Annual Report of the Secretary General on Police-Related Activities in 2019

Transnational Annual Report of the Secretary General on Police-Related Activities 2019 The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe is

The World’s Largest Regional Security Organization working to ensure peace, democracy and stability for more than a billion people between Vancouver and Vladivostok.

This report is submitted in accordance with Decision 9, paragraph 6, of the Bucharest Ministerial Council Meeting, 4 December 2001.

© OSCE 2020

All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may be freely used and copied for educational and other non-commercial purposes, provi- ded that any such reproduction be accompanied by an acknowledgement of the OSCE as the source.

OSCE Secretariat Transnational Threats Department Strategic Police Matters Unit Wallnerstrasse 6 1010 Vienna, Austria

E-mail: spmu@osce.org http://www.osce.org/secretariat/policing http://polis.osce.org Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 5

2. Activities of the Transnational Threats Department 13 2.1 TNTD/Co-ordination Cell 14 2.2 TNTD/Strategic Police Matters Unit 16 2.3 TNTD/Action against Terrorism Unit 27 2.4 TNTD/Border Security and Management Unit 30

3. Police-Related Activities of other Thematic Units 33 3.1 Programme for Gender Issues 34 3.2 Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings 36

4. Police-Related Activities of Field Operations 41

SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE 42 4.1. Presence in Albania 42 4.2 Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina 48 4.3 Mission in Kosovo 55 4.4 Mission to Montenegro 74 4.5 Mission to Serbia 81 4.6 Mission to Skopje 90

EASTERN EUROPE 99 4.7 Mission to Moldova 99 4.8 Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine 102

CENTRAL ASIA 105 4.9 Centre in Ashgabat 105 4.10 Programme Office in Bishkek 110 4.11 Programme Office in Dushanbe 114 4.12 Programme Office in Nur-Sultan 118 4.13 Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan 128

APPENDIces 135 Appendix 1: ODIHR Annual Report on Police-Related Activities for 2019 136 Appendix 2: OSCE main Co-operation Partners on Police-Related Activities 143 Appendix 3: OSCE MC and PC Decisions and Action Plans with a Focus on Police Related Activities 144 Appendix 4: Abbreviations and Acronyms 151 Appendix 5: Contact Details 154

1  Foreword by the Secretary General

The OSCE addresses police-related activities through a comprehensive approach, drawing on the combined strength of its institutions and its network of field operations. These police-related activities contribute substantially to the OSCE’s mandate on conflict prevention, crisis management and post- conflict rehabilitation.

Based on a comprehensive set of mandates and tasks – provided by various Ministerial Council and Permanent Council decisions since 1998 – the OSCE continues to share best practices on policing throughout the OSCE region. Cutting across all three security dimensions, the OSCE promotes an innovative strategy to policing, focusing on building modern, democratic and proactive police services that are fit to respond to a range of security issues. The OSCE also supports initiatives to develop professional skills that will prepare law enforcement for current and future challenges.

Over the last five years, we have witnessed a gradual shift in the focus in the OSCE’s police- related activities. General police development and reform – including community policing, police-public relations and crime prevention – still encompass more than half of the activities in this field, but activities related to gender-based violence, counter-terrorism and violent extremism have received increased attention. I am, however, concerned over the reduction of human rights and police accountability initiatives compared to the previous year and will make arrangements to encourage OSCE executive structures to enhance their focus on these important areas of policing.

Security challenges from transnational threats such as organized crime, terrorism, cybercrime and trafficking in human beings, arms and illicit drugs transcend national borders. Addressing such challenges requires effective international co-operation and co-ordination.

2 The OSCE has begun to explore how new technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), can amplify such threats, and to look at how we can support States in learning how to counter the misuse of new technologies – as well as to use these tools proactively to enhance peace and security. The 2019 Annual Police Expert Meeting was dedicated to the role of artificial intelligence in law enforcement. This is a field where many promising uses of AI, such as predictive policing, might become common practice in the near future.

This was one of a number of co-operative initiatives on policing to which the OSCE contributed in 2019 where law enforcement officials from different countries met to share ideas and best practices. The Organization also saw a notable increase of capacity-building and training activities, along with other events, related to counter-terrorism and VERLT, trafficking in human beings, migration-related crime and cybercrime.

At a time when policing and police-related activities are gaining more attention worldwide, and security challenges are speedily evolving, the OSCE’s engagement in promoting progressive policing approaches in our region remains crucial. We must continue strengthening and reforming existing law enforcement capacities to effectively address current security challenges, while also promoting forward-looking and cooperative ideas to build a police that allow participating States to address the challenges of tomorrow.

Thomas Greminger OSCE Secretary General

3  1 Executive Summary

5  Executive Summary

The Annual Report of the Secretary General on Police-Related The total number of activities addressing threats posed by Activities provides a comprehensive overview of all police- criminal activity rose by four per cent in respect to 2018, related projects, events and programmes implemented by covering 44 per cent of all total police-related activities. the OSCE executive structures, including by thematic units In line with the trend seen since 2015, activities related to in the Secretariat, field operations (FOs) and institutions. counter-terrorism and Preventing Terrorism and Countering Violent Extremism that Lead to Terrorism (P/C VERLT), The Report is submitted in accordance with Decision 9, THB and migration-related crime and cybercrime continued Paragraph 6, of the 2001 Bucharest Ministerial Council to steadily increase, constituting 63 per cent of all activities in (MC) Meeting, while the activities described in this report the area of threats posed by criminal activities. are based on a comprehensive list of individual mandates and tasks, which have been provided by various MC and When analysing the OSCE´s focus on police-related activities Permanent Council (PC) Decisions since 1998. A full list of since 2015, a few conclusions can be drawn. all MC and PC Decisions and Action Plans with a focus on police-related activities, is provided in Appendix 3. i) Although activities relating to general police development and reform have remained predominant The police-related activities described in this report are over this period, in 2019, the percentage of initiatives presented in two main categories: in this category compared to the total of police-related i) general police development and reform, including anti- activities was the lowest since 2015. In contrast, the corruption, gender-based violence, community policing percentage of activities addressing threats posed by and hate crime; and criminal activity in 2019 was the highest since 2015. ii) countering threats posed by criminal activity, including ii) There was a continuous increase of activities focused on organized crime, terrorism, trafficking in illicit drugs combating gender-based violence, addressing counter- and chemical precursors, trafficking in human beings terrorism and P/C VERLT, and cybercrime. On the other (THB), and cybercrime. hand, a substantial decrease was in activities related to strategic planning including threat assessments (from 25 This report also provides the number of police-related in 2015 to one in 2019). activities implemented by the OSCE executive structures iii) The highest number of all police-related activities since relating to these categories and a comparison with the 2015 was dedicated to activities focusing on community previous years (see charts on the following pages 7 to 9), policing, police-public relations and crime prevention. which shows a slight increase in comparison to the previous year.

In 2019, the majority of all OSCE police-related activities, 56 per cent, were dedicated to general police development and reform. In this area, a particular focus was placed on activities addressing police development and reform, community policing, police-public relations and gender-based violence, which altogether covered 59 per cent of all activities in this category. When compared to 2018, a reduction in activities was observed in relation to the number of human rights and police accountability initiatives (167 in 2018 to 47 in 2019), with the main decrease seen in South-Eastern Europe (SEE). However, in contrast to 2018, the number of activities aimed at strengthening specialized investigation units and forensics tripled, with a notable increase in activities devoted to enhancing human resources and police management and gender mainstreaming.

6  Executive Summary

2019 Total Number of Police-Related Activities Analysis of Information Lessons Exchange / Learned, Institution and Assessments Activity Capacity Building Training and Guidelines Total % General Police Development and Reform Police Monitoring and Confidence-Building 10 0 3 13 Police Development and Reform 36 26 37 99 Strategic Planning including Threat 0 0 1 1 Assessments Human Resources / Police Management 36 4 3 43 Human Rights and Police Accountability 14 19 14 47 Anti-Corruption 17 12 0 29 Gender Mainstreaming 31 11 2 44 Community Policing, Police-Public Relations 56% 128 55 12 195 and Crime Prevention Gender-based Violence 72 38 20 130 Hate Crime 29 11 9 49 Specialized Investigations Units / Forensics 3 14 1 18 Public Order and Crisis Management 21 5 8 34 Other, including co-ordination and 19 0 2 21 co-operation 416 195 112 723 Threats Posed by Criminal Activity Organized Crime 13 3 2 18 Criminal Investigations and Analysis 5 1 0 6 Financial Investigations, Anti-Money 17 22 1 40 Laundering and Seizures of Criminal Proceeds Cross-Border Co-operation in Criminal 16 27 6 49 Matters Counter-Terrorism & VERLT 85 39 18 142 44% Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors 26 16 3 45 Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration- 75 41 16 132 related Crime Cybercrime 37 37 12 86 Border Security and Management / Customs 39 8 3 50 Other 2 3 1 6 315 197 62 574 Total 731 392 174 1297

7 2019 Police-Related Activities Matrix

OSCE OSCE FIELD OPERATIONS SECRETARIAT

Montenegro

Uzbekistan OSR/CTHB

Nur-Sultan Dushanbe Ashgabat GENDER

Moldova Bishkek

Ukraine Kosovo Albania

Skopje ODIHR

Serbia BSMU SPMU

B&H ATU CC Activity General Police Development and Reform Police Monitoring and Confidence-Building Police Development and Reform Strategic Planning including Threat Assessments Human Resources / Police Management Human Rights and Police Accountability Anti-Corruption Gender Mainstreaming Community Policing, Police-Public Relations and Crime Prevention Gender-based Violence Hate Crime Specialized Investigations Units / Forensics Public Order and Crisis Management Other, including co-ordination and co- operation Threats Posed by Criminal Activity Organized Crime Criminal Investigations and Analysis Financial Investigations, Anti-Money Laundering and Seizures of Criminal Proceeds Cross-Border Co-operation in Criminal Matters Counter-Terrorism & VERLT Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration- related Crime Cybercrime Border Security and Management / Customs Other

8  Executive Summary

2019 Total Number of Police-Related Activities – all OSCE executive structures

Activity 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 General Police Development and Reform Police Monitoring and Confidence-Building 64 11 12 10 13 Police Development and Reform 154 150 89 81 99 Strategic Planning including Threat Assessments 25 7 11 3 1 Human Resources / Police Management 0 7 3 11 43 Human Rights and Police Accountability 0 51 25 167 47 Anti-Corruption 32 20 34 65 29 Gender Mainstreaming 9 35 104 19 44 Community Policing, Police-Public Relations and Crime 338 159 185 143 195 Prevention Gender-based Violence 69 59 109 122 130 Hate Crime 41 117 50 80 49 Specialized Investigations Units / Forensics 44 24 12 6 18 Public Order and Crisis Management 23 19 12 36 34 Other, including co-ordination and co-operation 4 34 61 27 21 803 693 707 770 723 Threats Posed by Criminal Activity Organized Crime 50 28 15 8 18 Criminal Investigations and Analysis 21 19 5 3 6 Financial Investigations, Anti-Money Laundering and 17 28 22 39 40 Seizures of Criminal Proceeds Cross-Border Co-operation in Criminal Matters 28 23 34 50 49 Counter-Terrorism & VERLT 55 54 92 130 142 Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors 34 30 39 27 45 Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration-related Crime 66 89 145 109 132 Cybercrime 35 32 37 65 86 Border Security and Management / Customs 23 35 78 69 50 Other 21 14 22 16 6 350 352 489 516 574 Total Activities 1153 1045 1196 1286 1297

9  Activities of the OSCE terrorism. It continued to devote attention to the use of the internet for terrorist purposes and VERLT and to capacity- Secretariat building activities relating to criminal justice and the rule of law in countering terrorism. TNTD/ATU also published The Co-ordination Cell in the Transnational Threats a Guidebook on understanding the Role of Gender in P/C Department (TNTD/CC) continued to support the VERLT – Good Practices for Law Enforcement. OSCE participating States (participating States) in the implementation of Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) The Borders Security and Management Unit (TNTD/BSMU) aimed at enhancing global cyber stability. Through the supported participating States and Partners for Co-operation POLIS Online Information System, it provided online in enhancing border standards and committed in promoting and information system support to all OSCE executive open and secure borders within the OSCE area. In this structures, assisting in the organization and implementation respect, the Unit further strengthened the OSCE Border of activities relating to transnational threats. In 2019, TNTD/ Security and Management National Focal Points Network CC continued to organize regional training workshops while also delivering training and capacity-building activities promoting an OSCE ‘cross-dimensional approach’ to the to border security and management services and front- issue of cyber/Information and Communication Technology line officers. In 2019, the Unit organized three deployment (ICT) security. missions and one advanced training course for OSCE Mobile Training Teams (MTT) delivering on-site training on The Strategic Police Matters Unit (TNTD/SPMU) identifying and interviewing potential foreign terrorist fighter provided police-related support to participating States (FTFs). Furthermore, TNTD/BSMU organized activities to and FOs, while maintaining its co-ordination role for all promote and adopt Advance Passenger Information (API) police-related activities implemented throughout the and Passenger Name Records (PNR) systems. OSCE’s executive structures. TNTD/SPMU assistance was provided through assessments and guidance material, The Programme for Gender Issues promoted a gender capacity-building activities, training courses, workshops, perspective within all police-related activities implemented seminars, and conferences. In 2019, its commitments by the OSCE’s executive structures while supporting were devoted to general police development and reform participating States in implementing UN Security Council (51 per cent of the total police-related activities) and the Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 regarding the ‘Women, Peace fight against transnational crime (49 per cent). Within and Security’ agenda. In 2019, the Programme presented the these categories, the main activities were those aimed findings of the OSCE Survey on the Well-being and Safety at combating and preventing gender-based violence of Women in South-East Europe and Easter Europe, co- (27 per cent of the total police and development and operating closely with TNTD/SPMU on project activities reform activities) together with training and capacity- aimed at combating gender-based violence. building activities related to cybercrime investigation and prosecution (37 per cent of the activities addressing threats The Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator posed by criminal activity). TNTD/SPMU also placed a for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (OSR/CTHB) special emphasis on activities promoting intelligence-led supported participating States and Partners for Co-operation policing (ILP), combating illicit drugs, organized crime, in preventing and prosecuting THB and protecting victims of THB and migration related crime. human trafficking. Through the network of Anti-Trafficking Focal Points, OSR/CTHB co-operated with FOs and the The Action against Terrorism Unit (TNTD/ATU) served OSCE Secretariat on issues of mutual interest. In 2019, as the OSCE’s focal point on all counter-terrorism related OSR/CTHB engaged in delivering a significant number of activities. The Unit supported participating States and capacity-building activities in the area of migration-related Partners for Co-operation in implementing international human trafficking as well as increasing the understanding legal frameworks against terrorism and promoting co- and response to the ‘dual nature’ of technology in relation to operation in criminal matters through organizing numerous THB. Furthermore, OSR/CTHB organized training courses, conferences, workshops, training courses, and other workshops as well as innovative live simulation-based capacity-building activities. In 2019, TNTD/ATU organized exercises for prosecutors, law enforcement officers, lawyers, a number of training and capacity-building activities to military personnel, and border guards. support national efforts in countering the financing of

10  Executive Summary

Activities of field Activities of OSCE operations Institutions The six FOs in SEE dedicated 71 per cent of their police- In co-operation with other OSCE executive structures, related activities to general police development and reform, the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights focusing mainly on community policing, police-public (ODIHR), as the only OSCE institution involved in such relations and crime prevention, gender-based violence and activities, continued to provide police-related activities to police development and reform. In the area of threats posed participating States. Throughout 2019, ODIHR supported by criminal activity, 30 per cent of activities organized were participating States addressing the issue of hate crimes focused on counter-terrorism and P/C VERLT while THB and through the implementation of its “Training against Hate cyber-related activities were also covered to a large extent. The Crimes for Law Enforcement” (TAHCLE) programme. In Missions in Kosovo, to Serbia and to Skopje devoted around addition, the ODIHR Human Rights Handbook on Policing three quarters of their police-related activities to police Assemblies was expanded and is now translated into the development and reform while the Presence in Albania, and Georgian, Armenian, and Romanian languages. Missions to Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and Montenegro addressed mainly threats posed by criminal activity.

In Eastern Europe, in contrast to 2018, the Mission to Moldova dedicated 78 per cent of its police-related activities to addressing threats posed by criminal activity, with a particular emphasis placed on activities aimed at combating THB and migration-related crime. In the sphere of general police development and reform, its activities focused on human rights, police accountability and hate crime. Police development and reform remained the main area where the Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine delivered its police assistance, covering over 68 per cent of its total police- related activities with the key activities being combating and preventing gender-based violence.

In Central Asia, 53 per cent of police-related activities organised by FOs were related to general police development and reform while 47 per cent related to threats posed by criminal activity. This ‘big picture’ reflects a similar distribution of activities between both categories, yet the allocation in each FO varied. Compared to 2018, the Programme Offices in Dushanbe and Bishkek devoted most of their activities to general police development and reform (over 70 per cent), the Centre in Ashgabat and Programme Office in Nur-Sultan dedicated slightly more than half of their police-related activities to initiatives addressing threats posed by criminal activity, with the Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan dedicating 94 per cent of their activities to this category.

11  2 Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

13  2.1 TNTD/Co-ordination Cell

Introduction In line with the 2011 Vilnius MC Decision No. 9/11 on Strengthening Co-ordination and Coherence in the OSCE’s Efforts to Address Transnational Threats, the Transnational Threats Department (TNTD) became operational on 1 January 2012. Its role is to optimize the support provided to the Secretary General, Chairmanship-in-Office and OSCE participating States on matters related to transnational threats. Led by the Co-ordinator of the OSCE Activities to Address Transnational Threats, the main role of TNTD is in acting as a focal point for OSCE-wide programmatic activities that relate to countering transnational threats, ensuring co-ordination and coherence of actions across all three OSCE dimensions, and amongst all OSCE executive structures, respecting their mandates.

TNTD consists of a Co-ordination Cell (TNTD/CC), which also covers cyber/information and communication technologies (ICTs) security issues, and three thematic units: the Action against Terrorism Unit (TNTD/ATU), Border Security and Management Unit (TNTD/BSMU) and Strategic Police Matters Unit (TNTD/SPMU).

Cyber/ICT Security trainings: two for selected participating States from the Throughout 2019, TNTD supported participating States SEE region, Sarajevo and Skopje, and a training for OSCE in the implementation of Confidence Building Measures Mediterranean Partners for Co-operation in Athens. These (CBMs) enhancing global cyber stability and co-organized events familiarized participants with OSCE cyber/ICT several working groups (WG) and other programmatic security efforts, in particular OSCE cyber/ICT security CBMs events promoting a cross-dimensional approach to cyber/ and the “Adopt-a-CBM” initiative, engaging participants with ICT security. cyber CBMs through practical exercises and scenario-based discussions, and encouraging them to share their national In 2019, TNTD/CC continued its series of sub-regional perspectives and promote greater sub-regional and bilateral trainings on cyber/ICT security by organizing three co-operation.

POLIS Online Information System In 2019, TNTD/CC continued to provide online and information system support to all OSCE executive structures through the POLIS Online Information System, thereby assisting in the planning, co-ordination, and implementation of TNTD activities. The exchange and sharing of TNT- related information and transfer of ‘know-how’ and lessons learned through the use of contemporary learning and communication methods remained the key priorities in improving services offered through the POLIS system, organized via online communities and e-learning courses.

In total, TNTD/CC provided online co-operation support to 14 different TNTD projects and initiatives, among which were: Sub-regional training on cyber/ICT security for the • An Anti-corruption Platform for Border and Law OSCE Mediterranean Partners for Co-operation, Athens, Enforcement Agencies; 7 February 2019. (OSCE/Nikolas Ott) • Border Security and Management NFP Network;

14  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

• CBM 9-Cyber/ICT Security Terminologies; • Work and discussion space for OSCE Field Operation • Combating Gender-based Violence Project; Cyber Focal Points; and • Cyber/ICT Security Spaces; • WG on Advance Passenger Information (API). • Gender Equality in Border Security and Management Platform; Complementing the English-language online course “Gender • OSCE Counter-Terrorism Network; Mainstreaming in Border Security and Management”, • OSCE Cultural Property Protection Resources Platform; TNTD/CC added a Russian version to the e-learning • OSCE Mobile Training Teams (MTT) on addressing platform. Overall, several TNTD’s events and classroom- cross-border challenges in the identification of potential based capacity-building activities served to further integrate Foreign Terrorist Fighters (FTFs); online co-operation and/or e-learning components from the • The OSCE Police Academies Network (PAN); POLIS system. • SEE Cybercrime Capacity-Building; • Western Balkans Travel Document Security Co- ordination Platform;

TNTD/CC – Police-Related Activities 2019

1 8 Total Analysis of Lessons Training 23 Learned, Assessments and Guidelines Information 14 Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 0%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 100%

15  2.2 TNTD/Strategic Police Matters Unit

the MoI’s Law Enforcement Academy. During the event, three Activities Related to ILP experts introduced the OSCE’s ILP model as well as the experiences and lessons learned from implementing ILP in General Police Development Estonia and Sweden. This was followed by discussions on the

and Reform opportunities and challenges faced in terms of introducing ILP in the country.

Police Development and Reform On 30 May, TNTD/SPMU organized a WebEx workshop On 13 May, TNTD/SPMU contributed to a seminar on on the PAN, focusing on “E-learning”. During the workshop, Security Sector Governance and Reform (SSG/R) in Conflict nine participants shared their experiences of E-learning and Prevention organized by the OSCE Chairmanship and Conflict other methods in delivering training courses via electronic Prevention Centre (CPC) in Vienna. The seminar highlighted tools. An expert from the University of Borås in Sweden how activities implemented in the politico-military dimension shared experiences on police education based on distance can affect the prevention of conflicts and tension and learning using E-learning. Furthermore, the OSCE POLIS complement other efforts. During its presentation, TNTD/ learning platform on PAN was also presented to participants SPMU offered different examples of activities implemented in during the workshop. areas such as cybercrime, migration, and community policing, which have contributed to improving the dialogue and co- On 9 October, in co-operation with the Mongolian National operation among participating States and other actors, thus Police Agency, TNTD/SPMU organized a training workshop on strengthening mutual relations and trust. the “Introduction to Intelligence-Led Policing” in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia for 30 senior-level law enforcement officials. The In April, TNTD/SPMU produced a training video on event introduced the OSCE recommended model on ILP as Intelligence-Led Policing (ILP) with Russian subtitles1. well as examples to demonstrate its practical implementation. Experts from Estonia, Serbia and Sweden also presented their On 6 May, TNTD/SPMU visited the Headquarters (HQ) of respective ILP programmes and approaches. the Dutch National Police in The Hague. The aim was to meet managers and experts from the Dutch national programme On 25 October, in co-operation with the Australian Federal on ILP and to obtain the latest information and lessons Police, TNTD/SPMU introduced the OSCE Guidebook learned from its implementation. TNTD/SPMU met with on Intelligence-Led Policing and the OSCE recommended the project manager responsible for the Artificial Intelligence ILP model at the “2019 Asia Region Law Enforcement (AI) programme to discuss their possible participation in Management Programme” held in Hanoi. Participants the 2019 OSCE Annual Police Experts Meeting (APEM) and included 25 law enforcement managers from Australia and also their support to the OSCE’s ILP project by providing 17 South and South-Eastern Asian countries, including two expert speakers in future planned events. TNTD/SPMU OSCE Asian Partners for Co-operation - Japan and Thailand. also organized meetings at the HQ of European Union Law Enforcement Agency (Europol) with representatives from the On 7 and 8 November, in partnership with the Mission to Office of the Executive Director, Outreach Team, Organized Skopje, TNTD/SPMU organized a regional training workshop Crime Department and the Serious and Organized Crime on “Databases and IT Structures Supporting Intelligence-Led Threat Assessment Team, to secure Europol’s support for the Policing” in Skopje. The workshop was attended by 73 law ILP project and expert speakers in future activities. enforcement managers and professionals in the SEE region. The aim was to discuss the OSCE’s ILP model as well as best On 10 May, in co-operation with the Project Co-ordinator in practice examples in the police’s use of criminal intelligence Uzbekistan, TNTD/SPMU organized a training workshop on databases in Austria, Estonia and Israel. “Introduction to Intelligence-Led Policing” in Tashkent for 23 senior level representatives from the Ministry of Interior On 26 November and 28 November, TNTD/SPMU organized (MoI), operational units in the law enforcement agencies and training workshops on the “Introduction to Intelligence-Led Policing” in Dushanbe and Bishkek. The first workshop was organized with the Programme Office in Dushanbe for 25 1 The English version of the training video is available at: https://youtu.be/rhYvgqszmxA. The version with Russian subtitles is available at: https://youtu.be/RIc0UHeFgjQ. senior-level Tajik law enforcement officials, while the second

16  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

was organized with the Programme Office in Bishkek for 26 On 15 April, in co-operation with the Office of the Secretary senior-level Kyrgyz law enforcement officials. Both events General (OSG), Programme for Gender Issues, Department introduced the OSCE’s ILP model along with examples of of Human Resources, Missions to BiH and to Serbia, its practical implementation, with experts from Serbia and Programme Office in Nur-Sultan and Project Co-ordinator Sweden presenting ILP programmes and approaches from in Uzbekistan, TNTD/SPMU launched a study to advance their own countries. the understanding of the challenges in increasing, promoting and advancing the role of women in the politico-military On 5 and 6 December, upon the invitation of the United dimension. The results of the study will be used shortly to Kingdom (UK) West Midlands Police, TNTD/SPMU identify the actions needed to promote gender equality participated in the “National Intelligence Conference”, within the OSCE2. organized in Hinckley, England by the UK National Police Chiefs Council. Some 200 high-level law enforcement From 26 to 28 August, as part of the Project on “Women managers and intelligence analysts from across the UK Leadership and Empowerment Initiative in Border Security attended the event. The aim was to obtain the latest updates and Management”, aimed at enhancing the capacities of about the ILP model in the UK, and to strengthen the OSCE’s participating States border security and management agencies network of experts on criminal intelligence work. TNTD/ by developing mechanisms to promote gender equality and SPMU met also with UK police representatives who agreed gender mainstreaming, in co-operation with UN/DPKO/PD/ to contribute to OSCE’s future ILP activities. Standing Police Capacity, TNTD/SPMU supported TNTD/ BSMU in organizing a “Training of Trainers” (ToT) session On 12 and 13 December, in co-operation with the Project in Vienna for the Gender Focal Points of the OSCE Gender Co-ordinator in Ukraine, TNTD/SPMU organized a regional Equality Platform in Border Security and Management. training workshop on “Proactive and Intelligence-Led Approaches in Targeting Organized Crime Groups” in Kyiv. On 17 October, TNTD/SPMU participated in the “Belgrade The event was attended by 64 participants, consisting of senior Security Forum”, co-organized by the Slovak OSCE law enforcement professionals and experts from the Baltic Chairmanship and United Nations Development Programme countries, Eastern Europe and South Caucasus. The aim was (UNDP) – South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse to discuss the latest trends, challenges and best practice in for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SEESAC) applying proactive and intelligence-led measures in countering in Belgrade. During the event, TNTD/SPMU presented organized crime, which included the presentation of national the OSCE’s work and practices at a side event “Women in examples by experts from Italy, Ukraine, UK and United States Security Sector Reform: Promoting Inclusion of Women in (US), as well as initiatives of International Criminal Police Crisis Management Missions”. The forum included panelists Organization (INTERPOL), Europol and European Union from the Serbian, Norwegian, and North Macedonian (EU) Advisory Mission in Ukraine. Ministries of Defence (MoD) and the OSCE who all presented their perspectives on the participation of women in crisis Gender Mainstreaming management missions and international missions, providing From 19 to 21 February, TNTD/SPMU participated in the insight on how gender parity strategies and policies can best “World Conference on Women in the Security Sector” in Budva, be applied and improved. organized by the Montenegrin Section of the International Police Association, Union of the Police Directorate (PD) of On 21 October, during the OSCE Security Committee Montenegro and Association of Women Police Officers of Meeting, TNTD/SPMU presented the findings of a report Montenegro. Participants from 16 countries and six regional on women in the politico-military dimension entitled “Prove and international organizations met to discuss the status of yourself!”. The report illustrated the main findings and women in law enforcement sector and the measures required possible actions to be taken to achieve gender parity as well to enhance their participation. During the opening remarks, as attract and retain a higher number of women professionals TNTD/SPMU introduced the OSCE project “Strengthening in the security sector. and Supporting the Participation of Women on all Levels of Policing” and presented the findings of a research review conducted during the development of the project. TNTD/ SPMU also met with representatives of the Montenegrin PD to discuss the country’s participation in the project. 2 For example, designing and planning opportunities for women to network and to receive support, guidance and mentoring, and creating a best practice model for participating States, which can be utilized in advancing recruitment of women in the politico-military dimension.

17  On 30 and 31 October, TNTD/SPMU delivered a and Jagiellonian University in Krakow. The project has four presentation at the workshop “Gender Workshop for main focus areas: the Balkans, East Africa, Central America Senior Management”, organized by the Mission to Skopje and Afghanistan/Pakistan. The Norwegian Police University in Ohrid. In front of 22 senior law enforcement officials, the College is developing an e-learning course aimed at preparing workshop focused on gender mainstreaming and equality international police officers deploying abroad on police within the sector. reform missions, focusing on community-oriented policing.

Community Policing, Police-Public From 25 to 29 November, TNTD/SPMU contributed to UN Relations and Crime Prevention community-oriented policing curriculum development by On 26 February, TNTD/SPMU submitted its participating in a UN organized workshop for the Curriculum recommendations to European Crime Prevention Network Development Group held in Kongsvinger, Norway. The (EUCPN) on the EUCPN and EU Agency for Law Enforcement workshop aimed at further developing new UN police Training’s (CEPOL) Toolbox on Community Oriented training materials in line with the UN Strategic Guidance Policing, which is to be presented to EU member states for Framework, with the aim of enhancing the performance of approval. Given its significant experience in the community UN field missions. policing domain, the OSCE was invited to contribute to the toolbox by sharing information and providing input and best On 27 November, TNTD/SPMU and the Programme Office practice. in Nur-Sultan participated in a launch event for a new community policing project held in Karaganda. The project From 14 to 16 May, TNTD/SPMU and United Nations Office aims to establish and assist a permanent inter-departmental on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) organized a joint regional group that will support the work of the police, prosecutors, training course on the use of sport as a powerful tool in crime probation officers, social protection and community prevention, especially among youth. The training course representatives. The ceremony included the participation served to familiarize 19 sport trainers from Albania, BiH, of the Deputy Minister of Interior and 40 other officials Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia with the global and representatives from governmental institutions, law programme “Line Up, Live Up”, whose main aim is to develop enforcement agencies and civil society. the relevant skills to reduce drug use and prevent other risky sorts of behaviours. Gender-based Violence During 2019, TNTD/SPMU conducted training and On 3 September, in co-operation with the OSCE High awareness activities within the framework of the project Commissioner on National Minorities and the Programme “Effective Criminal Justice Strategies and Practices to Combat Office in Nur-Sultan, TNTD/SPMU organized a workshop Gender-based Violence in Eastern Europe”. in Nur-Sultan on “Promoting Inclusive and Effective Community Policing in Multi-Ethnic Societies” for 45 From 25 to 29 March, in co-operation with the Secretariat’s representatives from the MoI, police, civil society and Programme for Gender Issues and the national Steering diplomatic corps. During the event, TNTD/SPMU provided Committees established by the project and respective training an overview of its community policing approach and work on centres in Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania, TNTD/SPMU police reform across the OSCE area. organized a workshop in Budapest on combating gender- based violence for judges and social workers. The events From 10 to 13 September, TNTD/SPMU met with aimed at enhancing the knowledge and skills of 35 criminal counterparts in the Armenian Police, Ministry of Foreign justice practitioners in identifying and responding to cases Affairs (MFA) and Parliament in Yerevan to provide updates of gender-based violence. The training also promoted the on the status of the project “Strengthening Police-Public exchange of best practice and working methods. Partnership in Armenia” and to plan future activities. TNTD/ SPMU also attended a de-briefing meeting with experts from From May to June, with the aim of enhancing the skills of the EU Technical Assistance and Information Exchange ‘first responders’ in meeting the needs of victims and to refer Instrument’s peer review on police reform as well as a donor them to specialized support services, in co-operation with co-ordination meeting organized by the EU. the project’s respective national steering committees, TNTD/ SPMU organized a series of national training workshops for On 17 September, TNTD/SPMU participated in a workshop police, investigators, prosecutors, judges and social workers on the project “Community-based Policing and Post-conflict in Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria, delivered by trainers Police Reform” organized in Sarajevo by the Norwegian Police previously trained in the ToT course on combating gender- University College, Norwegian University of Life Sciences based violence. Some 40 participants in each country were

18  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

recipients of such training, which aimed at highlighting Nu fi indiferent, atitudinea ta poate SALVA VIEŢI!

SPUNE NU VIOLENŢEI the need to improve the public’s perception as well as the attitude and behaviour of criminal justice practitioners towards victims of gender-based violence to avoid secondary victimization. DOMESTICE! SUNĂ LA 112 PENTRU A RAPORTA UN CAZ SAU LA

From 25 November to 10 December, in co-operation with 0800-500-333 PENTRU A PRIMI CONSILIERE! police authorities in Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania, TNTD/SPMU organized a regional awareness-raising campaign against gender-based violence in all three countries. The campaign targeted ‘first responder’ police officers and citizens, including potential victims and perpetrators. During the campaign, the target groups was equipped with written guides to assist them in better recognizing the causes, signs and effects of gender-based violence and, thus, adopt a sensitized approach when operating in such cases. A national public awareness campaign (including posters, TV and radio spots) further encouraged the reporting of cases, which in total, reached out to over 5.1 million citizens3.

On 4 and 5 June, upon the invitation of the Romanian Presidency ACEASTĂ CAMPANIE ESTE SUSȚINUTĂ DE: POLIŢIA ROMÂNĂ

of the Council of the EU, TNTD/SPMU participated in a senior level conference in Bucharest “Towards a Europe free from violence against women and girls - The Istanbul Convention4 creating a new horizon and a paradigm change for all Poster disseminated in Romania with the aim to raise the stakeholders”. During the event, TNTD/SPMU presented the public awareness of gender-based violence and encourage OSCE’s work in terms of addressing gender-based violence, the reporting of cases. (OSCE) highlighting the need for stronger partnerships between actors involved in the prevention, protection, prosecution and integrated policies in relation to gender-based violence - the participants expressed interest in a ‘follow-up’ to this event so-called ‘4 Ps’ of the Istanbul Convention. in terms of discussing the dialogue policing concept.

Public Order and Crisis Management Other, including co-ordination and On 14 November, in co-operation with experts from the co-operation Swedish and Ukrainian Police, TNTD/SPMU organized On 4 February, TNTD/SPMU met with representatives of an introductory session on “dialogue policing” during a the UN Interregional Crime and Justice Research Centre roundtable discussion in Yerevan on “Knowledge-based (UNICRI) and its Centre for AI and Robotics in The Hague. Public Order Policing” for 11 senior-level Armenian police During the meeting, TNTD/SPMU received briefings on officers and two Armenian parliamentarians from the the Centre’s activities, in crime prevention, criminal justice, Defence and Security Standing Committee. During the law enforcement and security. session, TNTD/SPMU introduced a concept on public order management as well as the first steps required during On 2 April, TNTD/SPMU delivered a presentation at any reform of public order management in Armenia. The the UNICRI-INTERPOL roundtable in New York on “Artificial Intelligence and Robotics: Reshaping the Future of Crime, Terrorism and Security”. During the event, 120 3 The campaign reached out to 2,403,663 people in Bulgaria, 1,395,219 in Romania, and 1,300,342 in Hungary. participants discussed the application of AI, highlighting 4 The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against that international discussion was required on the risks women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention) ratified by Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, and benefits from a law enforcement and national security Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, perspective. Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and signed by Armenia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Slovak Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and EU (status as of 30/03/2020).

19  On 22 May, the OSCE and UNICRI signed a Memorandum From 26 to 30 June, TNTD/SPMU participated in the of Understanding (MoU) to enhance co-operation in criminal UNODC Law Enforcement Advisors (LEA) meeting in justice, including developing joint initiatives on addressing Vienna. The meeting was attended by 80 law enforcement security threats, such as terrorism, organized crime and experts and programme officers from UNODC HQ and cybercrime. field offices, and partner organizations, including CEPOL, EU Maritime Analysis and Operation Centre, Frontex, On 7 and 8 May, TNTD/SPMU organized a visit to Vienna INTERPOL and World Customs Organization (WCO). The for representatives from the Ukrainian Ministry of Social aim of the event is to provide an effective consultative forum Policy (MoSP), General Prosecutor’s Office (GPO), police between partner organizations to facilitate the exchange of and Labour Inspectorate. Participants visited the Austrian ideas and best practice and to agree on co-operation efforts. Federal MoI and its Centre responsible for managing the The meeting focused on border management and control, national hotline for victims of trafficking. In so doing, the mechanisms for co-operation between international and participants gained further insights in terms of how Austria regional organizations, law enforcement training initiatives handles this key service regarding identifying, assisting and and gender-related issues. During the event, TNTD/SPMU protecting victims of trafficking. delivered presentations and participated in discussions on the PAN, the OSCE-wide project on addressing gender- On 13 and 14 May, in co-operation with the Presence in based violence in Eastern Europe, as well as other OSCE Albania, TNTD/SPMU co-organized the Heads of Law border security and management initiatives. Enforcement Departments (HoLEDs) meeting in Tirana, bringing together ten heads of law enforcement departments From 2 to 4 July, TNTD/SPMU attended the INTERPOL World and programmes from FOs in the SEE. During the meeting, 2019 “Engaging Co-Creation to Prepare for Future Security participants discussed current and future activities as well Threats” and the 2nd INTERPOL-UNICRI Global meeting on as the challenges faced in their areas of responsibility, AI for Law Enforcement in Singapore. The INTERPOL World focusing on SSG/R challenges and opportunities. The 2019 focused on the rapid technological change, examining aim of HoLEDs meetings is to strengthen programme co- what governments and law enforcement agencies can do ordination and share information between TNTD and FOs to keep up with this change in order to prepare for future as well as among FOs. security threats. This event helped to facilitate a platform for exchange among stakeholders, including government On 29 and 30 May, TNTD/SPMU participated in the “47th experts, academics, think tanks, and industry representatives. INTERPOL European Regional Conference”, in Katowice. Furthermore, the 2nd INTERPOL-UNICRI Global meeting The conference aimed to take stock of INTERPOL’s activities included representatives from law enforcement institutions, in Europe, follow up on the recommendations adopted international organizations, academia and security sector, at previous conferences and to consider future priorities. which focused on a range of opportunities that AI and machine Some 200 representatives participated in the event, learning present for law enforcement, in particular ways to including delegations from INTERPOL member countries capture and analyse data to support police investigations, and observers from international organizations such as the operations and intelligence-gathering. OSCE. During the conference, TNTD/SPMU held bilateral discussions with a number of representatives of partner On 8 August, on behalf of the OSCE SG, TNTD/SPMU organizations, including INTERPOL’s Executive Directors published the Annual Report of the Secretary General on on Police Services and Partnerships, the Europol Director for Police-Related Activities in 2018. The report provided an Serious and Organized Crime, and participants representing overview of all police-related programmes and projects UNODC, the Council of the EU and European Border and organized in 2018 by the OSCE. The total number of police- Coast Guard Agency (Frontex). related activities in 2018 was 1,286, compared to 1,196 in 2017, and 1,045 in 20165. On 19 and 20 June, TNTD/SPMU co-organized the HoLEDs regional meeting for Central Asia with the Programme On 26 September, TNTD/SPMU delivered a presentation Office in Bishkek in Issyk-Kul. The meeting brought together to the “III Kharkiv International Legal Forum”, during the 15 representatives of law enforcement departments and session “Criminal Threats in the Security Sector: An Effective programmes from FOs in Central Asia and representatives Counteraction Practice”. The discussion that followed focused from the MoI and civil society. The meeting focused on the on improving regulatory and legal mechanisms for providing role of women within the security sector. protection against information threats in cyberspace as well

5 The report is submitted in accordance with Decision 9, paragraph 6, of the Bucharest MC Meeting, 4 December 2001.

20  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

as on improving the response of the criminal justice system well as address the challenges faced by member countries. to cybercrime. Participants also discussed and shared topical and technical issues related to small arms and light weapons (SALW) control. On 8 October, upon the invitation of the NATO Stability Policing Centre of Excellence, TNTD/SPMU participated On 12 April, TNTD/SPMU and OCEEA were invited by in the Lessons Learned Conference in Vicenza. In front of UNODC to present the new OSCE project on fighting 100 participants, the aim was to draw lessons learned from organized crime in the SEE region within the framework of recent peace operations where the UN, North Atlantic the co-ordination of the “EU Western Balkans Initiative” at an Treaty Organization (NATO), EU and African Union had event held in Vienna. Participants from various organizations been involved and where there had been a police dimension. active in the region engaged in activities in countering During the event, TNTD/SPMU delivered a presentation on organized crime and corruption, shared information about how the OSCE was working in peace/police operations. the current situations, programme achievements and future plans, with the aim of complementing efforts, avoiding On 20 November, TNTD/SPMU organized the second annual duplication and strengthening common understanding. meeting of OSCE PAN focal points in Vienna. Attended by 48 participants, the meeting focused on the use of modern On 15 May, TNTD/SPMU participated in the “Seminar on technology in police training, women’s participation in Prevention and Fight against Trafficking in SALW”, organized police training and impact of the ‘Me-too’ movement on by the French Ministry of Armed Forces and two think- the Swedish police, and discussed the way forward for the tanks in Paris. TNTD/SPMU delivered a presentation on a PAN. At the conclusion of the meeting, participants agreed TNTD/CPC project on fighting against trafficking in SALW to support the continued utility of the PAN. in Ukraine. Some 120 representatives from government, academia and diplomatic corps participated in the event.

On 25 June, TNTD/SPMU participated in the EMPACT Activities Related to Threats “Environmental Crime Strategic Meeting 2019/2020”, organized by the EMPACT EnviCrime driver and co-drivers Posed by Criminal Activity at Europol HQ in The Hague. Representatives from EMPACT, EnviCrime, participating States and other international Organized Crime organizations discussed the situation in implementing the From 11 to 12 February, TNTD/SPMU together with 2019 Operational Activities Priorities and plans for 2020. the Office of the Co-ordinator of OSCE Economic and During the meeting, TNTD/SPMU presented the OSCE Environmental Activities (OCEEA), participated in Strategy on Environmental Crime. The EMPACT project aims European Multi-disciplinary Platform Against Criminal to co-ordinate efforts in disrupting organized crime groups Threats (EMPACT) “Environmental Crime Operational involved in environmental crime, including waste trafficking. Action Plan 2019 Kick-off Meeting” at Europol HQ in The Hague. The aim was to evaluate the 2018 programme From 8 to 12 July, TNTD/SPMU facilitated a training course and to plan activities in 2019. Around 60 representatives on countering organized crime at the Advanced Institute participated in the event, among them EU and non- of Investigative Techniques in Velletri (Rome) for 18 law EU Member States and representatives of international enforcement representatives from Albania, BiH, North institutions and agencies. INTERPOL and the OSCE, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. The course, developed together with Serbia and Ukraine, agreed to be involved in and designed with the Italian Carabinieri, presented the latest activities related to identifying and tackling illegal waste trends and developments in organized crime and provided trafficking in and around the Danube region. an update on the current features related to the most serious types of organized crime. On 13 March, TNTD/SPMU participated in the “4th INTERPOL Illicit Arms Record Management and tracing From 9 to 11 October, TNTD/SPMU participated in a workshop System Steering Committee Meeting” organized by on “The advisory role of the EU Common Security and INTERPOL in Lyon. The meeting brought together experts Defence Policy missions in disrupting criminal organizations from the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, in host countries”, co-organized by Crisis Management Centre UNODC, INTERPOL, EC and Europol and as well as Finland and POLIISI in Jarvenpää, Finland. The event brought experts and stakeholders from the private sector. The aim together representatives and experts from EU Structures was to establish a platform to share ideas and experiences in and regional and international organizations, academics and promoting the use of the INTERPOL tools and databases as security agencies dedicated to the fight against organized

21  crime. The event provided an opportunity to strengthen co- Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT ordination activities in this sector. From 4 to 6 March, TNTD/SPMU participated in meetings in Tirana with representatives of the Presence in Albania, On 19 December, in co-operation with the OCEEA and Albanian State Police (ASP) and international organizations the Presence in Albania, TNTD/SPMU organized the in Tirana active in supporting the law enforcement agencies. OSCE Preparatory Meeting on the “Intelligence picture The aim was to make final preparations for the upcoming of environmental crime: Hazardous waste management training course on “Preventing and Countering Terrorism and trafficking in South-Eastern Europe” in Tirana. In and VERLT: A Community Policing Approach”, which took total, 19 representatives from FOs in the region, OCEEA, place on 1 to 3 April as a joint activity between ODIHR EMPACT France and Slovakia, incoming Albanian OSCE and TNTD/SPMU/ATU in co-operation with the US Chairmanship, participated in the event. This meeting International Criminal Investigative Training Assistance contributed to facilitating the exchange of information among Program (ICITAP). This pilot training course aims at testing the OSCE executive structures and EMPACT member states, the revised training material already developed jointly by as well as strengthen programme co-ordination. TNTD/ TNTD/SPMU/ATU and ODIHR, and to identify additional SPMU and OCEEA agreed to jointly organize a ToT course in issues that require amendment. The course also aims at March 2020 on hazardous waste management and trafficking, raising gender awareness of all participants, which consisted dedicated to criminal justice practitioners in the region. of 21 community policing heads and eight civil society organization (CSO) representatives. Financial investigation, Anti-Money Laundering and Seizures of Criminal On 9 May, TNTD/SPMU participated in a capacity-building Proceeds workshop in Stockholm for a group of instructors during From 12 to 14 February, TNTD/SPMU supported the the International Police Officers Course by delivering a organization of the “Balkan Asset Management Inter-Agency presentation on “Preventing Terrorism and Countering Network (BAMIN) Steering Group Meeting” in Podgorica VERLT: A Community-Policing Approach”. The presentation to improve criminal asset seizure, recovery and social re-use aimed to introduce the topic to the instructors as well in the SEE region. During the event, participants discussed as explore the possibility of incorporating this in future respective national legislation, and the implementation of courses. In total, 14 Swedish instructors and two facilitators Asset Recovery Offices/Asset Management Offices. participated in the event.

From 29 to 31 October, TNTD/SPMU facilitated the BAMIN On 27 and 28 June, TNTD/SPMU organized a training Annual General Meeting in Neum, BiH. The meeting workshop in Tashkent on “Human Rights in Counter- formed part of a cross dimensional OSCE initiative for Terrorism Investigations”. Oriented towards law enforcement addressing transnational organized crime in the SEE region officers, this module was developed by ODIHR Human through strengthened regional co-operation in asset seizure, Rights and Anti-Terrorism Programme (HRAT) and confiscation, management and re-use. The meeting also TNTD/SPMU based on the OSCE-ODIHR Human Rights aimed at providing a platform for BAMIN jurisdictions to in Counter-Terrorism Investigations Manual. Focusing present and discuss the challenges they face in managing on human rights issues that may arise during a counter- criminal assets and to exchange potential solutions. terrorism investigation, the manual provides guidance on how human rights can help officers to become more effective From 16 to 18 December, in co-operation with the Mission and how measures that are not complying with human rights to Serbia, TNTD/SPMU organized a workshop in Belgrade standards are counterproductive. for 15 law enforcement representatives from Albania, BiH, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia on promoting co- On 5 December, TNTD/SPMU and INTERPOL organized a operation and mutual legal assistance requests in organized side event on “Border Security and Counter-Terrorism” on crime cases among countries of the region, particularly in the margins of the 2019 OSCE MC in Bratislava. The State regard to the recovery of criminal assets. Trainers provided Secretary of Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, Special insights into the international financial investigation Representative of the Slovak 2019 OSCE Chairmanship landscape, presenting international co-operation networks and SGs of both organizations opened the event attended and mechanisms. They also highlighted the importance of by 40 participants. Senior representatives of INTERPOL non-conviction-based confiscation, explaining also how to and TNTD highlighted the existing co-operation between best utilize a pre-mutual legal assistance request. both organizations, underlining their complementarity in identifying and implementing regional activities.

22  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors From 2 to 5 July, TNTD/SPMU participated as an observer From 27 February to 1 March, TNTD/SPMU delivered a in the “13th meeting of Heads of National Drug Law presentation on OSCE’s activities in combating illicit drugs Enforcement Agencies” in Lisbon to discuss measures that and upcoming events to the Collective Security Treaty would strengthen regional and sub-regional co-operation Organization (CSTO) operation “Channel”, organized in in tackling the world drug problem. Participants reviewed Almaty by the Central Asian Regional Information and the latest trends and considered measures to address the Co-ordination Centre for Combating Illicit Trafficking production of and trafficking in illicit drugs in Europe. They of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and their also highlighted the importance of gender mainstreaming, Precursors (CARICC). During the event, participants from ensuring equal access to health care given the specific needs CSTO member states collected and compiled information on of women with drug use disorders. TNTD/SPMU contributed seizures of illicit drugs, illegal commodities and drug-related to the WG’s discussions aimed at ensuring comprehensive investigations. national responses and improved co-operation among law enforcement, health and justice sectors. From 26 March to 5 April, TNTD/SPMU organized an anti-drug training course for ten Afghan law enforcement From 1 to 3 October, TNTD/SPMU attended the “2019 officers at the University of St. Petersburg in the Russian Annual Meeting of the International Network on Precursor MoI. Participants developed their skills in combating the Control”, organized by the CoE PG in Lisbon. Participants production of and trafficking in illicit drugs, conducting from 31 countries and 12 international organizations noted crime scene investigations and applying forensic techniques. that the spread of illicit drugs and their precursors were key They also learned about countering money laundering and threats to security. TNTD/SPMU contributed to discussions drug-related crimes, identifying their proceeds, practicing related to the spread of illicit drugs, mainly synthetic and new techniques for searching residential areas and vehicles, and psychoactive substances (NPS) as well as their precursors using special equipment. following the results of the 2019 OSCE-wide anti-drug conference focusing on this subject. On 11 and 12 April, TNTD/SPMU attended the “9th Working Group Meeting on the Controlled Delivery From 12 to 15 November, TNTD/SPMU participated in Handbook” organized by the Co-operation Group to the “International Seminar on the Role of Police in Drug Combat Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking in Drugs of Prevention”, organized by the CoE PG and the National Bureau Council of Europe’s Pompidou Group (CoE PG) in Brussels. for Drug Prevention of Poland in Warsaw. Participants from Participants discussed the steps needed to develop and 19 countries and three international organizations discussed update the handbook, while experts reviewed the WG’s programme activities to enhance police anti-drug prevention draft documents, including the Terms of Reference and measures, noting that attention should be given to prevention Rules of Engagement, containing commitments for WG focused on the drug abuse resistance education and training. members in terms of regularly updating the handbook. During the event, TNTD/SPMU promoted community policing and healthy lifestyles, highlighting the 2018 OSCE On 3 and 4 June, TNTD/SPMU supported the Slovak anti-drug prevention campaign organized in Central Asian Chairmanship in the organization of the annual OSCE- countries. wide Conference on Combating the Threat of Illicit Drugs and the Diversion of Chemical Precursors on “Evolving On 26 and 27 November, TNTD/SPMU participated in Threat of Synthetic Drugs: from Addiction to Rehabilitation the “Regional Meeting on the Global Challenge and Threat and Reintegration” in Vienna. In an event attended by 160 to the Safety and Health of Societies – Emergence of New participants, speakers highlighted the need to promote Psychoactive Substances” in Podgorica, co-organized by international co-operation to address the threat from the Ministry of Health (MoH) and Mission to Montenegro. synthetic drugs, underscoring their links with other During the meeting, TNTD/SPMU presented its activities transnational security challenges. Speakers further proposed on combating NPS and awareness-raising events in the to strengthen partnerships with industries and facilitate SEE, Eastern and Central Europe regions. Participants from preventive and scientifically based treatment, rehabilitation five countries, international organizations and civil society and reintegration measures. Recognizing the threat of noted that, in many cases, the availability of NPS remained synthetics in the OSCE area, participants called upon the relatively high while being offered through the Internet OSCE to reinforce its anti-drug trainings and capacity- and the ‘Darkweb’. It was also noted that links between building activities, with a focus on South-Eastern and Eastern organized crime groups on the ‘classic’ drugs market were Europe and Central Asia. being strengthened, especially around the so-called ‘Balkan route’. Participants underscored the continued need for

23  OSCE’s anti-drug programme activities, sharing guidelines, On 28 and 29 May, TNTD/SPMU participated, together databases and best practice through capacity-building events with the OSR/CTHB, in the 2nd Advisory Group Meeting and trainings. supporting the development of a new draft of the Practical National Referral Mechanisms Handbook on the Rights of Trafficking in Human Beings & Trafficked Persons. The aim was to contribute to the updating Migration-related Crime of the previous handbook published in 2004. The final version On 19 and 20 February, in co-operation with INTERPOL, of the handbook was published at the end of 2019. TNTD/SPMU organized the international workshop “Addressing Labour Exploitation in Trafficking in Human From 8 to 12 July, in co-operation with INTERPOL, TNTD/ Beings: A Holistic Approach” in Kyiv. The aim was to share SPMU organized the training workshop “Interviewing experiences and best practice regarding co-operation and co- Techniques of Victims of Trafficking in Human Beings” in ordination in combating THB, as well as identify the required Kyiv with the support of the MoSP, GPO and police. In front resources to address this issue. The event was attended by of prosecutors, police officers, labour inspectors and one 67 participants, including labour inspectors, police officers, Supreme Court judge, the course included exercises, role prosecutors, civil society as well as representatives from plays and the sharing of best practice from other countries. participating States, various OSCE executive structures, International Organization for Migration (IOM), and On 30 and 31 July, TNTD/SPMU and the OSR/CTHB UNODC. organized the “Workshop on the use of effective investigative techniques to combat sexual exploitation and THB in the On 21 and 22 March, TNTD/SPMU contributed to the light of the new technologies” in Minsk, targeting 45 senior seminar “New Geopolitics of Peace Operations III: Non- officials from law enforcement agencies in Belarus, Estonia, traditional Security Challenges - Peace operations and the Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova and Ukraine. The event aimed challenges of irregular migration and human trafficking”, at sharing lessons learned and best practice in combating organized by the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung and Stockholm ICT-facilitated human trafficking for sexual exploitation International Peace Research Institute in Rabat. In front of by applying special investigative techniques, conducting 20 participants from a number of international organizations, investigations regarding online grooming, recruitment, the event provided an overview of how different actors who control and exploitation of victims, as well as using innovative conduct peace operations deal with and respond to challenges ICT tools to disrupt human trafficking networks. related to irregular migration and human trafficking. Participants acknowledged the work of the OSCE through its From 28 to 31 October, as part of the project “Anti-Trafficking FOs and its comprehensive approach in countering THB as in Human Beings and Smuggling of Migrants Training in good practice. Ukraine”, implemented in co-operation with INTERPOL and MoSP, TNTD/SPMU organized a training course on “Good On 9 April, in co-operation with ODIHR, TNTD/SPMU practices in interviewing victims of human trafficking” in organized a side event at the “OSCE Alliance against Kyiv. In total, 24 officials from the MoSP, GPO, State Service Trafficking in Persons: ICT Tools to Improve Proactive for Labour Issues, Police, Supreme Court, State Border Guard Identification of Victims of Trafficking in Human Beings” Service, State Migration Service (SMS) and Free Legal Aid at the “19th OSCE Alliance against Trafficking in Persons” in Centres participated on the course. Vienna. Attended by 40 representatives from participating States and international organizations, the event provided On 9 and 10 December, in co-operation with UNODC and the opportunity to discuss the use of ICT tools in supporting IOM, TNTD/SPMU organized a regional workshop in investigations of THB cases and to help identify and protect Valletta on “Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Persons victims. and Smuggling of Migrants through a Multidisciplinary Approach and Multi-level Co-operation”. In total, 16 On 20 and 21 May, TNTD/SPMU participated in an experts’ representatives from 16 countries discussed community- meeting on “Conflict-Related Sexual Violence, Sexual based approaches and cross-border community co-operation, Exploitation and Abuse: Challenges and Achievements” where law enforcement officials and CSOs work together in in Sanremo. During the meeting, participants discussed conducting assessments and collect preliminary data on international standards concerning victims and perpetrators victims and perpetrators. Participants also agreed on the need as well as the lessons learned and future preventive to effectively establish professional multi-disciplinary teams frameworks on sexual violence and sexual exploitation. on migrants’ vulnerabilities, allowing joint investigations that support the prosecution of crime.

24  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

Cybercrime organizations, discussions focused on achievements, From 24 and 25 January and 28 February to 1 March, training challenges, lessons learned as well as topics relating to courses on collecting and documenting evidence from on-line responses of criminal justice institutions, role of digital sources took place in Kragujevac, Serbia, for 12 police officers technologies in conducting or facilitating criminal activities, and Novi Sad for ten police officers. On 14 and 15 February, key elements of capacity-building and future trends. Panelists a seminar was organized on the introduction to cybercrime also explored areas of the OSCE’s future engagement in and digital evidence for 12 police officers in Banja Luka. combating cybercrime, focusing on the SEE and Central Asia TNTD/SPMU also finalized the development of training regions. material (in both Albanian and Macedonian languages) for a course on handling digital evidence, which was donated to On 14 May, TNTD/SPMU contributed to a consultative police training institutions in the respective countries. expert meeting on cybercrime, organized by the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) in co-operation with the CoE in From 25 to 27 February, during a panel devoted to capacity- Vienna. The OSCE provided its views and recommendations building programmes in the “Conference on Criminal Justice regarding the development of a handbook on cybercrime in Cyberspace” in Bucharest, organized by the CoE and being developed by FRA. In so doing, TNTD/SPMU provided Romanian Presidency of the Council of the EU, TNTD/SPMU information about the main features of cybercrime, the presented the OSCE’s activities in combating cybercrime. available legal and technical tools and jurisprudence. On the margins of the event, TNTD/SPMU held working level meetings with representatives of the CoE’s Cybercrime From 17 to 21 June, TNTD/SPMU conducted a needs Programme Office to co-ordinate future activities. assessment visit to Yerevan, led by two TNTD/SPMU contracted experts, to assist the criminal justice institutions During 2019, a second round of national training activities was to better understand their challenges and capacity-building organized by beneficiaries of the project “Capacity-Building needs in investigating and prosecuting cybercrime. On 6 for Criminal Justice Practitioners Combating Cybercrime November, in front of 29 national partners and stakeholders, and Cyber-enabled Crime in South-Eastern Europe”, a joint TNTD/SPMU presented the draft report entitled “Assessment initiative of TNTD/SPMU and FOs in the region. In Serbia, of national capacities in investigating and prosecuting a training course on collecting and documenting evidence cybercrime in Armenia”, with the final version agreed with from online sources took place on 28 and 29 March in the institutions. Zlatibor and 18 and 19 April in Niš, in total, targeting 22 police officers. In North Macedonia, a course on open-source From 7 to 11 October, aimed at improving the response of intelligence investigation for 19 police officers took place on the criminal justice system in addressing crimes committed from 1 to 2 April in Skopje. In BiH, training on introduction using IT devices, in co-operation with the Georgian MoI’s to cybercrime and cyber-enabled crime was organized for Academy and CoE, TNTD/SPMU organized training in 24 police officers from 8-10 May in Sarajevo. From 13 to 17 Tbilisi on computer forensic for six officials from different May, TNTD/SPMU organized a training course on live data national institutions, thereby facilitating the establishment forensics for 19 police officers in Tirana. TNTD/SPMU also of a ‘pool of experts’ who can support other criminal supported development of national versions of the training justice practitioners in data recovery. The training provided material for a course on handling digital evidence in BiH and participants with an in-depth knowledge on the information Montenegro, which were donated to the respective police recovery cycle, investigation and use of data. training agencies. On 19 November, TNTD/SPMU facilitated a workshop On 12 March, at the “3rd International Conference on in Baku on enhancing co-operation between the private Cybersecurity and Cybercrime” in Sarajevo, TNTD/SPMU and public sector in the fight against cybercrime for 30 presented this project and the OSCE’s work in the field of representatives from the Azerbaijan Government, CoE, cybercrime and cybersecurity. Facebook, Microsoft, Austrian Institute of Technology and Ordina Belgium. During the workshop, panelists highlighted On 24 May, in co-operation with the OSCE Chairmanship the achievements, challenges, and lessons learned stemming and hosted by the Austrian Federal MoI, TNTD/SPMU from current public-private partnerships, discussing also organized a concluding conference “Crime in the Digital Age: criminal justice responses to the role of digital technologies Enhancing Capacities of Criminal Justice Institutions across in conducting or facilitating law enforcement as well as the OSCE Area” in Vienna. In front of some 140 criminal the actions of the prosecution service in the fight against justice practitioners and representatives of participating cybercrime. States, OSCE Partners for Co-operation and international

25  From 20 to 22 November, TNTD/SPMU attended the annual CoE’s Octopus conference held in Strasbourg, which gathered experts from 80 countries, international organizations, private sector and academia in exchanging information on cybercrime. TNTD/SPMU was invited to discuss the response and co-operation in the fields of cybercrime, criminal justice and rule of law challenges in cyberspace, data protection issues and mapping responses on online child sexual exploitation and sexual abuse.

TNTD/SPMU – Police-Related Activities 2019

15 28 Total Analysis of Lessons Training 105 Learned, Assessments and Guidelines Information 62 Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 51%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 49%

26  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

2.3 TNTD/Action against Terrorism Unit

Counter-Terrorism and P/C VERLT Vienna for five trainers from Kazakhstan on countering On 28 and 29 January, TNTD/ATU was invited by the terrorist financing. The course was led by international International Institute for Justice and the Rule of Law to experts and included sessions on sources of information, deliver a presentation on “Bridging the Divide within the case management, investigation, and preventing the abuse Criminal Justice System to Improve the Detection and of non-profit organizations for terrorist financing. It is Intervention of Homegrown Terrorism” during the Global anticipated that the participants will deliver training for peers Workshop on the implementation of the related Global in Kazakhstan, together with international experts from the Counterterrorism Forum (GCTF) Rabat-Washington Good OSCE, UNODC/GPML and Eurasian Group on Combating Practices in Valletta. During the session led by TNTD/ATU, Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (EAG). discussions focused on ensuring that key actors, such as local law enforcement officials, remain aware of the signs of From 3 to 4 April, in partnership with the Mission to radicalization to violence. Montenegro and Embassy of Slovakia, TNTD/ATU, organized a “National Seminar on Cyber Security and Use From 6 to 7 February, invited to participate in a plenary of Internet for Terrorist Purposes and Organized Crime” in meeting of the GCTF Criminal Justice and Rule of Law Podgorica. The event gathered 32 representatives from the WG held in Malaga, TNTD/ATU highlighted the various MFA, MoD, Ministry of Public Administration (MoPA), OSCE initiatives and capacity-building efforts undertaken Ministry of Justice (MoJ), National Security Agency (NSA), in relation to criminal justice and the rule of law within the Agency for Personal Data Protection, PD and Army. context of counter-terrorism. From 10 to 12 April and 15 to 17 May, in co-operation with On 20 and 21 February, TNTD/ATU was invited to the UNODC and ICITAP, TNTD/ATU organized two training first regional workshop in the Middle East and North courses on countering terrorist financing in Tirana to Albanian Africa region in Cairo, which promoted international co- experts and practitioners from the MoJ, General Directorate operation in countering terrorist financing and the nexus for the Prevention of Money Laundering (Albanian Financial with money laundering. Co-organized by UNODC and Intelligence Unit), State Intelligence Service (SIS), ASP, and gathering prosecutors from the region and Gulf states, along Prosecution Office for Serious Crimes. with experts from other UN agencies and international organizations, TNTD/ATU shared the OSCE’s experience in On 17 and 18 April, in co-operation with the Turkmenistan the realm of countering financing of terrorism and enhancing MFA and Ministry of Economy and Finance (MoEF), Centre co-operation between participating States. in Ashgabat and OCEEA, TNTD/ATU organized a senior- level regional conference on “Countering Terrorist Financing From 25 to 27 February, in co-operation with UNODC’s and Organized Crime”. Global Programme against Money Laundering (GPML) and Programme Office in Dushanbe, TNTD/ATU organized From 16 to 17 May, with the aim of discussing the linkages a training course in Dushanbe on countering terrorist between terrorism and transnational organized crime, in financing for 15 Tajik participants from the GPO, the co-operation with the Programme Office in Dushanbe, UN, National Bank’s Financial Monitoring Department, MoI, and and EU, TNTD/ATU assisted the Tajikistan Government State Committee for National Security. in organizing a senior-level Conference in Dushanbe on “International and Regional Co-operation on Countering From 27 February to 1 March, in co-operation with the Terrorism and its Financing Through Illicit Drug Trafficking Presence in Albania and UNODC/GPML, TNTD/ATU and Organized Crime”. organized a ToT course in Vienna for Albanian trainers on countering terrorist financing. The course focused on in- From 11 to 15 June, in co-operation with UNODC, TNTD/ country and region-specific scenarios with practical exercises, ATU organized a training course in Burabay on investigations covering related threats, sources of information, money flows, to counter terrorist financing. The course gathered 16 the tackling of financial intelligence, and strategic analysis. beneficiaries from the MoI, Financial Monitoring Committee, the National Security Committee’s Counter Terrorism On 6 and 7 March, in co-operation with the Programme Centre, GPO (including the Academy of Law Enforcement Office in Nur-Sultan, TNTD/ATU organized training in Agencies), and State Revenues Committee.

27  and 30 experts in Issyk-Kul from the law enforcement institutions, ICT industry, civil society, and media.

On 2 October, TNTD/ATU launched the handbook on Understanding the Role of Gender in Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism that Leads to Terrorism – Good Practices for Law Enforcement in English and Russian in Vienna. The handbook aims to build awareness and capacities in the law enforcement and security sector on the importance of gender in P/C VERLT.

From 23 to 25 October, to assist in the implementation of international standards such as UN Security Council Resolutions (UNSCR), the Financial Action Task Force A multi-agency team of Albanian experts working on an (FATF) on Money Laundering recommendations, OSCE exercise during the Investigation course on Countering the and UN commitments, in co-operation with the Project Co- Financing of Terrorism, Golem, 25 September 2019. ordinator in Uzbekistan, UNODC’s GPML and its Regional (OSCE/Daria Papkina) Office for Central Asia, TNTD/ATU organized a foundation course in Tashkent on countering the financing of terrorism for 25 national experts and practitioners from the GPO, MoI From 25 to 29 June, in co-operation with the Programme and State Security Service (SSS). Office in Dushanbe, TNTD/ATU and UNODC, co-organized a training course on investigation skills, tools and methods From 5 to 7 November, in co-operation with the Programme to counter terrorist financing. The course gathered 18 Office in Nur Sultan, UNODC’s GPML and its Regional Office experts and practitioners from the MoI, GPO, National for Central Asia, TNTD/ATU organized a training course in Bank’s Financial Monitoring Department, MoI, and State Burabay on the financial disruption of terrorist networks. Committee for National Security. International experts delivered training alongside four local government officials who had taken part in a ToT course in From 27 to 28 June, TNTD/ATU and ODIHR co-organized Vienna organized by the OSCE and UNODC. During the a training workshop on “Human Rights in Counter- course, 13 national experts and practitioners from the GPO, Terrorism Investigations” in Tashkent. The training module Committee for Financial Monitoring, MoI and SSS studied was a practically oriented and scenario-based course for analytical and operational planning methods and learned law enforcement officers, jointly developed by TNTD and how inter-agency co-operation can contribute to disrupting HRAT, based on the OSCE-ODIHR Manual on Human terrorist financial networks. Rights in Counter-Terrorism Investigations. Participants that attended the workshop included investigators and other law From 8 to 9 October and 13 to 14 November, in co-operation enforcement officers working in counter-terrorism. with the Presence in Albania and Programme Office in Dushanbe, TNTD/ATU organized seminars in Dushanbe From 24 to 25 July, in co-operation with the Centre in on “Strengthening Rule of Law-compliant Criminal Ashgabat, TNTD/ATU organized a seminar in Ashgabat Justice Responses to Terrorism”, gathering practitioners on “Strengthening Rule of Law-compliant Criminal Justice from relevant government agencies and civil society. The Responses to Terrorism”, gathering 27 practitioners from seminars focused on best practice as detailed in the GCTF various government agencies and the Bar Association. The Rabat Memorandum, covering terrorism prevention and event focused on best practice as detailed in the GCTF prosecution measures, emphasizing respect for human rights Rabat Memorandum, covering terrorism prevention and and other international law standards. prosecution measures, highlighting respect for human rights and other international law standards. From 19 to 21 November, with the support of the Mission to Serbia, UN Counter Terrorism Committee Executive From 21 to 23 August and 25 to 27 August, in co-operation Directorate, INTERPOL, and UN Office of Counter- with the Programme Offices in Dushanbe and Bishkek, Terrorism (UNOCT), TNTD/ATU organized a regional TNTD/ATU organized two 'table top' exercises on preventing expert workshop in Skopje for representatives from the SEE and countering the use of the Internet for terrorist purposes. region on the protection of critical infrastructure against The events brought together 45 representatives in Dushanbe terrorist attacks.

28  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

From 4 to 6 December, a training workshop was organized on From 16 to 17 December, TNTD/ATU organized an OSCE- countering the financing of terrorism in Tashkent. The course wide expert seminar in Vienna on “Promoting Resilience of was organized for 19 national experts and practitioners from Soft Targets against Terrorist Attacks through Public-Private the relevant government agencies and included sessions on Partnerships”. In total, more than 120 national experts, financial intelligence, an introduction to financial analysis, representatives from international and regional organizations, vulnerability and network analysis. The course also included private sector, academia and civil society examined why the practical exercises where participants were shown how to protection of soft targets against terrorist attacks is critical. apply a range of analytical techniques to realistic scenarios, including how to use financial investigations to better assess From 17 to 18 December, in partnership with the UNCTED, the threats posed by terrorist groups. UNODC, and International Association of Prosecutors, TNTD/ATU organized a regional workshop in Vienna for On 12 and 13 December, in partnership with the Tajikistan criminal justice practitioners in Central Asia on “Obtaining Government, Institute for War and Peace Reporting, Electronic Evidence from Private Communications Service and Civil Initiative on Internet Policy Public Foundation, Providers In Counter-Terrorism And Related Organized TNTD/ATU organized an expert level meeting in Crime Cross-Border Investigations”. Dushanbe, addressing the digital dimensions of violent extremism in Central Asia. The 70 participants from across Central Asia and Afghanistan included representatives of law enforcement agencies, state institutions, ICT industry, civil society, youth, academia, and media.

TNTD/ATU – Police-Related Activities 2019

3

Total Analysis of Lessons Training 13 27 Learned, Assessments 11 Information and Guidelines Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 0%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 100%

29  2.4 TNTD/Border Security and Management Unit

Introduction The OSCE Secretariat (Secretariat), through the Border Security and Management Unit of the Transnational Threats Department (TNTD/BSMU), supports and assists the OSCE Chairmanship, executive structures, FOs and institutions in their efforts to promote open and secure borders as elaborated in the OSCE Border Security and Management Concept (BSMC) (MC.DOC/2/05) adopted in Ljubljana in December 2005 and other relevant international and regional documents such as 2016 MC Decision on enhancing the use of API (MC.DEC/6/16) and the UNSCR 2396 (2017).

In 2019, the OSCE Border Security and Management National Focal Points (BSM NFP) Network contributed to the exchange of information and strengthening co-operation between border security and management services of participating States and Partners for Co-operation. TNTD/BSMU interactions with a number of international and regional actors, such as the UNODC, UNOCT, ICAO, IOM, Frontex, INTERPOL, International Air Transport Association (IATA), WCO and FOs, also contributed to dialogue and co-operation between participating States and Partners for Co-operation in the Mediterranean region.

TNTD/BSMU maintained the OSCE BSM NFP network and provided training and capacity development activities to border security and management services of participating States and Partners for Co-operation. It provided frontline officers with a series of training courses on detecting forgery of travel documents. Furthermore, TNTD/BSMU organized three deployment missions and one advanced training course for new members of MTTs on identifying and interviewing potential returnees. TNTD/BSMU also organized activities to promote and adopt API and PNR systems.

visit to the Istanbul International Airport. Five trainings on Activities Related to Threats travel document security were also organized for 93 North Macedonian, Serbian and Mongolian border officials to Posed by Criminal Activity strengthen their capacities in identifying forged documents and criminals at the borders. Cross-Border Co-operation in Criminal Matters These activities supplemented TNTD/BSMU efforts To address the cross-border movement of FTFs, TNTD/ to prevent the movement of FTFs in line with UNSCR BSMU organized three training workshops on identifying 2178 (2014) and UNSCR 2396 (2017), as well as OSCE and interviewing potential FTF/criminals at the borders for MC.DEC/6/16 on Enhancing the Use of API6. In 2019, first- and second-line border officers in deployment missions TNTD/BSMU conducted API/PNR workshops in Armenia, of OSCE MTTs. A training programme incorporated sessions Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan for 103 on the international legal framework, travel document local experts. The workshops also resulted in the ‘follow-up’ security, risk analysis, management in border security as consultancy missions and development of a ‘Road Map’ for well as identifying and interviewing potential FTFs in line Tajikistan. with international human rights standards at entry and exit border check points of participating States. Further capacity-building activities included one advanced training 6 The API allows law enforcement authorities to receive information about travellers before their arrival in a country, making it an effective tool in preventing cross-border workshop for six newly selected MTT members and a study movement of potential terrorists and criminals.

30  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

In November, in co-operation with UNOCT, TNTD/BSMU organized the 3rd OSCE-wide Seminar on Passenger Data Exchange for 170 experts and law enforcement officials in Vienna. During the event, UNOCT Counter Terrorist Programme and TNTD agreed on the joint initiatives on API in participating States and Mediterranean Partners for Co-operation (Egypt, Israel and Monglia). The participation of the private sector also helped to facilitate public-private communications and collaboration on the establishment of passenger data exchange systems.

A joint OSCE-Frontex meeting of focal points for Western Balkan States was organized on 11-12 September in Vienna OSCE Mediterranean Points of Contact during a study for 48 participants. This meeting of experts from UNOCT, visit to Guardia di Finanza’s Air Unit, Bari, 11 June 2019. UNODC, IOM, ICAO, NATO, EU, BORDERPOL, Frontex, (Guardia di Finanza) IATA, and INTERPOL resulted in the launch of a mechanism between TNTD and Frontex on co-ordinating travel document security capacity-building in the SEE region. Border Security and Management / Customs In 2019, TNTD/BSMU organized six workshops on In April, with support of the OSCE Slovak Chairmanship, “Trafficking in Cultural Property (TCP)” in Dushanbe, TNTD/BSMU organized the “13th Annual Meeting of the Podgorica, Rome and Ulaanbaatar. Around 66 international OSCE Border Security and Management National Focal and local experts increased their operational awareness in Points Network” in Bratislava. In front of 109 participants, the these countries. These activities provided an opportunity to meeting focused on promoting cross-border co-operation and discuss the most comprehensive approaches to respond to confidence-building to address emerging transnational threats this transnational threat in co-ordination with the relevant and challenges related to border security and management national, international and regional organizations, education in the OSCE area and beyond. The event provided the institutions and private sector. The workshops also resulted opportunity for participants to discuss ways to enhance in the translation and publication of the INTERPOL TCP national expertise, interagency co-operation, and information Guidebook. sharing mechanisms. Based on the recommendations agreed at the meeting, the International Civil Aviation Organization In June and October, TNTD/BSMU organized two regional Public Key Directory project was subsequently upgraded and a training courses for the Mediterranean Points of Contacts new project on promotion of the biometrics was launched. In (PoC) on Border Security and Management. The first event, addition, TNTD developed and published the brochure Gender organized at the Guardia di Finanza HQ in Bari, focused on Made Easy for ‘first-line’ border officers and, in partnership the familiarization with the API/PNR systems. The second with the CPC and Forum Security Co-operation (FSC), training seminar, organized by TNTD/BSMU in Madrid, organized the “Thematic NFP Meeting” for 26 participants focused on gender aspects of terrorism, violent extremism in the framework of the “OSCE Co-ordination Meeting and THB as well as on gender mainstreaming in border on SALW”. security. Throughout 2019, TNTD/BSMU encouraged participating During 2019, TNTD/BSMU provided expertise for capacity- States and Partners for Co-operation to align their BSM building activities organized by the OSCE Border Management policies and procedures with international and regional best Staff College (BMSC) in Dushanbe and Centre in Ashgabat, practice. In August, TNTD/BSMU organized the “Central promoting co-operation between border security and Asian Workshop on Demarcation and Delimitation Practices” management agencies across the OSCE area. In total, TNTD/ in Bishkek. In total, 16 participants discussed the application BSMU participated and contributed at some 11 training of the OSCE Guidebook on Delimitation and Demarcation events, conferences and workshops, which were all aimed published in 2017. In November, TNTD/BSMU organized at addressing cross-border co-operation with international the “Central Asian Border Management Initiative Conference: and regional organizations, such as the UNOCT, UNODC, New Perspectives” in Almaty, gathering 36 participants from ICAO, NATO, World Border Organization, Frontex, IATA, Central Asia as well as representatives from IOM, International WCO and INTERPOL. Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), Austrian Federal MoI, EU Border Management in Central Asia (EU BOMCA) and European External Action Service.

31  TNTD/BSMU – Police-Related Activities 2019

2

Total Analysis of Lessons Training 27 43 Learned, Assessments 14 Information and Guidelines Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 0%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 100%

32  3 Police-Related Activities of other Thematic Units

33  3.1 Programme for Gender Issues

Introduction The Programme for Gender Issues (the Programme) within the OSG supported participating States in preparing National Action Plans to implement UNSCR 1325 on “Women, Peace and Security” agenda and in implementing activities aimed at preventing and combating gender- based violence.

Activities Related to From 2016 to early 2020, the Programme implemented the project “OSCE Survey on the Well-being and Safety of Women General Police Development in South-East Europe and Eastern Europe”. The research

and Reform looked into the different forms of violence against women perpetrated by partners and non-partners and examined the prevalence of violence against women in conflict-affected Gender-Based Violence contexts. The scope of the project included Albania, BiH, The Programme co-operated with TNTD/SPMU on activities Montenegro, North Macedonia, Moldova, Serbia and and projects aimed at combating gender-based violence. Ukraine. The research was also conducted in Kosovo7. Support was provided for specialized training and regional awareness-rising campaign against gender-based violence Cross-regional results showed that 70 per cent of women, or in Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania. The above-mentioned an estimated number of 16 million women, have experienced awareness-raising material was presented by the Programme some form of psychological, physical or sexual violence, sexual at roundtable events in Uzbekistan and shared with FOs harassment or stalking since they were 15 years old. However, as an example of best practice. The material has now been even following the most serious incidents of physical and or translated into the Russian and Uzbek languages and further sexual violence, the police was not informed in most cases. promoted by state authorities in Uzbekistan. Only seven per cent of women contacted the police following the most serious incidents of current partner violence. The main barriers why women did not report incidents to the police include shame, lack of trust in institutions and fear of retribution from the perpetrator. Persisting harmful attitudes, for example that domestic violence is a private matter, constitute a further barrier to reporting.

In 2019, the research findings were launched during four international events in Brussels, New York, Vienna and Cape Town and in eight locally launched public events conducted in those locations where the survey had been implemented. A targeted regional social media campaign was also conducted, reaching more than 35 million persons. FOs and other OSCE executive structures are now using the results of the research in the development and implementation of their ongoing programmatic activities.

A police poster that was distributed in local languages in all locations where the OSCE-led Survey on the ‘Well-being 7 All references to Kosovo, whether to the territory, institutions, or population, in this and Safety of Women’ project was conducted. text should be understood in full compliance with United Nations Security Council (Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine) Resolution 1244.

34  Police-Related Activities of other Thematic Units

Programme for Gender Issues – Police-Related Activities 2019

2

Total Information Analysis of Lessons 16 Exchange / Institution Learned, Assessments and Capacity-Building and Guidelines

14

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 100%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 0%

35  3.2 Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings

Introduction In line with the MC Decisions No. 02/03 and No. 3/06, the OSR/CTHB is mandated to address all forms of THB, to ensure the co-ordination of the OSCE’s efforts in combating THB across all three dimensions and to act as a focal point for the OSCE’s efforts in this area. In 2019, the Office continued its efforts to support participating States and Partners for Co-operation in preventing and prosecuting human trafficking and protecting its victims in line with the OSCE anti-trafficking commitments and recommendations set forth in the 2003 OSCE Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, its 2005 and 2013 Addenda as well as the 2017-2018 MC Decisions. A number of research activities, including on the current challenges in addressing THB, was supported through awareness-raising and capacity-building efforts, including training, workshops and live simulation-based exercises. Particular attention was dedicated to situations of increased vulnerability and to vulnerable groups, such as women and children.

The OSR/CTHB further developed core programmes around thematic areas of greatest need and potential impact, including combating human trafficking along migration routes, ending child trafficking, preventing THB in supply chains, and using technology to combat THB. The OSR/CTHB co-operated with relevant thematic units in other OSCE executive structures in delivering projects and joint activities through its network of Anti-Trafficking Focal Points, which included co-operation with TNTD/SPMU on issues of mutual concern, including police- related matters.

Activities Related to Threats On 18 July, in co-operation with FOs in the SEE, the OSR/ CTHB organized a workshop in Sarajevo on identifying Posed by Criminal Activity victims of human trafficking in migration flows. More than 40 practitioners from six countries of the region participated Trafficking in Human Beings and in the workshop, which focused on how the guidelines could Migration-related Crime be adapted to national legislation and operations in SEE. In recent years, the OSR/CTHB has been actively engaged in Participants included practitioners who interact on daily with assisting participating States and Partners for Co-operation people ‘on the move’ along the Western Balkan migration to better address migration-related human trafficking route, including representatives of law enforcement, challenges in line with OSCE commitments. Following migration agencies, public social services, civil society, and extensive consultations with relevant stakeholders from the international organizations. participating States most affected by the influx of migrants, in March, the OSR/CTHB published its Uniform Guidelines for Simulation-based trainings remained part of ongoing efforts the Identification and Referral of Victims of Human Trafficking by the OSR/CTHB to enhance countries’ capacities in within the Migrant and Refugee Reception Framework in the identifying and assisting victims through multi-national and OSCE Region. The document offers a set of practical measures cross-sectoral approaches. designed to enhance the identification of victims of human trafficking by front-line professionals engaged in migrant and On 7 March, the OSR/CTHB published a Practical Handbook refugee reception procedures in the OSCE region. on How to Conduct Simulation-based Training Exercises to

36  Police-Related Activities of other Thematic Units

Combat Human Trafficking, providing practical insights for the development of simulation-based exercises on combating human trafficking, as pioneered by the OSR/CTHB. The handbook further provided guidance on reproducing this capacity-building methodology and collecting the best practice and lessons learned from the simulation-based trainings previously carried out by the OSR/CTHB, thus facilitating the conducting of effective and fine-tuned simulations in the future, especially at the national level. In December, a Russian-language version of the handbook was also published.

On 14 March, the OSR/CTHB conducted a briefing on the Russian-language International Simulation-Based Training An example of a multi-agency rescue of victims of human in Minsk for national partners and stakeholders, including trafficking conducted as part of the second international representatives of the law enforcement and prosecution Russian-language simulation-based exercise organized by agencies. the Office in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, June 2019. (OSCE)

From 24 to 28 June, supported by the FOs and international partners, the OSR/CTHB organized a second Russian- Ukraine and Uzbekistan – have all expressed their intention language “International Simulation-Based Training on to organize similar exercises in 2020 and 2021. Combating Human Trafficking along Migration Routes” in Nur-Sultan. More than 70 professionals from law While traffickers change the modalities of committing THB enforcement agencies, labour inspectorates, border and crime and increasingly use technology to recruit, control migration authorities, prosecution offices, CSOs and public and exploit victims, the anti-trafficking community is also social services from 17 participating States participated in exploring ways to use technology to prevent exploitation, the training. The exercise offered front-line responders protect victims and assist in holding traffickers to account. the opportunity to be trained on real-life anti-trafficking To this end, in 2019, the OSR/CTHB focused its efforts responses to simulated cases of human trafficking for labour on supporting participating States in understanding and sexual exploitation, including child victims. and responding to the 'dual nature' of technology as it relates to THB. From 16 to 20 September, the OSR/CTHB organized the first Mediterranean English-language “International Simulation- From 8 to 9 April, the OSR/CTHB organized the 19th Based Training on Combating Human Trafficking along Alliance against Trafficking in Persons Conference in Vienna Migration Routes” in Vicenza. More than 74 professionals entitled “Using Technology to Combat Trafficking in Human from the law enforcement agencies, judiciary, social service Beings: Turning a Liability into an Asset”. More than 400 providers, asylum agencies and civil society from 38 countries practitioners, including from law enforcement and judiciary attended the five-day training. For the first time, the training agencies, across all participating States and Partners for Co- also included participants from six Partners for Co-operation operation participated in the conference. Four expert-based as well as ten participants from six African countries (whose panels addressed the misuse of technology in facilitating participation was funded by the UN). The aim of the activity trafficking, the use of technology as a tool for preventative was to enhance the capacity of participants to effectively and victim-protection measures, and the current and future identify, investigate and prosecute human trafficking cases strategic approaches to technology and THB. The conference amongst migrants and refugees in mixed migration flows in also created new networks and partnerships between the Mediterranean region. technology firms, civil society, law enforcement agencies and international organizations. Conference side events also The success of the international exercise conducted by OSR/ provided a forum for interaction on more specialized aspects CTHB paved the way for the sustainability of this effort. of technology and THB, by helping to highlight the practical Inspired by the methodology and the tangible results in the use of ICT tools in improving the proactive identification form of the joint rescuing of the victims and investigation of victims of trafficking, preventing child trafficking via the of trafficking cases, from 14 to 18 October, Kazakhstan Internet, the potential of block chain technology in identifying conducted its first national simulation-based training. risks in supply chains, and the role that data visualization and Other countries – including Albania, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, data analysis tools can play in highlighting the risks of THB.

37  On 16 January, the OSCE SG opened the “Tech Against challenges faced by participating States in regard to the design Trafficking Advisory Group In-Person Meeting” hosted by and use of new technologies, including for the purposes of the OSR/CTHB in Vienna. Such co-operation with private countering security threats, with a focus on ensuring respect technology companies is crucial in preventing and combatting for human rights and fundamental freedoms. the use of business services and platforms by traffickers. Country visits stand at the core of the OSR/CTHB’s mandate, On 22 May, during the 28th session of the UN Commission serving to establish a direct and constructive dialogue with on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, held in Vienna, participating States on anti-trafficking policy and to raise the the OSR/CTHB participated in a side event entitled “The Role profile of anti-trafficking efforts in the OSCE region. In 2019, of Technology in Facilitating and Addressing Sex Trafficking”. the OSR/CTHB conducted country visits to Croatia and Georgia as well as follow-up visits to Romania and Tajikistan. On 10 July, as co-chair of the Inter-Agency Co-ordination Through consultations with government authorities, Group against Trafficking in Persons (ICAT), the OSR/ parliamentarians, law enforcement agencies, judiciary and CTHB contributed to a side-event on the role of technology civil society, these visits enabled the Special Representative in combating THB at the 41st Session of the Human Rights to highlight the anti-trafficking agenda at the highest levels Council in Geneva. The event addressed the role of ICT in of government, identify good practices, share knowledge and combating trafficking in persons from the perspectives of lessons learned with participating States, and provide technical various stakeholders, presenting an opportunity to mark the assistance, when appropriate. At the request of participating World Day against Trafficking in Persons. States, the OSR/CTHB also conducted technical assistance visits to Iceland and Turkmenistan, particularly focusing on In July, the OSR/CTHB facilitated the development, the challenges related to the co-ordination of anti-trafficking publication and circulation of the ICAT Issue Brief on efforts at the national level and in the provision of effective Human Trafficking and Technology: Trends, Challenges assistance to victims of human trafficking. and Opportunities. By providing clear, digestible overviews of specific issues relating to THB, the ICAT Issue Briefs On 14 March, the OSR/CTHB organized and led a side-event assist global anti-trafficking community in developing joint on “Preventing Trafficking of Women and Girls for Sexual approaches regarding emerging challenges. Exploitation: Understanding States Obligation to Address Demand under the Palermo Protocol” held on the margins of From 30 to 31 July, in co-operation with TNTD/SPMU, the the “63rd Commission on the Status of Women” in New York. OSR/CTHB organized a regional workshop in Minsk on “The Use of Effective Investigative Techniques to Combat Sexual On 17 May, the OSR/CTHB and ECPAT (End Child Exploitation and THB in the Light of New Technologies”. Prostitution and Trafficking) co-organized a roundtable in Participants at the event included senior prosecutors and Vienna entitled “Child Trafficking and Child Protection: law enforcement representatives specializing in countering Ensuring Sustainable Solutions in the Child’s Best Interests”. trafficking and cybercrimes from Belarus, Estonia, France, Over 30 members from the ECPAT network discussed the Italy, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine, UK and US. role of civil society in combating THB and how CSOs can advocate for the better protection of child victims of human On 20 September, within the framework of the Human trafficking, including during their interaction with criminal Dimension Implementation Meeting in Warsaw, the OSR/ justice sector. The discussions helped to develop a concrete CTHB organized a side event on how CSOs can leverage action plan to better promote the recommendations in the technology to fight THB. The best practices and knowledge OSR/CTHB’s occasional paper on sustainable solutions for acquired at high-level events such as the Alliance Conference trafficked children, in line with the recent MC Decision 7/17 were shared with civil society to inspire the broader use of and Decision 6/18. technology in anti-trafficking efforts. The presence of law enforcement and other anti-trafficking practitioners also From 25 to 27 September, the OSR/CTHB organized and allowed for a fruitful discussion on the added value that civil contributed to several ICAT-facilitated events held on the society can bring in this regard. margins of the 74th Session of the UN General Assembly in New York. These included a roundtable on ways to strengthen On 8 November, the SR/CTHB contributed to the “Security the fight against impunity of traffickers, a photography Days” expert roundtable on “A Human Rights-Centred exhibition entitled “From the frontlines of human trafficking”, Approach to Technology and Development” held in Vienna. and a high-level panel discussion on multi-stakeholder More than 150 participants from across the OSCE area partnerships against THB with the participation of the OSCE engaged in an interactive discussion, which highlighted the SG and UNDOC Executive Director. These events served to

38  Police-Related Activities of other Thematic Units

further raise the profile of the anti-trafficking agenda and financial investigations in combating human trafficking and demonstrated the value of international co-ordination. highlighted the most interesting aspects of this new resource.

From 22 to 23 October, National Anti-Trafficking Co- From 13 to 14 November, the OSR/CTHB, the Supreme Court ordinators and Rapporteurs from 42 countries across the of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Shanghai Co-operation OSCE region gathered in Bratislava for the largest annual Organization (SCO) and the OSCE Project Co-ordinator meeting of this kind at the international level. The meeting in Uzbekistan, in co-operation with other FOs, organized was organized by the OSR/CTHB and CoE and hosted by an OSCE-wide conference on the role of the judiciary the Slovak OSCE Chairmanship. The discussions focused on in combating THB in Tashkent. Judges from the highest ways to enhance the protection of child victims of trafficking, criminal courts from 23 countries discussed the current measures to reduce the demand that leads to human human trafficking-related challenges and the ways to foster trafficking for different exploitative purposes, and the role the implementation of OSCE commitments. Strengthening of National Anti-Trafficking Co-ordinators and Rapporteurs the role of the judiciary as a part of the criminal justice in engaging civil society in anti-trafficking policy-making, system to effectively combat THB was also discussed during the prevention, identification and assistance provided to the conference. OSCE anti-trafficking principles, such as victims of trafficking, and support provided to victims during the application of victim-centred and trauma-informed criminal and other proceedings. approaches, the non-punishment principle, the abuse of a position of vulnerability as well as emerging issues in the On 11 November, the OSR/CTHB organized a launch event judicial response to human trafficking and their connection in Vienna to promote a newly produced compendium of to national case law were among the other main topics of resources for financial investigations into THB crimes discussion. combined with a practical ‘step-by-step’ guide. The Following the Money resource categorizes more than 600 On 12 December, the OSR/CTHB organized a roundtable indicators and typologies of human trafficking and outlines in Nur-Sultan on the prevention of THB in the travel a list of steps needed to establish a framework for successful and hospitality industries. The event brought together financial investigations. During the launch, two panels representatives from state agencies regulating tourism, composed of leading global experts discussed the role of hospitality, hotel and transport sectors from Central Asia.

OSR/CTHB – Police-Related Activities 2019

Information 17 3 Exchange / Institution Total and Capacity-Building 31 Training 11 Analysis of Lessons Learned, Assessments and Guidelines

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 0%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 100%

39  It focused on governmental policies and partnerships with (BSEC) Chairmanship-in-Office, the OSR/CTHB organized the private sector that may have an impact on reducing a conference in Athens on enhancing the anti-trafficking exploitation in these sectors. response in the Black Sea region. The conference gathered anti-trafficking practitioners from 12 BSEC Member States On 2 December, in co-operation with the Greek MFA, to discuss a wide range of issues, including building more Office of the National Rapporteur on Combating THB as effective frameworks to identify and assist trafficked victims, well as the International Centre for Black Sea Studies in the preventing THB in supply chains through public procurement, framework of Hellenic Black Sea Economic Co-operation and the power of technology in combating THB.

40  4 Police-Related Activities of Field Operations South-Eastern Europe 42

Eastern Europe 99

Central Asia 105

41  S outh - East e rn Europ e

4.1. Presence in Albania

Introduction During 2019, the OSCE Presence in Albania (the Presence) focused its police-related activities on three key-areas: i) a stronger commitment towards investigation of serious and organized crime through financial intelligence, police-prosecutors co-operation and support to Joint Investigation Teams (JITs); ii) tackling transnational threats; and iii) intensifying national and regional law enforcement co-operation, including cross-border information exchanges, risk analysis and attention to migration issues.

The Presence continued to promote a citizen and community perspective against crime and insecurity. It supported community policing and assisted a multi-agency engagement against radicalization and extremism with the Government’s Co-ordination Centre, the ASP and the

BUDGET (UB)*

2019 2018 TOTAL TOTAL 2,981,200 EUR 2,917,900 EUR 84% 11% 12% SECURITY CO-OPERATION SECURITY CO-OPERATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT 366,000 EUR 327,800 EUR

STAFF* 2019 2018 TOTAL SECURITY CO-OPERATION TOTAL SECURITY CO-OPERATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT 9 Total 9 Total 6 Local Total 11% 6 Local 84 Total 3 International 3 International 11% 84

(UB)1

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Presence in Albania.

42  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

previously pioneered Local Safety Councils (LSCs). Activities against illicit migration and human trafficking, as with other related phenomena, focused on prevention, protection and prosecution, while continuing to strengthen inter-agency co-operation.

Activities related to signs and messages of violent extremism and radicalization that can lead to terrorism. With the aim of increasing the General Police Development communication between the two target groups, civil society

and Reform representatives exchanged views with police officers on issues of common concern. The event served also as a platform to exchange best practice and experiences on P/C VERLT from Police Development and Reform a community policing approach8. On 13 and 14 May, the Presence hosted the “OSCE Regional Heads of Law Enforcement Department Meeting” in Tirana. In July, with the support of the Mission in Kosovo, the Presence The main focus of the meeting was on discussing the FOs facilitated a working visit of community police officers from activities in the field of SSG/R. the ASP’s Public Order Management Department to their counterparts in Prishtine/Priština. The main aim of the On 4 and 5 June, the Presence took part in a conference meeting was in helping the ASP become better acquainted on “High-level Discussion on Security Sector Governance with the Guide on Implementing and Monitoring Public Reform in South Eastern Europe” in Belgrade, hosted by the Confidence and Satisfaction Programme developed with OSCE Slovakian Chairmanship and Mission to Serbia. The the support of the Mission in Kosovo. During the visit, event brought together senior level government officials, police officers from both sides exchanged best practice on experts, academia and civil society representatives as well the implementation of their respective community policing as international organizations working in the sector from strategies and action plans, with both parties expressing across the region. The Presence facilitated the participation their commitment to co-operate on issues of similar mutual of members of the Parliamentary Committee on National interest. Security. During the first half of 2019, in co-operation with the MoI, From 9 to 10 September, the Presence participated in a the Presence commissioned an expert to finalize and share senior level conference on SSG/R organized by the OSCE the main findings of a survey on public perception on safety Chairmanship in Bratislava. Participants at the event and security in five regions, namely Vlora, Durres, Kukes, included policy makers and national security advisers from Shkodra and Fier9. On 21 October and 1 November, the participating States and Partners for Co-operation, experts Presence organized meetings with local stakeholders in the and practitioners from international, regional, and sub- Fier and Vlora regions, where findings of the report were regional organizations. During the conference, they discussed presented. Each event brought together LSC members, police best practice and lessons learned in strengthening the officers, teachers, youth, civil society, and media. The findings effectiveness and sustainability of national SSG/R processes from each survey helped in identifying areas of security and and ways to make best use of existing OSCE capacities safety publicly trusted and those requiring further assistance, to support national efforts. The Albanian delegation was serving also as a basis for future discussions with targeted represented by a number of senior-level governmental LSCs while developing security action plans for their officials and parliamentarians. communities.

Community Policing, Police-Public During 2019, the Presence co-operated closely with three Relations and Crime Prevention newly established LSCs in Lushnja, Vlora and Puka. With In April, in co-operation with ODIHR, Secretariat and the support of a local expert, the Presence assisted these ICITAP, the Presence organized a pilot training workshop LSCs in drafting security action plans. This assistance was in Tirana for community policing heads and civil society provided through strengthening the capacities of members representatives. The training aimed to support the in developing effective inter-institutional co-operation community policing in Albania and encourage closer co- operation between community policing officer and civil 8 As based on the Secretariat developed training module, designed in the OSCE Guidebook on P/C VERLT. society. In total, 28 participants received training on how to 9 The reports provided detailed data analysis, summary and key findings for each of the work on prevention issues, learning more about the relevant five regions separately.

43  4.1 Presence in Albania

when addressing security challenges at the local level, as contributed to the OSCE-led Survey on “Well-being and well as setting priorities on safety and security, considering Safety of Women’”. the main challenges faced by these respective communities. Community policing officers, community members, youth and media representatives participated in the meetings and workshops held with LSCs. In all, 49 participants took part Activities Related to Threats in these activities. Posed by Criminal Activity On 21 November, 13 December and 17 December, the Presence organized meetings with LSCs in Puka, Lusnja and Criminal Investigations and Analysis Vlora, to present and discuss the action plans. The meetings On 29 May, the Presence supported an operational meeting of included mayors, Heads of Municipal Councils, government JIT at Eurojust (European Union Agency for Criminal Justice officials, civil society and other key local stakeholders Cooperation) HQ in The Hague where Albanian and Italian involved in the law enforcement, education and health sectors Prosecutors and Investigators alongside representatives of as well as from religious communities. During the meetings, Eurojust and Europol discussed how to dismantle organized participants discussed how to develop the infrastructure for crime groups active in Albania and Italy. a model LSC, exploring best practice in inter-institutional co- operation and engaging community policing as an effective In October, the Presence supported the participation of one ‘bridge’ to ensure active community participation when Italian and two Albanian police officers at a Joint JIT operational addressing security challenges. meeting in Rome. The meeting was held in the framework of an ongoing JIT between the Albanian and Italian (Guardia di In November and December, the Presence organized a series Finanza Drug Unit) authorities. From 16 to 18 October, the of workshops for the youth in the regions of Lushnja, Vlora Presence facilitated the third JIT operational meeting, held and Puka with the support of a local expert. The aim of the in Tirana between the Albanian Protected Witness Unit and workshops was to increase youth capacities and empower Spanish Police. The Presence also supported the attendance of them to address local safety and security challenges. In two Spanish Police investigators in the meeting. total, 83 young people attended the workshops, which focused on modern security challenges, radicalization, On 7 and 8 November, the Presence participated in the violent extremism, gender-based violence, role of youth in workshop in Skopje on “Criminal Intelligence Databases public decision-making, effective engagement in LSCs, and and IT Structures Supporting Intelligence-Led Policing” for the importance of co-operation between youth and school SEE and facilitated the attendance of five ASP officers. The security officers in high schools. workshop was organized by TNTD/SPMU in co-operation with the Mission to Skopje. The aim of the workshop was to Gender-Based Violence introduce and discuss three chosen best practice examples of On 9 October, the Presence participated in the Second national criminal intelligence databases structures: namely, Regional Forum on “Integrated Policies, inclusive Austria, Estonia and Israel. Partnerships”, in Tirana, aimed at promoting the Istanbul Convention in the Western Balkans and Turkey. The Regional Cross-Border Co-operation in Forum was organized by the Government, UN Women, CoE Criminal Matters and European Commission (EC). Issues addressed during During 2019, the Presence advanced its support to the Border the event related to strengthening an integrated inter-agency and Migration Police through a series of activities that aimed response to violence against women and improving the to strengthen their levels of professionalism, promoting joint implementation of Istanbul Convention provisions relating cross-border activities in line with recognized international to sexual and other forms of violence in the Western Balkans best practice. and Turkey. International co-operation and intelligence sharing are of In 2019, the Presence participated in a Government WG crucial importance given recent geo-political developments. established to support the implementation of the new national To this end, regional and central level meetings were held survey on violence against women and girls in Albania. The between Albania and its neighbours during the year, aimed survey was conducted by the National Institute of Statistics at enhancing co-operation and ensuring uninterrupted of Albania with the support of UNDP. In March, the Presence communication between law enforcement agencies in the provided its reviews and comments, which were reflected in region. Along with the regular cross-border meetings at the final survey questionnaire. Furthermore, the Presence a regional level (two with North Macedonia and two with

44  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

Montenegro) in Shkodra, Pogradec, Ulcin and Ohrid, a trilateral meeting between Albania, Montenegro and North Macedonia was organized for the first time in Saranda. In addition, a strategic meeting at the central level was organized in December with the participation of Border Police directors from the region. The topics covered included the challenges faced to enhance border security and fight criminal activities along the border, measures taken in regard to migration flows, initiatives taken to cope with the upcoming tourist season, and the situation at the police co-operation centres in terms of their challenges and operability.

From 29 July to 2 August, an assessment of the ‘green border’ between Albania and Montenegro was conducted by the Presence, with the support of European Police Assistance Mission in Albania (PAMECA V). The team, formed by two Albanian border police experts and an international Frontex Border police officers from Albania and Montenegro and expert, visited and assessed the Border Crossing Points (BCP) OSCE staff during the Cross-Border ‘Hot Pursuit’ Simulation in Muriqan, Han I Hotit, Bashkim and Bajze in Shkodra. An Exercise, Shkodra, Albania, 17 October 2019. (Oltjon Milo) evaluation report was subsequently drafted and submitted to the ASP for consideration. the challenges faced in relation to safety and security at the From 15 to 17 October, the Presence organized a cross local level, since they were raised by the participants and border ‘Hot Pursuit’ simulation exercise between Albanian community representatives themselves. and Montenegrin Border Police agencies held at the Muriqan BCP. The exercise discussed the Cross-Border ‘Hot Pursuit’ From 4 to 6 February, the Presence participated in the “Regional Protocol, which has been drafted and negotiated between P/C VERLT working meeting” in Sarajevo, in support of the both countries, but not signed as yet. During the event, development of a guidebook on pre-criminal interventions participants increased their knowledge on cross-border ‘hot and referral mechanisms. The Presence facilitated the pursuit’ concepts and shared practical working experiences. participation in a meeting of three Albanian experts from the Centre, civil society and LSC. The guidebook reflected a Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT comprehensive approach, including an understanding of the During the reporting period, with the aim of increasing the scope and objectives of referral mechanisms and P/C VERLT, knowledge of ‘first-line’ actors and inter-institutional co- the roles of and relationships among key institutions and operation with the Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) stakeholders, the relevant legal and policy frameworks and Centre at the local level, the Presence supported the National protocols, psycho-social care capacities and resource needs, Co-ordination Centre in organizing outreach meetings in the human rights compliant assessment tools, and information regions of Berat, Elbasan, Kukes, Dibra, Gjirokastra and Korça. sharing protocols. In total, 30 meetings were organized in 30 administrative units, with 991 participants, including representatives from On 21 March, the Presence facilitated the attendance of the the LSCs, police, religious communities, civil society, media, Director from the Anti-terrorism Directorate in the ASP at a and youth. The aim was to discuss the current situation conference on “New Approaches and Methods in Combating related to radicalization and violent extremism, to inform and Preventing Jihadist Terrorism” organized by the German local actors about ongoing and upcoming activities of the Ministry of Interior, Digitalization and Migration in Stuttgart. Centre as well as to support the Centre in co-ordinating, integrating and synchronizing its activities with local actors From 25 to 26 March, the Presence sponsored the and establishing local P/C VERLT networks. During a number participation of the Deputy Minister of Interior of these meetings, the Head of Community Policing in the and the National Co-ordinator on CVE at an OSCE–wide ASP General Directorate explained the role of a community Counter-Terrorism conference “Taking Stock of Efforts to policing officer and the importance of the ASP’s co-operation Prevent and Counter Terrorism and VERLT in the OSCE with the local community in the early identification and area” in Bratislava. The conference brought together prevention of VERTL. The meetings presented an opportunity policymakers, national co-ordinators, senior experts and for the Presence and the CVE Centre to better understand practitioners from participating States. Experts from the

45  4.1 Presence in Albania

UN and other international, regional and sub-regional Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors organizations as well as civil society and private sector also On 3 and 4 June, the Presence participated in the OSCE- participated in the event. wide Drug Conference on “Evolving Threat of Synthetic Drugs: from Addiction to Rehabilitation and Reintegration” From 10 to 12 April, in co-operation with TNTD/ in Vienna. The conference brought together 160 experts ATU, UNODC and ICITAP, the Presence facilitated the and practitioners from participating States and Partners organization of a “Foundation Course on Countering the for Co-operation, OSCE executive structures, international Financing of Terrorism”, which was the first in a series of and regional organizations and civil society. The Presence courses held in 2019 and is continuing in 2020. In total, 17 facilitated the participation of two ASP officers, including the practitioners from the Serious Crimes Prosecution Office Head of the Sector Against Narcotics, who moderated one of (SCPO), SIS, ASP, FIU, and Internal Control Service in the the conference sessions. MoJ participated in the training, which took place in Tirana. The instructors consisted of officials from the agencies who Throughout 2019, the Presence facilitated the attendance had participated in the ToT Programme in Vienna as well of five ASP officers at five training courses organized by as international instructors from the UK. The modules CEPOL. The courses were held in June, on “Drug Crime encompassed global threats, regional and national threats, & Markets - Strategic Analysis” in Lisbon; in September the requirements of a terrorist organizational, movement on “Drug trafficking via mail system” in Tallinn, and in and use of money, sources of financial information, and October, November and December on “Operational financial flows. Intelligence Analysis Training”, “Cocaine smuggling” and “Synthetic Drugs” in Budapest. The overall aim was to From 15 to 17 May, in co-operation with TNTD, UNODC, enhance the capacities of the law enforcement agencies in and ICITAP, the Presence organized a training course in tackling drug trafficking and dismantling organized crime Tirana aimed at strengthening the capacity of Albania in groups specialized in drug trafficking through enhancing countering terrorist financing. The course was delivered law enforcement, judicial co-operation, analysis skills and to Albanian experts and practitioners from the FIU, SIS, knowledge on new trends and modus operandi. ASP, MoJ and Prosecution Office for Serious Crimes. Some 31 participants attended the course, while 17 trainees Cybercrime undertook the course with instructions from five national From 13 to 17 May, the Presence facilitated the organization of trainers and two international experts. The training aimed cybercrime training in Tirana to 16 colleagues from different at strengthening Albania’s compliance with international ASP departments dealing with fight against narcotics, standards, in particular, OSCE commitments, UNSCR’s, and trafficking, money laundering, corruption, crime against FATF on Money Laundering standards. The course served the person, property crimes, and domestic violence. The to highlight the key role of inter-agency co-operation in training comprised of two thematic sessions: one on live data disrupting terrorist financing and, based on country- and forensics and the other on open source investigations. The region-specific scenarios, included sessions on financial training was delivered by those Albanian officials who had intelligence, financial analysis, vulnerability, and network been trained by the OSCE in 2018 on combating cybercrime analysis. and cyber-enabled crime. The training represents the second phase of an OSCE-led regional project aimed at building the From 23 to 27 September, the Presence organized the third capacities of the region’s criminal justice institutions against course on “Countering Financing of Terrorism Investigations”, cybercrime and cyber-enabled crime. in partnership with TNTD, UNODC and ICITAP in Golem, led by experts and trainers, trained previously in Border Security and Management / the ToT session held in Vienna. The course recipients were Customs 24 representatives from the ASP, SIS, FIU, and SCPO. The From 24 to 26 April, a peer visit at the Integrated Border course aimed at offering opportunities for understanding Management (IBM) centre in Skopje was supported by the and applying the newly acquired skills through better access Presence. The Deputy General Director of the ASP, Director to trainers and colleagues. Aimed at strengthening the of Border and Migration Department, and Regional Border capacities of the authorities to identifying, investigating and Director in Korça participated in the visit. The visit allowed disrupting the financing of terrorism, as well as inter-agency the delegation to become better familiarized with the key co-operation, the course provided an opportunity to discuss challenges faced in the successful implementation of the IBM and work on key aspects relating to financial investigation System, as well as various co-operation mechanisms that are and case management. used to enhance the level of efficiency of border management activities carried out. The visit resulted in several working

46  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

sessions on strengthening inter-agency co-operation as a discussed the types of equipment used to control travel source of co-operation. documents and how border checks are performed in the first and second line. The Presence organized a study visit for four senior border management officials at Tirana Airport to the airport in From 18 to 20 September, the Presence facilitated the Prishtine/Priština. The aim was to observe the operability and participation of three representatives from Albanian state functionality of the surveillance equipment used, focusing institutions at the launch event in Vienna of the Regional on the exchange of information regarding Albanian citizens Anti-corruption Platform of the Internal Oversight who travel from Prishtine/Priština airport to EU countries Departments of Border Agencies from the Western Balkans, with the aim of seeking asylum. In particular, participants Ukraine and Moldova.

Presence in Albania – Police-Related Activities in 2019

5 12 Training Total Analysis of Lessons 83 Learned, Assessments Information and Guidelines Exchange / Institution 66 and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 24%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 76%

47  S outh - Easte rn Europ e

4.2 Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina

Introduction Although the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Mission) does not have a unit dedicated to law enforcement, it continued to provide support to the policing sector. In the view of related OSCE commitments, in good governance within the security sector, the focus has been on building capacities, promoting inter-agency co-operation, and securing multi- sectoral partnerships.

The Mission’s assistance to policing specifically consisted of supporting law enforcement agencies and security managers, in effectively addressing current and emerging challenges and threats to security, particularly in relation to terrorism, radicalization and violent extremism conducive to terrorism, THB, corruption, hate crimes and domestic violence. In addition,

BUDGET (UB)*: N/A**

2019 2018 TOTAL TOTAL 11,682,000 EUR 11,647,200 EUR 84%

STAFF* N/A** 2019 2018 TOTAL OFFICE TOTAL OFFICE 315,5 Total 323 Total 281,5 Local Total 289 Local 34 International 323 34 International Total 315.5

(

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina. ** The Mission does not have a separate Department on Police-Related Activities.

48  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

the Mission provided support to the authorities in bolstering border management and cyber security, advancing gender equality, youth, and ethnic mainstreaming, and securing freedom of assembly in line with international standards.

On 16 July, in partnership with the CPC/FSC Support Section Activities Related to and BiH MoS, the Mission organized a meeting in Sarajevo to determine OSCE support to BiH in the implementation General Police Development of the “Roadmap for a sustainable solution to the illegal

and Reform possession, misuse and trafficking of SALW and their ammunition in the Western Balkans by 2024”. The meeting involved some 50 national and international stakeholders, Police Monitoring and Confidence-Building including representatives of state, entity and cantonal From 20 to 25 October, in co-operation with and under MoI’s, court police, UNDP, EUFOR and SEESAC. Pursuant the auspices of the BiH Council of Ministers’ (CoM) Inter- to the objectives of the BiH Strategy for SALW Control Ministerial WG for monitoring implementation of security and its respective action plan, five areas of potential OSCE policy of BiH, the Mission facilitated the “5th annual Youth expertise and assistance were duly identified and endorsed and Security School” in Banja Luka, Sarajevo and Konjic. In by the BiH SALW Control Co-ordination Board. The Mission total, 20 students from the fields of law, political and security also supported the participation of BiH law enforcement studies at the universities of Banja Luka, Sarajevo, Mostar, representatives at the first and second regional co-operation Tuzla and Zenica developed their knowledge and skills meetings on the Roadmap, enabling them to contribute to regarding the security policy framework and security sector the discussions, information sharing and joint planning actors in BiH. The School was aimed at increasing trust with representatives of other countries in the region on the and confidence in security and defence institutions among Roadmap and implementation of SALW control strategies. young aspiring security experts. As part of the programme, students visited the BiH Parliamentary Assembly, BiH From 27 to 29 November, the Mission organized the MFA, BiH Ministry of Security (MoS), BiH Armed Forces, “Annual Security Review Days” event in Sarajevo for MoI as well as police agencies and media. The students engaged representatives at the entity level, and police agencies from in discussion with representatives of authorities, experts, different levels of authority. All participants took part in a and practitioners, gaining valuable insights on the current joint assessment of the implementation of relevant OSCE security challenges, such as VERLT, terrorism, and cyber- commitments and agreed on recommendations to address attacks. For their part, security sector partners highlighted challenges in democratic oversight, arms control, cyber the importance of youth engagement and gender equality in security, combating terrorism, and preventing and countering enhancing security and security sector governance. radicalization and violent extremism conducive to terrorism.

Police Development and Reform On 10 and 11 December, with the support of the Austrian In 2019, in co-operation with criminal intelligence MoD and the BiH MoD’s Peace Support Operations representatives from law enforcement and security- Training Centre, the Mission organized a course on SSG/R intelligence institutions, agencies and bodies in BiH, in Sarajevo. More than 30 senior- and middle-management the Mission conducted an “Intelligence-led Policing representatives in the BiH Armed Forces, police agencies, Needs Mapping”. With a view to developing a coherent judiciary, government institutions, civil society and academia and tailored approach towards future OSCE support, discussed the challenges and opportunities in achieving an the findings of survey questionnaires, interviews, desk inclusive Security Sector Reform (SSR). All stakeholders research, consultations and conclusions were presented discussed ways to achieve an optimal balance between and discussed. Participants expressed their priorities and security, democratic control, and development, while provided recommendations for future co-operation in a improving security sector governance as a whole. range of areas, also endorsing the Mission’s methodology, which focused on ensuring comprehensiveness and national Gender Mainstreaming ownership. In addition, the Mission pledged to integrate in During 2019, the Mission continued its co-operation with the its programmatic support the views, needs and strategic law enforcement structures by supporting the state- and the priorities of partner institutions in BiH, with a focus on Republika Srpska (RS) level of the Network of Women Police strengthening law enforcement co-operation in addressing Officers (NWPO) of BiH, with the aim of expanding their current and emerging security threats. network and increasing their visibility. Throughout 2019, both

49 4.2 Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina

Networks have trained fellow officers on gender mainstreaming On 10 and 11 December, the Mission organized a training in their daily duties. The BiH NWPO has continued with seminar in Sarajevo on sexual violence for 30 women officers training sessions that began in 2018, covering eight additional from State Investigation and Protection Agency (SIPA), cantonal MoI’s in 2019, with some 140 women police officers Federal Police Administration and all ten cantonal MoI’s. as participants. Each event has demonstrated that becoming As most survivors of rape and sexual assault are women more familiar with gender-based discrimination has led and considering that, procedurally speaking, women police participants to display a greater openness and willingness in officers are expected to provide support to the survivor, the terms of sharing experiences and ideas. Mission engaged a psychologist and senior police inspector as trainers, which contributed to strengthening the skills of In pursuing its aim to strengthen the structure of both women police officers in implementing a ‘survivor-oriented’ Networks and facilitate internal communication, the Mission approach. helped to organize both annual assemblies to elect new members, revise previous activities and plan future steps. Hate Crime In addition, the Mission organized a training on addressing On 28 March, the Mission organized a workshop in Zenica hate crimes for the BiH NWPO. The BiH NWPO assembly on hate crimes and bias-motivated incidents for law meeting and training took place on Mt. Jahorina, while the RS enforcement officers and prosecutors from the Zenica-Doboj NWPO met in Teslic. For the RS NWPO, in addition to regular Canton. On 25 June, a similar workshop was organized for agenda items, the assembly meeting focused on increasing prosecutors in Travnik. In total, 36 participants increased the visibility of the Network and possibly introducing a their understanding of the concepts, legal frameworks, and mentoring scheme on gender equality mainstreaming, not responses to bias-motivated incidents and hate crimes. only among the members, but also among other colleagues. The participants also expressed interest in becoming more On 13 June and 2 October, the Mission organized two hate involved in the work of their Network and adopted all the crime workshops at Mt. Jahorina for 57 members of the proposed decisions unanimously. BiH and RS NWPO. Both events included a presentation of the concept of hate crime, the findings from the Mission’s Gender-Based Violence monitoring programme, and hate crime legal framework. On 19 and 20 June, in co-operation with the Federation of BiH Participants were also provided with practical skills required (FBiH) Centre for Education of Judges and Prosecutors and RS through a case study analysis exercise. Centre for Education of Judges, the entity and cantonal MoI, the Mission organized two trainings on Mt. Jahorina, which From 17 to 18 June and 10 to 11 September, in co-operation tackled gender-based violence. The training sessions targeted with entity judicial and prosecutorial training centres, the entity police, prosecutors, judges, and civil society that were Mission organized two workshops in at Mt. Jahorina for 24 engaged in domestic violence. The focus of the training police and prosecutorial spokespersons on communicating sessions was on the existing legal framework on protection information on hate crimes to the media and the public. from domestic violence, the role of the institutions, the The workshops focused on the concept of hate crime, legal efficient investigation and prosecution, and the importance framework, the Mission’s monitoring findings, and a case of a co-ordinated approach. On the sides of both events, the study on an alleged hate crime through which the principles Mission organized a joint session for colleagues from both of effective media communications were presented. entities and Brčko District to discuss institutional responses to cases of domestic violence, survivor-centred approaches Throughout 2019, in co-operation with the police and other and experiences in the implementation of the legislation on relevant stakeholders, the Mission organized presentations protection from domestic violence. across the country at local events on combating hate crime and bias, which included the Mission’s findings on the On 29 November, in co-operation with the Education Section current situation, the legal framework and importance of of the Sarajevo Canton MoI, the Mission organized a training investigation and prosecution. On 30 August, the Mission workshop in Sarajevo on processing domestic violence cases for organized a presentation for 58 participants at the 6th Brčko 30 police officers and assistant commanders from seven police District BiH Police Summer School for Youth in Brčko, and stations. The activity was based on a previous MoI assessment, on 5 December at the end-of-year meeting in Prijedor for which had observed that the response of the law enforcement 27 participants, including representatives from the police, agencies to domestic violence in their areas of responsibility security forum, city administration, and local coalition had significantly deteriorated. The training was also an against hate. opportunity to co-ordinate the procedural issues relating to response between different police stations in the Canton.

50  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

On 31 August, the Mission supported the “5km Travnik Night Run” with the aim of encouraging credible civil society actions that seek to build community cohesion and resilience to hate crimes. The event gathered some 1,000 adults and 400 children from BiH and other countries. As part of its project activities against hate crimes and the “#NeMrznji” campaign, the Mission supported the event by producing a slogan (‘Ready, Steady, #NoHate’) and logo. The Mission also organized a street campaign in co-operation with members of the MoI of the Central Bosnia Canton, including the Chief of Community Outreach Police Officers and ten members of the Special Police Unit, distributing promotional materials on fighting hate crimes. The Mission also published a short video and photographs from the event. Runners from the MoI in the Central Bosnia Canton and On 30 October, the Mission organized a workshop on hate Mission to BiH at the ‘Travnik Night Run 2019’, Travnik, BiH, crimes and bias motivated incidents in Bihać for 20 police 31 August 2019. (Edib Jahić) officers from the Una-Sana Canton (USC) MoI.

On 6 and 27 November, the Mission organized two workshop were BiH level representatives of the Prosecutor’s workshops in Zenica and Central Bosnia Canton on best Office, MoS, MoD, law enforcement and intelligence agencies, practice sharing in regard to community policing and the civil protection administrations and Armed Forces. During response to hate crimes. In total, 36 participants, among them the event, participants finalised the draft Plan for Civil- police officers from various managerial structures (including Military Co-operation and Standard Operating Procedures the Commissioner, Chief of Police administrations, and (SOP) in Case of a Terrorist Act, including drafting guiding commanders of the police stations) were familiarized with the principles for communication during terrorism related concept and elements relating to bias motivated incidents, emergencies. The document is expected to be reviewed and learning more about the positive practice of their peers in adopted by the BiH CoM in due course. Prijedor in the prevention of and fight against hate crimes. On 20 and 21 March, the Mission organized a situational On 19 November, the Mission organized a workshop in Mt. analysis workshop for members of the Brčko District Jahorina on hate crimes for 25 police prosecutors and judges Government’s Co-ordination Body for the implementation from East Sarajevo and Canton Sarajevo jurisdictions. In of the BiH Counter Terrorism (CT) Strategy and its action addition to presenting the concept of hate crime and legal plan for the District. The event facilitated an analysis of framework, the event also highlighted the importance of circumstances, actors, capacities, and available resources investigating and prosecuting such crimes. in the district. Furthermore, the workshop highlighted the importance of enhancing co-operation between police On 20 November, the Mission organized a training seminar structures and involving stakeholders beyond the security in Livno, which introduced 20 police officers from the sector, achieving a ‘whole-of-society’ and ‘whole-of- Canton Ten to the concept of hate crimes and bias motivated government’ approach to ensure effective human rights incidents. compliant measures.

On 10 June, the Mission organized the official launch in Sarajevo of a TNTD/ATU developed publication Understanding Activities Related to Threats Referral Mechanisms in P/C VERLT - Navigating Challenges and Protecting Human Rights: A Guidebook for South- Posed by Criminal Activity Eastern Europe. The delivered presentation highlighted the key considerations for policymakers and practitioners in Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT developing and operationalizing referral mechanisms and From 12 to 13 March, the Mission facilitated and participated outlining their commonalities. The experts also emphasized in a workshop on Mt. Jahorina of the BiH CoM Monitoring the importance of addressing all forms of VERLT, and Body for implementation of the 2015–2020 BiH Strategy for the need to give due consideration when developing and Preventing and Combating Terrorism. Participants in the planning interventions to ensure they make communities

51  4.2 Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina

safer. Members of the state level monitoring body for the BiH On 15 October, the Mission supported the FBiH Ministries of CT Strategy benefited from the expertise of representatives of Labour and Social Policy, and Health in organizing a working international organizations and diplomatic corps, receiving meeting in Sarajevo with representatives of FBiH and Brčko valuable insights on the development of impactful, sustainable District social protection and health authorities regarding and responsible P/C VERLT policies and programmes. the return of FTFs and their families. BiH representatives from the MoS, State Investigation and Protection Agency On 22 July, in co-operation with the BiH MoS, the Mission and Intelligence-Security Agency also provided valuable organized a workshop in Sarajevo to develop a general contributions. Participants discussed the latest developments framework on treatment of returning FTFs and their family in the sector, such as the situation of children without members. The workshop brought together representatives of parental care, highlighting the significance of improved co- security, health, social protection, and education sectors as ordination and information sharing between the security well as civil society. During the event, participants exchanged and non-security sectors. They also emphasized the need experiences, best practice and lessons learned on regulating for further specialized training for the extended families of returning FTFs and their families, gaining also an insight returning FTFs as well as for social workers dealing with on common challenges faced by both policymakers and returning families. practitioners. Further follow-up meetings helped to define and develop policy responses, procedures, and measures to On 30 October, in co-operation with USC Canton be taken prior to and upon return of FTFs. Pedagogical Institute, the Mission presented Guidelines for Prevention of Violent Extremism and Radicalization With the aim of promoting factual and responsible reporting that Leads to Terrorism (VERLT) Through Education at a that does not engender intolerance, polarization, fear, panic seminar in Teslić designed for school directors, teachers and or human rights abuses, the Mission assisted the BiH Press psychologists from the Teslić primary and secondary schools, and Online Media Council in organizing a consultative social workers, community policing officers and members of meeting on 19 September in Sarajevo, on developing draft the RS Pedagogic Institute. Developed by group of teachers Guidelines for journalists on Reporting on Violent Extremism from USC with Mission support, the guidelines aimed and Terrorism. The meeting brought together editors of at strengthening the capacities of school staff to building media outlets from Sarajevo, Mostar, Banja Luka, and and promoting an inclusive school environment, acting Tuzla, as well as representatives of the BiH MoS and BiH preventatively to eliminate all forms of violent and intolerant Intelligence-Security Agency. The guidelines established a behaviour, while building the resilience of students in regard set of standards and procedures that will serve as a tool for to the various risks and threats that can lead to violent journalists and editors when reporting on sensitive issues, extremism. The guidelines also highlighted the importance such as violent extremism and terrorism. On 18 December, of each stakeholder in ensuring comprehensive ‘context- the Council formally adopted the document, presenting it in specific’ preventative efforts, as well as of the importance of a press conference also organized with Mission support. co-operation between them.

On 2 and 3 October, the Mission facilitated the participation From 11 to 13 November, in co-operation with the RACVIAC of representatives of the BiH Intelligence-Security Agency Centre for Security Co-operation in SEE and Regional Co- and FBiH Government social protection and health operation Council, the Mission organized the “Regional authorities at a regional expert WG held in Tirana, Albania on Workshop on Strategies on Rehabilitation and Reintegration the development of the OSCE publication Good Practices in of Foreign Terrorist Fighters” in Zagreb. The event focused on P/C VERLT: Non-custodial Rehabilitation and Reintegration identifying challenges, priorities, best practice, and lessons – A Guidebook for Practitioners and Policymakers in South- learned in the process of rehabilitation and reintegration Eastern Europe. The meeting gathered practitioners and of FTFs and their family members, especially children. policymakers from the SEE region to discuss challenges Participants assessed the existing national, regional, and and best practice in non-custodial rehabilitation and international policies, programmes and actors involved reintegration. Participants also gained insights of region- in the process, highlighting the roles of civil society, social specific considerations and capacities required for developing protection and health sectors, education system, religious and implementing effective and human rights-compliant communities and youth in the process of rehabilitation and rehabilitation and reintegration programmes. During the reintegration. event, BiH representatives provided a comprehensive overview of measures utilized in the process of return of From 11 to 12 December, the Mission supported the BiH FTFs and their family members to BiH, outlining also areas MoS in organizing a “Conference on Prevention of Terrorism requiring further development and support. Financing and Nuclear Weapons Proliferation”, with a

52  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

focus on the implementation of FATF Recommendations Noting the risk of deterioration in the current security No. 6 and 7. During the conference, held on Mt. Jahorina, situation and disturbance of public order in the Herzegovina- experts from TNTD/ATU, UN 1540 Committee, BiH MoS Neretva Canton on 6 March, the Mission organized a co- Department for Countering Organized Crime and Money ordination meeting in Mostar between judicial institutions, Laundering, and the Financial-Intelligence Department police, and security agencies, as well as other governmental in the BiH State Investigation and Protection Agency and non-governmental bodies. The meeting focused on presented the FATF Recommendations, the requirements assessing the problems arising during investigations and for their implementation, the existing situation and available court proceedings in cases where migrants were involved. training opportunities. In addition, representatives from Participants also discussed detention and identity issues in the banking sector also contributed to the formulation of those cases involving migrants as either a suspect or victim. practical and actionable conclusions and recommendations that were subsequently submitted to governmental and On 2 July, in co-operation with IOM, the Mission organized a non-governmental actors involved the field of countering roundtable in Doboj on the challenges faced in investigating terrorism financing for review. and processing cases involving migrants and refugees. Gathering participants from law enforcement, judiciary, and Trafficking in Human Beings & Office of Service for Foreigners, the event focused on the Migration-related Crime harmonization of judicial practice in terms of confirming the During 2019, the Mission equipped some 50 law enforcement identities of suspects and victims. The key conclusions from officers with the necessary skills to work on cases of THB the roundtable highlighted that particular attention should involving gender-based violence and sexual exploitation, be given to the potential trafficking and smuggling of human trafficking for the purpose of forced begging, as well as beings within the migrant population. to use technology in combating human trafficking by organizing seven training events across the territory, either On 11 September, the Mission supported an IOM-sponsored independently or in co-operation with OSR/CTHB, IOM and seminar addressing challenges in prosecuting migrant- civil society. related criminal offences for representatives from the USC, including the local Deputy Chief Prosecutor. Specifically, the

Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina – Police-Related Activities in 2019

12 17 Total Information Analysis of Lessons 77 Exchange / Institution Learned, Assessments and Capacity-Building and Guidelines Training

48

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 45%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 55%

53  4.2 Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina

Mission helped to define the agenda, identify the competent On 24 May, the Mission sponsored six representatives from participants and co-chair the event. Sharing best practice the BiH MoS and entity MoI’s to participate in the project’s from the field, participants expressed an interest in further concluding conference on “Crime in the Digital Age” held training on the identification of potential trafficking victims in Vienna. The event gathered 130 participants, including within migrant communities. trainers, MoI representatives, international cybercrime experts, members of the Project’s Co-ordination Board Throughout 2019, the Mission participated in police and rule and FOs. of law co-ordination meetings with international partners, providing legal analysis, including on issues related to the Border Security and Management / proposed changes to the RS Law on Policing and Internal Customs Affairs. In June and August, the Mission hosted several From 27 to 28 February, the Mission supported the work of senior-level meetings in Mission offices, gathering the the co-ordination body of the BiH CoM in drafting an action directors of SIPA, BiH Intelligence and Security Agency, BiH plan to implement the new BiH 2019-2023 IBM Strategy by Prosecutors’ Office, and BiH Court, who discussed ways to co-organizing a workshop in Trebinje. Experts from IOM strengthen co-operation. and EU assisted in the drafting of the document, which was additionally subjected to consultations involving all relevant Throughout 2019, the Mission supported cantonal police institutions. The strategy and its action plan have now been in planning and delivering workshops and trainings on rule tabled for adoption by the BiH CoM. of law related topics. Based on this, the Mission and Tuzla Canton Police Administration both agreed to conduct On 12 and 13 November, in co-operation with the Centre seminars for newly recruited officers and investigators on against Trafficking in Works of Art and the BiH MoS, Agency investigating corruption, gender-based violence, and THB, for Education and Professional Training and French Embassy, with a focus on child begging. As result, some 120 police the Mission organized the second in a series of training officers were familiarized with the key concepts, legal courses in Sarajevo on countering illicit trafficking in cultural provisions, and practices of the judiciary in FBIH relating to property. The participants were representatives of BiH Border processing specific crimes. Police, Indirect Taxation Authority, State Investigation and Protection Agency and the entities’ Centres for Judicial Cybercrime and Prosecutorial Training who all gained valuable insights During 2019, the Mission supported the implementation on countering this criminal activity at first and second of the “Capacity-Building for Criminal Justice Practitioners line of border checks, enhancing also the investigative and Combating Cybercrime and Cyber-enabled Crime in South- prosecutorial skills of participants. In addition, participants Eastern Europe”, led by TNTD/SPMU and implemented in were faced with cases of art smuggling and gained knowledge co-ordination with FOs in the region. from French Customs professionals and local art experts. The Agency for Education and Professional Training has formally From February to December, the Mission contributed to certified the training, thereby confirming the significance the organization of four training sessions in Banja Luka of countering illicit trafficking in cultural property, and and Sarajevo, aimed at improving the capacities of some preventing transnational threats financed through it. 100 law enforcement and criminal justice practitioners to counter cybercrime and cyber-enabled crime10. Each session was organized in co-operation with entity-level police authorities and police academies and facilitated by an expert who had undergone the project’s ToT programme. During each training session, participants acquired the necessary understanding, knowledge, and skills to counter criminal misuse of IT through the more effective prevention, investigation, prosecution, and application of contemporary techniques. All the training materials were translated into local languages and handed over to entity-level authorities to be incorporated into their respective training programmes.

10 The Mission monitored and assessed the quality of the training concept and presentation skills of trainers in accordance with an assessment methodology.

54 South - Easte rn Europ e

4.3 Mission in Kosovo

Introduction The OSCE Mission in Kosovo (the Mission) is mandated with the protection and promotion of human and community rights, as well as with democratization and public safety sector development. The Mission regularly delivers advanced and specialized training courses for law enforcement agencies to further improve their capacities.

In 1999, the OSCE was mandated with training the new police service to uphold human rights and democratic policing principles. To do so, the Mission’s Department of Police Education and Development (DPED) created an institution called the Kosovo Police (KP) School that, in 2006, evolved into the Kosovo Centre for Public Safety Education and Development and, in 2011, into the Kosovo Academy for Public Safety (KAPS). In order to better reflect the broader context of its programmes in justice, safety, and security sector development, DPED itself became the Department for Security and Public Safety (DSPS) in 2006.

BUDGET (UB)*

2019 2018 TOTAL TOTAL 17,462.600 EUR 17,462,600 EUR 9% 84% 9% DEPARTMENT FOR DEPARTMENT OF SECURITY AND PUBLIC POLICE EDUCATION AND SAFETY DEVELOPMENT 1,615,700 EUR 1,607,700 EUR

STAFF* 2019 2018 TOTAL DEPARTMENT FOR TOTAL DEPARTMENT FOR SECURITY AND PUBLIC SECURITY AND PUBLIC SAFETY SAFETY 45 Total Total 9% 45 Total 31 Local 504 31 Local Total 9% 14 International 14 International 504

(UB)1

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Mission in Kosovo.

55  4.3 Mission in Kosovo

In 2019, the DSPS continued to provide strategic, capacity-building, advisory, monitoring, and technical support to its partners from the KP and other public safety institutions. The Mission implemented activities consisting of specialized and advanced training courses, conferences, seminars, workshops, and roundtables, focusing on building the capacities of the KP and other public safety institutions to prevent and counter various forms of transnational threats. Such activities encompassed organized crime, cybercrime, terrorism and violent extremism and radicalization, THB, domestic violence, as well as enhancement of community policing and community safety infrastructure. The DSPS also continued to contribute to the drafting of new strategies, and in reviewing several existing ones, to enhance the overall security sector.

The DSPS utilizes its field presence in Mission’s regional offices (Gjilan/Gnjilane, Mitrovicë/ Mitrovica North, Mitrovicë/Mitrovica South, Pejë/Peć and Prishtinë/Priština) to monitor the human rights compliance of the KP, with a focus on hate crimes. In its activities related to the advancement of community rights, the Mission’s Department of Human Rights and Communities also co-operates with the police and contributed to the report with several activities.

quality of the service and victims’ care into the culture of Activities Related to the KP as key to driving change and improving performance were also developed during workshops. General Police Development and Reform Police Development and Reform On 12 February, the Mission handed over 250 chairs and 100 classroom desks to the KAPS with the aim of supporting the Police Monitoring and Confidence-Building institution in coping with the highest number of students From 27 February to 20 March, the Mission supported the since its establishment. As result, KAPS now has the capacity KP in facilitating three workshops on the “Confidence and to host some 800 participants from the public safety agencies Satisfaction Programme” for 102 officers from investigation expected to enter the institution in the months to come. department and regional investigation squads. The workshops Besides the ongoing advanced and specialized training familiarized investigators with the content of the programme, courses for police officers and a bachelors’ degree on security and particularly with their roles and responsibilities, and science studies, KAPS accommodated the largest police methodology used by their colleagues to enable them to deal generation, consisting of 431 police cadets and 17 new with issues affecting public trust in policing. Officers learned investigators from the police inspectorate. In addition, 120 about the principles of the programme, as well as the use of new students from the correctional service were soon to victim packs and awareness-raising material, produced by begin their training. the Mission and delivered to the police in 2017. From 17 to 19 April, the Mission organized a data-matching From 4 March to 15 May, in co-operation with the KP, the workshop with the aim of supporting the Ministry of Internal Mission organized five regional workshops on introducing Affairs (MoIA) in realizing the Unified Statistical Reporting the “Guide on Implementing and Monitoring Public System (USRS). For this purpose, the Mission gathered 14 Confidence and Satisfaction Programme”. In total, 172 representatives of the KP, Police Inspectorate of Kosovo police officers from different levels of management staff (PIK), Kosovo Agency on Forensics (KAF), Agency for across all departments and regions were introduced to the Emergency Management (AEM), KAPS, Civil Registration Guide, which had been developed with Mission support in Agency, and the MoIA departments for asylum, citizenship 2018. Discussions focused on the key drivers for improving and migration, reintegration, and public safety, to discuss confidence in policing, including the public’s engagement the collection and harmonization of statistical data provided with the police, fair treatment, effectiveness in dealing with by respective institutions and their integration into the crime, alleviating local anti-social behaviour, and tackling USRS. During the workshop, participants exchanged views local problems. Furthermore, examples of embracing the on potential methods for feeding into the system, as well as

56  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

on how to extract security and safety related data from the public safety agencies. The event brought together general data sources. Participants also searched for patterns and directors and chief executive officers of all public safety relationships within the data to enable service providers to agencies, alongside former general directors of KAPS and deliver an integrated content, enhance communication, and international partners from ICITAP, which contributed share confirmed statistical data with beneficiaries and society during different transition phases of this institution. at large. From 10 to 13 September, aimed at supporting the From 13 to 17 May, to support the KP Training Division in functionalization and standardization of the USRS, which developing its capacities to introduce distance learning, the will contribute to advance the nature of information flow and Mission delivered a specialized training course to 20 police production of reliable statistics by the MoIA, the Mission trainers on using micro learning for facilitating e-learning. organized a study visit for three senior managers of the MoIA The course provided participants with specialised skills in to Stockholm. During the visit, participants learned about the using micro learning to deliver specific learning content work of the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention, in small and short intervals, equipping them with critical which is responsible for official criminal statistics. During the insight that will pave the way for delivering quick and short trip, participants learned more about the legal framework learning materials on specialized topics. and agreements that enable the Council to generate data and develop new sources of knowledge for the security sector and From 20 to 24 May, following the training course on government. e-learning mentioned above, the Mission delivered an advanced training programme to 12 police trainers on From 13 to 15 November, the Mission organized a training Moodle software “Creating Mobile eLearning and Using course on digital communications for 24 communication Photoshop”11. The course provided trainers with the officers in the MoIA, KP, KAPS, KAF, AEM, PIK, and opportunity to acquire specialised skills on using Moodle 3.4 Association of Women in Kosovo Police (AWKP). During software, required to create mobile e-learning on specialized the course, participants were introduced to aspects of digital topics. The programme also covered instructions on adding communication, learning more about defining audiences, course resources, assessments, and quizzes, mastering writing for digital media, online design essentials and tools, the Photoshop user interface, and performing selective planning digital communication, and crisis communications. adjustments, repairing images, creating animated graphics, The gained knowledge was also practiced through a series of and setting up and customizing courses. specific on-job scenarios, such as drafting short social media posts, as part of a strategic approach to developing a digital On 21 June, the Mission organized a media training course communication plan. for officers in the Kosovo Correctional Service (KCS) and Albanian Correction Service in the framework of their first- From 25 to 28 November, in co-operation with the KAPS and line supervision training at the KAPS. On 3 October, the other security and safety agencies, the Mission organized same course was provided to the officers of the KCS and a seminar for the KP, PIK, Customs, Kosovo Correctional AEM. During the course, issues related to the role of media in Service, Kosovo Probation Service, and AEM aimed at covering the security sector performance were highlighted, evaluating the implementation of the 2019 Annual Training with a focus on the correction service. With the aim of Plan, as well as in drafting the 2020 Training Plan. During the strengthening the ability of participants to communicate event, the WG, which consisted of 30 senior representatives effectively with journalists and introduce them to the way of public safety institutions (including their training co- media operates, participants also acquired knowledge on ordinators and mentors) presented the planned activities the operational framework of the media, the respective taking place at KAPS in 2020. In their role as external legislation, while learning how to convey messages to the training providers, alongside ICITAP, the Mission presented media. their training courses for law enforcement agencies in 2020. The multi-institutional approach and early planning based On 5 August, at an event organized to mark the KAPS 20th on training needs analysis were deemed by participants as anniversary, the Mission received a special recognition for important, as they continue to enable local and international its support to this institution. Since its establishment, KAPS training providers to avoid any duplication of effort in the has evolved as an accredited national and international delivery of their activities to the same target groups, while, at institution, responsible for training and education of all the same time, further reinforce their co-operation.

11 Moodle is a learning platform designed to provide educators, administrators and From 16 to 17 December, the Mission organized a workshop learners with a single robust, secure and integrated system to create personalised learning environments. https://docs.moodle.org/37/en/About_Moodle for 15 communication officers in the MoIA and other public

57  4.3 Mission in Kosovo

Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2020. During this annual review, participants identified their achievements, discussed challenges, and addressed outstanding issues associated with implementation of the strategy. Supported by the Mission experts, discussions focused on matters related to capacity- building part of the strategy, challenges faced by the KP human resources department in ensuring improved gender diversity in recruitment, and on the contribution of the promotion process within police structures.

Human Rights and Police Accountability In the framework of a project funded by Italy in 2019, the Mission delivered four specialized training courses on combating corruption to the members of the PIK, with the aim of developing their investigative capacities in effectively Mission delivered operational commanders training to performing their police oversight role. Participants were 10 senior women police officers to assist them in developing equipped with skills needed in conducting criminal the skills and competencies for management positions within investigation of financial irregularities and corruption, as the organization, May 2019. (OSCE/Bylent Ribari) well as handling and protecting informants and ‘whistle- blowers’. They were trained on performing risk analysis and risk assessment to identify the potential corruption practices safety institutions to review the MoIA’s Communication of police officers while also acquiring knowledge on how Strategy 2017-2019. During the workshop, participants to conduct integrity testing and ensure that best ethical discussed achievements, displaying an implementation rate standards are implemented within the KP. of 80 per cent of planned activities, and pointed out the challenges that affected the strategy’s implementation. They On 3 May, following Mission’s support in equipping the PIK also highlighted the Mission’s contribution, emphasizing criminal evidence room at the start of the year, the Mission the development of the MoIA and KP web pages, as well as formally handed over the equipment to the PIK, providing capacity-building support, which was seen as key in enabling cameras and fire extinguishing systems, shelves, safe and the institutions to achieve most of the strategic objectives other relevant filing and storage cabinet items. These assets in the field of communication. In addition, the WG drafted were viewed by the PIK as key in ensuring that evidence a new action plan for 2020-2022, the strategic objectives seized during criminal investigation procedures are handled of which consist in enhancing transparency, developing in line with the law and best practice in terms of maintaining strategic communication, and advancing communication evidence. This donation is expected to yield improvements in with communities on public safety related issues. PIK’s processing of evidence and subsequently its credibility and accountability in performing its police oversight function. Human Resources / Police Management From 19 to 20 November, the Mission facilitated a workshop On 11 and 12 September, the Mission facilitated an ‘on- and provided in-house expertise in updating the 2015 version the-job’ training workshop for four PIK senior managers of the KP training catalogue. During the workshop, the on internal control and management of evidence in WG (composed of 20 senior police managers and trainers) Zagreb. During the training, participants were introduced updated the existing content of the courses delivered by to the legislation and related procedures of those Croatian police using its internal capacities. Furthermore, the training institutions involved in police oversight and internal control. catalogue was enriched with new courses for which the In addition, they visited the evidence room in the Croatian police has developed capacities to efficiently deliver to their Police Criminal Investigation Department, where participants peers and other public safety agencies. Numerous advanced were acquainted with the procedures and management and specialized courses, including several courses originally procedures of evidence rooms. Both sides agreed to identify delivered by the Mission, were added to the catalogue and are options to enhance their future institutional co-operation now delivered independently by the KP, as their institutional through a potential agreement to exchange experience, capacity to deliver such courses has now been fully realized. increase efficiency in fighting negative phenomena, develop training courses and other activities. On 10 December, the Mission facilitated a workshop with 15 KP senior officers to review the KP Human Resources

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From 4 to 8 November, the Mission delivered a training On 10 December, on the occasion of International Human course on investigating abuses of public finances for 20 Rights Day, the Mission assisted the multi-ethnic CSO PIK investigators. Participants were trained on applicable Vizioni 02 in organizing a roundtable aimed at discussing legislation and regulations, local institutions, procurement the perceptions of communities regarding the KP’s work. procedures, the management of public finances, how an The CSO presented the survey and its findings (distributed abuse of finances is committed and what the means are to in both official languages to 250 residents in the Istog/Istok detect, prevent and investigate such cases. A particular focus municipality belonging to different communities), which was on the methods and techniques used to analyse and stressed a general positive public perception towards the interpret collected data, the factors involved in the abuse of KP’s work. During the event, 41 participants discussed ways public finances, and the use of open source information and to improve co-operation between residents and the police, evidence. as well as the general safety and security of all communities living in the municipality. Recommendations stemming from From 12 to 14 November, upon the request of the KP Internal the meeting included the organization of training events on Investigation Directorate, the Mission facilitated a workshop security issues in schools, more frequent police outreach to finalize the “Administrative Instruction on Disciplinary visits to communities and the opening of new police stations Violations”, and SOPs stemming from this Instruction. The in villages. workshop gathered around 50 senior police officers from different organizational units and international stakeholders, Anti-Corruption who presented the challenges encountered in ensuring On 27 March, the Mission facilitated a conference on professionalism and discipline within the KP. Participants preventing and combating high-level and grand corruption, shared their opinions regarding the discipline related issues which hosted, among others, the President of Kosovo as the they face during their work and the best ways to overcome Chair of Anti-Corruption Council, the Chief Prosecutor, them, contributing to the finalization of these documents. Minister of Internal Affairs, heads of judicial and prosecutorial In addition, the Mission provided technical expertise at this councils, representatives of Anti-Corruption Agency event, especially on matters related to ensuring a transparent, (ACA), KP, FIU, various assembly committees, government fair, and professional treatment of public complaints. ministries, and operational staff involved in the fight against corruption. During the event, two international experts from On 25 November, the Mission facilitated a workshop to review Transparency International introduced the concept of ‘grand the PIK Strategy and Action Plan 2019-2022. The workshop corruption’, highlighting the need to tackle the problem both enabled an effective assessment of the implementation at domestic and international levels. and evaluation of progress made in achieving goals and objectives set for professional and institutional development. From 27 to 29 May, in co-operation with the EU funded project During the event, the Mission presented its contribution in “Further Support to Kosovo Institutions in the Fight against the implementation of the strategy’s action plan through a Organized Crime, Corruption, and Violent Extremism”, the range of capacity-building activities. Participants reported Mission organized a training workshop on investigating on the achievements and challenges encountered during the corruption for representatives of the KP, FIU, ACA, KAPS, implementation of the action plan and agreed on the way and judges dealing with major crime issues from several basic forward in 2020. courts. By enacting case scenarios, the workshop highlighted ways to apply the appropriate techniques for investigating From 2 to 6 December, the Mission hosted a training high-level corruption in their daily work. It also focused on workshop on managing complex financial investigation for confiscation and money laundering in line with the respective 19 PIK investigators, delivered by an expert from the Italian legislation, with judges, in particular, further acquainted with Guardia di Finanza. The event equipped investigators with the possibilities of confiscating criminal assets, as provided an enhanced understanding and operational knowledge of under new legislation. effectively investigating complex cases involving financial crimes, in using information sources (including banks and On 8 July, the Mission organized a training workshop on other financial institutions), and managing and leading “E-Procurement Fraud” for 15 participants representing investigations at domestic and international level. In addition, the KP, Tax Administration, ACA, and Special Prosecution examining past cases, techniques used to detect, investigate, Service. Based on six practical case scenarios, participants and prosecute complex cases of money laundering, bribery, were familiarized with procurement typologies, drafting and corruption, were also thoroughly discussed. investigation plans, parallel investigative methods, case preparation and case management for court trials.

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Gender Mainstreaming The strategy reviews provided an overview of the progress On 8 March, on the occasion of International Women’s Day and helped to identify difficulties in implementation, along and in light of its continuous commitment to promote the with recommendations for the way forward. In the capacity role of women in policing, the Mission organized an event of regional co-ordinators for implementing the strategy’s with the aim of raising awareness on gender equality in all action plan, the deputy police regional directors delivered professions, including the KP. One activity was organized presentations on activities implemented in their areas of with 30 pupils of the elementary school Miladin Mitić in responsibility. Participants in both workshops highlighted Laplje Selo/Llapllasellë, Gračanica/Graçanicë municipality. the need for greater involvement of all police supervisory Highlighting the important role of women, all four speakers levels in inspecting and monitoring the implementation were women, among them one member of the KP, who of the confidence and satisfaction programme, which was encouraged participants to think more critically about the supported by the Mission as a crucial feature of community importance of gender equality in their lives. policing. In total, the workshops hosted 75 representatives from the KP, MoIA, PIK, the Mission and UNDP. The On 24 June, the Mission supported the KP in organizing a overall implementation status of the strategy was viewed by seminar on mainstreaming gender in community safety participants as quite successful, with 90 per cent of strategic related initiatives. Gathering 68 participants, the seminar objectives and foreseen activities reported as having been aimed at increasing the awareness of the importance of gender successfully implemented. Furthermore, the contribution equality, emphasizing the role and engagement of women of the Mission was appreciated by all participants, who in decision-making of community safety mechanisms at all highlighted that such progress in implementing community levels. Participants discussed the legislation regulating gender policing would not have been possible without the work of equality and domestic violence, the steps required to prevent the Mission. gender-based violence and protection of victims, as well as the challenges faced by victims during the rehabilitation and On 21 June, the Mission supported the Kosovo Paralympic reintegration process. The event concluded with participants Committee and KAPS in hosting the “2019 Mini-Olympic agreeing a set of policy recommendations for improving Games” for people with special needs. Supported by the women’s participation in community safety initiatives, Mission for the last 15 years, this event provided an excellent which will be submitted to the relevant institutions for opportunity to strengthen the trust between people with consideration. special needs and the police and to also promote overall community policing. In total, some 500 young people with From 2 to 6 September, in its efforts to support the KP special needs and their family members from all ethnic in developing the Gender Equality Agenda, the Mission and cultural backgrounds participated in a variety of sports conducted its second phase of a baseline assessment, which organized during the event12. Besides providing logistical was carried out in the form of workshops and meetings support, the Mission provided competition and sport across all police regions. During these meetings, the Mission requisites, along with other assets and toys for the children. organized interviews and surveys with senior police managers, Moreover, the Mission assisted with volunteers, who AWKP members, including other governmental and CSOs alongside police cadets and those of local and international as relevant stakeholders dealing with gender equality within institutions and organizations, assisted people with special public safety institutions. In addition, roundtables were needs, which helped to make it a successful and enjoyable organized to introduce the ongoing work on the KP’s Gender venture for them. Equality Agenda at the regional PD’s, where regional directors and police officers were informed about the importance On 17 and 18 October, the Mission supported the KP in of strengthening the capacities of women police officers in facilitating a workshop to finalize the guidebook stemming meeting strategic objectives, and identifying opportunities for from the “Digital Reporting” programme. The document greater synergy in addressing critical issues related to women contains a set of practical tools and instructions on how to in the security sector. This baseline assessment will feed into practically implement the programme through the mobile the KP’s final Gender Equality Agenda, which is envisaged to application “Inform the Police.” The application is a mobile be launched by the KP and the Mission in March 2020. phone platform that will serve all residents and police in enhancing the rule of law, quality of police services, and Community Policing, Police-Public public safety parameters. Through this application, users can Relations and Crime Prevention report suspected criminal offences, traffic safety issues and On 19 June and 18 December, the Mission supported the KP in facilitating workshops concerning the biannual revisions of 12 The sports activities included wheelchair runs, basketball, handball, goal-ball, darts, chess, special drawing, blind people stage running. Winners in each event were the Community Policing Strategy and Action Plan 2017-2021. awarded with cups and medals.

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other public safety concerns in real time through texts, photos The remaining seven police regions will be included in and video images. Covering the mobile application, this 2020 through an expansion of the existing platform. During programme demonstrates the KP’s commitment to providing the event, a company that develops websites presented the residents with an alternative way of reporting crimes and visual concept and functionality of the future web portal, other issues affecting daily lives of all communities. The which followed six months of joint work with the project workshop assisted some 40 participants, including police team involving field partners and stakeholders of community managers and frontline officers, PIK, and civil society, in safety forums of the respective region, MoIA and KP officials. reviewing the structure and content of this internal guide, The web-platform aims to integrate a community of over as well as to explore ways to make it fully operational. In 2,000 community safety forum members, allowing them to addition, the Mission supported the police in printing and interact and share their views online through a discussion distributing the new guidebook. In line with the Community board, engage in e-learning processes, upload documents Policing Strategy, the Mission will provide support in the and pictures of potential safety risks, incidents and negative implementation process of the programme, expected to be phenomena hotspots, and pursue an interactive and launched across all police regions in January 2020. transparent communication exchange with local, municipal and central level stakeholders. The web portal is expected to Following this, from 5 to 21 November, in co-operation be launched in the first quarter of 2020. with the KP, the Mission organized five regional workshops, through which 181 police officers were introduced to the Local Public Safety Committees content of the guidebook and received information on On 22 March, the Mission supported the LPSC in Osojan/ how to use the mobile application. Other topics covered Osojane to inaugurate the installation of 13 surveillance in the workshops included general information on the cameras in the local school of Rakosh/Rakoš village in programme, terms of use, personal data protection chapter, Istog/Istok municipality13. The event gathered around 70 and instructions on downloading and using the mobile participants, including the Head of Mission, members of application. Participants were also acquainted with the roles Osojane/Osojan LPSC, municipality officials, the director, and responsibilities of police supervisors and managers, the staff and students, community members and local specifically of those working in the police communication media. During the hand-over ceremony, the Head of Mission centres. In order to increase the knowledge of the police and pledged to continue with the provision of community policing public on the application, the Mission will support the KP in support to community safety forums, particularly through conducting an awareness-raising campaign to highlight the capacity-building activities and projects of similar content, importance of their contribution to this initiative. whose aim is to promote sustainable safety of communities and further strengthen the co-operation between all actors On 15 November, the Mission supported the MoIA in in the community safety fora. With the aim of enhancing the organizing a workshop to conduct the second annual review safety at schools, in co-operation with the Royal Norwegian of the Community Safety Strategy and Action Plan 2018-2023. Embassy, the Mission helped LPSCs install such camera sets The event gathered 14 participants, representing members in 40 primary and secondary schools throughout Kosovo. of the steering group for monitoring the implementation of the strategy, relevant local institutions and international On 26 March, as part of its joint project with the Royal organizations working in the sector. During the workshop, Norwegian Embassy to support community safety initiatives along with other participating institutions and organizations, through LPSCs, the Mission facilitated a preparation the Mission provided information on their contribution to workshop for 25 senior LPSC officials of different ethnicities the implementation of activities projected in the 2019 Action and genders on the implementation of selected project Plan, highlighting also its support to community safety activities. The aim was to familiarize participants, as project forums as the main beneficiaries of the strategy and pledged co-ordinators, with the content of 15 selected LPSC small- to continue their support. scale projects to be implemented as part of the first phase of the project in 2019, as well as with Mission procedures to On 17 December, the Mission facilitated a presentation be adhered to during the implementation of these initiatives. prepared for a selected panel of officials following the main production phase of the “Community Safety Web portal” as part of a pilot project for Prishtinë/Priština region. The pilot project, consists of seven municipalities with over 14 13 Local Public Safety Committees (LPSC) exist in a number of smaller areas within active Local Public Safety Committees (LPSC), has been municipalities, such as remote and multi-ethnic villages, where it is in the interest of implemented in 2019, enabling for a transitional testing effective policing and good community relations that they exist. LPSCs are composed of local community representatives selected by the local community. The KP consults phase period of 90 days with generated user experience. these committees on safety and security matters in the areas they cover.

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On 11 and 12 April, in support to the Kamenicë/Kamenica Better Future”. Both three-day events aimed at promoting the Police Station, which was given additional tasks in this multi-ethnic relationship and co-operation between youth of area by the KP, the Mission facilitated a workshop aimed at different ethnicities and to enhance the visibility of LPSCs in enhancing the police accountability and their co-operation the respective municipalities. in ensuring security and safety, bringing together ten representatives of LPSCs and four KP officers from the Furthermore, with a view to reducing crime and improving municipality. The overall aim was to use the police station’s local safety and security, the Mission supported young performance and engagement as a way of demonstrating people in establishing links with the KP. The events brought how the Community Policing Strategy for the region can be together 114 young people (aged between 18 and 24) from successfully implemented. secondary and high school students from Kosovo Albanian, Kosovo Roma, and Kosovo Serb communities, alongside From 10 April to 2 May, the Mission delivered a number members of respective LPSCs and sector police officers. of capacity-building activities on community policing During these activities, the participants learned about to 37 members of four new LPSCs recently established advocacy, negotiation skills and importance of dialogue in four municipalities. The Mission conducted outreach and understanding. They were also acquainted with the activities and community meetings with LPSCs, providing consequences of illegal narcotics consumption. In support orientation sessions to these members. During these events, of this initiative, various social activities were organized, LPSC members were introduced to community safety and enabling participants to establish new friendships in a safe, community policing concepts, as well as to the composition, friendly, and open environment. functionality, and activities of LPSCs in terms of addressing issues of safety, security, and quality of life. The aim of two Between 23 and 25 April, the Mission supported LPSC community meetings in each municipality was to provide outreach visits targeted at children belonging to Kosovo LPSC members with an opportunity to establish relationships Albanian community in the three northern municipalities of with respective communities, municipality officials, police Mitrovicë/Mitrovica region: Leposavić/Leposaviq, Zvečan/ and other partners, as well as identify local concerns to work Zveqan and Zubin Potok. These activities aimed at enhancing on problem solving activities during the training sessions. co-operation between community safety forums and residents, while familiarizing participants with the concept Subsequently, the Mission provided the new members with of community policing, as well as increasing safety awareness two training modules on partnership-building and problem among school age children. The four outreach visits included solving, with additional presentations delivered by police quizzes, distribution of safety promotional material and officers to raise awareness on three key challenges affecting interactive presentations. Furthermore, the activity aimed community safety and security, namely, VERLT, THB and at fostering the Mission’s efforts under the objective domestic violence. LPSC members also learned more about that community security, inter-community relations and the principles of community safety and security, facilitation integration are successfully addressed. In total, the events skills and the key components on how to draft and implement gathered 192 participants. small-scale project proposals and address the important concerns of their communities. From 17 September to 8 November, to help in the revitalization non-functioning LPSCs, the Mission assisted From 15 April to 2 May, the Mission conducted a series of the KP Directorate for Community Policing in organizing workshops on strengthening outreach in local communities five one-day training workshops on partnership-building and improving police feedback to the affected community and problem-solving for 101 new members of the 15 in eight police regions for over 154 KP and LPSC members. existing LPSCs from four regions. Each workshop focused These workshops aimed at strengthening co-operation on strengthening the LPSCs’ operational capacity to ensure between the KP and LPSCs in addressing incidents and sustainability in community safety throughout Kosovo, and to potential hate crime cases. A focus was placed on helping enhance their co-operation with relevant local and municipal community members and police officers to better understand stakeholders. In addition, the Mission facilitated safety and the importance of working jointly to provide feedback to the security related discussions, highlighting the issues of traffic affected community and to help ensure the safety of hate safety, school safety, domestic violence, drug abuse and other crime victims. negative phenomena, with a view to improving the security and safety of all communities within the LPSCs’ areas of In April and October, the Mission supported LPSCs in responsibility. Obiliq/Obili, Skenderaj/Srbica and Vushtrri/Vućitrn in facilitating two multi-ethnic youth camps called “Youth for

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On 12 November, the Mission organized a training workshop On 19 April, the Mission organized a roundtable discussion for two LPSCs in the Novo Brdo/Novobërdë municipality. on community security issues affecting the Pejë/Peć, Klinë/ The event brought together ten LPSC members and four Klina and Istog/Istok municipalities. The event gathered 24 KP officers to discuss topics, which included the role and members from the KP, MCSCs, LPSCs, municipal offices for responsibilities of LPSCs, gender equality representation on communities and return (MOCRs) and representatives of LPSCs and the level of progress made, the identification and non-majority communities from these municipalities. While response to hate crimes, and addressing community security the level of co-operation between institutions, police, and issues. The workshop was relevant as the Novo Brdo/ non-majority communities’ representatives in the MCSC Novobërdë municipality does not currently have a Municipal was seen as positive, it was nevertheless agreed that more Community Safety Council (MCSC) and, as such, lacks a information could be shared. Participants also recommended municipal platform for dialogue on security issues faced by that the MCSCs not only needed to react to security incidents, the local community14. As a result of the workshop, both but also develop activities to prevent them. MCSC co- LPSCs can now perform an enhanced role in community ordinators were also invited to include activities proposed by security, inter-community relations and engagement with community representatives in their annual work plans, while local and central security institutions. it was recommended that the composition of each MCSC be further enlarged by including officials from judiciary. A On 16 December, the Mission supported the KP and LPSCs further recommendation was that all MCSC members be in organizing the 19th LPSC Executive Council Meeting. issued with an official municipal badge to reinforce their role Among others, the event was attended by the Minister and status. of Local Government Administration, Head of Mission, Norwegian Ambassador, General Secretary in the Ministry On 30 April, the Mission organized a workshop targeting for Communities and Return (MoCR), officials of the MoIA, MCSCs to discuss new guidelines for local-level mechanisms Mayor of Vushtrri/Vučitrn, Deputy General Director of the on how to respond to incidents affecting communities, KP, chairpersons and members of LPSCs, representatives of developed jointly by the MoCR, MoIA and Ministry for Local ICITAP, Mission and media. The meeting served to identify Government Administration. The workshop gathered 51 best practices, promote information-sharing amongst LPSCs participants, including deputy mayors, deputy chairpersons regarding their progress, assess the successes and challenges, of the municipal assembly for communities, heads of and improve their co-operation with the police and relevant MOCRs, MCSC co-ordinators and members, representatives institutions. During the event, it was noted that LPSCs enable of religious communities, KP station commanders and mayors to obtain important information that can be used to other municipal bodies from Prishtinë/Priština, Gračanica/ prevent crimes and increase the security and public safety. Graçanicë, Fushë Kosovë/Kosovo Polje, Lipjan/Lipljan, Mayors were also encouraged to find optimal modalities to Obiliq/Obilić and Shtime/Štimlje municipalities. During the support community safety forums and work together for the event, it was agreed that co-operation of MCSCs with the benefit of all communities. KP was key for the proper functioning of the MCSC, noting that this should be functioning in all communities. Several Municipal Community Safety Councils recommendations were also proposed as a way to strengthen On 19 March, the Mission organized a roundtable event the guidelines by incorporating best practices received from to support the development of Municipal Community municipalities in the region. The increased presence of the Safety Council (MCSC) work plans, addressing specific KP in those locations where communities in numerical communities’ safety and security concerns in the Prishtinë/ minorities reside, and specifically at return sites, was seen as Priština, Obiliq/Obilić, Lipjan/Lipljan, Fushë Kosovë/Kosovo key. Participants also proposed amending the Administrative Polje and Shtime/Štimlje municipalities. All 27 participants Instruction on MCSC, requesting more competences for shared best practices and recommended organizing further MCSCs. inter-municipal MCSC meetings involving mayors and drafting action plans addressing specific communities’ On 10 May, the Mission organized a workshop on capacity- concerns. Participants also committed themselves to building for new members of MCSC from the Prizren integrating gender equality considerations into their region. The event gathered 32 participants, including MCSC respective action plans. representatives, deputy mayors, MCSC co-ordinators, heads of MOCRs, and communities’ representatives from each of 14 Municipal Community Safety Councils (MCSCs) were established in municipalities the six municipalities in the region. During the workshop, to institutionalize co-operation between municipal institutions, communities and the police. To date, there are 33 established MCSCs with the exception of Novo Brdo/ participants were briefed on the process of establishing Novobërdë (which has not functioned since October 2017 due to the expiration of MCSCs, on outstanding gaps and any non-compliance issues. its mandate after local elections) along with four that remain to be established in the north. They were also introduced to the duties and responsibilities

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of MCSC members in line with the MCSC legal and policy On 31 October, the Mission completed the organization documents. The Mission presented the guidelines for local of 34 co-ordination meetings with key members of all level mechanisms on responses to incidents affecting established MCSCs, with the aim of presenting the facts and communities (with a focus on public condemnation of recommendations stemming from the Mission’s internal security incidents and outreach visits in the affected report on the “Functionality and Performance of MCSCs” communities), as well as on drafting of MCSC work plans, until 2018. Mayors as MCSCs chairpersons, their deputies, including incorporating and addressing the communities’ and co-ordinators, KP station commanders and their safety needs and concerns. deputies, LPSC chairpersons, municipal officials and other MCSC members participated in these meetings throughout On 10 October, the Mission supported the MCSC and 2019. In addition, the Mission conducted a comprehensive community safety action team from Istog/Istok municipality needs assessment survey on capacity-building requirements in organizing an event to raise public awareness about drug, with over 363 participants from 34 municipalities, with the alcohol and smoking abuse and addiction, with a focus goal of collecting public opinion on the recommended and on youth. In front of an audience of directors, teachers, necessary actions by MCSCs in each police region. psychologists, parents’ representatives and pupils, the event included presentations from the deputy mayor, KP officials, On 20 November, the Mission organized a roundtable municipal director of education and experts from the CSO discussion, gathering co-ordinators and members of MCSCs Centre for Psychosocial and Medical Research. from ten municipalities in the Pejë/Peć and Mitrovicë/ Mitrovica region. After an overview of the work of MCSCs in On 29 and 30 October, the Mission organized a workshop the two regions in 2019, 37 participants discussed the main on enhancing the effectiveness of the MCSCs in Prizren challenges faced by MCSCs during their work, such as the and Rahovec/Orahovac municipalities, gathering some relationship with central level institutions, the participation 40 participants. Tailored to the needs of both MCSCs, the of representatives from non-majority communities and workshop provided an opportunity for members to enhance issues of compensation and appointment of members. They their understanding of the role and responsibilities of MCSCs also provided examples of community security concerns from an ethnic and religious communities’ perspective. In and institutional responses, including official MCSC this context, participants were presented with all relevant condemnations. Through a practical exercise, participants documents regulating the work of the MCSCs, including also discussed ways in which to improve their work, the guidelines on responses by local level mechanisms to proposing several ideas that could be included in the 2020 incidents affecting communities. The event also enabled annual work plan, such as awareness campaigns, outreach MCSC members to work, prepare and present draft versions visits to communities and production of information leaflets. of MCSC work plans for 2020, addressing the key safety needs of the ethnic and religious communities in the Prizren On 4 December, the Mission supported the MoIA in and Rahovec/Orahovac municipalities. organizing the annual conference with mayors as MCSC chairpersons. The participants included the Minister, Deputy On 30 October, in line with the Community Safety Strategy Head of Mission, members of the Community Safety Co- that aims to strengthen the capacity of safety mechanisms ordination Office and other MoIA officials, representatives through the establishment and support of MCSCs, the of the Ministry of Infrastructure, two mayors and seven Mission facilitated eight communication and co-ordination mayor’s representatives and MCSC Co-ordinators, heads meetings for community safety forums in the four northern of the KP Directorate for Traffic Safety and Directorate for municipalities of Mitrovica/Mitrovicë North, Leposavić/ Community Policing and Crime Prevention, members of Leposaviq, Zvečan/Zveçan and Zubin Potok. In two bi-annual the Steering Group for Monitoring the Implementation of meetings with each of the four municipalities held in April the Community Safety Strategy and representatives from and October respectively, some 125 participants (including ICITAP and UNDP. During the event, presentations were community safety representatives, KP, municipal officials and delivered by the relevant ministries and senior officials in the civil society) voiced their concerns over the current security KP, addressing traffic safety, infrastructural improvements, and safety conditions in the region. Discussions among and other security challenges. Highlighting the Mission’s participants highlighted their concerns over the political continuous support to municipal community safety, the challenges, institutional gaps, and the lack of projects and Deputy Head of Mission urged the relevant government financial assistance. Throughout these meetings, the majority bodies to address the chronic deficiencies and provide more of participants agreed to continue working together to support to MCSCs and local safety partnerships. In addition, strengthen the level of safety in their local neighbourhoods. the Deputy Head informed the participants on Mission’s activities in evaluating the capacity-building needs for all

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MCSC members and the efforts made toward building a On 10 June, the Mission organized a roundtable in Prishtinë/ sustainable framework for MCSCs, including the launch of Priština, gathering 16 representatives from an informal the Community Safety Web portal in the Prishtinë/Priština women’s safety network, municipal gender equality officers, region in February 2020. and women CSOs to discuss security and safety issues faced by women in the Gračanica/Graçanicë and Obiliq/Obilić Gender-Based Violence municipalities, with a focus placed on domestic violence. From 4 to 8 February, in co-operation with the Italian During the roundtable, participants developed a work plan Embassy, the Mission delivered a ToT workshop for 12 and recommended that both municipalities fund their KP officers on ‘first responders’ to domestic violence. The implementation. workshop equipped the participants with best practice in regard to the effective identification of early indicators of From 4 September to 8 October, in co-operation with the domestic abuse, the domestic violence cycle, appropriate Kosovo Co-ordinator on Domestic Violence, the Mission methods for responding to calls and cases of domestic abuse, organized a workshop with the aim of reviewing the “Action and ensuring the safety of victims and responding police Plan of the Strategy against Domestic Violence 2016-2020”. officers. Participants also learned about the methods to The events gathered 40 representatives from main front- transmit this knowledge to their peers. line ministries and service providers, including the KP Domestic Violence Unit, which is responsible for prevention, From 25 to 29 March, the Mission delivered a training protection, investigation, rehabilitation, and reintegration of workshop on “Dealing with vulnerable victims of domestic victims of domestic violence. The aim was to ensure that new violence” for 14 police investigators. The training focused trends and developments in addressing domestic violence on improving investigative skills of officers in approaching were reflected, that planned activities were redrafted, that and conducting interviews with vulnerable victims of qualitative and quantitative indicators were measurable domestic violence, such as women, children, adolescents, and that inclusion of the local level stakeholders in the elderly people, and persons with physical or psychological implementation of the strategy was increased. disabilities. The training also equipped participants with knowledge about the methods used to protect victims from From 4 to 8 November, the Mission delivered a ToT experiencing traumas, psychological pressure, and possible workshop on domestic violence risk assessment to 20 reiteration of violent conduct. participants representing the KP Domestic Violence Unit, Victims’ Advocacy and Assistance Office of the Prosecution Between 2 May and 10 June, the Mission supported the Office, and shelters for victims of domestic violence across Basic Prosecutor’s Office in organizing workshops on the Kosovo. The workshop provided the potential trainers with “Legal and Policy Framework on Domestic Violence”. The knowledge and practice in working in line with the Spousal event gathered 53 participants, including legal officers and Assault Risk Assessment (SARA) model15. It also equipped newly graduated lawyers undertaking an internship within participants with additional knowledge on domestic violence, the Basic Prosecutor’s Office in Prishtinë/Priština and in particular, taking the appropriate measures to assess the Basic Prosecutor’s Office and Courts of Gjilan/Gnjilane and risk of domestic violence, violence against women and risk Ferizaj/Uroševac municipalities. The workshop aimed at of recidivism. enhancing the participants’ knowledge of the legal and policy framework on domestic violence and on handling domestic From 18 to 22 November, the Mission organized a violence cases in civil and penal procedures. With the specialized training workshop on domestic violence to 16 purpose of treating domestic violence cases as high priority, officers from the KP Domestic Violence Unit. During the the Basic Prosecutor’s Offices nominated seven prosecutors training, 16 police officers from the central and regional level as co-ordinators in domestic violence cases. The Chief of became better acquainted with interviewing practices best the KP Training Department also informed the participants tailored to assist domestic violence related investigations. that domestic violence was included as criminal act in They also learned more about effectively using interviewing the new Criminal Code, including two forms of domestic techniques to ensure that cases of domestic violence are violence: economic and psychologic violence. Furthermore, handled accordingly, and victims’ rights are protected. They participants were also briefed on the KP framework on also gained additional insights on advanced communication domestic violence, including SOPs for Protection from Domestic Violence and Strategy and Action Plan against 15 The Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Guide (SARA) assists criminal justice Domestic Violence 2016-2020. professionals in predicting the likelihood of domestic violence. The tool serves as a quality-control checklist that determines the extent to which a professional has assessed the risk factors of key predictive importance according to clinical and empirical literature.

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techniques regarding domestic violence cases and for a discussion regarding the enhancement of co-operation interviewing vulnerable victims of domestic violence, with between the KP and PIK in recording and investigating particular focus on child victims. potential hate crimes. Participants were further familiarized with the recent changes of the Criminal Code in relation to From 22 November to 9 December, the Mission organized hate crimes. Several recommendations emerged from these seven promotional events in regard to the OSCE-led “Survey events, such as the need for further training on investigation on the Well-being and Safety of Women in Kosovo”, which of hate crimes and information sessions on the amended was launched on 22 November. As a follow-up, the Mission Criminal Code, with focus placed on provisions related to conducted six roundtables in Gračanica/Graçanicë, Prizren, bias motivated crimes for police officers and prosecutors. Gjilan/Gnjilane, Pejë/Peć, Mitrovica/Mitrovicë North and Vushtrri/Vučitrn, to present the findings of the report To support the KP in the implementation of the “Co- and engage with the main local stakeholders, including operation Agreement in Addressing Hate Crimes in Kosovo”, KP Domestic Violence Unit, in a discussion on improving in partnership with the KP Community Policing and mechanisms to better address gender-based violence and Prevention Directorate, the Mission designed and printed domestic violence issues. 3,000 pocket size cards on hate crimes bias indicators, which were handed over to the KP in September for distribution On 18 December, in the framework of the project funded to the regional directorates. Prepared in Albanian, Serbian by the Italian Embassy and the Government of Norway, and Turkish languages, the cards contained information that the Mission handed over three domestic violence friendly will enable police ‘first responders’ to track bias motivated interview rooms to the KP Regional Directorates of Gjakovë/ incidents at the crime scene and provide information for Djakovica, Ferizaj/Uroševac and Prizren. To be used during further investigations. The activity further supports the KP the investigative processes of domestic violence cases, the in the implementation of the Co-operation Agreement in rooms were designed to provide the victims of domestic and Addressing Hate Crimes in Kosovo16, which the Mission gender-based violence with a safe and friendly environment, assisted in developing. equipped with computers, cameras, sofas, beds as well as toys for children. On 28 and 29 September, the Mission organized an inter- cultural youth forum on issues of non-discrimination, hate Hate Crime speech and hate crimes for 37 secondary school students from From 7 to 9 May, the Mission organized a ToT workshop different communities in the Pejë/Peć and Gjakovë/Đakovica on hate crimes for 20 KP officers from different police regions. In co-operation with the KP, the Mission delivered regions. During the event, participants were equipped with the programme, mainly covering conflict resolution and the the skills to deliver training regarding the different aspects difference between the freedom of speech and hate speech. of identifying and investigating hate crimes. Participants Students spoke about the relevant factors for victims of hate learned about concepts of hate crimes, the legal framework, crimes and hate speech as a key aspect in this area. At the the impact of hate crimes and role of police. Participants also conclusion of the forum, all participants presented their level received new skills on the organization of trainings, including of awareness relating to hate crime, which helped to advance logistic preparations and communications with the audience. their understanding of the components that influence the commission of hate crimes and use of hate speech. From 3 June to 26 July, the Mission facilitated an online course on monitoring hate crimes for 11 members from the From 9 to 10 October, the Mission facilitated a research Ombudsperson Institution (OI). Various video presentations visit to Zagreb for five KP officers, co-ordinator for hate and learning resources, as well as specifically designed crime cases in the Chief Prosecutor’s Office, a judge activities consisting of research exercises, quizzes, and from the Serious Crimes Department in the Basic Court discussion forums, enabled participants to develop a better Prishtinë/Priština, and a senior official in the MoIA, understanding of the nature and impact of hate crimes. They involved in implementing the Co-operation Agreement in also learned more about the available tools to accurately Addressing Hate Crimes. The visit was supported by the monitor hate crime occurrences and improve their capacities Croatian Government Office for Human Rights and Rights in establishing effective monitoring systems and responses. of National Minorities, which facilitated a set of meetings with Croatian institutions responsible for implementing From 11 June to 4 July, in co-operation with the KP Training strategies and policies for addressing hate crimes. During the Division, the Mission facilitated eight roundtables on the investigation of hate crimes for 128 officers from all eight 16 The Co-operation Agreement in Addressing Hate Crimes in Kosovo was signed by the MoIA, KP, Chief Prosecutor’s Office and Kosovo Judicial Council (KJC) in February police regions and PIK. The sessions provided a platform 2018.

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visit, participants met with representatives of the respective Specialized Investigations Units / committee in the Croatian parliament and with officials in Forensics the MoJ, where they were introduced to the current polices From 11 to 13 March, the Mission delivered a specialized of victim and witness support, as well as to Criminal Law training course on the identification and examination of and Criminal Procedure Law articles related to hate crimes. newly developed drug types to 13 police investigators of The visit also equipped participants with the knowledge, trafficking with narcotics unit, four police crime technicians best practice and challenges encountered in recording and and three KAF forensic experts. The course helped to equip prosecuting hate crimes, which is expected to assist them in participants with knowledge on the identification of new proposing potential amendments to the domestic legislation drugs, with a particular focus placed on synthetic drugs, as on hate crimes as well as in improving the overall response to well as with effective skills in investigating cases involving bias-motivated incidents. illegal production and trafficking of synthetic drugs. Participants also received training on how to investigate During October, in co-operation with the KP, the Mission cases involving illegal laboratories, forensic methods for facilitated eight one-day workshops in all police regions examining synthetic drugs, and preparation of examination with the aim of enhancing the capacities of LPSCs and reports for the court. police members to support the victims of hate crimes at the local level. In total, around 150 participants received From 3 to 5 June, the Mission facilitated a specialised training information about the hate crime concept and components seminar for three experts of the KAF on Mitochondrial DNA of hate speech and learned about the methods for addressing (mtDNA) analysis18 in Freiburg. The training familiarized both. The Mission also familiarized participants with the participants with the opportunities and limitations regarding content, importance, and usage of the recently designed hate the analysis of DNA samples, and with the latest technology crime pocket cards with the KP, which will assist the KP in and techniques used in mtDNA analysis. Forensic experts identifying potential hate crimes and bias indicators. were also provided with the chance to work together in specific cases with the available technology of their hosting From 13 November to 11 December, upon a request from counterparts. The course enabled the experts to exchange the KP, the Mission facilitated a set of eight workshops in all experiences and discuss potential challenges in mtDNA police regions for 140 police officers and 14 prosecutors on analysis and its impact on criminal investigations. the latest amendments to the Criminal Code. During each workshop, experts from the Prosecution’s Office presented From 10 to 14 June, the Mission organized specialized the amendments with a focus on provisions relating to hate training workshop on international standards for forensic crimes17. The discussions that followed involved the accurate services19 for 11 senior managers and experts of the KAF. qualification of criminal offences and effective enforcement The training provided participants with enhanced knowledge of the new provisions in the Criminal Code during the of forensic quality assurance requirements, focusing on investigation and prosecution of bias motivated crimes. the practicalities of internal quality assurance document control, co-ordination of quality management systems for On 13 December, the Mission facilitated a roundtable to internal auditing, and the measurements of uncertainty review the implementation progress of the “Co-operation during testing. During the training, practical exercises were Agreement in Addressing Hate Crimes”. In line with the conducted, and best practice shared in terms of performing Agreement, which entails the responsibilities of the MoIA, and recording proficiency tests, as one of the main credibility KP, Chief Prosecutors Office and KJC in tackling hate crimes, features of forensics work. the Mission supported the beneficiaries in its implementation with the aim of improving the overall response to hate From 16 to 20 September, the Mission organized an crimes. The roundtable enabled seven representatives from advanced training course for 20 crime scene examiners these institutions to discuss and assess the progress achieved and investigators in the KP, and three forensic agency’s in 2018 and 2019, present obstacles encountered, plan future examiners on reconstructing a crime scene and analysing activities as well as develop an action plan for 2020. and interpreting evidence found. The course improved participants’ skills in using various methods to reconstruct a

18 Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has provided forensic scientists with a valuable tool 17 The Criminal Code was published in the Official Gazette on 14 January 2019, entering for determining the source of DNA recovered from damaged, degraded or small into force three months after publication. The changes include amendments to the biological samples. https://www.nij.gov/topics/forensics/evidence/dna/research/ definition of hate crime mirrored in Article 70, paragraph 2, item 2.12, followed by pages/mitochondrial.aspx criminal offences of light bodily injury, grievous bodily injury, destruction or damage 19 ISO/IEC 17025:2017 specifies the general requirements for the competence, to property, aggravated murder and assault, if committed with bias motivation or on impartiality, and consistent operation of laboratories. https://www.iso.org/ the grounds enlisted in the Code as protected characteristics. standard/66912.html.

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crime scene involving death investigations and explosion, as quality assurance, DNA, crime scene investigations, and re- well as in determining the sequence of multiple events based certification on Information Security Management Systems on evidence found. The course also explained how to analyse for the staff in the agency. blood evidence, blood droplets and blood trails. Public Order and Crisis Management From 23 to 27 September, the Mission facilitated an additional From 19 to 22 March, the Mission organized an advanced advanced training workshop, focusing on improving the skills training workshop on defensive tactics and operational police of 18 KP crime scene officers and two KAF examiners on the skills for 19 officers of the KP Rapid Reaction Teams who act as methods and tools used to record different shoe impressions, ‘first responders’ in organized crime operations. The workshop tyre impressions and tool marks at crime scenes. The event assisted in strengthening the capacities of participants in focused on two main areas - shoe impressions evidence defensive tactics, arrest, and control techniques during and tyre impression analysis. A major part of the workshop challenging circumstances. It further provided participants focused on methods for identifying patent and latent prints with the necessary skills to ensure that the proper use of force and impressions, the documentation and photographing of and tactics is applied in cases of high-risk arrest and control. prints and impressions, the proper evidence submission and report writing. In the consecutive week, the activity was followed by a ToT workshop for 19 officers from the Rapid Reaction Teams, From 11 to 15 November, the Mission organized training focusing on improving their capacities to plan, deliver workshop on crime scene reconstruction involving firearms and evaluate training on defensive tactics. With the aim to 15 KP forensic investigators and four ballistics experts in to ensure long-term sustainability through enhancement the KAF. This practical oriented event provided participants of their ability to deliver such training to their colleagues, with knowledge on the collection and principles of physical the workshop taught the officers about the principles of evidence at shooting incidences, the nature of related crime advanced defensive tactics, arrest, and control techniques in scene reconstructions, recognition, and identification in the challenging environments. It also provided participants with use of firearm related incidents, and stages of reconstruction. an opportunity to exercise and improve defensive tactics and The training also entailed practical exercises with live methods to professionally respond to armed robbery cases. firearms, including handguns and automatic rifles, the impact of ballistics to vehicles and other target surfaces. From 24 to 28 June, the Mission delivered specialized training seminar on risk assessment for special operations to 20 police From 18 to 22 November, the Mission organized a training officers in the KP Special Operations Division. The seminar seminar for two ICT forensic experts in the KP Crime aimed at improving the skills of risk assessment officers and Technique Directorate on XRY - Advanced Apps Analysis20 commanders in the special operations division, focusing on in Stockholm. The seminar equipped participants with a using risks assessment tools to effectively manage special thorough knowledge of mobile forensics. The course taught operations, along with developing efficient operational plans participants about decoding smartphone data, as well as how using the ‘threat-harm-risk’ matrix, and identifying and to use the relevant software to analyse the content and find understanding different types of risks in an operation. the wealth of deleted information on smartphone applications and their databases. It also focused on the fundamental From 16 to 18 October, the Mission organized familiarization elements of knowledge required to recover, decode, and training workshops regarding the Benelli M4 Shotgun reverse engineer applications to decrypt encrypted files for 20 officers from the KP Division of Specialised Units. stored in a phone handset. The workshops aimed at equipping participants with the skills needed to safely handle the shotgun when integrated On 26 November, the Mission supported the KAF in in explosive ordnance devices, covering the structure, facilitating a workshop to review their Development Strategy characteristics and maintenance, handling, and usage. and Action Plan 2016-2020, which the Mission had previously assisted in the drafting of. Alongside Mission experts, senior Other, including co-ordination and managers from the forensic agency evaluated the efforts co-operation of their staff and partners in achieving the goals of the From 11 to 15 November, the Mission accompanied strategy’s action plan. Furthermore, the Mission helped the the KP General Director and senior staff to a series of KAF to implement several specialized training sessions on meetings with the Federal Austrian Police and TNTD at the Secretariat in Vienna. During the visit, participants met 20 XRY - Advanced Apps Analysis course is an ideal introduction to mobile device with representatives of TNTD/ATU, TNTD/SPMU and forensics, acting as a foundation course for examiners and investigators. See https:// www.msab.com/training/xry-certification/ TNTD/BSMU. Furthermore, they met with the respective

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counterparts of the Federal Austrian Police to exchange Activities Related to Threats information and discussed matters relating to transnational threats concerning issues such as terrorism, organized crime, Posed by Criminal Activity cybercrime, and trafficking of illicit drugs. Organized Crime On 14 November, the Mission organized a workshop on From 2 to 6 December, in line with the Strategy and Action the issue of illegal re-occupation of properties in Prishtinë/ Plan against Organized Crime, the Mission facilitated the Priština for some 50 participants, including judges, participation of three senior KP officers to a series of regional prosecutors, police officers, Kosovo Property Comparison introductory meetings in Skopje, Tirana, Podgorica and and Verification Agency (KPCVA) and OI. The aim was to Zagreb. The aim was to enhance the level of co-operation discuss court practices in dealing with illegal re-occupation and co-ordination between the KP and the respective cases through the justice system, following the KPCVA regional counterparts against organized crime. The meetings performed evictions. During the workshop, it was noted that resulted with agreements on forming JITS and engaging in members of the judiciary face challenges in understanding investigating transnational crimes upon identification of their role vis-à-vis the mandate of mass-claim mechanism cases of interest. established to resolve conflict-related property claims. Furthermore, judges and prosecutors stated there was a lack Financial Investigations, Anti-Money of legal clarity concerning their mandate to order the release Laundering and Seizures of Criminal of illegally re-occupied properties, including the mandate of Proceeds the law enforcement authority. From 30 September to 2 October, the Mission facilitated the participation of a KP officer, one judge and prosecutor On 26 November, the Mission organized a conference on in an international financial investigation seminar in Neuss. fraudulent property transactions in Prishtinë/Priština, The seminar aimed at increasing the co-operation of police bringing together representatives from the MoJ, judges, officers, prosecutors, and judges with financial investigators prosecutors, police, KPCVA, free legal aid providers of participating countries, to prevent the profit from crimes and lawyers. The aim of the conference was to assess the by effectively freezing, confiscating, and recovering the challenges and progress achieved since the publication of the proceeds of crime. The overall phenomena and structures OSCE report Fraudulent Property Transactions in the Pejë/ of money laundering were presented in various workshops Peć Region in 2009. During the event, participants reiterated and expanded in subsequent discussions with participants, that most of the concerns identified in the report remained who were also familiarised with the latest developments in unresolved, despite the fact that a decade had passed since financial investigation. the publication of the report. Participants actively took part in discussions and provided suggestions to address cases in From 7 to 11 October, in co-operation with representatives of the criminal and civil procedures. the EU funded project “Further Support to Kosovo Institutions in the Fight against Organized Crime, Corruption and Violent During 2019, the Mission organized 11 activities with KP, Extremism”, the Mission delivered two specialized training including other legal actors. Activities focused on topics courses on conducting parallel financial investigations for like domestic violence, covert, technical investigative seizure and confiscation of assets. In total, 30 investigators and surveillance measures, degradation of forest and from the central and regional level in the KP Investigations environment, community and policing awareness, proper Department, six public prosecutors and four judges qualification of criminal offences and protections orders, attended the trainings. Through practical exercises and case access to compensation and provisions in the new Criminal studies, various methods and best international practices Code on Domestic Violence. In total, 318 police and legal on asset tracing, financial profiling, case management and actors participated in these activities. financial analysis were presented. A focus was also placed on preparing disclosure and restraint orders and alternative disruption tactics, as well as to developing and carrying out effective financial interviews with a targeted subject, aimed at identifying and seizing criminal assets and income.

On 16 October, in partnership with representatives of the aforementioned EU funded project, the Mission conducted a workshop on FATF recommendations for 18 participants representing the KP, Kosovo Tax Administration, FIU, ACA

69  4.3 Mission in Kosovo

and basic courts. The Mission delivered presentations on sharing of gained knowledge to a wider group of participants. combating money laundering and terrorist financing, as During the workshop, two senior officers presented the key elements of the recommendations, while the EU project structures of Dusseldorf’s State and Federal Police offices for presented the topic of investigations into a terrorist cell investigating terrorists and their methodologies of countering against the background of a real-life fund-raising activity. The financing of terrorism. Participants also discussed terrorist workshop also examined terrorist financing methodologies cases in Kosovo, FTF returnees and their daily activities, and and countering terrorist financing via the Internet, including the strengthening of co-operation between the police and FIU. the ‘Darknet’, as well as the content of the 5th EU Money Laundering Directive (mirroring limited prosecutions/ From 28 October to 5 November, the Mission supported the convictions for terrorist financing in Kosovo) was presented. KP in organizing three public information sessions on P/C VERLT through using a community policing approach for Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT some 280 students from the public universities of Ferizaj/ From 25 to 29 March, the Mission organized a specialized Uroševac, Pejë/Peć and Prizren. With the aim of increasing training workshop on the effective use of equipment for awareness, understanding, and preventing abilities, students radioactive material, chemical or biological agents, in were familiarized with the definitions of extremism and cases suspected to be or attributed to act(s) of terrorism radicalization, the factors and motives of young people to 14 members from the KP Special Bomb Squad and two exposed to extremism, as well as the recruitment and the investigators of the Directorate of Crime Techniques. The radicalization process. Participants were also acquainted workshop equipped participants with the ability to identify with the current situation, the figures of persons who took and detect radioactive material, chemical or biological agents, part in foreign wars, returnees from Syria, the process of de- measure the level of radiation, and familiarize themselves radicalization and reintegration of returnees, and the main with the guidelines for incident command and reporting objectives of the strategies on P/C VERLT and community lines. Upon the request of the Bomb Squad managers, policing. the training centred on the description and usage of the related equipment available to this unit and provided an On 14 and 19 November, the Mission supported the KP in opportunity for participants to practically use the equipment facilitating two similar workshops for 70 pre-university in specifically designed case scenarios, involving radioactive teachers on P/C VERLT through the use of community material, chemical or biological agents. policing. The events acquainted participants from the municipalities of Prishtinë/Priština and Pejë/Peć on the need From 1 to 7 July, the same officers received an additional to promote a multi-dimensional understanding of the threats specialised practical training workshop from the Mission of VERLT, thereby emphasizing their role in prevention on operational management and best practice during efforts. decontamination operations involving large number of persons. The aim was to prepare the ‘first responders’ to a From 18 to 20 December, for the fourth consecutive year, suspected terrorist incident (involving a radiation, chemical the Mission supported the Office of the Prime Minister or biological agent) to establish a decontamination operation. (OPM) in facilitating a workshop to evaluate the annual During the workshop, live exercises were conducted in areas implementation of the 2015-2020 Strategy and Action such as mass decontamination techniques and procedures Plan on Prevention of VERLT. The workshop gathered and the different phases of decontamination. representatives of a government-WG, the Mission, IOM and US Embassy, who reported on the implementation of From 8 to 11 May, the Mission facilitated a research visit for respective activities foreseen in the Strategy’s Action Plan. two senior officers in the KP Counter-Terrorism Directorate The WG highlighted the main challenges faced such as the and FIU to the German Federal Investigation Department in lack of inter-institutional co-ordination, lack of budget to Dusseldorf. The aim was to familiarize officers with the EU implement planned activities, and inability to participate in policies on co-operation in security-related aspects, which regional and international fora. cover countering terrorist financing and judicial response to terrorist financing in EU countries. During the visit, both Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors sides exchanged views on implementation of the existing legal In April and May, the Mission delivered eight workshops and a documents and mutual legal recognition principles currently specialized training course across the territory on undercover existing in the EU. methods of investigating trafficking with narcotics for 65 police investigators in KP central and regional anti-drug Following the visit, the Mission conducted a workshop for 18 units. The workshops introduced the characteristics of a officers of these two agencies, with the aim of facilitating a professional undercover operation, along with techniques and

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application, with a focus on investigation at an international with a focus on the wellbeing of victims of THB, from early level as a key tool for combating drug trafficking. Each session identification to re-integration. contributed to fruitful discussions, sharing of experiences and identification of various constraints that the police face in From 16 to 18 October, in line with the Action Plan of the this area, especially in relation to international investigations. Strategy against THB 2015-2019, the Mission organized a To conclude this activity, on 22 May, the Mission organized training course for 26 communication officers from the MoIA, a practical specialized exercise, simulating an undercover KP, and journalists from different media outlets on using the situation in Prishtinë/Priština, where participants had the ‘victims-first’ approach. The event aimed at strengthening the opportunity to practically demonstrate the skills gained THB prevention component and was designed to increase the during these sessions. capacities of those participants who report on THB cases to enhance professional communications and prevent the re- From 11 to 15 November and from 2 to 6 December, upon the victimization of trafficked persons. Participants also learned request of the KP, the Mission delivered two training courses about the importance of their co-operation in broadcasting on different drug trafficking investigation techniques to two information, as well as in raising public awareness about THB. groups of 15 KP officers from the Directorate of Investigation of Trafficking with Narcotics. During both courses, On 17 December, the Mission facilitated a workshop on participants acquired skills in investigating drug trafficking the challenges in managing cases of THB for 16 senior cases - from the evidence collection phase to a successful police managers from the central and regional levels of the submission of case files to the court. Participants were Directorate for Investigation of THB. Participants included trained on recognizing new drugs and precursors, preparing the Chief Prosecutor and the KP Director of Organized operational plans, conducting undercover operations, Crime Department. During the event, participants discussed physical surveillance, and interviewing and interrogation the daily challenges they faced in the levels of co-operation techniques. The events further familiarized the participants and co-ordination between the police and prosecution. with international co-operation and the types of organized Participants also discussed the strategic approach and crime involved in drug trafficking, clandestine laboratory identification of operational challenges in tackling THB while safety and marijuana cultivation investigations. developing new amendments (January 2019) to the Criminal Code relating to THB. Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration-related Crime Cybercrime From 23 to 25 April, the Mission delivered a training course From 30 January to 1 February, the Mission organized on strengthening the inter-sectorial co-operation of relevant a workshop to review the annual implementation of the institutions on THB in Mitrovica/Mitrovicë North. The event Cyber Security Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2019. During was attended by representatives of the KP Directorate for the review, the MoIA, as the main stakeholder, decided Investigation of THB, Public Prosecutor’s Office, Victims’ to transfer the remaining activities that have not yet been Advocacy and Assistance Office, Basic Court, and civil implemented, to the new mid-term strategy and action society. Through the use of lectures and various case studies, plan due to be drafted in 2019. The event brought together participants gained a knowledge of issues relating to the 28 representatives from of the MoIA, MoJ, Ministry of identification, protection, referral of victims of trafficking, Economic Development (MoED), Ministry of Finance and investigation of THB cases and traffickers. (MoF), KP, Kosovo Regulatory of Electronic and Postal Communication, Agency of Information Society and Agency From 2 to 5 September, the Mission organized a workshop for Personal Data Protection, Mission and UNDP. As a result to finalize the draft of the Strategy and Action Plan against of the workshop, 19 recommendations were subsequently THB 2020-2025, gathering 30 participants representing all agreed and submitted to the MoIA for future improvements relevant local institutions and international organizations in this area. working on THB. With contribution of all stakeholders, the new strategy and action plan was finalized, addressing also On 27 February, to assist the police in conducting effective the concerns and shortcomings identified in the Group of investigations of cybercrime and cyber-enabled crime cases, Experts on Action against THB 2015 (GRETA) Report 3721, the Mission provided the KP Cybercrime Investigation Sector and the US State Department Trafficking in Persons Report22, with high-end IT equipment. This donation complemented the provision of hardware and software assets provided to 21 GRETA (2015)37, Report on the compliance of Kosovo with the standards of the the unit in 2018, which further strengthens the capabilities Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings, adopted on 22 December 2015 and published on 12 April 2016. of the KP to analyse, combat and investigate various cyber 22 Trafficking in Persons Report, Department of State, US, published in June 2019. threats and crimes. This donation equipment will assist the

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KP in collecting and examining digital data and evidence From 17 to 20 December, the Mission facilitated a workshop found in crime scenes and produce actionable findings. on drafting and completing the new Strategy and Action Plan for Cyber Security 2020-2025. In total, 26 members from the From 6 to 7 June, in co-operation with local institutions for OPM, MoIA, MoJ, MFA and MoF, KP, Regulative Authority drafting a new Cyber Security Law, the Mission facilitated for Electronic Communication, Post Data Protection Agency, a research visit for representatives of the MoIA, KP and Tax Administration Agency (TAA), and international KAF to Estonia, to enable them to gain best practices in the organizations attended the workshop. During the event, the development and implementation of cyber security legislation. participants completed the draft version of the strategy and During the visit, participants met with representatives of action plan. Estonian Information System Authority, Central Criminal Police, e-Estonia Briefing Centre and Private IT Sector, to Other discuss the challenges and lessons learned during their process On 10 September, the Mission organized a seminar on of drafting and implementing legislation. Discussions focused improving the capacities of law enforcement agencies in mainly on accurate definitions of cybercrime and cyber- combating the rise of armed robbery as a response to the enabled crimes’ articles, critical information infrastructure increased public concern on this issue. During the seminar, and computer emergency response teams. participants received training on the basis of a fictitious analysis report, and were encouraged to involve investigators, Following the visit, from 23 to 25 July, the Mission organized crime analysts, financial investigators, and intelligence officers a workshop on finalizing the new draft of the new Cyber in investigating a series of robbery cases. An emphasis was Security Law. During the workshop, represented by the MoIA, placed on covert measures and covert entries into premises MoJ, MoED, MoF, KP, KAF, Kosovo Regulatory of Electronic like houses, apartments and garages, as well as on the primacy and Postal Communication, Agency of Information Society, of preserving life during all operations. The event gathered the Mission and ICITAP, the WG finalized the previously ten participants representing the KP, FIU, TAA and judiciary. developed working document using the expertise and practices from established EU member states.

Mission in Kosovo – Police-Related Activities in 2019

33 55 Training Total Analysis of Lessons 242 Learned, Assessments Information and Guidelines Exchange / Institution 154 and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 84%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 16%

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2019 highlight – Increasing police capacities to address domestic violence

Throughout 2019, the Mission also enabled 14 police investigators In December, with the support of remained committed to assisting the to gain knowledge in dealing with the Italian Embassy and Norwegian beneficiaries in addressing gender- vulnerable victims of domestic Government, the Mission provided based violence, with an emphasis violence. three regional KP directorates with placed on domestic violence. In an three domestic violence friendly effort to sustain their capacities in In November, upon beneficiaries’ interview rooms for use during the this area, the Mission continues to request for more specialized investigative processes of domestic support the KP Domestic Violence capacity-building activities, violence cases. Designed to offer Unit (DVU) in effectively preventing the Mission conducted a ToT a safe and friendly environment and fighting domestic violence workshop on domestic violence for the victims of domestic and through the delivery of specialized risk assessment for 20 members gender-based violence, the Mission and ToT courses. of the KP Domestic Violence Unit, equipped these rooms with Prosecution Office, and shelters computers, cameras, sofas, beds, Building on the successfully for victims of domestic violence. and toys for children. completed activities in the past, Participants gained knowledge in February, in co-operation with to assess the risk of domestic The Mission will continue to focus the Italian Embassy, the Mission violence and violence against its assistance in strengthening delivered training sessions for 12 women, as well as in working the skills of the KP officers and KP trainers as ‘first responders’ to effectively according to the SARA prosecutors to effectively assess domestic violence. As a successful model. Moreover, through an gender sensitive risks and manage investigation into domestic violence additional specialized training the risk of domestic violence is largely dependent on ‘first event, the Mission equipped cases. With the community policing responders’, participants learned 16 officers of the KP DVU with approach seen as key in preventing how to identify early indicators of interviewing skills regarding domestic violence, the Mission will domestic abuse, methods to employ domestic violence cases. With a also continue to facilitate additional when responding to calls involving focus placed on the protection of specialized training workshops domestic violence, and how to vulnerable victims’ and children related to domestic violence transfer the acquired knowledge to rights, participants learned about for police officers involved in others. During a specialized training motivational techniques and community policing. seminar held in March, the Mission interviewing strategies.

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4.4 Mission to Montenegro

Introduction In 2019, the OSCE Mission to Montenegro (the Mission) continued to help strengthen a transparent, responsive and accountable security and public safety sector in Montenegro in line with OSCE politico-military commitments. Under the Mission’s Security Co-operation and Governance Programme one international (one position vacant) and three national staff members continued to implement priorities identified by the Mission documents as outlined below. Since 2005, policing in Montenegro has undergone a series of dynamic institutional changes. From 2005 to 2011, the Police Department (PD) acted as a separate public authority. In 2012, it was reintegrated into the MoI. In January 2019, it became operationally independent from MoI and hence re-established as separate entity once again23.

BUDGET (UB)*

2019 2018 TOTAL TOTAL 2,152,100 EUR 20% 2,146,200 EUR 19% 84% SECURITY COOPERATION AND SECURITY CO-OPERATION/ GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME POLICE AFFAIRS 402,600 EUR 420,100 EUR POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES (61% of the Security Co-Operation/ (52% of the Security Co-operation/ Police Affairs) Police Affairs) 244,000 EUR 218,000 EUR STAFF* 2019 2018 TOTAL SECURITY CO-OPERATION AND TOTAL SECURITY CO-OPERATION/ GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME POLICE AFFAIRS 5 Total 20% 7 Total 3 Local Total 5 Local 16% 2 International 35 2 International Total 32

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Mission to Montenegro.

23 As per the Government’s Decision on Organization and Functioning of State Administration of 6 December 2018 Official Gazette of Montenegro] No. 87/2018, Art. 4 and 22). At the same session, the Government also adopted the corresponding Draft Law on Amending the Law on Internal Affairs, sending it to the Parliament, where its adoption remains pending.

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The MoI retains competences for internal control, professional standards, human resources management (HRM), financial management, and strategic planning. These changes over a short period have positively influenced the dynamic of the police reform process as well as the effectiveness and efficiency of the host-country and donor’s resources.

Throughout 2019, the Mission developed activities in partnership with the PD, which corresponded to the PD’s strategic and operational requirements, the Mission’s mandate and OSCE commitments and principles.

and internal documents. A new survey will be conducted and Activities Related to presented by the Mission in November 2020.

General Police Development Police Development and Reform and Reform On 25 September, the Mission participated in the “Regional Seminar on Integrity Training for Law Enforcement Agencies” in Podgorica, organized by the Geneva Centre for Police Monitoring and Confidence-Building Security Sector Governance (DCAF). The event witnessed On 24 and 25 October, the Mission organized a workshop 15 representatives from regional law enforcement and in Podgorica for members and staff of the Parliament police education institutions who discussed best practice in on “Parliamentary oversight of the police, defence and terms of building and sustaining integrity through training intelligence sectors”. Participants discussed the legislative and e-learning techniques. Funded by the Norwegian framework, practical approaches as well as ways to address government, the event was organized in the framework of classified information. DCAF’s Regional Police Co-operation and Integrity Building Programme in the Western Balkans. In co-operation with the local CSO Institute Alternative (IA), the Mission conducted monitoring of the implementation Strategic Planning including Threat of the 2016 to 2020 Police Strategy and 2019 Action Plan, Assessment focusing on general policing, combating serious and On 7 and 8 October, during the implementation of the organized crime, police integrity and gender mainstreaming. national Serious and Organized Crime Threat Assessment, in co-operation with the PD’s Criminal Intelligence Division From 15 April to 15 December 2019, IA undertook a desk and Department for Analytics and Development, the Mission research to observe the trends obtained in areas covered by organized a workshop in Podgorica for 30 police officers. The the Strategy and Action Plan, primarily dealing with data aim was on applying a proactive ILP policing model to combat on the fight against organized crime and corruption. IA serious and organized crime and support, enhancing the subsequently developed a draft monitoring report, which skills of specialized crime units in collecting, and reporting was submitted to the Mission in December 2019. The and analysing data and crime- related statistics. Report described the delays in the implementation of the AP, caused by “the ongoing institutional reorganization and staff Gender Mainstreaming rotation in the MoI and PD as of January 2019”. The report Increasing the participation of women in the security sector also provided baseline information to develop the 2020 remains one of the Mission’s key priorities as women make Action Plan while also supporting PD efforts in developing up only 11 per cent of the police force in Montenegro and the new 2021 to 2024 Police Strategy. no women hold any positions of seniority within the PD. In addition, within three municipalities, there are no women From 16 to 27 December, the Mission conducted a “Police police officers. Public Perception Survey”24 . The results of the survey will be used by the Mission and PD in developing strategic polices From 19 to 22 February, the Mission supported the International Police Association Office in Montenegro, 24 With a sample size of 500 adult respondents from central, south and north regions Women’s Police Association (WPA), Police Union of of Montenegro. ‘Face-to face’ interviews were conducted using Computer Assisted Montenegro, PD, and TNTD in organizing a “World Personal Interviewing techniques to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the process. Conference of Women in the Security Sector” in Budva, to

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On 18 and 19 June, to support WPA representatives in better adjusting to the changing environment caused by the restructuring in the PD, the Mission organized a workshop on change management. The event aimed to provide effective tools for participants to better understand the impact of change, while learning how to support and adjust to change, deal with resistance and foster a sense of common purpose to achieve optimal working standards. The knowledge and skills imparted through the workshop will assist participants in strengthening capacities across different teams, departments, and hierarchical levels within the PD, both internally and externally.

On 13 November, in partnership with DCAF and the Centre for Integrity in the Defence Sector in Norway, the Mission A training for re-accreditation of the Forensic laboratory supported the PD in organizing the annual meeting of “Police to international standard of quality ISO/IEC 17025:2017, Persons of Trust’” in Podgorica. Some 30 participants from aimed at equipping forensic experts with the necessary the PD, NSA, as well as experts from Norway, Serbia and skills to comply with the updated standards, Danilovgrad, Slovenia participated in the meeting. The “Police Persons Montenegro, December 2019. (Darko Dakovic) of Trust” mechanism was introduced by the PD in 2018 to support gender-mainstreaming activities during the implementation of measures in the Action Plan for increasing examine the challenges to the participation of women in the number of women in the PD, such as open days in the international peace and security efforts. Panel discussions police and outreach visits to secondary schools. During addressed ways to increase the number of women working the meeting, participants shared best practice, challenges, in the security sector, including best practice and lessons and similar support mechanisms for police officers. They learned. Participants came from the police and armed also acknowledged that “Police Persons of Trust” required forces of Albania, BiH, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, management support, personal motivation, continuity, as Germany, Israel, Italy, France, Moldova, North Macedonia, well as mentoring assistance. Montenegro, Norway, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey and US. At the margins of the event, the TNTD/ Gender-based Violence SPMU Police Adviser presented the TNTD/SPMU’s During 2019, in co-operation with the Secretariat’s multi-year initiative “Increasing and Supporting Women’s Programme for Gender Issues, the Mission supported the PD Participation at All Levels of Policing”, during which the in raising awareness and active participation of all relevant Montenegrin authorities volunteered to serve as the pilot society actors in preventing and combating violence against project for this initiative in the SEE region. Subsequently, the women. As only a small percentage of women have reported Mission advocated for funding with the Italian Government that they have experienced violence by their partners, the donating EUR 48,559. The Mission will continue to act as Mission produced promotional and educational material a platform for co-ordinating the initiative with national that was published in all cities. The Mission also launched an stakeholders and international donors in partnership with online resource containing help and information support to TNTD/SPMU, and will support the foreseen activities prevent and combat violence against women. By 1 November, in 2020 once remaining project funds for Montenegro 261 criminal offences related to domestic violence were are raised. committed in Montenegro and 1,304 misdemeanour charges were filed in relation to 1,479 misdemeanours, which had On 13 and 14 June, as part of its assistance to the PD violated the law. The PD continued to co-operate with all in strengthening gender mainstreaming, the Mission social actors involved in the prevention and suppression organized a training seminar in Podgorica on project of domestic violence and participated in the work of drafting techniques for the WPA. The course introduced multidisciplinary local government teams. Montenegro is five WPA representatives to the methodology and one of the first states among those who signed and ratified principles of drafting project proposals, which will enhance the Istanbul Convention, committed to amending legislation, their capacities in strengthening the overall sustainability introduce practical measures and provide resources for the of the WPA. effective prevention of violence against women and domestic violence.

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Specialized Investigations Units/Forensics accreditation due to be confirmed by the EC’s deadline on 30 As part of its commitment to strengthen national capacities November 2020. in combating criminal networks and supporting ILP, the Mission has supported the institutional development of Other, including co-ordination and the PD’s Forensic Centre (FC) in Danilovgrad since its co-operation establishment in 2008, in terms of providing equipment and On 24 and 25 September, the Mission facilitated the providing training to experts. In May 2009, with the support participation of PD representatives to the OSCE Annual of the Mission, the FC became a fully-fledged member of Police Expert Meeting in Vienna, organized by the Slovak the European Network of Forensic Science Institutions and OSCE Chairmanship with the support of TNTD/SPMU. The chemical analysis accreditation in International Standard meeting examined the developments in AI in the work of law of Quality ISO\IEC 17025:2005 in December 2014. This enforcement authorities and agencies. The main findings and accreditation provides an assurance that the FC laboratory outcomes of the meeting will serve as strategic pathway for delivers competent operations, validity and confidence in the OSCE in terms of developing and providing capacity- its results. As evidence from the FC can now be accepted building and technical assistance to participating States and in any European court, this represents an important step Partners for Co-operation. forward in combating regional and international crime. In addition, within the process of accreditation, in co-operation On 26 and 27 September, the Mission participated in the with the Mission, the FC initiated mentoring accreditation TNTD/SPMU organized Annual Meeting of the HoLEDS of projects with the other Western Balkan countries to further FO’s “Addressing Corruption in the Police and in the Society” strengthen cross-border criminal justice investigations. in Vienna. Including delegates from participating States and OSCE executive structures, participants exchanged In the course of 2019, the Mission supported the information, best practice and lessons learned. During the strengthening of PD technical capacities in the fight against meeting, the Mission presented its work in assisting the PD serious and organized crime, by enhancing the digital forensic to strengthen police integrity and fight corruption. examination and cybercrime investigations. The Mission procured equipment for the FC, criminal police and newly established Police Sector for Combating Organized Crime and Corruption, including specialized devices and software. Activities related to threats The equipment will help in assisting criminal investigations and support law enforcement institutions in establishing a posed by criminal activity comprehensive approach in tackling organized crime. Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT In noting that the EC updated the standard of ISO\IEC 17025 From 7 to 8 November, in co-operation with the Ministry of in 2017, the Mission supported the FC in transitioning from Sport and Youth (MoSY), the Mission organized a workshop the standard 2005 to a new legally binding 2017 version25. On on youth engagement on P/C VERLT in Budva. Around 26 and 27 December 2019, in co-operation with the Standard 20 young people from across Montenegro discussed how Cert Company in Belgrade, the Mission organized a certified to combat violent radicalization, its sources, as well as the training course on ISO\IEC 17025:2017 for ten forensic national prevention framework that promotes a multi- experts in Danilovgrad. The course identified the key steps dimensional approach. required in the transition process between the two versions of the standard. The course further helped to develop a review From 19 to 20 November, the Mission supported the of all key changes, focusing on the risks, opportunities and implementation of the 2019 P/C VERLT National Action management system options, and clarifying internal rules. At Plan (NAP) by organizing a workshop on P/C VERLT for the conclusion of the training, forensic experts went through 80 teachers from primary and secondary schools in Bijelo testing and examination, with the successful candidates Polje and Bar respectively. Supported by the National Co- awarded certificates, attesting to their ability to handle ordinator for Combating Violent Extremism and Ministry imposed changes and apply new knowledge in a laboratory of Education (MoEd), the workshop focused on assessing environment. Compliance by the FC with the new standard risks and mechanisms to prevent and combat violent is expected to be reached by March 2020 and the respective extremism, online radicalization, and misuse of social accredited bodies will scrutiny the process with the final re- networks. A focus was placed on how the internet can be used to promote violent extremism and radicalization that leads to terrorism. The main conclusions from the event 25 The EC allowed a three-year transition period for accredited laboratories, with accreditations to the old standard expiring on 30 November 2020. were that a) this process requires an integrated approach

77  4.4 Mission to Montenegro

and b) that educators were at the forefront of preventing Cybercrime violent extremism. On 18 and 19 February 2019, with the support of the Mission, the TNTD Co-ordinator and Cyber Co-ordination Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors Cell member conducted an in-country visit with national On 26 and 27 November, in partnership with the Ministry authorities engaged in the cyber/ICT security policy sector. of Health (MoH) and PD, the Mission organized a regional The aim was to increase the awareness of OSCE cyber/ meeting in Podgorica on emerging threat of NPS to health and ICT CBMs as well as better understand the latest national safety. Some 30 participants from law enforcement agencies developments. Meetings took place with senior-level officials and health care institutions in Albania, BiH, Montenegro, from the MoPA, National Computer Incident Response Team, Serbia and Slovenia attended the event. Experts from TNTD/ MoD and PD. In October 2019, as a follow-up to the visit, SPMU, UNODC Programme Office in Serbia, and European TNTD provided the authorities with a CBM implementation Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction discussed ‘roadmap’, which included suggestions on how to progress on challenges faced while also exchanging information and best core components of cyber/ICT security policy and make use practice. The Mission supported the meeting as part of its of existing capacity-building programmes. support to the institutions in devising a multi-disciplinary approach to combating illicit drugs, especially in the context On 3 and 4 April, in co-operation with the Slovak OSCE of law enforcement agencies’ efforts in combating serious Chairmanship, Slovak Embassy and TNTD/ATU, the and organized crime. Mission organized a seminar in Podgorica on “Cyber Security and use of the Internet for Terrorist and Organized Trafficking in Human Beings & Crime purposes”. The event aimed at enhancing the Migration related Crime capacities of the institutions in responding to threats and On 11 and 12 July, the Mission focal point for THB participated implementing countermeasures on cyber related incidents. in the “OSCE THB Focal Point meeting” in Vienna. In total, 27 participants, from the MFA, MoD, MPA, MoJ, Army, NSA, Agency for Personal Data Protection and PD During 2019, the Mission assisted in the design and printing participated in the event. During the seminar, participants of the Strategy for Combating THB for 2019-2024 and Action discussed CBMs in cyberspace between countries, the role Plan for 2019, which had been developed with support from of international and regional organizations in reducing the Mission. the risks of conflict stemming from the use of ICT, social media network security and internet. Participants also In April, in co-ordination with the OSR/CTHB, the Mission discussed how the education system can support the early supported the participation of the Higher State Prosecutor recognition of radicalization and violent extremism leading and Head of Task Force Team for fighting THB in the OSCE`s to terrorism. Discussions during the seminar reflected 19th THB Annual Alliance Conference held in Vienna. The on how police investigations and intelligence-gathering conference provided an opportunity for the participants to (including digital forensic evidence) can support effective meet with counterparts from other countries and exchange responses to threats on cyber related incidents. experiences. During the event, participants discussed emerging ICT developments that can be used by stakeholders Border Security and Management / - such as law enforcement, policy analysts, social service Customs providers, and civil society - to maximize their scalability and From 19 to 21 March, as part of the TNTD/BSMU “Border impact by adopting a more co-ordinated approach. Community Security Programme” (BCSP),26 the Mission conducted “Risk Assessment and Cognitive Behaviour” On 26 and 27 September, in co-operation with the MoI, training in Podgorica within the project “Addressing FTFs National Office for the Fight against Human Trafficking Security Threats at International Airports”, which began in and Judiciary Training Centre, the Mission organized a 2018. The training was attended by 23 border guards, custom training in Podgorica for judges, prosecutors and police officers and representatives of the Civil Aviation Agency, officers on implementing non-punishment procedures Airports and NSA working at international airports in for victims of THB. In total, some 20 judges, prosecutors Podgorica and Tivat. and PD representatives participated in a training, which focused on developing guidelines for implementing the general principles regarding the non-punishment 26 The BCSP was developed by TNTD/BSMU in co-operation with the Montenegrin provisions for victims of THB, as presented by the Mission authorities, aimed at improving information exchange and co-operation amongst law in December 2018. enforcement and private sector representatives in reducing the risk of criminal and terrorist acts occurring, especially those related to the cross-border movement of foreign terrorist forces through Montenegrin airports.

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From 31 October to 1 November, as part of Mission support Montenegro, the BCSP will now be replicated in another to national efforts in implementing the API ‘Road Map’, Western Balkans country during 2020. developed by the OSCE in 2017 as response to transnational threats of FTF, the Mission facilitated the participation During 2019, building on the success of a regional workshop of a national delegation at the 3rd OSCE-wide Seminar on for the SEE region in 2018, in co-operation with TNTD/ ”Passenger Data Exchange” in Vienna. The aim of the seminar BSMU and Ministry of Culture (MoC) and supported by the was to support the implementation of UNSCR 2396, which Italian and Slovak Embassies, the Mission organized three focuses on preventing the return of FTFs by collecting API workshops in Podgorica to examine best practice in the and PNR data. protection of cultural heritage and prevention of trafficking. The first two workshops focused on establishing a database On 28 and 29 November, in co-operation with TNTD/BSMU, and culture property registry, while in the third, INTERPOL the Mission conducted a study visit for six national focal provided basic training to law enforcement agencies on how points on BSM from the PD, Customs, Civil Aviation Agency, to access INTERPOL information and investigations in a co- and Airports to Schiphol airport in the Netherlands. During ordinated manner in the fight against the illicit TCP. the visit, participants were familiarized with the Dutch approach to information exchange, risk analysis, inter-agency With the support of TNTD/BSMU, significant progress and cross-border co-operation and security management at has been made in helping to develop an inter-institutional airports. They also had the opportunity to visit the airport response to address TCP. Led by the MoC, in co-operation security area and examine its border control, the latest with the MoJ and law enforcement agencies, the government document detection technology and the functioning of API committed itself to developing a database and catalogue system. The visit was the final activity within the BCSP in of cultural properties and cultural heritage. On 17 May, Montenegro, which had been the pilot country for BCSP in Montenegro signed the CoE Convention on Cultural Property terms of supporting national efforts in improving information Offences in Helsinki as a part of measures to strengthen the exchanges and co-operation to reduce global criminal and protection of cultural property with the aim of spreading terrorist threats, particularly FTF’s returnees at international and combating the destruction, harming and smuggling of airports. The BCSP had been implemented successfully in cultural property through the criminalization of certain acts,

Mission to Montenegro – Police-Related Activities in 2019

4 9 Analysis of Lessons Training Information Learned, Assessments Total Exchange / Institution and Guidelines 37 and Capacity-Building

24

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 49%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 51%

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and strengthening the prevention of crime and the response firearms in the region. The meetings provided an opportunity of the criminal justice system to all criminal offences. The to inform on and co-ordinate activities implemented pursuant adoption of the relevant law on the Convention’s ratification to specific goals of the Roadmap. During these meetings, the is currently under preparation. data collected by the national authorities on the Roadmap’s Key Performance Indicators was presented. Other On 28 May and 20 and 21 November, in co-operation with On 11 July, the Deputy Head of Mission participated in the FSC and representatives of the Montenegrin SALW marking of International Gun Destruction Day, during which Commission, the Mission participated in the first and some 1,259 pieces of confiscated and voluntarily surrendered second “Regional SALW Roadmap Co-ordination Meetings” SALW and components were destroyed by the MoI at the held in Sarajevo and Tirana, respectively. The meetings Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy in Nikšić. The event served were organized in the context of the implementation of the as a reminder to the threat posed by poorly secured and EU Council Decision 2018/1788/CFSP in support of the illegal weapons to public safety and security. The MoI, implementation of the “Regional Roadmap on combating UNDP SEESAC, and CSO Centre for Democratic Transition illicit arms trafficking in the Western Balkans”, as part of the supported the event. ‘Franco-German’ initiative on combating illicit trafficking of

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South - Easte rn Europ e

4.5 Mission to Serbia

Introduction During 2019, the OSCE Mission to Serbia (the Mission) applied a comprehensive and inclusive approach to supporting SSR measures, linking reform process in criminal justice system, enforcement, defence, democratic control of security, and community participation.

Throughout 2019, the Mission provided support in fostering a more accountable security sector, able to address serious threats and crimes while ensuring public safety and protection of human rights of all citizens. Mission assistance focused on: · Improving internal control and police accountability systems; · Embedding community policing in crime prevention through partnerships with local governments and civil society; · Fostering regional co-operation in combating transnational and organized crime;

BUDGET (UB)*

2019 2018 TOTAL TOTAL 6,258,600 EUR 15% 6,238,000 EUR 84% 15% SECURITY CO-OPERATION SECURITY CO-OPERATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT 944,800 EUR 930,300 EUR

STAFF* 2019 2018 TOTAL POLICE AFFAIRS TOTAL POLICE AFFAIRS 19 Total 19 Total 15 Local 15% 15 Local Total 15% 4 International 126.8 4 International Total 124

(UB)1

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Mission to Serbia.

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· Developing a comprehensive approach to dealing with VERLT; · Enhancing inter-agency co-operation to increase and improve prosecution of corruption and economic crimes (including money-laundering); · Building police capacities in cyber forensics and investigating cybercrime; · Promoting OSCE’s comprehensive approach to SSR; · Strengthening mechanisms responsible for protecting victims of trafficking; · Supporting the implementation of the Strategy and Action Plan to Prevent and Suppress Human Trafficking, with a focus on trafficking in women and children; and · Controlling SALW.

On 6 June, in co-operation with the MoI’s Basic Police Training Activities Related to Centre, the Mission organized a seminar in Belgrade for the MoI’s recruitment focal points from most police districts. General Police Development During the event, 40 participants learned about selection

and Reform and enrolment procedures required for basic police training and exchanged experiences regarding outreach activities in their respective local communities. This was the third Police Development and Reform seminar organized since the establishment of the network of From 4 to 5 June, the Mission supported the Slovak OSCE recruitment focal points in December 2017. Chairmanship-in-Office and Secretariat in organizing a regional meeting on SSR in Belgrade. The event gathered From 28 to 30 June, the Mission supported a joint retreat 120 senior practitioners from the national security sectors, in Vrnjačka Banja for the Vocational Police Association academia and civil society in the SEE region. The event was “European Police Officers of Roma Nationality” and officials the first in a series of regional workshops organized to build in the MoI’s PD and Sector for HRM. The retreat served as greater understanding of how the OSCE can improve its a vehicle for developing the Association’s Action Plan for assistance to participating States in national reform process. 2020/2021, based on the evaluation of impact made so far, the needs and proposals by representatives of national minorities Human Resources / Police Management and MoI, as well as the findings from a key strategic To support reforms within the MoI’s human resource governmental and civil society analysis on advancing the management system and to contribute to achieving a representative nature of the police service. more representative police service, from March to June, the Mission supported the MoI and Vocational Police From 27 November to 20 December, to consolidate the Association European Police Officers of Roma Nationality competence of participants in curriculum development, and in organizing an information sharing campaign on the reflect the reform of HRM, in co-operation with the MoI, requirements for applying for basic police training. Over the Mission organized a four-week training in Belgrade for 400 participants representing Serbia’s national minorities eight participants from the MoI’s Police Training Centre on learned about the requirements and selection process for contemporary training needs analysis and on structuring enrolling in the training. An outreach campaign in March training programmes with the accompanying curricula. The was organized in 17 Belgrade municipalities27 while a similar training focused on the application of theoretical approaches, campaign, in June, was organized in 15 municipalities28. To while participants used their current work assignments in the renew the Association’s Action Plan, the Mission facilitated a development of the curricula. seminar in Vrnjačka Banja, where the Association discussed the challenges faced by national minorities’ representatives in From 9 to 17 December, in partnership with the MoI, the accessing police education and employment. Mission organized a training workshop in Belgrade on police training evaluation. The workshop provided 15 participants with the latest approaches to training evaluation and served 27 Barajevo, Čukarica, Grocka, Lazarevac, Mladenovac, Novi Beograd, Obrenovac, to identify the modalities for the implementation of a two- Palilula, Rakovica, Savski Venac, Sopot, Stari Grad, Surčin, Voždovac, Vračar, Zemun week programme on training evaluation, which is scheduled and Zvezdara. to take place in 2020. 28 Belgrade, Bor, Jagodina, Niš, Novi Pazar, Novi Sad, Pančevo, Pirot, Požarevac, Prokuplje, Smederevo, Šabac, Valjevo, Vranje and Zrenjanin.

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Human Rights and Police Accountability the use of obtained evidence. In the final event, participants With the aim of fostering greater accountability in the undertook a simulation exercise where they investigated and relationship between the community and the police, from tried corruption and economic crime cases. May to December, the Mission partnered with the Office of the Commissioner for the Protection of Equality and From 11 to 12 December, the Mission participated in an MoI in organizing four workshops in Novi Sad, Pirot, international conference in Poiana Brașov (Romania), Kopaonik and Belgrade for police officers on identifying and focusing on the integrity and ethics of the law enforcement responding to various types of discrimination. In total, some organized by the Romanian MoI’s Anti-Corruption General 97 police officers from 16 police districts29 learned about Directorate. Gathering representatives from law enforcement the international standards and national legislation related and civil society from Bulgaria, Greece, Moldova, Romania to anti-discrimination and the principles of gender equality and Serbia, the Mission delivered a presentation on in the security sector. In line with the agreement between the OSCE’s policy towards strengthening integrity and the MoI, the Commissioner’s Office and Mission, half of all accountability of the police and the value the OSCE offers participants were women police officers. The Mission also in terms of assisting host country partners translate these continued to address the topic of hate crimes in these courses. policies into practice.

On 12 June, in assisting the authorities in combating In December, in co-operation with the MoI, the Mission corruption within the police and in co-operation with the commissioned the 12th consecutive annual public perception MoI’s Sector for Internal Control (SIC) and DCAF, the Mission survey on the work of the police, to provide reliable data for organized a workshop in Belgrade on “Integrity Planning and measuring trends on how the Serbian public perceive the Management and Risk Assessment Methodologies” for 24 effects of the police reform process30. MoI representatives. Since the corruption risk assessment needs to be developed for different work positions within Anti-Corruption the MoI, the Mission supported SIC in developing the In order to strengthen the capacities of police and prosecutors methodology for risk assessment and publishing Guidelines in the fight against corruption, from February to June, the for Conducting the Corruption Risk Analysis within the Mission organized five workshops on analysing accounting Ministry of Interior. documentation in Kragujevac, Niš, Vrnjačka Banja and twice in Belgrade for 100 police officers and 30 prosecutors From 19 to 20 September, the Mission facilitated the from the specialized Anti-Corruption Departments. During participation of the Deputy Director of the ACA and Head the events, participants learned how to analyse different of the Internal Control of the Custom Administration to types of accounting records, interpret financial information the launch event in Vienna of the Regional Anti-corruption contained in the official records, and detect errors that could Platform of Internal Oversight/Control Departments of indicate possible malpractice or other illicit behaviours. Border and Law Enforcement Agencies from the Western Balkans, Ukraine and Moldova. The event represented a On 15 March, the Mission donated IT equipment to the part of a joint project developed by TNTD and OCEEA in MoI’s Anti-Corruption Department on the Department’s 1st co-ordination with the relevant FOs in supporting the said anniversary. The donation of 45 desktop computers with LCD institutions in preventing and countering corruption along monitors will assist the Department in conducting complex the national borders. The platform aims to provide a forum to financial investigations, examining fraud, and investigating examine trends, developments, challenges and achievements money-laundering cases. in preventing and countering corruption as well as in promoting integrity in border security and management. On 2 October, with the aim of assisting the authorities in addressing corruption in sport, in partnership with the To foster police accountability, from October to December, Norwegian Embassy and Italian Government, the Mission the Mission partnered with the SIC in building the capacities organized a conference in Belgrade, tackling corruption and of police investigators in demonstrating economic crime and football match fixing. The event gathered 90 participants from corruption offences. To this end, the Mission organized four the MoI, ACA, and office of the Republic Public Prosecutor training events in Belgrade for 20 participants who learned who all discussed transnational aspects of match fixing, the about money laundering and conducting complex financial links between organized crime and sport, and the methods to investigations, bank documentation, application of special detect corruption-prone activities. evidentiary measures and the criteria for their approval, the legal constraints under which they are to be performed and

30 The survey was conducted using a representative sample of 1,000 ‘face-to-face’ 29 Belgrade, Jagodina, Kikinda, Kragujevac, Kraljevo, Kruševac, Leskovac, Niš, Novi interviews. The questionnaire contained 100 questions that were used in past surveys, Pazar, Novi Sad, Pirot, Prokuplje, Sombor, Subotica, Vranje and Zrenjanin. thus enabling data comparison and analysis of trends.

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co-operation with the MoI’s Criminalistics Investigation Directorate and its Service for Drug Addiction Prevention and Narcotics Suppression, from March to October, the Mission organized five training events in Belgrade for 126 school police officers. The topics covered included the risk factors for young people with a drug dependence, the application of police powers within a school environment, and the prevention of drug use. The MoESTD, MoH and MoSY, and UNODC Office in Belgrade contributed to the training by providing their expertise on issues related to drug use prevention, treatment and care.

In line with the Mission’s support to local initiatives that promote police-public partnerships through the Safety Training for School Police Officers on prevention of drug Council (SC) mechanism, on 19 February, the Mission abuse and violence among schoolchildren and improving organized a public presentation for 16 members of the safety of schools, Belgrade, 28 August 2019. (OSCE) Novi Pazar SC on positive practices in the functioning of Municipal Safety Councils (MSC). Participants explored ways of improving the functioning and impact of its work and Community Policing, Police-Public its co-ordination with city administration. Relations and Crime Prevention In 2019, the Mission continued its co-operation with the On 19 March, the Mission gathered SCs from two MoH, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological multicultural cities - Novi Pazar and Sombor - to promote Development (MoESTD), and MoSY in the implementation the SC model developed in co-operation with the Standing of the project “Prevention of risky behavior among children Conference of Towns and Municipalities. Taking place in through sports and education”, also known as “To success, Sombor, the event served as an opportunity to foster closer together!” The project aimed to create an environment that partnerships and exchange of best practice between citizens provided positive alternatives for school pupils to resist and local police in the development of local safety strategies. pressures that can result in delinquency, violent extremism, drug abuse and peer violence. From 17 to 19 June, the Mission organized a networking event in Novi Sad to strengthen the capacity of 20 members In this context, from 4 February to 27 March, the Mission from nine MSCs31 in the design and implementation of organized two training courses in Belgrade where experts violence prevention activities for youth and children. During from the MoESTD and CSO CEPORA trained 15 volunteers the event, participants exchanged best practice in improving from six schools from Belgrade, Kragujevac, Leskovac, Niš, local safety of youth and children. Novi Pazar and Novi Sad who were involved in the project. The training covered the primary prevention of violence, From 12 to 14 October, in co-operation with the Zemun styles of learning, prevention of digital violence, violence MSC, the Mission facilitated a two-day football tournament at sports events, risk factors and prevention of addictive in Belgrade as part of the project “Be a supporter, not a disorders in adolescence, resilience and peer pressure, and hooligan”. The project aimed to raise awareness among young application of drama techniques in the education of children people about ‘fair play’ and decent supporting during sports and youth. matches, and of the consequences when public properties are destroyed and physical violence used. Six primary schools Furthermore, on 11 May, 150 children from six primary from Zemun participated in the tournament, which was schools participated in a school football tournament in preceded by educational sessions held in local schools by the Kragujevac, marking the closing of the second year of members of the SC and the respective school. the project. On 13 December, the Mission organized an educational sports event in Kragujevac for some 120 children From 21 to 22 November, the Mission organized a meeting from four primary schools, marking the final completion of of MSCs in Niš to promote voluntary firefighting at the the project. local level. In total, 20 municipal officials and police officers

To support national efforts in preventing drug abuse among schoolchildren and improving safety in schools, in 31 Čačak, Leskovac, Niš, Novi Pazar, Pirot, Šabac, Surčin, Zemun, and Zvezdara.

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from 11 cities32 learned more about the functioning of the processes. The Mission facilitated this process through which national Firefighting Federation and legislation governing the 49 peer educators from the school and MSC were informed establishment of local voluntary firefighting brigades. about the results, who then took ownership of the process by designing future activities. From 20 to 21 May, the Mission facilitated the participation of three representatives from the MoI’s Drug Addiction From September to December, in co-operation with CSO Prevention and Narcotics Suppression Service in the Duga from Ada, the Mission implemented the project “Youth Criminalistics Investigation Directorate at the “24th German Volunteer Camp on Emergency Management”. The project Congress on Crime Prevention” in Berlin. During the aimed at increasing the capacity of young people from the event, participants acquired information and ideas about municipalities of Ada and Nova Crnja to react in real-time to developing practical and policy responses to the problem of emergency response situations, promoting voluntary action drug abuse, crime prevention, especially in drug prevention and community engagement. among youth. From 1 to 4 October, the Mission organized a study visit From 16 to 18 May, to further foster the use of sports in youth to Poland for ten members of the Voluntary Firefighting crime prevention, in co-operation with TNTD/SPMU and Association, MSCs and MoI’s Sector for Emergency UNODC, the Mission organized a regional ToT programme Management. During the visit, participants studied the in Belgrade on life skills “Line Up Live Up”. The training served organization of the Polish Fire Services, visiting two voluntary to familiarize sport coaches, trainers and physical education fire brigades in Wąbrzeźno and Ryńsk, as well as the state fire teachers from the SEE region on the training delivery service in Kujawsko-Pomoskie province and Warsaw. methodology while facilitating the exchange of experiences on the ways to use sport in youth crime prevention. In total, From 25 to 29 November, the Mission facilitated a study 19 participants from Albania, BiH, Montenegro, North visit of a delegation from the Kyrgyz Republic MoI to Macedonia and Serbia took part in the training. their counterparts in Belgrade, in co-operation with the Programme Office in Bishkek. The visit enabled the exchange From 10 to 14 June, the Mission organized a study visit for of knowledge and skills in developing effective systems of eight representatives from the MoI’s Drug Prevention and police-public partnerships, best practices in community Narcotics Suppression Service, Department for Prevention policing, joint crime prevention plans, and co-operation and Suppression of Juvenile Crime and Uniformed PD to the between the General PD in the Serbian MoI and the MoI of Polish Police Central Bureau of Investigation in Warsaw. The the Kyrgyz Republic. In addition, the Kyrgyz law enforcement visit served to encourage information exchange in the areas officers enhanced their knowledge regarding community of narcotics abuse and combating illicit drugs as well as in policing principles in their daily work and the role of developing effective drug prevention systems. Participants independent institutions and civil society in monitoring also gained an insight into drug synthesis and production, police work and reform process in Serbia. the equipment used in illicit laboratories and the techniques used to collect evidence. Gender-based Violence As part of its support to the MoI in strengthening the In line with its wider efforts in supporting the institutions capacity of forensic centres, from 18 to 20 March, the Mission in crime prevention, safety planning and constant dialogue organized a training course for staff from criminal forensics on local safety issues, the Mission supported civil society in centres in Belgrade, Niš and Novi Sad on interviewing child the implementation of inclusive preventive activities. From victims of violent criminal offences. During the training, a March to August, in co-operation with the CSO Centre specialist child psychologist provided 18 participants with for Reintegration and Activism Belgrade, the Mission valuable insights on applying special techniques when implemented the project “Promoting Culture of Non- conducting forensic interviews with children suffering sexual violence among School Children in Zvezdara Municipality”. or physical violence. Based on the results of the research on hate crime among schoolchildren in the municipality, conducted with Mission From June to October, in co-operation with the CSO Impuls, support in 2018, the project aimed at reducing the current the Mission implemented the project “Sharing good practices level of tolerance toward violence among citizens through in promoting gender equality and developing community a series of workshops and ‘peer-to-peer’ capacity-building safety”. The project aimed to share best practice in promoting gender equality and developing community safety at the local level. On 19 June, the Mission organized a roundtable 32 Čačak, Leskovac, Loznica, Medveđa, Niš, Novi Pazar, Pirot, Šabac, Trgovište, Zemun, and Zvezdara. in Novi Sad where 11 municipal representatives exchanged

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best practice in preventative work with youth in local how to apply special techniques when conducting forensic communities. During the event, the CSO Impuls also shared interviews with children who had suffered sexual or physical its own experiences in preventing gender-based violence. violence and, in addition, discussed ways of incorporating such knowledge into their daily activities. From 2 to 4 August, in co-operation with the CSO Impuls, the Mission organized the festival of women friendship Specialized Investigations Units / “Rebellion is a woman’s thing” in Tutin with support from Forensics the Global Fund for Women and one Mission-supported From April to November, in partnership with the Judicial panel on 4 August. The panel served as an opportunity to Academy and MoI’s National Forensic Centre (NFC), the present the civil society’s research on the implementation Mission organized crime scene investigation capacity- of the National Action Plan on UNSCR 1325 conducted by building training events in Novi Sad, Niš, Kragujevac, the Mission-supported CSO Network 1325 over the last two Zlatibor and Belgrade for prosecutors and police. Delivered years. by experts from the NFC, the training assisted in building the capacities of 140 prosecutors and forensic technicians in With the 20th anniversary of the UNSCR 1325 “Women, crime scene inspection, with a focus on proper identification, Peace and Security” Agenda in 2020, the Secretariat’s collection, and handling of material evidence. Participants Programme for Gender Issues commissioned research on the learned new techniques that they will be able to apply Agenda’s implementation in the OSCE area, including main during the pre-trial investigation phase. Organized in six challenges and best practice33. In support of the initiative, different locations across the country, these training events, from 23 to 26 September, the Mission facilitated a visit of an allowed the prosecution and police authorities to exchange independent researcher who was tasked with analysing the experiences and address the challenges faced in the context situation in Serbia on this issue. of prosecutorial investigations.

On 24 October, the Mission organized a workshop on Public Order and Crisis Management promoting best practice in project activities related to gender From September to December, in co-operation with the CSO equality and the prevention of domestic violence in south- Belgrade Centre for Security Policy, the Mission implemented west Serbia in Pirot for 20 CSO representatives from east and the project “Prevention of Sports Hooliganism in Serbia”. The south Serbia. aim was to assess the implementation of the National Strategy against Violence and Misbehavior at Sports Events. After Through cross-programmatic co-operation, the Mission conducting research, the Centre produced an assessment supported the research on the implementation of the UNSCR report that included a map of violent incidents committed by 1325 in Serbia, which had been launched by the Secretariat’s hooligans in Serbia since 2013, which was presented publicly Programme for Gender Issues. With the approaching of the to initiate a discussion on the main characteristics of violent 20th anniversary of the “Women, Peace and Security” Agenda incidents, court practice, and institutional responses to in 2020, the Programme for Gender Issues commissioned a violence in sport. qualitative research on the implementation of the Agenda in the OSCE area, including its major challenges as well as good practices. In addition to Serbia, the research encompassed BiH, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova and Ukraine. An independent Activities Related to Threats researcher visited Serbia from 23 to 26 September to take stock on the achievements. The Mission assisted the Posed by Criminal Activity researcher in conducting interviews with representatives of the MoI. Organized Crime To support the MoI in regional initiatives on combating As part of its wider support to the MoI in strengthening the organized crime and terrorism, the Mission facilitated the capacity of Serbia’s forensic centres, the Mission organized a participation of five police officers in the “Western Balkan three-day training course from 18 to 20 March for staff from Financial Investigation CEPOL Exchange Programme” in criminal forensics centers in Belgrade, Niš, and Novi Sad on Bulgaria in January, Spain in July, and Italy from September to interviewing child victims of violent criminal offences. In total, October. During the programme, national law enforcement 18 participants learned from a specialist child psychologist officials developed their skills in dealing with transnational organized crime in the context of effective financial investigation, with a focus on the rule of law and fundamental 33 In addition to Serbia, the research encompassed BiH, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova and Ukraine. rights. Such programmes help to create sustainable

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professional networks, building upon the exchange of detect signs of radicalization or indicators that they might be professional experience of FIUs, Anti-Money Laundering linked to terrorism. The final training seminar was also held Units and Counter-Organized Crime Departments across for members of the multi-stakeholder WG for the control of the region. non-profit organizations.

To contribute to the sustainability of regional prosecutorial From 25 to 28 September, with the aim of strengthening the co-operation in combating transnational and organized capacity and co-operation of law enforcement agencies in crime, from 3 to 5 June, the Mission supported the countering the use of the internet for the purposes of online organization of the “5th Permanent Conference of Organized radicalization, incitement, gathering and dissemination of Crime Prosecutors” in Bucharest. The conference brought information for terrorist purposes, in co-operation with together senior-level prosecutors from Albania, BiH, the Italian Embassy, the Mission organized a study visit to Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, North Rome for five officers from the MoI’s Service for Combating Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia, who discussed Terrorism and Extremism, and Deputy Prosecutor for High- issues relating to the co-operation and information sharing Tech Crime from the Public Prosecutor’s Office. During the in serious transnational crime and terrorism34. visit, the participants were introduced to the national relevant institutions, their operations, and models for exchanging Financial Investigations, Anti-Money information. Laundering and Seizures of Criminal Proceeds From 17 to 18 October, the Mission organized a visit for As part of the second phase of the project “Enhancing five officers of the MoI’s Counter Terrorism and Extremism Capacities of Serbian Police to fight corruption”, to enhance Service to Europol Internet Referral Unit in The Hague. the capacities of police and prosecutors within specialized anti-corruption departments in the fight against money Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors laundering, from September to November, the Mission From 10 to 14 June, the Mission organized a study visit for organized seven advanced training courses on “Interactive eight representatives of the MoI’s Drug Prevention and Money Laundering Investigative Techniques”. During the Narcotics Suppression Service to the Polish Police Central courses, some 148 police investigators and prosecutors Bureau of Investigation in Warsaw. The visit enabled engaged in case study exercises relating to money laundering the sharing of new practices on drug abuse prevention, investigations. especially among youth. Participants gained an insight into drug synthesis and production techniques, along with the From 16 to 19 December, the Mission assisted the Secretariat techniques used to collect evidence. in organizing a regional workshop “International Co- operation and Mutual Legal Assistance in Asset Recovery” in Trafficking in Human Beings & Belgrade, aimed at supporting regional efforts in addressing Migration-related Crime transnational crime. In total, 15 participants from Albania, To foster regional co-operation in combating organized BiH, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia, representing crime and transnational threats related to illegal migrations criminal prosecutors’ offices, police investigators in financial and human smuggling, in May and November, the Mission investigations and financial organized crime units, discussed facilitated two operational meetings in Ohrid and Budapest regional co-operation in relation to asset seizure and the respectively, for some 26 of prosecutors and police management of assets seized from persons suspected of investigators in charge of combating the smuggling of organized crime. migrants from Hungary, North Macedonia and Serbia.

Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT Following the second meeting, the Mission organized a From September to October, in co-operation with the MoI, the seminar in North Macedonia for 50 participants where Mission organized four training seminars in Ruma, Kopaonik, experts from Austria, Italy, and Turkey delivered training Niš and Vrdnik for tax and administrative inspectors on on investigating cases involving human smuggling and P/C VERLT. In total, 50 tax and administrative inspectors collecting and document evidence from open sources. From from the Ministries of Finance, Public Administration and February to November, the Mission also supported three Local Self-Government learned how to assess if non-profit operational meetings in Serbia and Hungary to exchange organizations were being used to finance terrorism, and to operational information and intelligence in relation to joint investigations.

34 During the event, the Greek State Prosecution Office joined the Permanent Conference, which now comprises 13 prosecution offices. On 18 July, the Mission supported the participation of the

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National Co-ordinator for THB, and representatives of the points and ‘first responders’. The Mission also supported Centre for the Protection of Rights of THB Victims, and these events by providing training materials, 100 USB flash CSO ASTRA in the regional workshop on combating THB in drives and VPN licences required for the training. Jahorina, organized by the OSR/CTHB and Mission to BiH. The workshop witnessed a discussion among participants on To enhance police capacities in combating transnational the issue of identification of THB victims in mixed migration treats and effectively using forensic evidence, in partnership flows. Representatives of National Referral Mechanisms with the MoI’s of Serbia and Russian Federation, the (NRM) in Albania, BiH, Croatia, North Macedonia and Serbia Mission organized two five-day training workshops at the discussed the situation in their own countries, exchanging Russian Federation’s MoI in Moscow. From 8 to 12 April, best practice and lessons learned. The event enabled a the training focused on countering cyber-enabled crime discussion on the recently published OSCE Guidelines for and cybersecurity, while the second workshop, organized the Identification of Victims of Trafficking in Mixed Migration from 21 to 25 October, addressed the analysis of electronic Flows along the Western Balkan Route and its adaptation in a data-storage devices when investigating crimes. In total, 16 national context. representatives from Serbia’s MoI’s Criminal Investigations Directorate participated in the courses. Cybercrime During 2019, in co-operation with the MoI’s Department for From 23 to 24 September, the Mission supported one Combating Hi-Tech Crime, the Mission conducted a series representative from the MoI to participate in the 2019 OSCE of seminars organized in Belgrade, Kragujevac, Niš, Novi APEM “Artificial Intelligence and Law Enforcement: an Ally Sad, Srebrno Jezero, Subotica and Zlatibor for 100 police or an Adversary?” held in Vienna. The aim was to familiarize investigators, with the aim of building their capacities in the MoI with the recent developments in the use of AI tools combating cybercrime and conducting cyber forensics. Led by law enforcement agencies and criminal community. The by a mobile team of trainers from the MoI’s Cybercrime meeting also addressed legal, ethical and human rights Department, whose capacities were built with Mission’s concerns, as well as gender issues related to AI and law support in 2018, participants learned about best practice enforcement. in conducting research and collecting and documenting information obtained from open source databases. It is From 6 to 18 December, in co-operation with the MoI, anticipated that the participants will become cyber focal the Mission organized two one and half day workshops in

Mission to Serbia – Police-Related Activities in 2019

82 Information Training Analysis of Lessons Total 167 Exchange / Institution Learned, Assessments 80 and Capacity-Building and Guidelines 5

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 74%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 26%

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Vrdnik for the MoI’s Sector for International Co-operation a second two-week pre-deployment training course in on E-diplomacy. As a result, some 28 participants from the Belgrade, for 23 future civilian secondees to international MoI personnel responsible for bilateral and multilateral co- missions in the OSCE, EU and UN. During the course, operation learned more on how to raise awareness on cyber participants learned more about deployment procedures and security, data protection and use of social media. about each international organization.

Border Security and Management/ On 16 and 17 May, to assist in the implementation of the Customs “Agreement on Co-operation and Measures to Increase From 16 to 20 December, to strengthen the capacity of the the Safety of Journalists”, the Mission partnered with the police to fight transnational and organized crime, the Mission Public Prosecutor, MoI, media and journalist associations organized a study visit to Frontex and Polish Border Agency in organizing a training seminar in Belgrade on the safety in Warsaw. The visit helped six border police officers from the of journalists. In total, 50 police and prosecutors had the newly established Compensatory Measures Unit in the MoI opportunity to exchange views with representatives of the to strengthen their capacities on border security management media and journalist associations in this area. measures applicable in different regimes, including internal and external border management. From 24 to 26 September, the Mission supported the MoI and Association of Judges of Misdemeanor Courts in organizing Other an expert meeting in Soko Banja on the implementation From April to July, in implementing the project “Promoting of the Law on Road Traffic Safety. Some 110 participants, Security Sector Governance Reform concepts on free online including 40 representatives of the MoI’s Traffic Police from platforms”, in co-operation with the CSO Belgrade Centre for all 27 police districts and 70 judges of Misdemeanor Courts Security Policy, 15 students received training on concepts exchanged views and data on the implementation of the law. related to SSR. The group was also trained on creating content The event highlighted the need to strengthen the co-operation for free online platforms, which resulted in the publication of and co-ordination of the police and judiciary in applying road nine on-line entries in the Serbian language on SSR concepts. safety regulations to reduce the social costs caused by traffic accidents. On 13 Маy, the Mission supported the MoD in implementing

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S outh - East e rn Europ e

4.6 Mission to Skopje

Introduction The work of the OSCE Mission to Skopje (the Mission) and its Police Development Unit (PDU) is based on the Mission’s original mandate of 1992 on policing and on the OSCE MC and PC decisions stemming from the “Ohrid Framework Agreement” (OFA) in 2001. According to the provisions in “Annex C” of the OFA, the Mission was called upon to assist in a number of specific areas of policing, which were added to the initial mandate. These included the recruitment and training of more than 1,000 new police cadets from minority communities, as well as the phased and co-ordinated redeployment of the national police personnel to the former crisis areas.

Following the completion of the above task, the Mission’s PDU has been supporting law enforcement agencies, particularly the MoIA, in developing a depoliticized, professional

BUDGET (UB)*

2019 2018 TOTAL TOTAL 6,506,100 EUR 16% 6,483,400 EUR 16% 84% POLICE DEVELOPMENT UNIT POLICE DEVELOPMENT UNIT 1,032,000 EUR 1,049,900 EUR

STAFF* 2019 2018 TOTAL POLICE DEVELOPMENT UNIT TOTAL POLICE DEVELOPMENT UNIT 23 Total 23 Total 11 Local 15% 11 Local Total 15% 12 International 153.5 12 International Total 154

(UB)1

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Mission to Skopje.

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service in line with international democratic principles and human rights standards leading to comprehensive security, by delivering and facilitating police training, supporting the development and implementation of the National Police Reform processes and providing expertise at the policy and planning level.

During 2019, the Mission continued to support the MoIA in improving its professional capacity while advancing the implementation of police reforms, and strengthening its institutional capacity and efficiency in applying the principles of democratic policing in a multi-ethnic society, taking into account gender sensitive policies. The Mission also continued to support the law enforcement agencies in strengthening their institutional capacities in the fight against transnational threats with a focus on combating organized and serious cross-border crime and terrorism, including financial crimes, cyber security, THB, illegal migration and effective border management.

discussed the overview of the achievements from the last Activities Related to strategy, obstacles faced, unimplemented priorities, and the comparative strategic focus of the Ministry. General Police Development and Reform From March to October, the Mission supported the work of MoIA’s WG in drafting the TC Development Strategy by facilitating six WG meetings in Skopje to support the drafting Police Development and Reform of the MoIA’s 2020 to 2022 TC Development Strategy. Both On 7 and 8 February, the Mission organized a ‘kick-off ’ the Strategy and the Action Plan provide a comprehensive workshop in Struga for the MoIA’s WG that is developing strategic ‘roadmap’ that will guide TC’s sustainable capacity the HRM Strategy. The WG was tasked to draft, review and infrastructural development in the next three years. In and finalize the new 2020 to 2022 Strategy and an Action December, the Minister of Internal Affairs approved both Plan. In their capacity as a WG member, a Mission documents. representative provided a presentation on the components of HRM, international standards and best practice, the From 5 to 7 March, the Mission organized a ‘kick-off ’ online application for recruitment, the promotion exam, the workshop in Veles for the MoIA’s WG tasked with drafting, automated performance appraisal system, the creation of a reviewing and finalizing the Community Engagement and backlog list of candidates and clear job descriptions. Communications Strategy and Action Plan. WG members agreed on the methodology, format and content of the From February to October, the Mission supported the strategy, expressing confidence that they will be able to MoIA’s WG on HRM Strategy by facilitating six WG identify and draft both documents. meetings to draft the strategy. As strategic priorities, the strategy indicated the development of a merit-based career From March to October, as foreseen in the drafting of development model, implementation of a promotion the MoIA’s 2020 to 2022 Community Engagement and exam, a pool of candidates, an online recruitment system, Communication Strategy, the Mission supported the MoIA’s an improved annual performance appraisal system and a WG on Community Engagement and Communication by contemporary human resources information system. In facilitating six WGs in Skopje and two focus group meetings in December, MoIA approved both documents. both Skopje and Strumica. During both focus group meetings, participants discussed the key safety concerns and their ideas On 27 and 28 February, the Mission organized a ‘kick- for interventions in relation to the legal framework, police off ’ workshop in Bitola for the MoIA’s WG on drafting the organization and local government. The strategy presented Training Centre (TC) Development Strategy and Action Plan, the pillars ‘accountability’, ‘ownership’, ‘partnership’ and who are entrusted to draft, review and finalize. The Mission’s ‘sustainability’ as the main strategic goals to enhance the co- representative, as a WG member, presented the Mission’s 2018 operation between police and local communities. In December, Report on the MoIA’s Continued Professional Development, the Minister of Internal Affairs approved both documents. its recommendations and findings. WG members further

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On 12 April, the Mission organized a public promotional blended learning approaches as used by the Spanish National event of e-learning tools for police officers at the MoIA’s Police, and to be further familiarized with the functioning TC. During the event, both the Minister of Internal Affairs of their Learning Management Systems (LMS). In Madrid, and Head of Mission promoted their joint achievements participants held meetings and presentations with the Head in relation to e-learning in the past few years. They of the Training Division and Head of the International Co- further highlighted the latest developments of two mobile operation Sector, exchanging also experiences on e-course applications, an e-course and digital guidebook for the development and LMS administration processes with upcoming presidential elections, which were developed representatives of the Training Division. Participants later with Mission’s support. The applications will provide a visited the National Police School in Avila and became faster, more flexible and cost-effective training tool on familiarized with the functioning of the School and the police officers’ roles and responsibilities during an electoral provision of academic studies for police officers. They also process. met with the International Training Co-ordinator and NPS LMS Administrator to discuss the use of the school’s On 16 and 17 April, in co-operation with MoIA and Public Moodle platform and methodology for blended learning. Prosecutor’s Office (PPO), the Mission organized a ‘kick- off ’ session of the interagency WG involving the police On 10 December, the Minister of Internal Affairs and Head and PPO in Veles. The WG was tasked with reviewing the of Mission held a press conference in Skopje where they old Protocol and drafting a new Protocol for co-operation presented three strategies – the 2020 to 2022 HRM Strategy, between both institutions in line with current legislative 2020 to 2022 TC Development Strategy and 2020 to 2022 CEC changes and international best practice. The new Protocol Strategy - underlining that the ongoing reform processes will will specify the framework of co-operation between the be supported by these strategies. institutions during the criminal justice process. During the event, two international and one national expert facilitated On 11 December, the Mission hosted an evaluation workshop the process and presented best practice on the subject. in Skopje on the Protocol between the police and PPO, bringing together 30 law enforcement practitioners from From 7 to 10 October, the Mission organized a study visit the Criminal Police, PPO and members of the WG. The aim for four representatives of the MoIA TC to the Bulgarian was to evaluate the draft version of the Protocol and the six Academy of the MoI in Sofia. The aim was to initiate co- months’ work of the WG. At the conclusion of the workshop, operation between both institutions in police training that the WG accepted all recommendations from the evaluation would lead to the signing of a co-operation agreement. session and agreed to finalize the Protocol in the first half of The participants were familiarized with the structure and 2020, incorporating all relevant amendments. programmes of the Academy, visited their laboratories, training rooms, polygon and sports facilities and also On 20 December, with the aim of determining the degree assisted to the practical learning application processes. of implementation of police reforms undertaken in the They later visited the Police Training Centre in Pazardzik, police, and to provide insight into the process of application conducting meetings with the Director and Deputy Director of democratic policing principles, the Mission organized of the Centre where they exchanged experiences on the a public presentation in Skopje on the results and findings challenges faced in the implementation of basic police of the “2019 Survey on Public Perception of Democratic training programmes. Policing”, delivered by an OSCE commissioned research agency and opened by the Minister of Internal Affairs and From 5 to 8 November, developed in co-ordination with Deputy Head of Mission. In total, 60 participants from the the SALW Project Implementation Team, the Mission MoIA, local government, civil society and media attended organized four e-course design training seminars for the the presentation. Interviewing 2,500 citizens and 500 MoIA TC e-course developers at the MoIA Training Centre. police officers nationwide, the survey measured the level of Participants started developing an e-course based on the communication, trust, and co-operation between the police new Standard Operational Procedure on Safe storing and and public. management of armament in the MoIA to familiarize MoIA staff with the basic safety procedures for using and storing Human Resources/Police Management official and personal SALW. From 15 to 19 April, the Mission organized a visit for four senior officials from MoIA’s HR Department to the HRM From 18 to 22 November, the Mission organized a working Department, Internal Control Department, Police Academy visit for five representatives from the TC and IT Sector in the (PA) and IT Department in the Turkish National Police in MoIA to Madrid and Avila. The aim of the visit was to witness Ankara. During the visit, participants received presentations

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on the electronic signature, online recruitment modules, The workshop focused on those national instruments and electronic file transfer, online performance appraisal, that regulate the work of police shift leaders, including e-learning, case management and promotion systems. The communication with prosecutors and detectives, SOPs and visit was also an opportunity for the exchange of experiences instructions on the collection of electronic evidence at crime regarding the advantages, setbacks and future trends in HR scene. The event also dealt with international standards and Information Systems. best practice in victim protection and national capacities regarding victim protection and human rights. From 10 to 21 June, the Mission organized a two-week ToT session on “First Line Management Skills” in Skopje for 16 Anti-Corruption MoIA trainers, who will ‘cascade’ the training to ‘first-line’ On 22 February, in co-operation with the Italian Embassy supervisors. As a result of the training, participants were and with the support of the Italian National Anti-corruption able to enhance their training skills and gain expertise in Authority and Italian Guardia di Finanza, the Mission developing curricula and presentations. organized a senior-level conference in Skopje on “Institutional reforms for the fight against corruption and best practice From 11 to 13 November, the Mission conducted a study visit towards a European model: the Italian example”. The event for members of the WG on HR Strategy to the Serbian MoI’s brought together 100 participants, including senior-level HRM Department in Belgrade. During the visit, participants government officials, law enforcement representatives, civil took part in presentations regarding the automation of HRM society and officials from the EU Delegation. The overall aim software system, whose accuracy and speed facilitates a was to share and promote the Italian anti-corruption model as transparent selection for all potential candidates applying to one of Europe’s most effective examples in terms of combating vacant positions. corruption. Participants also discussed the ongoing reforms, legislation changes and operational challenges. From 12 to 15 November, the Mission organized a management training course in Struga for 14 senior-level From 25 to 27 November, the Mission supported the MoIA officials who acquired knowledge and skills relating to participation of the Assistant Minister of Internal Affairs decision-making processes. At the conclusion of the event, for Internal Investigations and Professional Standards the participants agreed that similar training should continue and the Head of Professional Standards in the Customs in 2020 and proposed different topics for such sessions. Administration (CA) to an event on anti-corruption organized by TNTD/BSMU and Romanian Directorate Human Rights and Police Accountability General for Anti-corruption (DGA) in Bucharest. During On 21 and 22 February, the Mission organized a ‘kick-off ’ the event, the DGA presented several case studies related to workshop in Struga with the MoIA’s WG on the assessment of countering corruption of border officials and tradecraft. The disciplinary procedures where presentations on a disciplinary event was also an opportunity for the delegation to establish matrix and early intervention systems were delivered to 12 closer co-operation with their Romanian counterparts in the WG members. With an aim of introducing international sector. standards and best practices in disciplinary procedures, participants received training on the basic principles of Gender Mainstreaming discipline such as predictability, fairness, consistency and From 18 to 20 March, the Mission began its “Mentoring accountability. Programme for Women in the Police”, with a ToT training course held in Skopje for seven mentors from the 2018 From March to September, the Mission organized ten programme, based on their successful mentorship and on a meetings in Skopje with the WG to assess the level and geographical principle of covering the whole country. During nature of disciplinary procedures in the MoIA. The Mission the course, participants were familiarized with different also conducted a survey on the perception of MoIA staff adult learning processes and took part in a series of exercises regarding issues concerning consistency, the role of politics, for developing their presentation skills. They also practiced and functioning of disciplinary and appeals procedures. In delivering presentations, which were developed during the December, the MoIA approved the survey’s report findings 2018 programme. and recommendations. From 25 to 27 March, the Mission organized basic training From 28 to 30 May, the Mission organized a workshop on gender and mentoring process in Skopje for mentors “Increasing of Operational Capacities of the Police Stations’ that had been selected among women police officers who Shift Leaders” at the MoIA Training Centre, which was had extensive police experience. The training introduced attended by 22 shift leaders from different police stations. participants to the basic gender terminology and concepts,

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mentoring process, the tasks of a mentor as well as the key to acquire best practice through a number of role-play and mentoring skills35. real-life scenario exercises.

From 8 to 17 May, the Mission conducted two basic training On 30 and 31 October, the Mission organized the “Gender seminars in Skopje for 28 women police officers with less Workshop for Police Senior Management” in Ohrid with than five years of police experience. The seminars focused the aim of familiarizing police heads on gender issues and on active listening, defining personal objectives, giving/ to request their support in fostering gender equality in the receiving feedback and basic gender training. During the service and support participants in the gender mentoring workshop, the new trainers also delivered some of the programme. Experts from the UN, TNTD/SPMU and lessons learned. MoIA covered topics related to gender-related bias, the benefits of gender equality for society, gender equality policy On 29 May, the Mission organized a ‘kick-off ’ meeting frameworks, and gender mainstreaming within a police in Skopje for the mentoring process where mentors and environment. The MoIA expert also presented best practice mentees began to work together in pairs. Both the mentors on gender equality and institutional culture, acquired during and mentees used specially prepared toolkits, consisting of a study visit to the Austrian Federal MoI, facilitated by the samples for agreement, protocols of meetings and tasks. Mission earlier in 2019. At the conclusion of the workshop, participants agreed on a set of recommendations for From 1 to 3 July, the Mission organized a study visit for four developing a greater understanding of gender equality in the representatives in the Bureau of Public Safety to the Austrian police. Federal MoI’s Centre of Organizational Culture and Equal Treatment in Vienna. During the visit, the delegation was On 15 November, the Mission organized a closing event familiarized with the Austrian national police structure, in Skopje for the “Mentoring Programme for Women in gender-disaggregated data, responsibilities, focus areas Police”. During the event, 60 mentors and mentees shared and the plan for promoting women. The delegation visited their experiences during the process and presented a set the TNTD/SPMU where they learned about the ongoing of recommendations. All participants agreed that the Gender-based violence project as well as other project ideas Programme was important in terms of empowering women, for supporting the participation of women in the police by developing their knowledge, experiences and skills. service. Community Policing, Police-Public From 29 to 31 July, the Mission organized an advanced Relations and Crime Prevention workshop in Veles for mentors on defining mentoring On 3 and 4 April, with the aim of exploring opportunities aims and reading non-verbal communication. Facilitated for strengthening co-operation between the police and by two external consultants commissioned by the Mission, local multi-ethnic communities in crime prevention, the participants discussed ways to increase self-confidence and Mission organized a workshop in Struga on “Strengthening to use tactics to ensure successful time management when co-operation between the Police and representatives of civil leading the mentoring process. A focus group of mentors society and local self-government institutions”, targeting also brainstormed on possible measures to further motivate several municipalities in the City of Skopje. The event women from different ethnic backgrounds to apply to join brought together 30 representatives from the police and the police. Local Crime Preventive Councils, CSOs, community policing practitioners, national experts as well as representatives from From 19 to 20 September, 2 to 4 October and 16 to 18 October, the region. During the workshop, participants discussed the Mission organized three workshops in Struga on effective the issues and challenges in providing community safety policing in multicultural societies for 72 police officers by introducing community policing principles into police working in ethnically mixed communities in the Sectors for work and by discussing the involvement of self-government Internal Affairs (SIA) in Skopje, Tetovo, Kumanovo, Veles, institutions and other stakeholders. Stip, Ohrid and Strumica. During the event, the Mission presented a variety of techniques for overcoming biases and From 14 to 17 May, the Mission conducted a training judgements police face in their work, as well as strengthening seminar in Ohrid on “Community Policing in multicultural public trust through more effective communications. The communities - Effective Communication and Community workshops also provided participants with the opportunity Engagement and Bike Patrolling Techniques”. A bike instructor trained seven Bike Unit police officers from SIA Ohrid on strengthening police-community relations while 35 Such as building trust, active listening, asking questions, setting objectives, and providing feedback and steps during the mentoring process. on bike patrols. The training also included training on bike

94  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

riding techniques as well as dealing with police actions such as apprehension, checking IDs, use of means of coercion, stopping vehicles and using firearms. The Mission donated three bikes and uniforms to the unit. The Bike Unit in Ohrid was established in 2013 with Mission support and continues to contribute to the faster movement of police in touristic areas, reinforcing theirs visible police presence and accessibility.

On 5 and 6 June, to enhance the level of partnership on crime prevention in multi-ethnic communities, the Mission organized a workshop in Skopje “Strengthening co- operation between the Police and representatives of civil society and local self-government institutions”. Facilitated by international experts, the workshop was aimed at 25 officials The closing event of the ‘Mentoring Programme for Women from the police, CSOs and Local Prevention Councils from in Police’: a group of mentees evaluating the programme and Gazi-Baba, Chair and Shuto Orizari municipalities. During providing recommendations, Skopje, 15 November 2019. the training, participants addressed specific local security (Mission to Skopje) problems and developed a joint plan on problem resolution.

From 10 to 12 July, the Mission organized a joint workshop Hate Crime in Berovo for Heads of the MoIA’s Prevention Units On 27 February, building upon its Hate Speech project in and WG members tasked with drafting the Strategy on 2018, in co-operation with the Police and Tetovo municipality, Communication and Community Engagement. During the the Mission organized a painting exhibition in Tetovo. workshop, the Mission presented police best practice in In addition, first-year high-school students from Tetovo serving the community, while the General Secretary of the attended lectures on understanding and preventing hate Chamber of Private Security presented opportunities for speech while also participating in a painting competition. public-private partnership in crime prevention. WG members Out of the 20 pieces of art presented during the event, ten also conducted focus group discussions to verify strategic students received prizes by the Mission. priorities in the newly drafted strategy. Recommendations from prevention inspectors were taken into full consideration Public Order and Crisis Management during the workshop given that they are one of the key groups From 16 to 21 September, the Mission organized two who will contribute to implementing the strategy over the workshops in Struga and Veles on critical incident/crisis next three years. management, covering half of the SIAs, for all police station commanders from the respective SIAs, as well as Gender-Based Violence representatives of the Crisis Management Centre, Directorate From 10 June to 27 September, with the aim of improving for Protection and Rescue, as well as fire and ambulance the quality of police reactions to cases of domestic violence services. During both workshops, UK experts outlined the and gender-based violence and to strengthen the capacities operational approach of the UK emergency services during of mid-level management officers in assessing the case and to critical incidents/crisis situations, the service developments decide about appropriate coercive measures, in co-operation over the past 20 years, and use of the ‘gold’, ‘silver’ and ‘bronze’ with MoIA, the Mission conducted four workshops in Ohrid command system to co-ordinate incidents. As a result of on “Enhancing Police Gender Sensitivity in cases of Domestic the workshops, participants were better able to identify Violence and Gender Based Violence”. In total, 87 officials the gaps and weaknesses in co-ordination, co-operation (including police officers from Sectors of Interior Bitola, and communication between the local crisis management Ohrid, Strumica and Veles together with representatives institutions. of Centres for Social Work) participated in the workshops. This was the first time that police officers and social welfare specialists had jointly received training on DV, allowing them to exchange experiences and to discuss how to improve levels of inter-institutional co-operation. The Law for the protection of victims of DV and risk assessment in DV/GBV cases was also presented during the workshops as were the obligations of the police in the prevention and combating of DV and GBV.

95  4.6 Mission to Skopje

Activities Related to Threats Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT From 1 July to 12 December, the Mission facilitated three Posed by Criminal Activity workshops in Skopje and Kumanovo on drafting the Local Action Plans on P/C VERLT for 105 LPCs members Criminal Investigation and Analysis (including representatives from municipal administration, On 7 and 8 November, in co-operation with TNTD/SPMU, local institutions, youth organizations, CSOs, religious the Mission organized regional training workshop in Skopje communities, and women organizations) from the Gazi Baba, on “Criminal Intelligence Databases and IT Structures Butel and Kumanovo Municipalities. Recommendations Supporting Intelligence-Led Policing” for 70 law enforcement stemming from the workshop discussions will be inserted officials from Albania, BiH, Kosovo, Montenegro and in the respective local action plans to be adopted by each Serbia. During the event, experts from Austria, Europol, municipal council during 2020. Estonia and Israel delivered presentations on the structure of national criminal intelligence databases and IT systems. From 7 to 11 October, the Mission organized a study visit The participants also shared experiences in utilizing national to Paris for five members of the National Committee on intelligence databases in access, input, analysis and output Countering Violent Extremism and Counterterrorism during the strategic and operational tasks in ILP. on referral mechanisms and rehabilitation programmes. During the visit, a series of meetings were organized to Financial Investigations, Anti-Money assist participants in gaining a better understanding of the Laundering and Seizures of Criminal French referral mechanisms and rehabilitation-reintegration Proceeds programmes. During the visit, participants had the From 26 to 28 March, the Mission supported a study visit opportunity to be familiarized with local and national referral for five MoIA officials to the Hungarian MoI in Budapest. mechanisms and the level of inter-agency co-operation. The event was organized to facilitate and accelerate the establishment of the FIU within the MoIA, according to Trafficking in Human Beings & the national strategy for strengthening the capacity for Migration-related Crime conducting financial investigations and assets confiscation. From 2 to 4 April, the Mission conducted a training seminar in During the visit, participants gained valuable insights from Skopje on “Techniques and Methods for Interviewing Minors the Hungarian authorities, which they were able to use in and Victims of Sexual Exploitation” to introduce best practice establishing the new FIU. and the appropriate models for approaching and obtaining information from minors, while respecting their rights From 8 to 10 April, within the context of expanded capacities and well-being. During the seminar, two experts from EU and structure of Financial Police Office (FPO) and with a countries guided participants from the National Task Force view of signing a co-operation agreement between the FPO for combating Smuggling of Migrants and Human trafficking, and Guardia di Finanza, the Mission supported a visit of FPO public prosecutors and social workers on the techniques used three officials to Guardia di Finanza HQ in Rome. During in combating THB and prevention of victimization of minors. the visit, the participants met with the Guardia di Finanza’s The Mission also delivered a comprehensive presentation Commanding General and visited five institutions of Guardia about the seven steps of the ‘PEGASUS model’ applied when di Finanza, which are involved in combating corruption, interviewing juvenile victims. money laundering, and conducting financial investigations. On 26 September, in co-operation with the MoIA and From 28 to 30 October, in support of the implementation the Mirage Task Force of the Southeast European Law of the national Strategy to Strengthen the Capacity for Enforcement Centre, the Mission organized a meeting in Conducting Financial Investigations and Assets Confiscation, Ohrid on Countering THB and Illegal Migration. In total, in co-operation with the Hungarian Embassy, the Mission 50 representatives from Albania, BiH, Bulgaria, Greece, organized a workshop in Skopje on “Financial Investigation, Hungary, Moldova, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Anti-Corruption and Assets Recovery”. In total, 32 Turkey highlighted that THB was a global threat that required representatives from FPO, PPO, CA, Agency for Management a comprehensive regional and international approach, of Seized and Confiscated Property and newly established FIU emphasising also case studies of effective regional responses participated in the workshop. During the workshop, three in addressing cross-border crime. experts from Hungary shared their experiences in conducting financial investigation and fighting corruption, with a special On 7 and 8 October, in assisting the authorities in developing focus placed on anti-corruption investigations and open and by-laws and regulations in line with the international covert operations. conventions and respect for human rights, the Mission

96  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

organized a workshop in Skopje on “Restricting asylum counterparts on border and migration management, with a seekers freedom of movement” to present the legal framework focus on international protection and asylum procedures. and judicial rulings concerning cases with imposed restriction The emphasis was placed on obtaining information on of movement measures for asylum seekers in EU countries. the procedures and learning more about the challenges in In total, 35 representatives from the MoIA’s Department implementing of the principles of restriction of movement for of Border Affairs and Migration and the Sector for Asylum asylum seekers. The Spanish authorities presented relevant obtained information and discussed issues deriving from information about the regulations and legal provisions, the Law on International and Temporary Protection, which explaining the nature of border security and increased influx regulates the issue of restriction of movement. of asylum seekers. They further explained the challenges they faced relating to irregular migration, THB and asylum. The From 14 to 18 October, with the aim of developing techniques visit was also seen as an opportunity for the MoIA officials to to interview minors and victims of THB, the Mission organized establish co-operation with the Spanish authorities in border a follow-up training seminar in Skopje on strengthening the security and asylum. operational capacities of the local authorities in combating THB and smuggling of migrants. In total, 30 inspectors of the Cybercrime National Task Force for combating smuggling of migrants and On 21 November, in co-operation with the Ministries of THB, social workers and representatives from civil society Information Society and Administration, Education and participated in the seminar. The course included practical Science and Foundation Metamorphosis, the Mission sessions and role-play exercises, enabling participants to organized a training seminar in Skopje on cyber security for learn about more effective approaches to investigation, 100 students, teachers and parents from elementary schools. interviewing and processing cases related to THB. The aim was to raise the awareness of students in terms of protecting themselves online, being aware of online threats From 21 to 25 October, the Mission organized a working and security measures in cyberspace and to inform the police visit to Madrid for four senior MoIA officials from the on potential cyber threats. Delivered by the Foundation MoIA’s Department of Border Affairs and Migration and Metamorphosis, the training covered the topics of cyber Sector for Asylum of the MoIA. During the visit, the security, global trends, raising awareness of cyberspace participants exchanged experiences with their Spanish threats and online security.

Mission to Skopje – Police-Related Activities in 2019

13 Analysis of Lessons 38 Learned, Assessments Total Training and Guidelines 98 47 Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 77%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 23%

97  4.6 Mission to Skopje

Border Security and Management / From 7 November to 10 December, the Mission organized Customs awareness campaigns in all eight regional Sectors for Interior On 1 and 2 April, in co-operation with the National Co- on the role of PCCCs for 200 senior and lower-ranking ordination Centre for Border Management, the Mission officers. These events aimed at encouraging police officers in organized a workshop in Skopje on “Enhancing intelligence the MoIA’s Bureau for Public Security to use the PCCCs as a capacities of the National Co-ordination Centre for IBM and resource aid in their work. PCCCs are designed to make more Regional counterparts” for 45 representatives from the Border efficient use of time and resources when addressing cross- Police, CA, other IBM national co-ordination centres as well border crimes, such as traffic offences and minor criminal as from Albania, BiH, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo and Romania. investigations. During the workshop, participants discussed issues related to inter-agency rivalry and successful co-operation, differing Other national legislations in relation to carrying illegal immigrants In April, the MoIA approved SOPs for the safe storage and in road freight, integrity and drug testing, covert investigation handover of the armament within the MoIA, developed under techniques in relation to corruption of officials, and solutions the Mission project “Reduction of the Risk for Proliferation to aid heavy goods vehicle drivers and vehicle security. At the of Weapons and Ammunition in the Republic of North conclusion of the workshop, participants agreed on the need Macedonia”, funded by the EU and German Government. to adopt a regional approach to joint risk analysis in regard to border security, to establish an anti-corruption hotline at From May to June, following the enforcement of SOPs, in co- BCPs, and to apply integrity testing of border control officials operation with the MoIA, the Mission developed a training including vetting of officials, especially of those dealing with curriculum and training modules for MoIA staff to assist sensitive material. Participants also agreed to submit these them in the implementation of new security regulations. The recommendations to their respective domestic agencies for materials included a manual for delivering staff training on approval. implementing the regulations as well as including supporting documents for delivering training (such as action plan), On 21 and 22 May, the Mission organized a third regional learning tasks, curriculum and agenda. workshop in Struga on “Police-Customs Co-operation Centres (PCCC) in the SEE region”, focusing on the inter- In November, the Mission organized a ToT on SALW in the agency joint staffing of PCCCs and their enhanced co- MoIA training centre in Idrizovo for 59 police officer trainers. operation in countering cross-border criminality. A total During the same month, the jointly developed training of 26 representatives from the Border Police, CA and curriculum was incorporated into the MoIA’s basic and representatives from Albania, BiH, Bulgaria, Greece and continuous national training curricula. The incorporation Kosovo participated in the workshop. The event provided an of the curriculum ensured institutionalization and was an effective platform for the exchange of best practice as well as example of the project’s sustainability. opportunity to discuss future activities in the region. Experts from the Mission, Secretariat, Frontex, German Federal Police and French Customs delivered presentations during the workshop.

From 14 to 16 October, in co-operation with the Regional Centre for Border Affairs West and Customs House in Bitola, the Mission organized an exercise in and around BCP Kjafasan and the adjacent ‘green border’. The exercise consisted of a role-play simulation to test inter-agency co- operation protocols of the Border Police and CA, using modified real-life examples of people smuggling, drugs and cultural artefact trafficking as well as stolen vehicles. The exercise was observed by senior customs and police managers and, in the final plenary session, discussed best practice and solutions. The exercise demonstrated the level of inter-agency co-operation at the BCP, with support from the Police Station for Border Surveillance Frangovo and Customs Mobile Team, supplemented also by a drug detection dog.

98 4.6 Mission to Skopje

East e rn Europ e

4.7 Mission to Moldova

Introduction The Mission to Moldova (the Mission) continued its capacity-building activities on both banks of the Dniester/Nistru River, with offices on either side of the Administrative Boundary Line in Chisinau, Tiraspol and Bender.

Activities Related to in Chisinau to identify practical ways of improving the legal and General Police Development institutional mechanisms aimed at rehabilitating and granting state compensation to victims of crimes, including to victims of and Reform THB and domestic violence. In total, 35 participants included judges, prosecutors, lawyers, police officers, representatives Human Rights and Police Accountability from various ministries and parliamentary Committee on From 9 to 11 October, the Mission organized a training seminar Human Rights and Inter-Ethnic Relations.

BUDGET (UB)*: N/A**

2019 2018 TOTAL TOTAL 2,302,700 EUR 2,263,900 EUR 84%

STAFF* N/A 2019 2018 TOTAL TOTAL 52 Total 52 Total 39 Local 39 Local Total 13 International 52 13 International Total 52

(

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Mission to Moldova. ** The OSCE Mission to Moldova does not have a separate Department on Police-Related Activities.

99  4.7 Mission to Moldova

80 participants acquired new skills in the investigation and representation of clients during hate crime cases.

Activities Related to Threats Posed by Criminal Activity Trafficking in Human Beings & Migration-related Crime Throughout 2019, in co-operation with the CSO Women’s Initiatives from Tiraspol, the Mission organized 12 one-day workshops in all regions of the Republic of Moldova on the prevention of abuse and exploitation for 190 specialists, Portuguese experts and the National Institute of Justice students and citizens from the left bank. During the officials during the Workshop on compensation and workshops, participants learned more about the risks of rehabilitation of victims of crimes, Chisinau, October 2019. illegal migration, exploitation and THB. As trafficking for (OSCE) the purpose of labour exploitation has increased in recent years within the country, the Mission organized a seminar for 25 labour inspectors to ensure that a proper referral and From 29 October to 2 November, the Mission organized assistance systems was in place for trafficked victims in line a study visit to Sweden for CSO representatives from with national and international standards. both banks of the Dniester/Nistru River, including the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia. The aim was to A total of 114 prosecutors and judges also learned how to learn more about efficient mechanisms to support victims better investigate and prosecute cyber-crimes and online of exploitation and abuse, including victims of domestic trafficking and exploitation of children during a series of violence. During the visit, CSOs on the left-bank gained specialized training events held in Chisinau organized by exposure to a leading European system of social welfare the Mission in co-operation with the National Institute of operating with a ‘victim-centred’ approach. The visit also Justice. In total, 77 local professionals from three districts helped to consolidate institutional ties created between neighbouring the Dniester/Nistru River enhanced their skills service providers from both banks. As a result of the visit, on handling cases of domestic violence and abuse. Fostering additional regional exchange initiatives are planned in social partnerships between the two banks was accomplished protection for victims of abuse between experts from both through a successful exchange of experiences between banks in 2020. service providers working to support vulnerable women and children. Hate Crime During 2019, the Mission continued building on its On 29 November, in partnership with the Ministry of Health, previous efforts to help strengthen the capacity of justice Labour and Social Protection and State Labour Inspectorate, actors to effectively address hate crimes. In co-operation the Mission organized a workshop in Chisinau for 25 labour with the Moldovan Union of Lawyer’s Training Centre for inspectors on identifying cases of human trafficking for Lawyers and Joint Law Enforcement Training Centre, the labour exploitation. Experts from the Chisinau Shelter for Mission organized two workshops for 37 police officers in Victims of THB, Centre for Combating Trafficking in Persons, Comrat (Autonomous Unit of Gagauzia) and Soroca, and and GPO shared their knowledge through a variety of case a two training events for 40 lawyers in Cahul and Balti. studies and simulation exercises aimed at strengthening the Both events were conducted in Romanian (in Balti, Cahul practical skills of participants as well as integrating a gender and Soroca) and Russian (in Comrat, ATU Gagauzia) perspective on those practical tools tackling THB. languages.

From 23 to 30 September, the Mission organized four training events in Soroca, Comrat, Balti and Cahul on the investigation of bias-motivated offences for police officers and lawyers in Northern and Southern Moldova. In total,

100  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS EASTERN EUROPE

Mission to Moldova – Police-Related Activities in 2019

11 Training Total Information 27 Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 16

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 22%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 78%

101  East e rn Europ e

4.8 Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine

Introduction In 2019, the OSCE Project Co-ordinator (PCU) in Ukraine continued to assist police authorities in two major categories: general police development and reform, mostly within sub-categories in police development, SSR reform and combatting domestic violence; and countering threats posed by criminal activity, including combating THB and cybercrime. The PCU also supported the capacity-building of border guards in automatic risk profiling exercises to identify terrorism threats, cases of THB and smuggling of weapons, ammunition, and explosives.

BUDGET (UB)*: N/A**

2019 2018 TOTAL TOTAL 3,618,500 EUR 3,598,800 EUR 84%

STAFF* N/A 2019 2018 TOTAL TOTAL 52 Total 50 Total 49 Local 47 Local Total 3 International 50 3 International Total 52

(

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine. ** The PCU doesn’t have a separate Department on Police-Related Activities. Police-related activities are implemented mostly by the Human Security Programme with contributions from other programmes.

102  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS EASTERN EUROPE

Activities Related to General Police Development and Reform Police Development and Reform In May, the PCU supported an exchange visit of officials from the State Bureau of Investigations (SBI) to the Netherlands, where they met with officials from Europol, Eurojust and International Criminal Court.

On 12 and 13 September, in partnership with the SSU, the PCU conducted the Third National Conference in the Yaremche, Ivano-Frankivsk region, on the legislative agenda of critical infrastructure protection, where stakeholders A hotline dispatcher reacts to domestic violence incident. shared opinions on a draft law On the critical infrastructure (Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine) and its protection. Recommendations from the conference were submitted to the SSS and relevant parliamentary committees for consideration. On 13 December, the PCU organized a National legal forum on “Access to justice in context of decentralization On 19 and 20 September, the PCU supported the fifth annual reform”, in Sieverodonetsk (Luhansk). During the forum, “Lviv Criminal Justice Forum”, which gathered 100 legal legal practitioners and experts discussed the impact of the professionals who explored the challenges of reforming the decentralization process on public order, combating crime at criminal justice system, including the introduction of the the local level, and criminal justice improvements from a law misdemeanours, digital challenges in criminal proceedings, enforcement viewpoint. The Forum was broadcasted online, launch of High Anti-corruption Court and adjustment of and its recommendations were also submitted to the relevant the judiciary setup. The recommendations stemming from policy-making stakeholders for consideration. the conference were delivered to the Parliament and other relevant national stakeholders for review. On 18 December, in co-operation with the SSS and Constitutional Court, the PCU organized a conference in the On 15 November, during the Third Kyiv Polilogue on PCU premises on the harmonization of national legislation “Modernization of the combating crime system”, the PCU with the ICC Rome Statute. provided a platform for discussing ongoing criminal justice reform issues, gathering criminal investigators, prosecutors, Human Rights and Police Accountability judges as well as leading academics, attorneys and technical From 27 to 31 May, focusing on the modalities of co- experts. operation between security providers and civil society, media and international organizations, in co-operation with On 26 September, the PCU supported the “3rd Kharkiv the International Committee of the Red Cross, the PCU International Legal Forum”, contributing to the sharing of organized a cross-border seminar between Lviv and Zagreb. experience within the OSCE area while participating in a The participants were 29 officers from the SSS responsible for discussion on the current challenges faced in transnational co-ordination and communication, and their counterparts in crime and security. the police, prosecutor’s office, and border guard service.

In November and December, the PCU organized training Gender Mainstreaming seminars for staff of the recently established SBI in Lviv On 6 December, the PCU supported the MoI in conducting a and Odessa. The aim was to build the capacity of SBI staff second national forum focused on promoting gender equality in investigating corruption related crime, torture, and ill- and empowering women in the law enforcement sector. The treatment. To support their organizational capacity-building, forum agreed a set of recommendations, which were sent to the PCU organized a lessons learned/strategizing session for the MoI. both management and staff. It also facilitated an exchange visit for the SBI to Lithuania with the aim of providing valuable insights gained from meetings held with their Lithuanian counterparts.

103  4.8 Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine

Gender-Based Violence established and renovated two training rooms on responding During 2019, the PCU assisted the capacity-building of police to domestic violence at the Odessa and Lviv Universities of officers by delivering ten training workshops across the Interior. Both facilities will be used for scenario-based training territory to 240 emergency call operators on how to respond exercises to improve the skills of future police officers. to calls from domestic violence victims. The PCU also

Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine – Police-Related Activities in 2019

2

Total Information Analysis of Lessons Training 13 34 Exchange / Institution Learned, Assessments 19 and Capacity-Building and Guidelines

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 68%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 32%

104  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS EASTERN EUROPE Ce ntral A sia

4.9 Centre in Ashgabat

Introduction The OSCE Centre in Ashgabat (the Centre) was established in 1999. In accordance with the MoU between the Centre and the Government of Turkmenistan, the Centre assists the host country in implementing the OSCE principles and commitments, promoting the host country’s co-operation with the OSCE across all spheres. A part of the Centre’s police-related activities focuses on building the capacities of law enforcement agencies in countering terrorism, illicit drugs trafficking, enhancing border security and management and cyber/ICT security. The Centre complements these activities with projects aimed at CTHB, prevention of domestic violence, and assistance to the penitentiary and criminal justice systems.

BUDGET (UB)*

2019 2018 TOTAL TOTAL 1,661,200 EUR 1,655,400 EUR 16% 84% 16% CONFLICT PREVENTION CONFLICT PREVENTION AND CONFIDENCE- AND AND CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING SECURITY-BUILDING 267,600 EUR 261,300 EUR

STAFF* 2019 2018 TOTAL CONFLICT PREVENTION TOTAL CONFLICT PREVENTION AND CONFIDENCE- AND AND CONFIDENCE- AND SECURITY-BUILDING SECURITY-BUILDING 23% 8 Total Total 7 Total 25% 7 Local 30 6 Local Total 1 International 1 International 32

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Centre in Ashgabat.

105  4.9 Centre in Ashgabat

In 2019, the Centre enhanced its co-operation with all law enforcement agencies of Turkmenistan. In total, 22 police-related activities were organized or supported by the Centre. These activities included facilitating the participation of Turkmenistan officials in two OSCE senior-level conferences related to countering terrorism and its financing and organized crime, three events on CTHB, two events on preventing domestic violence, and two events on developing an API system in Turkmenistan. Across all of its activities, the Centre continued to promote the principle of gender mainstreaming.

standards”, the Centre organized a training workshop in Activities Related to Ashgabat entitled “International human rights standards during criminal proceedings and investigations” for 39 police General Police Development cadets from the MIA Institute and Law Faculty students of

and Reform the MFA’s Institute of International Relations. During the seminar, participants were introduced to the requirements to be adhered to during pre-trial stages under the UN Charter Police Development and Reform and Treaty Bodies (CEDAW Committee) as well as national From 14 to 19 October, the Centre organized three lectures legislation. in Ashgabat on codes of conduct and ethical standards in law enforcement for over 250 police cadets attending the Institute Anti-Corruption of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA), law students from On 21 and 22 October, as part of the project on “Strengthening the Institute of International Relations and the Turkmen State Adherence to Good Governance Principles”, in co-operation University, and cadets of Border and Military Institutes. An with the OCEEA, the Centre organized a seminar on expert from Latvia delivered the lectures, which were aimed institutional and legislative measures in combating corruption at increasing the knowledge of participants on international in Ashgabat. The event brought together 30 representatives standards of ethics in law enforcement and presenting from various government ministries and state bodies, examples based on the work of international organizations, including the MIA, the Ministry of Finance and Economy such us the UN, CoE, and Organization for Economic Co- (MoFE), Ministry of National Security (MNS), MoJ, Central operation and Development (OECD) in the field of good Bank, and GPO. During the seminar, two experts from Latvia governance. During the lectures, participants considered a and Lithuania elaborated on international standards and best variety of issues, including the importance of transparency practice in the development of anti-corruption legislation, in state institutions and the application of effective codes of as well as international and inter-agency co-operation in conduct, conflicts of interest and potential problems arising this area. They also addressed tools and mechanisms for from them, anti-corruption measures, and best practice the retrieval of embezzled funds and compensation, as well within state institutions. as best practice in the prevention of corruption in state procurement. An MIA representative also presented an Human Rights and Police Accountability overview of Turkmenistan’s anti-corruption system. On 12 and 13 November, the Centre organized a seminar in Ashgabat aimed at fostering co-operation on the Gender-based Violence promotion and protection of human rights in Turkmenistan. From 23 to 25 October, within the framework of the project In all, 30 representatives from government ministries, on “Raising Awareness about Domestic Violence and Ombudsperson’s Office, MIA, Mejlis [parliament], Supreme Assistance to Victims of Domestic Violence”, the Centre’s Court, MoJ and MoEd, Bar Association, and GPO attended implementing partner CSO Keyik Okara organized the the seminar. During the seminar, ODIHR experts shared the final seminar in Ashgabat in a series aimed at high school experiences of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) students and other interested stakeholders, designed to from the OSCE region, offering a comparative perspective on raise awareness of domestic violence, its prevention, as their work, especially in terms of reaching out to different well as referral mechanisms available to potential victims. stakeholders. The seminar also drew on international During the seminar, participants learned about the hotline standards in NHRIs and best practice from the OSCE region. on domestic violence operated by the CSO, through which citizens can receive information about domestic violence, From 3 to 5 December, as part of the project “Strengthening as well as services available to assist victims. The Centre co-operation in the field of international human rights will continue participating in discussions related to the

106  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS central ASIA

prevention and combatting of domestic violence and will help develop legislation on domestic violence in the partnership with national technical WG.

Throughout 2019, CSO Keyik Okara also supported the Centre for Victims of Domestic Violence, which provided victims with temporary accommodation, meals and basic social assistance. The Centre provided financial support to the telephone hotline and free legal and psychological consultations to domestic violence victims. During the year, the CSO organized three seminars designed to raise awareness of high school students, youth and vulnerable groups, on issues relating to the early recognition of domestic violence, referral mechanisms and prevention, as well as mitigation of causes leading to domestic violence. International experts and trainees during a practical exercise at the Ashgabat international airport in an OSCE-organized training on aviation checkpoint screening Activities Related to Threats procedures and X-Ray images interpretation, Ashgabat, 2019.

Posed by Criminal Activity (Centre in Ashgabat/Guncha Nepesova)

Organized Crime Association of Prosecutors. The meeting brought together On 16 and 17 May, the Centre facilitated the participation law enforcement officials and prosecutors from Central Asia of the Deputy Foreign Minister at a high-level conference and presented the Practical Guide for Requesting Electronic on “International and regional co-operation on countering Evidence across the Borders. During the meeting, FOs terrorism and its financing through illicit drug trafficking explored ways of developing national and joint activities in and organized crime”, co-organized by the Government of building the capacities of the law enforcement agencies in Tajikistan, OSCE, UN and EU in Dushanbe. The Deputy placing requests to service providers for the preservation and Foreign Minister contributed by addressing the conference emergency and voluntary disclosure of electronic evidence in with opening remarks. cases involving terrorist and organized crime.

Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors On 16 and 17 December, the Centre facilitated the On 3 and 4 June, the Centre supported the participation participation of two officials from the MoNS and MIA in the of two officials from the MIA in the 2019 OSCE-wide OSCE-wide expert seminar on “Promoting Resilience of ‘Soft’ Conference on “Combating the Threat of Illicit Drugs and the Targets against Terrorist Attacks through Public-Private Diversion of Chemical Precursors”, convened by the Slovak Partnerships”, organized by TNTD/ATU in Vienna. The event 2019 OSCE Chairmanship in Vienna. A representative from was organized in support of the OSCE’s efforts to advance Turkmenistan contributed to the conference by delivering a the implementation of UN Security Council Resolutions presentation during one of the sessions. 2396 and 2341 (2017) and aimed at raising awareness on the threat of terrorist attacks on ‘soft’ targets and defining ways From 4 to 15 November, within the framework of its project on in which OSCE can support participating States in increasing “Exchange of experience in the field of illegal drug trafficking resilience against this phenomena. control”, in co-operation with the Russian Embassy, the Centre supported the participation of one customs and two On 17 and 18 December, the Centre participated in a police officials in a training course on fighting illegal drugs regional workshop for criminal justice practitioners in at the Russian MIA’s Siberian Law Institute in Krasnoyarsk. Central Asia on “Obtaining Electronic Evidence from Private The programme aimed at building the capacities of Communications Service Providers in Counter-Terrorism investigators and operational officers in countering illegal and related Organized Crime Cross-Border Investigations”, drugs and covered legal issues, investigation techniques and organized by TNTD/ATU in Vienna, in partnership with methodologies, as well as the integrity of drug enforcement the UN Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee officers. Executive Directorate (UNCTED), UNODC and International

107  4.9 Centre in Ashgabat

Trafficking in Human Beings & Border Security and Management / Migration-related Crime Customs On 27 February, the Centre participated in the “Meeting From 1 to 5 July, the Centre hosted a practical training of the Technical Working Group on Combating Human course on profiling and risk assessment for law enforcement Trafficking in Turkmenistan”. Representatives of the Supreme and border control officers at aviation checkpoints. In total, Court, MIA, GPO, SMS, MoJ, Mejlis, OI, international 25 operational-level officers from the MoNS, MIA, State organizations and diplomatic corps attended the event. The Border Service (SBS), State Customs Service (SCS), SMS, main purpose was to co-ordinate international assistance and Aviation Security Service of Turkmenistan Airlines programmes on CTHB with participants exchanging reports participated in the course. Led by a team of Kazakhstan and information on activities implemented in 2018 and plans experts, the course focused on psychological and behavioural for 2019. analysis techniques and risk indicators, and included theoretical and practical classes on topics such as speech On 8 and 9 April, the Centre facilitated the participation analysis, face control, physiological markers of stress, as well of two representatives from the SMS and MIA in the 19th as operational psycho-diagnostics and factors complicating or Alliance against Trafficking in Persons conference entitled affecting profiling. In addition, the course addressed profiling “Using Technology to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings: history, relevant risk analysis and management as well as how Turning a Liability into an Asset” in Vienna. During the event, to develop a risk profile and survey methodologies. participants increased their understanding on the misuse of technology in facilitating trafficking and how technology can From 19 to 30 August, the Centre organized a two-week be developed, harmonized and deployed to help combat all training course in Ashgabat on the interpretation of x-ray forms of trafficking. images for 20 customs and transport police officers working at aviation checkpoints. The course focused on providing a On 17 and 18 April, in co-operation with the MFA, MoFE, comprehensive overview of aviation security procedures and TNTD, OCEEA and FOs in Central Asia, the Centre x-ray image interpretation techniques. The course addressed organised the 2019 OSCE “High-Level Regional Conference checkpoint operator selection, radiation safety, recognition on Countering Terrorist Financing and Organized Crime” of explosive devices, firearms, exotic and improvised in Ashgabat. The event brought together over 200 senior weapons as well as prohibited items, such as liquids and representatives and experts from the government ministries, powders. During the course, participants discussed the FIUs, judicial authorities, banking and communications process of hold baggage screening, alternative technology sectors, participating States, Partners for Co-operation and search methodologies that can be used to complement (specifically from Mongolia, Afghanistan), Secretariat and the x-ray screening process. Delivered by a UK expert, the international organizations. The aim of the meeting was to course included an instructor training component, which foster greater regional co-operation among Central Asian covered course and lesson planning, teaching theory and States in addressing this serious challenge to security and methodologies, presentation skills and examinations design, to explore potential links with organized crime. During the highlighting the importance of computer-based training for conference, participants further acquainted themselves with potential instructors. the existing challenges and best practice through discussions on countering terrorist financing and misuse of new internet On 4 and 5 September, in co-operation with TNTD and IOM technologies by organized crime. Office in Turkmenistan, the Centre co-organized a “National Workshop on Establishing an API System in Turkmenistan”. On 23 July, in co-operation with the OSR/CTHB, the Centre The main aim was to provide participants with a organized a roundtable discussion in Ashgabat on developing comprehensive understanding of the features, functions, effective methods of assisting victims of human trafficking. and benefits of an API System, and practical insights into Facilitated by two senior staff members from the OSR/ introducing a passenger data exchange system. In total, CTHB, the discussions focused on the OSCE’s approach and 20 representatives from the state agencies responsible for principles in relation to combating the THB and practices in passenger processing and aviation/border security (including assisting victims, and included a report from a representative police and intelligence service, SBS, SCS, SMS, airport of the GPO on Turkmenistan’s activities in the prevention security, Mejlis, and MoJ, together with representatives of US and combating of THB. In total, 31 representatives from the Customs and Borders Protection, IATA, UK Border Force, relevant government ministries, Mejlis, GPO, SMS, Supreme Kyrgyzstan and Slovenia) participated in the event. During Court, OI, Institute of State, Law and Democracy, Bar the workshop, participants agreed that an OSCE API/PNR Association, as well as women and youth unions participated expert will share a list of steps that are recommended during in the event. the process of establishing a API/PNR system, continue

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working with international and national organizations and Other practitioners during the process of amending the relevant On 19 April, in co-operation with the OSCE FSC/SS and legislation and to look into establishing an interagency at the request of national authorities, the Centre organized working group. a national roundtable in Ashgabat to address the issue of the SALW/CA stockpile security and surplus destruction. From 31 October to 1 November, as part of the Centre’s A total of 12 officials from the Ministry of Defence (MoD), project on “Supporting the establishment of API System in MIA, and SBS were familiarized with OSCE best practice in Turkmenistan”, the Centre facilitated the participation of two the field of SALW/SCA and discussed modern experiences, officials from the MoNS at the third OSCE-wide “Seminar on opportunities, challenges, and practices of participating Passenger Data Exchange” in Vienna. The aim was to support States and OSCE Secretariat in this sector. On 20 April, the participating States in the implementation of UN Security roundtable was followed by a bilateral meeting between the Council Resolution 2396, which focuses on preventing the MoD and OSCE FSC/SS and representatives from the Centre return of FTFs and mandates all States in terms of collecting where all sides agreed on a way forward in relation to a multi- both API and PNR data. During the seminar, national year activity on conventional arms lifecycle management and representatives discussed positive perspectives for continuing chemical laboratory analysis. such advocacy activities in this field.

Centre in Ashgabat – Police-Related Activities in 2019

5

Total 1 Analysis of Lessons Information 26 Learned, Assessments Exchange / Institution and Guidelines Training and Capacity-Building 20

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 42%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 58%

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4.10 Programme Office in Bishkek

Introduction The OSCE Programme Office in Bishkek (the Office), previously Centre in Bishkek, was established in 1998 to promote the implementation of the OSCE commitments in all three dimensions, to facilitate the exchange of information, establish and maintain contacts with local authorities, universities, research institutions, and CSOs, and encourage the further integration of the Kyrgyz Republic into the OSCE community.

The Office supports the authorities in reforming their law enforcement agencies, with an emphasis on the rule of law, human rights, gender, and multi-ethnic representation across all law enforcement agencies. The Office continues to further these principles through the provision of expert, methodological and technical assistance, and while supporting

BUDGET (UB)*

2019 2018 TOTAL TOTAL 6,957,400 EUR 6,797,400 EUR 84% 9% POLICE MATTERS POLICE MATTERS 5% PROGRAMME PROGRAMME 346,434 EUR 598,197 EUR

STAFF* 2019 2018 TOTAL POLICE MATTERS TOTAL POLICE MATTERS PROGRAMME PROGRAMME 5 Total 5 Total 4% 4 Local Total 4 Local 4% 1 International 120 1 International Total 121

(UB)1

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Programme Office in Bishkek

110  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS central ASIA

a comprehensive multi-agency mechanism to unite and co-ordinate national efforts in countering transnational threats.

The Police Matters Programme, which was previously independent from all three dimensions, was incorporated into the Politico-Military Dimension in 2015. This restructuring reflected a transition from only addressing police reform to a more holistic approach in regard to security sector governance.

Head of the Main Directorate of Patrol Police in Tbilisi. Activities Related to The PPS was established through a pilot project, which the Office supported in an effort to strengthen impact and General Police Development intergovernmental co-operation in public security between

and Reform Kyrgyzstan and Georgia.

Anti-Corruption Police Development and Reform In the first half of 2019, the Office supported the MoI in the From 20 to 23 May, the Office organized a study visit for opening of multifunctional single-window service centres representatives from the MoI Academy, MoI Republican in three regional police departments, also providing the Training Centre, and Institute of the State Committee on necessary ICT equipment. The centres aim in providing higher National Security to the Estonian Academy of Security quality services through simplifying the procedures required Sciences (EASS) in Tallinn (Estonia). The visit was organized for obtaining weapons permits, private security company on the basis of a decision taken during the International Police licences, and bulk freight transportation while also increasing Reform Conference in 2016 and also follow-up meetings the efficiency of the administrative process. The opening of conducted with the management of the EASS on future co- the Centres was the result of best practice gained during an operation between education institutions of law enforcement Office facilitated study visit to Georgia in 2018. By the end of agencies (LEAs). During the visit, participants learned more 2019, all seven centres had become fully operational, enabling on how the EASS operates, including on ways to improve the simplification of administrative inquiries from the public the quality and the structure of the LEAs education system, and a reduction also in the risk of exposure to corruption, taking into consideration international best practice, clear stemming from multiple layers of bureaucracy. cost-benefit analysis and the advantages and disadvantages of having a single education institution for all LEAs. Gender Mainstreaming On 4 March, the Office supported the Kyrgyz Association In July, the government approved a new law On service in of Women in the Security Sector (KAWSS), Republican law enforcement agencies of the Kyrgyz Republic. Expected Committee of Soldiers Mothers of Kyrgyzstan and Women’s to have a positive impact in the fight against corruption, the Forum of Kyrgyzstan in their jointly organized National law had been prepared in close co-operation with the Office. Forum “Women of Kyrgyzstan for Peace, Security and The main changes reflected in the new legislation refer to Development” in Bishkek. The forum brought together the hiring process, according to which the staff of the MoI 200 representatives from parliament, Security Council, will be hired on a contractual basis, including a significant LEAs, local councils, educational institutions, civil society, increase of staff salary. The amendments are expected to have and media. The forum provided a platform to discuss the a positive effect in combating corruption. participation of women in the development of the security sector, the promotion of women to managerial positions in With assistance provided by the Office, the MoI produced a the security sector, and to share international best practice draft 2020 to 2023 Development Strategy. In December, the and experience. The forum adopted a resolution, which draft strategy was submitted to the government for review. included recommendations on women’s participation in sustainable country development, interagency co-operation, From 12 to 17 August, the Office organized training courses and implementation of a National Action Plan on UNSCR in Bishkek on patrol police tactic for staff of the MoI 1325, which was submitted to the government. Academy and newly recruited staff of the MoI Patrol Police Service (PPS). The courses were led by the Deputy Director From 15 to 18 July, in co-ordination with the MoI, the Office of the Department of Patrol Police in Georgia and Deputy supported an awareness-raising campaign for police officers

111  4.10 Programme Office in Bishkek

Community Policing, Police-Public Relations and Crime Prevention Throughout 2019, the Office supported MoI efforts in increasing public trust through introducing Mobile Police Receptions (MPR) in local communities. The work of the MPRs is an effective mechanism for improving public-police co-operation and increasing the effectiveness of police work. The aim of the MPRs is to provide efficient government services for remote local communities.

On 4 July, the Office supported the establishment of the Association of MPRs and LPCs. The Association unites multiple local public councils, formed by representatives of local crime prevention centres, local self-governments and civil society. Their aim is to mobilize and synergize the efforts Representatives of the Kyrgyz LEA education of the state authorities and civil society in supporting the institutions during a study visit to the Estonian Academy of operational and civilian oversight of the MPR’s work. Some Security Sciences, in Tallinn, 22 May 2019 70 representatives from regional LPCs and MoI participated (Programme Office in Bishkek/Ulmasov Ibrokhimzhon) in the inaugural conference organized in Bishkek.

During 2019, the Office assisted the MoI MPR Co-ordination on UNSCR 1325 on the “Women, Peace and Security” agenda and Monitoring Centre in two monitoring visits and in and its implementation, in the view of the upcoming 20th maintaining the MPR GPS monitoring system. As a result of anniversary of the Resolution in 2020. The Office organized such support, MPR activities were expanded during the year a series of training courses in Osh, Jalal-Abad and Batken to five additional territorial police departments of Balykchi provinces for 60 police officers. During the courses, three city, Issyk-Ata, Kara-Kulja, Kadamjay and Toguz-Toro, police officers from each location were selected to deliver and one MPR vehicle was also donated by the Office to the training on UNSCR 1325 in their respective departments MoI Public Safety Department. The work of the MPRs was following a ToT concept. The initiative is planned to continue welcomed and supported by each local community and an in 2020 in Chui, Naryn, Talas and Issyk-Kul provinces. LPC has been established for every MPR vehicle36.

In September, the Office supported an information campaign Other, including co-ordination and during “Open Door Days” on the application process for co-operation law enforcement education institutions, with the aim of From 19 to 21 June, the Office organized the Central promoting the KAWSS programme on mentorship among Asian regional OSCE HoLEDs meeting in Issyk-Kul. The the law enforcement agencies and encouraging more women meeting served as an effective platform for law enforcement students to work in LEAs. The campaign was organized departments in Central Asian FOs to share best practice, in Batken, Jalal-Abad, Osh provinces and Osh city and discuss achievements and lessons learned, co-ordinate witnessed the participation of 1,000 high school students, activities and establish close networks to enhance co- who enhanced their knowledge on how to apply to LEA operation. specialized education institutions. With Office support, KAWSS staff developed and distributed information leaflets on the steps, timeframes, and requirements needed to make an application, as well as a study plan and description of student life in the MoI’s Academy and Republican Training Centre. Experts from KAWSS shared their experiences and provided information on the skills and expertise required for work in this field. In total, 11 women students expressed an interest in applying to study at the Academy and established contacts with the KAWSS’s chairperson for further 36 The LPCs include representatives from the municipalities, local crime prevention discussions. The initiative is scheduled to continue in 2020 in centres, and CSOs. In total, 30 MPR vehicles currently operate in 27 territorial police Chui, Naryn, Talas and Issyk-Kul provinces. departments, assisting 1,042 rural communities with a population of circa 3.5 million. In 2019, MPR teams in rural communities organized over 2,500 visits, providing support to over 9,000 citizens.

112  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS central ASIA

Activities Related to Threats Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors Throughout the year, the Office assisted the MoI in conducting Posed by Criminal Activity several events within the scope of the National Anti- Drug Campaign. A drawing competition among students Organized Crime promoted intolerance towards drug abuse and encouraged a Throughout 2019, the Office assisted in strengthening the healthy lifestyle. Various informational materials and posters capacities of the MoI in tackling transnational organized crime were produced and distributed among schools, representing by introducing ILP and witness protection programmes. In young people’s views on the drug dependency problem. Short total, 25 MoI officers participated in specialized capacity- videos were also produced and aired on national television, building courses on subjects such as methods on combating encouraging parents to pay greater attention to their organized crime and modern witness protection methods. children. All of these efforts were closely co-ordinated with civil society and international organizations. The Office provided expertise and technical assistance to the State Witness Protection Department in strengthening During the year, the Office assisted the MoI in the provision legislation and its alignment with new amendments in of specialized forensic supplies and generic equipment in the criminal justice system. The Office also promoted a conducting respective examinations of seized drugs, covering gender-inclusive protection programme, which focused on strategic forensic needs at a central, regional, and territorial the special needs of women, including those with infants. level. The supplies are expected to be delivered in 2020. Corresponding documents were also drafted with Office support and submitted to the relevant parliamentary committee for approval.

Programme Office in Bishkek – Police-Related Activities in 2019

6 5 Analysis of Lessons Training Learned, Assessments Total and Guidelines 38 Information Exchange / Institution 27 and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 79%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 21%

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4.11 Programme Office in Dushanbe

Introduction In 2019, the Programme Office in Dushanbe (the Office) and the Police Assistance project was focused on supporting the Government in realizing the police reform process and in assisting the MoI to implement key points of the Police Reform Programme and Action Plan. The Office assisted the Drug Control Agency (DCA) on counteracting the threat of illicit drugs and the diversion of chemical precursors in line with national drug policies. The Office promoted the community-policing concept by piloting Model Police Stations (MPS) in two districts and starting the construction of one more MPS in Varzob district, which will become operational in 2020. In addition, the Office tested a new approach for supporting public councils at regional and district levels in two regions, which led to the revitalization of activities for more than 20 public councils at a district level.

BUDGET (UB)*

2019 2018 TOTAL TOTAL 7,311,600 EUR 7,311,600 EUR 7% 84% 6% PMD/CTPU PMD/CTPU 455,700 EUR 480,700 EUR

STAFF* 2019 2018 TOTAL PMD/CTPU TOTAL PMD/CTPU 6 Total 6 Total 5 Local 5% 5 Local Total 1 International 1 International 4% 128 Total 151

(U

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Program Office in Dushanbe.

114  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS central ASIA

To further enhance the professional skills of MoI staff, the Office delivered training in Dushanbe on writing, developing and implementing projects for ten MoI and DCA experts in line with the key elements of the Police Reform Programme. As a result, participants developed practical project proposals in several areas according to their expertise and current departmental needs. As part of piloting process, the Office conducted four trainings for all officers assigned to the MPS, covering topics such as community policing, maintaining public confidence by conducting reporting sessions, and promoting human rights and gender mainstreaming in the work of law enforcement agencies.

On 26 November, in co-operation with TNTD/SPMU, the Activities Related to Office organized an introductory training workshop on ILP in Dushanbe for 30 officers from the DCA, MoI, State General Police Development Committee for National Security and Agency for State

and Reform Financial Control and Combating Corruption.

Human Rights and Police Accountability Police Development and Reform From 2 to 13 July, aimed at increasing the expertise of From 7 to 12 October, the Office organized two training participants on the investigation of suspected and reported courses in Dushanbe for 39 officers from the DCA, MoI, cases of torture according to the Istanbul Protocol: The Agency on Financial Control and Combating Corruption manual on effective investigation and documentation of and Customs Service in Dushanbe. The first course focused torture and other cruel, in human or degrading treatment or on the “Use of intelligence-led policing data in planning and punishment37, the Office organized five training courses for organizing the work of the law enforcement agencies”, led by judges, prosecutors and law enforcement representatives three national experts from the DCA. A second course was from Rasht, Khatlon, Sughd and Autonomous Region of focused on the “Practical implementation of mechanisms for Gorno-Badakhshan. protecting human rights and promoting gender aspects in the work of law enforcement agencies”, delivered by two national Gender Mainstreaming experts. From 11 to 18 October, the Office supported the organization of two trainings for 28 officers in two MPS in Khissor and From 11 to 16 November, in co-operation with the MoI, Rudaki, which focused on “Gender mainstreaming aspects the Office organized a training course in Dushanbe on in police services and prevention of domestic violence cases the development of project proposals for eight MoI in communities” under the overall aim of strengthening the representatives, delivered by two international experts. In line knowledge of police officers on these topics for use in their with the recommendations drafted by these experts, further daily duties. training for these participants in project writing is necessary as is the organization of study visits to those countries where Community Policing, Police-Public police reform has been successfully implemented. Relations and Crime Prevention From 19 to 22 June, aimed at increasing the expertise of Led by the National Co-ordinator on Police Reform, the police staff on community policing principles and its use Office supported a study visit for 11 MoI representatives to in their work, the Office assisted in the organization of two Georgia, where they visited and met with a number of relevant trainings for 28 officers in two MPS in Khissor and Rudaki on agencies and police departments and shared best practice as “Community Policing: Improving Police Efficacy and Building well as lessons learned. Following the trip, the participants Trust”. met with senior management in the MoI to discuss proposals for the introduction of new police practices. From 28 June to 19 July, the Office organized five two days trainings for members of seven public councils and MoI From 26 to 28 November, the Office organized a training officers, aimed at increasing the knowledge of participants on course in Dushanbe for 20 DCA officers, focusing on “Illicit Drugs Trafficking”, aimed at increasing the knowledge of 37 The first set of international guidelines for the documentation of torture and its participants for use in their daily work. consequences.

115  4.12 Programme Office in Dushanbe

On 16 and 26 October, two talk shows were produced and broadcasted on Kulyab regional TV entitled “Our Police Take Care of Us” and “Territorial Police Inspector: How does militia report to the people?”. The Office provided financial and organizational support to the Public Council in implementing the project by hiring a local TV Channel to produce and broadcast the TV Talk Shows and TV reportages. The participants in the shows included public council members and representatives of youth and local authorities, discussed community policing, gender equality, strengthening co-operation between the public and police. In total, 61 participants from MoI College, Avanguard Youth Public council members, representatives of youth and Group in Kulyab region, members of the PC and students of local authorities participate in a talk show on the police, the Kulyab State University participated in the programmes. in Kulyab, Tajikistan, October 2019. (OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe/Bahrom Alimov) Specialized Investigation Units / Forensics On 30 January, the Office donated forensic and office equipment to the MoI’s Forensics and PA. Senior MoI using social media networks to promote the role of public officials, including the Deputy Interior Minister who councils. The trainings were organized for the public councils highlighted how the donation will assist the Academy in in Rasht, in Gharm City, for Khatlon and GBAO public enhancing approaches to training and allow the MoI Forensic councils in Kulyab City, for Sughd public councils in Khujand Service experts to more effectively investigate, counter and City and for Republican and Dushanbe public councils in prevent crimes. Dushanbe City. In total, 115 public council members received training.

On 4 October, in co-operation with the MoI and Saferworld, Activities Related to Threats the Office supported in the organization of the third “Annual National-wide Roundtable on Enhancing Community Posed by Criminal Activity Policing Co-operation” in Guliston, Sughd. Some 110 participants, including MoI staff and representatives of Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT national and international organizations, took part in the During 2019, as part of the Action Plan of Joint Activities event. The aim was to discuss approaches in the framework with the DCA, the Office co-operated in organizing events of the police reform process, with a focus on strengthening dedicated to the DCA’s 20th anniversary. Office assistance community and police co-operation. A roundtable discussion included support to the organization of a senior-level helped to exchange views and increase knowledge of police international conference on “International and Regional and members of PCs on community policing principles. Co-operation on Countering Terrorism and its Financing Participants jointly agreed a set of recommendations relating Through Illicit Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime”. to crime prevention, increasing police effectiveness, the accessibility of law enforcement’s assistance for citizens, Beginning on 22 February, the Office’s Counter-Terrorism public involvement in the implementation of police reform, and P/C VERLT and Police Assistance Unit conducted a role of media in creating a positive public image of the police series of five training workshops38 across the country to and building trust between the public and police. increase the capacities of PCs to raise public awareness on P/C VERLT in line with the OSCE’s Community Policing From 14 to 19 October, with the aim of increasing the Concept and the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. On expertise of PCs in designing and drafting project proposals 3 and 4 April, a training was organized in Kulyab city for PC to enable local communities to identify problems in their members in the MoI Departments of the Khatlon and Kulyab districts and implement socially oriented projects, the Office regions. Following examinations held at the conclusion of organized two three-days trainings in Kulyab and Khisor each training, the 20 best candidates were nominated to for PC members and MoI Officers from Kulyab, GBAO, Republican, Dushanbe, Sughd, Rasht and Khatlon. 38 On 22 and 23 February in Dushanbe for city and republican PCs, on 14 and 15 March in Bokhtar for PCs in the Khatlon region, on 19 and 20 March in Khujand for PCs in the Sughd region, on 27 and 28 March in Gharm for PCs in the Rasht region, and from 1 to 3 May in Kulyab for PCs in Kulyab city.

116  POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS central ASIA

participate in an advanced course organized between 1 and 3 and transnational organized crime, such as illicit trade in May in Khujand city. natural resources, cultural artefacts, weapons, and THB. The Office supported the conference with relevant organizational On 16 and 17 May, the Office organized a senior-level modalities and the development of a conceptual framework conference in Dushanbe on “International and Regional for the event. Co-operation on Countering Terrorism and Its Financing through Illicit Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime”. The Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors event was organized by the Government in co-operation On 3 and 4 June, the Office supported the participation of with the OSCE, UN, and EU. Participants included foreign three representatives from the MoI, DCA and MoH in an ministers from Central Asian participating States and OSCE-wide conference on “Evolving Threat of Synthetic Afghanistan, as well as senior-level delegations from other Drugs: from Addiction to Rehabilitation and Reintegration” countries as well as regional and international organizations, in Vienna. The event was organized in line with the OSCE and diplomatic corps in Tajikistan. The overall aim was to Concept for “Combating the Threat of Illicit Drugs and the discuss the complex inter-connection between terrorism Diversion of Chemical Precursors”.

Programme Office in Dushanbe – Police-Related Activities in 2019

2 Training

27 Total 37 8 Information Analysis of Lessons Exchange / Institution Learned, Assessments and Capacity-Building and Guidelines

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 73%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 27%

117  C e ntral Asia

4.12 Programme Office in Nur-Sultan

Introduction The OSCE Programme Office in Nur-Sultan (the Office) promotes the implementation of the OSCE principles and commitments, facilitates contacts and exchange of information, assisting the government of Kazakhstan. In 2019, the Office organized events for police personnel and law enforcement officers across the territory and all three Dimensions, organizing training events, forums and seminars on relevant topics. Areas of key interest included combating corruption, promoting gender mainstreaming, combating domestic violence, training police on best practice in combating transnational threats, P/C VERLT, and public order and crisis management.

BUDGET (UB)*

2019 2018 TOTAL TOTAL 2,232,700 EUR 2,225,500 EUR 20% 84% 20% POLITICO-MILITARY POLITICO-MILITARY ACTIVITIES (PMA) ACTIVITIES 444,500 EUR 454,900 EUR POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES (28% out of (39% out of Politico-Military Activities) Politico-Military Activities) 122,353 EUR 176,232 EUR STAFF* 2019 2018 TOTAL POLITICO-MILITARY TOTAL POLITICO-MILITARY ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES 4 Total 4 Total 3 Local Total 14% 3 Local 28 Total 14% 1 International 1 International 28

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Programme Office in Nur-Sultan.

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Activities Related to anti-corruption recommendations under the Istanbul Anti- Corruption Action Plan. General Police Development and Reform On 1 March, the Head of Office participated in a roundtable discussion on anti-corruption policies organized by the ACA in Almaty. In total, 80 participants from civil society and Police Development and Reform academia discussed issues related to criminal code, penal On 9 April, the Head of Office discussed with the Minister system, violations of the penitentiary system, as well as of Internal Affairs in Nur-Sultan the modalities for the ongoing MoIA reforms. The Head of the ACA highlighted implementation of a project, which aims at supporting the the importance of Kazakhstan’s compliance with OECD ongoing modernization of the police. The Minister expressed recommendations prepared by the Anti-Corruption Network. the willingness of the MoIA to co-operate on the project and agreed to engage all relevant MoIA structures in support of From 20 to 22 March, the Office participated in the plenary the project. meeting of the “Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia” (ACN), organized in Paris by the On 20 December, the Office participated in the WG meeting ACN Secretariat in the Anti-Corruption Division of the in Karaganda for the 30 officials who will help implement the OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs39. The police reform. On this occasion, the Office presented its ideas monitoring meeting included discussion on the 4th round of for a project on promoting democratic policing principles monitoring reports on Mongolia and Uzbekistan, as well as through police reform, and also co-ordinated all related the progress report for Kazakhstan. project plans in 2020. On 22 April, in partnership with the ACSA and ACA, the Office From 20 to 22 December, the Office organized a training organized a training seminar in Almaty on the fundamentals seminar for the newly elected members of inter-departmental of anti-corruption practices and various international WG on police reform in Borovoye. In total, 16 prosecutors, organizations ranking of Kazakhstan’s current performance in probation officers, labour and social protection workers met this area. During the seminar, some 25 media representatives to discuss the implementation of a service-based approach were familiarized with the government’s policies to combat to ensure public security. The group was organized with the corruption as well as with the results of international agencies support of the Akimat in the Karaganda region within the assessment of Kazakhstan’s anti-corruption efforts. In framework of the Community Policing Project. addition, experts also reviewed the country’s implementation of anti-corruption recommendations under the OECD’s Anti-Corruption Istanbul Action Plan. On 28 and 29 January, the Office facilitated the participation of four representatives from the Agency for Civil Service Affairs From 29 April to 2 May, the Office facilitated the participation (ACSA), ACA, MoEc, International Green Technologies of six CSO representatives in an OSCE-supported study and Investment Project Centre and CSO Zertteu at the visit to Tbilisi. The aim of the visit was to familiarize the “First Preparatory Meeting of the 27th OSCE Economic delegation with the practical steps and measures undertaken and Environmental Forum” held in Vienna. During the by Georgia’s government and non-governmental sectors in event, participants discussed issues of good governance and combating corruption and ensuring accountability of public connectivity in developing digital economies and societies, entities. the impact of the ‘digital economy’ in energy co-operation and sustainable economic growth, as well as preventing and On 30 and 31 May, in partnership with the National Anti- fighting corruption. Representatives from the ACSA and corruption Bureau in the ACSA and ACA, the Office ACA jointly delivered a presentation on the progress in the supported a training seminar in Nur-Sultan on modern fight against corruption using digitalization. methods for identifying, preventing and investigating corruption offences for 40 representatives of the National On 21 February, in co-operation with the ACSA and ACA, Anti-corruption Bureau. During the seminar, a Ukrainian the Office organized a training seminar in Nur-Sultan for expert familiarized participants with the modern tools 29 media representatives on the fundamentals of anti- available to identify corruption offences, especially during corruption practices and the government’s plans to combat state procurement orders. the phenomenon. The Office funded experts from civil society highlighted the importance of joining the Open Government 39 ACN is a regional anti-corruption programme established by the OECD Working Initiative and provided an overview of the implementation of Group on Bribery.

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Committee, GPO and protected area administrations, which co-ordinate government entities in combating poaching. Participants were introduced to the tools and methods used to implement effective patrolling, identifying violators and detaining poachers in line with legislation. Local and international experts also discussed examples of preventing illegal hunting while also familiarizing participants with international best practice in this area.

On 10 December, the Head of Office participated in an “International anti-corruption conference” in Nur-Sultan, organized by the ACA, French ACA and the Office. The event brought together 100 representatives of governmental agencies, civil society, academia, diplomatic corps and Participants of the training course practicing their skills international organizations. Specific discussions focused on during a simulation of a mass gathering and consecutive topics such as liability for illicit enrichment, protection of negotiation process, Karaganda, 17 April 2019. ‘whistle-blowers’, rewards for reporting corruption and the (OSCE/Igor Kondratyev) verification of professional integrity.

Community Policing, Police-Public On 7 July, in co-operation with Transparency International Relations and Crime Prevention Kazakhstan and ACA, the Office organized the opening On 3 September, the Office supported a roundtable session of the Anti-Corruption Summer School. This discussion on inclusive community policing in multi-ethnic was the first in a series of seminars that continued for one societies, organized by TNTD/SPMU and Office of the month, covering some 18 cities. During the first session, 40 OSCE High Commissioner for National Minorities (HCNM) representatives of government organizations, civil society, in Nur-Sultan. The event familiarized 45 representatives media, and academia focused on practical examples of anti- of the MoIA, CSOs and diplomatic corps with the corruption best practice as well as international experiences Recommendations on Policing in Multi-Ethnic Societies and in combating corruption. Participants also discussed anti- the Graz Recommendations on Access to Justice and National corruption legislation, the role of civil society in promoting Minorities. Participants further discussed the importance accountability and the application of anti-corruption of promoting trust-based relations between the police and standards in business. the communities they serve, and the need also to engage all stakeholders. Particularly highlighted was the importance of On 7 and 8 October, the Head of Office took part in a encouraging members of national minorities to access police high-level conference on the role of digital technologies in assistance. reducing corruption risks, organized by the Co-ordinator of OSCE EEA in Almaty with the support of the 2019 Slovak Gender-Based Violence OSCE Chairmanship and ACA. During the conference, From 19 to 21 February, aimed at building the capacity of participants discussed the use of digital technologies in those police inspectors who respond to calls on possible monitoring the implementation of anti-corruption strategies, domestic violence cases, and in co-operation with the MoIA public procurement, asset declaration policies and beneficial and the crisis centre Girlfriends, the Office organized three ownership disclosure. International experts also presented training seminars as well as a public discussion on the approaches, practices and solutions in introducing digital legislative mechanisms that regulate the police’s work in tools aimed at reducing corruption. In total, some 60 senior- combating domestic violence in the Almaty region. The event level officials and experts from Central Asia and the wider took place in Taldykorgan, bringing together 209 community OSCE region participated in the event. police officers who discussed best practice in preventing and addressing domestic violence. From 11 to 15 November, in partnership with Law Enforcement Academy and Forestry and Wildlife Committee From 13 to 15 March, from 17 to 19 April, and from 20 to of the Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources Ministry, the 22 May, in partnership with the MoIA and the crisis centre Office organized a training course in Almaty on enhancing Girlfriends, the Office conducted three training seminars co-ordination in the field of countering corruption. The event in Zhambyl, Atyrau and Aktobe on the capacity-building brought together 40 representatives of Forestry and Wildlife of police inspectors who respond to calls on possible cases

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of domestic violence, and also a public discussion on the Hate Crime legislative mechanisms regulating the police’s work in On 29 May, in co-operation with the International Foundation combating domestic violence. In total, 411 community police for the Protection of Freedom of Speech Adil Soz, the Dutch officers40 discussed best practice in preventing and addressing Embassy and Open Society Foundation Kazakhstan, the domestic violence. Office organized a presentation in Nur-Sultan of an expert study on the legal overview of hate speech and how to From 29 to 30 October, in co-operation with the Regional improve this legal framework. National experts, lawyers and Hub for Countering Global Threats under the GPO Law representatives of civil society and academia were among the Enforcement Academy, the Office supported a training 35 participants who discussed examples of legal proceedings seminar on countering domestic violence in Nur-Sultan. related to incitement based on ethnic, social or religious In total, 19 prosecutors learned about the factors and reasons, practical cases of analysing hate speech in the mechanisms for preventing domestic violence. media as well as ways to promote the principle of freedom of expression. From 25 to 27 November, in co-operation with the CSO Don’t Be Silent/Speak Up, UN Women, United Nations On 28 and 29 August, the Office supported the participation Children's Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Population Fund of two national CSO representatives in a workshop on hate (UNPFA), UNDP, National Commission for Women, Family crime for CSO representatives in Warsaw. and Demographic Policy, Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of Population and the regional administration During September and October, in co-operation with the of Taldykorgan city, the Office organized an international CSO Legal Media Centre, the Office organized two seminars conference in Taldykorgan on the “Preventing and tackling of in Semey and Atyrau on protecting freedom of expression violence against women and girls”. Some 5,300 participants and policies to counter hate speech on the Internet. During from central and local government, law enforcement agencies, the events, some 46 journalists and representatives of civil health and education sectors, civil society, international society discussed the relationship between media and hate organizations as well as experts from Russia, Ukraine and speech policies as well as ways of enhancing co-operation UK participated in the event. Participants discussed best between government, civil society and media. Together with practice in the prevention of gender-based violence and experts from Kazakhstan, participants examined several protection of victims, measures adopted in tackling violence electronic resources and print media examples to analyse the against women and girls, and the inter-agency responses to vocabulary used by journalists. The events aimed to better domestic violence. As a result of these discussions, a series of equip the media with the relevant tools to counter hate speech recommendations were drafted on the effective prevention in the media and online, including mechanisms to reduce the and response to violence against women and girls, which potential harm from a malicious Internet environment and were submitted to the authorities for consideration. destructive behaviour, such as ‘trolling’, cyber-bullying, and hate speech. On 29 November, on International Women Human Rights Defenders Day, in co-operation with the UK Embassy and On 18 October, the Office supported a seminar in Atyrau UN Women in Kazakhstan, the Office supported a working on the protection of freedom of expression and policies breakfast in Nur-Sultan. The event took place within the to counter hate speech on the Internet. The event was co- framework of the “16 Days of Activism against Gender- organized with the CSO Legal Media Centre for 23 journalists based Violence”, bringing together 40 experts, women’s rights and representatives from civil society who discussed the activists, lawyers, and civil society representatives. During relationship between media and hate speech policies as well the event, participants paid tribute to all women who were as ways of enhancing co-operation between government, committed to defending human rights and in promoting civil society and the media. Together with national experts equality in all spheres of public life. The event also discussed from Kazakhstan, participants also examined a number of the latest developments in gender-based violence, effective electronic resources and print media examples to analyse the measures in addressing violence against women and girls, vocabulary used by journalists. The event aimed to provide and issues concerning inter-agency responses to domestic journalists with the tools to counter hate speech in the media violence. and on the Internet, including mechanisms to reduce the potential harm from a malicious Internet environment and destructive behaviour such as, ‘trolling’, cyber-bullying, and hate speech.

40 151 in the Zhambyl, 122 in Atyrau and 138 in Aktobe region.

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On 12 November, in partnership with the CSO Legal Media Torture and Ill-treatment, and international organizations. Centre and the Academy of Justice, the Office organized a Participants discussed the openness and transparency of the seminar in Nur-Sultan on the protection of freedom of penitentiary system, including the level of respect for human expression and judicial regulation of hate speech. The event rights in prisons, the improvement of detention conditions, was attended by 20 judges who were familiarized with and the measures that can be taken to reduce corruption in international best practice in this area. Two international prison administrations. experts shared their knowledge and expertise on how the European Court of Human Rights deals with hate speech cases. In addition, the OSCE-supported publication Hate Speech in Kazakhstan: statistics, cases, and recommendations Activities Related to Threats was disseminated among participants. The event was followed, on 13 November, by a lecture delivered by the Posed by Criminal Activity Office on freedom of expression and hate speech for some 60 Master’s students in the Academy of Justice. Criminal Investigations and Analysis On 6 and 7 March, the Office supported a high-level Public Order and Crisis Management discussion on the current approaches used to increase the From 15 to 19 April, the Office organized a training course effectiveness of criminal justice policy in Almaty. The event on strengthening the capacity of police crisis negotiators in was co-organized by the GPO, Constitutional Council and Karaganda. The course was led by experts from the GPO’s Supreme Court with support from the German Foundation Academy of the National Security Committee and Academy for International Legal Co-operation. On this occasion, the of Law Enforcement Agencies. Organized for 34 police Head of Office delivered a speech in front of 60 senior-level officers, the course reviewed case studies on managing large officials from governmental institutions, law enforcement crowds and hostage taking situations. agencies, judiciary, academia, Bar Association, civil society, as well as national and German legal experts. The participants From 16 to 20 September, in co-operation with the Israeli discussed the modernization of criminal procedure system, Embassy and support from the GPO’s Law Enforcement the existing practice of pre-trial proceedings, as well as the Academy, the Office organized a training seminar in Nur- challenges faced in ensuring the adversarial principle in Sultan for state officials on negotiation processes and conflict criminal proceedings and new approaches to the competitive management. The course was led by experts in the Israel selection of judges. Police, aimed at preparing participants from law enforcement, security and prosecutorial agencies in responding to crisis From 20 to 22 December, within the framework of a project situations (such as hostage taking and managing negotiations). on community policing, the Office organized a training seminar for newly elected members of inter-departmental Other, including co-ordination and WG on police reform in Borovoye. The group was organized co-operation with the support of the Akimat of the Karaganda region. In On 14 May, in a meeting with partners from the National total, 16 prosecutors, probation officers, and labour and social Defence University in Nur-Sultan, the Deputy Head of Office protection workers gathered to discuss the implementation of exchanged information on current activities and discussed a service-based approach in ensuring overall public security. topics of mutual interest. Financial Investigations, Anti-Money On 15 May, the Deputy Head attended a meeting organized Laundering and Seizures of Criminal by the Delegation of the EU to Kazakhstan with the public Proceeds association Dignity, briefing participants on the current On 17 and 18 April, the Office supported two representatives trends in regard to human rights defenders’ security and from Kazakhstan’s Financial Monitoring Committee and protection in Kazakhstan during 2019. MoIA at a senior-level regional conference in Ashgabat on countering terrorist financing and organized crime, On May 29, the Office participated in the “Penitentiary organized by TNTD, OCEEA and Centre in Ashgabat in Forum Prison Reform through Open Dialogue” organized co-operation with Turkmenistan’s MFA, MoF and MoEc. by the MoIA in Nur-Sultan with the support of the Penal The event gathered around 200 representatives from around Reform International Office in Central Asia. The forum Central Asia, other participating States, Partners for Co- gathered 150 participants from parliament, GPO, the MoIA’s operation and experts from international organizations. The Penal Committee, representatives of Public Monitoring conference aimed to foster regional co-operation among the Commissions, National Preventive Mechanism for Preventing Central Asian states through discussions and exchange of

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best practice related to countering terrorist financing and Financial Monitoring Committee, second-tier banks, misuse of new internet technologies by organized crime. insurance companies and securities markets with open source intelligence, financial technologies, virtual currencies From 11 to 15 June, organized by TNTD in co-operation and web-based money laundering typologies. Participants with UNODC’s GPML and the EAG, the Office facilitated were also introduced to money laundering schemes linked a training seminar in Burabay, aimed at building national with corruption offences as well as the ways of identifying, capacities in countering terrorist financing In total, 15 assessing and mitigating related risks. government officials from the law enforcement agencies were trained by international experts and four national trainers on From 27 to 29 August, in co-operation with the MoF’s disrupting terrorist financing schemes. Financial Monitoring Committee, GPO Academy of Law Enforcement Agencies and US Embassy, the Office delivered From 22 to 26 July and 9 to 13 December, in co-operation a training seminar in Nur-Sultan on AML/CFT for 50 with the US Embassy’s International Narcotics and Law officials from the law enforcement agencies and judiciary. Enforcement (INL) Programme and the GPO’s Law Experts from Israel and Lithuania as well as national Enforcement Agencies Academy, the Office organized trainers familiarized participants with best practice in the simulation exercises in Nur-Sultan and Almaty on investigation and prosecution of money laundering cases, countering drug-related money laundering. These events forfeiture of illegally acquired assets and interagency co- were developed for law enforcement officers involved in operation with key stakeholders. The experts also engaged investigating, prosecuting and adjudicating cases related participants in practical exercises on turning financial to laundering the proceeds derived from the illicit drug intelligence into evidence, searching for criminal assets and trafficking and trade, using also online tools and instruments. applying non conviction-based confiscation procedures. During the exercises, participants were familiarized with the peculiarities of co-operating with the private entities that From 5 to 7 November, in co-operation with TNTD, UNODC’s are used by the criminals to hide their illegal activities. In GPML and UNODC Regional Office for Central Asia, the total, some 61 police officers, prosecutors, officials from the Office organized a training course in Burabay aimed at MoF’s State Revenue and Financial Monitoring Committee strengthening national capacities in disrupting the financing along with officials of private entities participated in both of terrorist networks. The workshop brought together 13 exercises. experts and practitioners from the GPO, Law Enforcement Agencies Academy, MoF Financial Monitoring Committee, On 12 July, in co-operation with the National Bank, the MoIA and SSS. International experts also delivered the Office organized a training seminar in Almaty on the training alongside four local government officials, by focusing regulatory aspects of raising funds and countering measures on localized real-life scenarios, familiarizing participants to avert financial pyramids. In total, the event gathered with complex analytical and operational planning methods. 15 representatives from the National Bank. Experts from Moldova and Slovakia familiarized participants with the On 28 November, organized by International Centre for types and schemes of financial pyramids used in financial and Not-for-profit Law, the Office participated in a seminar capital markets as well as ways to identify, block and prevent in Almaty on FATF standards and the level of interaction them via a regulatory body. between government and civil society required to ensure their implementation. In total, 25 participants focused on From 22 to 23 July, in co-operation with the UNODC GPML, FATF standards regarding the non-profit sector as well as the Office organized a study visit for six national trainers examples of their impact on the non-commercial sector. A from government entities to a ToT course in Vienna, which representative of Financial Monitoring Committee discussed focused on countering the funding of terrorism. Together the role of the Committee in the implementation of the with OSCE and UNODC experts, the participants will recommendations. continue delivering training courses to their peers upon their return to the country. Counter-Terrorism & VERLT On 30 and 31 January, the Office participated in the On 1 and 2 August, in co-operation with the National “Regional Workshop on the Central Asian Preventing Violent Bank, US Embassy and Association of Financiers, the Office Extremism (PVE) Network” organized by UNODC’s Regional organized a seminar in Almaty on “Anti-Money Laundering Office for Central Asia in Almaty. Some 60 representatives and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT)”. from the relevant agencies and CSOs from five Central Asian Experts from Belarus, Slovenia and Ukraine familiarized states and international organizations based in the region some 55 representatives from the National Bank, the MoF’s attended the event. Participants reviewed several case studies

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to support the work of the newly established PVE Network Embassy, Border Service of the Committee for National of experts. PVE experts from Lebanon and UK also shared Security and TNTD/BSMU, the Office organized a training their experiences in establishing such networks in their own course on countering transnational crime and identification countries. of potential FTFs in Aktau. International experts from Georgia, INTERPOL, TNTD/BSMU, and Regional Anti- From 25 to 27 March, the Office supported the participation Terrorist Structure of the SCO delivered presentations to of three representatives from the MFA, Anti-Terrorist Centre some 25 border security officers. The overall focus of the in the National Security Committee and GPO at an OSCE- course was on international, regional and national legal wide “Counter-Terrorism Conference” in Bratislava. The frameworks, the use of INTERPOL databases, and document event brought together political representatives, national security. Participants also discussed the importance of counter-terrorism co-ordinators, technical experts and applying risk analysis models in identifying potential FTFs practitioners from participating States and Partners for at the borders and in engaging in exercises to detect forged Co-operation to take stock of efforts made in countering documents and impostors. terrorism and VERLT in the OSCE area. Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors On 20 and 21 June, the Office facilitated the participation From 26 February to 1 March, the Office attended the regular of two representatives from the MFA and civil society at meeting involving the international anti-drug operation an OSCE High-Level Inter-Regional Conference “Whole- “Channel” – “Channel-Centre” held in Almaty. The meeting of-Society-Approach to Preventing and Countering Violent was attended by 60 representatives from more than ten Extremism and Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism” in countries and international organizations involved in Ulanbaatar, Mongolia. countering the international drug trade41.

From 24 to 26 July, as part of a UNODC, UNOCT and On 3 and 4 June, the Office supported the participation of UNCTED initiative, the Office supported a workshop a senior-level government representative to the OSCE-wide organized in Nur-Sultan, which focused on P/C VERLT “Conference on Combating the Threat of Illicit Drugs and the in prisons, facilitating the rehabilitation of prisoners Diversion of Chemical Precursors” organized in Vienna by convicted of violent extremism, including FTFs, through risk TNTD/SPMU, during which the representative delivered a assessments and effective classification measures. Some 48 statement in the opening session. participants from the law enforcement agencies, including the MoIA’s Penitentiary System Committee, academia and From 12 to 16 August, in co-operation with the US Embassy civil society, discussed methods and practices applied in and CARICC, the Office organized a seminar in Almaty penitentiary systems in the treatment of prisoners convicted on investigation of drugs related crimes committed using of violent extremist crimes, exchanging also their ideas with the Internet. In total, 15 police officers responsible for national experts alongside with experts from both Canada investigating drug related crimes were familiarized with and Kyrgyzstan. Furthermore, the event included sessions on Belarus’s experience in this field and also participated in a the development of a prisoner classification system, risks and number of practical exercises developed by a team of three needs assessments, as well as rehabilitation and probation for police officers from Belarus MoIA’s Main Directorate for Drug released prisoners. Control and Counteracting Human Trafficking. Attendees also learned more about commonly used internet resources On 22 November, the Office organized a seminar in Nur- and financial instruments used in the drugs trafficking trade, Sultan to publicly present manuals explaining how to work including cryptocurrency. in the rehabilitation of returning FTFs and their families. Both manuals were developed with the support of the Office, On 16 October, in partnership with US Embassy, the Office Regional Office of Penal Reform International in Central organized a donor co-ordination meeting in Nur-Sultan. Asia and UK Government. In total, 30 officials from the During the meeting, participants discussed programmes Anti-terrorism Centre of the National Security Committee and projects on drug-demand reduction, countering and the Committee on Child Protection in the Ministry of cybercrime, anti-narcotics, and border security. Attendees Education and Science discussed the methods and practices from government, law enforcement agencies, international applied in the rehabilitation of returnees from conflict zones organizations, including IOM, UNICEF, UNODC, CARICC, where terrorist organizations currently operate. 41 The key findings included: an increase of the consumption and trafficking of From 26 to 28 November, aimed at building border agencies’ psychoactive substances, reduction in the use and trafficking of opioids, and increase in the use of online resources for trade and trafficking of illicit drugs, including the capacities to P/C VERLT, in co-operation with the US ‘Darknet’.

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EU BOMCA, US Drug Enforcement Administration local guards in identifying and suppressing channels for the illegal Office and diplomatic corps participated in the event. export, import and transit of victims of human trafficking. The seminar gathered 22 representatives from the police Trafficking in Human Beings & department in the city of Shymkent, and regions of Kyzylorda, Migration-related Crime Turkestan and Zhambyl as well as officers from the Ontustik On 28 February, in co-operation with the MoIA and US regional administration within the border service of the Embassy, the Office organized a conference on CTHB in National Security Committee. Almaty. The event brought together 16 administrative representatives of 14 regions responsible for the work of the From 24 to 28 June, the Office supported the second OSCE regional commissions in combating the illegal exporting, Russian-language live simulation exercise in Nur-Sultan to importing and THB. Representatives of law enforcement identify and rescue victims of human trafficking. The event bodies and CSOs also participated in the event, which focused gathered 73 representatives from law enforcement agencies, on the role of regional administrations in the fight against labour inspectorates, border and migration authorities, human trafficking, co-operation between governmental prosecution offices, social services, and civil society from 17 agencies and international CSOs, the working mechanisms participating States. Delivered for the second time in Russian, of the Interdepartmental Commission on Combating this exercise provided ‘front-line’ responders with the Trafficking in Persons, as well as monitoring and information opportunity to simulate real-life anti-trafficking responses to exchange. create trafficking scenarios. Fictitious brothels, a construction site, an agricultural field and border crossing points were all On 21 February, in co-operation with the Justice Academy, re-created to simulate cases of human trafficking for labour Supreme Court and US Embassy, the Office supported a and sexual exploitation, including child victims. training seminar in Nur-Sultan on good legislative and judicial practices to CTHB. The seminar gathered 25 judges On 11 and 12 July, the Office participated in the “Annual from 14 regions dealing with criminal cases. During the Anti-Trafficking Focal Points meeting” organized by the seminar, national experts presented the most effective ways OSR/CTHB in Nur-Sultan. Participants discussed THB to apply national legislation as well as the international related developments in the respective countries, recent MC legal tools to enhance the judicial protection of victims of Decisions as well as key priorities for 2020. human trafficking. Participants also addressed the challenges in prosecuting crimes related to trafficking, trends and From 5 to 6 September, in co-operation with the MoIA practices used by the courts to identify trafficking victims and US Embassy, the Office organized a training seminar and international best practice regarding compensation on combating human trafficking in Almaty. In total, 28 mechanisms for victims of trafficking. representatives from Air Astana and the Education Centres of the Committee of Civil Aviation from Nur-Sultan, Almaty, From 12 to 13 March, the Office supported the participation Aktau and Shymkent participated in the event. The event of four national experts in the first co-ordination meeting in focused on the role of the civil aviation industry in identifying Minsk organized by OSR/CTHB. In total, 20 representatives and addressing THB. Participants learned more about the from civil society and the state agencies of Belarus, mechanisms of human trafficking, international and national Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan anti-trafficking legislation, techniques for psychological discussed the implementation of the upcoming second analysis of a suspect’s verbal and non-verbal behaviour as Russian-language simulation exercise, which took place in well as ways to identify risk indicators. Nur-Sultan from 24 to 28 June. On 26 and 27 September, in partnership with the MoIA and On 8 and 9 April, the Office supported the participation US Embassy, the Office organized an international roundtable of three civil society representatives to the 19th High-level discussion in Shymkent on strengthening co-operation in Alliance against Trafficking in Persons Conference “Using addressing human trafficking. In all, 39 officials from law Technology to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings: Turning enforcement, border control, migration control, prosecution a Liability into an Asset”, organized by the OSR/CTHB in offices and CSOs from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan Vienna. and Uzbekistan discussed measures to tackle THB, enhance inter-agency responses, promote co-operation, in addition From 29 to 30 April, in co-operation with the US Embassy to reviewing the US State Department’s 2019 Trafficking and MoIA, the Office supported a seminar on combating trafficking in persons in Shymkent. The event focused on strengthening co-operation between police and border

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in Persons Report42. In addition, experts from Azerbaijan, students and young researchers from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Belarus, Latvia and Moldova presented best practice on ways and Russian Federation who studied the legal aspects of the to counter organized crime on human trafficking. development and exercise of human rights in cyberspace. Participants discussed national and international policies on From 14 to 18 October, in co-operation with the MoIA’s internet governance, and the challenges and opportunities Karaganda Academy, the Law Enforcement Academy’s that this causes in terms of protecting and enjoying citizen’s Regional Hub for Countering Global Threats in the GPO, rights and freedoms. Discussions also focused on public US Embassy and UN High Commissioner for Refugees, privacy in cyberspace, personal data regulations and the Office organized an OSCE-supported first national live protection, and practices to improve online security. simulation exercise in Karaganda on identifying and rescuing victims of human trafficking. Some 50 professionals from the On 23 October, the Deputy Head of Office presented the law enforcement agencies, labour inspectorates, prosecution Office’s activities in countering cybercrime at an event in offices, CSOs and social services participated in the event. Nur-Sultan entitled “Cybercrime: A 21st Century Challenge”, Using actors to create trafficking scenarios, the exercise organized by the US Chamber of Commerce in Kazakhstan. provided ‘front-line’ responders with the opportunity to respond to simulated real-life cases of human trafficking for Border Security and Management / labour and sexual exploitation, including child victims. Customs On 9 and 10 April, the Office attended the “13th Annual On 12 and 13 December, in co-operation with the MoIA Meeting of the OSCE BSM NFP Network”, organized by and US Embassy, the Office organized a training in Almaty TNTD/BSMU in Bratislava. On 11 and 12 April, the Office on CTHB. The event brought together 37 labour inspectors, attended the Conference “ID@Borders and Future of Travel” secretaries of the Akimats from 14 regions responsible for organized by TNTD/BSMU and Biometrics Institute in the work of the regional commissions on CTHB as well as Vienna, designed to support the implementation of the representatives from the law enforcement agencies and civil UNSCR 2396 on FTFs. society. The event focused on the role of labour inspectors in the fight against trafficking and on the working mechanisms From 22 to 26 April, from 29 July to 2 August and from 4 to 8 of the Inter-departmental Commission on Combating November, in co-operation with the US Embassy, CARICC, Trafficking in Persons. Participants also addressed the and Border Guard Service within the National Security importance of co-operation between governmental agencies Committee, the Office organized a ToT course in Almaty on and international and national CSOs, as well as on the the detection of forged travel documents and identification monitoring and exchange of information. techniques. In total, 20 border service officers from various land border-crossing points were trained by the experts from Countering Cybercrime Austria’s MoI. During the course, practical exercises allowed On 17 and 18 June, the Office supported the participation participants to work with over 200 samples of real and forged of two representatives from the Ministry of Digital travel documents banknotes from more than 12 countries. Development, Innovations and Aerospace Industry and the parliament’s Committee for National Security at the OSCE From 24 to 28 June, in co-operation with the US Embassy and Chairmanship hosted Cyber/ICT Security Conference on Coast Guard service in the Border Guard Service under the “Cyber/ICT Security for a safer future – the OSCE’s role in National Security Committee, the Office organized a training fostering regional cyber stability”, organized in Bratislava. course in Aktau on the detection of forged travel documents The event provided a platform for over 200 representatives of and identification techniques. In total, 19 coastguard officers public, private and CSO sectors from across the OSCE area from the Regional Division of the Coast Guard were trained to engage in a comprehensive dialogue on cyber/ICT security by experts from Austria’s Federal MoI and NATO Maritime at a global, regional and national level. Interdiction Operational Training Centre on the processes of security paper production, use of paper and polymer From 8 to 12 July, in co-operation with M. Narikbayev substrates in document security, conventional printing KAZGUU University, the Office supported a summer school, techniques, photo protection, secondary verification and organized in Nur-Sultan for law students and young law required maritime documentation. The event aimed at researchers, focusing on the relationship between human strengthening the overall capacities of participants in rights and cybersecurity. The event was organized for 30 law ensuring international maritime document security and in identifying falsified travel and other regulated documents while at sea. 42 https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/2019-Trafficking-in-Persons- Report.pdf

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From 5 to 6 November, the Office supported the “Central Asian Border Management Initiative” organized by the TNTD/BSMU in Almaty. During the event, participants exchanged information on the current situation and their progress in border security and management. They jointly agreed to discuss ways to explore possibilities to foster co- operation and co-ordinate their programmes in 2020–2021 to avoide overlap. In total, some 34 officials and experts from Austria, Belarus, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan as well as the EEAS, EU’s BOMCA and Foreign Policy Instrument, IOM, ICMPD, and UNODC Regional Office for Central Asia participated in the conference.

Programme Office in Nur-Sultan – Police-Related Activities in 2019

2 Training 37 Total Analysis of Lessons 80 Learned, Assessments Information and Guidelines 41 Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 46%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 54%

127  Ce ntral Asia

4.13 Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan

Introduction The OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan (PCUz) supports the authorities in strengthening their AML/CFT in line with FATF Recommendations. Since 2012, the PCUz’s main activities in combating money laundering and terrorism financing have been established on a risk-based approach, focusing on the capacity-building of the FIU within the GPO and staff of financial institutions or other institutions engaged in AML/CFT measures.

Since 2007, the PCUz has assisted the MIA’s PA in strengthening its training capacities. A focus was placed on the retraining and professional development of experts responsible for crime prevention in terrorism, extremism, drug trafficking, and THB. Since 2008, the PCU has worked with the National Centre for Drug Control (NCDC) in supporting the implementation of national strategies and policies in the fight against illicit drug circulation.

BUDGET (UB)*

2019 2018 TOTAL TOTAL 2,499,200 EUR 20% 2,293,400 EUR 84% 21% POLITICO-MILITARY ACTIVITIES POLITICO-MILITARY ACTIVITIES 517,800 EUR 462,800 EUR POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES (40% out of (61 % out of Politico-Military Activities) Politico-Military Activities) 207,027 EUR 284,591 EUR STAFF* 2019 2018 TOTAL POLITICO-MILITARY TOTAL POLITICO-MILITARY ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES 5 Total 4 Total 5 Local Total 15% 3 Local 13% 27 Total 1 International 38

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan

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In 2013, the PCUz and the NCDC signed an MoU aimed at improving joint efforts in addressing illicit drug circulation and other related transnational organized crimes. Since 2016, the PCUz has assisted the authorities in promoting human-rights compliant national counter-terrorism policies and building the national capacities in P/C VERLT.

Activities Related to Activities Related to Threats General Police Development Posed by Criminal Activity and Reform Financial Investigations, Anti-Money Laundering and Seizures of Criminal Police Development and Reform Proceeds On 20 March, in the framework of the 73rd Joint Meeting From February to October, as part of the project “Support of the FSC and the PC on “Security Dialogue: Security to Uzbekistan in combating money laundering and terrorism Sector Governance and Reform (SSG/R) in the context of financing”, the PCUz facilitated the participation of a the OSCE: perspective and examples”, held in Vienna, the delegation from AML/CFT at three FATF Plenary Meetings PCUz delivered a presentation on perspectives and examples held in Paris and Orlando, where the latest changes and relating to SSG/R. dynamics in the field were further discussed.

On 10 May, in co-operation with TNTD/SPMU, the PCUz In 2019, the PCUz assisted the national authorities in organized a training workshop on ILP in Tashkent to highlight undertaking the National Risk Assessment (NRA) on the risks the advantages of ILP for the police. Two TNTD/SPMU related to ML/FT, which will allow the authorities to identify, experts introduced the ILP concept, explaining how this prioritize and address ML/FT risks. A PCU contracted model can strengthen traditional policing approaches. Two international expert will assist the FIU in conducting the further law enforcement experts from Estonia and Sweden NRA. shared experiences on ILP practices in their respective countries. During the workshop, participants discussed the From 16 to 18 October, the PCUz supported the OECD in potential for implementing the ILP model in Uzbekistan. The organizing the Law Enforcement Network Meeting of its ACN event was attended by 25 senior level police officials from for Eastern Europe and Central Asia on “Tackling high-level both operational and educational structures. corruption and recovery of illicit assets”, held in Tashkent. The meeting focused on the lack of political commitment, On 9 and 10 September, in line with its general commitment the weak capacities of the law enforcement agencies, and lack towards supporting the government of Uzbekistan in of internal co-ordination and international co-operation. undertaking reforms in line with OSCE commitments, the The participants included those national law enforcement PCUz sponsored the participation of the Deputy Director agencies responsible for investigating and prosecuting of the Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies under the corruption offences and recovering corrupt assets in President at a senior-level conference on SSG/R in Bratislava. Eastern Europe and Central Asia, including specialized anti- During the conference, participants discussed best practice corruption prosecutors and investigators, as well as other and lessons learned in strengthening the effectiveness relevant authorities and international organizations. and sustainability of national SSG/R processes, building new partnerships and exploring ways to make best use of From 23 to 25 October, in co-operation with TNTD and the OSCE’s capacities in supporting the SSG/R efforts of UNODC, the PCUz organized two training courses in participating States. During the event, the PCUz delivered Tashkent for officers from the Uzbek law enforcement a presentation on the role of FOs in SSG/R, including agencies involved in the investigation of AML/CFT cases. The examples of successes and outlining a process and criteria for first training course focused on the financing of terrorism, developing SSG/R projects. while the second concentrated on analysis.

From 28 to 30 October, the PCUz organized a visit to Poland for representatives of the FIU, Central Bank, and Presidential Administration. The aim was to acquire expertise from

129  4.13 Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan

training of staff engaged in countering economic crimes and improving the mechanisms used in asset recovery.

From 2 to 14 December, the PCUz supported the participation of representatives from the GPO Academy in a two-week advanced programme on managing financial investigations in Saitama, Japan. Conducted by the Asia-Pacific Academy for Tax and Financial Crime Investigation, the course provided participants with expertise on the issues faced by tax and financial crime investigators in the fight against illicit financial activities, including the relevant responses to these issues using a range of available tools. The programme also aimed at improving skills in the investigation of complex financial crimes, such as money laundering and corruption, starting with the identification process until the return of “The Present Day Military Conflicts: Content and criminal assets is concluded. LessonsLearned” Conference organized by the Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan, in co-operation with the Counter-Terrorism & VERLT Academy of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan. October 2019 Throughout 2019, the PCUz launched a series of roundtable (OSCE/Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan) discussions on the role of women in preventing crime within their communities, by developing the concept of community policing and highlighting the importance of civic-law Polish officials on the application and implementation of enforcement partnerships in preventing crime. A particular international AML/CFT standards, with a focus on preparing focus was placed on the experience of Uzbekistan in the AML/CFT mutual assessments, NRA, methods for raising re-integration of women returning from the conflict zones awareness and education in AML/CFT, inter-agency co- and the existing international practices. The discussions operation, and strengthening co-operation with the law also provided guidance to police on better understanding enforcement and supervisory agencies. the gender dynamics in P/C VERLT, as underlined in the OSCE-wide Guidebook on Understanding the Role of Gender From 11 to 15 November, in co-operation with the EAG, the in Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism and PCUz supported a workshop on “Assessment of Effectiveness, Radicalization That Leads to Terrorism - Good Practices for Experience and Best Practice of Money Laundering Law Enforcement. Investigation in the Eurasian Region” in Tashkent. The event contributed to strengthening the interaction and From 29 to 31 January, in co-operation with TNTD/ATU communication of prosecutors and investigators with and with contributions from ODHIR, the PCUz organized a other AML/CFT systems, identifying effective investigative national “Table Top Exercise on Countering the Use of the mechanisms, and discussing planned mutual assessments. Internet for Terrorist Purposes” in Tashkent. The exercise focused on increasing national capacities in countering From 25 to 28 November, the PCUz supported the the development and spread of online content for terrorist participation of a representative from the GPO Academy purposes by enhancing international co-operation and at the “Sixth Asset Recovery Interagency Network - Asia sharing best practice by engaging with private companies Pacific (ARIN-AP) Asset Recovery Training” in Seoul. The and other non-state actors. The findings from the exercise led training discussed best practice in the field of asset recovery, to the development of a national ‘Road Map’ on addressing implementation of informal co-operation in the framework threats posed by the use of the Internet for terrorist purposes, of ARIN-AP and exchange of information. which should assist policymakers in formulating human rights-compliant and gender mainstreamed policies and On 27 November, the PCUz supported the participation normative frameworks for preventing and countering online of a representatives of the GPO Academy at the “12th content promoting violent extremism and terrorism. In total, Anniversary Meeting of the International Network AML/ 62 national and international experts from the parliament, CFT Institute’s Council” in Ashgabat. During the meeting, judiciary, state investigators, law enforcement agencies, ICT representatives from EAG member states and the Asset industry, civil society, youth bodies, academia, and media Recovery Inter-Agency Network in West and Central Asia participated in the event. Permanent Secretariat reviewed the Network’s work in the

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From 4 to 6 February, in co-operation with TNTD/BSMU, other participating States, Partners for Co-operation and the PCUz organized a workshop in Tashkent to provide other international, regional and sub-regional organizations. legislative and technical support for the establishment of an Through discussions and the exchange of best practice, the API system. During the event, the participants discussed all event aimed at fostering regional co-operation among Central recommendations included in the Roadmap for Establishing Asian states in addressing the financing of terrorist activities an API system, as well as the progress made in API as a serious challenge to security and stability. During the implementation. In total, 13 members of the Inter-Agency event, potential links with organized crime and role of new WG, responsible for the API implementation, participated digital technologies for financing terrorist activities and in the workshop, consisting of representatives from the MoI, organized crime were also highlighted. State Border Committee, State Customs Committee, State Tourism Committee and Civil Aviation Authority. On 1 May, the PCUz organized a roundtable in Tashkent regarding progress made in the 2018 to 2021 NAP, in On 6 March, the PCUz organized a training course in particular in relation to the implementation of UNSCR Tashkent for 37 students from the Journalism Department of 1540 concerning the non-proliferation of weapons of mass the State University of World Languages on developing their destruction, and realizing international commitments skills in covering topics related to VERLT. The training was in the area of chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear conducted by national experts and focused on the capacities safety. Participants discussed how to improve the control of journalists in using modern multimedia technology in of strategic trade of dual-use goods, develop legislation for reaching out to young people, with a focus placed on security the implementation of relevant conventions and promote aspects in journalistic research, reporting on terrorist acts the application of a number of international anti-terrorism and improving the legal culture in society. instruments in implementing UNSCR 1540. Along with four OSCE experts, the event brought together 30 members of On 25 and 26 March, the PCUz facilitated the participation the NAP WG from the MoH, MIA, MoD and other relevant of two representatives from the SSS and CSO Centre for stakeholders. Studying Regional Threats at the OSCE Chairmanship organized OSCE-wide counter-terrorism conference on On 30 and 31 May, in co-operation with the Centre for “Taking Stock of Efforts to Prevent and Counter Terrorism, Retraining of Journalists, the PCUz organized a workshop as well as Violent Extremism and Radicalization that Leads for 19 participants from the press units of law enforcement to Terrorism in the OSCE Area’” in Bratislava. Participants agencies in Tashkent. The aim of the event was to develop the discussed the progress of international co-operation in skills of journalists in using modern multimedia technologies countering terrorism and implementation of best practice in to increase their outreach, for example, with youth, as well P/C VERLT, referral mechanisms, pre-criminal interventions, as how to mobilize citizens on issues related to P/C VERLT. as well as rehabilitation and reintegration programmes. Participants also discussed how to promote public awareness of and responses to manifestations of VERLT through the On 13 April, in co-operation with the Centre for Retraining media, how to strengthen social partnership between law of Journalists of Uzbekistan, the PCUz organized a workshop enforcement agencies and the media, as well as related on reporting on topics related to P/C VERLT for 41 students matters to do with enhancing legal culture in society. from the Department for Journalism of the Karakalpak State University in Nukus. The event focused on using modern From 24 to 25 and from 27 to 28 June, the PCUz supported multimedia technologies (such as the Internet and social ODIHR in facilitating a workshop on the prevention of media) to reach out to youth and increase their resilience human rights violations in effective counter-terrorism against VERLT. The participants also discussed ways to policing in Tashkent. In front of 31 experts from the police, strengthen co-operation between law enforcement agencies GPO and SSS, the workshop focused on a range of human and the media, including on matters related to enhancing rights issues related to practical aspects of the work carried legal culture in society and exerting public control over out by counter-terrorism law enforcement officers. The manifestations of VERLT. event also provided participants with the opportunity to analyse setbacks that counter-terrorism policing may face if From 17 to 18 April, the PCUz supported the participation implemented in violation of human rights and to realize how of three representatives from the SSS, Central Bank and observing international human rights standards positively GPO Department on Combating Economic Crimes at the contributes to the effectiveness of such investigations. “2019 OSCE High-Level Regional Conference on Countering Terrorist Financing and Organized Crime” in Ashgabat. The event brought together 200 experts from Central Asia and

131  4.13 Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan

On 13 and 14 September, in co-operation with the CSO in the field trying to combat the recruitment of militants into Centre for Studying Regional Threats, the PCUz organized international terrorist organizations. a regional workshop on “Actual issues on deheroization of extremist-terrorist groups: problems and solutions” in Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors Tashkent. The event gathered 40 representatives from the On 3 and 4 June, the PCUz supported the participation of Legislative (lower) Chamber of the Oliy Majlis, SSS, MIA, the Director of the National Information-Analytical Centre GPO, National Guard, experts from the region as well as civil on Drug Control in the CoM at the 2019 OSCE Conference society and media to discuss the challenges and solutions on Combating the Threat of Illicit Drugs and the Diversion related to the deheroization of extremist and terrorist of Chemical Precursors “Evolving Threat of Synthetic groups. During the event, the PCUz presented a guidebook Drugs: from Addiction to Rehabilitation and Reintegration” on Covering the Topic of Violent Extremism, Radicalization in Vienna. During the event, experts discussed with other and Terrorism in the Mass Media, which was published in relevant actors in the OSCE area the current situation and co-operation with the Centre for Retraining of Journalists of trends in the trafficking of synthetic drugs, supply and Uzbekistan. demand reduction of synthetic drugs, and related measures, including best practice and lessons learned. From 31 October to 1 November, the PCUz sponsored the participation of two representatives from the SSS Committee From 8 to 21 December, in co-operation with the Russian for State Border Protection to the 3rd OSCE-wide Seminar Embassy, the PCUz supported the participation of ten Uzbek on “Passenger Data Exchange”, co-organized by TNTD/ police officers to the Russian MoI’s Siberian Law Institute in BSMU and UNOCT in Vienna. During the event, more Krasnoyarsk. As a result of the visit, participants from ten than 170 experts from participating States and Partners Ukbek regions were able to gain valuable insights in relation for Co-operation discussed how to counter the risks posed to countering illicit drug circulation. by returned FTF, how to best support the implementation of UNSCR 2396 and how to help them identify needs for From 12 to 13 December, in co-operation with the National technical assistance. Information-Analytical Centre on Drug Control in the CoM, the PCUz organized a workshop in Tashkent for From 26 October to 7 November, the PCUz supported the 15 representatives of Drug Abuse Prevention Centres participation of six WG members in the US Department (DAPC) dealing with the consequences of drug abuse. The of State sponsored “International Visitor Leadership workshop focused on the potential role of social workers Programme” in Washington, D.C. WG members included in prophylactics of drug addicts (based on national and experts from the Legislative (lower) Chamber of the international experiences), the forms of social rehabilitation Oliy Majlis, MFA, MIA, GPO, Committee on Religious and support, the preventative measures and individual Affairs in the CoM, and President’s Institute for Strategic plans for drug addicts, and the role that recent reforms have and Regional Studies. The overall aim of the visit was to played in the work of the DAPCs in responding to current strengthen capacities of the WG in drafting the National challenges. Counter Terrorism Strategy and Action Plan. During their visit, the WG members met with representatives of the US From 12 to 13 December, in co-operation with the National Departments of State and Homeland Security, US Institute of Information-Analytical Centre on Drug Control in the CoM, Peace, Baltimore Police Department, and Kalamazoo Youth the PCUz organized a seminar in Tashkent for 15 experts Development Network. from all provinces in charge of implementing the national programme on fighting illicit drug circulation. During the On 13 December, in co-operation with CSO Centre for seminar, participants discussed national regulations and Studying Regional Threats, the PCUz organized a regional preventative measures supporting the fight against the illicit workshop in Tashkent on the psychological portrait of a trafficking of drugs and chemical precursors. recruit from Central Asia fighting in terrorist groups in Afghanistan and Middle East. The event brought together 35 Trafficking in Human Beings & experts from CSOs from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Migration related Crime Federation, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan working on countering Throughout 2019, the PCUz helped to strengthen the terrorism issues, as well as representatives of the SSS, MoI, capacities of actors at a national and local level in addressing National Guard, GPO, Committee on Religious Affairs in THB-related issues through the provision of national and the CoM, and academia. During the workshop, participants local platforms. Through four regional trainings organized examined why violent extremist ideology was popular among across the country in May and August, more than 110 groups of persons, and drafted recommendations for experts investigators from all the regions gained expertise on new

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forms and methods for recruiting potential victims of human From 28 to 31 October, in co-operation with the GPO trafficking, exploring the link between human trafficking and Academy and support of TNTD/SPMU, the PCUz organized related crimes such as terrorism and money laundering. A a training course in Tashkent for ‘first responders’ dealing focus was also placed on gender aspects of human trafficking, with digital evidence. The event was attended by 35 law underlining the importance of women in the police. enforcement officers from the MoI, GPO and SSS. The course was designed for law enforcement staff who may be the first Furthermore, within the project on “Family Crime to arrive at a crime scene, but do not yet have the capacities Prevention”, a practical toolkit was developed by the PCUz to carry out ‘first responder’ duties. The course covered all for police officers on the methodology for working with aspects of ‘first response’, from planning and preparation potential offenders and preventing acts of violence to protect via crime scene and digital evidence preservation to post the rights of victims of domestic violence. incident reporting and follow-up.

Cybercrime On 5 November, in co-operation with the Malta based From 28 to 31 January, the PCUz participated in meetings DiploFoundation, the PCUz organized a training course held in Tashkent between the TNTD Co-ordinator of in Tashkent entitled “Towards the National Cybersecurity TNT Activities and experts from the MFA, the Ministry Framework in Uzbekistan: Building a Multi-stakeholder of Development of Information Technologies and Platform for cybersecurity experts”. The half day training Communications (MoDITC), the Legislative (lower) course was conducted in Tashkent city for 33 mid-level Chamber of the Oliy Majlis, MIA and other relevant management staff responsible for cybersecurity issues. authorities, where the implementation of CBMs in the field of ICT was further discussed. Future activities agreed in these On 6 and 7 November, the PCUz organized a training meetings included support for the implementation of CBMs seminar in Tashkent province on enhancing the awareness and facilitating the development of a National Cyber Security of stakeholders about key security challenges in the digital Strategy (expected to be summarized by TNTD in a report era and possible policy and political responses, as well as to that will be submitted shortly to the national authorities for raise awareness on the importance of developing a strategic consideration). approach to and competences for cybersecurity. The seminar was conducted for 33 cybersecurity specialists from different On 15 and 16 May, in co-operation with the MoDITC and key ministries, agencies, committees and industry. with the support of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, Inha University in Tashkent and From 9 to 13 December, with the aim of studying best private sector, the PCUz organized the “Fourth Central practice and modern mechanisms to counter cybercrimes, in Asian Internet Governance Forum” in Tashkent. The co-operation with the GPO Academy, UK Embassy and UK forum provided a platform for more than 150 senior-level National Crime Agency, the PCUz organized a regional basic government officials, representatives from the private sector, training course in Tashkent on investigating cybercrime. The civil society, academia and international organizations event was attended by 15 representatives of law enforcement to share best practice on how to address issues such as agencies in Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and cybersecurity, the debate on ‘freedom’ versus ‘regulation’ Uzbekistan. in the Internet, Internet accessibility, as well as global and national approaches to Internet governance. On 17 December, in co-operation with the MIA and GPO’s Academy, the PCUz organized a roundtable discussion in From 3 to 5 July, the PCUz facilitated the participation Tashkent to discuss the outcomes of a PCUz commissioned of three experts from the MITC and State Inspection for cybercrime related report, which had been prepared by two Control in the field of Information and Telecommunications contracted Estonian experts, upon the request of the Uzbek of Uzbekistan at the “1st Annual CBM 8 Points of Contact authorities. During the event, 25 participants from the MoI, (PoCs) Meeting” in Vienna. This first annual meeting GPO, MoJ, SSS, National Guard, and academia discussed gathered policy and technical PoCs and representatives of existing cybercrime related elements in criminal legislation Permanent Missions from across 40 participating States. and provided recommendations on how to bring criminal The overall aim was to improve the work of the CBM ‘8 PoC’ legislation in line with international standards. network, as a body of policymakers and technical officers, to enhance ties between national institutions through the exchange of information on security of ICT and, thereby, promoting greater regional cyber stability.

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Border Security and Management / From 11 to 12 April, the PCUz supported the participation Customs of two representatives of the SSS Committee for State Border From 9 to 10 April, the PCUz supported the participation Protection and MFA at the “ID@Borders and Future of Travel of two representatives of the SSS Committee for State Conference”, organized by TNTD and Biometrics Institute of Border Protection and MFA at the “13th Annual Meeting Uzbekistan in Vienna. The event provided an opportunity for of the OSCE Border Security and Management National those participating States not using biometric technology to Focal Points Network” in Bratislava. The meeting provided obtain further information on the benefits of these systems information on approaches to border security, border and to learn how to use and share biometric information management and cross-border co-operation mechanism to for the purposes of preventing and countering terrorism address transnational threats and other challenges in area of in line with human rights standards and other normative security and stability. frameworks. For those participating States already using biometric technology, the conference facilitated the exchange of best practice in the use of these tools and identification of potential international co-operation to strengthen the overall efficiency of their own systems.

Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan – Police-Related Activities in 2019

14 3 Training Analysis of Lessons Total Learned, Assessments 47 and Guidelines Information Exchange / Institution 30 and Capacity-Building

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 6%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 94%

134 Appendices

135  A ppe ndi x 1

ODIHR Annual Report on Police-Related Activities for 2019 Submitted as appendix to the SG Annual Report on Police-Related Activities, in line with Decision 9, paragraph 6, of the Bucharest MC Meeting, 4 December 2001.

Introduction The Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) provides police-related assistance to governments and civil society in participating States in close co-operation with other OSCE executive structures and international organizations.

Activities Related to Institution (OI) and National Preventive Mechanism (NPM) on monitoring and documenting the use of force, weapons General Police Development and restraints by the police and the absolute prohibition of

and Reform torture and other ill-treatment. The training was specifically tailored to the national context, focusing on national legislation and equipment currently in use in Slovenia. In Police Development and Reform total, 20 personnel of the OI and NPM, including civil society In November and December, ODIHR provided expertise representatives (11 women, nine men), were trained. The and training facilitation at two training events organized by interactive workshop included sessions on different types of CEPOL, in Lisbon and in Warsaw, for police commanding law enforcement equipment, the related medical and human officers to be deployed in EU CSDP missions. During both rights risks, international human rights standards on the use events, ODIHR delivered training sessions on transforming of force and the prevention of torture, as well as sessions on the institutional cultures of security sector institutions by methods of documentation. The need to improve the skills addressing bias, discrimination, harassment, and other of participants in monitoring and documenting the use of abuse while promoting compliance with human rights while weapons was addressed during the workshop, especially in delivering security. These interactive training modules, relation to projectile electric shock weapons. The event also which included exercises and discussions, featured content provided a platform for the development of future policy on integrating a human rights-based approach, integrating a recommendations addressed to the authorities. gender perspective, and fostering inclusive behaviour in the promotion of change. Community Policing and Police-Public Relations Human Rights and Police Accountability ODIHR worked on building trust and understanding On 21 November, based on the ODIHR/PRI Guidance between police, Roma, and Sinti, in particular, through the Document on the Nelson Mandela Rules43 and the Omega implementation of its training programme on Police and Research Foundation’s Practical Guide on Monitoring Roma – Effective and Human Rights-Compliant Policing. Weapons and Restraints in Places of Detention44,ODIHR The programme aims at strengthening the capacity of police organized a workshop in Slovenia for the Ombuds officers working in localities with a sizable Roma and Sinti communities to their safety and security, and is composed of a standard training and a ToT course. 43 https://www.osce.org/odihr/389912 44 https://omegaresearchfoundation.org/documentation-tools/monitoring-weapons- and-restraints-places-detention-practical-guide.

136  Appendix 1

From 16 to 17 August, ODIHR organized a standard training course for 16 police officers in Kyiv to further strengthen their understanding of effective policing practices and the need to respect and protect the rights of all persons, particularly those excluded or discriminated against, such as Roma.

From 16 to 19 December, ODIHR organized a ToT course for 16 participants from the Romanian police, in Bucharest. As a result of the training, participants increased their knowledge and understanding on the importance of overcoming existing stereotypes against Roma and of the benefits of complying with human rights standards in policing activities.

Hate Crime Throughout 2019, ODIHR continued to support participating States in addressing hate crimes through implementation of its “Training against Hate Crimes for Law Enforcement (TAHCLE) programme”45. The participating States showed continuous interest in the TAHCLE programme. A number of MoUs on implementing the programme were signed with two participating States in 2019 and two further participating States expressed preliminary interest in implementing it in the future.

• On 19 February, ODIHR signed an MoU to implement Stakeholders at an ODIHR training course on ‘Protecting TAHCLE with the Georgian MoIA. The signing Human Rights and Effectively Countering Violent Extremism ceremony held in Tbilisi gathered 24 participants from and Radicalization that May Lead to Terrorism’ for Spanish various MoIA departments and police. ODIHR also police officers, Albacete, Spain, November 2019. discussed with the representatives of the Human Rights (Kenneth Pennington) Protection and Monitoring Department the next steps of the programme’s implementation. The curriculum was adjusted to the national context, translated into the local of the MoI (including National Hate Crime Office and language, reviewed by the National Implementation Criminal Statistics Department, police, civil guard and WG, and duly finalized. From 16 to 18 April, ODIHR representatives of the Chief Prosecutor’s Office specialized conducted a ToT session for 30 participants (11 women on hate crimes). ODIHR also organized an awareness- and 19 men) in Tbilisi. The national authorities will raising workshop on hate crimes for 41 representatives begin cascading the TAHCLE training to all relevant from the National Police and Guardia Civil (11 women police units. and 30 men) and participated in the TAHCLE National Implementation WG meeting where the TAHCLE • On 8 April, ODIHR signed an MoU with the Spanish curriculum was presented and customization process and MoI to implement TAHCLE. As a consequence, from 22 next steps were explained. to 24 May, ODIHR conducted a needs assessment visit to Madrid to understand the scope and nature of bias- From 19 to 26 June, ODIHR conducted two TAHCLE ToT motivated crimes and to inform about the implementation sessions for the representatives of the Spanish National of TAHCLE. In total, ODIHR held meetings with 22 Police and Civil Guards in Madrid. The training gathered 61 (11 women and 11 men) representatives from 14 CSO participants (14 women and 47 men) and covered the key representatives working on hate crime, discrimination, aspects of addressing hate crimes, including defining hate hate speech and providing support to refugees and crimes, bias indicators, investigation aspects and victim migrants, LGBTI Roma and Muslim communities, ten support, as well as practical sessions for the future trainers. MoI representatives, (three women and seven men) • On 4 April, ODIHR delivered an awareness-raising seminar for senior representatives of the Czech Police and 45 Training Against Hate Crimes for Law Enforcement (TAHCLE) - http://www.osce. org/odihr/tahcle. MoI in Prague. The event gathered 26 participants (six

137  women and 20 men) from the National Organized Crime the police and the PGO expressed an interest in ODIHR’s Agency, Bureau of Criminal Police and Investigations, trainings on hate crimes. Police Education and Training Unit, police schools, regional departments of combating common crimes, and In addition, ODIHR involved law enforcement in the public order departments. In particular, a demonstration- framework of its capacity-building efforts to improve the training on hate crimes was organized, including some skills of prosecutors in improving their response to hate of the key modules from the TAHCLE curriculum. A crimes. discussion focused on issues such as the role of police as ‘first respondents’ to hate crimes, ensuring response • On 17 December, ODIHR co-organized a Hate Crime to manifestations of intolerance and the lack of trust in Awareness-Raising Workshop with the Academy of police by marginalized communities leading to the under- Justice of Armenia. The workshop focused on introducing reporting of hate crimes. the PAHCT programme and raising awareness about hate crime and ODIHR’s programmes and tools to address From 11 to 13 June, ODIHR conducted a needs assessment this multi-dimensional phenomenon. The event gathered visit to Prague and Brno on collecting the necessary representatives of the GPO, police, Special Investigation information prior to the implementation of joint TAHCLE Service, judiciary, Office of the Human Rights Defender, and Prosecutors and Hate Crimes Training (PAHCT) Academy and civil society, including women’s and LGBTI programmes in the Czech Republic. ODIHR met with 28 CSOs (14 women and 17 men). ODIHR also met with interlocutors (12 women and 16 men) from the MoI, MoJ, police senior management who expressed an interest in GPO, Police Presidium, and civil society. The visit confirmed implementing the TAHCLE and PAHCT programmes in the need to implement both programmes and that training parallel with each other. was required for police and prosecutors in recognizing, recording, investigating, and prosecuting hate crimes. A In 2019, ODIHR continued its co-operation with meeting with police senior management confirmed the strong participating States on improving their hate crime data interest by the government to implement both programmes collection systems. ODIHR organized workshops in Bulgaria in parallel. and Spain with the aim of understanding and improving hate crime recording and data collection. The workshops were • From 3 to 5 July, ODIHR delivered an international based on the principles outlined in ODIHR’s Hate Crime TAHCLE ToT session in Warsaw. The event gathered Data Collection and Monitoring Mechanisms: A Practical experts and future TAHCLE trainers (nine women Guide46 as translated into its capacity-building programme and seven men) from 12 participating States, aimed “Improving Hate Crimes Recording and Data Collection at developing the skills of the selected future trainers (INFAHCT)”47. in effectively addressing hate crimes in line with the TAHCLE methodology. • From 19 to 21 June, co-hosted with the FRA and Bulgarian MFA, ODIHR organized an INFAHCT workshop in Sofia In 2019, ODIHR supported Ukrainian police in improving to introduce a system for recording hate crimes in the the methodology for responding to hate crimes. On 28 Bulgarian police. The event included a high-level awareness- May, ODIHR launched two new publications for police raising event addressing hate crimes in Bulgaria, attended and prosecutors on recording and investigating hate crimes by 30 participants (11 women and 19 men), including entitled Categorizing and Investigating Hate Crimes in the Minister of Interior and Deputy Ministers of Foreign Ukraine: A Practical Guide, and its Annex Bias Indicators: Affairs and Justice, Chief Police Commissioner and Chair A Practical Tool for Police. The launch event in Kyiv of the Commission for Protection against Discrimination. brought together 21 participants (eight women and 13 A working level workshop followed, which resulted in men), representing various police departments, Prosecutor a series of recommendations, summarized by ODIHR General’s Office (PGO), MoIA, European Union Advisory and EU FRA in a report subsequently delivered to the Mission Ukraine (EUAM), OSCE Special Monitoring Mission Bulgarian authorities. to Ukraine and a number of CSOs. Participants discussed the dissemination and implementation of both guides, with • From 7 to 8 May, ODIHR facilitated a day-and-a-half the police, MoIA and PGO agreeing to disseminate the INFAHCT workshop in Madrid. The workshop was co- publications to the broadest possible range of end-users. The organized by ODIHR, FRA and the Hate Crime Unit of National Police Human Rights Department in the MoI and PGO committed to specific follow-up initiatives to improve 46 www.osce.org/odihr/datacollectionguide. the recording and investigation of hate crimes. Furthermore, 47 www.osce.org/odihr/infahct.

138  Appendix 1

the Spanish MoI. It brought together 25 participants (12 initiatives and university teaching approaches in women and 13 men), among them ODIHR’s National Point addressing hate crimes. of Contact on Hate Crimes from the Spanish Observatory on Racism and Xenophobia, police and Guardia Civil • From 4 to 5 December, ODIHR contributed to the officers specialized in hate crimes, intelligence officers, International Law Enforcement Academy “Countering hate crime prosecutors, MoI officials, police data and Bias-Motivated Crimes (Hate Crimes) training” in statistics experts and civil society representatives. As a Budapest. The annual training event on hate crimes, result of the workshop, participants drafted a series of facilitated by three Atlanta police officers (one woman recommendations, summarized by ODIHR and FRA in a and two men) and ODIHR, gathered police officers as report submitted to the Spanish authorities. well as prosecutors from Slovakia, Hungary, Moldova, and Romania (11 women and 23 men). The participants Furthermore, ODIHR contributed to a number of events on ranged from frontline police officers, to police senior hate crime related topics: management and representatives of prosecutor generals’ offices. ODIHR contributed with a session on its work on • From 1 to 3 October, ODIHR contributed to the CEPOL hate crimes, including on providing opinions on draft hate Course “Policing the Impact of Migration - Public crime legislation, guidance for police and prosecutors, Order, Hate Crime, Integration” by delivering a lecture work on recording and data collection, challenges related on “Combating Racism and Xenophobia: legislation to the comprehensive approach to hate crimes, ODIHR’s and policies, hate crimes against migrants”. During TAHCLE and PAHCT training programmes. their lecture, ODIHR introduced the OSCE hate crimes concept, the impact of hate crimes, and discussed the In 2019, ODIHR continued to strengthen the capacity of role of the law enforcement to prevent and address such participating States and civil society to prevent and respond crimes and the key international obligations related to it. to the phenomena of anti-Semitism, including through The discussion that followed shared experiences of various addressing hate crimes and strengthening the security countries on addressing hate crimes. The 26 participants concerns of Jewish communities. (seven women and 19 men) included police officers, border guards, prosecutors, and reception services’ staff • From 18 to 19 March, ODIHR contributed to the working with migrants. Conference on “Circle of Security and Resilience”, organized by the European Jewish Congress Security and • From 17 to 18 October, ODIHR participated at the 5th Crisis Centre, held in Brussels. The conference brought Independent Police Complaints’ Authority Network together 67 (15 women and 52 men) representatives Seminar on “Relations of the police and the population: from the law enforcement agencies, Jewish community, challenges and practices” in Paris. ODIHR presented its and academia. The topics discussed by 18 speakers activities in relation to police, Roma, and Sinti and on hate (four women and 14 men) focused on the role of law crimes and hate incidents. The event was co-organized enforcement and international CSOs in providing security by FRA and the French institution ‘Défenseur des droits’ to Jewish communities, the threats to security, and tools and was aimed at 200 participants from the police and to increase such security, such as the technology of safe other criminal justice agencies, independent police cities. During the event, ODIHR presented its work on oversight bodies, including equality bodies, International addressing anti-Semitic hate crimes, its tools and projects, organizations and CSOs. The event addressed thematic and areas for potential co-operation with civil society and issues such as discriminatory police practices and law enforcement authorities. unlawful profiling, victims and vulnerable groups, and the management of public demonstrations. • On 2 April, ODIHR organized an awareness-raising event in Brussels entitled “Responding to anti-Semitic • From 22 to 23 October, ODIHR contributed to the annual hate crimes and addressing the security needs of Jewish “Regional Conference on Hate Crimes in South-Eastern communities in Belgium”. Co-organized with the Federal Europe” focusing on hate crime education, organized by Public Service of Justice of Belgium and in co-operation the Mission to Serbia in Belgrade. The event gathered with the Jewish Museum of Belgium, the event brought participants and speakers from Serbia, North Macedonia, together 61 participants (23 women and 38 men), including BiH and Kosovo, including government experts, government and law enforcement representatives, and prosecutors, police officers, civil society, and youth. Jewish community members. The aim of the event was to Panel sessions focused on training judges, prosecutors, discuss the security challenges facing Jewish communities, and police respectively, as well as on awareness-raising share best practice, identify opportunities on improving

139  governmental responses to anti-Semitic hate crimes, and In 2019, ODIHR delivered a number of training courses formulate recommendations in relation to co-operation focusing on the link between the protection of human between the authorities and Jewish communities on rights and effectiveness of measures to prevent and counter matters of security. terrorism and VERLT. ODIHR also continued to develop its menu of training courses in this field. Public Order and Crisis Management In 2019, ODIHR presented the main findings and ODIHR continued to work with TNTD/SPMU and recommendations from its fourth assembly monitoring TNTD/ATU in developing an additional standardized cycle48. The report identified the main gaps and challenges, training programme based on the OSCE Guidebook on as well as best practice on how participating States met their Preventing Terrorism and Countering Violent Extremism commitments on freedom of peaceful assembly. In addition, and Radicalization that Leads to Terrorism: A Community ODIHR initiated its fifth assembly monitoring cycle and Policing Approach50. From 1 to 3 April 2019, in co-operation visited Demark and UK as first countries included in this with the Presence in Albania and the support of TNTD monitoring cycle. The main findings and recommendations and ICITAP, ODIHR organized a pilot training in Tirana. of these exercises will be published in a thematic report in Participants were 23 community police officers and five the end of 2020. civil society representatives. The training programme included sessions on the main features of terrorism and During 2019, 21 civil society members from Ukraine VERLT and drivers towards terrorist radicalization, the (eight women, 13 men) participated in ODIHR training international human rights framework and rights at stake workshops, which assisted them to increase their skills in in P/C VERLT, risks arising, for example, from stereotypes independent assembly monitoring techniques. Specifically, and discriminatory profiling, and police engagement with 27 representatives from civil society and FOs (13 women community representatives and civil society in P/C VERLT, and 14 men) from various participating States exchanged including women’s organizations and youth groups. experiences and identified ways of co-operation at ODIHR’s fourth assembly monitoring roundtable event held in July in From 24 to 25 June, ODIHR delivered a training on “Protecting Vienna. Human Rights while Countering Terrorism Effectively” in Tashkent for 15 law enforcement officers involved in counter- In 2019, ODIHR trained 66 mid-level police commanders terrorism work (12 men and three women). From 27 to 28 and police commanders in Armenia and Georgia (9 women, June, in co-operation with TNTD/SPMU, ODIHR conducted 57 men) to increase their knowledge and skills in facilitating an interactive and operationally oriented advanced training assemblies while upholding human rights. In addition, the course on Human Rights in Counter-Terrorism Investigations reach of ODIHR’s Human Rights Handbook on Policing in Tashkent. The participants (11 men and one woman) were Assemblies expanded via the development of new translations law enforcement officers involved in the investigation of into the Georgian, Armenian and Romanian languages49. terrorism-related offences or working in relevant national training institutions. The advanced course applied police decision-making models to real-life case scenarios and examined human rights considerations at the different stages Activities Related to Threats of a counter-terrorism investigation. The curriculum of the advanced course was developed as part of a joint ODIHR Posed by Criminal Activity and TNTD/SPMU project in 2016/2017 on the basis of their joint publication Human Rights in Counter-Terrorism Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT Investigations: A Practical Manual for Law Enforcement In 2019, through its Human Rights and Anti-Terrorism Officers51. Programme, ODIHR continued to provide a broad range of activities, including expert advice and policy guidance as From 27 to 29 November, upon the request of the Spanish well as capacity-building for law enforcement officers, and to authorities, ODIHR conducted a training on “Protecting assist participating States in the implementation of human Human Rights and Effectively Countering Violent Extremism rights-compliant counter-terrorism policies and practices. and Radicalization that May Leads to Terrorism” for officers of the Local Police in Albacete and surrounding districts. During the training, participants analysed the risks stemming

48 https://www.osce.org/odihr/430793?download=true 50 https://www.osce.org/secretariat/111438. 49 https://www.osce.org/odihr/226981. 51 https://www.osce.org/odihr/108930.

140  Appendix 1

from human rights violations and their negative impact on rights-based approaches. The panel discussion highlighted the the short- and long-term effectiveness of policing. approach of European and other international stakeholders in assisting EU countries in improving the early identification In addition, ODIHR contributed specific human rights of child victims and developing their investigative capacity, expertise to a number of national and regional events, while ensuring the protection of victims and the respect of with a view to promoting human rights compliance in their rights. P/C VERLT in the countries concerned. In June, ODIHR participated in a national seminar on VERLT in Georgia From 22 to 24 April, ODIHR conducted a training on the inter- and in an interregional conference on VERLT in Mongolia. linkages between proactive identification and investigation Furthermore, ODIHR took part in several TNTD/ATU of trafficking cases in Tashkent. The training was attended national workshops on the use of the Internet for terrorist by 18 participants, which included (three women and 15 purposes - in January in Uzbekistan, and in August in men) police officers, border guards, prosecutors, judges and Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. As a result of the January representatives from the MFA, Ministry of Labour, and civil workshop, at the request of the Office of the Project Co- society. ordinator in Uzbekistan, ODIHR reviewed the regulatory framework concerning the country’s measures in countering Border Security and Management / the use of the Internet for terrorist purposes52. Customs On 21 June, ODIHR participated in the OSCE BMSC Trafficking in Human Beings organized roundtable on “Co-operation in countering the From 16 to 18 October, during a Europol conference held in threat of trafficking in human beings in context of border Lisbon, ODIHR delivered presentations on combating THB, security and management”, organized in Dushanbe. During and its work on NRMs for Children, focusing on the best the roundtable, ODIHR delivered a presentation on human interests of the child, trauma, and gender sensitive and human rights principles in border management and the identification of vulnerable groups.

52 Between October and December 2019, ODIHR published three separate legal analyses in that context: its comments on the counter-terrorism law, on the so-called “anti- From 22 to 24 October, ODIHR delivered a session on bias, extremism” law and on relevant mass media regulations. The three sets of comments profiling, and stereotypes in border security at the OSCE are available at: https://www.legislationline.org/odihr-documents/page/legal-reviews/ country/55/Uzbekistan/show. Border Security and Management Training for Mediterranean

ODIHR – Police-Related Activities 2019

16 18 Analysis of Lessons Training Total 45 Learned, Assessments Information and Guidelines Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 25

ACTIVITIES ON:

General Police Development and Reform 91%

Threats posed by Criminal Activity 9%

141  Partners for Co-operation, organized in Madrid by TNTD/ BSMU and the Spanish police.

On 25 September, ODIHR presented on human rights and ethics in policing at the meeting of OSCE HoLEDs in Vienna.

On 20 November, ODIHR presented on international standards and the right to work free from violence and harassment at the Annual Police Networks Meeting. Both meetings were organized by TNTD/SPMU.

142 APPENDIX 2

OSCE main Co-operation Partners on Police-Related Activities

Relaying on the Platform for Co-operative Security adopted • Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed in 1999 by the participating States, in 2019 the OSCE Forces (DCAF) executive structures worked co-operatively with the UN, its structures and other international and regional organization • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) on police-related activities. The major international and regional partner organizations in 2019 included: • International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)

• Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination • International Organization for Migration (IOM) Centre for Combating Illicit Trafficking of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and their Precursors (CARICC) • OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ACN) • Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) • Shanghai Co-operation Organization (SCO) • Council of Europe (CoE) • United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT) • Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (EAG) • United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations (UNDPKO) • European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) • European External Action Service (EEAS) • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) • European Union (EU) • United States International Criminal Investigative • European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training Assistance Program (ICITAP) Cooperation (Europol) • United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research • European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training Institute (UNICRI) (CEPOL) • World Customs Organization (WCO) • Financial Action Task Force (FATF)

143  Appendix 2

A P P E ND IX 3

OSCE MC and PC Decisions and Action Plans with a Focus on Police Related Activities

Taskings on police-related issues are contained in OSCE among and between participating States regarding lessons Summit Decisions as well as in the growing list of Decisions learned and best policing practices in countering these new of the Ministerial Council and the Permanent Council, security challenges. including a number of OSCE Action Plans. The Bucharest Plan of Action for Combating Terrorism The latest comprehensive set of OSCE mandates on police- (2001), adopted on the same occasion as the above Decision related activities was adopted in 2012 with the Dublin on police-related activities, recognized the need to assist MC Decision No. 4/12 on the OSCE’s Efforts to Address participating States, on their request, through measures to Transnational Threats, which endorsed four PC decisions combat trafficking in human beings, drugs and small arms from 2012, including the OSCE Strategic Framework for and light weapons, in accordance with relevant Permanent Police-Related Activities (PC.DEC/1049) and the OSCE Council decisions. This assistance could also include Concept for Combating the Threat of Illicit Drugs and the provision of advice and assistance on restructuring and/or Diversion of Chemical Precursors (PC.DEC/1048). With reconstruction of police services; monitoring and training the adoption of these decisions, the participating States of existing police services, including human rights training; reaffirmed the key role that OSCE police-related activities and capacity-building, including support for integrated or play in the Organization’s efforts to address threats to security multi-ethnic police services. To this end, the plan of action and stability posed by criminal activity, as well as its efforts in acknowledged the requirement for reinforcing existing the areas of conflict prevention, crisis management and post- police-related activities in conflict prevention, crisis conflict rehabilitation in the OSCE area. management and post-conflict rehabilitation.

The Charter for European Security adopted by the Istanbul In its Decision No. 448 (2001), the Permanent Council Summit Meeting (1999) represents the platform for the decided to establish the seconded post of Senior Police OSCE involvement in policing. It contains the commitment Adviser in the OSCE Secretariat. of the OSCE participating States to enhance the OSCE’s role in civilian police-related activities as an integral part In the Declaration on Trafficking in Human Beings adopted of the Organization’s efforts in conflict prevention, crisis by the Tenth Ministerial Council of the OSCE (Porto 2002), management and post-conflict rehabilitation. Such activities its members called on participating States to enhance may comprise the following: (1) police monitoring, including international co-operation in combating criminal acts to prevent police from discriminating due to religious and such as trafficking in drugs and arms, as well as smuggling ethnic identity; (2) police training, which could, inter alia, of migrants. They emphasized the need to include in this aim to improve the operational and tactical capabilities of cooperation international law enforcement bodies such as local police services and reform paramilitary forces, provide Europol and INTERPOL, as well as the Southeast European new and modern policing skills, such as community policing, Cooperative Initiative (SECI), with a view to investigating and and anti-drug, anti-corruption and anti-terrorist capacities, prosecuting those responsible for trafficking in human beings create a police service with a multi-ethnic and/or multi- in accordance with domestic law and, where applicable, religious composition that can enjoy the confidence of the international obligations. In this regard, they also asked the entire population; and (3) promoting respect for human Senior Police Adviser to devote increased attention to the rights and fundamental freedoms in general. fight against trafficking in human beings.

The Ninth Ministerial Council in Bucharest (2001) declared This tasking was further detailed in the OSCE Action Plan the OSCE’s decision to increase and promote cooperation to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, which requested among participating States in countering new security the SPMU to further promote the concept of community challenges, including by providing advice or arranging for policing and facilitate the exchange of information between the provision of expert advice on requirements for effective participating States on best practices to be used by relevant policing (needs assessments) and how to meet them, and investigating units to check the possibly criminal and encouraging where appropriate the exchange of information trafficking-related origin of suspicious assets. The SPMU

144  Appendix 3

was also tasked to continue developing training materials for United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized law enforcement on trafficking and sex crimes investigation, Crime and its Protocols. The Decision also tasked the OSCE identify law enforcement trainers to conduct training, and Permanent Council to work on designing, with the support facilitate the funding of training sessions for law enforcement of the Secretary General and the relevant OSCE institutions, authorities in OSCE participating States. possible measures and forms of assistance that could be available to requesting participating States with a view to One of the aspects of policing of ethnic minorities was improving and promoting the functioning of criminal justice addressed by the OSCE Action Plan on Improving the systems. Situation of Roma and Sinti within the OSCE Area (2003). The SPMU was tasked to assist participating States in developing Ljubljana Ministerial Decision No. 15/05 on Preventing and programmes and CBMs, such as community policing, to Combating Violence against Women urged participating improve the relations between Roma and Sinti people and States, with support and assistance of the OSCE, to take all the police, particularly at the local level, and to produce a necessary legislative, policy and programmatic monitoring compilation of police best practices in the OSCE region and evaluation measures to promote and protect full with respect to policing and Roma and Sinti communities. enjoyment of the human rights of women, and to prevent and Another established task was to assist the participating States combat all forms of gender-based violence against them. The in developing codes of conduct to prevent racial profiling and decision also tasked the Permanent Council to encourage the improve inter-ethnic relations. development by relevant OSCE institutions and structures of programmes, projects and policies to assist participating The OSCE Strategy to Address Threats to Security and States, at their request, in combating violence against women Stability in the Twenty-First Century, adopted by the 11th and girls and providing assistance to victims. Ministerial Council in Maastricht in 2003 stated that the SPMU was set up to improve the capacity of participating The Ljubljana Ministerial Council also adopted the OSCE States to address threats posed by criminal activity and Border Security and Management Concept, which first to assist them in upholding the rule of law. The aim was to and foremost provides participating States with a political enhance key policing skills, including respect for human framework for their co-operation on border-related issues. It rights and fundamental freedoms. provides objectives and principles for this cooperation and finally defines modalities for OSCE activities in this area. The 2004 OSCE Action Plan for the Promotion of Gender The OSCE “acts upon the request of participating States” to Equality, adopted by the 12th Ministerial Council of the ensure dialogue on border-related issues through, inter alia, OSCE (Sofia 2004), urged the participating States, the “exchange of information, experience and best practices”, the Secretariat, institutions and field operations to ensure that establishment of a National Focal Points Network, holding of a gender perspective is integrated into OSCE activities, workshops and conferences. programmes and projects. The aim shall be to promote the practice of gender equality in the OSCE area, which Permanent Council Decision No. 758 Enhancing International is essential to comprehensive security. In this context, Anti-Drug Co-operation (2006) tasked the Secretary General the SPMU was specifically tasked to enhance its project and relevant OSCE institutions with providing participating development to assist participating States in reacting to sexual States, upon their request and in close consultation and violence offences and in including elements such as special coordination with UNODC, with assistance/advice on investigation techniques, and interview skills designated for antidrug issues, inter alia, through awareness-raising use with victims of sexual assault including children, and activities, the organization of regional workshops and information on referral mechanisms for victim assistance, in facilitation of training. the police training curriculum. The Decision on Combating Sexual Exploitation of Children The fight against organized crime came to the forefront adopted by the 14th Ministerial Council of the OSCE (Brussels of OSCE priorities during 2005 and was recognized in a 2006) encouraged relevant OSCE executive structures, Decision on Combating Transnational Organized Crime within their existing mandates, to devote attention to the adopted by the 13th Ministerial Council of the OSCE area of sexual exploitation of children, including links to (Ljubljana 2005). It tasked the OSCE Secretary General with trafficking in persons, and emphasized the need for them and providing the requesting participating States with support the participating States to co-operate with other international for the mobilization of technical assistance, including the organizations, NGOs and civil society in combating the necessary expertise and resources, from relevant competent sexual exploitation of children. international organizations for the implementation of the

145  The 14th Ministerial Council of the OSCE (Brussels 2006) possible co-operation options, in co-ordination with the UN adopted the follow-up Decision on Organized Crime, and other relevant regional and international organizations reaffirming the importance that the OSCE was giving to and other actors. this subject. The Decision’s tasking to the OSCE Secretary General and the relevant OSCE executive structures, At the Helsinki Ministerial Council in December 2008, the within their respective mandates, included giving enhanced participating States turned their attention once again to the attention to the key role of criminal justice systems in issue of Trafficking in Human Beings. Decision No. 5/08 institution-building and in the promotion of the rule of law, on Enhancing Criminal Justice Responses to Trafficking as well as co-operating and co-ordinating more closely in in Human Beings Through a Comprehensive Approach order to take better into account the interaction between emphasized the need for training on combating trafficking in the components of those systems. A further major task was human beings for law enforcement personnel and urged the to build on and consolidate the knowledge and experience participating States inter alia to ensure co-operation between on criminal justice and organized crime, and to continue law enforcement agencies and other relevant actors at the co-operating with UNODC in matters including combating national and international level, and “to intensify measures to organized crime and illicit drugs. disrupt trafficking networks, including by means of financial investigations, investigations of money laundering connected Recalling the Ministerial Council Decisions Nos. 3/05 to human trafficking and the freezing and confiscation of the (Ljubljana) on combating transnational organized crime, assets of human traffickers”. and 5/06 (Brussels) on organized crime, Permanent Council Decision No. 810 (2007) on Implementation of the United Reaffirming the participating States’ commitment to Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime proactively implement the OSCE Action Plan for the tasked the Secretary General to support the implementation Promotion of Gender Equality and recalling Ljubljana of the UNTOC convention in co-operation with UNODC, Ministerial Council Decisions on Women in Conflict and to organize a workshop in co-operation and coordination Prevention, Crisis Management and Post-Conflict with the Secretariat of the Conference of the Parties to the Rehabilitation, and on Preventing and Combating Violence UNTOC. against Women, the 17th Ministerial Council of the OSCE (Athens 2009), in its Decision on Women’s Participation in Permanent Council Decision No. 813 (2007) on Combating Political and Public Life, called on the participating States to the Threat of Illicit Drugs and Precursors emphasized consider providing for specific measure to achieve the goal of the continuing spread of illicit trafficking of opiates from gender balance in all legislative, judicial and executive bodies, Afghanistan and chemical precursors throughout the OSCE including police services. area. The Permanent Council called on the Secretary General to further develop co-operation in the field of anti-drug Acknowledging the “[…] diverse and multifaceted OSCE matters with UNODC, the Paris Pact and other relevant work, experience and lessons learned in the policing field, international structures and organizations by, inter alia, in particular the work of the SPMU and the field operations organizing joint regional and sub-regional workshops and within their respective mandates”, the Permanent Council, other activities. Furthermore, the Secretary General was in its Decision 914/09, adopted in Athens, expressed its tasked with continuing training activities on drug-related conviction that the time had come to take stock of what had matters. been done so far in policing and to “[…] initiate a thorough dialogue on how to further enhance police-related activities The need for continuing training of Afghan police officers in within the OSCE.” The Permanent Council tasked the addition to providing assistance to Afghanistan in the fields Secretary General, “[…] within existing resources and in of border security and combating drug trafficking was also consultation with relevant OSCE executive structures, to a core topic of the Ministerial Decision No. 4/07 on OSCE prepare a report on police-related activities of the OSCE Engagement with Afghanistan (Madrid). Participating executive structures up to the end of 2009”. The report States tasked the Secretary General to provide support for was to be based partly on the annual reports on police- intensifying the involvement of Afghan counterparts in related activities, reflecting existing mandates and OSCE OSCE activities related to the fields of border security and commitments, and was “[…] to include an assessment of those management, policing and the fight against drug trafficking, activities and a forward looking perspective, offering long- and those in the training facilities in Central Asia and in the term strategic recommendations”. Moreover, the Permanent rest of the OSCE area. While tasked to avoid unnecessary Council decided that this report would be further discussed duplication of existing efforts of other international actors, during the next Annual Police Experts Meeting in May 2010 the Secretary General was also mandated to explore all as well as at the 2010 Annual Security Review Conference.

146  Appendix 3

The Athens Ministerial Council Decision No. 2/09 on To further strengthen the OSCE’s efforts to address Further OSCE Efforts to Address Transnational Threats transnational threats, the Dublin Ministerial Council adopted and Challenges to Security and Stability took note of, inter Decision No. 4/12 in December 2012. This so called ‘chapeau’ alia, the OSCE’s contribution to international efforts to decision endorses four decisions which had been adopted fight organized crime through the provision of relevant in 2012 by the Permanent Council on the Development of law enforcement expertise and assistance to participating confidence-building measures to reduce the risks of conflict States and called for exploring further ways to strengthen stemming from the use of information and communication synergies in OSCE activities against transnational threats, technologies (PC Decision No. 1039), the OSCE Concept addressing them in a comprehensive and cross-dimensional for Combating the Threat of Illicit Drugs and the Diversion manner and focusing on areas, where the OSCE has a of Chemical Precursors (PC Decision No. 1048), the OSCE comparative advantage and can complement the work of Strategic Framework for Police-Related Activities (PC other international organizations. Decision No. 1049) and finally, the OSCE Consolidated Framework for the Fight against Terrorism (PC Decision No. “Recalling that the OSCE, as a regional arrangement under 1063). Chapter VIII of the Charter of the UN and as a primary organization for the peaceful settlement of disputes within In the PC Decision No. 1039 on the Development of its region, is a key instrument for early warning, conflict Confidence-Building Measures to Reduce the Risks of Conflict prevention and resolution, crisis management and post- Stemming from the Use of Information and Communication conflict rehabilitation”, the participating States, in the 2011 Technologies, the Permanent Council “decides to step up Vilnius Ministerial Council Decision No. 3/11 on Elements individual and collective efforts to address security in the use of the Conflict Cycle, Related to Enhancing the OSCE’s of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in a Capabilities in Early Warning, Early Action, Dialogue comprehensive and cross-dimensional manner in accordance Facilitation and Mediation Support, and Post-Conflict with OSCE commitments and in co-operation with relevant Rehabilitation, reiterated “[…] that the OSCE’s ability international organizations. The PC further tasks the OSCE to deploy civilian, police or unarmed military expertise Chairmanship to establish an open-ended, informal OSCE rapidly is essential to effective conflict prevention, crisis working group under the auspices of the Security Committee management and post-conflict rehabilitation”, and expressed to elaborate a set of draft CBMs to enhance interstate their expectation for “[…] the OSCE Chairmanship and the cooperation, transparency, predictability, and stability, executive structures to take full advantage of their respective and to reduce the risks of misperception, escalation, and mandates to address all phases of the conflict cycle” and conflict that may stem from the use of ICT; and to help build while urging the Chairmanship and participating States to consensus for the adoption of such a set of CBMs in 2012”. use, swiftly and to the greatest extent possible, all available tools and procedures as applicable to a particular crisis or The OSCE Concept for Combatting the Threat of Illicit Drugs conflict situation […].” and the Diversion of Chemical Precursors (PC Decision No. 1048) identifies areas and activities for a short-, medium- “Reiterating the determination expressed by Heads of State and long-term engagement in combating the threat of illicit or Government of the OSCE participating States in the 2010 drugs and the diversion of chemical precursors that requires Astana [now Nur-Sultan] Commemorative Declaration: sustained efforts, and establishes a political framework for Towards a Security Community to achieve greater unity comprehensive action by the OSCE participating States and of purpose and action in facing emerging transnational the OSCE executive structures to combat this threat. The threats, such as terrorism, organized crime, illegal migration, Concept stresses the participating States’ commitments to proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, cyber threats support the implementation of the respective international and the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons, obligations in this area, with a particular focus on the related drugs and human beings”, the Vilnius Ministerial Council, UN Conventions and decisions. It also sets principles and in Decision No. 9/11 on Strengthening Co-ordination and major objectives of co-operation, and provides a platform Coherence in the OSCE’s Efforts to Address Transnational for OSCE’s co-operation with international organizations Threats welcomed “the proposals by the Secretary General and partners in recognition of the important role played included in the 2012 Unified Budget Proposal for the creation by civil society, including the media and nongovernmental of a department to address transnational threats, consistent organizations, in addressing drug-related crimes, as well with the OSCE’s mandates and within available resources, as preventive measures aimed at reducing drug abuse and with a view to ensuring better coordination, strengthened dependence, and drug-related harm to health and society, coherence and more efficient use of the OSCE’s resources in especially to children and young people. According to the addressing transnational threats […].” Concept, the participating States’ co-operation will include,

147  inter alia, the exchange of best practices and scientific improve interagency and external co-ordination mechanisms evidence-based information on combating the threat of illicit in this area.” drugs; as well as the facilitation and promotion of cross- border interaction between relevant criminal justice agencies In 2013, the participating States, with PC Dec. No. 1106 and other competent national structures of the participating adopted the Addendum to the OSCE Action Plan to Combat States in the prevention, identification, suppression, Trafficking in Human Beings: One Decade Later, which detection and investigation of drug-related crimes, and the amends the 2003 Action Plan, providing the participating apprehension and extradition of criminals in accordance States with an updated toolkit to combat all forms of THB, with existing legal frameworks. and helping to address the current and emerging THB trends and patterns, as well as the most pressing challenges related The OSCE Strategic Framework for Police-Related Activities to the prosecution of the crime, its prevention, and protection defines the Organization’s priorities in this area, such of trafficked persons. as police development and reform and the fight against organized transnational crime, including trafficking in illicit In 2013, the participating States adopted the Initial Set of drugs and precursors, trafficking in human beings, the sexual OSCE Confidence-Building Measures to Reduce the Risks exploitation of children on the internet, and cybercrime, of Conflict Stemming from the Use of Information and within a wider OSCE approach to security. Through needs Communication Technologies (PC Decision No. 1106) in assessment, capacity-building, institution building, training order to enhance interstate co-operation, transparency, and evaluation the OSCE will assist the law enforcement predictability and stability and to reduce the risks of agencies of the participating States to address the threats misperception, escalation and conflict that may stem from posed by criminal activity. All of these activities will be done the use of information and communication technologies. in line with the promotion of the principles of democratic According to the decision, the participating States will policing, such as the importance of the rule of law; due respect voluntarily facilitate co-operation among the competent for human rights and fundamental freedoms, including national bodies; share information on measures that they gender and minority issues; police-public partnerships; have taken to ensure an open, interoperable, secure and effective and accountable criminal justice systems; and reliable internet; and use the OSCE as a platform for dialogue, enhanced criminal justice co-operation among participating exchange of best practices, awareness raising and information States and international and regional organizations. The on capacity-building regarding security of and in the use of decision highlights the importance of co-operation with ICTs, including effective responses to related threats. governmental authorities as well as civil society, in a long- term approach, that fosters local commitment and ownership The 2014 Basel Ministerial Council adopted several decisions to as well as sustainability of police-related programme and declarations related to policing activities. achievements. The Basel Ministerial Decision No. 5/14 on the Prevention The OSCE Consolidated Framework for the Fight against of Corruption underlines, inter alia, “the central role played Terrorism (PC Decision No. 1063) further strengthens the by law enforcement bodies and judicial institutions in profile of the Organization in the struggle against terrorism. preventing and combating corruption” and encourages the The Decision builds on relevant decisions of the Ministerial relevant OSCE executive structures to facilitate the exchange Council and highlights the OSCE’s anti-terrorism profile of best practices in the prevention of corruption among listing comparative advantages of the Organization. The participating States upon their request. Decision provides guidance for the Organization outlining strategic focus areas for counter-terrorism activities. The Basel Ministerial Decision No. 7/14 on Preventing Therewith the Decision is a roadmap for any further OSCE and Combating Violence against Women reaffirms earlier action to be taken in the area of countering terrorism. commitments to prevent and combat violence against women, including domestic violence, and calls on participating In the 2012 Dublin Ministerial Declaration on Strengthening States to improve their legal frameworks for preventing and Good Governance and Combating Corruption, Money combatting such violence and to collect and make public data Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism, the participating and statistics regarding all forms of violence against women. States encourage the OCEEA and the TNTD “within their It encourages participating States to enhance awareness- respective mandates to assist the participating States, at their raising and other prevention programmes, to ensure the request, in their efforts to counter money laundering and the protection of victims of all forms of violence against women financing of terrorism, including through the development, and to “strengthen the efforts to investigate, prosecute and adoption and implementation of legislation and practices to punish the perpetrators of all forms of violence against

148  Appendix 3

women and provide victims with protection and appropriate The Belgrade Ministerial Council Declaration No. 3/15 on remedies.” The decision tasks the OSCE executive structures Reinforcing OSCE Efforts to Counter Terrorism in the Wake to assist participating States, at their request, to facilitate the of the Recent Terrorist Attacks condemns all terrorist attacks exchange of information, improve co-ordination and provide and reaffirms the OSCE’s commitments to remain united in technical assistance and training to help participating States combatting terrorism, while underscoring the respect for fulfil these goals. human rights, fundamental freedoms, and the rule of law as complementary to effective counter-terrorism measures. The Basel Ministerial Council Declaration No. 5/14 on the OSCE Role in Countering the Phenomenon of Foreign The Belgrade Ministerial Council Declaration No. 4/15 Terrorist Fighters in the Context of the Implementation of on Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism and UN Security Council Resolutions 2170 (2014) and 2178 Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism calls upon participating (2014) calls upon the OSCE executive structures, inter States to strengthen and adapt their efforts to counter violent alia, “to offer assistance in capacity-building activities to extremism and radicalization that lead to terrorism and to the requesting participating States, in accordance with support a multi-dimensional approach, including community Permanent Council Decision No. 1063, and to organize, policing, to countering VERLT within the OSCE region. where appropriate, regional and sub-regional events to identify potential weaknesses in international legal and The Hamburg Ministerial Council Decision No. 1/16 operational co-operation mechanisms in order to foster better on Strengthening OSCE Efforts to Prevent and Counter cooperation and coordination nationally and internationally”; Terrorism underscores the central role of the UN in preventing “to continue to promote OSCE efforts to counter violent and countering terrorism, including the importance of OSCE extremism and radicalization that lead to terrorism, including commitments to the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, through community policing approaches to preventing and that participating States have the primary role in terrorism, in particular at the local level”; and “to support preventing and countering terrorism and violent extremism requesting participating States in the implementation of and radicalization that lead to terrorism (VERLT), while their commitments regarding travel document security and stressing the need for participating States to take appropriate border management and to facilitate technical assistance in steps to prevent and suppress financing of terrorism. The this field by INTEROUL and other relevant international decision also positively appreciates the implementation of organizations to requesting participating States.” the #UnitedCVE campaign, and welcomed the activities by OSCE executive structures in the field of preventing and The Basel Ministerial Council Declaration No. 6/14 on the countering terrorism. OSCE Role in Countering Kidnapping and Hostage-Taking Committed by Terrorist Groups in the Context of the The Hamburg Ministerial Council Decision No. 3/16 on Implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 2133 OSCE’s Role in the Governance of Large Movements of (2014) calls upon the OSCE executive structures to continue Migrants and Refugees encourages participating States to promoting the international legal framework against use the OSCE platform for improving dialogue on migration- terrorism, to explore ways to exchange information between related matters by developing effective measures and intelligence agencies and the criminal justice systems and to common approaches to address such matters, and encourages promote capacity-building for managing, investigating and OSCE executive structures to reinforce the exchange of best prosecuting cases of terrorist kidnapping and hostage-taking. practices and to enhance dialogue and co-operation with Partners for Co-operation. The Belgrade Ministerial Council Declaration No. 2/15 on the OSCE Activities in Support of the Global Efforts Tackling With MC Decision No. 6/16 on Enhancing the Use of the World Drug Problem states the need for a balanced and Advanced Passenger Information the OSCE participating integrated approach to tackling the world drug problem, for States commit to: 1. Establish national advance passenger further co-operation between the OSCE with UNODC, the information (API) systems in accordance with the provisions International Narcotics Control Board, and other relevant contained in ICAO’s Annex 9 to the Convention on multilateral organizations, especially with the emergence and International Civil Aviation (the Chicago Convention) and spread of dangerous new psychoactive substances and the aligned with the WCO/IATA/ICAO Guidelines on Advance diversion of chemical precursors, and for further cooperation Passenger Information (API), including those on privacy in preparation for the UN General Assembly Special Session and data protection, in order to effectively collect passenger on the world drug problem (UNGASS 2016). and/or crew data from airlines operating in their territories; 2. Consider establishing at the national level an interactive system to exchange API data (iAPI) in order to prevent

149  the movement of foreign terrorist fighters in line with UN Security Council resolutions 2178 (2014) and 2309 (2016); 3. Adhere to ICAO Document 9082 “ICAO’s Policies on Charges for Airports and Air Navigation Services” in the context of establishing an API system, recognizing that States are responsible for ensuring the implementation of adequate security measures at airports; 4. Collaborate with all relevant national stakeholders in the implementation of national- level API systems, and consider establishing one authority to receive, on behalf of all other authorities, all forms of passenger data through one single window data entry point; 5. Increase the added value of API data by seeking to establish automated cross-checking of this data against relevant national, regional and international watch lists, in particular INTERPOL databases and UN Sanctions Lists; 6. Provide assistance to support other requesting participating States in establishing an API system.

150 AP P E ND I X 4

Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACA Anti-Corruption Agency CTHB Combating Trafficking in Human ACN Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Beings Europe and Central Asia CT Counter Terrorism ACSA Agency for Civil Service Affairs CVE Countering Violent Extremism AEM Agency for Emergency Management AI Artificial Intelligence DAPC Drug Abuse Prevention Centres AML/CFT Anti-Money Laundering and DCA Drug Control Agency Combating the Financing of Terrorism DCAF Geneva Centre for the Democratic APEM Annual Police Experts Meeting Control of Armed Forces API Advance Passenger Information DGA Directorate General for Anti-corruption ASP Albanian State Police DPED Department of Police Education and ARIN-AP Asset Recovery Interagency Network - Development Asia Pacific DSPS Department for Security and Public AWKP Association of Women in Kosovo Police Safety DV Domestic Violence BAMIN Balkan Asset Management Inter- Agency Network EAG Eurasian Group on Combating Money BCP Border Crossing Points Laundering and Financing of Terrorism BCSP Border Community Security EASS Estonian Academy of Security Sciences Programme EC European Commission BiH Bosnia and Herzegovina ECPAT End Child Prostitution and Trafficking BMSC OSCE Border Management Staff EEAS European External Action Service College EMPACT European Multidisciplinary Platform BOMCA Border Management Programme in against Criminal Threats Central Asia EU European Union BORDERPOL World Border Organization EUFOR Operation Althea, formally the BSEC Black Sea Economic Co-operation European Union Force Bosnia and BSM Border Security Management Herzegovina BSM NFP OSCE Border Security and EUAM European Union Advisory Mission Management National Focal Points Ukraine Eurojust European Union’s Judicial Cooperation CA Customs Administration Unit CAA Civil Aviation Authority Europol European Union Law Enforcement CARICC Central Asian Regional Information and Agency Coordination Centre for Combating Illicit Trafficking of Narcotic Drugs, FATF Financial Action Task Force Psychotropic Substances, and their FBiH Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Precursors FC Forensic Centre CBM Confidence-Building Measure FIU Financial Intelligence Unit CEPOL European Union Agency for Law FO Field Operation Enforcement Training FRA European Union Agency for CFT Combating the Financing of Terrorism Fundamental Rights CoE Council of Europe Frontex European Border and Coast Guard CoM Council of Ministers Agency CPC OSCE Conflict Prevention Centre FSC Forum for Security Co-operation CSO Civil Society Organization FTFs Foreign Terrorist Fighters CSTO Collective Security Treaty Organization

151  GBV Gender-Based Violence MOCR Municipal Offices for Communities and GCTF Global Counterterrorism Forum Return GPML UNODC’s Global Programme against MoC Ministry of Culture Money Laundering MoD Ministry of Defence GPO General Prosecutor’s Office MoDITC Ministry of Development of Information GRETA Group of Experts on Action against Technologies and Communications Trafficking in Human Beings MoEc Ministry of Economy MoEd Ministry of Education HCNM OSCE High Commissioner for National MoED Ministry of Economic Development Minorities MoESTD Ministry of Education, Science and HoLED Heads of Law Enforcement Technological Development Departments and Programmes MoF Ministry of Finance HRAT ODIHR Human Rights and Anti- MoH Ministry of Health Terrorism Programme MoI Ministry of Interior HRM Human Resource Management MoJ Ministry of Justice HQ Headquarters MoNS Ministry of National Security MoPA Ministry of Public Administration IATA International Air Transport Association MoS Ministry of Security IBM Integrated Border Management MoSP Ministry of Social Policy ICITAP U.S. International Criminal Investigative MoSY Ministry of Sport and Youth Training Assistance Program MoU Memorandum of Understanding ICMPD International Centre for Migration MPS Model Police Stations Policy Development MSC Municipal Safety Council ICT Information and Communications mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA Technology MTT Mobile Training Team ILP Intelligence-Led Policing INL International Narcotics and Law NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Enforcement Affairs NAP National Action Plan INTERPOL International Criminal Police NCDC National Centre for Drug Control Organization NPS New Psychoactive Substances IOM International Organization for NRA National Risk Assessment Migration NRM National Referral Mechanism NSA National Security Agency JIT Joint Investigation Teams OCEEA Office of the Co-ordinator of Economic KAF Kosovo Agency on Forensic and Environmental Activities KAPS Kosovo Academy for Public Safety ODIHR Office for Democratic Institutions and KAWSS Kyrgyz Association of Women in the Human Rights Security Sector OECD Organisation for Economic Co- KCS Kosovo Correctional Service operation and Development KP Kosovo Police OFA Ohrid Framework Agreement KPCVA Kosovo Property Comparison and OI Ombudsperson Institution Verification Agency OPM Office of the Prime Minister OSR/CTHB Office of the Special Representative and LMS Learning Management System Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking LPC Local Public Councils inHuman Beings LPSC Local Public Safety Committees OSG Office of the OSCE Secretary General LSC Local Safety Councils PA Police Academy MC Ministerial Council PAHCT Prosecutors and Hate Crime Training MCSC Municipal Community Safety Council PAMECA V European Police Assistance Mission in MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs Albania MoIA Ministry of Internal Affairs

152  Appendix 4

PAN Police Academies Network TNTD/ATU Transnational Threats Department/ P/C VERLT Preventing and Countering Violent Action against Terrorism Unit Extremism that Lead to Terrorism TNTD/BSMU Transnational Threats Department/ PC Permanent Council Border Security and Management Unit PuCs Public Councils TNTD/CC Transnational Threats Department/Co- PCCC Police-Customs Co-operation Centres ordination Cell PCU OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine TNTD/SPMU Transnational Threats Department/ PCUz OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Strategic Police Matters Unit Uzbekistan ToT Training of Trainers PD Police Directorate PDU Police Development Unit UN United Nations PG CoE Co-operation Group to Combat Drug UNDP United Nations Development Abuse and Illicit Trafficking in Drugs of Programme Council of Europe’s Pompidou Group UNDP/SEESAC South Eastern and Eastern Europe PGO Prosecutor General Office Clearinghouse for the Control of Small PIK Police Inspectorate of Kosovo Arms and Light Weapons POC Points of Contact UNCTED UN Security Council Counter- PPO Public Prosecutor’s Office Terrorism Committee Executive PPS Kyrgyzstan Patrol Police Service Directorate PNR Passenger Name Record UNFPA United Nations Population Fund POLIS OSCE Policing Online Information UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund System UNICRI UN Interregional Crime and Justice PTC Police Training Centre Research Centre UNOCT United Nations Office of Counter- RS Republika Srpska Terrorism UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and SALW Small Arms and Light Weapons Crime SARA Spousal Assault Risk Assessment UNODC/GPML Global Programme against Money SBI State Bureau of Investigations Laundering SBS State Border Service UNSCR United Nations Security Council SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Resolution SCPO Serious Crimes Prosecution Office USC Una Sana Canton SCS State Customs Service SEE South-Eastern Europe WCO World Customs Organization SIA Sectors for Internal Affairs WG Working Group SIC Sector for Internal Control WPA Montenegrin Women’s Police SIS State Intelligence Service Association SMS State Migration Service SOP Standard Operating Procedures SR/CTHB Special Representative and Co- ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings SSR Security Sector Reform SSG/R Security Sector Governance and Reform SSS State Security Service

TAA Tax Administration Agency TAHCLE Training against Hate Crimes for Law Enforcement Exchange TC Training Centre TCP Trafficking in Cultural Property THB Trafficking in Human Beings TNTD Transnational Threats Department

153  APPENDIX 5

Contact Details

Thematic Units in the OSCE Secretariat dealing with Police-Related Issues

Unit Contact Person Email Phone TNTD/SPMU Mr. Arnar JENSSON Arnar.Jensson@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6691 (Police Affairs Officer) Jenni DIMITROVA Jeni.Dimitrova@osce.org +43 1 51436 6941 (Administrative Assistant) TNTD/CC Ms. Corinna Paola MARINI CorinnaPaola.Marini@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6844 (Policy and Co-ordinator Officer) polis@osce.org

TNTD/ATU Mr. Manuel EISING Manuel.Eising@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6772 (Senior Legal Counter Terrorism Adviser) TNTD/BSMU Mr. Dennis COSGROVE Dennis.Cosgrove@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6662 (Head of Border Security and Management Unit) Ms. Albina YAKUBOVA Albina.Yakubova@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6899 (Programme Management Officer) OCEEA Ms. Iris PILIKA Iris.Pilika@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6295 (Programme Officer) Programme for Ms. Leena AVONIUS Leena.Avonius@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6492 Gender Issues (Gender Adviser) OSR/CTHB Ms. Tetiana RUDENKO Tetiana.Rudenko@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6921 (Senior Co-ordinator Adviser)

OSCE Institutions dealing with Police-Related Issues

Institution Contact Person Email Phone ODIHR Mr. Johannes HEILER Johannes.Heiler@odihr.pl +48 22 5200 742 (Adviser on Anti-Terrorism Issues) Ms. Mona KOEHLER-SCHINDLER Mona.Koehler-Schindler@odihr.pl (Associate Human Rights Officer)

OSCE Field Operations dealing with Police-Related Issues

South-Eastern Europe Field Operation Department Contact Person Email Phone Presence in Security Mr. Galentin Ivanov GEORGIEV Galentin.Georgiev@osce.org +355 4 22 40 001 601 Albania Co-operation (Head of Security Co-operation Department) Mission to Security Mr. Samir BASIC Samir.Basic@osce.org +387 33 952 336 Bosnia and Co-operation (National Programme Officer) Herzegovina Mr. Bojan JANKOVIC Bojan.Jankovic@osce.org +387 33 952 230 (Programme Co-ordinator)

154  Appendix 5

Mission in Security and Mr. Edward Thomas ANDERSON Edward.Anderson@osce.org +383 38 240100 1310 Kosovo Public Safety (Director Department of Security and Public Safety) Mr. Apollon HOXHA Apollon.Hoxha@osce.org +381 38 240 100 ext. (National Chief of Analysis and 2015 Reporting Cell) Mission to Security Ms. Dragica VUCINIC dragica.vucinic@osce.org +382 20 406 404 Montenegro Co-operation (National Security Co-Operation ext. 4418 Officer) Mission to Police Affairs Mr. Umberto SEVERINI umberto.severini@osce.org +381 11 360 6207 Serbia (Head of Security Co-operation Department) Mr. Jovan PAVLOVIC jovan.pavlovic@osce.org +381 11 3606 210 (Senior Programme Assistant) Mission to Public Safety Mr. Juraj SMOLEK juraj.smolek@osce.org +389 2 3234620 Skopje and Community (Head of Public Safety and ext.3412 Outreach Community Outreach Department)

Eastern Europe Field Operation Department Contact Person Email Phone Mission to Conflict Mr. Lajos Zsolt KARAKAS Lajos.Karakas@osce.org +373 22 887 831 Moldova Prevention / (Programme Manager) Resolution Project Human Security Ms. Liliya GRUDKO Liliya.Grudko@osce.org +380 44 492 0382 3931 Co-ordinator Programme (National Programme Manager) in Ukraine

Central Asia Field Operation Department Contact Person Email Phone Centre in Conflict Mr. William Robert LEAF William.Leaf@osce.org +993 12946092 Ashgabat Prevention and (Political Officer) ext. 7320 Confidence- Ms. Guncha NEPESOVA Guncha.Nepesova@osce.org and Security- (Senior Programme Assistant) +993 12 94 6092-VOIP Building 7321

Programme Politico-Military Mr. Sergei SIZOV Sergei.Sizov@osce.org +996 312 61 2445 Office in Activities (Police Co-operation Officer) (ext.7129) Bishkek Programme Politico-Military Mr. Dmitry KAPORTSEV Dmitry.Kaportsev@osce.org +992 37 22 650 Office in Affairs (Counter-Terrorism and Police 14/15/16/17/18 Dushanbe Issues Adviser) Mr. Bakhrom ABDULLAEV Bakhrom.Abdullaev@osce.org (National Police Assistance Officer) Programme Politico-Military Mr. Colin MCCULLOUGH Colin.McCullough@osce.org +7 7172 58 00 70 7002 Office in Activities (Political Officer) Nur-Sultan Mr. Mikhail ASSAFOV Mikhail.Assafov@osce.org +7 7172 58 00 70 7005 (Senior Project Assistant) Project Politico-Military Mr. Mirza Ulugbek Qodir Ugli Mirza.Abdullaev@osce.org +998 71 140 0470 Co-ordinator Activities ABDULLAEV in Uzbekistan (National Project Officer)

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