³Ýϳí³ñÅ³Ï³Ý Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ: ê³Ï³ÛÝ ¹»é¨ë ë³ÑٳݳٻñÓ, É»éݳÛÇÝ ¨ µ³ñÓñ É»éݳÛÇÝ ·ÛáõÕ»ñÇ ¹åñáóÝ»ñáõ٠ѳïϳå»ë γå³ÝÇ ¨ Ø»ÕñÇÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ áñáß ³é³ñϳݻñ ¹³ë³í³Ý¹áõÙ »Ý áã ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý Ù³Ýϳí³ñÅÝ»ñ /ÙÇçݳϳñ· ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ùµ 88 áõëáõóÇã/, ÇÝãÁ ãÇ »ñ³ß˳íáñáõÙ ³Û¹ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñáõÙ ³åñáÕÝ»ñÇ áñ³ÏÛ³É ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³Éáõ ë³Ñٳݳ¹ñ³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÁ: ´³óÇ ³ÛÝ, áñ 1-2 ï³ñáõó ÷³ÏÙ³Ý íï³Ý·Ç ³é³ç »Ý ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ¹åñáóÝ»ñ, Ýßí³Í »ñ¨áõÛÃÁ ËÇëï ³Ý¹ñ³¹³éÝáõÙ ¿ ³Û¹ µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñÇó µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñï³ÑáëùÇ ³×Ç íñ³:
²Ýó³Í áõëï³ñí³ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ¹åñáóÝ»ñÇ ûåïÇٳɳóÙ³Ý Íñ³·ñÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ Ù³ñ½áõÙ Ïñ׳ïí»É »Ý 358 áõëáõóÇãÝ»ñ, ÇëÏ 2004Ã. ÑáõÝí³ñÇ 1-Çó
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 70 Ù³Ýϳí³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ¹ñáõÛùÇ 20-Çó 22 ųÙÛ³ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛ³Ùµ å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Íª Ù³Ýϳí³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ¹ñáõÛùÝ»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ Ïå³Ï³ëÇ ¨ë 200-áí:
2004Ã. ÁÝóóùáõÙ ÐÐ å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Çó ïñ³Ù³¹ñíáÕ 654,0 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßíÇÝ Ý³Ë³ï»ëíáõÙ ¿ ÑÇÙݳÝáñá·»É 24 ¹åñáóÝ»ñ, áñáÝóÇó ÙÇ Ù³ëáõÙ Ïϳéáõóí»Ý ݳ¨ ÉáÏ³É ç»éáõóÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñ: гßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí Ù³ñ½Ç é³½Ù³í³ñ³Ï³Ý Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý 21 û·áëïáëÇ 2003Ã-Ç ÃÇí 1043-Ü áñáßٳٵ Ù³ñ½Ç 21 ¹åñáóÝ»ñÇ ýÇݳÝë³íáñáõÙÁ ¹³ñÓ»É ¿ ³ß³Ï»ñïÝ»ñÇ ÃíÇó ³ÝϳË: Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë Ù³ñ½áõÙ ³ß³Ï»ñï Ãíáí ýÇݳÝë³íáñíáõÙ »Ý 27, ³ß³Ï»ñï ÃíÇó ³ÝϳË` 60, å»ï-å³ïíáñáí` 31 ¨ ѳïáõÏ Íñ³·ñáí 4 ¹åñáóÝ»ñ:
âÝ³Û³Í Ñ³Ýñ³ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÝϳïíáÕ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ï»Õ³ß³ñÅ»ñÇÝ ß³ñáõݳÏíáõÙ »Ý ãÉáõÍí³Í ÙÝ³É ³ß³Ï»ñï³Ï³Ý ë»Õ³Ý-Ýëï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñáí, ëåáñï³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ÛÉ ·áõÛùáí, ɳµáñ³ïáñ ë³ñù»ñáí ¹åñáóÝ»ñÇ ³å³Ñáíí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý, ¹åñáó³Ï³Ý ß»Ýù»ñÇ ½·³ÉÇ Ù³ëÇ ÑÇÙݳÝáñá·Ù³Ý, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ Ñ»é³íáñ, ë³ÑٳݳٻñÓ, É»éݳÛÇÝ ¨ µ³ñÓñ É»éݳÛÇÝ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý ¹åñáóÝ»ñáõÙ µ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ Ù³Ýϳí³ñÅ³Ï³Ý Ï³¹ñ»ñáí ³å³Ñáíí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ:
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2003 Ãí³Ï³ÝÇÝ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É ¿ 6938.9 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³ÙÇ Ï³åÇï³É ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Û¹ ÃíáõÙª ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý ûµÛ»ÏïÝ»ñÇ ·Íáíª 6773.0 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³ÙÇ: سñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÇ ÙÇçáóáí ÐÐ 2003 Ãí³Ï³ÝÇ å»ïµÛáõç»Ç ¨ å³Ñáõëï³ÛÇÝ ýáÝ¹Ç ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßíÇÝ í»ñ³Ýáñá·í»É ¿ 6 ¹åñáó ¥49.75 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù¤: ÐÐ ù³Õ³ù³ßÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí ³í³ñïí»É ¿ Ü. ÊÝÓáñ»ëÏ ·ÛáõÕÇ ¹åñáóÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ¥46.9 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù¤, ÇëÏ ÐÐ ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóáíª Î³å³ÝÇ ÃÇí 3 ѳïáõÏ ÏñóѳٳÉÇñÇ í»ñ³Ýáñá·Ù³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ /13.9 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù/:
2004Ã. ¹åñáóÝ»ñÇ Ýáñá·Ù³ÝÝ ¿ áõÕÕí»Éáõ 654 ÙÇÉÇáÝ ¹ñ³Ù ·áõÙ³ñ, áñÁ í»ñçÇÝ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçÇÝ óáõó³ÝÇßÁ ·»ñ³½³ÝóáõÙ ¿ 5-6 ³Ý·³Ù: 2003Ã. §Ðǹñáï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ï³éáõÛóÝ»ñ àñáï³Ý ·»ïÇ íñ³¦ ûµÛ»ÏïÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í 1.546 ÙÉñ¹. ¹ñ³ÙÇ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É »Ý ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ ¨ ûµÛ»ÏïÁ ѳÝÓÝí³Í ¿ ߳ѳ·áñÍÙ³Ý:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 71 ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí Ù³ñ½Ç 20 ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñáõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É ¿ 610.5 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³ÙÇ ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ, ³Û¹ ÃíáõÙ. áéá·Ù³Ý ѳٳϳñ·»ñª 416.5 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù, ݳ˳¹åñáó³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙݳñÏÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙª 74.7 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù, ³éáÕç³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·Ç ûµÛ»ÏïÝ»ñÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙª 34.6 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù:
§èÙµ³ÏáÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ é³½Ù³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí ³Ýûè³Ý Ùݳó³Í ù³Õ³ù³óÇÝ»ñÇÝ íݳëÇ ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙª µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ³é³çݳѻñà ÉáõÍáõÙ¦ Íñ³·ñÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ 2003 Ãí³Ï³ÝÇ å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Ç ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßíÇÝ ÉáõÍí»É ¿ 32 ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÁ ¥52.3 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù¤:
ֳݳå³ñѳßÇÝáõÃ³Ý µÝ³·³í³éáõ٠ϳï³ñí»É »Ý ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³éٳٵ 876.9 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³ÙÇ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ: ÀÝóóÇÏ ï³ñáõ٠ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í »Ý ݳ¨ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ÙÇõçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÁ.
γå³ÝÇ µ³½Ù³Ñ³ñÏ ß»Ýù»ñÇ Ñ³ñà ï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ Ýáñá·áõÙ - 40,0 ÙÉÝ. γå³ÝÇ Ù³ñÙݳٳñ½áõÃÛ³Ý ¹åñáóÇ í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙ - 20,0 ÙÉÝ. ¶áñÇëÇ Ã³ïñáÝÇ ß»ÝùÇ ÑÇÙݳÝáñá·áõÙ - 18,0 ÙÉÝ. êÇëdzÝÇ ÃÇí 4 Ù³Ýϳå³ñï»½Ç ÑÇÙݳÝáñá·áõÙ - 10,0 ÙÉÝ. êÇëdzÝÇ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ ï³Ý ÑÇÙݳÝáñá·áõÙ - 20,0 ÙÉÝ. ¶áñÇë ù³Õ³ùÇ Þáñ-æáõñ ¨ êå³Ý¹³ñÛ³Ý-²Û·»ëï³Ý ѻջճï³ñÝ»ñÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙ - 55,0 ÙÉÝ. Ø»Õñáõ §¼í³ñ¦-Ç Ù³ùñÙ³Ý Ï³Û³ÝÇ í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙ - 63,0 ÙÉÝ. ²ëý³Éï³å³ïÙ³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ - 61,5 ÙÉÝ. ²ÛÉ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ - 154,0 ÙÉÝ.
²é³çÇϳ Ù»Ï-»ñÏáõ ï³ñáõÙ áÉáñïáõÙ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ÏÉÇÝÇ ÉáõÍáõÙ ï³É ï³ñÇÝ»ñ ß³ñáõÝ³Ï ãÉáõÍí³Í ÙÇ ß³ñù ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ, áñáÝóÇó ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ³é³ÝÓݳóÝ»É ³é³í»É ϳñ¨áñ³·áõÛÝÝ»ñÁ:
o Êá½Ý³í³ñ, ºÕ»·, ÈÇ×ù, ê³Éí³ñ¹, ²ñ³íáõë, Üáñ³ß»ÝÇÏ, ì³ñ¹³ÝÇÓáñ, ÈÍ»Ý ·ÛáõÕ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ¹åñáóÝ»ñÇ ß»Ýù»ñÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙ - 1115,0 ÙÉÝ; o èÙµ³ÏáÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ é³½Ù³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí ³Ýûè³Ý Ùݳó³Í ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇÝ íݳëÇ ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙª µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ³é³çݳѻñà ÉáõÍáõÙ - 511,0 ÙÉÝ; o §¼áõÛ· ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñ¦-§ØáõËáõÃáõñ۳ݦ çñ³·ÍÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙ - 475,0 ÙÉÝ. o γå³Ý, ¶áñÇë, Ø»ÕñÇ ¨ ²·³ñ³Ï ù³Õ³ùÝ»ñÇ ËÙ»Éáõ çñÇ Ý»ñùÇÝ ó³Ýó»ñÇ í»ñ³Ï³éáõóáõÙ - 2110,0 ÙÉÝ.
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 72 o سñ½Ç µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñÇ ËÙ»Éáõ çñÇ Ý»ñùÇÝ ó³Ýó»ñÇ Ù³ùñÙ³Ý Ï³Û³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ úÎæ- Ý»ñÇ í»ñ³Ï³éáõóáõÙ ¨ ÑÇÙݳÝáñá·áõÙ; o ´Ý³Ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ çñ³ã³÷»ñÇ ï»Õ³¹ñáõÙ, ßáõñçûñÛ³ çñ³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý ³å³ÑáíáõÙ; o ´Ý³ÏýáÝ¹Ç ÑÇÙݳÝáñá·áõÙ / µ³½Ù³µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý ß»Ýù»ñÇ ï³ÝÇùÝ»ñ ¨ í»ñ»É³ÏÝ»ñ/ - 580,0 ÙÉÝ. o È»éݳÓáñ ·ÛáõÕÇ ÷³ÛïÛ³ ïݳÏÝ»ñáõÙ ³åñáÕ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙ - 200.0 ÙÉÝ o ºññáñ¹ ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ íݳëí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ µÝ³Ï»ÉÇ ß»Ýù»ñÇ µÝ³ÏÇãÝ»ñÇ µÝ³Ï³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙ - 240,0 ÙÉÝ o سñ½Ç ï³ñ³Íùáõ٠ѳϳëáÕ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ, ëáÕ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ¨ ë»É³íÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýù»ñÇ í»ñ³óáõÙ - 993,0 ÙÉÝ o ÎñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ûµÛ»ÏïÝ»ñÇ Ýáñá·áõÙ - 873,0 ÙÉÝ o Øß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ ûµÛ»ÏïÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙݳÝáñá·áõÙ - 546,0 ÙÉÝ.
àÉáñïáõÙ ½µ³Õí³ÍÝ»ñÇ »ñϳ ÃÇíÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ Ùáï 2000 Ù³ñ¹: êå³ëíáÕ Í³í³ÉÝ»ñáí ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ µ³óí»Éáõ »Ý ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ï³ëÝÛ³Ï Ýáñ ³ß˳ï³ï»Õ»ñ, ³é³ç³Ý³Ý³Éáõ ¿ ѳïϳå»ë ï³ñµ»ñ Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ßÇݳñ³ñ í³ñå»ïÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÇÝŻݻñ³ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ù³ëݳ·»ïÝ»ñÇ Ï³ñÇù: ´³í³ñ³ñ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ù³ëݳ·»ïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ù³·ñÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ïëï»ÕÍí»Ý ݳ¨ áã Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ïáõÅÇ Áݹ·ñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²Ûë áÉáñïáõÙ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ½·³ÉÇ ÃÇí ϳ½ÙáÕ ³Û¹ ϳñ·Ç ³ß˳ïáõÅÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ³Ù»Ý³Ù»ÍÝ »Ý:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 73 4. ¼³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ
سñ½³ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ç³ñÏíáÕ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ
ÆÝãå»ë Ýßí»É ¿ ѻﳽáïáõÃÛ³Ý ëϽµáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ¨ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ïñ³Ù³¹ñíáÕ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õ ѳٳӳÛÝ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ »Ý Ùáï 84.1 ÙÉñ¹ ÐÐ ¹ñ³ÙÇ (Ùáï 153 ÙÉÝ ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ): ÀݹѳÝáõñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ëïáñ¨.
Üϳñ 21. êÛáõÝÇùÇ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ
3% 4%
гÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ 40% ì»ñ³Ùß³ÏáõÙ ¾É. ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ ¶Ûáõë³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ 46% êÝݹ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ì³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ
1% 6%
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ áõÝÇ ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ` 46%, áñÇÝ Ñ»ï¨áõÙ ¿ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ´áÉáñ ï»ë³ÏÇ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ/í»ñ³Ùß³ÏáõÙÁ, µ³óÇ ëÝݹ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó áõÝÇ ãÝãÇÝ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝ` Ùáï 1%:
ÐÇÙÝí»Éáí ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ñµ»ñ ë»·Ù»ÝïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ÏÇñ× í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³, áñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óíáõÙ ¿ ëáõÛÝ Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ Ù»Í ù³Ý³Ïáí ѳñó³½ñáõÛóÝ»ñÇ íñ³, ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»É ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ѳßí³ñÏÝ»ñÁ` ÙÇçݳųÙÏ»ï ųٳݳϳѳïí³ÍáõÙ (»ñ»ùÇó ÑÇÝ· ï³ñÇ) Ù³ñ½Ç ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ñµ»ñ ×ÛáõÕ»ñÇ ÏßÇéÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 74 âÝ³Û³Í Ñ³Ýù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý åÕÝÓÇ ¨ ÙáÉǵ¹»ÝÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý í»ñÉáõÍí»É ³Ûë ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ í»ñçÇÝÝ»ñÇë µ³í³Ï³Ý ѳçáÕ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí, ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ Ñ³Ý¹ÇåáõÙÝ»ñ ¿ áõÝ»ó»É ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï:
ÐÇÙù ÁݹáõÝ»Éáí å³Ñå³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ γé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëݳíáñ»óÙ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ Ýßí³Í 3-5 ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ, ¼äØÎ, ²äØ ¨ ÎÈÐÎ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ϳ×Ç Ùáï 20% ¨ Ïϳ½ÙÇ ßáõñç 50 ÙÉñ¹ ÐÐ ¹ñ³Ù:
ÐÇÙÝí»Éáí Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáÕ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ íñ³, áñáÝù ÝáõÛÝå»ë ³Ù÷á÷í»É »Ý ëáõÛÝ Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ, ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ »Ýó¹ñ³µ³ñ ϳ×Ç Ùáï 200 ÙÉÝ Ïì/Å, ϳ٠Çñ ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý Í³í³ÉÇ 15%-áí: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝíáÕ ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ³ñï³¹ñí³Í ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ·ÝÙ³Ý ³ñÅ»ùÇ ³ÏÝϳÉíáÕ ³×Ç ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, ³ÛÝ ¿ оÎ-»ñÇÝ í׳ñíáõÙ ¿ 0.035 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ Ù»Ï Ïí/Šѳٳñ, áñÁ í׳ñíáõÙ ¿ ÇÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë ·áñÍáÕ Ð¾Î-»ñÇÝ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É Ù³ëݳíáñ»óí³Í оÎ-»ñÇÝ ³ÏÝϳÉíáÕ ³×Á ¹ñ³Ù³ÛÇÝ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛ³Ùµ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í ÏÉÇÝÇ ¨ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ÏѳëÝÇ Ùáï 25 ÙÉñ¹ ÐÐ ¹ñ³ÙÇ:
´³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùµ »ñ»ù Ýßí³Í ÏáÙµÇݳïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ýù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáÕ Ùݳó³Í ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, 2003Ã.-ÇÝ áõÝ»ó»É »Ý Ùáï 100% ³×: î»ñï»ñ³ë³ñ ¨ ÈÇ×ùí³½ Â»Û Ñ³Ýù»ñÇ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ëáõÛÝ Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ Ýßí³Í ³ÛÉ Ñ³Ýù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Ñ³í»ÉÛ³É Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ, Áëï å³Ñå³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý Ùáï»óÙ³Ý Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ѳëÝ»É ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ¨ë 5 ÙÉÝ ²ØÜ ¹áɳñÇ Ï³Ù 2.75 ÙÉñ¹ ÐÐ ¹ñ³ÙÇ:
êÝÝ¹Ç ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ Ï³×»Ý »ñÏñÇ Ðܲ-Ç Íñ³·ñ³íáñí³Í ï»Ùå»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õ: ²Õù³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Îñ׳ïÙ³Ý è³½Ùí³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ö³ëï³ÃÕÃÇ (²Îèö)28 ѳٳӳÛÝ, ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ËÙµÇ ÏáÕÙÇó Ùß³Ïí³Í ϳÝ˳ï»ëáõÙÝ»ñÁ (Íñ³·ÇñÁ ýÇݳÝë³íáñí»É ¿ гٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ´³ÝÏÇ, ²ñÅáõÛÃÇ ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ÐÇÙݳ¹ñ³ÙÇ, زÎ-Ç ¼³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ìñ³·ñÇ, Ø»Í ´ñÇï³ÝdzÛÇ ²ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝÛ³Ý ¼³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ¸»å³ñï³Ù»ÝïÇ, ÐáɳݹdzÛÇ Î³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý, ¶»ñÙ³ÝdzÛÇ Î³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó), г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ðܲ-Ý ³é³çÇϳ »ñ»ù ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ ³×»Éáõ ¿ 6%Çó ÷áùñ ÇÝã ³í»É ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ÙÇçÇÝ ¹ñáõÛùáí, ϳ½Ù»Éáí ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 19% »ñ»ù ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇ Ïïñí³Íùáí: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, ëÝÝ¹Ç ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ë»ÏïáñÝ»ñÇ ëå³ëí»ÉÇù ³×Á ÝáõÛÝå»ë ³ÏÝϳÉíáõÙ ¿, áñ Ïϳ½ÙÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ݳµ³ñ 19%:
28 ²Îèö, 2003
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 75 ²ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÛÉ áÉáñïÝ»ñÁ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É ï»ùëïÇÉÁ, ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÏáßÇÏÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ Ù»ù»Ý³ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, é»ïÇÝÇ ¨ åɳëïÙ³ë³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ¨ ³ÛÉ áÉáñïÝ»ñÁ ³×Ç µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ó³Íñ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõÝ»Ý ¨ ¹Çï³ñÏí³Í ųٳݳϳѳïí³ÍáõÙ ÏáõÝ»Ý³Ý Ý»ñϳ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÇ ã³÷áí ϳÛáõÝ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù:
´Ý³ÏãáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ù³ïáõóíáÕ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ å³ïϳÝáõÙ ¿ ÏáÙáõÝ³É Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ, ѳÕáñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ¨ µ³ÝϳÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ: îáõñǽÇÙÇ áÉáñïÁ ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ áÉáñïáõÙ Éáõñç Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝ ãáõÝÇ: âÝ³Û³Í ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ ïáõñǽÙÇ áÉáñïÇ ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áÉáñïÇ ³ÛÉ µ³Õ³¹ñÇãÝ»ñÇ ³× ¿ ϳÝ˳ï»ëáõÙ, (µ³ÝϳÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, ïñ³Ýëåáñï), ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áÉáñïÇ ³×Á ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõݻݳÉáõ Ðܲ ³×ÇÝ ½áõ·ÁÝóó, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ`19% »ñ»ù ï³ñí³ ÁÝóóùáõÙ: ì»ñçÇÝÇë å»ïù ¿ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³µ»ñÇ Ý³¨ öØÒ ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳٳñíáÕ ¨ í»ñçÇÝ»ñÇë ÏáÕÙÇó ջϳí³ñíáÕ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý ³íïá ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ï³ùëÇ, Éí³óù³ïáõÝ, í³ñë³íÇñ³ÝáóÝ»ñ, ÷áùñ ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¨ í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙÝ»ñ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝáÕ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÁ, ï³ñµ»ñ ï»ë³ÏÇ ³é³ùáõÙÝ»ñÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ, áñáÝù Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ áõÝ»Ý ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ ¨ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í ß³ÑáõÛà »Ý ·áÛ³óÝáõÙ:
²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, ÑÇÙÝí»Éáí í»ñÁ Ýßí³Í »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³, ¨ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý áÉáñïÝ»ñáõÙ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ·ñ³íÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ ÙÇçÇÝ Å³ÙÏ»ïáõÙ, Ùáï »ñ»ùÇó ÑÇÝ· ï³ñí³ Ïïñí³Íùáí êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ¨ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ϳ×Ç Ùáï 44% ¨ ϳí»É³Ý³ Ùáï 121.9 ÙÉñ¹ ¹ñ³Ùáí (Ùáï 220 ÙÉÝ ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ):
سñ½Ç ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ý˳ï»ëíáÕ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿.
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 76 Üϳñ 22. سñ½Ç ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ý˳ï»ëíáÕ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ
2% 2%3%
гÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ 33% ²ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¾É. ¾Ý»ñ·Ç³ ¶ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ 38% êÝÝ¹Ç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ì³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ 1% ²ÛÉ
21%
ÆÝãå»ë ³Ù÷á÷í³Í ¿ ÝϳñáõÙ, ãÝ³Û³Í êÛáõÝÇùÇ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ·ñ³íÇã áÉáñïÝ»ñáõÙ ³ÏÝϳÉíáÕ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ, ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí ϳÝ˳ï»ëíáÕ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÇ ³×Á ø³ç³ñ³ÝÇ, ²·³ñ³ÏÇ ¨ γå³ÝÇ ÏáÙµÇݳïÝ»ñÇ ßÝáñÑÇí ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÁ Ïå³Ñå³ÝÇ Çñ Ý»ñϳÛÇë µ³ñÓñ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ 33% ٳϳñ¹³Ïáí (ãÝ³Û³Í áñ Ý»ñϳÛÇë 40%-Çó Ýí³½áõÙ ¿) êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ͳí³ÉáõÙ: ÀݹѳÝáõñ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ë³éÝ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ·ñ»Ã» 100%, ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõ٠ϳËí³Í ÏÉÇÝÇ Ñ³Ýù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý, ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý, ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇϳÛÇ, ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ëÝݹ³ÙûñùÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý áÉáñïÝ»ñÇó:
²ÛëåÇëáí, Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ËóÝáõÙÁ ·ñ³íÇã áÉáñïÝ»ñáõÙ ¨ ·áñͳñ³ñ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ µ³ñ»É³íáõÙÁ ÃáõÛÉ »Ý ï³ÉÇë ³í»É³óÝ»É ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ¨ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ Ù³ñ½áõÙ Ùáï 40-45% »ñ»ùÇó ÑÇÝ· ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ ¨ ÏÝå³ëï»Ý ѳ½³ñ³íáñ Ýáñ ³ß˳ï³ï»Õ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³ÝÁ:
سñ½Ç áÕç ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ³éáõÙáí ³é³çݳѻñÃáõÃÛáõÝÁ å»ïù ¿ ïñíÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É áÉáñïÝ»ñÇÝ` ÑÇÙù ÁݹáõÝ»Éáí ³×Ç ï»Ùå»ñÁÁ ¨ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ.
²é³çݳѻñà áÉáñïÝ»ñ
Ø»ï³Õ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ àã-Ù»ï³Õ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ Ðǹñá¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ öØÒ ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳٳñíáÕ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¨ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 77 àã ³é³çݳѻñà áÉáñïÝ»ñ
²Ý³ëݳå³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ êÝݹ³ÙûñùÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
Ü»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ Ï³ñÇùÝ»ñÁ ¨ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ
²Ûë µ³ÅÝáõÙ ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ Ëáõë³÷»É ¿ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ã³÷»ñÇ Ï³Ý˳ï»ëáõÙÇó, áñáÝù ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï »Ý êÛáõÝÇùÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÁ ϳ٠³ÛÝåÇëÇ ëáÇóÇ³É³Ï³Ý áÉáñïÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ µ³ñ»É³í»Éáõ ѳٳñ: ØÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó, ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ Ï»Ýïñáݳó»É ¿ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÛÝ áÉáñïÝ»ñÇ íñ³, áñï»Õ Ï³Ý ·ñ³íÇã Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý.
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 10. àÉáñï³ÛÇÝ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ýϳñ³·ÇñÁ àÉáñï Ü»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ Ü»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ã³÷Á Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ýϳñ³·ÇñÁ Üáñ Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÇ ÆÝãå»ë Ýßí»É ¿ ëáõÛÝ Ü³Ë³å»ë Ùáï 0.5 ÙÉÝ Ñ³Ýù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ ¿ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý µ³ÅÝáõÙ, ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï Ù»Ï Ñ³ÝùÇ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ï³ñµ»ñ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ³éϳ »Ý áëÏáõ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÇ áã ÉÇáíÇÝ û·ï³·áñÍíáÕ Ñ³Ýù»ñ àã Ù»ï³Õ³ÛÇÝ ÆÝãå»ë Ýßí»É ¿ ëáõÛÝ Øáï 0.3-0.5 ÙÉÝ ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý ¿ å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ Ù»Ï ù³ñÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý µ³ÅÝáõÙ, í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Ñáëù³·ÍÇ êÛáõÝÇùÇ ï³ñµ»ñ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ µ³½³ÉïÇ, ·ñ³ÝÇïÇ, ïñ³í»ñïÇÝÇ, Ïñ³ù³ñÇ, ·ÇåëÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ ßÇݳÝÛáõûñÇ Ñ³Ýù³í³Ûñ»ñ Ðǹñá¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ î»Õ³ÝùÇó ¨ çñÇ ÑáëùÇó ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³éϳ »Ý 59 оÎ-»ñÇ Íñ³·ñ»ñ, ϳËí³Í ÙÇçÇÝÁ 0.6-1 ÙÉÝ áñáÝù ϳñáÕ »Ý ³ñï³¹ñ»É 77.4 Ù/í ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ ¿ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï 1 ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ ϳ٠273 ÙÉÝ Ïì/Å Ù/í ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ
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âÝ³Û³Í êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³éϳ ûñ½³ñ·³ó³Í ·áñͳñ³ñ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇÝ ¨ ÃáõÛÉ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇÝ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ öØÒ-»ñÁ ÇÝãå»ë ³ñ¹»Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óí»É ¿ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ·ÉËáõÙ Ñ³×³Ë Ñ³Ý¹ÇåáõÙ »Ý µ³½Ù³ÃÇí í³ñã³Ï³Ý ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÇ, áñáÝù µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÙ »Ý ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ: гí³Ý³µ³ñ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³Ù»Ý³í³ïóñ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ·ïÝíáõÙ ¿ γå³ÝÁ: γå³ÝÇ öØÒ-»ñÁ ѳñϳ¹ñí³Í »Ý Ñ³×³Ë ·áñÍ áõÝ»Ý³É áñáß Ã» Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ ¨ û ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ³é³ç³óÝáÕ í³ñã³Ï³Ý ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ Ýñ³Ýù ÏñÏݳÏÇ ç³Ýù»ñ ¨ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ »Ý û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ëï»ÕÍí³Í ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÁ ѳÕóѳñ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: ²Ûë ï»ëݳÏÛáõÝÇó ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ ß»ßï³¹ñáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÁ, áñ å»ïù ¿ ³å³Ñáí»É öØÒ-»ñÇ Ñ³ßí»ïáõ ÉÇÝ»Ý ÙdzÛÝ Ù»Ï Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý: سñ½³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ï»ëã³Ï³Ý µÝáõÛÃÇ ÙÇç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ öØÒ-»ñÇ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³ÝÁ å»ïù
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²Ûë ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³Ù÷á÷í³Í ¿ í»ñáÝßÛ³É ³ÕÛáõë³ÏáõÙ áñå»ë ϳñ׳ųÙÏ»ï ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, áñÁ å»ïù ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»Ý ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ¨ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ¹»ñÁ å³ïϳÝáõÙ ¿ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ: ì»ñçÇÝë å»ïù ¿ ÙÇ ß³ñù ѳïáõÏ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ó»éݳñÏÇ: ²é³çÇÝ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ γå³ÝÇ, êÇëdzÝÇ, ¶áñÇëÇ ¨ Ø»ÕñÇÇ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ å»ïù ¿ ѳݹÇåáõÙÝ»ñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåÇ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý öØÒ-»ñÇ Ñ»ï` Ýå³ï³Ï áõݻݳÉáí ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ³ñÓ³·³Ýù ëï³Ý³É µÇ½Ý»ëÇÝ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ áõ ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É: ºñÏñáñ¹` سñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÁ å»ïù ¿ ³ç³ÏóÇ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï µ³ñÓñ³óí³Í ѳñó»ñÇ Ý»ñùÇÝ ùÝݳñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ: ºññáñ¹` ·áñͳñ³ñ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÝ áõ öØÒ-»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ áõÝ»Ý³Ý Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³Íù Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ ¨ ѳٳÛÝù³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí: ²Ûë »ñÏáõ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³Ýç³ïáõÙÁ å»ïù ¿ ß»ßï³¹ñíÇ: ì»ñç³å»ë` سñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÁ å»ïù ¿ å³ïß³× ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ó»éݳñÏÇ ÏñÏݳÏÇ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ µÇ½Ý»ëÇÝ ã³éÝãíáÕ Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ÙÇç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝÁ öØÒ-»ñÇ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ýí³½»óÝ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí:
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²ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý µ³½Ù³½³Ý»óáõÙÁ` öØÒ-»ñÇ ËóÝÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí
ÆÝå»ë Ýßí»É ¿ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÝ áõ ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÁ ·ÉËáõÙ, êÛáõÝÇùÇ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ëå³éݳóáÕ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý íï³Ý·Á ϳËí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë` ¼äØÎ-Çó: ²Ûë å³ñ³·³ÛáõÙ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ áñáß³ÏÇ ù³ÛÉ»ñ Ó»éݳñÏ»Ý áõÕÕí³Í êÛáõÝÇùÇ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 85 ϳéáõóí³ÍùÇ µ³½Ù³½³Ý»óÙ³ÝÁ: ´³½Ù³½³Ý»óÙ³Ý ³Ù»Ý³³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý öØÒ-»ñÇ ËóÝáõÙÝ ¿: Æëϳå»ë, êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ öØÒ-»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ Ïѳݷ»óÝÇ ³ÛÉ ×ÛáõÕ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ` Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ëÝÝ¹Ç í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý, ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ³ñÑ»ëïÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, öØÒ áÉáñïÇ ËóÝáõÙÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ µ³ñ¹ ËݹÇñ ¿, áñÁ å»ïù ¿ ѳٳϳñ·íÇ ¨ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ÝñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó: êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ öØÒ-»ñÇ ËóÝÙ³Ý ÑÇÙݳѳñó»ñÝ »Ý í³ñã³Ï³Ý ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³óáõÙÁ, ·áñͳñ³ñ ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñÓñ³óáõÙÁ ¨ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ¹³ßïÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ, áñáÝù ÏÝå³ëï»Ý öØÒ-»ñÇÝ ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÷áõÉ»ñáõÙ:
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êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 86 ê³ÑٳݳٻñÓ ·áïáõ µÝ³Ï»óÙ³Ý ËݹñÇ Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õ Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ å»ïù ¿ ѳïáõÏ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝÇ Ý³¨ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ³ÛÉ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý í³Ûñ»ñÇ µÝ³Ï»óÙ³ÝÁ: سñ½áõÙ ³éϳ »Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ϳñáÕ »Ý û·ï³·áñÍí»É ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñáí: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ï³ëÇ å³ï׳éáí ß³ï ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñ ã»Ý û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ: ØÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñáõÙ ß³ï »Ý ·áñͳ½áõñÏÝ»ñÁ: л勉µ³ñ, ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùݳϳé³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇó å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ ¿ ¹ñ¹»É ³Û¹ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ï»Õ³÷áËí»É ·ÛáõÕ»ñ: Æëϳå»ë, ÙÇçÇÝ Ï³Ù ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ »ñϳñ ųÙÏ»ïáõÙ ³ÛÝ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ѳ½³ñ³íáñ ³ß˳ï³ï»Õ»ñ »Ý ³å³Ñáí»É ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ ØÇáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ ã»Ý ·áñÍ»Éáõ ÁݹѳÝñ³å»ë ϳ٠ã»Ý ·áñÍ»Éáõ ÝáõÛÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ïáí: л勉µ³ñ, ·áñͳ½ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý ËݹÇñÁ ³éϳ ¿ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ: ø³ÝÇ áñ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ¨ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÁ ãáõÝ»Ý µ³í³ñ³ñ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý ·áïÇ í»ñ³µÝ³Ï»óÝ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí, ѳñÏ ¿ ÏÇñ³é»É ³ÛÉ, áã ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ëñ³ËáõëáõÙ ëï»ÕÍ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: êñ³Ýù ϳñáÕ »Ý ÉÇÝ»É ÇÝãå»ë ѳñϳÛÇÝ ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ÑáÕÇ ¨ Ù³ë³Ùµ »ÝóϳéáõÛóÝ»ñÇ ³Ýí׳ñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÙÁ:
²é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ ³ÕÛáõë³ÏáõÙ ³Ûë ËݹÇñÁ Ýßí³Í ¿ áñå»ë »ñϳñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï (5-10 ï³ñÇ) ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, áñÁ å»ïù ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ: سëݳíáñ³å»ë ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í »Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ.
i) ´Ý³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ ë³ÑٳݳٻñÓ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñ Ñݳñ³íáñ ï»Õ³÷áËÙ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É (Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ) ii) ê³ÑٳݳٻñÓ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ñ÷³Ï Íñ³·ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ (Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ), iii) ê³ÑٳݳٻñÓ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñáõÙ »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íáõÙ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É Ù³ÛñáõÕÇÝ»ñÁ, ÏáÙáõÝ³É Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ѳÕáñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ñ³Ýñ³ÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ (Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ), iv) ê³ÑٳݳٻñÓ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñ ï»Õ³÷áËí»Éáõ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ëñ³ËáõëÇã ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ÏÇñ³éáõÙ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É Ñ³ñϳÛÇÝ ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, çñ³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý ¨ ¿É»Ïïñ³¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ÏÇñ³éáõÙÁ, ³Ýí׳ñ ÑáÕ³ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ (Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ):
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 87 Ðǹñá¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ËóÝáõÙÁ
Ðǹñá¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ËóÝáõÙÁ, ÇÝãå»ë Ýßí»É ¿ ëáõÛÝ Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ·ÉËáõÙ, ϳñáÕ ¿ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ½·³ÉÇ ¨ ³ñ³· ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý³É ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÇ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³: ¶áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ »ñÏáõ Ùáï»óáõÙ ³Ûë áÉáñïÇ ËóÝÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ø³ÝÇ áñ áÉáñïÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ËáëïáõÙݳÉÇó ¿ ¨ ³ñ³·ÁÝóó ³× ¿ ³ÏÝϳÉíáõÙ, ³å³ ÙdzÛÝ í³ñã³Ï³Ý ¨ ³ÛÉ µÛáõñáÏñ³ï³Ï³Ý ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³óáõÙÁ ³ñ¹»Ý ÇëÏ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ½·³ÉÇ ù³ÛÉ Ñ³Ý¹Çë³Ý³É ³Ûë µÇ½Ý»ëÇ ËóÝÙ³Ý ·áñÍáõÙ: ºñÏñáñ¹, ³í»ÉÇ ³ÏïÇí Ùáï»óáõÙÁ ÏÉÇÝÇ áÉáñïÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÁ Ñݳñ³íáñ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇÝ: àñå»ë ËóÝÙ³Ý ÙÇçáó, Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ϳñáÕ »Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ý³Ë³Ó»éÝáõÃÛáõÝ` Ý»ñ³éÛ³É Íñ³·ñÇ ³ÏÝϳÉíáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É µñáßáõñÝ»ñÇ ïå³·ñáõÙ ¨ ¹ñ³Ýó ï³ñ³ÍáõÙÁ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ¨ ³ñï»ñÏñáõÙ áÉáñïÇ Ýϳïٳٵ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³µ»ñáÕ Ñݳñ³íáñ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ ßñç³ÝáõÙ, Ñ»ï³ùñùñí³Í Ñݳñ³íáñ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ÏáÝý»é³ÝëÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÙÁ ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ, ϳ٠áñå»ë ÁݹѳÝáõñ ÙÇçáó` ɳÛÝ Ù³ëë³Û³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ í³Û»ÉáÕ Ã»ñÃáõÙ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ïå³·ñáõÙÁ:
гÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÇ ËóÝáõÙ
ÆÝãå»ë ³ñ¹»Ý Ýᯐ »Ýù, êÛáõÝÇùÝ áõÝÇ Ñ³Ýù³ÝÛáõûñÇ Ëáßáñ å³ß³ñÝ»ñ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É ½³Ý³½³Ý Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÝ ¨ ù³ñ»ñÁ: Æ ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ù»ï³ÕÇ Ñ³Ýù»ñÇ å³ïß³× û·ï³·áñÍÙ³ÝÁ, ù³ñÇ Ñ³Ýù»ñÁ ¹»é¨ë ٻͳٳë³Ùµ ã»Ý ߳ѳ·áñÍíáõÙ: ²Ûë áÉáñïáõÙ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ·ñ³íÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí Ù³ñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÁ å»ïù ¿ ÙÇ ß³ñù ËóÝÇã ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ݳ˳ӻéÝÇ, ³Û¹ Ãíáõ٠ݳ¨.
i) Èñ³óáõóÇã ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝ ³ÝóϳóáõÙ, ѳÝù»ñÇ ×ß·ñÇï ϳéáõóí³ÍùÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÁݹѳÝáõñ å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ѳÝùáõÙ ³éϳ å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ ×ß·ñïáõÙ, ii) ²é³í»É ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ѳÝù»ñÇ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ѳÝù³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳÝٳٵ ½µ³ÕíáÕ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ñݳñ³íáñ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ ó³ÝÏÇ ¨ Ýϳñ³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÙ, iii) ȳÛݳͳí³É ¨ ³í»ÉÇ Ý»Õ ËóÝÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ, ûñÇݳÏ` êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ñ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ Ñ³ïáõÏ ÇÝï»ñÝ»ï³ÛÇÝ ¿çÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ ¨ ï»Õ³¹ñáõÙ, µñáßáõñÝ»ñÇ ïå³·ñáõÙ ¨ ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ Ñݳñ³íáñ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨, ºñ¨³Ýáõ٠ѳïáõÏ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ÏáÝý»é³ÝëÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÙ` êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ñ³Ýù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïáõÙ ³éϳ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí:
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Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ÇÝï»ñÝ»ï³ÛÇÝ ¿ç` www.syunik.am: ²Ûë Íñ³·ÇñÁ ýÇݳÝë³íáñí»É ¿ ²ØÜ ä»ï. ¸»å³ñï³Ù»ÝïÇ ÎñÃ³Ï³Ý ¨ Øß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ ´ÛáõñáÛÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ¨ Ï³é³í³ñíáõÙ ¿ ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÷á˳ݳÏÙ³Ý ËáñÑñ¹Ç ÏáÕÙÇó (IREX): ²é³ÝÓÇÝ ÇÝï»ñÝ»ï³ÛÇÝ ¿ç»ñ áõÝ»Ý Ý³¨ êÇëdzÝÇ, ¶áñÇëÇ ¨ Ø»Õñáõ ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÁ: âÝ³Û³Í ÇÝï»ñÝ»ï³ÛÇÝ ¿ç»ñÁ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÙ »Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý, ³ß˳ñѳ·ñáõÃÛ³Ý, ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý, ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý, ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý, ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý, Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ, ïáõñǽÙÇ, µÝ³å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý, ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÇÝùݳϳé³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É, ÙǨÝáõÛÝÝ ¿ ϳñÇù ϳ ëï»ÕÍ»É ³í»ÉÇ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ¨ å³ñµ»ñ³µ³ñ Ýáñ³óíáÕ ÇÝï»ñÝ»ï³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñë, áñÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ û·ï³·áñÍí»É Ù³ñ½áõÙ µÇ½Ý»ëÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí: ²é³ç³ñÏíáÕ ÇÝï»ñÝ»ï³ÛÇÝ ¿çÁ å»ïù ¿ ³í»ÉÇ Ï»Ýïñáݳó³Í ÉÇÝÇ µÇ½Ý»ëÇ íñ³ ¨ áõÕÕí³Í ÉÇÝÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ·ñ³íÙ³ÝÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ û·ï³·áñÍíÇ êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ, ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ïáõñǽÙÇ ËóÝÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñáí:
гÛïÝÇ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÇ Ý»ñ·ñ³íáõÙ
гٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ÷áñÓÇ ÏÇñ³éáõÙÁ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ·ñ³íÙ³Ý Ñ³ñóáõÙ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë í»ñçÇÝ »ññáñ¹ ë»ñÝ¹Ç áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ËóÝÙ³Ý Ù»Ë³ÝǽÙÝ»ñÇ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ` ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ïáñåáñ³ódzݻñÇ Ý»ñ·ñ³íáõÙÁ ³é³çݳѻñà ¹»ñ ¿ ˳ÕáõÙ, ¨ ѻﳷ³ÛáõÙ §Ï³Ý³ã ÉáõÛë¦ ¿ ï³ÉÇë ³ÛÉ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇÝ: ÎÇñ³é»Éáí ÙǨÝáõÛÝ Ùáï»óáõÙÁ êÛáõÝÇùáõ٠ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ýß»É, áñ ѳñÏ ¿ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñ Ý»ñ·ñ³í»É г۳ëï³ÝÇ ³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í §ûÉÇ·³ñËÝ»ñÇó¦: ²Ûë ·áñͳñ³ñÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí³Í Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ã³÷³½³Ýó ϳñ¨áñ »Ý, ù³ÝÇ áñ ³é³çÇÝ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ` Ýñ³Ýó ÷áñÓÁ ÏÝ»ñ·ñ³íÇ ³ÛÉ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ, ÇëÏ »ñÏñáñ¹Á` Ñ³Û ûÉÇ·³ñËÝ»ñÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Í³í³ÉáõÝ ¨ µ³½Ù³½³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ »Ý í³ñáõÙ: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ Ù»Ï áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí³Í ѳçáÕ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ÇñÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ³ÛÉ áÉáñïáõÙ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹ñ¹³å³ï׳é ѳݹÇë³Ý³É: ²í»ÉÇÝ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ûÉÇ·³ñËÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ³éϳ Ù»Ï ËÙµÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ϳï³ñí³Í Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ÏÝå³ëïÇ ÙÛáõëÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ϳï³ñíáÕ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ: Üßí³Í Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ËóÝáõÙÁ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ý»Õ ýáÏáõë³óí³Í ¨ µ³ñÓñ ٳϳñ¹³ÏÇ íñ³ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáÕ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, ³é³çÇÝ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ` ѳݹÇåáõÙÝ»ñ ¨ Íñ³·ñ»ñ ѳÏÇñ× Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÝ»ñ سñ½å»ïÇ ¨ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ûÉÇ·³ñËÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý SIL ¶ñáõåÁ, ØáõÉïÇ ¶ñáõåÁ, MAX ¶ñáõåÁ, X ¶ñáõåÁ, ØÇϳ ÈÇÙÇÃǹÁ, ì³É»ï³ êäÀ-Ý ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
²Ûë ï³ñ³ï»ë³Ï ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ϳï³ñí³Í Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ïѳݷ»óÝ»Ý ÙÇ ß³ñù ¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ó»éùµ»ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý.
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 89 i) Üáñ ³ß˳ï³ï»Õ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ ¨ ³ÛëåÇëáí Ù³ñ½áõÙ í³ï³·áõÛÝ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý óáõó³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íáõÙ, ii) ÀݹѳÝáõñ »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÇ µ³ñ»É³íáõ٠ѳïáõÏ Ï»Ýïñáݳóí³Í Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí, iii) ²ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íáõÙ ³ß˳ï³í³Ûñ»ñáõÙ ³ÝóϳóíáÕ í»ñ³å³ïñ³ëïáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí, iv) سñ½áõÙ ÁݹѳÝáõñ µÇ½Ý»ë ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ µ³ñ»É³íáõÙ ûÉÇ·³ñËÝ»ñÇ ¨ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ñµ»ñ Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ »ñÏËáëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áõ ÙǨÝáõÛÝ í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ µÇ½Ý»ëÇÝ ÷á˳Ýó»Éáõ ÙÇçáóáí:
ÀݹѳÝáõñ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ÏáÝý»é³Ýë
Æ ÉñáõÙÝ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ·ñ³íÙ³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³Í ÃÇñ³Ë³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ë»ÙÇݳñÝ»ñÁ ¨ Ñǹñá¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ áõ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÝ»ñÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ѳßí»ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ïå³·ñáõÙÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ëáõÛÝ ·ÉËáõÙ ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í µ³ñÓñ³ëïÇ×³Ý å³ßïáÝ۳ݻñÇ áõ Ñݳñ³íáñ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ùÝݳñÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ, êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õ å»ïù ¿ Ó»éݳñÏÇ ³í»ÉÇ ÁݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý, ɳÛݳï³ñ³Í ѳÝñ³ÛÇÝ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñ, áñáÝù ÙÇ·áõó» ã»Ý áõݻݳ ßáß³÷»ÉÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù ϳñ× Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍáõÙ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ Ïµ³ñÓñ³óÝ»Ý Çñ³½»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù³ñ½Ç í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É: àñå»ë ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ÙÇçáó êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ¹Çï³ñÏ»É ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ÏáÝý»é³ÝëÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÙÁ, سñ½å»ïÇ, Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ, ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ, ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ, ï»Õ³Ï³Ý µ³ÝÏ»ñÇ, Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ù³ïáõóáÕÝ»ñÇ, Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ, ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáÕÝ»ñÇ, Ù³ëݳ·Çï³óí³Í ³ëáódzódzݻñÇ, ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ñݳñ³íáñ Ñ»ï³ùñùñí³Í ÏáÕÙ»ñÇ Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ:
ÎáÝý»é³ÝëÇó ³ÏÝϳÉíáÕ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ϳñáÕ »Ý µ³ñ»É³í»É Ù³ñ½Ç í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É ÁݹѳÝáõñ ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ¹³ßïÁ, Ñ»ï³ùñùñ»É ï»Õ³óÇ ¨ ë÷Ûáõéù³Ñ³Û µÇ½Ý»ëÇÝ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É Ù³ñ½áõÙ, ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ¹áÝáñÝ»ñÇÝ, áñáÝù ÷áñÓáõÙ »Ý Ñ»ï¨»É ÃÇñ³Ë³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåíáÕ Ñ³Ù³·áõÙ³ñÝ»ñÇÝ, ÐÎ-Ý»ñÇÝ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 90 î»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñ»É³íáõÙ
ÊݹÇñÝ»ñÇ áõ ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ ·ÉËáõÙ ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ ß»ßïáõÙ ¿ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý pakasi ѳñóÁ: ê³ ³é³çݳÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇó ¿, áñÝ áõÝÇ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ù³ëݳÏÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñ, ûñÇݳÏ` êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ÇÝï»ñÝ»ï ϳåÇ ÁݹɳÛÝáõÙ, ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ FM é³¹Çá³ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ ËóÝáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ: ²Ûë Ùáï»óáõÙÁ ß³ï ϳñ¨áñ ¿ êÛáõÝÇùÇ áÕç µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý ³éáõÙáí: ØÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ µ³ñ»É³í»É ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ áÉáñïÝ»ñáõÙ, áñáÝù Ý»ñ·ñ³íí³Í »Ý Ù³ñ½Ç ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóáõÙ: ²Û¹ ÃÇñ³Ë³ÛÇÝ ë»·Ù»ÝïÝ»ñÝ Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ »Ý Ù³ñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÇ ¨ ѳٳÛÝù³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçÇÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ å³ßïáÝ۳ݻñÇÝ, ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ ¨ ·ÛáõÕ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇÝ, ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ µÇ½Ý»ëÇ ¨ ÐÎ-Ý»ñÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇÝ: ²Ûë Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó Ù³ñ½Ç ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ËóÝÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³é³çݳÛÇÝ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï: л勉µ³ñ, Ù³ñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÝ áõ γå³ÝÇ, ø³ç³ñ³ÝÇ, Ø»ÕñÇÇ, ¶áñÇëÇ ¨ êÇëdzÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ËÃ³Ý»Ý ³Û¹ ÃÇñ³Ë³ÛÇÝ ËÙµ»ñÇ Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨/ϳ٠ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåíáÕ ½³Ý³½³Ý ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ ¨ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÇÝ: سëݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ÉÇÝ»É »ñÏáõ ï»ë³ÏÇ: ²é³çÇÝÁ, Ù³ñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ϳñáÕ »Ý ѳٳϳñ·»É ѳٳ峳ëË³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý å»ï³Ï³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ (гñϳÛÇÝ ï»ëãáõÃÛáõÝ, ²ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñï»Õ Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó Éñ³Ùß³Ïí³Í ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï) ¨ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ýñ³Ýó ³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ êÛáõÝÇù ¨ ë»ÙÇݳñÝ»ñ áõ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ÷á˳ݳÏÙ³Ý ³ÛÉ ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É Ýñ³Ýó ÙÇç¨: Ø»Ï ³ÛÉ Ùáï»óáõÙ ¿ ËÃ³Ý»É êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ ³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ù³ñ½»ñáõÙ ³ÝóϳóíáÕ ÝٳݳïÇå ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ: êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÝٳݳïÇå ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ ÏÝå³ëïÇ áã ÙdzÛÝ Ýñ³Ýó ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ ¨ Çñ³½»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³ÝÁ, ³ÛÉ Ý³¨ ÏÝ»ñ·áñÍÇ ³Ûë Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ»ñÇ íñ³, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ÏÝå³ëïÇ ÃÇñ³Ë³ÛÇÝ ËÙµ»ñáõÙ ³é³çÝáñ¹áõÃÛ³Ý µÝáñáß Ñ³ïϳÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³ÝÁ:
гٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ Ñ³Õáñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ËóÝáõÙ
ÊݹÇñÁ ¨ ¹ñ³ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ù³ë³Ùµ ϳåí³Í »Ý ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É í»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ³é³ç³ñÏÇ Ñ»ï: ØÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó, ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÇó µ³óÇ, ³ÛÉ å³ï׳éÝ»ñ ÝáõÛÝå»ë ϳÝ: êáíáñ³µ³ñ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ѳÝñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÛÉ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝáõ٠ѳٳÛÝùÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÁ ÁÝïñíáõÙ »Ý áã û ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ѳïϳÝÇßÝ»ñáí ϳ٠ջϳí³ñ»Éáõ ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛ³Ý ßÝáñÑÇí, ³ÛÉ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùáõÙ Çñ»Ýó µ³ñ»Ï³ÙÝ»ñÇ ÃíÇó »ÉÝ»Éáí: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, ß³ï ³Ý·³Ù ÁÝïñí³Í ջϳí³ñÝ»ñÁ ãáõÝ»Ý ³é³çÝáñ¹Ç ѳٳñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ѳïϳÝÇßÝ»ñ ϳ٠ï³ññ³Ï³Ý
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 91 ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñ ¨ ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ` Çñ»Ýó ѳٳÛÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ÷Ýïñ»Éáõ ¨ ³Û¹åÇëÇ Íñ³·ñ»ñáõÙ Áݹ·ñÏí»Éáõ ѳٳñ: سñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÁ, ÇѳñÏ», ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ï³Ù ³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ï»ñåáí ³½¹»É ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³, ë³Ï³ÛÝ Ø³ñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÁ å»ïù ¿ áñáß ç³Ýù»ñ ·áñͳ¹ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇ ¹»ñÇ, å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ÏñûÉáõ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ×Çßï ¨ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»Éáõ ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»Éáõ ѳñóáõÙ:
²Ûë ݳ˳ӻéÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³éáõÙáí سñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ݳ¨ ¹ÇÙ»É Ù³ëݳ·Çï³óí³Í ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ` ISEF ¨ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÐÎ-Ý»ñÇ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³ÝÁ` Ù³ñ½Ç ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñáõÙ ÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÁ µ³ñ»É³í»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí:
¼äØÎ-ÇÝ ÏÇó í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³ÝÝ ³éÝãíáÕ ³ÛÉ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝáõÙ
гÝù³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ³éáõÙáí ÁݹáõÝí³Í ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÑÇÙÝí³Í »Ý ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ÏÇó í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý íñ³: гÝù³Ñ³ÝÙ³ÝÁ Ñ»ï¨áõÙ ¿ ÏáÝó»Ýïñ³ïÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï³·³ Ùß³ÏáõÙÁ Ù»ï³Éáõñ·Ç³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ: ì»ñçÇÝë ëï»ÕÍáõÙ ¿ áõÕճѳ۳ó ÇÝï»·ñ³óí³Í ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³Íù, áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ÉÇÝ»É ÑáõÙù ϳ٠ٻï³ÕÛ³ ³ÛÉ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý ûñÇÝ³Ï åÕÝÓ» ɳñ»ñÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ: àñù³Ý ³í»ÉÇ ËáñÝ ¿ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÇÝï»·ñ³óáõÙÁ, ³ÛÝù³Ý ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í ¿ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ³í»É³óí³Í ³ñÅ»ùÁ:
Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ¼äØÎ-Ý Ý»ñ·ñ³íí³Í »Ý å³ñ½, ùÇã ³í»É³óí³Í ³ñÅ»ù áõÝ»óáÕ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñáõÙ, áñáÝù ÑÇÙÝí³Í »Ý ÏáÝó»Ýïñ³ïÝ»ñÇ í³×³éùÇ íñ³:
²Ûë ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í ³í»Éóí³Í ³ñÅ»ùÁ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ¨ ÁݹѳÝñ³å»ë г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ µ³ñÓñ³óÝ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí` ¼äØΠѳٳñ ѳÛï»ñÇ Ý»ñ³Ï³Û³óÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ï³Éáõó Ñ»ïá å»ïù ¿ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕճѳ۳ó ÇÝï»·ñ³óÙ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É Ñݳñ³íáñ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï³·³ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇÝ:
Ø»ï³Éáõñ·Ç³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñ³ÝÇ ÑÇÙÝáõÙÁ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ïáõݻݳ ÏáÙµÇݳïÇ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ù³ñ½Ç ѳٳñ, áñáÝó ÃíáõÙ »Ý Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛ³Ý ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í ß³ÑáõÛÃÁ ¨ ѳëáõÛÃÁ, µÛáõç» Ï³ï³ñíáÕ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ñ³ñϳÛÇÝ í׳ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õ, ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í ³í»É³óí³Í ³ñÅ»ùÁ, Ù»ï³Éáõñ·Ç³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñ³ÝÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ ½µ³ÕíáÕ ³ÛÉ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý»ñ³éÛ³É ²äØÎ ¨ ÎÈÐÎ, ѳñÛáõñ³íáñ Ýáñ ³ß˳ï³ï»Õ»ñÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 92 âÝ³Û³Í í»ñáÝßÛ³ÉÇÝ å»ïù ¿ Ç ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ, áñ ûÏáõ½ áõÕճѳ۳ó ÇÝï»·ñ³óáõÙÁ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³éٳٵ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ³Ûë ¹»åùáõÙ ¼äØÎ-Ç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ å»ïù ¿ ÑÇÙù ÁݹáõÝ»É Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ Çñ³·áñÍ»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ì»ñçÇÝë å»ïù ¿ Ý»ñ³éÇ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝóÇó »Ý áõÕճѳ۳ó ÇÝï»·ñ³óÙ³Ý ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ, Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ Ï³ñÇùÝ»ñÁ, ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ¨ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý ϳñÇùÝ»ñÁ, ßáõϳݻñÁ, ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåã³Ï³Ý Ý»ñáõÅÁ, ýÇݳÝëÝ»ñÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
سñ½³ÛÇÝ »ÝóϳéáõÛóÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ
سñ½³ÛÇÝ »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙÁ Ù³ñ½Ç ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý íÇ׳ÏÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý Ï³ñ¨áñ³·áõÛÝ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿: êáõÛÝ Ñ³ßí»ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÙ³Ý ³éáõÙáí ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ ¹Çï³ñÏ»É ¿ ·³½³ýÇϳóÙ³Ý, áéá·Ù³Ý ¨ ׳ݳå³ñѳßÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÝ»ñÁ:
àéá·Ù³Ý ³éáõÙáí Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý »Ýóϳ ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÁ Áëï ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿.
êÇëdzÝÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³Ý êå³Ý¹³ñÛ³Ý Ð¾Î-Ç ×ÝßáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ÃáõÝ»ÉÇó áéá·Ù³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí 2500É / íñÏ çáõñ í»ñóÝ»É êÇëdzÝ, ²Ý·»Õ³ÏáÃ, Þ³ù», Æß˳ݳë³ñ, àõÛÍ, Üáñ³í³Ý, ²ÕÇïáõ, ì³Õ³ïÝÇ, ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ßáõñç 5570 ѳ /4330ѳ Ýáñ Çñ³óíáÕ/ áéá·»ÉÇ ¹³ñÓÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: æñ³·ÍÇ »ñϳñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ïϳ½ÙÇ Ùáï 14 ÏÙ, Ùáï³íáñ ³ñÅ»ùÁª 7.4ÙÉÝ. ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ:
1989-90ÃÃ.-Ý»ñÇÝ ëÏëí»É »Ý ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ¨ ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨ ¹³¹³ñ»óí»É: Ü»ñϳ áõ³áõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ å³ñ½í»É ¿, áñ ÙáÝï³Åí³Í ¿ d =1020 ÙÙ Ù»ï³Õ³Ï³Ý ËáÕáí³Ï³ß³ñª 840 ·Í³Ù»ïñ, 4 ÏÙ-Ç íñ³ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñáõ٠ϳï³ñí³Í »Ý ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ/ 60.0ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù/:
²ñ¨Çë-³ݳѳï–³ëÇÏ - гó³í³Ý- ²ßáï³í³Ý çñ³·ÍÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙª áéá·Ù³Ý ٻ˳ÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÷á˳ñÇÝáõÙ ÇÝùݳÑáë ѳٳϳñ·áí:
¶áñÇëÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³Ý
î»ÕÇ ¨ ÎáéÝÇÓáñÇ áéá·Ù³Ý Ýáñ çñ³·Í»ñÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙ, ·áñÍáÕ çñ³ï³ñÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙݳÝáñá·áõÙ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 93 γå³ÝÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³Ý
ºÕí³ñ¹ 8ÏÙ 100ÙÙ /Ý»ñïÝï»ë³ÛÇÝ ó³Ýó/ - 60 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù ì»ñÇÝ ¶Ûá¹³ùÉáõ 7ѳ áéá·áõÙ, 1000ËÙ çñ³Ùµ³ñÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙ - 20 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù àõųÝÇë 3ÏÙ 100ÙÙ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ /Ý»ñïÝï»ë³ÛÇÝ ó³Ýó/ - 23 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù ¸³íÇõ»ÏÇ çñ³Ùµ³ñ-àôųÝÇëÇ-ºÕí³ñ¹-²·³ñ³Ï-ʹñ³Ýó - 1.450 ÙÉÝ. ¹áɳñ ̳í-êñ³ß»Ý ÇÝùݳÑáë çñ³ï³ñÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙ 7ÏÙ, 300ÙÙ - 200 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù êñ³ß»Ý 5 ÏÙ 100ÙÙ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ /Ý»ñïÝï»ë³ÛÇÝ ó³Ýó/ - 38 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù ÞÇϳÑáÕ 500Ù 300ÙÙ-Ç /çñ³ï³ñÇ Ýáñá·áõÙ/ , 7ÏÙ 100ÙÙ-Ç í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ /Ý»ñïÝï»ë³ÛÇÝ ó³Ýó/ - 60 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù ʳɳç 5ÏÙ 100ÙÙ-Ç çñ³ï³ñÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙ - 38 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù ʹñ³Ýó 2ÏÙ 100ÙÙ /Ý»ñïÝï»ë³ÛÇÝ ó³Ýó/ - 3.0 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù ²ñÍí³ÝÇÏ 7ÏÙ 300 ÙÙ çñ³ï³ñ ϳéáõóáõÙ - 170 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù ²·³ñ³Ï 8ÏÙ 100ÙÙ /Ý»ñïÝï»ë³ÛÇÝ ó³ÝóÇ Ýáñá·áõÙ/ - 60 ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³Ù êÛáõÝÇù çñ³Ùµ³ñÇó ëÝíáÕ çñ³ÝóùÇ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ - 15 ÙÉÝ ¹ñ³Ù
Ø»ÕñÇÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³Ý ì³ñ¹³ÝÇÓáñÇó ²É¹³ñ³-Þí³ÝÇÓáñ-ÜÛáõí³¹Ç ÇÝùݳÑáë áéá·Ù³Ý çñ³·ÍÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙ: ²Ûë çñ³·ËÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ 1.2ÙÉñ¹. ¹ñ³Ù: ÊݹÇñÁ ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í ¿ñ ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý 2000Ã. ÃÇí 417 áñáßٳٵ, Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É ¿ñ 20.0ÙÉÝ. ¹ñ³ÙÇ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ Ï³ñ¨ñ »Ýóϳéáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·Çñ ¿ ѳݹÇë³ÝáõÙ ·³½³ýÇϳóÙ³Ý ÁݹɳÛÝáõÙÁ ³ÙµáÕç Ù³ñ½Ç ï³ñ³ÍùáõÙ: ¶³½³ýÇϳóáõÙÁ áã ÙdzÛÝ ÏÝå³ëïÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ëáóÇÉ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³ÝÁ, ³ÛÉ Ý³¨ Ïëï»ÕÍÇ Ýå³ëï³íáñ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ µ³ñ»É³íÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ³Ýï³éÇ ÏïñïÙ³Ý Ýí³½»óÙ³Ý Ñ³ßíÇÝ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ÏËóÝÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³í»ÉÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³ßíÇÝ:
ì»ñçÇÝ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ Ð³Ûéáõë·³½³ñ¹Ç ÏáÕÙÇó Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí³Í ɳÛݳͳí³É ·³½³ýÇϳóÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñÇ ßÝáñÑÇí Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë ·³½Ç µ³Å³Ýáñ¹Ý»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ êÛáõÝÇùáõ٠ѳë»É ¿ ÜÊØ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ 52% -ÇÝ: Æñ³Ý – г۳ëï³Ý ·³½³ï³ñÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙÁ ³ÝóÝ»Éáí êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ï³ñ³Íùáí ¿É ³í»ÉÇ ÏËóÝÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ·³½³ýÇϳóÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÁ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë Ø»ÕñÇáõÙ ¨ ø³ç³ñ³ÝáõÙ ¨ ¹ñ³Ýó ѳñ³ÏÇó ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñáõÙ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 94 γÃݳïíáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ
ÆÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óí»É ¿ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ·ÉËáõÙ ãÝ³Û³Í êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ Ëáßáñ »Õç»ñ³íáñ ³Ý³ëáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí ³ñï³¹ñí³Í ϳÃÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï ¿: ²ÛëÇåÇëÇ Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý å³ï׳éÝ ³ÛÝ ¿, áñ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ Ù»Ï ÏáíÇ Ï³ÃݳïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ ûñ»Ï³Ý ÙÇçÇÝÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ Ùáï 5 ÉÇïñ Ï³Ã Ç ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ²ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý ºíñáå³ÛÇ, áñï»Õ ûñ»Ï³Ý ÙÇçÇÝÁ ³ñï³¹ñíáõÙ ¿ 15 ÉÇïñ ϳÃ, ²ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý ºíñáå³ÛÇ ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 20 ÉÇïñÇ ¨ Ö³åáÝdzÛÇ Ùáï 25 ÉÇïñÇ: γÃݳïíáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ýµ³í³ñ³ñ íÇ׳ÏÁ Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ ã¿ ÙdzÛÝ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½ÇÝ, ³ÛÉ Ñ³Ù³ï³ñ³Í ¿ áÕç г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ:
ÊݹÇñÁ å»ïù ¿ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý »ÝóñÏíÇ é³½Ù³í³ñ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó: 90-³Ï³Ý ÃÃ. ëϽµÝ»ñÇÝ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëݳíáñ»óáõÙÇó Ñ»ïá ݳËÏÇÝ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ µ³Å³Ýí»óÇÝ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ÷áùñ ý»ñٳݻñÇ: Úáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ý»ñÙ³ÛÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñÁ ïÝûñÇÝáõÙ ¿ñ Çñ ³Ý³ëݳå³Ñ³Ï³Ý ïáÑÙÁ ³ÛÝå»ë ÇÝãå»ë ÇÝùÝ ¿ñ ϳñáÕ³ÝáõÙ: ²Û¹ ÇëÏ å³ï׳éáí, Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝÇ ³Ý³ëݳå³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý áñ¨¿ é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ²Ý³ëݳå³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç Ý»ñ·ñ³íí³Í ý»ñÙ»ñÝ»ñÁ ¨ ·ÛáõÕ³óÇÝ»ñÁ Ñëï³Ï å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ ãáõÝ»Ý, û áñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇÝ »Ý ï³ÉÇë ݳ˳å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ` ϳÃÇÝ, ÙëÇÝ, µñ¹ÇÝ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
²é³çÇÝ Ñ³ñóÁ, áñÇÝ å»ïù ¿ ³Ýñ³¹³éÝ³É ³Ûë áÉáñïáõÙ ¹³ ³ÛÝ ¿, áñ ³Ûë ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ å»ïù ¿ ѳë³Ý»ÉÇ ¹³éݳ ý»ñÙ»ñÝ»ñÇÝ áõ ·ÛáõÕ³óÇÝ»ñÇÝ ¨ Ýñ³Ýó å»ïù ¿ ͳÝáóóÝ»É Ï»Ý¹³ÝÇÝ»ñÇ ³Ù»Ý³³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï, áñáÝù ѳñÙ³ñ »Ý ³Ûë ϳ٠³ÛÝ Ýå³ï³ÏÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²Ûë ³Ù»ÝÇÝ ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï å»ïù ¿ áõÕ»ÏóÇ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ³Û¹ Ãíáõ٠ݳ¨ í׳ñáíÇ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ù³ïáõó»Éáõ å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñáÝóÇó ¿ ûñÇÝ³Ï ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý µáõÍáõÙÁ, Ýáñ ³í»ÉÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ïáÑÙ»ñÇ µáõÍáõÙÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
ÈáÉÇÏÇ ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÇ ÷á˳ñÇÝÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ ѳٳÝÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóó ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É ¿ USDA ÏáÕÙÇó ²ñ³ñ³ïÇ ¨ ²ñÙ³íÇñÇ Ù³ñ½»ñáõÙ: ²Û¹ Ù³ñ½»ñáõÙ å³Ñ³ÍáÝÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³×ÇÝ ½áõ·³Ñ»é ·ÛáõÕ³óÇÝ»ñÁ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝ»ÇÝ µ³í³ñ³ñ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ µ»ñù Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñ»É å³Ñ³ÍáÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, USDA ÏáÕÙÇó ïñ³Ù³¹ñí³Í ËáñÑñ¹³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñí³Í ë»ñÙ»ñÇ ßÝáñÑÇí Ýñ³Ýù ÷á˳ñÇÝ»óÇÝ ë»ñÙ»ñÇ ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÁ, áñÁ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ½·³ÉÇ ³×Ç Ñ³Ý·»óñ»ó:
¶áñÍÁÝóóÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ã³ÝÏ ¿ ¨ å»ïù ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíÇ ÐÐ ¶ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ` ûñÇÝ³Ï USDA, ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ: Ü³Ë å»ïù ¿ áõëáõÙݳëÇñí»Ý ï»Õ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÝ áõ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÁ` å³ñ½»Éáõ ѳٳñ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ý»ñÙ»ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³Ù»Ý³³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 95 ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÁ ¨ ³Ý³ëáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³Ù»Ý³³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÁ: гçáñ¹ ÷áõÉáõÙ, Ù³ñ½Á å»ïù ¿ áõݻݳ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ, ÇÝãå»ë ûñÇÝ³Ï É³µáñ³ïáñdzݻñ, ³Ý³ëݳµáõÅ³Ï³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñ ¨ áñ ³í»ÉÇ Ï³ñ¨áñ ¿ Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ ÝÙ³Ý Ý³Ë³Ó»éÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ:
âÝ³Û³Í ³Ûë áÉáñïáõÙ Éñ³óáõóÇã ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É Ñ³ïáõÏ ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ Ï³ñÍáõÙ ¿, áñ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ Ý»ñϳÛÇë ϳÃݳïíáõÃÛ³Ý ÏñÏݳå³ïÏáõÙÁ Éáõñç ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ Ïáõݻݳ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý »Ï³ÙáõïÇ ¨ Ù³ñ½Ç ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³:
²Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÙ
êÛáõÝÇùÁ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ³ÛÝ Ñ³½í³·Ûáõï í³Ûñ»ñÇó ¿, áñï»Õ ¹»é¨ë å³Ñå³Ýí»É »Ý ³Ýï³é³ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ: êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ Ï»Ýë³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý, ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³Û³ñÇ, ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ¨ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ¹»ñÝ Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ ¿ áã ÙdzÛÝ êÛáõÝÇùÝ áõ г۳ëï³ÝÁ, ³ÛÉ Ý³¨ Æñ³ÝÇ ¨ ²¹ñµ»ç³ÝÇ áñáß³ÏÇ Ñ³ñ¨³Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ:
Êáë»Éáí ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ¹»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ Ñ³ñóÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ áã ÙdzÛÝ ÷³Ûï³Ùß³ÏÙ³ÝÁ` ³ÛÉ Ù³ñ¹áõ ÏáÕÙÇó Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáÕ ³ÛÉ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ûñÇÝ³Ï µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ñÏ»ñáõÙ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ, ¹»Õ³µáõÛë»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
²Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý ¨ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ é³½Ù³í³ñ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·Çñ Ù߳ϻÝ, áñÁ å»ïù ¿ ëÏëíÇ ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ ·áõÛù³·ñٳٵ: êÛáõÝÇùÇ ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ í»ñçÇÝ ·áõÛù³·ñáõÙÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É ¿ 1989Ã.-ÇÝ: ²Û¹ ųٳݳϳݻñÇó Ç í»ñ ³Ýï³éÝ»ñáõÙ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É Ù³ñ¹áõ ÏáÕÙÇó: ì»ñçÇÝ 15 ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñáí Ù³ëë³Û³Ï³Ý ͳé³Ñ³ïáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ñµ¨¿ ãÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïí»É: ¶áõÛù³·ñÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ Ñݳñ³íáñ ÏÉÇÝÇ å³ñ½»É ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñϳ ÷³ëï³óÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ýÉáñ³ÛÇ ¨ ý³áõݳÛÇ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ:
²Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ ·áõÛù³·ñáõÙÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ µ³ñ¹ ¨ óÝϳñÅ»ù ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ¿, áñÁ ï³ñµ»ñ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ, µ³ñÓñ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñ ¨ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ ¿ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ: ²ÏÝѳÛïáñ»Ý, êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÁ ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ ýÇݳÝë³íáñ»É ÇÝãå»ë ϳñ׳ųÙÏ»ï ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ÙÇçݳųÙÏ»ï ݳ˳ӻéÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ²Û¹ ÇëÏ å³ï׳éáí, سñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÁ å»ïù ¿ ݳ˳å³ïñ³ëïÇ Íñ³·ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ³é³ç³ñÏ ¨ ï³ñ³ÍÇ ³ÛÝ ï³ñµ»ñ ¹áÝáñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ Ý»ñ³éÛ³É UNDP, GEF, гٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ´³ÝÏ, UNESCO ¨ ³ÛÉÝ: ²Ûë ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»ÉÇë سñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÁ å»ïù ¿ Çñ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ѳٳϳñ·Ç ÐÐ ´Ý³å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 96 ¶áõÛù³·ñÙ³ÝÁ å»ïù ¿ ѳçáñ¹Ç Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ ¨ ѳٳå³ñ÷³Ï ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Íñ³·ÇñÁ, áñï»Õ å»ïù ¿ ѳïϳÝßíÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ.
Ö àñï»Õ ¨ ÇÝãåÇëÇ ³ñ·»É³ÝáóÝ»ñ, ³ñ·»É³í³Ûñ»ñ ¨ ïÝϳñ³ÝÝ»ñ å»ïù ¿ ëï»ÕÍí»Ý Ö Úáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ·áïáõÙ ÃáõÛɳïñíáÕ Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ Ýϳñ³·ÇñÁ (ûñ. ³ñ·»É³ÝáóÝ»ñ, ³ñ·»É³í³Ûñ»ñ, ïÝϳñ³ÝÝ»ñ, µáõý»ñ³ÛÇÝ ·áïÇÝ»ñ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) Ö üÉáñ³ÛÇ ¨ ý³áõݳÛÇ áñ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇÝ å»ïù ¿ ѳïáõÏ Ùß³Ïí³Í Ùáï»óáõÙ óáõó³µ»ñíÇ Ö Ð³ïáõÏ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ í»ñ³óáÕ Ï»Ý¹³ÝÇÝ»ñÇ ¨/ϳ٠µáõÛë»ñÇ ÷ñÏ»Éáõ ѳٳñ Ö ÆÝãåÇëÇ ÷³Ûï³ÝÛáõÃ, áñ ï³ñ³ÍùÇó, »ñµ ¨ ÇÝãåÇëÇ ù³Ý³Ïáí ϳñáÕ ¿ ѳïí»É Ö ²Ý³ëáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñáï³í³Ûñ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ³ÉåÛ³Ý ·áïÇÝ»ñÁ ¨ ³ñ³Í»Éáõ ųÙÏ»ïÝ»ñÁ:
¶áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Íñ³·ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙÇó Ñ»ïá ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ¨ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ µ³í³ñ³ñ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»Ý Íñ³·ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: üÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ³å³Ñáí»Ý Íñ³·ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ, áñáÝù »Ý.
³) ²Ýï³é³å³ÑÝ»ñÇ í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ µ) ê³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñ ¨ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñ ·) ê³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý ¨ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ å³Ñ³ÝçíáÕ ÝÛáõûñ ¹) ²ÛÉ ÝÛáõûñ, áñáÝù å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ »Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ÇÝãå»ë ѳïϳÝßí³Í ¿ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Íñ³·ñáõÙ
ú¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³ÝÇ í»ñ³µ³óáõÙ
ܳËÏÇÇÝáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ »ñ»ù û¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³ÝÝ»ñ »Ý ·áñÍ»É, áñáÝù ï»Õ³Ï³Ûí³Í »Ý »Õ»É γå³ÝáõÙ, ¶áñÇëáõÙ ¨ êÇëdzÝáõÙ: ú¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³ÝÝ»ñÁ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý áõÝ»ó»É ëå³ë³ñÏ»É áõÕÕ³ÃÇéÝ»ñ, ÷áùñ û¹³Ý³í»ñ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í û¹³Ý³í»ñ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ Ú²Î – 40-Á, áñÁ ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í ¿ 42 áõÕ¨áñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
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êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 97 Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝáõÙ ëÏë»ó ϳñ·³íáñí»É: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, û¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³ÝÝ»ñÇó áã Ù»ÏÁ ãí»ñ³µ³óí»ó:
âÝ³Û³Í û¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³ÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ³óÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý áñáßáõÙÁ å»ïù ¿ ϳ۳óíÇ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ ï»ËÝÇϳϳÝ, ßáõϳÛÇ ¨ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý Ï»ÝëáõݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ñ»ïá, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí γå³ÝÇ û¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³ÝÇ í»ñ³µ³óÙ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ÑÇÙݳѳñó»ñ ϳÝ.
Ö ØÇÝã¹»é ºñ¨³Ý-¶áñÇë Ù³ÛñáõÕÇÝ êÇëdzÝÇ ÙÇçáí ³ÝóÝáõÙ ¿ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ñ³ñà ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñáí ¨ ׳ݳå³ñÑáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ ï¨áõÙ ¿ Ùáï 2.5-3.5 ųÙ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ¶áñÇëÇó γå³Ý ï³ÝáÕ 60Ï٠׳ݳå³ñÑÝ ³ÝóÝáõÙ ¿ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ßñç³¹³ñÓ»ñáí É»éݳÛÇÝ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñáí ¨ ï¨áõÙ ¿ Ùáï Ù»Ï áõ Ï»ë ųÙ: ²í»ÉÇÝ, ÓÙé³Ý ³ÙÇëÝ»ñÇÝ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÁ »ñµ»ÙÝ ÷³ÏíáõÙ ¿ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñáí: Ö Î³å³ÝáõÙ ·ïÝíáÕ Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ í³ñã³Ï³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝÁ, áñÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ¿ ·ïÝíáõÙ ºñ¨³ÝÇó, Éñ³óáõóÇã ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñ ¿ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñ³ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ï»ÝïñáÝÇ Ñ»ï ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݳµ³ñ ѳÕáñ¹³Ïóí»Éáõ ³éáõÙáí: Ð³×³Ë ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ áñ¨¿ ϳñ× Ñ³Ý¹ÇåÙ³Ý Ù³ëݳÏó»Éáõ ѳٳñ Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ »ñ»ù ûñ µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÙ »Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É ×³Ý³å³ñÑÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ³ÝóϳóíáÕ »ñÏáõ ûñÁ: Ö Î³å³ÝÁ å³ïñ³ëïíáõÙ ¿ Ëáßáñ ³ñï»ñÏñÛ³ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñ ëï³Ý³É ¼äØÎ Ù³ëݳíáñ»óÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí: ܳËù³Ý Ù³ëݳíáñ»óáõÙÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ÷áõÉ»ñáõÙ Ñݳñ³íáñ ѳÛï³ïáõÝ»ñÁ ¨ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÁ å»ïù ¿ ³Ûó»É»Ý ÏáÙµÇÝ³ï ¨ ѳñÛáõñ³íáñ ï³ñµ»ñ Ù³ëݳ·»ïÝ»ñÇ å»ïù ¿ áõÕ³ñÏ»Ý Ï³ñ׳ųÙÏ»ï ¨ »ñϳñ³ï¨ ³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: γå³ÝÇ û¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³ÝÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ û·áõï ù³Õ»É áõÕ¨áñÝ»ñÇ ³ÏÝϳÉíáÕ Ù»Í ÑáëùÇó, »Ã» ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ å³ïñ³ëï íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ÉÇÝÇ: Ö ì»ñç³å»ë, û¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³ÝÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ÛÉ ïñ³Ýëåáñï³ÛÇÝ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ Ïï³ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ é³½Ù³í³ñ³Ï³Ý Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ Ù³ñ½ÇÝ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí ¶áñÇë-γå³Ý Ù³ÛñáõÕáõ ³ß˳ñѳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ¹ÇñùÁ ¨ î³Ã¨-γå³Ý ³íïá׳ݳå³ñÑÇ ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý íÇ׳ÏÁ:
ú¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³ÝÇ í»ñ³µ³óÙ³Ý Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý ÷áõÉáõÙ ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÝ ³é³ç³ñÏáõÙ ¿ ï»ËÝÇϳå»ë ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É ³éϳ íÇ׳ÏÁ` Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»Éáí ËáñÁ ï»ËÝÇϳϳÝ, ߳ѳ·áñÍÙ³Ý, ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåã³Ï³Ý, ßáõϳ۳í³ñÙ³Ý ¨ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý Ï»ÝëáõݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 98 ²éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç µ³ñ»É³íáõÙ
Ðáõë³ÉÇ, µ³ñÓñáñ³Ï ¨ Ù³ïã»ÉÇ ³éáÕç³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù³ñ½áõ٠ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ý³Ë³¹ñÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó ¿: سñ½Ç ³éáÕç³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·Ç ³é³ç³ñÏíáÕ µ³ñ»É³íáõÙÝ»ñÁ ³Ù÷á÷í³Í »Ý ëïáñ¨.
1. ÜÛáõóï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý µ³½³ÛÇ í»ñ³½ÇÝáõÙ
´áõÅ. ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ ³éϳ µáõÅ. ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ·»ñ³ÏßÇé Ù³ëÁ µ³ñáÛ³å»ë ¨ ýǽÇϳå»ë Ù³ßí³Í »Ý ¨ ÉdzñÅ»ù û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ åÇï³ÝÇ ã»Ý: гßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí µáõÅë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ µ³ñÓñ ·Ý»ñÁ, Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë µáõÅ. ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝ»Ý ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ ³é³ÝÓݳóÝ»É Çñ»Ýó ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñ ¨ ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñ Ó»éù µ»ñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ:
²Ü ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³å»ñÇ µ³ÅÝÇ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ù³ñ½Ç áñáß µáõÅ. ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³å ëï»ÕÍ»Éáõ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ³ÏÝϳÉíáõÙ ¿ µáõÅ.·áñÍÇù³ÛÇÝ ³å³Ñáí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¿³Ï³Ý µ³ñ»É³íáõÙ:
سñ½Ç 6 ßï³å û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Û³ÝÝ»ñáõ٠ϳ 18 ë³ÝÇï³ñ³Ï³Ý ³íïáïñ³Ýëåáñï, áñÇó 9-Á ѻﳷ³ ߳ѳ·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ åÇï³ÝÇ ã»Ý, ϳ٠·ïÝíáõÙ »Ý ³Ýë³ñù íÇ׳ÏáõÙ /í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙÁ ïÝï»ë³å»ë Ó»éÝïáõ ã¿/: ´³ó³Ï³ÛáõÙ »Ý ß³ñÅ³Ï³Ý Ï³Û³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ݳ˳ï»ëíáÕ ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñ, ϳåÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ:
2. ´áõÅ.ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý í»ñ³Ýáñá·Ù³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ
ºñϳñ ï³ñÇÝ»ñ µáõÅѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ëïáñ³µ³Å³ÝáõÙÝ»ñáõÙ ã»Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý í»ñ³Ýáñá·Ù³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ, áñÇ å³ï׳éáí ïÇñáõÙ ¿ ³ÝÙËÇóñ, ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ¹»åù»ñáõÙ íóñ³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳Ï: â»Ý í»ñ³Ýáñá·í»É Ý»ñùÇÝ çñ³·Í»ñÁ, ÏáÛáõÕáõ Ý»ñùÇÝ ó³Ýó»ñÁ:
3. гßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí Ù³ñ½Ç ³ß˳ñѳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ¹ÇñùÁ, Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù³Ûñ³ù³Õ³ùÇó, µÝ³Ï³í³Ûñ»ñÇ ë÷éí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ï³ñµ»ñ³Ïí³Í Ùáï»óáõÙ óáõó³µ»ñ»É ¨ µáõÅ. ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý µ³½³ÛÇÝ Í³í³ÉÝ»ñÁ Çݹ»ùë³íáñ»É, ³ÛÝ ³í»É³óÝ»Éáí 10-20 ïáÏáëÇ ã³÷áí:
²éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýå³ï³Ï áõÝÇ ³éϳ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ áõ Ý»ñáõÅÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ³é³í»É³·áõÛÝë Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É ù³Õ³ù³óÇÝ»ñÇ ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ñå³ÝáõÙÁ, µ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó »ñ³ß˳íáñí³Í ³Ýí׳ñ µáõÅû·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ³é³ç³¹»Ù µÅßÏ³Ï³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ áõ ÏÇñ³éáõÙÁ, ѳٳϳñ·Ç ϳéáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ ¨ ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É µ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ:
ܳ˳ï»ëíáõÙ ¿ Ù³ñ½Ç ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ áõÝ»Ý³É ³éáÕç³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý ÙdzëÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·, áñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï Ïû·ï³·áñÍí»Ý ³éϳ ѽáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ áõ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý Ï³¹ñ»ñÁ, ѳٳϳñ·Ç ѽáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ,
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 99 ͳí³ÉÝ»ñÁ ¨ Ý»ñáõÅÁ Ïѳٳå³ï³ë˳ÝÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏÇÝ: Îí»ñ³Ï³Ý·íÇ Ï³åÁ ¨ ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ûÕ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨, ϳå³ÑáíÇ µáõÅû·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïáõóÙ³Ý Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ áñ³ÏÁ:
ÎÙdzÓáõÉí»Ý ÙǨÝáõÛÝ ·áñͳéáõÛÃÝ»ñ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝáÕ ëïáñ³µ³Å³ÝáõÙÝ»ñÁ` í³ñã³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý, ³ËïáñáßÇã, ɳµáñ³ïáñ, ýǽÇáûñ³å¨ïÇÏ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ: ÎÏñ׳ïí»Ý ãÑÇÙݳíáñí³Í ¨ ûñµ»éÝí³Í ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: Ðݳñ³íáñ ÏÉÇÝÇ Ñ³Ù³¹ñ»É áõ ³í»ÉÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï û·ï³·áñÍ»É Ï³¹ñ³ÛÇÝ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý Ý»ñáõÅÁ, µÅßϳϳÝ, ³ËïáñáßÇã ¨ ɳµáñ³ïáñ ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÁ:¼·³ÉÇáñ»Ý ÏÏñ׳ïí»Ý í³ñã³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ͳËë»ñÁ ¨ ³½³ïí³Í ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ ÏÝ»ñáõÕí»Ý ¹»Õáñ³Ûù³ÛÇÝ ¨ µáõÅ.·áñÍÇù³ÛÇÝ Ñ³·»óí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³ÝÁ:
²Ùµáõɳïáñ-åáÉÇÏÉÇÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ûÕ³ÏÇ ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ ѳٳñí»Éáõ ¿ ϳñ¨áñ³·áõÛÝ ·»ñ³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ: ²ÛÝ Ýå³ï³Ï ¿ áõݻݳÉáõ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ùáï»óÝ»É ¨ Ù³ïã»ÉÇ ¹³ñÓÝ»É µáõÅû·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³çݳÛÇÝ ûÕ³ÏÁ, µ³ñ»É³í»É ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ý˳ñ·»ÉáõÙÁ, í³Õ ³ËïáñáßáõÙÁ ¨ ³é³çݳÛÇÝ µáõÅ.û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ µáõÅáõÙÁ:
´³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñÝ áõÕÕí»Éáõ »Ý ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý µÅßÏáõÃÛ³Ý ` áñå»ë ϳéáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ ³é³í»É ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ¨ Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ Ùá¹»ÉÇ Ý»ñ¹ñÙ³ÝÁ, áñÁ ÃáõÛÉ Ïï³ µ³í³ñ³ñ»Éáõ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý µÅßϳ-ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ` û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï ù³Ý³Ïáí å³ñ½, Ù³ïã»ÉÇ ¨ ¿Å³Ý µÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñ, ß»ßïÁ ¹Ý»Éáí ϳÝ˳ñ·»ÉÇã ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÇ íñ³:
سñ½áõÙ ·áñÍáõÙ »Ý 18 ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý µÅßÏÇ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñ, áñï»Õ ³ß˳ïáõÙ »Ý 20 ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý µÅÇßÏÝ»ñ: ²éϳ ³½·³µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ áõÝ»Ý³É 90-100 í»ñ³å³ïñ³ëïí³Í ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý µÅÇßÏ ¨ Ùáï 200 ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý µáõÅùáõÛñ»ñ: ø³ÝÇ áñ, áñå»ë ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý µÅÇßÏ å»ïù ¿ í»ñ³å³ïñ³ëïí»Ý ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ³ß˳ïáÕ Ù³ÝϳµáõÛÅÝ»ñÁ ¨ ûñ³å¨ïÝ»ñÁ, Ýñ³Ýó áõëáõóáõÙÁ Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É Ù³ñ½áõÙ` ëï»ÕÍ»Éáí ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý µÅßÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÏÉÇÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý áõëáõóÙ³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ:
ÀÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý µÅßÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñ¹ñÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÇ ³ÏïÇí³óÙ³ÝÁ ½áõ·ÁÝóó, Íñ³·ñíáõÙ ¿ Ýáñ ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý µÅÇßÏÝ»ñÇ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝáõÙ, ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ݻóáõÙ ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý µÅßÏÇ ·ñ³ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ:
ÐÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó³ÛÇÝ µáõÅû·ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³é³í»É ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï áõ ÉdzñÅ»ù ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É ÑÇí³Ý¹³ÝáóÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñùÇÝ ûåïÇٳɳóÙ³Ý ¨ ûñµ»éÝí³Í ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÇÝï»·ñÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñÁ: ²å³Ñáí»É ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù³ñ½Ç ³é³ÝÓÇÝ µáõÅѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨, µ³ñÓñ³óÝ»Éáí Ù³ñ½Ç ·É˳íáñ Ù³ëݳ·»ïÝ»ñÇ å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
гßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí ³éϳ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ϳ¹ñ³ÛÇÝ Ý»ñáõÅÁ ¨ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ` Ù³ñ½Ç ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ÑÇÙÝ»É Ù³ëݳ·Çï³óí³Í Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñ:
ÊÃ³Ý»É ³ËïáñáßÇã ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ, ³å³Ñáí»Éáí µáõÅ.³ß˳ïáÕÝ»ñÇ áñ³Ï³íáñÙ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý, Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý å³ïñ³ëïí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óÙ³Ý ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ:
´³ñÓáñ³Ï ϳ¹ñ»ñáí Ù³ñ½Ç µáõÅ.ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ³å³Ñáí»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí Ù³ñ½ áõÕ»·ñí³Í µáõÅ.³ß˳ïáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ëï»ÕÍ»É å³ïß³× Ï»Ýó³Õ³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ, ë³ÑÙ³Ý»É áñß³ÏÇ ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 100 ä³ñµ»ñ³µ³ñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É §´³ó ¹éÝ»ñÇ ûñ»ñ¦ ¨ ßñçÇÏ µÅßÏ³Ï³Ý µñÇ·³¹³Ý»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ³Ûó»ñ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñ:
Æñ³·áñÍ»É ÒƲÐ/ØƲì-Ç ¨ ïáõµ»ñÏáõÉÛá½Ç ¹»Ù ²½·³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñÇó µËáÕ Ñ³Ù³ÉÇñ ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÁ:
´Ý³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇ·Ç»ÝÇÏ ¨ ѳϳѳٳ׳ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý ³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ áõŻճóÝ»É ÑÇ·Ç»ÝÇÏ ¨ ѳϳѳٳ׳ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ, µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ñå³ÝÙ³ÝÝ áõÕÕí³Í ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ, ÇÝý»ÏóÇáÝ áõ ½³Ý·í³Í³ÛÇÝ áã ÇÝý»ÏóÇáÝ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ý˳ñ·»ÉáõÙÁ:
Ò»éݳñÏ»É ù³ÛÉ»ñ ³éáÕç³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý-ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·Ç Ý»ñ¹ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñÁ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ Ïï³ í»ñÉáõÍ»É ÇÝãå»ë µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ³éáÕç³Ï³Ý íÇ׳ÏÁ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É ³é³ÝÓÇÝ µáõÅ.ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý û·ï³í»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
гٳӳÛÝ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ûåïÇٳɳóÙ³Ý Íñ³·ñÇ ÙdzÓáõÉÙ³Ý Ó¨áí Ïí»ñ³Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåí»Ý Ø»ÕñÇÇ ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³ÝáõÙ`§Ø»ÕñÇÇ ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó¦ ¨ §Ø»ÕñÇÇ åáÉÇÏÉÇÝÇϳ¦ ö´À-Ý»ñÁ, ø³ç³ñ³Ý ù³Õ³ùáõÙ §ø³ç³ñ³ÝÇ ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó¦, §ø³ç³ñ³ÝÇ åáÉÇÏÉÇÝÇϳ¦ ¨ §ø³ç³ñ³ÝÇ ëïáÙ³ïáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý åáÉÇÏÉÇÝÇϳ¦ ö´À –Ý»ñÁ ëï»ÕÍ»Éáí Ù»Ï Çñ³í³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓÇ Ï³ñ·³íÇ׳Ïáí µÅßÏ³Ï³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñ:
§Î³å³ÝÇ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ åáÉÇÏÉÇÝÇϳ¦ ö´À-áõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É í»ñ³Ýáñá·Ù³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý µÅßÏÇ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ ëï»ÕÍ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: ²ëïÇ׳ݳµ³ñ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É åáÉÇÏÉÇÝÇϳÛÇ ¨ ëï³óÇáݳñÇ Ý»Õ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ¨ ɳµáñ³ïáñ-³ËïáñáßÇã ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙdzÓáõÉáõÙÁ:
§Î³å³ÝÇ ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó¦ ö´À-áõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É Ý»ñùÇÝ ûåïÇٳɳóÙ³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ: ì»ñ³Ï»Ý¹³Ý³óÙ³Ý ¨ ³ÝÑ»ï³Ó·»ÉÇ µáõÅ.û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý µ³Å³ÝÙáõÝùÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ù³ëݳ߻ÝùÇ í»ñ³Ï³éáõóáõÙ: ÐÇÙÝ»É Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ áõñáÉá·Ç³ÛÇ ¨ Ý»ýñáÉá·Ç³ÛÇ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³óí³Í Ï»ÝïñáÝ, Ù³Ùá·ñ³ýÇÏ Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, åñ»Ý³ï³É ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñ:
§¶áñÇëÇ ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ åáÉÇÏÉÇÝÇϳ¦ ö´À–áõ٠ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý í»ñ³Ýáñá·Ù³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»Éáõó Ñ»ïá ÑÇÙÝ»É ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý µÅßÏÇ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñ, ³ëïÇ׳ݳµ³ñ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É åáÉÇÏÉÇÝÇϳÛÇ ¨ ëï³óÇáݳñÇ Ý»Õ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ¨ ɳµáñ³ïáñ-³ËïáñáßÇã ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙdzÓáõÉáõÙÁ:
§¶áñÇëÇ ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó¦ ö´À –áõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É Ý»ñùÇÝ ûåïÇٳɳóÙ³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ, ëï»ÕÍ»É í»ñ³Ï»Ý¹³Ý³óÙ³Ý ¨ ³ÝÑ»ï³Ó·»ÉÇ µáõÅ.û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý µ³Å³ÝÙáõÝù, ÑÇÙÝ»É ¿Ý¹áëÏáåÇÏ íÇñ³µáõÅáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ûýóÉÙáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñ:
êÇëÇ³Ý ù³Õ³ùáõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É åáÉÇÏÉÇÝÇϳÛÇ ¨ ëï³óÇáݳñÇ Ý»Õ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ¨ ɳµáñ³ïáñ-³ËïáñáßÇã ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙdzÓáõÉáõÙÁ: ÐÇÙÝ»É Ýáñ ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý µÅßÏÇ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 101 §êÇëdzÝÇ ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó¦ ö´À-áõÙ ëï»ÕÍ»É í»ñ³Ï»Ý¹³Ý³óÙ³Ý ¨ ³ÝÑ»ï³Ó·»ÉÇ µáõÅ.û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý µ³Å³ÝÙáõÝù, Ùáñ ¨ Ù³ÝÏ³Ý ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ:
¶ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ëÝݳñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ
Àëï ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÇ ÏáÕÙÇó Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí³Í áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý 2003Ã.-ÇÝ êÛáõÝÇùÇ µáÉáñ ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñáõÙ ³ñï³¹ñí»É ¿ 2,638.8 ïáÝݳ ÙÇë, áñÁ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ Ù»Ï ßÝãÇ Ñ³ßíáí ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý 19.7 Ï· ϳ٠³Ùë³Ï³Ý 1.6 Ï· ÙÇë: Æñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ ³Ûë óáõó³ÝÇßÁ µ³í³ñ³ñ 㿠ɳÛݳͳí³É ÙëÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÑÇÙÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ` ÑáõÛëÁ ¹Ý»Éáí ÙdzÛÝ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÙ³Ý íñ³: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ù³ÝÇ áñ Ù³ñ½áõÙ Ùë³ÙûñùÝ»ñÇ ëå³éÙ³Ý áñáß³ÏÇ Í³í³É ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ (»ñßÇÏ»Õ»Ý ¨ ³ÛÉÝ), ³å³ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ öØÒ-»ñ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù ͳí³É»É Ù³ñ½áõÙ` ÃÇñ³Ë»Éáí Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ ßáõÏ³Ý ¨ áõݻݳÉáí ÷áùñ³Í³í³É ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ å³Ñ³ÝçíáÕ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñ: ì»ñçÇÝÝ»ñë å»ïù ¿ ³ß˳ï»Ý ÇÝãå»ë ï»Õ³Ï³Ý, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É Ý»ñÙáõÍí³Í Ùë³ÙûñùÝ»ñáí
êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í ¿ ϳÃÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 37,000 ïáÝݳ, ÇëÏ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý Ù»Ï ßÝãÇ Ñ³ßíáí ѳëÝáõÙ ¿ 276 ÉÇïñ: êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³éϳ ϳÃÇ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³é³çÇÝ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿, áñ Ýå³ëïáõÙ ¿ å³ÝñÇ ½³ñ·³ó³Í ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë êÇëdzÝáõÙ: ÐÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ëå³éáÕ³Ï³Ý ßáõϳÛÇó` ºñ¨³ÝÇó Ù»Í Ñ»é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ·ïÝí»Éáõ å³ï׳éáí êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ï³Ã í»ñ³Ùß³ÏáÕÝ»ñÁ ½µ³ÕíáõÙ »Ý ÙdzÛÝ å³ÝñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ù³ÝÇ áñ Ùݳó³Í ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý Å³ÙÏ»ïÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ï³ñ× ¿ ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ Çñ³óáõ٠ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»Éáõ ѳٳñ: γÃÇ áñ³ÏÇó µ³óÇ, ѳçáñ¹ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÝÁ ³Ûë áÉáñïáõÙ å³ïñ³ëïÇ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ áñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ѳïϳÝÇßÝ»ñÝ »Ý: سëݳíáñ³å»ë êÇëdzÝáõÙ ³ñï³¹ñí³Í å³ÝÇñÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ µ³ñÓñ áñ³Ï áõ ѳٵ³í áõÝÇ: ØÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó áÉáñïÁ ¹»é¨ë ³×»Éáõ Ù»Í Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõÝÇ: Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë Ù»Ï ÏáíÁ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ï³ÉÇë ¿ Ùáï 1,600 ÉÇïñ ϳ٠ûñ³Ï³Ý 5 ÉÇïñ ϳÃ: ê³ ã³÷³½³Ýó ó³Íñ óáõó³ÝÇß ¿, áñÁ Ùßï³Ï³Ý ËáãÁݹáï ¿ ѳٳñí»Éáõ êÛáõÝÇùáõ٠ϳÃݳÙûñùÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë, ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ µ³ñÓñ ٳϳñ¹³ÏÇ »Ý ѳë»É` Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ï³Éáí ٻͳóÝ»É ³ñï³¹ñáճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ µÝ³Ï³Ý ٻ˳ÝǽÙÝ»ñáí: سëݳíáñ³å»ë, ÐРϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ Ç ¹»Ùë ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ سñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÁ, û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ý³Ë³Ó»éÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ûñÇÝ³Ï USDA å»ïù ¿ ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³éÝ»Ý ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý µáõÍÙ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ ¨ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ³Ý³ëݳå³Ñ³Ï³Ý ïáÑÙ»ñÁ ³ëïÇ׳ݳµ³ñ ÷áË»Éáõ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ²éϳ ï»ë³ÏÁ, ³ÛÝ ¿` ß³·³Ý³Ï³·áõÛÝ ÎáíϳëÛ³ÝÁ, ãÝ³Û³Í áñ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ÁÝï»É³ó³Í ¿ êÛáõÝÇùÇ É»éݳÛÇÝ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÇÝ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ß³ï ùÇã ³ñï³¹ñáճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ: ¸ñ³ ÷á˳ñ»Ý, ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ѳïáõÏ áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É ¨ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É Ýáñ ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÇ (ûñÇÝ³Ï ÐáÉßûÛÝ) Ý»ñÙáõÍÙ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ì»ñçÇÝÝ»ñë ³ñáïÇ Ñ³ÝíáÕ ïáÑÙ ã»Ý, ³ÛÉ å»ïù ¿
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 102 Ùßï³Ï³Ý ï»Õ áõÝ»Ý³Ý ·áÙáõÙ ¨ ųٳݳÏÇÝ Ï»ñ ëï³Ý³Ý` ³å³Ñáí»Éáí ½·³ÉÇ ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í ³ñï³¹ñáճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³ñï³¹ñí³Í 115.8 ïáÝݳ µñ¹Ç ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ µ³í³ñ³ñ ã¿ µñ¹Ç í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ÑÇÙÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, å»ïù ¿ Ç ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ, áñ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ Ù³Ýñ »Õç»ñ³íáñ ³Ý³ëáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ³Ý·³Ù Ýí³½»É »Ý 80-³Ï³Ý ÃÃ. ѳٻٳïáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ²Û¹ ÇëÏ å³ï׳éáí áã˳ñ³µáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõ٠ϳ×Ç Ý³¨ µñ¹Ç ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, »ñϳñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï ѳïí³ÍáõÙ, ³ÛÝ ¿` 10 ¨ ³í»ÉÇ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ ³Ûë ÑáõÙùÁ ÝáõÛÝå»ë ϳñáÕ ¿ û·ï³·áñÍí»É ¨ Ùß³Ïí»É Ù³ñ½áõÙ:
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2003Ã.-ÇÝ ÙdzÛÝ êÇëdzÝáõÙ, Ùáï 5,880 ÷»Ã³ÏÝ»ñ ³ñï³¹ñ»É »Ý 88.2 ïáÝݳ Ù»Õñ ÁݹѳÝáõñ 350,000 ²ØÜ ¹áɳñ ³ñÅáÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ: âÝ³Û³Í áÉáñïáõÙ ³éϳ é³½Ù³í³ñ³Ï³Ý ѽáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ, ³ÛÝ ¿` Ù»Õí³µáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Å³é³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÏÉÇÙ³Û³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, µáõÛë»ñÇ ¨ ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí Ï³Ý Ý³¨ ÙÇ ß³ñù ¿³Ï³Ý ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ѳÏÇñ× Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ëïáñ¨: ÞáõÏ³Ý ¨ ßáõϳÛÇÝ ³éÝãíáÕ ³ÛÉ ³ëå»ÏïÝ»ñÁ ¨ ³åñ³ÝùÇ ßáõϳ۳í³ñáõÙÁ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÝ »Ý: ÆÝãå»ë ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ ³ÛÅÙ ÝáõÛÝå»ë Ù»Õí³µáõÍáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ½µ³ÕíáõÙ »Ý ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÁ: Ø»Õí³å³ÝÝ»ñÁ ãáõÝ»Ý É³í ÑÇÙݳíáñ Çñ³óÙ³Ý ó³Ýó»ñ ¨ Çñ³óáõÙÁ
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 103 ϳï³ñíáõÙ ¿ å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ëå³éáÕÝ»ñÇÝ: Î³Ý ÙÇ áñáß ³Ýí³ÝÇ Ù»Õí³å³ÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝó Ù»ÕñÝ ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë ëå³éíáõÙ ¿, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ³ñï³¹ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í Ù³ëÁ ï³ÝçíáõÙ ¿ ·Ýáñ¹Ý»ñ áñáÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: ²í»ÉÇÝ, ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ Ñ³×³Ë í³×³éíáõÙ ¿ ã³÷³½³Ýó ÷áùñ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí` ÏÇÉá·ñ³Ùáí: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿` ³ç³Ïó»É Ù»Õí³å³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Çñ³óÙ³Ý ó³Ýó ëï»ÕÍ»Éáõ ·áñÍáõÙ: ì»ñçÇÝë ϳñáÕ ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É ÏÇñ³é»Éáí §Ý»ñù¨Çó í»ñ¨¦ Ùáï»óáõÙÁ ëï»ÕÍ»Éáí Ù»Õí³å³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³ëáódzódz, áñÁ Ïáõݻݳ Ù³ñù»ÃÇÝ·Ç µ³ÅÇÝ Ï³Ù ÏÇñ³é»Éáí §í»ñ¨Çó Ý»ñù¨¦ Ùáï»óáõÙÁ` ëï»ÕÍ»Éáí Ù³ù»ÃÇÝ·³ÛÇÝ Ï»ÝïñáÝ, áñÇÝ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ Ïóáõó³µ»ñÇ Ø³ñ½å»ï³ñ³ÝÁ: ì»ñçÇÝë ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ÏÁݹáõÝÇ ÑÙáõï Çñ³óÝáÕÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ïáõݻݳ ɳµáñ³ïáñ ³Ý³ÉǽݻñÇ ¨ áñ³ÏÇ ëïáõ·áõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñ:
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êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 105 ù³Ý³ÏÁ ³ÝÑݳñÇÝ »Ý ¹³ñÓÝáõÙ ÓÏÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ áñ¨¿ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
ØÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ Ï³Ý Ý³¨ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ß³ï µÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ áñ ß³ï ϳñ¨áñ ¿ ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý É×»ñ áõ çñ³Ùµ³ñÝ»ñ: êÛáõÝÇùÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý çñ³Ùµ³ñÝ»ñÝ »Ý.
Ö Þ³Ùµ Ö êå³Ý¹³ñÛ³Ý Ö ÂáÉáñë Ö ²Ý·»Õ³ÏáÃ Ö â³Û½³ÙÇ
æñ³Ùµ³ñÝ»ñÁ ϳéáõóí»É »Ý »ñÏáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí. ³å³Ñáí»É ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý çñ³Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙ Ñǹñá¿Ý»ñ·³Ï³Û³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ ¨ áéá·»É Ñ³ñ³ÏÇó ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñÁ: æñ³Ùµ³ñÝ»ñÁ ϳéáõóí»É »Ý ÊáñÑñ¹³ÛÇÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ßñç³ÝáõÙ, ÇëÏ ÓÏݳµáõÍáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ³é³çݳѻñÃáõÃÛáõÝ ãÇ ïñí»É áã ݳ˳·ÍÙ³Ý ÷áõÉáõÙ áã ¿É ·»ï»ñÁ û·ï³·áñÍ»ÉÇë:
²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, 90-³Ï³Ý ÃÃ. ëϽµÝñÇó ³Õù³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³×Á ¨ ëÝݹ³ÙûñùÇ å³Ï³ëÁ ëïÇå»óÇÝ µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ÷áùñ ͳí³Éáí ÓÏÝ»ñ µáõÍ»É ³Û¹ É×»ñáõÙ: Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë ï»Õ³Ï³Ý µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝÁ ß³ñáõݳÏáõÙ ¿ ÓÏÝáñëáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É É×»ñáõÙ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ãÝ³Û³Í Ýñ³Ý, áñ áñáß Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ ÓáõÏ í³×³éáõÙ »Ý ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ßáõϳݻñáõÙ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí ³ÛÝ ¹»é¨ë ÇÝùݳëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý µÝáõÛà ¿ ÏñáõÙ: ì»ñç»ñë, ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ÷áùñ ÷áñÓÝ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñ »Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É â³Û½³ÙÇ É×áõ٠ϳñÙñ³Ë³Ûà ÓÏ³Ý µ³½Ù³óÙ³Ý ³éáõÙáí, áñáÝù µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý áõÝ»ó»É: ²ÏÝѳÛïáñ»Ý Ù³ñ½áõÙ Ï³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ϳñáÕ »Ý ¿³å»ë ٻͳóÝ»É ÓÏ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ݳËù³Ý áñ¨¿ Íñ³·Çñ ëÏë»ÉÁ å»ïù ¿ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Çñ³·áñÍ»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ýó ϳóíÇ` êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³Ù»Ý³³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ÓÏ³Ý ï»ë³Ï»ñÁ, §³×»óÝ»Éáõ Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ¦, ³ÝÓ»éÝÙË»ÉÇ ÙݳÉáõ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÁ, Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñí»ÉÇù ëÝÝ¹Ç µ³Õ³¹ñ³Ù³ë»ñÁ, ÓÏݳµáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý Å³ÙÏ»ïÁ å³ñ½»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí:
êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ óáñ»ÝÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ Ùáï 28,000 ïáÝݳ: ²ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 95% Ï»Ýïñáݳó³Í ¿ êÇëdzÝáõÙ ¨ ¶áñÇëáõÙ: êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ óáñ»ÝÇ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ï³ñ¨áñ ï»Õ ¿ ½µ³Õ»óÝáõÙ ¨ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ »ñÏñáõÙ ³ñï³¹ñíáÕ ÁݹѳÝáõñ 310,000 ïáÝݳÛÇ Ùáï 9%-Á: âÝ³Û³Í Ù³ñ½áõÙ ãÏ³Ý Ù»Í ³Éñ³Õ³óÝ»ñ ÇÝãåÇëÇù Ï³Ý ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ, ÈáéÇáõÙ, ÞÇñ³ÏáõÙ, ¶»Õ³ñùáõÝÇùáõÙ, ²ñ³ñ³ïáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí Ï³Ý ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ÷áùñ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ù³ë»ñ, áñáÝù ½µ³ÕíáõÙ »Ý óáñ»ÝÇ í»ñ³Ùß³Ïٳٵ ¨ ³ÉÛáõñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, γå³ÝáõÙ, áñÁ Ù³ñ½Ç ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í ëå³éáÕ³Ï³Ý ßáõÏ³Ý ¿, ÊáñÑñ¹³ïáõÇ ÏáÕÙÇó Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí³Í áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ óáõÛó ïí»ó, áñ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ѳóÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 106 óáñ»Ý Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙ »Ý ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ²ñÙ³ßÇ ³Éñ³Õ³óÁ, áñÁ ·ïÝíáõÙ ¿ ²ñ³ñ³ïÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ¨ ºñ¨³ÝÇ ³Éñ³Õ³óÁ, áñÁ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ³Ù»Ý³Ëáßáñ ³Éñ³Õ³óÝ ¿: лé³íáñ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý å³ï׳éÁ ³ÉÛáõñÇ áñ³ÏÝ ¿: ºÃ» ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ·ÇÝÁ, ÇÝãåÇëÇÝ ³ÉÛáõñÝ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ·ñ»Ã» ÝáõÛÝÝ ¿, ³å³ áñ³ÏÁ ï³ñµ»ñ ¿: êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³ñï³¹ñí³Í ³ÉÛáõñÁ ³í»ÉÇ ó³Íñ áñ³Ï áõÝÇ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ å³ï׳éáí: êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ öØÒ-»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ߳ѳ·áñÍíáÕ ³í»ÉÇ ÷áùñ ³Éñ³Õ³óÝ»ñÁ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³å»ë ã»Ý ϳñáÕ Ùñó»É Ù»Í ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï, áñáÝó ³Õ³Éáõ, Ù³ùñ»Éáõ ¨ ï»ë³Ï³íáñ»Éáõ ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³í»ÉÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï »Ý ¨ µ³ñÓñ áñ³Ï »Ý ³å³ÑáíáõÙ: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, ÙñóáõÝ³Ï ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ¨ Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ §Ý»ñÙáõÍÙ³ÝÁ ÷á˳ñÇÝ»Éáõ¦ Ýå³ï³Ïáí å»ïù ¿ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³å»ë ³í»ÉÇ ³é³ç³ï³ñ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ Ý»ñ·ñ³í»É, áñáÝù ³å³ÑáíáõÙ »Ý ³åñ³ÝùÇ µ³ñÓñ áñ³ÏÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ³ÛÉ ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝóÇó ¿ ï»ë³Ï³íáñáõÙÁ:
òáñ»ÝÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ ËݹÇñÁ í»ñ³µ»ñíáõÙ ¿ ÏáÙµÇÏ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ëï»ÕÍÙ³ÝÁ: òáñ»ÝÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ, ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³Õ³ó³Í óáñ»ÝÇ Ùáï 70-75%-Á (ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇó ϳËí³Í) ¹³éÝáõÙ ¿ ï³ñµ»ñ ëáñï»ñÇ ³ÉÛáõñ, ÇëÏ Ùݳó³Í 25-30%-Á` û÷: »÷Á ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÏáÙµÇÏ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý µ³Õ³¹ñÇãÝ áõ ÑáõÙùÝ ¿: î»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ¨ áõëáõÙݳëÇñí³Í óáñ»ÝÇ Í³í³ÉÇ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý û÷Ç Ñݳñ³íáñ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ Ùáï 7,800-8,400 ïáÝݳ: ö³ëïáñ»Ý, ³Ûë ù³Ý³ÏÁ ѳí³ë³ñ ¿ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í ºñ¨³ÝÇ ³Éñ³Õ³óáõÙ ³ñï³¹ñí³Í û÷Ç ÁݹѳÝáõñ ù³Ý³ÏÇÝ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ÏáÙµÇÏ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÑÇÙÝ»Éáõ Ù³ëÇÝ ³é³ç³ñÏÁ å»ïù ¿ ϳï³ñíÇ Çñ³·áñÍ»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ñ»ïá, áñÁ å»ïù ¿ ³Ýñ³¹³éݳ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý, ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ, Ù³ñù»ÃÇÝ·Ç ¨ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý áÉáñïÝ»ñÇÝ: âÝ³Û³Í í»ñáÝßÛ³ÉÇÝ å»ïù ¿ Ç ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ, áñ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÏáÙµÇÏ»ñÇ Ï³ÛáõÝ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙÁ í×é³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÝ ¿ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³Ý³ëݳå³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:
êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ µ»ñù³Ñ³í³ùÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ñ³í³ùí³Í µ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»ÝÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³Ï³Ýáõ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ù³Ý³ÏÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ Ùáï 10,600 ïáÝݳ: àñå»ë ѳٻٳïáõÃÛáõÝ, ²ñ³ñ³ïÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ ²ñï³ß³ïÇ ¨ ²ñ³ñ³ïÇ å³Ñ³ÍáÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÁ 뻽áÝÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñÁ ·ÝáõÙ ¿ ÙdzÛÝ Ùáï 40,000 ïáÝݳ ÉáÉÇÏ: гٻٳïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳï³ñíáõÙ ¿, áñå»ë½Ç ß»ßï³¹ñíÇ ³ÛÝ ÷³ëïÁ û áñù³Ý ùÇã ¿ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ µ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»ÝÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñáõë³ÉÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Ñ½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ï»Õ³¹ñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ:
ØǨÝáõÛÝ Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ݳ¨ Ùñ·»ñÇÝ: ²Ûë áÉáñïáõÙ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ Ùáï 4,300 ïáÝݳ: ê³ ÝáõÛÝå»ë µ³í³ñ³ñ ã¿ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝãå»ë ûñÇÝ³Ï ²ñ³ñ³ïÇ, ²ñÙ³íÇñÇ ¨ ²ñ³·³ÍáïÝÇ å³Ñ³ÍáÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, ÑÇÙÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: ØÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó Ù³ñ½áõÙ Ùß³ÏíáÕ µ»ñùÇ Ýßí³Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ µ³í³ñ³ñ ¿ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ù³Ýñ³Í³Ë ßáõϳÛÇ
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 107 ÏáÕÙÝáñáßáõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ å³Ñ³ÍáÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, å»ïù ¿ Ç ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ, áñ ßáõϳÛÇ Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ßáõϳݻñáõÙ Ù³Ýñ³Í³Ë ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³í»ÉÇ µ³ñ¹ ¿ ¨ ¹Åí³ñ ¿ ϳñ·³íáñ»É ù³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ: Æñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ, »Ã» ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ý 220 É ³ë»åïÇÏ ï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ÷³Ã»Ã³íáñí³Í ïáÙ³ïÇ Ù³ÍáõÏÁ, ¹»ÕÓÇ ¨ ÍÇñ³ÝÇ åÛáõñ»Ý»ñÁ, ËÝÓáñÇ ÑÛáõÃÁ Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ »Ý ÙïÝáõÙ ²äÐ ¨ ºíñáå³ÛÇ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ßáõϳݻñ, ³å³ Ù³Ýñ³Í³Ë ßáõϳÛÇ íñ³ ÃÇñ³Ëí³Í ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ß³ï ùÇã ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿ í³×³éíáõÙ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ßáõϳݻñáõÙ, Ù³ëݳíáñå»ë èáõë³ëï³ÝÇ, ØÇçÇÝ ²ñ¨»ÉùÇ ¨ ²ØÜ ³ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý ³÷Ç Ñ³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý ë÷ÛáõéùáõÙ: Øñ·»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õ ѳï³åïáõÕÝ»ñÁ (êÛáõÝÇùáõ٠ѳí³ùíáõÙ ¿ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý 125 ïáÝݳ ѳï³åïáõÕ) ÝáõÛÝå»ë ϳñáÕ »Ý û·ï³·áñÍí»É Ù³Ýñ³Í³Ë ³é¨ïñÇ íñ³ ÃÇñ³Ëí³Í å³Ñ³ÍáÛ³óí»Éáõ ¨ ë³é»óí»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: ²Ûë ¹»åùáõÙ êÛáõÝÇùÁ ÷áùñ Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõÝÇ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý êÛáõÝÇùáõ٠ѳí³ùíáõÙ ¿ ÙáßÇ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ (³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 82 ïáÝݳ): Æ ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÙÛáõë ѳï³åïáõÕÝ»ñÇ, áñáÝóÇó »Ý »É³ÏÝ áõ ³½Ýí³ÙáñÇÝ, áñáÝù ï³ñ³Íí³Í »Ý ݳ¨ ³ÛÉáõñ, ÙáßÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÙÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï ¿ ¨ ÙáßÇó å³ïñ³ëïí³Í Ùáõñ³µ³Ý»ñÁ, ÏáÙåáïÝ»ñÁ ¨ ç»Ù»ñÁ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ßáõϳ۳í³ñÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõ٠ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý áõÝ»ÝáõÙ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ¨ ûï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³ ßáõϳݻñáõÙ:
êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ ϳñïáýÇÉ ¿ Ùß³ÏíáõÙ, áñÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ Ùáï 22,000 ïáÝݳ ϳ٠ٳñ½Ç µÝ³ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ï ßÝãÇÝ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ѳëÝáõÙ ¿ 160 Ï·: ØÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó, ºñ¨³ÝÇ ßáõϳݻñÇ ÙdzÛÝ Ù³Ï»ñ»ë³ÛÇÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ óáõÛó ¿ ï³ÉÇë, áñ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ³×áÕ Ï³ñïáýÇÉÇ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÁ ºñ¨³ÝÇ ßáõϳݻñáõÙ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ùÇã ¿, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë ¶»Õ³ñùáõÝÇùÇ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñí³Í ϳñïáýÇÉÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ: γñïáýÇÉÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ û·ï³·áñÍí»É ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ ûëɳÛÇ Ï³Ù Ñ³ïáõÏ Ï³ñïáýÇÉÇ ÷áßáõ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñÁ ѻﳷ³ÛáõÙ ÏÇñ³éíáõÙ ¿ áñå»ë ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý µ³Õ³¹ñÇã ãÇåë»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï: âݳ۳Í, Éñ³óáõóÇã áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ Ï³ñÇùÝ»ñÁ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»Éáõ ¨ êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ÝÙ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÑÇÙÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí ³é³çÇÝ Ñ³Û³óùÇó ³ÏÝѳÛï ¿, áñ ÝÙ³Ý ëó»Ý³ñÁ ³Ýѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý ¿, ù³ÝÇ áñ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ »Ã» Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÁ áñáß»Ý ÝÙ³Ý ·áñÍ ÑÇÙÝ»É Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ, Ýñ³Ýù ³í»ÉÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñ ÏÁÝïñ»Ý Íñ³·ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, ÇÝãåÇëÇÝ ¿ ûñÇÝ³Ï ¶»Õ³ñùáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½Á, áñï»Õ ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ ϳñïáýÇÉ ¿ Ùß³ÏíáõÙ, áñÇÝ ³í»É³ÝáõÙ ¿ ݳ¨ ïÝï»ë³å»ë ³í»ÉÇ Ó»éÝïáõ, ÙáïÇÏ ¨ ³å³Ñáí ѳë³Ý»É;ÇáõÃÛáõÝ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ïñ³Ýëåáñï³ÛÇÝ áõÕÇÝ»ñÇÝ:
ì»ñç³å»ë, êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ¨ ëÝݹ³ÙûñùÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿É ³ÛÝ ¿, áñ Ù³ñ½Ç Ù»ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ³í»ÉÇÝ ÙÇ Ï»ïÇó ÙÛáõëÁ ѳëÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ å³Ñ³ÝçíáÕ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ å³ï׳éáí ÙÇ ï³ñ³ÍùáõÙ Ùß³Ïí³Í ¨ ³×»óí³Í µ»ñùÁ áã ÙÇßï ¿ ïÝï»ë³å»ë Ñݳñ³íáñ ï»Õ³÷áË»É ÙÛáõë ßñç³ÝÁ
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 108 í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: úñÇݳÏ, êÇëdzÝÇ ß³ï ·ÛáõÕ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³í»ÉÇ ¿Å³Ý, ³å³Ñáí áõ ³ñ³· ¿ Çñ»Ýó ³åñ³ÝùÁ ѳëóÝ»É ºñ¨³Ý ù³Ý γå³Ý: Æñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ, Ù³ñ½Ç í³ñã³Ï³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ ¨ г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ù³Ûñ³ù³Õ³ù ѳëÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ å³Ñ³ÝçíáÕ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÁ ·ñ»Ã» ÝáõÛÝÝ ¿` ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ »Õ³Í Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí: ²Û¹ ÇëÏ å³ï׳éáí ݳËÏÇÝáõÙ ³Ù÷á÷í³Í µ»ñùÇ Ùdz·áõÙ³ñ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ áã ÙÇßï »Ý Ñ³ïϳÝß³Ï³Ý í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ÑáõÙùÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ µÇ½Ý»ë Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñÇ ÇÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³É Ñ½áñ³óáõÙ
ػͳٳë³Ùµ ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ ·áñÍáÕ` µÇ½Ý»ë ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ù³ïáõóáÕ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³é³ç³ñÏáÕ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ËáñÑñ¹³ïí³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ù»Í ¹»ñ áõÝ»ó³Ý г۳ëï³ÝÇ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍáõÙ 1998Ã.-Çó ³é ³Ûëûñ: êÛáõÝÇùáõÙ ·áñÍáÕ µÇ½Ý»ë Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñÁ ÝáõÛÝå»ë å»ïù ¿ Ýå³ëï»Ý Ù³ñ½Ç ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ: ²Û¹ ³éáõÙáí, ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ ϳñáÕ »Ý Ó»éݳñÏ»É ÙÇ ß³ñù ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ` áõÕÕí³Í µÇ½Ý»ë Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñÇ ÇÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³É Ñ½áñ³óÙ³ÝÁ: ²Û¹åÇëÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇó »Ý. Ù³ëݳ·»ïÝ»ñÇ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ñÓñ³óáõÙÁ, ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý »Ýóϳéáõóí³ÍùÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ, ë½µÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÷áõÉ»ñáõÙ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñáõÙ, ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ¨ ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ó»éùµ»ñÙ³Ý ¨ ï»Õ³¹ñÙ³Ý Ñ³ñóáõÙ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ù³ñ½»ñáõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáÕ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
²Ûë ·áñÍÁÝóóÁ Ñ»ßï³óÝ»Éáõ ѳñóáõÙ áñáß³ÏÇ ¹»ñ »Ý ϳï³ñáõÙ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ: ܳË` ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ å»ïù ¿ ·áñÍÁÝóóÇ Ï³ï³Éǽ³ïáñÁ ѳݹÇë³Ý³ ¨ å»ïù ¿ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ¹áÝáñÝ»ñÇ áñáÝÇ áñáß³ÏÇ »ÝóϳéáõÛóáõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáÕ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý ¨ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý Ù³ëݳ·»ïÝ»ñÇÝ ËáñÑñ¹³ïí³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³ëå»ÏïÝ»ñÇ ³éáõÙáí ÏñûÉáõ ѳٳñ: USAID ¨ ºØ TACIS-ÇÏáÕÙÇó ýÇݳÝë³íáñíáÕ Ý³Ë³Ó»éÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë ³ÏïÇíáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý óáõó³µ»ñáõÙ ï³ñµ»ñ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Ýϳïٳٵ, áñáÝù ÃÇñ³ËáõÙ »Ý ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ µÇ½Ý»ë Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñÇ ÇÝëïÇïáõóÇáÝ³É Ñ½áñ³óáõÙÁ:
êÛáõÝÇùÇ ëáódzÉ-ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ³ÇÝ»ñÁ 109
Table of Contents
1. Social Economic Background & Current Indicators of Syunik Region...........................2 2. Key Problems & Constraints .............................................................................................23 Objective Problems ...................................................................................................................23 Subjective Problems..................................................................................................................28 3. Assessment of Economic Resources & Potential ..............................................................32 Hydropower Generation............................................................................................................32 Tourism .....................................................................................................................................35 Electronics & Engineering ........................................................................................................44 Agriculture & Food Processing.................................................................................................47 Mineral Resources (other than copper & molybdenum)...........................................................52 Textiles ......................................................................................................................................55 Infrastructures............................................................................................................................57 Forest Management ...................................................................................................................59 Health & Education...................................................................................................................64 Urban Construction ...................................................................................................................66 4. Development Strategies & Recommendations..................................................................68 Proposed Structure of Marz Economy ......................................................................................68 Investment Needs & Opportunities ...........................................................................................71 Proposals & Recommendations ................................................................................................73
Syunik Development Strategy 1 1. Social Economic Background & Current Indicators of Syunik Region
Syunik Region historically was one of the most industrially developed areas of Armenia. Since 19th century the outstanding mineral resources of Syunik, rich with copper, molybdenum and to less extent gold attracted first at that time significant foreign direct investments, financed primarily by French businesses. Old mines of Kapan and Kajaran and their surrounding neighborhood till nowadays enjoy some infrastructure, cultural and civil heritage left from those times.
In Soviet times, the region was structured into four districts, including Kapan, Goris, Sisian and Meghri. Although the mining industry is more developed in Kapan and Meghri rather than in two other districts it was still the fundamental industry for the overall Zangezour region. Thanks to the mineral resources the Soviet Government has established in the region a well-developed industrial and social infrastructure. As a result, people in Kapan and Kajaran enjoyed living standards significantly higher than average in Armenia.
In addition to the mining industry the centralized planning economy system of FSU developed in Syunik regions other key economical sectors, such as the followings:
Ö Electronics
The electronics industry in Syunik region was concentrated primarily in Kapan and to less extent in other districts of Syunik. Having a qualified support provided by Kapan branch of State Engineering University of Armenia (SEUA) a former Yerevan Polytechnic Institute the FSU Government initialized the set up of several at those times pretty advanced electronics plants, including “Kapan Electron”, “Kapan Relay”, “Kapan Condensators”, “Kapan Lamps”, “Goris Gamma”, “Sisian Transistor Plant”, “Sisian Lamp Plant” and “Sisian Condensators Plant”. While details of former performance and current status of those enterprises will be further analyzed within the course of the study, the Consultant would like to emphasize that this sector is among the most suffered economic activities of Syunik region.
Syunik Development Strategy 2 Ö Textile
The textile industry was another developed sector of Syunik region. There are textile plants in Kapan, Goris and Sisian. The Kapan Knitted Wear Factory, currently “SonaTex” OJSC was one of the outstanding enterprises in Armenian textile industry. The plant was fully renovated and re-equipped in late 80’s. The main equipment and technology are unique knitting machines manufactured by Swiss “Dubiet” company. The other relatively big textile plants in Syunik region are Zangezour OJSC (Goris) and “Sisakan” Knitted Wear Factory (Sisian).
Ö Machine Building
The machine building industry in Syunik had the important objective to support the huge needs of mining industry. The key enterprises in this sector were “Kapan Machine Renovation Plant” and “Goris Microengine Plant”
Ö Food Processing
The food processing industry in Syunik was established to properly utilize rich resources of Syunik region. Specifically, the region had canneries in all four district centers, including Kapan, Goris, Sisian and Meghri. At present Meghri Cannery, which is an export oriented company is the only cannery in Syunik operating on relatively industrial scales. The other developed agricultural and food-processing industries were cattle breeding, milk-processing, production of cheese (especially in Sisian) and meat processing.
Ö Tourism
Syunik region was also quite famous for it’s tourism industry. The management of Zangezour Copper Molybdenum Combine and other mining enterprises established numerous vacation houses in the areas surrounding Kapan, specifically in
Syunik Development Strategy 3 Karmrakar village on the highway connecting Kapan and Goris and in mountainous areas between Kapan and Kajaran. Notwithstanding with the above mentioned, the vacation houses were established as a result of the beautiful nature, while other tourist attraction sites were fully underutilized. In this respect it is important to stress that Syunik region has such a fascinating tourism attraction sites, as Tatev Monastery near Goris (illustrated below), an ancient observatory in Sisian and numerous early Christian churches located throughout the region.
The other more or less developed industries in the region were construction, production of furniture, energy and mechanical plants. The industrial sectors were accompanied by quite extensive and developed social infrastructures, including health system, education, services, trade etc.
The main communication route for the inflow and outflow of products and passenger traffic in the region was railway connection. The big part of the railway connection was passing through the territory of Azerbaijan and is out of the operations from early 90’s. Since the break up of the Soviet Union and especially after the escalation of the conflict with Azerbaijan over the Nagorno Karabakh issue, both the social and the economic situation in the region started to dynamically degrade. The region being located on the longest distance from Yerevan is currently experiencing one of the highest levels of unemployment and poverty allover Armenia.
Syunik Development Strategy 4 The key economic indicators and other interesting facts about the region are as follows1:
Ö Share of Syunik in gross industrial production of the country is 8.1% Ö Share of Syunik in gross agricultural production of the country is 11.8% Ö Share of Syunik in retail turnover of the country is 1.3% Ö Share of Syunik in gross services of the country is 1.6% Ö Unemployment is 20.5% (worst region after Shirak) Ö Population density per km2 is 36 men (lowest indicator after Vayots Dzor)
Industry
The key economic indicators of Syunik region as compared to the other marzes of Armenia as well as dynamics of those indicators for the last five years are as follows2:
FIGURE 1. Dynamics of Syunik Industrial Output as Compared to Total Industrial Output of Armenia and GDP (AMD Millions)
1800000 45000 1600000 40000 1400000 35000 1200000 30000 Total Ind. 1000000 25000 GDP 800000 20000 600000 15000 Syunik Ind. 400000 10000 200000 5000 0 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
As summarized in the above graph, the industrial output of Syunik region was gradually growing along the growth directions of GDP and total industrial output of
1 National Statistical Service, www.armstat.am 2 National Statistical Service, www.armstat.am
Syunik Development Strategy 5 the country, reaching AMD 41.4 billions in year 2003. Moreover, the compound average growth rate experienced by industrial output of Syunik marz for the period of 1998 – 2003 has significantly outperformed the similar indicators of total industrial output of the country and was even a little faster than the outstanding GDP growth rate of Armenia. Indeed, these indicators are as follows:
CAGR GDP (1998 – 2003) – 9.3% CAGR Total Industrial Output (1998 – 2003) – 6.9% CAGR Syunik Industrial Output (1998 – 2002) – 10.4%
Notwithstanding the above mentioned, such intensive growth rates have relatively little influence on the improvement of the social- economic situation in the region due to the two key facts. First, the overwhelming contribution to the growth was made by a single mining industry and moreover single enterprise, namely Zangezour Copper Molybdenum Combine (ZCMC) and second, the output level in the late 90’s was so small that growth indicated during last three years is outstanding. Indeed, the CAGR of Syunik’s industrial output for the period of 2000 – 2003 is 2.26% or almost four times lower than the same indicator for the period of 1998 – 2003.
As a proof that the industrial output of the Syunik region is due to the mining industry and specifically the ZCMC, Agarak Copper Molybdenum Combine (ACMC) and Kapan Ore Enrichment Plant (KOEP), the Consultant compared dynamics of Syunik industrial output as compared to the total output of the mining industry of Armenia for the same period, as summarized in the following figure3:
3 National Statistical Service, www.armstat.am
Syunik Development Strategy 6 FIGURE 2. Dynamics of Industrial Output of Syunik as Compared with Mining Industry Output (AMD Millions)
45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 Syunik 20000 Mining 15000 10000 5000 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
As summarized on the above graph, during the period of 1998 – 2002, the industrial output of Syunik Marz was developing along the same curve as the Armenian mining industry. The correlation coefficient between these two data series is equal to 99.36%, which means that 1% growth in one field leads to the 0.9936% growth (almost identical) in another.
The share of the Syunik region in the total industrial output of Armenia is as follows4:
4 4 National Statistical Service, www.armstat.am
Syunik Development Strategy 7 FIGURE 3. Share of Regions in the Industrial Output of Armenia
9% 1% 1% Yerevan 3% Aragatsotn Ararat 5% Armavir 2% Kotayk 48% Gegharkunik 14% Lori Shirak Syunik 7% Tavoush 9% 1% Vayots Dzor
As summarized on the graph, Syunik has the fourth output after Yerevan, Kotayk and Ararat regions. However, as we have already highlighted it is due to the mining industry and moreover single enterprise of ZCMC, which employs 2,400 persons (about 4,500 persons total in mining industry in Syunik) out of total about 50,000 people employed in the region. However, relatively significant, growing industrial output of the region still does not influence the poverty reduction issues, since unemployment in Syunik is above 20%, which is twice as bigger as the country average and is the worst indicator in Armenia after the earthquake damaged Shirak region5.
In physical terms, the industrial output produced in the Syunik is growing as well. The index of physical volume of the output is summarized in the following graph6:
5 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 6 National Statistical Service, www.armstat.am
Syunik Development Strategy 8 FIGURE 4. Dynamics of the Index of the Physical Volume of the Syunik Output
% Growth
125 121 119 120
115 110 110 107 104 104 105
100
95 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
As summarized in the graph, despite fluctuations in the growth rates, within the period of 1998 – 2003 the index of physical volume of the output for each consecutive year was overperforming the previous year result.
The structure of industrial output of Syunik in year 2003 according to the key sectors is as follows7:
FIGURE 5. Structure of the Industrial Output of the Syunik by Sectors
11% 7% Mining Manufacturing Electricity / Water
82%
7 National Statistical Service, www.armstat.am
Syunik Development Strategy 9 As summarized on the graph, 82 % of the output of the Syunik region is attributable to the mining industry, which once more proves that the entire region is heavily relied on the ZCMC.
The same above-mentioned structure for the entire Armenia is as follows:
FIGURE 6. Structure of Industrial Output by Sectors
9% 24%
Mining Manufacturing Electricity / Water
67%
Mining has significantly smaller share in the total Armenian industry as compared to utilities sector and especially manufacturing.
Within the structure of mining industry in Syunik, the share of ZCMC with the total output of approximately USD 41 millions8 is about 69%, while the rest of 31% have approximately equal split between Agarak Copper Molybdenum Combine and Kapan Ore Enrichment Plant.
In terms of the utilities sector the biggest share belongs to the Vorotan Hydro Power Plant (HPP), which is the biggest HPP in Armenia.
The structure of the output within the rest of the remaining 9% for year 2003 is as follows9:
8 Syunik Government 9 Syunik Government
Syunik Development Strategy 10 Table 1. Structure of Processing Output Industry AMD millions % of Previous Year Food processing, including beverages 2,359.3 101 Yarn processing & products 116.6 42 Production of garments & furs 33.8 195 Wood processing and manufacturing of 10.1 116.4 wooden products Chemistry 9.3 140.5 Resin and plastic products 8.4 110.2 Other non metallurgical minerals 124.7 199.3 Equipment & machinery 195 79.6 Other products 126.8 87.3 Total 2,984 95.4
As summarized in the above table all the sectors except of the mining and utilities have jointly less than 5% decrease as compared with the previous year. In the entire structure of the output, production of food and beverages has 79% share. The biggest part in this subsector belongs to bread production. The structure of physical volume of the output in this specific subsector of food processing is as follows:
Table 2. Structure of Food Processing Output Products 2002 2003 Meat, tons 47.9 43.3 Milk and dairy products, tons 2.9 2 Cheese, tons 40.7 38.3 Cans, thousands conditional jars 103.1 152.9 Natural juices, 0.3 1.4 Wheat, tons 674.8 512.9 Bread and bakery products, tons 2836.8 2702.4 Confectionary, tons 11.4 11.1 Macaroni, tons 60.9 48.8
Syunik Development Strategy 11 As highlighted in the above table, indeed bread has the biggest share in the food processing products. Additionally, except of the production of cans and natural juices all the other subsectors in this sector experienced certain decline as compared with the previous year. Moreover, the output in some fields like milk and meat processing is really miserable.
Agriculture
The gross agricultural output of Syunik marz was also growing for the recent period. For the period of 1999 – 2002 dynamics of agricultural output of the region was as follows10:
Figure 7. Dynamics of Gross Agricultural Output as Compared with Syunik (AMD Billions)
45 450 40 400 35 350 30 300 25 250 Syunik 20 200 Total 15 150 10 100 5 50 0 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
The CAGR experienced in the observed period in Syunik region was significantly bigger than the CAGR experienced by the total agricultural output of Armenia making an outstanding 16.8% as compared with 8.3%. While in comparative year to year terms the agricultural industry in Syunik seems to be performing quite well in absolute amounts it is very small as summarized in the following chart11:
10 National Statistical Service, www.armstat.am 11 National Statistical Service, www.armstat.am
Syunik Development Strategy 12 Figure 8. Share of Syunik in Agricultural Output (Value terms)
4% Yerevan 1% 7% 6% Aragatsotn 10% Ararat 14% Armavir Gegharkunik 10% Kotayk 14% Lori Shirak 11% Syunik
9% 14% Tavoush Vayk
As summarized in the chart, in absolute terms, despite the big size of the region, Syunik was outperformed by many other regions such as Ararat, Armavir, Gegharkunik, Lori and Shirak. This primarily is based on the lack of agriprocessing factories in Syunik, as compared with the Ararat, Armavir and Aragatsotn regions, as well as lack of crop for industrial cultivation, like tomato, peach or apricot.
The structure of the agricultural output of Syunik region is as follows12:
Figure 9. Structure of Agricultural Output of Syunik (Volume terms) Melons Fruits Grape 0% 4% 1% Vegetables 18%
Cereals 43%
Potato 34%
12 National Statistical Service, www.armstat.am
Syunik Development Strategy 13 As summarized on the above graph the biggest share in the entire agricultural output of the marz belongs to cereals, which is primary due to the cultivation in Sisian district. The second position is hold by the potatoes, while vegetables have some 18% of share. The other crops such as fruits, grape and melons have miserable share in the agricultural output of Syunik marz.
The situation with cattle breeding and poultry sectors of Syunik agriculture is as follows13:
Figure 10. Dynamics of Cattle Breeding & Poultry Sectors
50 18 45 16 40 14 35 12 30 Meat, 000 tons 10 25 Milk, 000 tons 8 20 Eggs, mln 6 15 10 4 5 2 0 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
As summarized in the table, while the general situation in Armenia has rather development trend, meat, milk and eggs production in Syunik over the last five years was more or less stable, with even some slight downward dynamics. Indeed for the observed period the CAGR of the three products were as follows:
Ö CAGR Meat (-2.3%) Ö CAGR Milk 2% Ö CAGR Eggs (-2.2%)
13 National Statistical Service, www.armstat.am
Syunik Development Strategy 14 Nevertheless, one should note that during the last year all three directions have eventually experienced a progress, which could be a starting point for the further development of this sector of agriculture.
The share of the region in the total Armenian output for all three directions is as follows14:
Figure 11. Share of Syunik in Meat Production
Yerevan 4% 3% 7% 7% 10% Aragatsotn Ararat 8% Armavir Kotayk 13% Lori 9% Gegharkunik Shirak 12% Syunik 17% Tavoush 10% Vayk
As summarized in the graph the share of Syunik region in the entire meat production is about 7%, which is one of the poorest indicators countrywide. In this respect as compared to other regions, all the other rural regions of Armenia except of Tavoush and Vayk are overperforming Syunik.
14 National Statistical Service, www.armstat.am
Syunik Development Strategy 15 Figure 12. Share of Syunik in Milk Production
4% Yerevan 1% 11% Aragatsotn 7% 9% Ararat 8% Armavir Kotayk 6% Lori 15% Gegharkunik 10% Shirak Syunik 18% 11% Tavoush Vayk
In case of milk Syunik is still one of the poorest regions, which is doing better that Vayk, Tavoush, Ararat and Armavir only.
Figure 13. Share of Syunik in Eggs Production
3% Yerevan 5% 2% 11% Aragatsotn 7% 5% Ararat Armavir 6% 7% Kotayk 4% 7% Lori Gegharkunik Shirak Syunik Tavoush 43% Vayk
In eggs production, Syunik is again one of the poorest regions in Armenia.
Syunik Development Strategy 16 Social Issues
According to the official statistical sources currently the number of population in Syunik marz is about 134,000, including 88,000 urban residents and 46,000 rural residents15.
According to the same source of the National Statistical Service, the level of poverty in Syunik marz as compared with the other regions of Armenia is as follows:
Figure 14. Poverty Level by Regions (%)
80 72.1 73.6 70 60 55.9 51.6 52.2 45.4 47.2 44.6 50 43.8 42.2 40 32.7 30 20 10 0 n
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As summarized in the graph, Syunik has lowest poverty level in Armenia. However, this result might be strongly biased by the survey results accumulated in Kadjaran, which is one of the socially most secured cities in Armenia. On the other hand the other big communities of the Syunik, such as Kapan, Goris and Sisian have really very high level of poverty, since both the industry and commercial agriculture are rather underdeveloped here.
One of the indicators proving the last statements is the level of unemployment in the country, which according to the same source is as follows16:
15 National Statistical Service, www.armstat.am 16 National Statistical Service, www.armstat.am
Syunik Development Strategy 17 Figure 15. Unemployment Level in Regions (Thousands of Persons)
40 33.8 35 30 27.5 25 21.4 20 13.8 15 10 5.9 6.2 7.1 5 3.5 5 1.4 1.7 0 n
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As summarized in the above graph, by the number of unemployed people Syunik is one of the worst regions along with the Shirak and Lori. In terms of the unemployment as percentage of the population the performance of Syunik marz is even more negative as summarized on the next graph17:
Figure 16. Unemployment as % of Population
25 22.9 20.5 20 15.7 15 10.8 10 8.3 6.3 6.3 6.8 4.7 5.1 5 2
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17 National Statistical Service, www.armstat.am
Syunik Development Strategy 18 At present the total number of employed population in Syunik is 49,531, including 15,751 working in state organizations. The structure of employment per economy sectors is as follows:
Ö Industry - 11,527 Ö Agriculture & Forestry - 15,698 Ö Construction - 1,625 Ö Transportation & Communication - 1,184 Ö Retail Trade & Catering - 2,783 Ö Communal Services - 952 Ö Health, Sport & Social Security - 1,326 Ö Education, Culture & Arts - 5,173 Ö Science - 182 Ö Credit & Insurance - 629 Ö State Administration - 1,305 Ö Other Sectors - 7,117
The situation with unemployed population is as follows:
Table 3. Structure of Unemployment Indicators As of 30.06.2003 As of 30.06.2004 Employment seekers 16985 16296 Unemployed 14008 13185 Unemployment 19.3% 18.6%
Decreased number of employment seekers is adequate to decreased number of unemployed. The summary of the unemployment in Syunik is as follows:
Table 4. Structure of Unemployment (Continued) Indicators As of 30.06.2003 As of 30.06.2004 Education Higher Education 1186 1172 Specialized Education 4298 4118 Secondary Education 8010 7425 Less than Secondary 514 470
Syunik Development Strategy 19 Age Less than 18 62 0 18-22 1229 910 23-30 4258 4013 31-50 7595 7501 More than 51 864 761 Duration of Unemployment Less than 3 months 355 189 3-6 months 2175 406 6-12 months 4796 1226 More than one year 6682 11364
The structure of newly employed is as follows:
Table 5. Structure of New Jobs Newly Employed 30.06.2003 30.06.2004 Education Higher education 25 34 Specialized education 59 54 Secondary education 85 79 Less than secondary education 7 9 Age 18-22 6 3 23-30 52 27 31-50 113 128 More than 51 5 18 Duration of Unemployment Less than 3 months 2 1 3-6 months 11 9 6-12 months 31 28 More than 12 months 97 136 Profession / Specialties Engineer 2 11 Accountant 1 1 Agricultural specialists 3 2 Technicians 3 8 Economists 1 5 Veterinary 0 0 Biologists 1 1
Syunik Development Strategy 20 Mathematicians 2 0 Construction specialist 7 5 Other professions 121 141 Economy Sectors Industry 40 42 Transportation & Communication 2 7 Construction 1 5 Communal Services 8 11 Health & Sport 3 5 Education, Culture & Arts 17 8 Crediting & Insurance 5 2 Retail Trade & Catering 11 19 State Administration. 5 3 Other Sectors 49 72
The analysis of the employment market of Syunik region reveals that a significant increase of the productive capacities and the output of mining plants and integration of many other different enterprises of Syunik region in the outsourcing and operations of mining enterprises through supply of various services, components and products is contributing to establishment of new jobs, for technical, engineering and blue collar personnel and most important for newly graduated young specialists. The extension of the activities of these enterprises contributes to at least partial resolution of social issues related with high level of unemployment in Syunik. At present the mining sector of Syunik employs around 4,000 personnel, which is approximately 70% of all industrial employment. However, establishment of new jobs in mining sector now depends on the new investments in the sector, which is anticipated after the privatization of key enterprises and specifically ZCMP.
The light industry now employs less than 10% of formerly working 4,000 personnel, who are mainly women in Kapan, Sisian and Goris. Some improvements in this field are anticipated as a result of the implementation of quite labor-intensive manual carpet weaving projects in Kapan and Meghri districts. The implementation of this project will lead to the establishment of around 200-300 new jobs.
The analysis of current situation, the existing trends and assessment of development perspectives of the region can lead to conclusion that there are opportunities for the establishment of new jobs in non metal mining sector, agriculture and food processing, services, SME’s and tourism sectors.
Syunik Development Strategy 21 The macroeconomic indicators related to the income of the population of Syunik and specifically the compensation of the employed population is again quite positive. Indeed, the average monthly salary in Syunik region is AMD 37,602 (or about USD 67), which is one of the highest indicators countrywide and 6.3% higher than average country level of AMD 35,36918 (inclusive significantly higher salaries in Yerevan). However, such a positive general situation with numbers is still attributable to the very high salaries paid in three mining enterprises in Syunik region, namely ZCMC, ACMC and KOEP. In these enterprises the total employment makes about 4,500 persons (or almost 10% of total 50,000 employment) and an average monthly salary is reaching to AMD 90,000, thus securing relatively high average for the entire region:
Figure 17. Average Monthly Salary Level (AMD)
100000 90000 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Syunik Average Armenia Average Syunik Mining
As was summarized throughout this chapter Syunik region in terms of most of the key macroeconomic indicators is one of the best performing marzes of Armenia. However, the Consultant has numerously emphasized that general positive trends are due to the three mining enterprises located in the region. Without consideration of these enterprises Syunik will be the region with poorest social economic situation in Armenia.
18 National Statistical Service, www.armstat.am
Syunik Development Strategy 22 2. Key Problems & Constraints
Syunik region as the entire Republic of Armenia following the break down of the Former Soviet Union started to experience numerous problems and bottlenecks related to various fields of socio-economic development. While the general problems experienced by Armenia since the independence, such as energy crisis of early and mid 90’, high transport costs for inflow and outflow of products to and from the country, administrative barriers toward business development and rather small correlation of living standards of population with the general GDP growth are pretty well analyzed and presented in the studies and surveys implemented by various international organizations and technical assistance initiatives, Syunik region in addition to those constraints has unique problems, which are summarized in the following chapter, structured on objective and subjective problems and constraints.
Objective Problems
Consequence of Military Conflicts
Syunik marz is the region most suffered by the military conflicts between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno Karabakh issue. Since 1992 till mid 1994 the biggest communities of the region, including Kapan and Goris towns were under intensive missile and aviation attacks from Azerbaijan. The military conflict had a significant negative impact on the economy and general social-economic situation of Syunik.
First, the extensive bombing resulted in massive ruining of residential buildings and social and industrial infrastructure. Extensive investments of the Government, SMEs and population were required for rehabilitation of the region.
Second, as a result of the military conflict significant areas in Syunik region were mined. Since, the process of mining was rather chaotic there are areas without proper maps for mine-clearing. As a result, at present in the Syunik districts
Syunik Development Strategy 23 located on the border with Azerbaijan there are 1,500 hectares of mine-strewn areas. This factor alone is an essential constraint toward development of agriculture in those 1,500 hectares of land.
Third, the military attacks targeted on the peaceful population led to massive immigration of people from the region, which caused additional problems such as smaller internal market size, lack of resources for agricultural projects etc.
Urban Predominance
During the industrial and energy crisis of early and mid 90’s in Armenia, the country thanks to the agricultural reforms initiated right after Independence had at least agricultural sector with more or less stable performance. This was reflected in more than 40% of share of agriculture in Armenian GDP of mid 90’s. In late 90’s with development of industry and services the agriculture lost it’s huge share in GDP. However it was the sector that in a critical time supported at least minimal social and nutrition conditions in the country. Stable performance of agriculture was due to the privatization of agricultural lands and availability of skilled rural population in most of the Armenian regions capable for land cultivation.
In this respect Syunik has another constraint. The industry in the region, except of mining is still in deep crisis, while there are no sufficient rural population for proper cultivation of agricultural lands. Indeed, Syunik region, which has the biggest agricultural areas in Armenia and has the overwhelming urban predominance. According to the official statistics structure of urban and rural population in the region in year 2003 was as follows19:
Table 6. Structure of Population in Syunik District Total Population Urban Rural Kapan 62,600 54,100 8,500 Goris 44,300 23,100 21,200 Sisian 33,900 17,100 16,800 Meghri 12,200 9,600 2,600 Total 153,000 103,900 49,100
19 National Statistical Service www.armstat.am
Syunik Development Strategy 24 As summarized in the above table except of the Goris district, where the shares of urban and rural populations are almost equal in all the other districts urban population is predominant with about 68% of the share in the total population of Syunik.
Such a strong predominance of urban population in Syunik is a significant constraint toward development of the agricultural and food processing sectors in the region. Moreover, in addition to strong urbanization of the region there is another key problem, which is extremely small number of population per square km in Syunik. Population density in Syunik is lowest in Armenia after Vayots Dzor region. The comparison of population density indicators with the other regions is as follows:
Figure 18. Population Density (persons per km2)
300 248 250
200 151 160 150 134 104 100 66 58 57 50 36 29
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Lack of Transport & Communications
Another significant problem of the region is lack of transport and communication resources. The region has one of the weakest indicators in terms of Internet access, while a significant part of Syunik region is still out of mobile service coverage. Indeed, currently there are serious obstacles to Internet service development, since the region is experiencing serious problems with availability of Internet services for commercial purposes. At present access to Internet is possible either through
Syunik Development Strategy 25 Yerevan telephone numbers (some organizations in Syunik inherited from Soviet times or recently set up Yerevan telephone numbers) or via Internet provided by a few humanitarian organizations, like Project Harmony, which prohibits usage of Internet for commercial service. Transport problem is another constraint. This is related not only to the transport to and from Yerevan, but also within the marz. Due to long distances between all districts, as well as nature of the road coverage the access from one to another key town is complicated. This is especially an important problem for non-town communities, especially in Meghri, Goris and Sisian districts. Rural communities have no sufficient authority and capacity to solve numerous problems of people and automatically direct them to higher authority, which Marzpetaran located in Kapan. As a result, people usually spend several hours to reach Kapan from other areas and sometime need more than one day to discuss and try to solve their topics.
Longest Distance to Yerevan
The availability of domestic market with relatively big size is one of the key factors for industries growth and SME development, especially in introduction stages. At present Armenia is experiencing a significant growth in domestic consumption of wide range of products and services. This statement is supported by the following dynamics of growth rates of GDP, Imports and Population Expenditures for the period of 1998 - 200320:
Figure 19. Dynamics of GDP, Imports & Population Expenditures (USD Millions)
20 National Statistical Service www.armstat.am
Syunik Development Strategy 26 3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000 GDP Imports 1,500 Population Expenditure 1,000
500
0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
As summarized in the above graph, all three indicators have quite dynamic growth with outstanding aggregate rates as follows:
CAGR GDP – 11.9% CAGR Imports – 12.3% CAGR Population Expenditures – 15.8%
However, despite such a significant growth rates experienced by the above- mentioned indicators the most of the consumption within the country is concentrated in Yerevan. As a result, the country has relatively big market size, but demand for goods and services in regions and specifically in Syunik marz is extremely small. In this respect Syunik, as compared with the other regions of Armenia has the worst position since it is located on the longest distance from Yerevan. Moreover, due to the location of highways in mountains the timing from Syunik to Yerevan is not adequate to the distance. As a result the access to the main consumption market is relatively weak creating serious disadvantage for industries and especially SMEs in the region.
Syunik Development Strategy 27 Subjective Problems
Lack of Entrepreneurial Skills
Many problems that are unique for the Syunik region are inherited from the former Soviet legacy. Indeed, during the Soviet times the central government based on the mineral resources available in Syunik and specifically Kapan, Kajaran and Meghri established well-developed industrial and social infrastructure in the region. Specifically in addition to the mining enterprises described above, the Government established numerous industrial facilities in the fields of electronics, engineering, textiles, food processing, construction and many other fields to secure employment of the population. Additionally for the organization of the socio-cultural life of the people the Government established wide infrastructure throughout the region to provide high quality secondary, professional and higher education, health support and cultural events. Moreover, specifically in Kapan and Kajaran the Government established so called “ORS” (Department of Supplies for Employees) system, that had numerous stores in the those cities and was responsible for organization of proper supply of various goods, including food and consumer goods of Western origin for the employees of industrial enterprises. As a result of these undertakings, as well as very high salaries adopted in mining enterprises of Kapan, Kajaran and Agarak, people in Syunik region had very high standards of life and Kapan was considered as one of the best places for life in Armenia.
Under these circumstances, several generations of people had fully secured life and unlike many people living in other regions of Armenia for example Yerevan or Ararat valley had no need to source additional income for their families. Indeed, in almost all the other regions of Armenia people were engaged in commercial cultivation of agricultural lands to generate additional revenues, while Kapan and Kajaran despite the relatively big rural communities were always supplied by agricultural products by the peasants from other regions and even Azerbaijan. As a result, after the break down of FSU most of the population of Syunik had almost no entrepreneurial skills and was not ready to the challenges of free market economy. This is one of the key factors for such underdeveloped SME role and status in Syunik.
Syunik Development Strategy 28 Additional Administrative Barriers
Administrative barriers are serious bottleneck for business and especially SME development in Armenia. However, while in Yerevan and regions located near the capitol the administrative barriers are limited to interaction with tax, social security, customs and licensing authorities in Syunik in addition to these authorities there are some evidences of excessive interactions of SME’s with number of other government agencies and authorities, which by law have to have extremely limited access and interaction with SMEs.
This poor situation is again inherited from Soviet times, when due to the well developed industry the Government has also established strong “control & punishment” mechanisms based on the numerous institutions. The tradition of strong and influential security, police and prosecutors remained till present times and is an essential factor toward business development in the region.
Another weakness in Syunik region associated with this problem is the lack of opportunities and mechanisms to dispute voluntary decisions of the above- mentioned institutions. Businesses there are far from central media and democratic institutions, while the similar regional initiatives are underdeveloped.
In addition to the points highlighted above, the Consultant has also identified that especially in Kapan, which is the marz center, businesses are experiencing problems related to bottlenecks created by double authority of marz (regional) and city officials.
Dependency on Mining and Energy Sectors
As was emphasized throughout the first chapter, the entire industry of Syunik region is strongly dependant on the mining sector and specifically the performance of ZCMC and to less extent ACMC and KOEP. In addition to macroeconomic indicators summarized above the following list of the top ten performing enterprises in Syunik region again proves the high level of dependency on mining21:
1. Zangezour Copper Molybdenum Combine (mining)
21 Syunik Government
Syunik Development Strategy 29 2. Agarak Copper Molybdenum Combine (mining) 3. Kapan Ore Enrichment Combine (mining) 4. Vorotan HPP (energy) 5. Kapan Machine Building Plant (leading position within top ten is held due to the big volume of machine renovation services provided to ZCMC) 6. Sisian Shik (stone extraction and processing) 7. “Zangezour Textiles” (leading position within top ten is held due to the big volume of textile articles, specifically bags and working uniforms supplied regularly to ZCMC) 8. Sisian Grand Marcos (travertine processing) 9. Meghri Cannery (food processing) 10. Vible (production of lime)
As a result, as summarized in the above list out of top ten performing enterprises of Syunik region six are directly working or associated with the mentioned sectors of mining and energy. Moreover, out of the rest four enterprises three companies are involved in extraction of different types of construction stones and their processing. Availability of advanced mining factories in the region is an obvious advantage for Syunik. However, strong dependency of other industries and infrastructures on mining is a threat for economic development of Syunik, since potential downward dynamics in that specific sector or negative situation in metal exchanges might lead to negative trends in the other industries as well.
Lack of Information Sources
Syunik is the peripheral region of Armenia, located on the longest distance from the capitol city of Yerevan. This factor influences availability of the information required for development of business and business environment in particular. The lack of information is related to almost all information sources, including
TV (not all Armenian TV channels are covering entire territory of Armenia and Syunik certainly is among uncovered marzes); Radio (FM channels are covering the area of Yerevan plus surrounding territory with the radius of about 50 km) Internet (Syunik despite having one of the best indicators of people with high education has probably the weakest Internet access position in Armenia)
Syunik Development Strategy 30 Direct information sources (People usually communicate with each other directly or on specific events in Yerevan and the information the spread allover the country. The closer areas to Yerevan the more extensive is the information received from this source)
As a result of these shortcomings, people in Syunik and specifically SMEs have lack of information regarding the following issues:
i) Debt and equity financing sources and conditions; ii) Opportunities provided by international technical assistance initiatives; iii) Legal and regulatory field covering the business environment; iv) Modifications in tax and other business related legislation v) Other business and SME development related info
Lack of Communication & Feedback Between Communities and International Organizations
Community leaders in Syunik region, especially those representing rural communities have lack or often even no information about various interesting resources, technical assistance projects and other opportunities provided by international organizations. This is very often is a result of the lack of information briefly summarized above. However, in many cases this is the result of the weak professional and educational background of the community leaders, who sometimes are not capable of properly finding, analyzing and utilizing the information regarding international project opportunities.
Syunik Development Strategy 31 3. Assessment of Economic Resources & Potential
Hydropower Generation
As was summarized in the chapter of economic background the energy field and specifically hydropower generation is currently the second biggest industrial sector of Syunik with the total output reaching about 1,343 million kWh or approximately AMD 4.5 billion in year 2003. The biggest enterprise solely responsible for the overwhelming portion of this output is Vorotan HPP.
The installed capacity of Vorotan HPP is 400 MW, while current operational capacity is nearly 320 MW. This indicator makes the plant responsible for about 20% of total energy generation operational capacities in Armenia, about half of the total hydro power operational capacities of Armenia along with Sevan Hrazdan Cascade of HPPs and about 24% of total 5,519 million kWh of energy produced in Armenia22.
In addition to Vorotan HPP at present there are a few other small HPPs operating in Syunik. Recently the Government of Armenia in cooperation with international donor community, specifically the World Bank, EU, USAID and EBRD launched several initiatives targeted on promotion of renewable energy generation sources and specifically development of small and medium hydro power plants throughout the country.
Indeed, at present almost 60% of total electricity generated in Armenia is produced in Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant and Hrazdan Thermal Power Plant. The operations of these two plants have significant disadvantages. Nuclear plant was established in 70’s and is currently a long-term environmental threat not only for Armenia but also for the entire region. Moreover, the nuclear fuel used in the plant is very expensive, requiring external financial interventions during each supply and creating further crucial environmental problems with burial of radioactive wastes. The thermal power plants on the other hand although have less environmental impact but are too costly, because they are based on expensive gas and/or mazut 22 National Statistical Service, www.armstat.am
Syunik Development Strategy 32 imported from abroad and delivered with usual for Armenia high transport costs. This makes the cost of one kWh of electricity generated in TPP higher than USD 0.034, which is in average almost three times as bigger as the average cost of electricity generated in HPP. Under these circumstances, the Government supported by donors created an environment for boosting small HPP establishment in Armenia. In this respect Syunik is one of the most efficient regions in Armenia for development of hydropower generation business. The region as illustrated on the following map is quite rich by water resources.
Syunik Development Strategy 33 According to meteorological observations the amount of annual rainfall is about 2,930 million m3 or 620mm, of which 1,520 million m3 or 340mm evaporates and the rest part comes out to the surface in the form of springs or feeds the water horizons of artesian reservoirs of inter-mountainous concavities.
The rivers in Syunik are mainly short, fast and shallow. They belong to the Araks reservoirs. The biggest rivers of Syunik are Vorotan, Voghchi, and Meghryget. The river Vorotan rises from Syunik plateau and has 178km length, of which 119km passes through the territory of Armenia. The reservoir is 5650km2 and it flows into Araks. It is a mountain-river and flows through a deep canyon, the fall on 1km makes 16m, annual average consumption (near Vorotan settlement) is 21.5m3/sec, annual flow is 680 million m3 (maximum flow in RA territory is 350m3/sec, minimum flow is 11m3/sec). The river has mixed supply (50% are underground waters). It is not steady, it becomes faster in spring and in the beginning of summer. The main brooks are Sisian, Aragildjur, Shaki with the picturesque waterfall with the same name, Lernashen, Shamb, Vaghatni, Vararak (Goris), etc. The Spandaryan, Angeghakot, Tolors and Shamb reservoirs and the Spandaryan, Shamb and Vorotan HPP are built on the river. The Spandaryan and Vorotan irrigation systems are also supplied from Vorotan.
The river Voghchi rises from Kapoutjough peak of Zangezour mountain chain. It has 82km length, the reservoir is 1175 km2 (56.9 km2 in RA territory), the annual average consumption is 9.6 m3/sec and the annual flow is 302.4 million m3. The supply is mixed, the river becomes faster in April-June. The main brooks are Kadjaran, Geghi, Vachagan, Norashenik, Geghanush. The Voghchi and Kapan HPPs are situated on the river. The towns Kapan and Kadjaaran are on the banks of the river.
The river Meghry is the left brook of Araks. It rises from Kapout Lich (Blue Lake) of Zangezour mountain chain. It has 36 km length, the reservoir is 274 km2. It has snow-rain and underground supply, average consumption is 3.34 m3 /sec, annual flow is 102 million m3. It becomes faster in spring. Down the Meghry river, on the right bank is Meghry town.
There are more than 30 small lakes, including Sev (Black) and Al (Red) in Goris district, Gazana, Tsaghkakar, Kaputan in Kapan district and Kapout lich (Blue
Syunik Development Strategy 34 Lake) in Meghry district. They mainly have dam origin and are situated in the valleys generated from ice-fields where the snowmelts and spring waters are piled up. Current and potential hydro power projects in Syunik region are summarized in the Annex 123:
While the majority of the project sites have no formal developer right now, the Consultant conducted survey among specialized research institutions and identified that for almost all the sites recently the potential owners initiated development of engineering project, which will be the first step for licensing and construction of plants. As summarized in the table the implementation of these projects could lead to production of electricity with the total output of about 273 millions of kWh for the total value of USD 9.5 millions (without serious marketing costs), which will lead to more than 13% growth of the industrial output of the marz and establishment of hundreds of new highly compensated jobs.
Based on the above brief review, the Consultant concluded that HPP sector of Syunik, based on the availability of low cost resources and current increasing demand have big potential and would be able in a future to provide a significant share to country energy generation and also contribute to energy security of Armenia.
Tourism
The presentation of current resources and growth potential in tourism sector of Syunik region is structured by districts as follows:
Sisian
Sisian district is rich with numerous tourist attractions. The sites that can be used to attract tourists to Sisian are summarized in the Annex 2:
Currently there are three hotels in Sisian district. The brief summary of those hotels is as follows:
23 Scientific Research Institute “ArmHydroEnergyProject” CJSC
Syunik Development Strategy 35 Table 7. Summary of Hotels in Sisian District Name Number “Lux” Number Number of Condition Restaurant Other Services Required of Rooms Rooms* of Beds baths/toilets Investments Hotel “Dina 31 8 80 8 recently Available Satellite TV, local There is a – Albert” renovated and international need for phone, tourist installation routes, guide and set up of service, translator 23 service, different baths/toilets. types car rentals, Total hot water available investments USD 34,500 Hotel 50 50 75 50 recently Available Tourist routes, Minor “Basen” renovated guides, different improvements types cars rentals, for about sauna, national USD 10,000 cuisine, hot water available B&B 3 0 11 3 recently Available No additional - “Karandzav” renovated service *Improved, comparably convenient rooms
Syunik Development Strategy 36 Goris
Goris district of Syunik region is another unique area, where in addition to ancient historic and cultural monuments potential tourists can enjoy beautiful environment and natural parks. The most tourist attractive site of Syunik region, Tatev monastery is also located in Goris region. The key tourism areas of Goris are summarized in the Annex 3:
Syunik Development Strategy 37 Currently there are four hotels in Goris district, as summarized in the following table
Table 8. Summary of Hotels in Goris Name Number Number Number of Condition Required Investments of Rooms of Beds baths/toilets Goris 40 90 40 One floor is fully All rooms must be renovated; new occupied by cold and hot water system to be refugees; Needs to installed; equipment and furniture be fully renovated to be fully renovated. and re-equipped Total cost about USD 100,000 B&B 3 7 1 Recently renovated Facility is planning extension of services, specifically acquisition of resort, construction of pool, carriage trips. Total Investment USD 10,000. B&B 3 6 1 Recently renovated No additional investment needs by “Khachik” the owners B&B 1 3 1 Recently renovated Needs to extend and to establish surrounding resort. Total size of investment is USD 2,500.
Syunik Development Strategy 38 Kapan
Although Kapan district does not have such a unique and renown historical, cultural and architectural monuments like Tatev monastery it also has significant potential for attraction of tourists to both historic and cultural monuments and natural resorts and specifically forests and mountains spread throughout Kapan district.
The key tourist areas of Kapan are summarized in the Annex 4:
Currently there are the following hotels in Kapan:
Syunik Development Strategy 39 Table 9. Summary of Hotels in Kapan District Name Number Number Number of Condition Required of Rooms of Beds baths/toilets Investments Caravan 4 8 4 Hotel is newly constructed and is N.A. equipped with restaurant and sauna as well as TV and video facilities inside each room. All rooms have permanent hot and cold water. Open- air café is also available. Darist 27 27 27 Hotel is newly constructed and is N.A. considered as one of the best hotels in Syunik. All rooms have permanent hot and cold water. Lernagorts 60 70 60 Soviet time constructed hotel. Only 10 About USD 20,000 out of 60 rooms are equipped with hot water facilities. Tourism 8 40 8 The “hotel” occupies three-floor About USD 30,000 Bureau building and consists of 7 two bed rooms and one 26 beds room. Gandzasar 14 30 14 Soviet time constructed hotel. Two About USD 30,000 bedroom facilities are considered as “Lux” and have permanent water, including hot water supply. The other rooms do not have hot water supply.
Syunik Development Strategy 40 Meghri
Due to climatic conditions and location far from Yerevan and the center of the country Meghri district is probably the least attractive from tourist point of view. On the other hand Meghri is located on the border of Armenia with Iran and due to such location is always hosting guests both from Armenia and Iran.
The summary of key tourist attractions is given in Annex 5 of the study:
Syunik Development Strategy 41 The summary of hotels in Meghri is as follows:
Table 10. Summary of Hotels in Meghri District Name Number Number Number of Condition Required Investments of Rooms of Beds baths/toilets Meghri 40 60 40 Non renovated Hotel needs to be fully renovated. Total costs is about USD 90,000 Mila 6 12 6 Equipped, permanent hot and cold - water Hayer 3 6 1 joint The hotel occupies second floor of a - cottage. It has joint facilities such as toilet, bathroom, kitchen etc. Hotel is equipped. Otevanatun 2 4 1 joint The facility occupies two bedrooms of - three-bedroom apartment. All facilities are joint. Facility is equipped. Otevanatun 1 2 1 joint One bedroom apartment. Apartment - is equipped. No hot water is available. Elya 20 20 1 joint Rooms are equipped. The joint bath USD 1,000 to renovate facility has permanent hot and cold bath facility. water supply.
Syunik Development Strategy 42 As the above chapter on tourism shows the region have significant historic, cultural and architectural resources as well as nature and environment to attract tourists. However, due to the lack of infrastructures, specifically hotels and other similar accommodation facilities the tourism here is underdeveloped. In this respect, one should note that currently the tourism industry and especially internal tourism is experiencing a boom in Armenia. Areas and regions like Tsakhkadzor, Sevan and Dilijan are selling hotel facilities at daily price of about USD 30 – 50 and have very high occupancy rates.
In Syunik although some new investments were financed, specifically in Sisian and Kapan, there is a big floor for institutional investors. For instance, the ZCMC with it’s profilactorium facility might be the pioneer in the development of tourism industry in Syunik.
In development of tourism business in Syunik it is important to stress not only end users but also specialized travel agencies, which have significant role in development of tourism in lake Sevan and Tsakhkadzor areas.
Another important fact related to tourism is that revenues generated from visitors spread through wide public, who will sell small products and services to tourists. At present the World Bank has sponsored a pilot project called Tourism Development in Tatev. The idea is to teach and motivate people in surrounding villages to offer services and products to tourists visiting the monastery complex.
Another positive aspect of tourism development is that construction and operations of small cottages as a starting strategy for tourism development (as was done in Lake Sevan area) will also lead to SME development and increase of income in rural areas.
In development of tourism in the region it is important to stress and concentrate not only on cultural and historic monuments, but also on the areas with unique nature and special tourism segments such as hiking, mountain climbing, hang glider flights etc.
Syunik Development Strategy 43 Electronics & Engineering
Electronics and engineering were among the most developed sectors of Syunik economy in late Soviet period. The electronics industry in Syunik region was concentrated primarily in Kapan and to less extent in other districts of Syunik. Having a qualified support provided by Kapan branch of State Engineering University of Armenia (SEUA) a former Yerevan Polytechnic Institute as well as other high technical institutions located in Yerevan the FSU Government initialized the set up of several at those times pretty advanced electronics plants, including “Kapan Electron”, “Kapan Relay”, “Kapan Condensators”, “Kapan Lamps”, “Goris Gamma”, “Sisian Transistor Plant”, “Kapan Machine Building Plant”, “Sisian Lamp Plant” and “Sisian Condensators Plant”. The overwhelming portion of the output was sold throughout the FSU wit the major concentration on defense industries.
However, following the break down of FSU and disintegration of former economic links, the sector in Syunik became most suffered and currently has almost no chances for potential recovery. According to the official statistics, in year 2003 the total output of “Equipment & machinery” sector was only AMD 195 millions (approximately USD 348,000), which made 20.4% decrease as compared with the previous year.
The status of main plants and operational facilities representing the sector is as follows:
Goris Gamma
“Goris Gamma” OJSC is probably the most successful enterprise in the sector in Syunik region. The company is specialized in design and manufacturing of electronic instruments, electric machinery, precise mechanical articles and optical articles. The output of the company in year 2002 was around USD 206,000, which for more than 75% was attributable to exports mainly to Russia and Canada. The other positive issue in respect to this company is that during the last several years it was experiencing a stable growth.
Syunik Development Strategy 44 Currently the company has a total staff of around 130 persons, with average salary of about AMD 30,000. The owners of the company are Armenian individuals. The company has ISO 9001 certificate and is regularly participating in relevant local and international events, such as CEBIT 2003 in Germany. While the equipment of the company mostly consists of the technologies of Soviet origin installed in eighties, it is well preserved and still capable of producing relatively competitive output.
Kapan Electron
From its establishment until 1996 the company was specialized in the design and manufacture of special computer technologies and components for the defense industry, digital modems, and other electronic technology for aviation and submarines. The company reached production and employment peaks in 1991. The volume of output was equivalent to about USD 11 millions and the number of staff reached 850 persons.
After the FSU breakup and the complete disintegration of former relationships with clients in Russia, the company was involved in the production and mechanical processing of metal construction. The company ceased operations since 1998. At present it has 8 employees mainly for security purposes. Moreover, due to negative location of the plant on the land with free flowing grounds, it’s premises now are considered as dangerous and have extremely limited real estate value.
Kapan Relay
The company has not operated since the year 2000. The main specialization of the company was production of relays. In addition to this main specialization the company was also involved in design and production of remote controls for TV sets, stabilizers and motors for tape recorders, shooting toys, electric water heaters and automobile interior fans. Kapan Relay plant reached employment and output peaks in the period of 1988 – 1991. At that time the staff of the company consisted of 1,500 persons. The entire output was selling in Russian market.
Syunik Development Strategy 45 Currently the company has 13 employees, who are people mainly responsible for the security of the area and workshops. The plant is equipped by Soviet technologies. About 50% of all equipment was produced and installed in late 80’s. The other part is older. As compared to two other huge FSU plants, like Kapan Electron and Kapan Condensators this plant is much better preserved and maintained. The majority of equipment is still in place. However, the production was designed for the output, which has no demand now and maintenance of the key profile of enterprise seems to be unrealistic.
Kapan Condensators
The enterprise during late Soviet period has substantial output and big personnel. At present it does not operate. Moreover, the enterprise lost almost all technologies and equipment. The building is in awful condition and has extremely limited value for future utilization, since requires extensive rehabilitation and complete installation of roofs.
Goris Micro Engine
The company is specialized in design and production of electric machinery with small capacity (-200 Watt), in particular electric engines, electric pumps for chilling liquids of metal cutting machinery, roof fans, other types of fans. Goris Micro Engine reached both employment and output peaks in the period of 1989-1990. At that time the total output was equivalent of USD 6.2 millions, while the staff comprised of about 900 persons.
In year 2002 the total output of the company was equal to USD 52,000 or less than 1% of late FSU time. At present the company employs 53 persons staff with an average monthly salary of about USD 25.
Kapan Machine Building Plant
Despite the name of the plant, both in Soviet times and currently it is mainly involved in rehabilitation of machinery and big transportation means of mining
Syunik Development Strategy 46 enterprises. At present the enterprise is considered as a satellite of ZCMC. It has permanent cooperation agreements with ZCMC and provides professional repair and maintenance of machinery of ZCMC. The main part of revenues is related to service of huge “BELAZ” trucks utilized by ZCMC.
In addition to it’s core activities, the company is also involved in service field. Specifically it is the distributor of Armenia Lada Company in Syunik region, as well as distributor of “Belarus” engines in Armenia. Kapan Machine Building Plant has currently about 160 persons staff and is ranked by marz authorities among top ten performing Syunik enterprises.
The enterprises in electronics and engineering sectors of Syunik are few and unique. Therefore, instead of elaboration of brief overview of the sector the Consultant visited plants and made brief overview of each enterprise. Following the assessment of the situation, the general rank of the sector is negative. Moreover, despite the performance of two companies could be considered as more or less satisfactory, the sector has almost no development potential, since the rehabilitation of the plants will require multimillion investments, while on the other hand there are better equipped plants in Yerevan and surrounding areas, which are still greatly underutilized.
The other regional plants that have been quite successful in Soviet times but not operate now are Sisian Medical Instruments Plant and Sisian Lamps Plant.
Agriculture & Food Processing
For the analysis of the prospects of Syunik region in food processing industry the Consultant has initially conducted an assessment of the resources of Syunik region in various food products and raw materials. The assessment of the Syunik agricultural resources is structured according to the districts of Kapan, Meghri, Goris and Sisian. Information is provided by districts not only to provide data as detailed as possible that can be further utilized by marz and community authorities, but also due to the fact that all four districts are located far from each other. Therefore, utilization of agricultural resources of one district by another would be also problematic issue. Within the framework of the project the
Syunik Development Strategy 47 Consultant conducted interviewing and survey in all urban and rural communities of the region. The information is summarized as follows:
Sisian Agricultural Resources
The break down of Sisian resources according to villages and stock breading products is summarized in the Annex 6:
As a result of the data summarized in the Annex 6 Sisian district in year 2003 produced 491.6 tons of meat; 13,869.5 tons of milk; 1.92 millions of eggs; 46 tons of wool; 54.2 tons of leather and 88.2 tons of honey.
Milk produced and collected in Sisian is sufficient for the set up of industrial facilities and relatively large-scale dairy production. However, due to the long distance from the key consumer market of Yerevan, cheese is the only economically feasible product. Sisian district is famous by high quality of cheese. However, the recognition of Sisian as cheese production district significantly loses to other areas, specifically North Western regions of Armenia. To solve this situation the region needs investments into modern cheese production and packaging facilities. Data on the milk availability along with the additional program on development of cheese industry in Sisian has to be communicated to potential profile investors in Armenia to attract required investments. Additionally, while the quality of cheese produced in Sisian is relatively high the awareness of Sisian cheese in the country is not adequate.
The meat resources summarized above can allow establishment of a few small sausage production workshops targeted on the Yerevan based clientele. Additionally, the Consultant should note that each year Sisian district is supplying a significant amount of unprocessed leather to traders and processors in Yerevan. More than 50 tons of leather produced each year could be sufficient quantity for the set up of the small leather processing facility in Sisian.
The current situation with stockbreeding and specifically the quantity of cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, poultry and honeybee hives in Sisian district is summarized in the Annex 7:
Syunik Development Strategy 48 Currently, as summarized in the Annex 7 Sisian district has total 17,024 heads of cattle, 25,479 heads of sheep and goats, 537 pigs, 30,000 chicken and hen and 5,880 bee hives. The situation with the vegetables grown in Sisian district is summarized in the Annex 8. As summarized in the Annex, the only crop output allowing industrial processing is wheat. Currently there are several mills in Sisian, which are based on the supply of the local wheat. The output of fruits and berries in Sisian is so limited, that they are all grouped into single column jointly making 31.4 tons annually.
Goris Agricultural Resources
The summary of agricultural output in Goris with detailed per products and per community break down is summarized in Annex 9:
As summarized in the Annex the output of Goris district in year 2003 according to key product lines comprised 1,630 tons of meat, 16,442 tons of milk, 6.5 millions of eggs, 58.6 tons of wool and about 18,000 pieces of skins. The above-mentioned amounts of meat and milk are sufficient for set up of milk and small meat processing facilities in Goris district. Like in case of Sisian to target the Yerevan market, the milk processing must be concentrated on cheese production primarily.
The situation with fruits, vegetables and crops cultivated in Goris is summarized in the Annex 10. As summarized in the Annex 10 Goris district has very small gross output in all kinds of fruits, vegetables and crops. Such a limited quantity of resources limits the business opportunities in food processing sector. In addition to the above-mentioned output Goris district has annually a total output of 32 tons of blackberry.
Kapan Agricultural Resources
The agricultural resources of Kapan district related to cattle breeding and land cultivation are summarized in the Annexes 11 & 12. As highlighted in the Annex 11 and specifically in total quantities summarized in the last raw, Kapan district has relatively big output in cattle breeding related agricultural fields. While the total meat output of 325 tons is not sufficient for development of meat processing businesses, the output of milk is relatively sufficient to promote milk processing workshops and small dairy plants. The importance of promotion of small dairy
Syunik Development Strategy 49 workshops and specifically cheese making facilities is even more vital due to the fact that the total amount of milk will be supplied not by the few farmers, but rather by hundreds of peasants. As a result, numerous families would benefit from those initiatives. The similar initiative was recently started by Kapan Enterprise Development Center based on the financing provided by OXFAM Great Britain.
Procurement and processing of skins is another field that have potential for economic growth and development. The resources in this subsector region wide are sufficient for set up and development of leather processing facilities. The situation with the output of fruits, vegetables and crops in Kapan district is summarized in the Annex 12. In addition to the crop summarized in the Annex Kapan district annually has the total output of 44.6 tons of blackberry. As the Annex summarizes Kapan district does not possess resources sufficient for large-scale industrial processing of fruits and vegetables. However, the gross output in fruits, vegetables and berries might be sufficient for restart of retail market oriented activities of Kapan Cannery or new smaller scale canning facilities.
Meghri Agricultural Resources
The agricultural resources in Meghri district are summarized in the Annex 13. The cattle breeding related agricultural output of Meghri district, except of milk production is very limited for any kind of industrial processing. The situation with the production of fruits, vegetables and crops in Meghri district is more positive and is summarized in the Annex 14. In addition to data summarized in the Annex 14, Meghri district annually has about 6 tons of blackberry output. As summarized in the Annex 14, unlike the poor output in cattle breeding related fields the output of fruits in Meghri is quite substantial. This allows Meghri district not only to have most advanced cannery in Syunik region, but also enables population to grow wide range of fruits and sell them throughout the region and in Yerevan.
There is a discrepancy between figures summarized in this chapter and in the macroeconomic indicators. However, one should note that these figures are based on the survey and direct interviewing conducted by the Consultant in exclusively all communities of Syunik region. The region wide summary of key agricultural output of Syunik region is as follows:
Syunik Development Strategy 50 Table 11. Syunik Agricultural Output (Tons) Meat Milk Eggs Wool Skins Honey Wheat Vegetables Fruits Potatoes Berries (000’pcs) (pcs)
Kapan 325.3 5,665 2,546 7.3 5,342 N.A. 1,756 2,525 331 3,191 64.4
Goris 1,630 16,442 6,540 58.6 18,345 N.A. 14,800 1,529 1,070 3,524 49.7 Sisian 491.6 13,869 1,920 46 7,700 88.2 11,737 6,150 314 14,690 0 Meghri 191.7 1,487 417 3.9 1,507 N.A. 0 422 2,600 336 11.7 Total 2,638.6 37,463 11,423 115.8 32,894 88.2 28,293 10,626 4,315 21,741 125.8
The total figures summarized in the above table are quite indicative and could be used for elaboration of regional agri-processing policies and whenever feasible, initiation of specific investment projects.
Syunik Development Strategy 51 Mineral Resources (other than copper & molybdenum)
The Consultant has emphasized throughout the text the importance of mineral resources and specifically copper and molybdenum deposits available in Syunik for the entire industrial and social infrastructure of the region.
Indeed Syunik is rich by identified and researched deposits of wide range of mineral materials, including stones and metals. The processing of mineral materials in Syunik and specifically bronze, copper and other metals started thousands years ago. During the intensive mining and construction processes in Syunik a lot of archeological findings such as a small bronze statue (1400-1700 B.C.) found in Syunik village, Bronze Age axe found in Kadjaran mine, stone forms for fusing swords (II millennium B.C.) found during the Kapan-Kadjaran road construction appeared to support those facts.
The contemporary utilization of Syunik mineral resources started in mid 19th century. The first industrial mining started by French, Greek and Russian companies in Agarak and Kapan. At those time the primary targeted material was copper. In that period, i.e. from mid 19th century till the Soviet times in 1917 the Syunik mines produced around 33,000 tons of copper24.
Currently the most important mineral resources of Syunik are non ferrous metals, mainly molybdenum, copper, zinc, lead and tin as well as to less extent precious metals, such as gold and silver. However, along with the highly expensive metal resources the region is also pretty rich by less expensive, but still very valuable non metal mineral resources and primarily construction stones. The importance of this sector is currently more increasing thanks to the outstanding growth experiencing by Armenian construction industry throughout the last five years.
At present in Syunik region there are 27 mines operating with appropriate license provided by the Government. The biggest mines are utilized by Zangezour Copper Molybdenum Combine in Kajaran, which is followed by Kapan Ore Enrichment Combine and Agarak Copper Molybdenum Combine. The ZCMC operates mines, which have 8% of the worldwide molybdenum deposits. Currently investigated deposits of copper and molybdenum could be mined by ZCMC for another 200 years.
24 www.syunik.am
Syunik Development Strategy 52 Apart of these resources the region has significant resources of nonferrous and ferrous metals, such as molybdenum, copper, lead, iron, manganese etc concentrated in mines of Svarants, Erkatakar, Kajaran, Agarak, Dastakert, Aygedzor, Lichk as well as copper-pyrites mines of Kapan, gold mines of Shahumyan, Terterasar, Mardjan, Lichkvaz and Tey.
In addition to main metals, copper-molybdenum ores include also constituent elements that are of economic importance. More important among them are rhenium (in copper-molybdenum ores) and cadmium (in zinc contained ores). As constituent elements gold and silver are found in copper-molybdenum ores. Among non-metal fossil minerals marble and marble-made limestone (Kapan and Goris districts), basalt (Sisian district) and granite (Meghry district) are found. The mentioned minerals are used as facing stones. There are considerable resources of construction stones (basalt) in Goris and Sisian mines. Angeghakot and Artsvanik volcanic slag and Shaki sand-pebble mines are rich in construction fillers. Considerable resources of basalt are found in porifrite, diorite and diatomite mines of Giratagh (Kapan district), Meghry and Vorotan (Sisian district).
According to the most recent investigations conducted by specialized research institutions, at present there are many deposits of construction materials and other mineral resources in Syunik region as summarized in the Annex 1525:
Notwithstanding with such a significant resources, at present there are only 27 business units operating in mining sector of Syunik. Apart of the three key plants of ZCMC, ACMC and KOEP the more or less advanced enterprises are the followings:
Ö Shik Ltd (Construction stone extraction & processing) Ö Grand Marcos (Travertine extraction & processing) Ö Vible Ltd (Limestone) Ö Manarbi Ltd (Construction stone extraction & processing) Ö Sipan –1 Ltd (gold & silver mines)
Out of the five companies specified above four are active in stone extraction and processing. In this respect one should note that operations of these enterprises are based on the availability of raw materials in the region. However, during the
25 Scientific Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy
Syunik Development Strategy 53 interviews with some of the managers of those enterprises the Consultant found that the stone processing facilities in Syunik are equipped with rather simple and outdated technologies. As a result the value added in Syunik is rather limited. The modest investments of up to USD 500,000 into new processing technologies for one facility would be able to significantly increase value added, to secure production of 80,000 m2 of products annually and to provide up to 300 highly compensated new jobs.
Case Study: “Sipan – 1” Ltd
The company has the licenses provided by the Government of Armenia for extraction of mineral resources from Lichkvaz-Tey and Terterasar gold deposits located in Meghri district of Syunik region of Armenia. The total mineral resources concentrated in these two deposits are about 3.8 millions tons, with gold and silver concentration in Lichkvaz Tey at an average grade of 5.15g/t Au and 33.2 g/t Ag and in Terterasar at 10.42 g/t Au and 73.3 g/t Ag containing total 421,000 ounces of gold valued at current prices as more than USD 150 millions. The Company has already invested significant resources into concentration of appropriate technology in extraction process as well as construction of gold processing plant near the mines, equipped with contemporary gold processing technologies. Currently, the management of Sipan – 1 is considering additional investments for the expansion of production. Within the framework of the project the company targets reaching the level of annual extraction of mineral resources of 50,000 tons for the total amount of 400 kg of processed gold. For the implementation of project objectives the company will invest additional USD 500,000, will hire a total 80 persons staff, consisting primarily from local people and will annually pay total about USD 300,000 compensation.
The mining industry is a locomotive of the entire region. However, many niches of the entire industry, such as stones are underutilized. Based on the availability of resources as well as dynamically growing construction market the sector has significant investment potential, which has to be still properly utilized.
Syunik Development Strategy 54 Textiles
Textile and in general light industry sector was another developed field of Syunik economy before 1991. The leading textile enterprises of Syunik namely “Kapan Knitted Wear Factory” and “Sisian Knitted Wear Factory” were the industry leaders, while “Kapan Knitted Wear Factory” currently “Sona Tex” OJSC was one of the most advanced and well-equipped textile enterprises of Armenia. In late 80’s and early 90’s before collapse of FSU the company acquired and installed Swiss “Dubiet” knitting equipment with provided the company to produce significant volumes of high quality final products. The enterprise located in the center of Kapan had more than 1,000 employees and was supplier of garments allover FSU. “Kapan Knitted Wear Factory” as the entire industry of Syunik has suffered from FSU collapse. The management of the company has undertaken several efforts to develop sales. Specifically, the company has established contacts with various agents and has implemented several export projects to North America and Europe. Additionally, Sona Tex received about USD 500,000 loan from the credit facility of Lincy Foundation that was also directed on development of export sales. However, despite certain efforts and availability of high quality technologies the company runs at less than 10% of it’s capacities.
In this respect, one should note that despite availability of significant domestic market size, Armenian textile and garments sector has rather poor performance, which is due to the several key factors, including, but not limited to the followings:
Ö Inadequacy of production facilities and fixed costs planned in Soviet times to current output levels, resulting in higher cost of production Ö Weaker tax and customs discipline and approaches toward shuttle traders of Chinese, Turkish and other Asian products as compared to local producers Ö Lack of own design capability and understanding among almost all domestic manufacturers Ö Low brand awareness in domestic market for Armenian textile products
Another previously advanced textile enterprise is “Sisakan” CJSC former “Sisian Knitted Wear Plant”. The enterprise was not so well equipped like Kapan plant, however it had more than 1,000 persons employed and was considered as leading
Syunik Development Strategy 55 regional enterprise. In late 90’s the enterprise was privatized by US based “Garni Group Inc” a company, which also owns huge Maralik Spinning Factory located in Shirak region. Despite an investment from US entity, Maralik was rather more prioritized by the owners of the company as compared to Sisakan. Notwithstanding with the above mentioned, thanks to foreign investment the company in association with Maralik Spinning Factory was able to generate some export sales to North America and mainly USA. Nevertheless, the output level is again miserable as compared to capacities of plant.
In general the production summary for Syunik region for year 2003 was as follows26:
Table 12. Output Level (AMD Millions) Product Output % of Previous Year Yarn processing & products 116.6 42 Production of garments & furs 33.8 195
As summarized in the table, the total output of textile industry in Syunik in year 2003 was AMD 150.8 millions or approximately USD 268,000. However, even such a miserable volumes were not attributable to former industry leaders briefly summarized above but rather to “Zangezour Textiles” a company located in Goris. This company was not so famous previously as Kapan Knitted Wear Factory, however managed to get permanent contracts with ZCMC for supplies of wide range of products, including uniforms, bags and other textile materials. Zangezour Textiles unlike Sona Tex and Sisakan was ranked by Syunik authorities among top ten enterprises of the region. However, the relative success of this plant is also not sustainable since it depends exclusively on the relations with ZCMC.
Despite availability of well-maintained textile technologies in the region, the Consultant does not consider Syunik having significant competitive advantages in textile and does not consider this sector as a priority direction of economic development for marz, unless key enterprises summarized above are restructured resulting in significant decline of operational costs. Notwithstanding with the above mentioned, to promote the textile industry in Syunik, the Consultant recommends conducting additional research, including operational due diligence of targeted
26 Syunik Government
Syunik Development Strategy 56 enterprises and research of targeted markets, including specific niches in Armenia and export countries.
Infrastructures
Irrigation, gas supply and highways are key infrastructures in Syunik region that suffered a lot after the break down of the FSU and are currently serious impediment for the social-economic development of the region.
During FSU times Syunik region had about 15,000 hectares of irrigated agricultural lands. The last inventarization of regional agricultural lands indicated about 8,208 hectares as subject to irrigation. However, according to the assessment made by regional authorities at present 1,534 hectares only are being irrigated from centralized irrigational sources. In addition to these lands, approximately 3,000 hectares of agricultural lands were irrigated through other water sources.
Detailed summary of the inventarization of irrigated agricultural land structured by each district and each village is attached in the Annex 18 of this study.
Such a low level of agricultural lands irrigation is based on the several key reasons, including, but not limited to insufficient profitability of agricultural lands, far distance for main communities, location on inclined surfaces, small water demand by cereals, which are especially popular in Sisian district, lack of intercommunity irrigation network etc.
Summary of recommendations for improvement of the irrigation situation in Syunik structured by all districts is presented in the chapter of proposals and recommendations of this survey.
Since the break down of the FSU in the beginning of 90’s, out of the entire highway network of Syunik region, only 260 km of interstate highway was renovated. Caving, landslips, bombing and usage of heavy military machinery during the military conflicts damaged about 730 km of state, regional and community roads and highways. Damaged infrastructure has not been rehabilitated for many years and as a result became completely out of order. Some formerly existing highways are now just passable, but cannot be used for proper utilization of transportation means. Before 90’s the transportation of products to and from the region was for
Syunik Development Strategy 57 about 90% based on the railroad. At present, due to the absence of other transportation modalities, highway is the only transportation mode used in Syunik both for cargo and passengers.
Research and studies conducted by marz authorities revealed, that current poor situation of regional highway network has negative impact in terms of higher costs, on the competitiveness of products and especially agricultural goods produced in Syunik both for internal regional market and overall Armenian market.
For the improvement and rehabilitation of the overall highway network the regional authorities has to allocate around AMD 13 billions (USD 25 millions). Detailed summary of costs and timetable for the improvement of the highways is presented in the relevant section of proposals and recommendations as well as in the Annex 20 of the study. The map of Syunik roads and highways is attached in the Annex 19 of the study.
Before the break down of the FSU, Syunik region had 15,321 gas subscribers. The system of centralized gas supply especially for households was completely ruined since the beginning of 90’s in Syunik as well as in the entire country. At present, simultaneously with the process of gas supply rehabilitation carried throughout Armenia, the system is starting to develop in Syunik as well. Currently 7,930 households and 25 legal entities have gas supply either through rehabilitated pipelines or through newly constructed and installed networks. Starting from year 2003 gasification has covered Kajaran and nearby located Lernadzor village. The works in Kajaran will be finalized in year 2005, supplying permanent gas to approximately 2,000 new subscribers. Within the period of 2004-2006 gas re-supply to 7,000 subscribers in the region is planned. This will cover several communities, including Syunik, Geghi, Noravan, Angeghakot, Uyts, Shaki and other villages.
Out of the entire region, Meghri district is still absolutely non-gasified. The construction of Iran-Armenia gas pipeline could have facilitating potential for gasification of Meghri district and villages located near Kajaran. According to intergovernmental agreements between Armenia and Iran, Iranian side will be responsible for construction and installation of gas pipeline from Iran to Kajaran. The construction of this part of the pipeline has to be finalized till the beginning of year 2007.
Syunik Development Strategy 58 The extended gasification will lead to less forest cutting practices, since gas is significantly cheaper source than wood. Therefore, the gasification will be one of the key components in the entire process of forest rehabilitation in Syunik. Gasification will also have a positive influence on the development of various industries as well as development of social infrastructure through organization of relatively cheap heating of educational, health, administrative, cultural and other buildings.
Detailed map of gasification in Syunik region is summarized in the Annex 21 of the study.
Forest Management
As summarized on the next map, the Republic of Armenia has two relatively forested areas concentrated one in the Northern Armenia, including Tavoush and Lori regions and the second in Southern part of Syunik region. Moreover, as light green areas on the map show, the entire forested areas in Armenia have significantly reduced during the last few years.
Syunik Development Strategy 59 The total forest fund of the Syunik region is about 94,825 hectares, including 68,912 hectares covered by forests and 25,913 hectares covered by bushes27.
In addition to being one of the two forested areas in the region, the Southern Syunik, where the forest is concentrated is the area with many natural reserves and sanctuaries. At present the Syunik forest has the following protected zones:
a) Shikahogh Natural Reserve b) Boghakar sanctuary (currently planned to be transformed to National Reserve under the WWF “Leopard Protection Project” umbrella) c) “Sev Lich” (Black lake) sanctuary
27 Syunik Marzpetaran
Syunik Development Strategy 60 d) Goris sanctuary e) Plain three lane sanctuary, a unique territory covered by plain trees
In addition to these protected areas, at present within the framework of the mentioned WWF Leopard Protection Project the establishment of sanctuary near Shvanidzor village is already initiated.
Despite availability of several protection zones covering a significant part of the entire region the total forested area in Syunik region has significantly reduced. The process was especially fast since the break up of the FSU and the resulted economic and severe energy crisis. As a result of the lack of energy supply and specifically, gas, centralized heating and electricity people started to heavily use forest wood as almost only energy source. This was further transformed also into business supplying wood not only to Syunik, but also to other regions of Armenia. While in general, since late 90’s with the improvement of the energy situation in Armenia the forest cutting was significantly reduced a lot of people in Syunik, even in urban communities still use wood as a primary heating source.
The other reason for reduction of the forest areas in Syunik is related to the lack of financial resources to properly fund activities related to forest protection. Specifically, the protected forest areas should have relevant regularly compensated staff sufficient for monitoring of specified areas, transportation means and fuel, uniform and many other issues required for the minimum efforts for forest protection. All this kind of support was drastically reduced since the beginning of nineties. Fore instance, Kapan Forest Enterprise in FSU times has about 160 forest officers only, without consideration of other staff such as administrative, economic, drivers, productive etc. Now the total staff decreased to less than 30 people. Kapan forest enterprise was declared bankrupt having millions of AMD debts, including extensive unpaid salaries. Goris and Meghri regions are doing just a little better. These reasons simultaneously with the economic crisis had huge negative impact on the forest in Syunik region.
The legal and regulatory framework covering Armenian forests is consisting of the Forest Code and “National Forest Strategy”. These documents are of rather common nature and have declarative style. Moreover, forest related legislation as well as all the initiatives, policies and regulatory framework are based on the
Syunik Development Strategy 61 Soviet times principles and assumptions and does not address the challenges of the free market economy and specifically the current infrastructure situation in the region and particularly lack of gas supply and absence of centralized heating.
The major forest related projects and initiatives implemented in Syunik as elsewhere in Armenia are based on the basic assumptions developed in FSU times. Indeed, the last inventarization of the forest flora and fauna in Syunik was implemented in 1989. That was also the last time for definition of forest borders. As a result for the last 15 years all forest related activities, projects and initiatives are based on the assumptions with high error probability. Conducting an inventarization and assessment of the forest borders and resources will give answers to the following questions:
Which kind of resources are available in the forest What is the quantity of resources What is the maximum scope of the human activities that will not have very negative impact on the forest What is detailed action plan required for organization of forest maintenance, management and development
Recently southern Syunik area, specifically Kapan and Meghri districts were selected by UNESCO for the implementation of the “Demonstrating biodiversity conservation & socio-economic development of rural areas in Southern Armenia through the establishment of the first UNESCO biosphere reserve” project within the scope of the UNESCO MAB (Man and Biodiversity) Programme. The key objective of the project is to create a multi-sectoral platform for dialogue and cooperation between local authorities, civil society and the private sector to:
Develop innovative approaches to sustainable natural resource use, Raise awareness and increase capacities of various local stakeholders for conservation and sustainable use of natural resources, Increase efficiency of energy use and promote the use of alternative energy sources to decrease desertification caused by unsustainable logging, Promote community-based conservation to complement governmental efforts, Develop alternative livelihoods to reduce poverty
Syunik Development Strategy 62 For the selection of the area for the participation in MAB projects, many criteria, including socio-economic situation of specific area, population, land utilization, biodiversity, natural reserves and sanctuaries as well as health and educational systems were considered.
The project is part of a larger process in countries of Southern Caucasus aimed at the creation of biosphere reserves. These sites include areas of high conservation values, officially called “core areas”. To assure the long-term conservation of these core areas, biosphere reserves also take into account the needs of the surrounding communities in a holistic approach. “Buffer zones” serve for research and other limited activities, in the “transition” or “cooperation” areas the local population is actively involved in the management of available natural resources.
Forest in Syunik has a significant socio-economic role not only for Syunik region and Armenia, but also for the wider region, including extensive areas in Iran and Azerbaijan. The role of the forest could be summarized as follows:
Ö Securing proper and clean air, absorbing CO emissions Ö Creates esthetic atmosphere Ö Forms bio-locations Ö Support biodiversities Ö Protects soil from over evaporation and desertification Ö Contributes to establishment of soil layers
To protect and develop the forested areas of Syunik, the Marzpetaran along with the central government and especially the Ministry of Nature Protection has to elaborate an action plan, which has to be based on the very recent knowledge of the regional situation. As a result, the first activity targeted on the improvement of the forest should be detailed inventarization of the flora and fauna of the forest, which also will enable to assess the borders of the forest and how many cubic meters of trees are available. The action plan elaborated based on the inventarization will also provide detailed answers to key economic question, which is “what kind of forest resources, collected from which area at what time and in what quantity and frequency could be used by human being”.
Syunik Development Strategy 63 The economic impact of the proper forest management could be in various ways. For example, the medical plants project has capability to secure both revenues and new jobs in the region. The forested areas of Syunik are rich with more than 25 varieties of medical plants. Only collection of plants could provide for hundred of seasonal jobs. Additionally, the establishment of national parks in unique zones, such as plain-tree lane, will facilitate eco-tourism development in those areas.
Health & Education
The health system of the region includes 27 organizations, including 22 closed joint stock companies reporting directly to the Marzpetaran. The other five organizations are private entities. These organizations are primarily responsible for organization and implementation of the medical service and medical support to population of the region.The system employs total 280 doctors and 681 support medical staff, mainly nurses. Notwithstanding the current number of professional medical staff, at present the region has a need for additional 60 doctors for various specialties. The total number of beds in stationary hospitals is 710. The number of doctors and nurses per 10,000 of population is correspondingly equal to 19 and 45.
Within the framework of the State guaranteed medical support and service system in 2003 hospitals and dispensers of Syunik region have free of charge treated total 6,826 persons. The number of visits to policlinics and ambulatory institutions reached to 347,397. The total budget allocations to health system in year 2003 were AMD 506.8 millions. Additionally, 789 persons from Syunik applied to paid medical services and support, plus 25,818 paid visits were registered in policlinics and ambulatory institutions. One of the positive achievements in the region is related with the births of new children. During the recent years no mother deaths were registered in Syunik. The surplus of births over deaths in the region in the period of 2001 – 2003 was correspondingly 385,405 and 577 persons.
As of September 1, 2003 118 general education and 4 specialized schools under Marzpetaran authority had 1,440 classes with total number of pupils reaching 22,788. The total number of teachers was 2,917. As of January 1, 2004 the region had 1,410 classes with 22,542 pupils. According to preliminary information for year 2004 now there are 1,386 classes with 22,000 pupils and 2,782 teachers, where 75% of teachers are women and around 87% of all teachers have higher education, while
Syunik Development Strategy 64 about 64% have higher pedagogical education. The region has also secondary educational institutions under state authority. These institutions have 325 pupils and total 60 teachers. Out of all regional schools 18 have Internet access mainly sponsored by the “Project Harmony” organization.
Total 112 teachers have gone to teach in border area schools of Syunik. Out of the total number of these teachers only 56 have specialized teaching education. However, in many border area located schools especially in mountainous areas of Kapan and Meghri districts there are numerous educational subjects that are taught by non-specialized teachers. Moreover, there are total 88 teachers without university degree who have secondary education only. These indicators cannot secure proper education for all pupils in those areas. Many schools in border and mountainous areas experiencing problems with qualified teaching staff might be closed, moreover, the problems related with the lack of educational opportunities force many people to leave these areas, since giving proper education to children is one of the key attributes of Armenian families.
As compared with the previous year, within the framework of the educational optimization project 358 teachers in Syunik lost their jobs. Moreover, starting from January 2004 the educational rate was lifted from 20 to 22 hours, leading to cutting 200 more teachers’ jobs in the region.
In year 2004 the State budget allocated AMD 654 millions, which will be directed on rehabilitation on 24 schools and construction of localized heating systems for some other schools. Taking into consideration the strategic importance of the region, the Government Decree N. 1043 dated by August 21, 2003 declared the financing of the 21 schools in Syunik region independent on the number of pupils studying. At present in Syunik 27 schools are financed based on the number of pupils studying, 60 schools are financed regardless of the number of pupils studying, 31 are financed directly from the state budget and 4 schools are included in various projects.
Despite a significant improvements registered in Armenia with securing modernization of the furniture in schools, schools in Syunik region still have problems with lack of tables and chairs, sports equipment, laboratory instruments, security systems etc. The border and mountainous area schools as was discussed have also significant problems related to the lack of the qualified teachers.
Syunik Development Strategy 65 Urban Construction
In year 2003 capital construction for total value of AMD 6,938.9 millions (approximately USD 13.3 millions) was implemented in Syunik, including construction of industrial facilities for AMD 6,773 millions or 97.6%.
Marzpetaran using resources provided from reserve fund of 2003 State Budget has financed rehabilitation of 6 schools for the total value of AMD 49.75 millions. Another AMD 46.9 millions was spent by the Ministry of Urban Construction of Armenia to implement the construction of school in Nerkin Khndzoresk village of Goris district, while the Ministry of Education financed AMD 13.9 millions for the rehabilitation of educational complex N.3 in Kapan. In year 2004 the total amount of AMD 654 millions (approximately USD 1.25 millions) will be directed on construction and reconstruction of schools in Syunik region. This amount is about 5- 6 times bigger than the average amount of spending on schools registered for the last several years.
The construction and re-construction activities envisaged for the implementation of “Hydro Power Facilities on Vorotan River” project for the total value of AMD 1,546 millions (about USD 2.97 millions) are fully accomplished and facilities are now passed for utilization.
International organizations have implemented construction activities for the total value of AMD 610.5 millions (USD 1.17 millions) in various communities of Syunik region, including irrigational projects for the total value of AMD 416.5 millions, reconstruction of kindergartens for the total amount of AMD 74.7 millions, construction in public health sector for the total value of AMD 34.6 millions.
Within the framework of the “Primary provision of apartments as compensation for homeless people, the victims of bombing and other military activities” programme AMD 52.3 millions were dedicated from 2003 State Budget to secure apartments for 32 families.
AMD 876.9 millions was spent in various highway construction and reconstruction projects implemented in Syunik region. In current year the following construction and reconstruction activities are planned (AMD millions):
Syunik Development Strategy 66 Ö Renovation of flat roofs of multistoried buildings in Kapan - 40 Ö Renovation of gym school in Kapan - 20 Ö Renovation of Goris theater building - 18 Ö Complete renovation of Sisian kindergarten N.4 - 10 Ö Complete renovation of Sisian culture house - 20 Ö Construction of storm water removals in Goris - 55 Ö Renovation of “Zvari” purification station in Meghri - 63 Ö Asphalting works - 61.5 Ö Other projects - 154
During the next one-two years the region has to solve several construction projects, whose implementation have been many times postponed. Among these projects the key initiatives are the followings:
Construction of schools in Khoznavar, Egheg, Lichk, Salvard, Aravus, Norashenik, Vardanidzor and Ltsen villages – AMD 1,115 millions; “Primary provision of apartments as compensation for homeless people, the victims of bombing and other military activities” - AMD 511 millions; Construction of “Double Spring – Mukhuturyan” waterline – AMD 475 millions; Rehabilitation of drinking water internal networks in Kapan, Goris, Meghri and Kajaran – AMD 2,110 millions; Renovation of multi apartment buildings, including rehabilitation of roofs, elevators, internal infrastructure etc – AMD 580 millions Provision of homes for population of Lernadzor village inhabited in wood cottages – AMD 200 millions; Provision of homes for the population inhabited in buildings marked as having damages of third category – AMD 240 millions; Anti landslip activities throughout region, rehabilitation of results of lansslips and landslides in Syunik – AMD 993 millions; Renovation of educational institutions – AMD 873 millions; Renovation of cultural institutions – AMD 546 millions
At present the urban construction sector employs around 2,000 persons. The anticipated construction activities will contribute to the establishment of hundreds of new jobs for blue collars, technical and engineering staff and construction specialists.
Syunik Development Strategy 67 4. Development Strategies & Recommendations
Proposed Structure of Marz Economy
As was summarized in the beginning of the study currently the joint industrial and agricultural output of the Syunik region along with the services rendered to population according to the official data is equal to about AMD 84.1 billions (approximately USD 153 Millions). The total output has the following structure as summarized on the next graph:
Figure 20. Structure of Syunik Economy
3% 4%
Mining
40% Manufacturing Electricity Agriculture Food Processing 46% Services
1% 6%
Gross agricultural output of Syunik has the biggest share of 46% followed by the mining industry. Manufacturing of all products, except of food processing has the miserable share of about 1% in the total pie.
Based on the brief analysis of various segments of economy summarized in this study as well as numerous interviews with the relevant stakeholders, the Consultant made the following estimation of a mid term (period of about three to five years) fluctuations in the structure of the marz economy.
Although the sectors of copper and molybdenum production of the mining industry were not analyzed in this study due to their comparably positive performance, the Consultant paid meetings to key stakeholders representing the field of metal-based
Syunik Development Strategy 68 mineral resources. Based on the conservative assumptions and the privatization plans of the Government within the observed period of 3 – 5 years the output of ZCMC, ACMC and KOEP will increase by about 20% and will reach to approximately AMD 50 billions.
The electricity production based on the currently initiated projects summarized in this study is also estimated to grow by about 200 millions of kWh or by 15% in physical volume. However, as a result of the expected increase of purchasing price of electricity generated by renewable energy sources, such as HPPs to USD 0.035 per kWh paid to both current hydro pants and new private HPPs the anticipated growth in monetary terms will be significant and the total output will reach to about AMD 25 billions.
Mining sector representing other than the three plants discussed in year 2003 has experienced almost 100% growth. Additional investments into gold mines of Terterasar and Lichkvaz Tey, as well as investments into other mining projects specified in the study according to conservative approaches could generate additional USD 5 millions or AMD 2.75 billions annually.
Food processing sector as well as agricultural output is expected to grow along the growth rates projected for country GDP. According to the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)28 forecasts elaborated by international team of Consultants (sponsored by The World Bank, IMF, UNDP, DFID, Government of the Netherlands, Government of Germany) Armenian GDP during the coming three years will be growing with the average annual growth rate of 6%, reaching more than 19% growth for the entire period of three years. As a result, food processing and agriculture are also expected to grow by about 19% correspondingly.
The other industries, including textile, chemistry, shoes production, equipment & machinery, resin & plastics and other manufacturing have very low potential of growth and will have the steady output on the level of the current production volume in the observed perspective.
The biggest share in the services rendered to population belongs to public services, communication and banking. The tourism sector has no contribution to the service field. While the Consultant envisages growth of tourism sector, as well as other
28 PRSP, 2003
Syunik Development Strategy 69 components of gross services, such as banking and transportation, conservatively the service sector is assumed to be growing along GDP growth rates i.e. 19% in three years perspective. This should be also supported by the SME owned and managed services, such as auto services, taxi, laundry, barber shops, small construction and renovation offices, various deliveries etc that are now widely adopted in Yerevan and generate significant aggregate revenues.
As a result, based on the above mentioned estimations and in case of promotion of investments in the attractive sectors in the mid term perspective of about three to five years the total gross industrial and agricultural output of Syunik region might experience total about 44% growth and increase to about AMD 121.9 billions (approximately USD 220 millions).
The forecasted structure of the marz economy would be as follows:
Figure 21. Proposed Structure of Marz Economy
2% 2%3%
Mining 33% Manufacturing Electricity Agriculture 38% Food Processing Services 1% Other mining
21%
As summarized on the graph, despite an anticipated active investment promotion process in the attractive sectors of the Syunik economy, due to forecasted increase of production by three leading mining enterprises of Kajaran, Agarak and Kapan the mining sector (copper and molybdenum) will still maintain it’s current high share in the output of Syunik at the level of 33% (although decreased from current 40%). The entire economy, almost 100% of gross output will be still depending on mining, agriculture, energy, services and food processing sectors. Notwithstanding
Syunik Development Strategy 70 the above mentioned, promotion of investments in the attractive sectors and general improvement of the business environment can allow to increase industrial and agricultural output of the region by about 40 - 45% in the three to five years perspective and will contribute to the establishment of thousands of new workplaces.
In the entire economy of the region the following sectors based on the growth rates and opportunities has to be prioritized:
High Priority
Metal Mineral Resources
Non-Metal Mineral Resources
Hydropower Generation
SME Owned Services & Tourism
Low Priority
Stockbreeding
Food Processing
Investment Needs & Opportunities
In this section the Consultant avoided estimation of investments required in the improvement of the general infrastructure in Syunik or the social sectors like health, education, culture etc. On the other hand the Consultant concentrated on the sectors of economy with attractive investment opportunities, such as the followings:
Table 13. Summary of Sectoral Investment Opportunities Sector Description of Investment Opportunities Investment Size New Metal There are underutilized mines of gold An initial investment of Mining and other metals in various areas of approximately USD 0.5
Syunik Development Strategy 71 Syunik as was summarized in the millions for the relevant chapter of this study. organization of extraction from single mine is required Non Metal There are underutilized deposits of Approximately USD 0.3 Mining basalt, granite, travertine, limestone, – 0.5 millions is required gypsum and other construction materials to set up production in various areas of Syunik as was based on the one stone summarized in the relevant chapter of processing line this study. Hydro Power At present there are potential 59 In average, depending Generation hydropower plant projects in Syunik on the exact location and region that can secure production of 77.4 water flow about USD MW of energy or 273 millions of kWh in 0.6 – 1 millions is mid term perspective. required for generation of 1 MW of energy. In total USD 40 to 80 millions can be efficiently absorbed by energy sector of Syunik economy Tourism For the promotion of tourism in the For the estimation of the numerous attractive areas of Syunik in total investments addition to rehabilitation of roads there required by is a need to significantly improve accommodation business quantity and quality of lodging. This the Consultant proposes should be accomplished via renovation of conducting additional currently existing hotels and other tourism sector similar premises as well as through development project. construction of new facilities. The current study shown that approximately USD 328,000 is required for renovation of currently existing operable hotel facilities. Leather Syunik, especially Sisian district has The assessment of the
Syunik Development Strategy 72 significant output in skins that are scope and the size of further sold unprocessed outside of the investments required in region. To increase the value added in this specific field have to Syunik, an investment in tannery has to be based on the be considered. additional pre-feasibility study.
Proposals & Recommendations
This section is elaborated with the main objective to develop proposals and recommendations for the improvement of the situation with key problems and constraints existing in the region as well as to promote promising fields of economy and specific investment projects. The main recommendations are structured in the following matrix, highlighting terms of implementation and responsible authority. Text following the matrix gives detailed explanations of each recommendation. The background for each recommendation is summarized in Chapter 3 “Assessment of Economic Resources & Potential” of this study.
Syunik Development Strategy 73 Table 14. Summary of Recommendations
Short Term Mid Term Long Term (1- 3 years) (3 – 5 years) (5 – 10 years) Local authorities Improvement of Diversification of Industry Rehabilitation of Marz entrepreneurial & through promotion of SME infrastructures management skills Improvement of information Re-opening of airport Elimination of administrative access barriers Improvement of the Promotion of hydropower communication & feedback sector among community leaders & international organizations Promotion of mining sector Increase of cattle productivity Administration of official web site of Syunik Marz Improvement of forest management Attraction of renown investors Improvement of Medical Services Conducting investor conferences Central authorities Elimination of administrative Improvement of information Promotion of population barriers access movement to rural and
Syunik Development Strategy 74 especially border areas Set up of downstream productions integrated with Rehabilitation of Marz ZCMP infrastructures
Improvement of forest management Private business Improvement of Set up of downstream entrepreneurial & productions integrated with management skills ZCMP
Promotion of hydropower sector Promotion of mining sector International community Improvement of Improvement of the entrepreneurial & communication & feedback management skills among community leaders & international organizations Administration of official web site of Syunik Marz Improvement of forest management Institutional strengthening of Syunik business centers
Institutional strengthening of business centers
Syunik Development Strategy 75 Improvement of Entrepreneurial & Management Skills
Lack of entrepreneurial skills inherited from the FSU times was mentioned among the key problems for SME development in Syunik region. For the improvement of the situation there is an urgent need for the organization of training activities on both specialist and executive levels on the wide range of topics, including but not limited to management, marketing, entrepreneurship, finance & accounting, business planning etc. While the initiative with the improvement of the situation has to belong to regional government, to secure efficient transfer of the knowledge the international community has to properly respond with the organization and conducting of purposeful, targeted training activities. While the role of international organizations has to be leading in this field, domestic organizations and NGO’s has also to be properly coordinated to reach the project objectives. In addition to the business development trainings, there is a need for the intensive education in other aspects, like business advocacy, democracy and civil society, NGO establishment and management as well as in regular seminars and conferences dedicated to field of interest. In the organization of training activities it is important to secure joint participation of regional government members and SME’s. The joint participation in such events will not only contribute to the establishment of dialogue between SME’s and government, but also will facilitate the management of the dialog on the horizontal, equal basis, which will promote an efficient discussion and at least promotion of the problems to key decision makers. The current status of training programs, especially those implemented by international organizations is quite weak in Syunik. Indeed, most of the programs implemented within the scope of the technical assistance initiatives are concentrated in Yerevan, while a few projects only are done in far regions. At present the main international projects running in Syunik are targeting social improvement issues, while upgrading of business skills is rather underestimated:
- UN WFP (food) - UNHCR (housing assistance for refugees) - CRF (social assistance) - GTZ (Food security project, communities support and training) - World Vision (credit facility) - SEF (Credit facility)
Syunik Development Strategy 76 - IFES (election system) - Save the Children (social assistance) - OXFAM (credit facility) - UMCOR (credit facility)
The above-mentioned projects are summarized in the Annex 16.
The given task was summarized in the recommendations matrix as a short-term activity to be implemented within one to three years time frame, by local authorities, local private business and international technical assistance initiatives. The Consultant believes that the initiative has to be made by Marzpetaran, who is expected to elaborate a brief concept paper outlining the current business and especially SME situation in the region, constraints related with the lack of entrepreneurial and general business skills and areas of advise required. The request should be properly circulated among all donors active in the country, including but not limited to the World Bank, USAID, UN and EU programs. The business community of Syunik, which will be the key beneficiary of this initiative, on the other hand must make a commitment to properly choose and participate in all training programs, specially designed for them.
Elimination of the Administrative Barriers
Despite underdeveloped business environment and weak economic status in the Syunik, many regional SME’s as was discussed in the relevant chapter of the study are frequently facing numerous administrative / red tape barriers that are not in place in Yerevan. Probably the poorest situation in Syunik is in Kapan. SME’s in Kapan need to cope with both marz and community authorities. As a result, they spend double efforts and resources to overcome constraints established by authorities. In this respect, the Consultant emphasizes the need to secure that SME’s are reporting to one authority only. The control and inspection nature interaction of marz authorities with SME’s has to be minimized. Additionally there is a need to conduct a campaign among regional SME’s educating them about the governance structure in the region, roles and responsibilities of marz and community authorities, SME rights and advocacy. These activities will be helping to solve another problem, which is unique for Syunik. As was summarized earlier, as a result of the lack of knowledge and behavior inherited from FSU times, SME’s in Syunik are often facing problems with number of authorities other than tax service,
Syunik Development Strategy 77 which along with the Customs are considered as a key administrative constraint in Yerevan. This is one of the crucial problems in the region. The central government as well as Marzpetaran must spend certain efforts targeted on the limitation of interaction between the above-mentioned authorities and SME’s. In this respect the Central Government also needs to take an active role, which sometimes might require also punishment actions toward misbehaved authorities.
The recommendation was outlined in the matrix among short-term activities to be implemented by local and central authorities. However, the key role belongs to the local government. It has to undertake several specific activities. First of all the local government in cooperation with communities of Kapan, Sisian, Goris and Meghri should organize meetings with local SMEs to establish proper feedback about the business related problems and constraints. Second, Marzpetaran has to promote internal discussion of raised topics with community leaders. Third, the business environment and SMEs should be given structure of Marz government with key roles and responsibilities of marz authorities and community authorities. The separation of these two authorities should be clearly highlighted. Finally, Marzpetaran has to undertake proper actions, first to minimize the double authority and second, to minimize interaction of SMEs with non business related authorities.
The local government in its turn should have a monitoring role, with the proper interventions if the evidence of over interaction between business and authorities continues.
Diversification of the Industry through Promotion of SME’s
As was summarized in the chapter of problems and constraints, one of the key threats to the economy of Syunik is strong dependence on the mining industry and especially ZCMC. In this respect both the central government and marz authorities need to undertake specific steps toward diversification of the structure of the economy of Syunik. One of the most effective approaches to diversification of the structure of the industry is promotion of local SME’s. Indeed, development of SME sector in Syunik will lead to development of other spheres, specifically food processing, services, crafts etc. However the promotion of SME sector is a complex issue to be coordinated and implemented by central and regional government, international community and NGOs. The key elements for SME promotion in
Syunik Development Strategy 78 Syunik are tackling administrative barriers, business skills upgrading and establishment of the proper financial environment to support SMEs in introductory and growth stages.
In the recommendations matrix this particular issue was specified as the mid term (3 – 5 years perspective) activity under the responsibility of Syunik government. While the task requires concentration of multiple efforts and complex approaches, the key elements for SME development are the followings:
i) Facilitation of SME start ups via proper enforcement of liberal registration and licensing procedures ii) Protection of SMEs from various administrative barriers iii) Attraction of SME funding institutions to the region
Promotion of Population Movement to Rural and Especially Border Areas
The problem has two conceptual bases both economic and geopolitical. The Republic of Armenia has borders with Turkey, Georgia, Iran and Azerbaijan. Syunik region is forming borders with latter two countries. Therefore there is a strategic importance for keeping the region and specifically border areas populated. The priority and initiative in solving this national security challenge has to belong to Central government. On one hand the Government should mobilize resources for establishment of attractive infrastructure in border areas and for provision of assistance for re-location of people in these areas. The targeted group of people for re-location has to be former refugees, who still do not have permanent homes as well as other socially vulnerable groups inhabiting in other areas. While direct financial assistance is important to attract socially unsecured people, establishment and introduction of special business promotion legal and regulatory initiatives could be a momentum for development of businesses and especially agriculture.
Along with the problem of populating border areas, the regional government has to pay special attention to population of other rural areas of the region. The region has extensive lands that could be utilized for agricultural purposes. However, as a result of the lack of population in rural areas many territories remain still underutilized. On the other hand there is a significant jobless population in urban communities of Syunik. Therefore, the local Government has the challenging task to
Syunik Development Strategy 79 promote relocation of part of the population to rural areas. Indeed, in the mid or even long term number of industrial facilities that provided for thousands of jobs in FSU times will not operate at all or will not operate on the same level. Therefore the problem of unemployment even with the development of the industry in Syunik will be still in place. Since both the local and central governments have shortage of resources to provide direct incentives for relocation of population into rural areas other mechanisms of non-financial incentives has to be elaborated. Those could be tax incentives or provision of free of charge land and partially infrastructure.
The task in the recommendations matrix is specified as long-term (5 – 10 years) activity under the responsibility of the Central government with the specific contribution also from the marz authorities. In particular the following activities are envisaged:
i) Conducting surveys among population about the potential movement to border areas (Marz) ii) Elaboration of the comprehensive border area development program (Central government) iii) Improvement of border area infrastructures, including highways, utilities, communication, health, education and other public services iv) Introduction of incentives for removal to the border areas, including consideration of tax incentives, water and energy usage subsidies, provision of free of charge lands etc
Promotion of Hydro Power Generation Business
Promotion of Hydro Power business as was summarized in the appropriate chapter of this study could have quite extensive, tangible and quick influence on the overall economy of the region. There are two approaches to promotion of the sector. Since the sector is really promising and expected to be fast growing, the elimination of administrative and other red tape barriers only will be really a significant step toward promotion of the business. The second, more proactive approach would be promotion of the sector among potential investors. As a promotional tool the local government could use several initiatives such as more focused activities, including publishing of brochure on the project opportunities and distribution among potentially interested partners in Armenia and abroad, organization of the
Syunik Development Strategy 80 investment conference in Yerevan among potentially interested investors or more general instruments such as summary of the project opportunities published in popular newspaper.
Promotion of Mining Business
As was summarized in the study, Syunik has significant resources of mineral materials, including various metal and stone deposits. While metal deposits are properly utilized, vast stone deposits still remain mostly underutilized. To follow up attraction of investments in this sector Marzpetaran has to undertake several promotional activities including but not limited to followings:
i) Conducting additional research and identification of precise structure and volume of mineral resource deposits and their break down per each mine;
ii) Elaboration of kind of short list of most efficient mines and contacts to specialized mining companies and profile investors;
iii) Organization and implementation of wide and narrow focused promotional activities, such as development and launching of specialized web site on Syunik mining resources; publishing of brochure and distribution among potential investors and organization of specific investors conference in Yerevan, highlighting all the opportunities available in Syunik mining field.
Administration of Official Web Site of Syunik Region
At present there is web site of Syunik region at www.syunik.am. The project was sponsored by Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the US Department of State and is administered by International Research and Exchange Board (IREX). The communities of Sisian, Goris and Meghri also have their own web sites. While the sites give some basic background on the history, geography, economics, health, education, science, culture, tourism, environment protection, communities and government there is a need for more professional and regularly administered and updated Internet resource, which can be used to generate revenues in the marz. The proposed web site should be more business oriented and targeted on promotion of
Syunik Development Strategy 81 investments to region, sales of products produced in Syunik, attraction of tourists etc.
Attraction of Renown Investor
The worldwide investment promotion experience, especially the last third generation of targeted investment promotion mechanisms prioritizes attraction of investments financed by transnational corporations, which further becomes kind of “green light” for other investors. Transferring the same approach to Syunik, there is a need for promotion of investments from Armenian so called “oligarchs”. The investments made by these businesses will be really important, since first, their experience will attract other investors and second, Armenian oligarchs have quite extensive and diversified range of businesses. As a result, successful investment in one direction can generate adequate investments in other fields. Moreover, since there is a kind of competition among local oligarchs, the investment made by one group, will be a facilitator for the investments by the others. The promotion of investments made by the mentioned investors requires narrow focused and top- level actions, primarily personal meetings and brief presentation of the Governor and Chiefs of Kapan, Meghri, Goris and Sisian communities with local oligarchs, such as SIL Group, Multi Group, MAX Group, X Group, Mika Limited, Valletta Ltd etc.
The investments made by these diversified business groups will lead to numerous positive accomplishments, such as the followings:
i) Creation of new jobs and thus contributing to the improvement of worst social indicator in the region ii) Contribution to the improvement of general infrastructure, through implementation of specific focused projects iii) Improvement of labor knowledge and skills, via on job training programs iv) Contribution to the improvement of general business environment in the region through strong position of oligarchs to conduct dialog with various authorities and with passing the similar behavior to regional businesses
Syunik Development Strategy 82 General Investment Conference
In addition to targeted investment attraction activities, such as investment seminars and publishing of materials related to hydropower and mining sectors and top level discussions with potential investors recommended in this chapter the Government of Syunik region with the assistance of central Government and international technical assistance initiatives has to undertake more general, widely focused PR activities, that might not have quick tangible effect, but will contribute to publicity of the region in general. As one of the effective instruments the Government of Syunik can consider organization of Investment Conference in Yerevan, with the participation of the Governor, key members of the central Government, leaders of international technical assistance initiatives, international organizations and international financial organizations, local banks, professional services, investors, industry members, professional associations, NGOs and other potentially interested parties.
The expected results from the conference could be improvement of the general publicity of the region, first step in attraction of Armenian businesses and specifically oligarchs to make investments into region, might be interesting in attracting the interest from diaspora representatives located in Yerevan at that specific time, international donors trying to follow up conference with targeted program, NGOs etc.
Improvement of Information Access
In the chapter devoted to identification of problems and constraints the Consultant has emphasized the problem of lack of information access. This is the global problem, which has several partial solutions, such as extension of Internet access in Syunik, promotion of several FM radio channels etc. This approach is very important for the general improvement of information access among the population of Syunik. On the other hand there is a need for the improvement of specific information access among segments, which are involved in the process of social- economic development of the region. Those targeted segments include middle level Marzpetaran and municipality authorities, urban and rural community leaders, representatives of the regional business and NGO community. These people need primary information. Therefore, Marzpetaran and communities of Kapan, Kajaran,
Syunik Development Strategy 83 Meghri, Goris and Sisian has to promote participation of those targeted groups in various events conducted and/or organized by central government and /or international organizations and technical assistance initiatives. The participation has two ways. First, the Marzpetaran can coordinate with relevant central government authorities (such as Tax Inspectorate, Ministry of Justice and other institutions where people need update of information) and international organizations their visits to Syunik region and conducting relevant seminars and information sharing with relevant, interested stakeholders. The other approach is promotion of visits of representatives of Syunik to the similar events conducted in Yerevan or other marzes. The extensive participation of Syunik representatives in similar events would not only contribute to the improvement of their knowledge and information, but also will influence the view of these people on the challenging processes in the country and globally as well as contribute to establishment of leadership characteristics among the targeted groups.
Improvement of the Communication & Feedback among Community Leaders & International Organizations
The problem and the relevant solution are partially related to the above-mentioned recommendation on the improvement of information access. On the other hand, a part of the lack of information there is another problem. Usually in most of the rural communities of Syunik region people are directly elected as a community leaders not as a result of their positive characteristics or leadership skills, but rather quantity of relatives in the community. As a result, often, elected leaders do not have leadership characteristics or elementary knowledge and skills to find out information about the project opportunities available for their communities, to be involved and to benefit from those projects. The regional government, of course could not either directly or indirectly intervene in community elections, however Marzpetaran has to spend certain efforts to educate people about the role, responsibility and the capacity of community leaders and the impact of their correct and efficient choice.
In this particular initiative Marzpetaran could also ask for the assistance of specialized international institutions, like ISEF and local NGO’s committed to the improvement of electoral processes in Armenia.
Syunik Development Strategy 84 Set up of downstream productions integrated with ZCMP and other mining enterprises
The worldwide-adopted strategies for efficient utilization of mineral resources are based on the incorporation of downstream production with the mining. Following the exploitation of the mine, the extracted concentrates are further processed in metallurgical facilities. This creates a vertically integrated industrial structure, where the final product could be in the simplest approach the raw concentrate or could go as far as production of metal based products, such as copper wires etc. The further enterprise goes with the vertical integration the more is the local value added.
At present the mining industry in Syunik and specifically the biggest plant of ZCMC are involved in rather simple low value added industrial process, based on the sales of concentrate.
To increase the regional and correspondingly overall Armenian value added related with this business the Government of Armenia, following the announcement of invitation for bids for ZCMC should pay special attention to the future plans of the potential investors in regard of the vertical integration of production.
The introduction of the metallurgical facility will have several key advantages for both the owners of facility and regions, such as extended revenues and profits of the plant with consequent tax payments to budget, higher value added, availability of metallurgical facility for other mining enterprises, including ACMC and KOEP, new jobs for hundreds of people in the region etc.
Notwithstanding with the above mentioned, one should note that the vertical integration is efficient strategy for mining enterprises in general. However, the assessment of the efficiency for specific enterprise, in this case ZCMC should be based on the detailed feasibility study, which will outline many factors such as degree of vertical integration, investment needs, technical and technological needs, markets, organizational inputs, finance etc.
Syunik Development Strategy 85 Rehabilitation of marz infrastructures
Rehabilitation of regional infrastructures is crucial for social economic development of Syunik. The key recommendations for the improvement of infrastructures cover irrigation, gasification and roads.
In terms of irrigation the main activities structured per district are as follows:
Sisian District
To secure irrigation of about 5,570 hectares of agricultural lands, including 4,330 hectares of newly cultivated lands in Sisian, Angeghakot, Shake, Ishkhanasar, Uyts, Noravan, Aghitu and Vaghatni communities there is a need to pump water from Spandarian reservoir through special pressure tunnels at the rate of 2,500 liters per second. The total length of the waterline will be around 14 km. The estimated cost of the project is USD 7.4 millions.
The construction and engineering works on this project started in 1989-90. However, as a result of the break down of the FSU and lack of centralized financing the project was ceased. Current studies and investigations show that out of the entire task 840 linear meters of d =1020 mm metal pipeline is already installed. Additionally, earth-moving works for a 4 km are also completed for the total value of about USD 110,000.
The other important irrigation project to be accomplished in Sisian district is creation of waterline connecting Arevis, Tanahat, Tasik, Hatsavan and Ashotavan communities. This project will secure irrigation by gravity flow method rather than currently existing, more expensive pumping approach
Goris District
In Goris district the primary irrigation needs, include construction of new irrigation waterlines in Tegh and Kornidzor villages and reconstruction of several existing irrigation systems.
Kapan District
Syunik Development Strategy 86 The main irrigation projects needed to be accomplished in Kapan district are as follows:
Table 15. Summary of Irrigation Projects in Kapan Community Description Cost (AMD Millions) Eghvard Construction of 8 km, 100 mm 60 pipeline for in-community network Verin Gyodaklu Construction of 1,000 m3 of reservoir 20 for irrigation of 7hectares Uzhanis Rehabilitation of 3 km, 100 mm 23 pipeline for in-community network Davit Bek, Uzhanis, Construction of reservoir 1,450 Eghvard, Agarak, Khdrants Tsav, Srashen Construction of gravity flow water 200 lanes, 7 km, 300 mm Srashen Rehabilitation of 5km, 100 mm 38 pipeline for in-community network Shikahogh Rehabilitation of 0.5km, 300 mm 60 water lane, plus rehabilitation of 7km, 100 mm pipeline for in- community network Khalaj Construction of 5 km, 100 mm water 38 lane Khdrants Construction of 2 km, 100 mm 3 pipeline for in-community network Artsvanik Construction of 7 km, 300 mm water 170 lane Agarak Construction of 8 km, 100 mm 60 pipeline for in-community network Syunik Rehabilitation of water holes of 15 Syunik reservoir Total 2,137
Syunik Development Strategy 87 Meghri District
The main irrigational project designed in Meghri district is construction of water line connecting Vardanidzor, Aldara, Shvanidzor and Nyuvadi communities. The total cost of the project is AMD 1.2 billions. The Government Decree N. 417 dated in 2000 envisaged the implementation of the project. At present construction and engineering works for AMD 20 millions only are implemented.
The other important infrastructure project is extended gasification of Syunik region. Gasification will not only improve social conditions in the region, but also will contribute to significant improvement of environmental issues, primarily promoting less forest cutting practices and second will be facilitator of economic development as more reliable and cheaper energy source.
As a result of the extensive gasification process conducted during the last few years by ArmRosGazProm, at present the number of gas subscribers in Syunik reached 52% of the FSU users. The construction of the gas pipeline Iran Armenia, passing through the territory of Syunik, will further facilitate the gasification of Syunik and especially communities around Meghri and Kajaran.
Rehabilitation of highways is another extremely important infrastructure project in Syunik. The importance of the highways as well as detailed summary of schedule of key road rehabilitation projects was described correspondingly in the relevant chapter of this study as well as in Annexes 19 and 20. The summary of key rehabilitation needs is as follows:
Table 16. Summary of Road Rehabilitation Projects District Total Distance (km) Cost (AMD Millions) Kapan 157.6 3,278.8 Goris 138.1 2,949.2 Sisian 112 2,381.3 Meghri 64 4,076.6 Total 471.7 12,685.9
Syunik Development Strategy 88 As summarized in the above table, Syunik region needs total more than 470 km of roads to be rehabilitated for the total cost of about USD 24 millions.
Increase of cattle productivity
As was summarized in the relevant chapter of this study, while Syunik region has plenty of cattle the quantity of milk produced is very limited. The basic reason for such a poor situation is that the average daily productivity of one cow in Syunik is about 5 liters of milk, as compared with the daily average of 15 liters in Eastern Europe, more than 20 liters in Western Europe and about 25 liters in Japan. The situation with insufficient milk productivity is not unique for Syunik, but is rather common for the entire Armenia.
The problem has to be analyzed from the strategic point of view. Following the privatization of agricultural assets in the beginning of nineties, the former relatively big agricultural enterprises became separated in many small farms. Each farm owner is managing his stock as he is capable to manage. Therefore, there is no strategy for livestock breeding. The owners of cattle and/or sheep do not have clear objective which kind of output does they prioritize milk, meat, wool etc.
The first issue to be initiated in this field is to address this message to farmers and peasants and to introduce them with the most efficient varieties of animals suiting this or that objective. This should be accompanied with the readiness to simultaneously offer wide range of paid services, such as the artificial insemination, selectivity etc.
The similar process for substituting the variety of tomatoes was successfully implemented by USDA in Ararat and Armavir marzes. With the growth of cannery business in those locations peasants were not able to supply sufficient quantity of crop to canneries. As result, based on the consultancy and seeds supplied by USDA they shifted to other sorts, which resulted in significant increase of the output.
The process is relatively expensive and should be done in coordination with the Ministry of Agriculture of Armenia and the international technical assistance initiatives, such as USDA. As a first step the assessment of the local conditions and the environment should be done to specify what is the most efficient objective for local farmers and which varieties of animals will be more efficient. As a next stage
Syunik Development Strategy 89 Marz should have relevant resources, such as laboratories, veterinary stations and most important human resource to accomplish such an ambitious initiative.
Although additional research for provision of specific recommendations in this field is required, the Consultant considers even doubling of current milk yield will have serious impact on the income of rural population in Syunik and the economy of the marz.
Improvement of forest management
Syunik is one of the few regions of Armenia, which still has forested areas. The biological, environmental, economic and political role of the Syunik forest encompasses not only the Syunik and Armenia, but also an extensive region covering territories in Iran and Azerbaijan.
While the economic role of the forest was mentioned, it does not mean the wood industry, but rather considers other areas of human economic activities such as development of tourism in natural parks, development of medical plants etc.
For the protection and development of the forest the local government has to initiate a strategic program, which has to be started by inventarization of the forest. The last inventarization of Syunik forest took place in 1989. Since that time the forest was subject to intensive human activities. The impact of the last 15 years and mainly extensive logging for energy purposes has never been assessed. The inventarization will help to identify the current actual borders of the forest as well as will provide for detailed flora and fauna structure.
The inventarization of the forest is sophisticated and expensive activity, which requires allocation of various resources, including professional expertise, high technology and finance. Obviously, the Syunik Marzpetaran cannot afford to fund this initiative neither in a short nor in a mid term. Therefore, Marzpetaran should prepare project proposal and disseminate it among various donors, including, but not limited to UNDP, GEF, World Bank, UNESCO etc. In these activities Marzpetaran should coordinate it’s efforts with the Ministry of Nature Protection of Armenia.
Syunik Development Strategy 90 The next stage after inventarization should be detailed and comprehensive action plan, which will outline the following information:
Ö Where and what kind of natural reserves, sanctuaries and nurseries should be established Ö Detailed description of the permitted human activity in each zone (e.g. natural reserves, sanctuaries, nurseries, buffer zones etc) Ö Which kind of flora and fauna representatives needs specially elaborated approach and treatment Ö Elaboration of specific programs for saving disappearing species Ö Specification of what kind of wood, from which location at what time and what quantity can be logged Ö Specification of alpine zones available for cattle pasture and relevant pasture schedules
Following the elaboration of action plan, the central and local governments should allocate sufficient funds for the project implementation. The funds have to secure several key directions of the program implementation, such as:
a) Compensation of the forest officers staff b) Equipment and machinery c) Resources required for maintenance and usage of equipment and machinery d) Other materials required for timely treatment as specified in the action plan
Re-opening of airport
Formerly Syunik region had three airports located in Kapan, Goris and Sisian. Airports were capable of serving helicopters, small airplanes as well as relatively bigger airplanes such as Soviet YAK – 40, designed for 42 passengers.
As a result of the military conflicts with Azerbaijan the airports stopped their operations. The last airport to stop was Kapan airport, which was under direct fire from nearby located villages occupied by Azeri troops. Since the mid 1994 the fire was ceased and the situation in region started to normalize. However, neither of airports was reopened.
Syunik Development Strategy 91 Although final decision regarding reopening of airport should be based on detailed technical, market and financial due diligence there are several following key pros for the re-opening of Kapan airport:
Ö While the highway from Yerevan to Goris, through Sisian is passing along comparably plain areas and takes about 2.5 – 3.5 hours, the 60 km of road from Goris to Kapan area passing through mountains with numerous passing and turnings and takes about one and half hour of driving. Moreover, in winter months the road sometimes is closed for safety reasons; Ö Far location of marz administrative center of Kapan from Yerevan creates additional constraints for marz authorities and local businesses in proper communication with the center. Often in order to attend a short meeting in Yerevan, marz authorities need to be out of the work for three days, including almost two days spent on the road; Ö Kapan district is preparing to accept the major foreign investment in the country through privatization of ZCMC. Before the privatization and in the initial stages all the potential bidders and the eventual investor will visit the plant and will send hundreds of different professionals for short and longer- term missions. Kapan airport being prepared to serve airplanes can benefit from the anticipated big flow of passengers; Ö Finally, availability of airport will create another transportation option for strategically located region of Armenia, especially considering the geographical location of Goris-Kapan highway and the physical condition of Tatev-Kapan road.
As an initial stage for the reopening of the airport the Consultant suggests conducting technical assessment of the current situation with the consecutive technical, operational, organizational, marketing and financial due diligence.
Improvement of Health Services
Availability of high quality, reliable and affordable health services is one of the key prerequisites for proper social conditions of the population. The health services in Syunik region has to be improved to fully satisfy the regional needs and
Syunik Development Strategy 92 requirements. Proposed improvements are structured according to the following main components:
1. Re-equipment and renovation of the assets of health institutions
Main part of the medical instruments, equipment and tools available in health institutions in Syunik are outdated and physically depreciated. Therefore they cannot be fully reliable and usable. Taking into consideration high cost of modern medical equipment and instruments, the medical institutions in Syunik cannot afford commitment of financial resources to fund new procurement. Thanks to the assistance and cooperation with the international relations department of the Ministry of Health some medical institutions in Syunik will establish cooperation with similar institutions in developed countries. As a result of this cooperation acquisition of some new equipment is anticipated.
6 ambulance stations of Syunik region have total 18 ambulance cars. Out of the total number of ambulance cars 9 are completely out of the order or are not usable especially for ambulance purposes. Renovation of these cars is also economically unjustified. Equipment and instruments required for mobile stations, as well as communication tools are also completely missing.
2. Rehabilitation of buildings and premises of medical institutions
After the break down of the FSU almost no construction or re-construction activity was carried in Syunik health system. As a result buildings and premises are now not only inconvenient for usage but also are dangerous in anticipation of potential accidents. The internal infrastructure of medical institutions has also not been renovated for many years. As a result, now almost all hospitals in Syunik are experiencing problems with heating, water supply and sewerage.
3. Differentiated approach to regional medical institutions.
As a result of the geographical and geopolitical situation of the Syunik region, the long distance from Yerevan and long distance between communities in the region, Syunik needs differentiated special approach to it’s medical institutions and especially in terms of financing.
Syunik Development Strategy 93 The current health strategy adopted by the Government of Armenia has the purpose to provide best medical services and support and to increase the level of state financed, guaranteed free of charge health services within the framework of the resources allocated for this sector, through introduction of modern medical methods and implementation of structural and functional reforms undertaken. To increase the efficiency of medical services the health sector of Syunik has to act as one joint system, which will allow more efficient utilization of limited technical, technological, logistical, infrastructure and professional resources available in the region.
Such a strategy would allow the merger of medical institutions having similar functions. This will significantly reduce administrative, laboratory, diagnostic and other costs. Resources raised from this kind of activities could be directed on procurement of equipment and instruments.
Development of policlinic treatment is also important, since being relatively available for broad segments of consumers it provides medical services on the very early stages of medical problems, usually preventing further problems. In terms of preventing diseases on early stages the introduction and development of family medicine model is also important, since it again contributes to treatments on early stages of medical problems, creates personal touch between doctor and client and is relatively availably for population.
The summary of other measures for the improvement of medical situation in the region is as follows:
Ö Promotion of diagnostic services Ö To solve the problem of the lack of high quality professional medical staff to establish proper living conditions and to provide specific benefits Ö To organize permanent “open door” practices and to organize mobile medical centers, regularly checking situation in rural communities Ö To implement measures specified in National programme against AIDS and tuberculosis Ö To strengthen hygienic and anti virus measures among population Ö To promote health information and public awareness services available for entire population of the region
Syunik Development Strategy 94 Development of Agriculture & Food Processing
In year 2003 according to the survey made by the Consultant in all communities of Syunik region 2,638.8 tons of meat was produced, which makes annually 19.7 kg of meat per capita of population of Syunik marz or about 1.6 kg of meat per month. Certainly, this amount is not sufficient for the establishment of extensive meat processing facilities relying on local meat supply only. However, since there is a certain level of meat products consumption in the region (sausages, etc) there is a potential for operations of a few SMEs targeted on regional market and equipped with small scale processing technologies and based on both the local and imported meat.
The output of the milk in Syunik is relatively significant reaching more than 37,000 tons, which makes 276 liters annually per capita. The significant amount of milk produced in Syunik is the first factor supporting relatively developed cheese production especially in Sisian district. Due to the far location from key consumption market of Yerevan, farmers and SME’s in Syunik are limited to cheese production only, since other products have much more limited expiry term. A part of the quantity of the milk the other positive issue in this segment is quality of the final product. Specifically, cheese produced in Sisian has pretty high quality and reputation. On the other hand the sector still has a significant growth potential. Indeed, the annual milk productivity per one cow is about 1,600 liters or less than 5 liters per day. This is an extremely small indicator, which will be always a critical bottleneck for development of dairy sector in Syunik. At present the world agricultural technologies reached to the pretty high level enabling increase of the productivity via still natural mechanisms. In particular in this aspect both the Central Government of Armenia in terms of the Ministry of Agriculture and Marzpetaran, using the resources of international initiatives, such as USDA have to consider the artificial insemination programs and gradual change of the variety of cows in the region. Current variety of Brown Caucasian, while is better adapted to mountainous areas of Syunik, but has less productivity. Instead of that, there is an need for special expertise for the assessment of the feasibility of introduction of new varieties (such as Holstein), which will have the permanent place in the barn with timely feed supply but will have significantly higher productivity.
Syunik Development Strategy 95 The current output of wool production of 115.8 tons is not sufficient for set up of industrial enterprise for wool processing. However, one should note that current level of sheep in the Syunik region has decreased several times as compared with the late 80’s. Therefore, with the potential development of sheep breeding the output of wool has a growth potential too. As a result in long-term perspective of 10 plus years this raw material could also be utilized and processed inside the region.
In year 2003 all communities of Syunik region has jointly produced almost 33,000 pieces of cattle and sheepskins. While in general it seems to be a significant output, one should note that Armenia even in Soviet times with huge skins output did not have more or less developed tannery industry. Recently the USAID funded ASME project implemented by DAI made an assessment of tannery business potential in Armenia, which could be studied before undertaking specific activities in this field.
Honey production is one of the promising sectors of food processing industry in Syunik region. While the beehive keeping is pretty common in all the districts of Syunik it is especially popular in Sisian. Indeed, the territory of Sisian district is very convenient for bee keeping, since it mainly consists of alpine type mountains, with different types of flower cover, which is crucial to produce relatively big quantities of high quality honey. Traditionally honey production is based on the family run beehives or micro enterprises specialized in honey production. As a result the sector engages numerous participants.
In year 2003 only in Sisian district approximately 5,880 beehives produced about 88.2 tons of honey for a total value of about USD 350,000. While the sector has strategic strengths, like traditionally inherited knowledge and skills of bee keepers; climatic conditions convenient for bee keeping; availability of plants and flowers used by bees it has also significant constraints, which are briefly analyzed as follows. Market and other aspects related to the market and marketing of the product are the main problems. As was in the FSU times, honey production is still based on the family owned and operated principles. Beekeepers do not have well- established distribution channels and sales are based on the occasionally found consumers. There are certainly some famous beekeepers, whose honey is sold immediately after production, but the majority of producers suffer to find clients. Moreover, the entire output is frequently sold in extremely small lots on the kg by kg basis. As a result, one of the main issues is to support beekeepers in establishment of properly functioning distribution channel. This could be achieved
Syunik Development Strategy 96 either through “bottom – up” approach via establishment of beekeepers associations with relevant marketing department or through “up – bottom” approach via establishment of marketing center supported by the Marzpetaran, which will employ skilled salespeople and will be equipped with proper facilities for laboratory analysis and quality checks.
The other key problem for the expansion of the production is product price. For a long time honey is considered as a commodity product, whose sales are regulated by the world wide accepted prices, which are set on specialized exchanges. The current world honey market structure is as follows:
Figure 22. World Honey Market
2% 11% 23% 10% Africa S. America N. America Asia 16% Europe Oceania
38%
The total world market size is equal to approximately 1.26 millions tons, with Asia holding leading positions. The market price (FOB) for various types of honey in year 2003 was fluctuating on international exchanges from USD 1.48 to USD 2.72 per kg. This is significantly less than average USD 3.8 to USD 5 price of the Syunik made honey quoted in Armenia. Armenian honey producers explain such a significant price disadvantage by the higher quality of Armenian honey (i.e. Armenian honey is not commodity, but is rather ingredient.) However, in that case either Armenian honey should be differently positioned in the international markets or will never be sold outside of Armenian in commercial quantities.
Syunik Development Strategy 97 Development of Armenian and specifically Syunik honey sector needs several undertakings, summarized as follows:
Ö Syunik honey producers are high to medium cost producers relative to the major honey producing and exporting countries in the world. However, the industry is very fragmentized into hundreds of extremely small producers and the volumes produced are too low to realize economies of scale necessary to consolidate, process, and export honey. Ö Beekeepers have unrealistic price expectations for their honey due to isolation from global markets and an antiquated internal price structure. Ö Beekeepers need technical assistance to learn to manage bee diseases, particularly to learn more natural (less drug and chemical dependent) techniques. Ö Beekeepers need to learn queen production and regular queen replacement techniques, as well as selection for disease resistance, honey production, and other desirable traits Ö A two-tiered marketing approach could be developed: Serving the traditional local market primarily through barter, and selling bulk honey wholesale for cash. Ö Beekeepers as was already mentioned will need assistance in marketing honey on the cash market. The “consolidation” model through either “bottom-up” associations or “up-bottom” marketing centers would be an effective implementation strategy. Ö Beekeepers and small honey processors need to learn honey processing, packaging, and labeling techniques for bulk and direct consumer sales. Ö Beekeepers and honey buyers need technical assistance in determining true costs of production as well as developing realistic pricing and profit margins for the Armenian and export market. They would also benefit from bulk purchasing of supplies. Ö A honey quality assurance/brand identification program needs to be instituted to build Armenian consumer confidence in locally processed and packaged Armenian honey as well as to be used in honey consolidation and assortment processes.
Unlike honey or the other agricultural products discussed in this chapter fishery has not been traditionally strong sector of Syunik agriculture. Numerous small rivers in Syunik are inhabited with such a top scale fish types as red-finned trout.
Syunik Development Strategy 98 However, both the small size of the rivers and extremely limited quantity of fish are making impossible any kind of industrial usage of fish.
On the other hand Syunik has also relatively extensive natural and more important artificial lakes areas and reservoirs. The key water reservoirs located in Syunik are the followings:
Ö Shamb Ö Spandaryan Ö Tolors Ö Angeghakot Ö Chaizami
The reservoirs were constructed with two main purposes, first to secure proper water supply to hydro power plants and second for irrigation of nearby located agricultural lands. Reservoirs were constructed in Soviet times and fishery has never been prioritized neither during the design stage nor the utilization of the lakes.
However, since the beginning of 90’s, the growing poverty and lack of resources to secure food forced people to start small-scale fishery in those lakes. At present, local population continues going for fishery in lakes. However, while some people sell fish in the local agricultural markets, it still has self-consumption nature. Recently, several small scale pilot projects with red-finned trout in Chaizami Lake proved to be quite successful. Obviously the region has a potential to significantly increase fish output, however, before initiating any program a technical feasibility should be accomplished to identify which varieties of fish would be most efficient in Syunik lakes, what is the “growing plan”, how many years they have to stay untouched, what food components has to be supplied, what is the time for fishery etc.
The total wheat output of Syunik region is slightly more than 28,000 tons, with more than 95% of the total output concentrated in Goris and Sisian. The wheat output of Syunik is relatively essential having approximately 9% share in the 310,000 tons of total country output. While the region lacks big milling facilities like those located in Yerevan, Lori, Shirak, Gegharkunik, Ararat and other regions, there are several smaller plants specialized in wheat processing and production of flour. Nevertheless, the survey of Consultant in the regional center of Kapan, which
Syunik Development Strategy 99 is the biggest consumption market in the region, shown that the biggest suppliers of wheat to local bakeries are Armash Mill, located in Ararat region and Yerevan Mill, the biggest milling facility in Armenia. The key reason for selection of remote suppliers is the quality of wheat. Indeed, while the price of generic product such as wheat is almost identical throughout Armenia, the quality is different. The wheat produced is Syunik has a lack of quality due to technological issues. Smaller milling facilities operated by SMEs in Syunik technologically cannot compete with big plants, whose milling, clearing and assortment processes are more efficient and secure higher quality. As a result, in order to be competitive and for regional “import substitution” the region has to attract resources in technologically more advanced facilities securing high quality of the product, as well as other processes such as assortment etc.
The other topic related to the wheat production is opportunity for set up of compound feed processing facility. According to the general wheat milling technologies, out of the entire amount of wheat milled approximately 70-75% (depending on the technology) will be flour of different sorts and the rest of 25-30% will be brans. Brans are the key component and raw material for production of compound animal feed. According to the technologies and surveyed wheat output the potential annual brans production is equal to approximately 7,800 – 8,400 tons. Actually these amounts are similar to the total quantity of brans produced by the biggest in Armenia Yerevan Mill. However, making recommendation on set up of compound feed plant has to be based on the feasibility study, which will cover technological, operational, logistical, marketing and financial aspects of the initiative. Notwithstanding the above mentioned, one should note that stable supply of affordable compound feed will be really critical factor for development of cattle breeding in Syunik region.
The total amount of main types of vegetables harvested in Syunik region is equal to about 10,600 tons. For comparison, in Ararat marz only seasonal procurement of tomato by Artashat and Ararat canneries is equal to approximately 40,000 tons each. The comparison is brought to stress how small is the vegetables output in Syunik to be reliable source for set up of industrial facilities.
The same is the situation with fruits, where the total output of different fruits is equal to about 4,300 tons. This is by far insufficient for set up and development of industrial scale production, like canneries in Ararat, Armavir and Aragatsotn
Syunik Development Strategy 100 regions. On the other hand, the mentioned amounts of crop cultivated in the region are sufficient to support operations of a few retail market oriented small-scale canneries. However, one should note that the market access especially in export markets for retail oriented products is significantly more problematic and tougher regulated than for industrial products. Indeed, while products, like tomato paste, peach and apricot purees and apple juice concentrate packaged in 220 liter aseptic bags have no problems exploring and entering export markets in CIS and Europe, only small quantities of retail products are sold in export markets, mainly in Armenian colonies in Russia, Middle East and USA west coast. Along with the fruits, berries where Syunik with annual output of more than 125 tons has relatively high position can also be utilized for retail trade oriented processing, such as canning and freezing. Here Syunik has a small competitive advantage, which is the relatively big quantity of blackberry (more than 82 tons) annually collected in Syunik. Unlike the other berries, like strawberry and raspberry which are common everywhere, blackberry is rather limited supply berry and products, made of blackberry such as preserves, compotes and jellies in case of proper marketing could have success in domestic and foreign markets.
Syunik has relatively big output of potatoes, which is equal to almost 22,000 tons or about 160 kg annually per capita of marz population. On the other hand, just a surface survey of agricultural markets in Yerevan will reveal that the share of potatoes grown in Syunik is really miserable, with the overwhelming majority of products having Gegharkunik region origin. Potentially, potatoes could be used in industry for production of starch or special potato powder, which is further used as a key component in chips industry. Although additional research is required for assessment of investment needs and feasibility of set up of such a facility in Syunik at the glance it is obvious that such kind of scenario is highly unlikely, since even if an investor decides to set up similar business in Armenia, they would have more efficient areas for implementation of the project, such as Gegharkunik region, which has significantly bigger output of potatoes, plus more economic, safe and less timely access to key transportation routes.
Last, but not least criteria for assessment of potential of agriculture and food processing in Syunik is that due to the size of the region and moreover the timing required to reach from one point to another the crop cultivated and grown in one area will not always be economical to transfer to another for processing. For instance, for many villages of Sisian district it is cheaper, safer and quicker to
Syunik Development Strategy 101 deliver their product to Yerevan rather than to Kapan. Indeed, the timing required to reach marz administrative center and the capitol of Armenia is almost identical due to long distances between communities. Therefore, the aggregate figures of crop summarized in the chapter of agriculture are not always really indicative for assessment of raw material base for processing industry.
Institutional Strengthening of Syunik Business Centers
Business service providers, mostly located in Yerevan and specifically a few consulting companies providing wide range of multidirectional services and especially investment structuring and fund raising, played an important role in dynamic economic development of Armenia within the period of 1998 till present. The Business Centers located in Syunik also has to contribute to adequate development of the region. In this respect, there is a lot of space for intervention of international technical assistance initiatives targeted on the institutional strengthening of business centers through several key undertakings, such as improvement of the knowledge and skills of key specialists, establishment and set up of relevant infrastructure, support in introduction and growth stages, professional assistance in initial projects, support in acquisition and installation of technologies and equipment as well as in participation in relevant events taking place in Yerevan and other marzes.
To facilitate this process there is a certain role for local government and international technical assistance initiatives. First, the local government should be a process catalyst and has to seek international donors project technical assistance to finance some infrastructure and mainly to teach local specialists about the key aspects of advisory services. USAID and EU TACIS sponsored activities are especially active in various programs targeted on the institutional strengthening of regional business centers.
Syunik Development Strategy 102