Safety of Rwanda (Asylum and Immigration) Act 2024 (repealed)
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-1"><num><noteRef href="#key-9af831e521244e893e5ec3013d8e260e" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>1</num><heading>Introduction</heading><content><p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p></content></section>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>The purpose of this Act is to prevent and deter unlawful migration, and in particular migration by unsafe and illegal routes, by enabling the removal of persons to the Republic of Rwanda under provision made by or under the Immigration Acts.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-1-2"><num>(2)</num><intro><p>To advance that purpose—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>the Rwanda Treaty has been laid before Parliament under section 20 of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 (treaties to be laid before Parliament before ratification) with a view to ratification by the United Kingdom, and</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>this Act gives effect to the judgement of Parliament that the Republic of Rwanda is a safe country.</p></content></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>the Rwanda Treaty has been laid before Parliament under section 20 of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 (treaties to be laid before Parliament before ratification) with a view to ratification by the United Kingdom, and</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>this Act gives effect to the judgement of Parliament that the Republic of Rwanda is a safe country.</p></content></level>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-1-3"><num>(3)</num><intro><p>The Government of the Republic of Rwanda has, in accordance with the Rwanda Treaty, agreed to fulfil the following obligations—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>that any person removed to the Republic of Rwanda under the provisions of the Treaty (a “relocated individual”) will not be removed from Rwanda except to the United Kingdom;</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>that any relocated individual is to be made available for return to the United Kingdom following a request from the Government of the United Kingdom;</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p>that the system for the processing of protection claims by relocated individuals is to be improved;</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content><p>that relocated individuals are to be treated equally, irrespective of the status that they are granted in the Republic of Rwanda;</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content><p>that relocated individuals are to be provided with legal assistance for the purposes of their protection claims and any appeals relating to such claims;</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-3-f"><num>(f)</num><content><p>that the obligations mentioned in paragraphs <ref href="#section-1-3-a">(a)</ref> to <ref href="#section-1-3-e">(e)</ref> are to be independently monitored and subject to a form of binding dispute settlement.</p></content></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>that any person removed to the Republic of Rwanda under the provisions of the Treaty (a “relocated individual”) will not be removed from Rwanda except to the United Kingdom;</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>that any relocated individual is to be made available for return to the United Kingdom following a request from the Government of the United Kingdom;</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p>that the system for the processing of protection claims by relocated individuals is to be improved;</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content><p>that relocated individuals are to be treated equally, irrespective of the status that they are granted in the Republic of Rwanda;</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content><p>that relocated individuals are to be provided with legal assistance for the purposes of their protection claims and any appeals relating to such claims;</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-3-f"><num>(f)</num><content><p>that the obligations mentioned in paragraphs <ref href="#section-1-3-a">(a)</ref> to <ref href="#section-1-3-e">(e)</ref> are to be independently monitored and subject to a form of binding dispute settlement.</p></content></level>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-1-4"><num>(4)</num><intro><p>It is recognised that—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>the Parliament of the United Kingdom is sovereign, and</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>the validity of an Act is unaffected by international law.</p></content></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>the Parliament of the United Kingdom is sovereign, and</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>the validity of an Act is unaffected by international law.</p></content></level>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-1-5"><num>(5)</num><intro><p>For the purposes of this Act, a “safe country”—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>means a country to which persons may be removed from the United Kingdom in compliance with all of the United Kingdom’s obligations under international law that are relevant to the treatment in that country of persons who are removed there, and</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-5-b"><num>(b)</num><intro><p>includes, in particular, a country—</p></intro><level class="para2" eId="section-1-5-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content><p>from which a person removed to that country will not be removed or sent to another country in contravention of any international law, and</p></content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-1-5-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><p>in which any person who is seeking asylum or who has had an asylum determination will both have their claim determined and be treated in accordance with that country’s obligations under international law.</p></content></level></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>means a country to which persons may be removed from the United Kingdom in compliance with all of the United Kingdom’s obligations under international law that are relevant to the treatment in that country of persons who are removed there, and</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-5-b"><num>(b)</num><intro><p>includes, in particular, a country—</p></intro><level class="para2" eId="section-1-5-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content><p>from which a person removed to that country will not be removed or sent to another country in contravention of any international law, and</p></content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-1-5-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><p>in which any person who is seeking asylum or who has had an asylum determination will both have their claim determined and be treated in accordance with that country’s obligations under international law.</p></content></level></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para2" eId="section-1-5-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content><p>from which a person removed to that country will not be removed or sent to another country in contravention of any international law, and</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para2" eId="section-1-5-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><p>in which any person who is seeking asylum or who has had an asylum determination will both have their claim determined and be treated in accordance with that country’s obligations under international law.</p></content></level>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-1-6"><num>(6)</num><intro><p>For the purposes of this Act, “<term refersTo="#term-international-law" eId="term-international-law">international law</term>” includes—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>the Human Rights Convention,</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>the Refugee Convention,</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p>the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966,</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-6-d"><num>(d)</num><content><p>the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment of 1984,</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-6-e"><num>(e)</num><content><p>the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings done at Warsaw on 16 May 2005,</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-6-f"><num>(f)</num><content><p>customary international law, and</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-6-g"><num>(g)</num><content><p>any other international law, or convention or rule of international law, whatsoever, including any order, judgment, decision or measure of the European Court of Human Rights.</p></content></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>the Human Rights Convention,</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>the Refugee Convention,</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p>the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966,</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-6-d"><num>(d)</num><content><p>the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment of 1984,</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-6-e"><num>(e)</num><content><p>the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings done at Warsaw on 16 May 2005,</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-6-f"><num>(f)</num><content><p>customary international law, and</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-1-6-g"><num>(g)</num><content><p>any other international law, or convention or rule of international law, whatsoever, including any order, judgment, decision or measure of the European Court of Human Rights.</p></content></level>
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-2"><num><noteRef href="#key-9af831e521244e893e5ec3013d8e260e" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>2</num><heading>Safety of the Republic of Rwanda</heading><content><p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p></content></section>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>Every decision-maker must conclusively treat the Republic of Rwanda as a safe country.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2-2"><num>(2)</num><intro><p>A decision-maker means—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-2-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>the Secretary of State or an immigration officer when making a decision relating to the removal of a person to the Republic of Rwanda under any provision of, or made under, the Immigration Acts;</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>a court or tribunal when considering a decision of the Secretary of State or an immigration officer mentioned in paragraph <ref href="#section-2-2-a">(a)</ref>.</p></content></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-2-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>the Secretary of State or an immigration officer when making a decision relating to the removal of a person to the Republic of Rwanda under any provision of, or made under, the Immigration Acts;</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-2-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>a court or tribunal when considering a decision of the Secretary of State or an immigration officer mentioned in paragraph <ref href="#section-2-2-a">(a)</ref>.</p></content></level>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2-3"><num>(3)</num><content><p>As a result of subsection <ref href="#section-2-1">(1)</ref>, a court or tribunal must not consider a review of, or an appeal against, a decision of the Secretary of State or an immigration officer relating to the removal of a person to the Republic of Rwanda to the extent that the review or appeal is brought on the grounds that the Republic of Rwanda is not a safe country.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2-4"><num>(4)</num><intro><p>In particular, a court or tribunal must not consider—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-2-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>any claim or complaint that the Republic of Rwanda will or may remove or send a person to another State in contravention of any of its international obligations, including in particular its obligations under the Refugee Convention,</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>any claim or complaint that a person will not receive fair and proper consideration of an asylum, or other similar, claim in the Republic of Rwanda, or</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p>any claim or complaint that the Republic of Rwanda will not act in accordance with the Rwanda Treaty.</p></content></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-2-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>any claim or complaint that the Republic of Rwanda will or may remove or send a person to another State in contravention of any of its international obligations, including in particular its obligations under the Refugee Convention,</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-2-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>any claim or complaint that a person will not receive fair and proper consideration of an asylum, or other similar, claim in the Republic of Rwanda, or</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-2-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p>any claim or complaint that the Republic of Rwanda will not act in accordance with the Rwanda Treaty.</p></content></level>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2-5"><num>(5)</num><intro><p>Subsections <ref href="#section-2-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#section-2-4">(4)</ref> apply notwithstanding—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-2-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>any provision made by or under the Immigration Acts,</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>the Human Rights Act 1998, to the extent disapplied by section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> (disapplication of the Human Rights Act 1998),</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p>any other provision or rule of domestic law (including any common law), and</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-5-d"><num>(d)</num><content><p>any interpretation of international law by the court or tribunal.</p></content></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-2-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>any provision made by or under the Immigration Acts,</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-2-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>the Human Rights Act 1998, to the extent disapplied by section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> (disapplication of the Human Rights Act 1998),</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-2-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p>any other provision or rule of domestic law (including any common law), and</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-2-5-d"><num>(d)</num><content><p>any interpretation of international law by the court or tribunal.</p></content></level>
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-3"><num><noteRef href="#key-9af831e521244e893e5ec3013d8e260e" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>3</num><heading>Disapplication of the Human Rights Act 1998</heading><content><p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p></content></section>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-3-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>The provisions of this Act apply notwithstanding the relevant provisions of the Human Rights Act 1998, which are disapplied as follows.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-3-2"><num>(2)</num><intro><p>The relevant provisions are—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-3-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>section 2 (interpretation of Convention rights),</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-3-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>section 3 (interpretation of legislation), and</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-3-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p>sections 6 to 9 (acts of public authorities).</p></content></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-3-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>section 2 (interpretation of Convention rights),</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-3-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>section 3 (interpretation of legislation), and</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-3-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p>sections 6 to 9 (acts of public authorities).</p></content></level>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-3-3"><num>(3)</num><content><p>Section 2 does not apply where a court or tribunal is determining a question relating to whether the Republic of Rwanda is a safe country for a person to be removed to under any provision of, or made under, the Immigration Acts.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-3-4"><num>(4)</num><content><p>Section 3 does not apply in relation to this Act.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-3-5"><num>(5)</num><intro><p>Sections 6 to 9 do not apply in relation to—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-3-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>a decision taken on the basis of section <ref href="#section-2">2</ref><ref href="#section-2-1">(1)</ref> of this Act (decision-makers to treat Rwanda as safe),</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-3-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>a decision as to whether to grant an interim remedy on the basis of section <ref href="#section-4">4</ref><ref href="#section-4-4">(4)</ref> of this Act (interim remedies: serious and irreversible harm), or</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-3-5-c"><num>(c)</num><intro><p>a decision taken on the basis of section <ref href="#section-4">4</ref><ref href="#section-4-1">(1)</ref> of this Act (decisions based on particular individual circumstances)—</p></intro><level class="para2" eId="section-3-5-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content><p>under section 42(2), 44(6)(a) or 45(3) of the Illegal Migration Act 2023 (serious and irreversible harm) in relation to the removal of a person under that Act to the Republic of Rwanda, or</p></content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-3-5-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><p>under section 44(6)(a) of the Illegal Migration Act 2023, as applied by section 2AA of the Special Immigration Appeals Commission Act 1997 (appeals to the Special Immigration Appeals Commission: serious and irreversible harm), in relation to the removal of a person under the Illegal Migration Act 2023 to the Republic of Rwanda.</p></content></level></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-3-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>a decision taken on the basis of section <ref href="#section-2">2</ref><ref href="#section-2-1">(1)</ref> of this Act (decision-makers to treat Rwanda as safe),</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-3-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>a decision as to whether to grant an interim remedy on the basis of section <ref href="#section-4">4</ref><ref href="#section-4-4">(4)</ref> of this Act (interim remedies: serious and irreversible harm), or</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-3-5-c"><num>(c)</num><intro><p>a decision taken on the basis of section <ref href="#section-4">4</ref><ref href="#section-4-1">(1)</ref> of this Act (decisions based on particular individual circumstances)—</p></intro><level class="para2" eId="section-3-5-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content><p>under section 42(2), 44(6)(a) or 45(3) of the Illegal Migration Act 2023 (serious and irreversible harm) in relation to the removal of a person under that Act to the Republic of Rwanda, or</p></content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-3-5-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><p>under section 44(6)(a) of the Illegal Migration Act 2023, as applied by section 2AA of the Special Immigration Appeals Commission Act 1997 (appeals to the Special Immigration Appeals Commission: serious and irreversible harm), in relation to the removal of a person under the Illegal Migration Act 2023 to the Republic of Rwanda.</p></content></level></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para2" eId="section-3-5-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content><p>under section 42(2), 44(6)(a) or 45(3) of the Illegal Migration Act 2023 (serious and irreversible harm) in relation to the removal of a person under that Act to the Republic of Rwanda, or</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para2" eId="section-3-5-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><p>under section 44(6)(a) of the Illegal Migration Act 2023, as applied by section 2AA of the Special Immigration Appeals Commission Act 1997 (appeals to the Special Immigration Appeals Commission: serious and irreversible harm), in relation to the removal of a person under the Illegal Migration Act 2023 to the Republic of Rwanda.</p></content></level>
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-4"><num><noteRef href="#key-9af831e521244e893e5ec3013d8e260e" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>4</num><heading>Decisions based on particular individual circumstances</heading><content><p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p></content></section>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-4-1"><num>(1)</num><intro><p><ref href="#section-2">Section 2</ref> does not prevent—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-4-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>the Secretary of State or an immigration officer from deciding (under any applicable provision of, or made under, the Immigration Acts) whether the Republic of Rwanda is a safe country for the person in question, based on compelling evidence relating specifically to the person’s particular individual circumstances (rather than on the grounds that the Republic of Rwanda is not a safe country in general), or</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-4-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>a court or tribunal considering a review of, or an appeal against, a relevant decision to the extent that the review or appeal is brought on the grounds that the Republic of Rwanda is not a safe country for the person in question, based on compelling evidence relating specifically to the person’s particular individual circumstances (rather than on the grounds that the Republic of Rwanda is not a safe country in general).</p></content></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-4-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>the Secretary of State or an immigration officer from deciding (under any applicable provision of, or made under, the Immigration Acts) whether the Republic of Rwanda is a safe country for the person in question, based on compelling evidence relating specifically to the person’s particular individual circumstances (rather than on the grounds that the Republic of Rwanda is not a safe country in general), or</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-4-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>a court or tribunal considering a review of, or an appeal against, a relevant decision to the extent that the review or appeal is brought on the grounds that the Republic of Rwanda is not a safe country for the person in question, based on compelling evidence relating specifically to the person’s particular individual circumstances (rather than on the grounds that the Republic of Rwanda is not a safe country in general).</p></content></level>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p>But subsection <ref href="#section-4-1">(1)</ref> does not permit a decision-maker to consider any matter, claim or complaint to the extent that it relates to the issue of whether the Republic of Rwanda will or may remove or send the person in question to another State in contravention of any of its international obligations (including in particular its obligations under the Refugee Convention).</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-4-3"><num>(3)</num><content><p>Where a court or tribunal is considering a review or an appeal as mentioned in subsection <ref href="#section-4-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-4-1-b">(b)</ref>, any power of the court or tribunal to grant an interim remedy (whether on an application of the person in question or otherwise) is restricted as follows.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-4-4"><num>(4)</num><content><p>The court or tribunal may grant an interim remedy that prevents or delays, or that has the effect of preventing or delaying, the removal of the person to the Republic of Rwanda only if the court or tribunal is satisfied that the person would, before the review or appeal is determined, face a real, imminent and foreseeable risk of serious and irreversible harm if removed to the Republic of Rwanda.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-4-5"><num>(5)</num><content><p>Subsections (4) to (8) of section 39 of the Illegal Migration Act 2023 (examples of serious and irreversible harm) apply (with any necessary modifications) for the purposes of subsections <ref href="#section-4-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#section-4-4">(4)</ref> as they apply for the purposes of that Act.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-4-6"><num>(6)</num><content><p>Subsections <ref href="#section-4-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#section-4-4">(4)</ref> do not apply to any review or appeal relating to a decision to remove a person to the Republic of Rwanda under the Illegal Migration Act 2023 (see instead section 54 of that Act).</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-4-7"><num>(7)</num><intro><p>In this section—</p></intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-interim-remedy" eId="term-interim-remedy">interim remedy</term>” means any interim remedy or relief however described (including, in particular, an interim injunction or interdict);</p></content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-relevant-decision" eId="term-relevant-decision">relevant decision</term>” means a decision taken by the Secretary of State or an immigration officer (under any applicable provision of, or made under, the Immigration Acts) that the Republic of Rwanda is a safe country for the person in question.</p></content></hcontainer></subsection>
<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-interim-remedy" eId="term-interim-remedy">interim remedy</term>” means any interim remedy or relief however described (including, in particular, an interim injunction or interdict);</p></content></hcontainer>
<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-relevant-decision" eId="term-relevant-decision">relevant decision</term>” means a decision taken by the Secretary of State or an immigration officer (under any applicable provision of, or made under, the Immigration Acts) that the Republic of Rwanda is a safe country for the person in question.</p></content></hcontainer>
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-5"><num><noteRef href="#key-9af831e521244e893e5ec3013d8e260e" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>5</num><heading>Interim measures of the European Court of Human Rights</heading><content><p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p></content></section>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-5-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>This section applies where the European Court of Human Rights indicates an interim measure in proceedings relating to the intended removal of a person to the Republic of Rwanda under, or purportedly under, a provision of, or made under, the Immigration Acts.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-5-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p>It is for a Minister of the Crown (and only a Minister of the Crown) to decide whether the United Kingdom will comply with the interim measure.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-5-3"><num>(3)</num><content><p>Accordingly, a court or tribunal must not have regard to the interim measure when considering any application or appeal which relates to a decision to remove the person to the Republic of Rwanda under a provision of, or made under, the Immigration Acts.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-5-4"><num>(4)</num><intro><p>In this section—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-5-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>a reference to “<term refersTo="#term-the-immigration-acts" eId="term-the-immigration-acts">the Immigration Acts</term>” does not include the Illegal Migration Act 2023 (see instead section 55 of that Act);</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-5-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>a reference to a Minister of the Crown is to a Minister of the Crown acting in person.</p></content></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-5-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>a reference to “<term refersTo="#term-the-immigration-acts" eId="term-the-immigration-acts">the Immigration Acts</term>” does not include the Illegal Migration Act 2023 (see instead section 55 of that Act);</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-5-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>a reference to a Minister of the Crown is to a Minister of the Crown acting in person.</p></content></level>
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-6"><num><noteRef href="#key-9af831e521244e893e5ec3013d8e260e" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>6</num><heading>Report about victims of modern slavery or human trafficking</heading><content><p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p></content></section>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-6-1"><num>(1)</num><intro><p>The Secretary of State must—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-6-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>prepare and publish an annual report about the operation of this Act as it relates to the modern slavery and human trafficking provisions in Article 13 of the Rwanda Treaty, and</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-6-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>lay a copy of each report before Parliament.</p></content></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-6-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>prepare and publish an annual report about the operation of this Act as it relates to the modern slavery and human trafficking provisions in Article 13 of the Rwanda Treaty, and</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-6-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>lay a copy of each report before Parliament.</p></content></level>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-6-2"><num>(2)</num><intro><p>The first report must—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-6-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>relate to the period of 12 months beginning with the day on which this Act comes into force, and</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-6-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>be laid before Parliament and published as soon as reasonably practicable after the end of that period.</p></content></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-6-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>relate to the period of 12 months beginning with the day on which this Act comes into force, and</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-6-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>be laid before Parliament and published as soon as reasonably practicable after the end of that period.</p></content></level>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-6-3"><num>(3)</num><intro><p>Subsequent reports must—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-6-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>relate to the period of 12 months beginning with the day after the last day of the period to which the previous report related, and</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-6-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>be laid before Parliament and published as soon as reasonably practicable after the end of the period to which the report relates.</p></content></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-6-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>relate to the period of 12 months beginning with the day after the last day of the period to which the previous report related, and</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-6-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>be laid before Parliament and published as soon as reasonably practicable after the end of the period to which the report relates.</p></content></level>
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-7"><num><noteRef href="#key-9af831e521244e893e5ec3013d8e260e" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>7</num><heading>Consequential provision</heading><content><p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p></content></section>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-7-1"><num>(1)</num><intro><p>In section 61(2) of the UK Borders Act 2007 (meaning of “<term refersTo="#term-the-immigration-acts" eId="term-the-immigration-acts">the Immigration Acts</term>”)—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-7-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>omit the “and” at the end of paragraph (m), and</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p><mod>after paragraph (n) insert <quotedText startQuote="“">, and</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(o)</num><content><p>the Safety of Rwanda (Asylum and Immigration) Act 2024.</p></content></level></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-7-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>omit the “and” at the end of paragraph (m), and</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" class="para1" eId="section-7-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p><mod>after paragraph (n) insert <quotedText startQuote="“">, and</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(o)</num><content><p>the Safety of Rwanda (Asylum and Immigration) Act 2024.</p></content></level></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></level>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-7-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p><mod>In section 39 of the Illegal Migration Act 2023 (serious harm suspensive claims: interpretation), after subsection (4) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(4A)</num><content><p>But see sections <ref href="#section-2">2</ref> and <ref href="#section-4">4</ref> of the Safety of Rwanda (Asylum and Immigration) Act 2024 (safety of the Republic of Rwanda).</p></content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></subsection>
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-8"><num><noteRef href="#key-9af831e521244e893e5ec3013d8e260e" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>8</num><heading>Interpretation</heading><content><p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p></content></section>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-8-1"><num>(1)</num><intro><p>In this Act—</p></intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-convention-rights" eId="term-convention-rights">Convention rights</term>” means the rights identified as Convention rights by section 1 of the Human Rights Act 1998 (whether or not in relation to a State that is a party to the Human Rights Convention);</p></content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-decision" eId="term-decision">decision</term>” includes a purported decision;</p></content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-decision-maker" eId="term-decision-maker">decision-maker</term>” has the meaning given in <ref href="#section-2">section 2</ref><ref href="#section-2-2">(2)</ref>;</p></content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-the-human-rights-convention" eId="term-the-human-rights-convention">the Human Rights Convention</term>” means the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, agreed by the Council of Europe at Rome on 4 November 1950, as it has effect for the time being in relation to the United Kingdom;</p></content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-immigration-officer" eId="term-immigration-officer">immigration officer</term>” means a person appointed by the Secretary of State as an immigration officer under paragraph 1 of Schedule 2 to the Immigration Act 1971;</p></content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-international-law" eId="term-international-law">international law</term>” has the meaning given in section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-6">(6)</ref>;</p></content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-the-refugee-convention" eId="term-the-refugee-convention">the Refugee Convention</term>” means the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees done at Geneva on 28 July 1951 and its Protocol;</p></content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-the-rwanda-treaty" eId="term-the-rwanda-treaty">the Rwanda Treaty</term>” means the agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Rwanda for the provision of an asylum partnership to strengthen shared international commitments on the protection of refugees and migrants, signed at Kigali on 5 December 2023;</p></content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-safe-country" eId="term-safe-country">safe country</term>” has the meaning given in section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-5">(5)</ref>.</p></content></hcontainer></subsection>
<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-convention-rights" eId="term-convention-rights">Convention rights</term>” means the rights identified as Convention rights by section 1 of the Human Rights Act 1998 (whether or not in relation to a State that is a party to the Human Rights Convention);</p></content></hcontainer>
<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-decision" eId="term-decision">decision</term>” includes a purported decision;</p></content></hcontainer>
<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-the-human-rights-convention" eId="term-the-human-rights-convention">the Human Rights Convention</term>” means the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, agreed by the Council of Europe at Rome on 4 November 1950, as it has effect for the time being in relation to the United Kingdom;</p></content></hcontainer>
<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-immigration-officer" eId="term-immigration-officer">immigration officer</term>” means a person appointed by the Secretary of State as an immigration officer under paragraph 1 of Schedule 2 to the Immigration Act 1971;</p></content></hcontainer>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-8-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p>In this Act, references to a person do not include a person who is a national of the Republic of Rwanda or who has obtained a passport or other document of identity in the Republic of Rwanda.</p></content></subsection>
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-9"><num><noteRef href="#key-9af831e521244e893e5ec3013d8e260e" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>9</num><heading>Extent</heading><content><p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p></content></section>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-9-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>This Act extends to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, subject as follows.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-9-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p>Any amendment made by this Act has the same extent within the United Kingdom as the provision to which it relates.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-9-3"><num>(3)</num><content><p>His Majesty may by Order in Council provide for any of the provisions of this Act to extend, with or without modifications, to any of the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-9-4"><num>(4)</num><content><p>A power under any provision listed in subsection <ref href="#section-9-5">(5)</ref> may be exercised so as to extend (with or without modifications) to any of the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man any amendment made by this Act of any part of an Act to which the provision listed in subsection <ref href="#section-9-5">(5)</ref> relates.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-9-5"><num>(5)</num><intro><p>Those provisions are—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>section 60(4) of the UK Borders Act 2007, and</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>section 67(7) of the Illegal Migration Act 2023.</p></content></level></subsection>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-9-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>section 60(4) of the UK Borders Act 2007, and</p></content></level>
<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-9-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>section 67(7) of the Illegal Migration Act 2023.</p></content></level>
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-10"><num><noteRef href="#key-9af831e521244e893e5ec3013d8e260e" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>10</num><heading>Commencement and transitional provision</heading><content><p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p></content></section>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-10-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>This Act comes into force on the day on which the Rwanda Treaty enters into force.</p></content></subsection>
<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-10-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p>This Act applies to any decision by a decision-maker relating to the removal of a person to the Republic of Rwanda that is made on or after the day on which the Rwanda Treaty enters into force, irrespective of when the person arrived in the United Kingdom.</p></content></subsection>
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-11"><num><noteRef href="#key-9af831e521244e893e5ec3013d8e260e" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>11</num><heading>Short title</heading><content><p>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</p></content></section>