Automated Vehicles Act 2024

May 21, 2024

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<part xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="part-1"><num>Part 1</num><heading>Regulatory scheme for automated vehicles</heading><chapter eId="part-1-chapter-1"><num>Chapter 1</num><heading>Authorisation of road vehicles for automated use</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-1-crossheading-selfdriving-capability"><heading>Self-driving capability</heading><section eId="section-1"><num>1</num><heading>Basic concepts</heading><subsection eId="section-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies for the purposes of this Part.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A vehicle “satisfies the self-driving test” if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>it is designed or adapted with the intention that a feature of the vehicle will allow it to travel autonomously, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>it is capable of doing so, by means of that feature, safely and legally.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Whether a vehicle satisfies the test is to be assessed by reference to the location and circumstances of that intended travel (and may differ in respect of different locations and circumstances).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A “feature” of a vehicle is a combination of mechanical or electronic operations that equipment of the vehicle performs.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A vehicle travels “autonomously” if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>it is being controlled not by an individual but by equipment of the vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>neither the vehicle nor its surroundings are being monitored by an individual with a view to immediate intervention in the driving of the vehicle.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-6"><num>(6)</num><content>References to “control” of a vehicle are to control of the motion of the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A vehicle that travels autonomously does so—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>“safely” if it travels to an acceptably safe standard, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>“legally” if it travels with an acceptably low risk of committing a traffic infraction.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-8"><num>(8)</num><content>In assessing whether a vehicle is capable of travelling autonomously and safely, the Secretary of State must have particular regard to the statement of safety principles.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-2"><num>2</num><heading>Statement of safety principles</heading><subsection eId="section-2-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must prepare a statement of the principles that the Secretary of State proposes to apply in assessing, for the purposes of this Part, whether a vehicle is capable of travelling autonomously and safely.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The principles must be framed with a view to securing that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-2-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>authorised automated vehicles will achieve a level of safety equivalent to, or higher than, that of careful and competent human drivers, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>road safety in Great Britain will be better as a result of the use of authorised automated vehicles on roads than it would otherwise be.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In preparing the statement, the Secretary of State must consult such representative organisations as the Secretary of State thinks fit.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Those organisations must include organisations appearing to the Secretary of State to represent—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-2-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the interests of businesses involved, or likely to be involved, in the manufacture or operation of mechanically propelled road vehicles designed to travel autonomously,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the interests of road users, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the cause of road safety.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The prepared statement must be laid before Parliament.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The statement takes effect if both Houses of Parliament resolve that it should.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The Secretary of State may revise or replace the statement that has effect under this section; and subsections <ref href="#section-2-2">(2)</ref> to <ref href="#section-2-5">(5)</ref> apply to a revision or replacement.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-8"><num>(8)</num><content>A revision or replacement takes effect at the end of the period of 40 days beginning with the day on which it is laid, unless either House resolves before then that it should not.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-2-8">(8)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-2-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>where a revision or replacement is laid before each House on different days, the later day is to be taken to be the day on which it was laid before both Houses, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-9-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in counting any period of 40 days, no account is to be taken of any time during which Parliament is dissolved or prorogued or during which both Houses are adjourned for more than four days.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-10"><num>(10)</num><content>The power in section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> may not be exercised until a statement has effect under this section.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-1-crossheading-grant-of-authorisation"><heading>Grant of authorisation</heading><section eId="section-3"><num>3</num><heading>Power to authorise</heading><subsection eId="section-3-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may authorise a road vehicle for use as an automated vehicle if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-3-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the opinion of the Secretary of State, the vehicle satisfies the self-driving test by reference to intended travel on a road (in at least some circumstances), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-3-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any applicable initial authorisation requirements are met (see section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref>).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-3-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An automated vehicle authorisation may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-3-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>be limited to an individual vehicle, or individual vehicles, identified in the authorisation, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-3-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>extend to all vehicles of a type described in the authorisation.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-3-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The description of a type under subsection <ref href="#section-3-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-3-2-b">(b)</ref> must be formulated with a view to securing that the Secretary of State’s assessment for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-3-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-3-1-a">(a)</ref>, and the contents of the authorisation, will be equally applicable in relation to any vehicle of that type.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-4"><num>4</num><heading>Authorised automation features</heading><subsection eId="section-4-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An automated vehicle authorisation must identify the feature or features by virtue of which (in the opinion of the Secretary of State) the vehicle satisfies the self-driving test.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>More than one feature may be identified if it appears to the Secretary of State that each can reasonably be characterised as amounting to a distinct capability of the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-4-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>In relation to each feature identified in the authorisation, the authorisation must specify—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-4-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>whether the mode of operation of the feature is “user-in-charge” or “no-user-in-charge”,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-4-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>how the feature is engaged and disengaged, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-4-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the locations and circumstances by reference to which (in the opinion of the Secretary of State) the vehicle satisfies the self-driving test by virtue of the feature.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-4-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The locations specified in the authorisation may include places other than roads.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-4-5"><num>(5)</num><content>If more than one feature is identified in an authorisation, the Secretary of State must discharge the duty in subsection <ref href="#section-4-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-4-3-b">(b)</ref> in a way that will make it possible to ascertain which feature (if any) is engaged at any given moment.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-1-crossheading-authorisation-requirements"><heading>Authorisation requirements</heading><section eId="section-5"><num>5</num><heading>Authorisation requirements and conditions</heading><subsection eId="section-5-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, impose requirements (“authorisation requirements”) that must be met—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-5-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>for a vehicle to be authorised under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> (“initial authorisation requirements”), or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-5-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>as a condition of a vehicle remaining authorised (“ongoing authorisation requirements”).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-5-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Ongoing authorisation requirements may include a requirement for compliance with any conditions that the Secretary of State attaches to an individual authorisation (“authorisation conditions”).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-5-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Authorisation conditions may relate to anything to which authorisation requirements may relate.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-5-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A duty in relation to the imposition of authorisation requirements may be met (in whole or in part) by means of an authorisation requirement of the sort described in subsection <ref href="#section-5-2">(2)</ref> in combination with authorisation conditions.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-6"><num>6</num><heading>Authorised self-driving entities</heading><subsection eId="section-6-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to secure that, in respect of each automated vehicle authorisation, a person is designated as the “authorised self-driving entity” for the authorised vehicle at all times.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-6-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Authorisation requirements may include requirements that a person has to satisfy in order to be, or remain, an authorised self-driving entity.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-6-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to secure, so far as the Secretary of State considers reasonably practicable, that the following objectives are met.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-6-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The objectives are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-6-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that an authorised self-driving entity should have general responsibility for ensuring that an authorised automated vehicle continues to satisfy the self-driving test by virtue of its authorised automation features, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-6-4-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>that an authorised self-driving entity should be—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-6-4-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>of good repute,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-6-4-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>of good financial standing, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-6-4-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>capable of competently discharging any authorisation requirements imposed on it for the purposes of paragraph <ref href="#section-6-4-a">(a)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-6-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Authorisation requirements may include requirements as to the payment of fees by authorised self-driving entities for the grant or continuation of an automated vehicle authorisation.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-7"><num>7</num><heading>Transition demands</heading><subsection eId="section-7-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-7-3">(3)</ref> applies if authorisation requirements in relation to a vehicle with an authorised user-in-charge feature require the vehicle to be able to issue a transition demand while that feature is engaged.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-7-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A “transition demand” is a demand, communicated by equipment of a vehicle in which an authorised user-in-charge feature is engaged, that the user-in-charge assume control of the vehicle by the end of a period of time beginning with the communication of the demand (the “transition period”).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-7-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to secure, so far as Secretary of State considers reasonably practicable, that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the transition demand will be capable of being perceived by anyone who might legally be a user-in-charge of the vehicle (having regard in particular to users-in-charge with disabilities),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the transition period will be long enough for the user-in-charge to prepare to assume, and assume, control of the vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the vehicle will continue to travel autonomously, safely and legally during the transition period,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>equipment of the vehicle will make a further communication at the end of the transition period to alert the user-in-charge to the ending of the period, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>the vehicle will deal safely with a situation where the user-in-charge fails to assume control by the end of the transition period.</content></level></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-1-crossheading-variation-suspension-and-withdrawal-of-authorisation"><heading>Variation, suspension and withdrawal of authorisation</heading><section eId="section-8"><num>8</num><heading>Power to vary, suspend or withdraw</heading><subsection eId="section-8-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may vary, suspend or withdraw an automated vehicle authorisation with the agreement of the authorised self-driving entity for the authorised automated vehicle concerned.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may vary, suspend or withdraw an automated vehicle authorisation without that agreement if the Secretary of State is satisfied that a unilateral ground has arisen in respect of the authorisation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may suspend or temporarily vary an automated vehicle authorisation without that agreement if the Secretary of State—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>suspects that a unilateral ground has arisen in respect of the authorisation, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>proposes to enquire into whether it has.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, a unilateral ground arises in respect of an authorisation if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorisation requirement is not or has not been met in respect of the authorised vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the authorised vehicle has committed a traffic infraction, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the authorised vehicle no longer satisfies the self-driving test by reference to all authorised locations and circumstances.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A suspension or variation under subsection <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> may not be kept in force after the process of enquiry has concluded, except for so long as may be necessary to allow action to be taken under subsection <ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-6"><num>(6)</num><content>An authorisation may be suspended or varied under subsection <ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> even if it is already suspended, or varied in the same way, under subsection <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> (in which case the new suspension or variation supersedes the existing one).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-7"><num>(7)</num><intro><ref href="#schedule-1-part-1">Part 1</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-1">Schedule 1</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>makes provision about the procedure applicable in connection with variation, suspension or withdrawal under subsection <ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> (including rights of appeal), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>provides for a further case in which an authorisation may be varied, suspended or withdrawn without agreement.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-9"><num>9</num><heading>Further provision about variation, suspension and withdrawal</heading><subsection eId="section-9-1"><num>(1)</num><content>References in this Part to varying an automated vehicle authorisation include varying, adding to or omitting authorisation conditions attached to the authorisation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The variation of an authorisation may be temporary or permanent.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An authorisation as varied must be such as the Secretary of State could grant anew.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The suspension or temporary variation of an authorisation—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>may be for a fixed period or indefinite, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>may be lifted or reversed by the Secretary of State at any time.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The suspension of an authorisation means that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the authorised automated vehicle in question is no longer to be considered such for the purposes of sections <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>, <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> and <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an authorised no-user-in-charge feature identified in the authorisation is no longer to be considered such for the purposes of section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref><ref href="#d25e5453">(2)</ref> of the Road Traffic Act 1988,</content></level><wrapUp>but does not otherwise affect the authorisation.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>A relevant authorisation measure takes effect—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>when notice of it is issued to the authorised self-driving entity for the authorised automated vehicle concerned, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>at such later time as is specified in the notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-9-6">(6)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-authorisation-measure" eId="term-relevant-authorisation-measure">relevant authorisation measure</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the variation, suspension or withdrawal of an automated vehicle authorisation,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the reversal of a variation,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the lifting of a suspension, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the restoration of a withdrawn authorisation (further to a direction under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3">3</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4">4</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-5">(5)</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-1">Schedule 1</ref>).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-8"><num>(8)</num><content>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to reduce the likelihood of a person’s unknowingly using a vehicle in a way that is no longer in accordance with an automated vehicle authorisation as a result of a variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-1-crossheading-administration"><heading>Administration</heading><section eId="section-10"><num>10</num><heading>Register of authorisations</heading><subsection eId="section-10-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must keep a public register of automated vehicle authorisations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-10-2"><num>(2)</num><content>An automated vehicle authorisation takes effect when it is entered in the register.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-10-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The register must record, in relation to each authorisation, the identity of the authorised self-driving entity for the authorised automated vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-10-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State must amend the register to reflect any relevant authorisation measure as soon as possible after it takes effect.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-10-5"><num>(5)</num><content>In subsection <ref href="#section-10-4">(4)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-authorisation-measure" eId="term-relevant-authorisation-measure">relevant authorisation measure</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-7">(7)</ref>.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-11"><num>11</num><heading>Regulations about authorisation procedure</heading><subsection eId="section-11-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations about the procedure to be followed in connection with—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-11-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the grant of automated vehicle authorisations;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the variation, suspension or withdrawal of automated vehicle authorisations with the agreement of the authorised self-driving entity.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-11-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular, make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the form and content of applications for authorisation, and by whom they may be made;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>fees payable in respect of applications for authorisation;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the examination of vehicles;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the notification of decisions;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>reviews of, or appeals against, decisions.</content></level></subsection></section></hcontainer></chapter><chapter eId="part-1-chapter-2"><num>Chapter 2</num><heading>Licensing of operators for vehicle use without user-in-charge</heading><section eId="section-12"><num>12</num><heading>Power to establish operator licensing scheme</heading><subsection eId="section-12-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations (“<term refersTo="#term-operator-licensing-regulations" eId="term-operator-licensing-regulations">operator licensing regulations</term>”), make provision—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-12-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>for the licensing of persons as no-user-in-charge operators;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-12-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>imposing requirements on those persons in connection with no-user-in-charge journeys or the vehicles that undertake them;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-12-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>for the keeping of a public register of those persons (and associated information).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-12-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A “no-user-in-charge journey” is a journey by a vehicle with an authorised no-user-in-charge feature during which (at any point)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-12-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that feature is engaged, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-12-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>there is no individual in the vehicle who is exercising control of it.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-12-3"><num>(3)</num><content>For the purposes of this Part, a no-user-in-charge journey is “overseen” by a licensed no-user-in-charge operator if the operator is, in respect of the journey, subject to requirements imposed under subsection <ref href="#section-12-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-12-1-b">(b)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-12-4"><num>(4)</num><content>If the Secretary of State makes operator licensing regulations, the Secretary of State must do so in a way that is designed to secure, so far as the Secretary of State considers reasonably practicable, that the following objectives are met.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-12-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The objectives are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-12-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that a licensed no-user-in-charge operator should have general responsibility for the detection of, and response to, problems arising during a no-user-in-charge journey overseen by the operator, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-12-5-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>that a licensed no-user-in-charge operator should be—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-12-5-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>of good repute,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-12-5-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>of good financial standing, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-12-5-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>capable of competently discharging any requirements imposed on it for the purposes of paragraph <ref href="#section-12-5-a">(a)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-13"><num>13</num><heading>Further provision about operator licensing</heading><subsection eId="section-13-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section makes further provision about operator licensing regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-13-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The regulations may, in particular, make provision for and about the grant, retention, variation, renewal, expiry, suspension or withdrawal of licences.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-13-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>That includes provision—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>about the form and content of applications for licences (or their renewal);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>about fees payable in respect of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-13-3-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>applications for licences (or their renewal), or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-13-3-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>the grant, retention or renewal of licences;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>about the notification of decisions;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>about reviews of, or appeals against, decisions;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>conferring functions on the Secretary of State or on traffic commissioners.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-13-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The regulations may impose on a licensed no-user-in-charge operator a requirement to comply with any conditions that are attached to an individual licence.</content></subsection></section></chapter><chapter eId="part-1-chapter-3"><num>Chapter 3</num><heading>Provision of information by regulated bodies</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-3-crossheading-requirements-imposed-by-regulations"><heading>Requirements imposed by regulations</heading><section eId="section-14"><num>14</num><heading>Collection and sharing of information</heading><subsection eId="section-14-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Authorisation requirements may include requirements as to the collection and sharing of information by an authorised self-driving entity.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-14-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Operator licensing regulations may impose requirements as to the collection and sharing of information by a licensed no-user-in-charge operator.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-14-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Those references to sharing include—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-14-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>sharing with the Secretary of State or other public authorities, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-14-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>sharing with private businesses (such as vehicle manufacturers or insurers).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-14-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations that require an authorised self-driving entity or licensed no-user-in-charge operator to share information must specify the purpose for which the information is to be shared.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-15"><num>15</num><heading>Nomination of individuals</heading><subsection eId="section-15-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Authorisation requirements may require a person who is, or is seeking to become, an authorised self-driving entity to nominate an individual to be responsible for information that is, or has to be, provided by the person to the Secretary to the State for the purposes of this Part.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-15-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Operator licensing regulations may require a person who is, or is seeking to become, a licensed no-user-in-charge operator to nominate an individual to be responsible for information that is, or has to be, provided by the person to the Secretary to the State for the purposes of this Part.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-15-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Requirements of the sort described in subsection <ref href="#section-15-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-15-2">(2)</ref> must be accompanied by—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-15-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>provision requiring that an individual is not nominated without the individual’s consent, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-15-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>provision about the circumstances in which an individual ceases to stand nominated further to the requirements.</content></level></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-3-crossheading-requirements-imposed-by-notice"><heading>Requirements imposed by notice</heading><section eId="section-16"><num>16</num><heading>Purpose for which notices may be given</heading><subsection eId="section-16-1"><num>(1)</num><content>In this Part, “<term refersTo="#term-the-investigative-purposes" eId="term-the-investigative-purposes">the investigative purposes</term>”, in relation to a regulated body, are the domestic purposes and the international purpose set out in this section.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-16-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The domestic purposes are the purposes of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>assessing whether a regulatory requirement is being, or has been, met—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>by the regulated body, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>in relation to authorised automated vehicles for which the regulated body is or has been responsible,</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>investigating whether, how or why an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the regulated body was responsible for it,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>assessing whether an authorised automated vehicle for which the regulated body is or has been responsible continues to satisfy the self-driving test by reference to the authorised locations and circumstances, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-d"><num>(d)</num><intro>investigating—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-d-i"><num>(i)</num><content>a suspected offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> by the regulated body, or another regulated body that is or has been responsible for a vehicle for which the regulated body is or has been responsible, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-d-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>a suspected offence under section <ref href="#section-25">25</ref>, or a suspected offence arising by virtue of section <ref href="#section-26">26</ref> or <ref href="#section-27">27</ref>, that is predicated on an offence within sub-paragraph <ref href="#section-16-2-d-i">(i)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-16-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The international purpose is the purpose of sharing information with an authority in a country or territory outside Great Britain (an “overseas authority”), where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-16-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the overseas authority has requested the information,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the overseas authority has functions under the law of that country or territory that are similar to those referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-16-2">(2)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is likely to assist the overseas authority in performing those functions in respect of the regulated body.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-17"><num>17</num><heading>Power to issue information notice</heading><subsection eId="section-17-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue an information notice to a regulated body if the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to do so for any of the investigative purposes.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-2"><num>(2)</num><content>An information notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to provide information to the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>An information notice must specify—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-17-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the information that must be provided,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the form and manner in which it must be provided, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>when (or by when) it must be provided.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In specifying the form and manner in which information must be provided, an information notice may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>require documents, or copies of documents, to be produced;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>require the information to be provided in a form different from that in which it currently exists;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>require the regulated body to procure the attendance of an individual at a particular place and at a particular time in order to provide the information.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-5"><num>(5)</num><content>An information notice must explain the consequences of the notice under section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-5">(5)</ref> (if applicable) and section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref>.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-18"><num>18</num><heading>Power to issue interview notice</heading><subsection eId="section-18-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue an interview notice to a regulated body if the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to do so for any of the investigative purposes.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-18-2"><num>(2)</num><content>An interview notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to procure the attendance of an individual at a particular place and at a particular time in order to answer questions.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-18-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An interview notice must indicate in general terms the intended subject-matter of the questioning.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-18-4"><num>(4)</num><content>An interview notice must explain the consequences of the notice under sections <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-5">(5)</ref> and <ref href="#section-20">20</ref>.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-19"><num>19</num><heading>Notices requiring individual attendance</heading><subsection eId="section-19-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>This section applies in relation to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-19-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an information notice so far as it includes a requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref><ref href="#section-17-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-17-4-c">(c)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-19-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an interview notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The notice may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-19-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>identify a particular individual, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-19-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>describe a class of individuals.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The individual, or the individuals within that class, must be carrying out, or have carried out, paid work for the regulated body (in whatever capacity).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-4"><num>(4)</num><content>But that individual or those individuals need not have any further connection with the United Kingdom.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The regulated body complies with the notice if it takes all steps that it could reasonably be expected to take in order to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-19-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>procure the attendance of the identified individual, or an individual within the described class, at the place and time specified in the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-19-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>enable that individual to provide the information specified, or answer questions on the subject-matter indicated, in the notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The references in sections <ref href="#section-17">17</ref><ref href="#section-17-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-17-4-c">(c)</ref> and <ref href="#section-18">18</ref><ref href="#section-18-2">(2)</ref> to attendance at a particular place include attendance at a particular meeting held remotely by electronic means (and section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref><ref href="#section-20-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-20-3-c">(c)</ref><ref href="#section-20-3-c-i">(i)</ref> and <ref href="#section-20-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-20-4-c">(c)</ref><ref href="#section-20-4-c-i">(i)</ref> is to be read accordingly).</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-20"><num>20</num><heading>Offences of non-compliance</heading><subsection eId="section-20-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A regulated body commits an offence if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>fails to provide information as required by an information notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>provides, in purported compliance with an information notice, information that is false or misleading in a material respect, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>fails to comply with an information notice or interview notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-5">(5)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-2"><num>(2)</num><content>It is a defence for the regulated body to prove that it took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of the offence.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is an individual identified in an information notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-19-2-a">(a)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person has been made aware of the contents of the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>the person—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-20-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to attend at the place and time specified in the notice or provide information as required by the notice, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>provides, in purported compliance with the notice, information that is false or misleading in a material respect, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is an individual identified in an interview notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-19-2-a">(a)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person has been made aware of the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-4-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>the person—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to attend at the place and time specified in the notice,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>on being interviewed further to the notice, fails, without reasonable excuse, to answer a question, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>on being interviewed further to the notice, answers a question in a way that is false or misleading in a material particular, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person destroys, suppresses or alters, or causes or permits the destruction, suppression or alteration of, any information, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person does so with the intention of preventing the provision of accurate information in response to an information notice, or at an interview undertaken further to an interview notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-20-5">(5)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the reference to information required to be provided by an information notice includes anything in or on which that information is recorded;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the references to suppressing information include destroying the means of reproducing information recorded otherwise than in a legible form.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-21"><num>21</num><heading>Enforcement by court</heading><content>The High Court or the Court of Session may, on application by the Secretary of State, make such order as the court thinks fit in order to secure compliance with an information notice or interview notice by the person to whom it is issued.</content></section><section eId="section-22"><num>22</num><heading>Use of information obtained</heading><subsection eId="section-22-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-22-2">(2)</ref> to <ref href="#section-22-4">(4)</ref> apply to information obtained as a result of the exercise of a power in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref> or <ref href="#section-18">18</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may use the information for any of the investigative purposes in relation to any regulated body, irrespective of the purpose for which it was initially obtained.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If the information is shared with an overseas authority, it must be shared on terms designed to prevent the overseas authority from—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-22-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>using the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was disclosed, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-22-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>further sharing the information,</content></level><wrapUp>without the Secretary of State’s consent.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State may also use the information for the purposes of the arrangements put in place under section <ref href="#section-38">38</ref> (monitoring and assessing the general performance of automated vehicles).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-22-6">(6)</ref> applies to a statement made by a person in response to a notice under section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref> or <ref href="#section-18">18</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In any criminal proceedings against the person who made the statement, no evidence relating to the statement may be adduced, and no question relating to it may be asked, by or on behalf of the prosecution.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-22-6">(6)</ref> does not apply—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-22-7-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>if the proceedings are for—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref>, <ref href="#section-24">24</ref>, <ref href="#section-25">25</ref> or <ref href="#section-30">30</ref>,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an offence under section 5 of the Perjury Act 1911 (false statutory declarations and other false statements without oath),</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>an offence under section 44(2) of the Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995 (false statements and declarations), or</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-22-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in any other proceedings, if evidence relating to the information is adduced, or a question relating to the information is asked, by or on behalf of the person who provided it.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-8"><num>(8)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-overseas-authority" eId="term-overseas-authority">overseas authority</term>” has the meaning indicated by section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref><ref href="#section-16-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-23"><num>23</num><heading>Supplementary provision</heading><subsection eId="section-23-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Where the Secretary of State has issued an information notice or an interview notice to a regulated body, the Secretary of State may by further notice issued to that body—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-23-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-23-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>vary it in any way that does not make it more onerous.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-23-2"><num>(2)</num><content>For the purposes of the sections from section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref> to this section, a person who has ceased to be a regulated body is to be treated, in relation to anything that occurred when the person was a regulated body, as if the person were still a regulated body.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-3-crossheading-offences-relating-to-information-about-safety"><heading>Offences relating to information about safety</heading><section eId="section-24"><num>24</num><heading>False or withheld information relevant to vehicle safety</heading><subsection eId="section-24-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is, or is seeking to become, a regulated body,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the person provides to the Secretary of State—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-24-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>information about a vehicle for which the person is, has been, or is seeking to become responsible, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-24-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>other information in connection with the person’s role (or proposed role) as a regulated body, and</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is false or misleading in a respect in which it is relevant to the safety of the person’s automated vehicle operations.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Subsections <ref href="#section-24-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#section-24-4">(4)</ref> apply where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person is, or is seeking to become, a regulated body,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the person is required by—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-24-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>a regulatory requirement, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-24-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an information notice under section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref>,</content></level><wrapUp>to provide information to the Secretary of State, and</wrapUp></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is relevant to the safety of the person’s automated vehicle operations.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-3"><num>(3)</num><content>That person commits an offence if the person fails to provide the information as required.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Any person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person destroys, suppresses or alters, or causes or permits the destruction, suppression or alteration of, the information, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person does so with the intention of preventing the provision of accurate information in accordance with the requirement or notice concerned.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-24-4">(4)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the reference to the information includes anything in or on which that information is recorded;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the references to suppressing information include destroying the means of reproducing information recorded otherwise than in a legible form.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, information is relevant to the safety of a person’s automated vehicle operations if it would affect a reasonable observer’s assessment—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of a person who is, or is seeking to become, an authorised self-driving entity, of how safely a vehicle for which the person is (or would be) the authorised self-driving entity is likely to travel while an authorised automation feature is engaged, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a person who is, or is seeking to become, a licensed no-user-in-charge operator, of how safely a vehicle is likely to undertake a no-user-in-charge journey that is overseen by the person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-7"><num>(7)</num><content>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-24-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-24-3">(3)</ref> to prove that the person took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of the offence.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-25"><num>25</num><heading>Aggravated offence where death or serious injury occurs</heading><subsection eId="section-25-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person has committed an offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref><ref href="#section-24-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-24-3">(3)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>had information been provided in a way that avoided the commission of any such offence, that information would have disclosed a heightened risk that a vehicle in which an authorised automation feature is engaged would be involved in a dangerous incident of a particular kind,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a vehicle in which that feature is engaged is involved in a dangerous incident of that kind, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>an individual is killed or seriously injured as a result of that incident.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person has committed an offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref><ref href="#section-24-4">(4)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the conduct constituting the offence prevented the provision of accurate information to the Secretary of State,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>had that information been provided in the way that that conduct prevented, it would have disclosed a heightened risk that a vehicle in which an authorised automation feature is engaged would be involved in a dangerous incident of a particular kind,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>a vehicle in which that feature is engaged is involved in a dangerous incident of that kind, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>an individual is killed or seriously injured as a result of that incident.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>For the purposes of subsections <ref href="#section-25-1">(1)</ref> and <ref href="#section-25-2">(2)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>information would have “disclosed a heightened risk” if it would have caused a reasonable person to perceive a greater risk than the person would have perceived from the information (if any) that was in fact provided when the offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> occurred;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-dangerous-incident" eId="term-dangerous-incident">dangerous incident</term>” means an incident of a sort that carries an obvious risk of serious injury to an individual.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-4"><num>(4)</num><content>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that the offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> had, by the time the dangerous incident occurred, no significant continuing effect on the risk of its occurring.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years or a fine (or both).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury" eId="term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in England and Wales, physical harm which amounts to grievous bodily harm for the purposes of the Offences against the Person Act 1861;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in Scotland, severe physical injury.</content></level></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-3-crossheading-liability-of-individuals"><heading>Liability of individuals</heading><section eId="section-26"><num>26</num><heading>Liability of nominated individual</heading><subsection eId="section-26-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-26-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person (“<term refersTo="#term-b" eId="term-b">B</term>”) who is, or is seeking to become, a regulated body commits an offence under section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref> or <ref href="#section-24">24</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-26-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>at the time of that offence, another person (“<term refersTo="#term-a" eId="term-a">A</term>”) is the nominated individual for the information to which the offence relates,</content></level><wrapUp>A also commits the offence.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-26-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-26-1">(1)</ref>, A is the nominated individual for information if A stands nominated by B as the individual responsible for the information further to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-26-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorisation requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-15">15</ref><ref href="#section-15-1">(1)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-26-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>operator licensing regulations of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-15">15</ref><ref href="#section-15-2">(2)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-26-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In determining for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-26-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-26-1-a">(a)</ref> whether an offence has been committed by B, the defence in section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref><ref href="#section-20-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-24">24</ref><ref href="#section-24-7">(7)</ref> is to be ignored.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-26-4"><num>(4)</num><content>It is a defence for A to prove that A took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of the offence by B.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-27"><num>27</num><heading>Liability of senior manager</heading><subsection eId="section-27-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-27-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an individual (“<term refersTo="#term-a" eId="term-a">A</term>”) is a relevant senior manager of a relevant entity (“<term refersTo="#term-b" eId="term-b">B</term>”),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>B commits an offence under section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref> or <ref href="#section-24">24</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>A consents to or connives in the commission of the offence by B,</content></level><wrapUp>A also commits the offence.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-27-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A is a “relevant senior manager” of B if A plays a significant role in making decisions about how—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-27-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the activities of B as a whole, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the relevant activities of B,</content></level><wrapUp>are managed or organised.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-27-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In subsection <ref href="#section-27-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-27-2-b">(b)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-the-relevant-activities" eId="term-the-relevant-activities">the relevant activities</term>” means the activities to which the relevant information relates; and in this subsection “<term refersTo="#term-the-relevant-information" eId="term-the-relevant-information">the relevant information</term>” means the information to which the offence mentioned in subsection <ref href="#section-27-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-27-1-b">(b)</ref> relates.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-27-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-27-1">(1)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-entity" eId="term-relevant-entity">relevant entity</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-27-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a body corporate,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a partnership, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a firm or other entity similar in nature to a partnership established under a foreign law.</content></level></subsection></section></hcontainer></chapter><chapter eId="part-1-chapter-4"><num>Chapter 4</num><heading>Powers to investigate premises used by regulated bodies</heading><section eId="section-28"><num>28</num><heading>Warrants for entry, search and seizure</heading><subsection eId="section-28-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A justice of the peace may, if satisfied that the conditions in subsection <ref href="#section-28-2">(2)</ref> are met, grant a warrant to the Secretary of State authorising the exercise of the powers in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref> in relation to premises identified in the warrant.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-28-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The conditions are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-28-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that the premises are being used by a regulated body,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>that it is appropriate to grant the warrant for any of the investigative purposes (see section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref>), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>that it is necessary to grant the warrant for one of the reasons given in subsection <ref href="#section-28-3">(3)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-28-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The reasons are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-28-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that an information notice or interview notice has been issued to the regulated body and not complied with;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>that there is reason to believe that, if an information notice or interview notice were issued to the regulated body, it would not be complied with;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>that an information notice or interview notice to which section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref> applies has been issued to the regulated body but has not succeeded in obtaining the information that it sought to obtain;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>that the need to exercise the powers is too urgent to await the obtaining of information further to an information notice or interview notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-28-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A justice of the peace may be satisfied that the conditions in subsection <ref href="#section-28-2">(2)</ref> are met only on the basis of information or evidence given on oath on behalf of the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-28-5"><num>(5)</num><content>References in this section to a justice of the peace include a sheriff in Scotland.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-28-6"><num>(6)</num><content>For the purposes of this section, a person who has ceased to be a regulated body is to be treated, in relation to anything that occurred when the person was a regulated body, as if the person were still a regulated body.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-29"><num>29</num><heading>Powers exercisable under warrant</heading><subsection eId="section-29-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The powers in this section are powers to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>enter the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>search the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>examine any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises (including by operating a computer or other device in order to gain access to information);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>seize any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises and remove it;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-e"><num>(e)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises, or any information contained in or accessible by means of any such document, equipment, item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-f"><num>(f)</num><intro>require any person on the premises to provide information or assistance for the purpose of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-29-1-f-i"><num>(i)</num><content>enabling or facilitating the exercise of the preceding powers, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-29-1-f-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allowing anything inspected, seized or recorded in the exercise of those powers to be better understood.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person exercising those powers—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-29-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>may do so only so far as the person reasonably considers necessary for any of the investigative purposes (see section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref>), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in particular, may not exercise the power to seize and remove something unless the person considers that exercising the power to record it would be insufficient.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-3"><num>(3)</num><content>A warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref> is to be executed (and the powers in this section accordingly exercised) on behalf of the Secretary of State by a person authorised in writing by the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-4"><num>(4)</num><content>That person may take other persons, equipment and materials onto the premises for the purposes of assisting in the exercise of the powers in this section.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person so taken onto the premises may also exercise the powers in this section on behalf of the Secretary of State if the person is in the company, and under the supervision, of the person authorised under subsection <ref href="#section-29-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-6"><num>(6)</num><content>A person exercising the powers in this section may use reasonable force if necessary (except to enforce a requirement under subsection <ref href="#section-29-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-29-1-f">(f)</ref>).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref> authorises the exercise of the powers in this section—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-29-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>only at a reasonable hour,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>only within a period of one month beginning with the day on which it is issued, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>only on one occasion, unless the warrant specifies a greater number of occasions;</content></level><wrapUp>and may be granted subject to further conditions or limitations.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>On each occasion on which premises are entered further to a warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref>, the person executing the warrant—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>must be accompanied by a constable until entry to the premises is fully secured;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>must give a copy of the warrant to any person appearing to be in charge of the premises at the earliest opportunity (if possible before entering the premises);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if no such copy is given during the period of entry on the premises, must leave a copy of the warrant in a prominent place on the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-d"><num>(d)</num><content>must produce, on request by any person appearing to be in charge of the premises, proof of identity and of authorisation under subsection <ref href="#section-29-3">(3)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-e"><num>(e)</num><content>if no person appearing to be in charge of the premises is present when the person executing the warrant is on the premises, must leave the premises as effectively secured against trespassers as that person found them.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-9"><num>(9)</num><content>The Secretary of State must arrange for the publication of information on the exercise of the powers in this section at such intervals as seem appropriate.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-30"><num>30</num><heading>Offences of impeding execution of warrant</heading><subsection eId="section-30-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if the person—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-30-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>intentionally obstructs a person in the exercise of the powers in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-30-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with a requirement made of the person in the exercise of those powers, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-30-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in response to such a requirement, makes a statement that is false or misleading in a material respect, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-30-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-30-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-30-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-30-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-31"><num>31</num><heading>Seizure of items</heading><subsection eId="section-31-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies where a person exercises the power of seizure and removal in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref><ref href="#section-29-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-29-1-d">(d)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-31-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The person must, on request by any person appearing to be in charge of the premises—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-31-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>give a receipt for the thing seized, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-31-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a document readily capable of being copied, give a copy of it.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-31-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The thing seized may be retained in the possession of the Secretary of State for so long as the Secretary of State considers necessary for any of the investigative purposes (irrespective of the purpose for which it was initially obtained).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-31-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For any such purpose, a person acting on behalf of the Secretary of State may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-31-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>examine the thing seized (using reasonable force if necessary), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-31-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any information obtained from the thing seized.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-31-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about how the thing seized is to be dealt with.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-31-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-31-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>authorise the retention or use of the thing seized for purposes other than the investigatory purposes;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-31-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>authorise the delivery of the thing seized to a person other than its owner;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-31-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>authorise the destruction of the thing seized.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-32"><num>32</num><heading>Return of warrant</heading><subsection eId="section-32-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If a warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref> is executed, the person who executed it must return it to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement summarising the exercise of the powers in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-32-2"><num>(2)</num><content>If a warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref> is not executed, the Secretary of State must return it to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement stating that it was not executed.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-33"><num>33</num><heading>Use of information obtained</heading><subsection eId="section-33-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-22-2">(2)</ref> to <ref href="#section-22-4">(4)</ref> of section <ref href="#section-22">22</ref> (use of information for the investigative purposes) apply to information obtained as a result of the exercise of a power in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref> or <ref href="#section-31">31</ref> as they apply to information obtained as a result of the exercise of a power in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref> or <ref href="#section-18">18</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-33-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-22-6">(6)</ref> and <ref href="#section-22-7">(7)</ref> of section <ref href="#section-22">22</ref> (admissibility of information in criminal proceedings) apply to a statement made by a person in response to a requirement under section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref><ref href="#section-29-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-29-1-f">(f)</ref> as they apply to a statement made by a person in response to a notice under section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref> or <ref href="#section-18">18</ref>.</content></subsection></section></chapter><chapter eId="part-1-chapter-5"><num>Chapter 5</num><heading>Civil sanctions against regulated bodies</heading><section eId="section-34"><num>34</num><heading>Compliance notices</heading><subsection eId="section-34-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue a compliance notice to a regulated body if satisfied that a regulatory requirement is not, or has not been, met by the body.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue a compliance notice to an authorised self-driving entity if satisfied that an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the entity was responsible for it.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-34-2">(2)</ref> does not apply if it appears to the Secretary of State that the commission of the traffic infraction was wholly caused by a failure of a licensed no-user-in-charge operator to comply with a requirement under operator licensing regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A compliance notice is a notice requiring the person to whom it is issued to take such actions within subsection <ref href="#section-34-5">(5)</ref> as are specified in the notice.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The actions that may be specified are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-34-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of a notice under subsection <ref href="#section-34-1">(1)</ref>, actions that the Secretary of State considers appropriate in order to secure, or make it more likely, that the regulated body complies with the regulatory requirement in the future;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-34-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a notice under subsection <ref href="#section-34-2">(2)</ref>, actions that the Secretary of State considers appropriate in order to avoid, or make less likely, the future commission of similar traffic infractions by authorised automated vehicles for which the authorised self-driving entity is responsible.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The actions may be specified by referring (with or without further particulars) to the actions necessary to achieve a result described in the notice.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A compliance notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-34-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-34-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, or period during which, the specified actions must be taken.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-8"><num>(8)</num><content>The reference in subsection <ref href="#section-34-4">(4)</ref> to taking action includes refraining from taking action; and “actions” in this section is to be read accordingly.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-35"><num>35</num><heading>Redress notices</heading><subsection eId="section-35-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may issue a redress notice to a regulated body if satisfied that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-35-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a regulatory requirement is not, or has not been, met by the body, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-35-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>as a result, users of roads in Great Britain have suffered loss, damage, inconvenience or annoyance.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may issue a redress notice to an authorised self-driving entity if satisfied that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-35-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the entity was responsible for it, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-35-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>as a result, users of roads in Great Britain have suffered loss, damage, inconvenience or annoyance.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-35-2">(2)</ref> does not apply if it appears to the Secretary of State that the commission of the traffic infraction was wholly caused by a failure of a licensed no-user-in-charge operator to comply with a requirement under operator licensing regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A redress notice is a notice requiring the person to whom it is issued to take such actions within subsection <ref href="#section-35-5">(5)</ref> as are specified in the notice.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The actions that may be specified are actions that the Secretary of State considers appropriate in order to rectify, mitigate, or compensate for (whether directly or indirectly) the loss, damage, inconvenience or annoyance that has been suffered.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>A redress notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-35-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-35-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, or period during which, the specified actions must be taken.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-7"><num>(7)</num><content>If a redress notice requires a regulated body to pay a sum of money to another person, the sum may be recovered by that person as a civil debt.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-8"><num>(8)</num><content>The reference in subsection <ref href="#section-35-4">(4)</ref> to taking action includes refraining from taking action; and “actions” in this section is to be read accordingly.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-9"><num>(9)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-users-of-roads" eId="term-users-of-roads">users of roads</term>” includes persons exercising statutory functions in relation to roads.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-36"><num>36</num><heading>Monetary penalties</heading><subsection eId="section-36-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may issue a monetary penalty notice to a regulated body if satisfied that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a regulatory requirement is not, or has not been, met by the body, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the body has failed to comply with—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>an information notice,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an interview notice,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>a compliance notice, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-iv"><num>(iv)</num><content>a redress notice.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue a monetary penalty notice to an authorised self-driving entity if satisfied that an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the entity was responsible for it.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-36-2">(2)</ref> does not apply if it appears to the Secretary of State that the commission of the traffic infraction was wholly caused by a failure of a licensed no-user-in-charge operator to comply with a requirement under operator licensing regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A monetary penalty notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to pay a monetary penalty, of a sum specified in the notice, to the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-36-6">(6)</ref> applies in relation to a monetary penalty notice issued under subsection <ref href="#section-36-1">(1)</ref> if it appears to the Secretary of State that the failure to which the notice relates is or may be a continuing one.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The monetary penalty notice may provide for a sum specified in the notice to be added to the penalty for each day in the period—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>beginning with the day after the day on which the notice is issued, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-6-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>ending with—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-36-6-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the day on which the failure is brought to an end, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-6-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>such earlier day as is specified in the notice.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A monetary penalty notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the penalty must be paid.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>If a monetary penalty is not paid in time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the penalty (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the Secretary of State may recover the penalty (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must, by regulations, provide for the determination of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a maximum sum that may be specified under subsection <ref href="#section-36-4">(4)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-9-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a maximum sum that may be specified under subsection <ref href="#section-36-6">(6)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-10"><num>(10)</num><intro>Those regulations may determine the sum by reference to the turnover of the regulated body or other entities or undertakings that are connected with the regulated body in a manner specified in the regulations; and if they do so they may also make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-10-a"><num>(a)</num><content>what counts as “turnover”;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-10-b"><num>(b)</num><content>how turnover is to be calculated or assessed.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-11"><num>(11)</num><content>A regulated body is not, in respect of the same conduct or omission, liable both to conviction of an offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> or <ref href="#section-25">25</ref> and to a monetary penalty under this section (so the occurrence of one, unless overturned or cancelled, means that the other can no longer take place).</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-37"><num>37</num><heading>Supplementary provision</heading><subsection eId="section-37-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A single noticed issued under this Chapter may relate to more than one occurrence by virtue of which the power to issue the notice arises (or is said to arise).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-37-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Where the Secretary of State has issued a notice to a regulated body under this Chapter, the Secretary of State may by further notice issued to that body—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-37-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-37-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>vary it in any way that does not make it more onerous.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-37-3"><num>(3)</num><intro><ref href="#schedule-1-part-2">Part 2</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-1">Schedule 1</ref> makes provision—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-37-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>about the procedure applicable in connection with compliance notices, redress notices and monetary penalty notices (including the recovery of costs and rights of appeal), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-37-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>for the assignment of functions under this Chapter to traffic commissioners.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-37-4"><num>(4)</num><content>For the purposes of this Chapter, a person who has ceased to be a regulated body is to be treated, in relation to anything that occurred when the person was a regulated body, as if the person were still a regulated body.</content></subsection></section></chapter><chapter eId="part-1-chapter-6"><num>Chapter 6</num><heading>Other regulatory powers and duties</heading><section eId="section-38"><num>38</num><heading>General monitoring duty</heading><subsection eId="section-38-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must put in place arrangements that the Secretary of State considers effective and proportionate for monitoring and assessing the general performance of authorised automated vehicles on roads and other public places in Great Britain.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-38-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Those arrangements must, in particular, include monitoring and assessing the extent to which that performance is consistent with the statement of safety principles.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-38-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State must, as soon as practicable after the end of each reporting period, publish a report setting out the Secretary of State’s conclusions from the monitoring and assessment undertaken in accordance with this section.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-38-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, each of the following periods is a “reporting period”—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-38-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the period of 12 months beginning with the month in which the first grant of an automated vehicle authorisation takes effect, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-38-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>each subsequent period of 12 months.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-39"><num>39</num><heading>Duty with respect to incidents with potential regulatory consequences</heading><subsection eId="section-39-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must put in place arrangements that the Secretary of State considers effective and proportionate for—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-39-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>identifying the occurrence of relevant incidents,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-39-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>enquiring into the causes of those incidents (including by means of the investigative powers), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-39-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>deciding whether any of the enforcement powers should be exercised in response.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-39-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-relevant-incidents" eId="term-relevant-incidents">relevant incidents</term>” means incidents that—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>occur on a road or other public place,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>involve an authorised automated vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>reveal grounds for enquiring into whether any of the enforcement powers has become exercisable as a result of the incident;</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-investigative-powers" eId="term-the-investigative-powers">the investigative powers</term>” means the powers in sections <ref href="#section-16">16</ref> to <ref href="#section-23">23</ref> and <ref href="#part-1-chapter-4">Chapter 4</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-enforcement-powers" eId="term-the-enforcement-powers">the enforcement powers</term>” means the powers in section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#part-1-chapter-5">Chapter 5</ref>.</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-39-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The investigative powers do not limit what the Secretary of State may do for the purposes of the arrangements put in place under subsection <ref href="#section-39-1">(1)</ref> without relying on powers of coercion.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-40"><num>40</num><heading>Power to require reports from police and local authorities</heading><subsection eId="section-40-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, require an authority within subsection <ref href="#section-40-3">(3)</ref> to report to the Secretary of State incidents which—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-40-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occur in the area of the authority, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>are of a description set out in the regulations.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Such regulations may limit the requirement to cases in which the Secretary of State requests a report.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The authorities within this subsection are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a chief officer of police;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a strategic highways company;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the Scottish Ministers (in their capacity as roads authority or traffic authority);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the Welsh Ministers (in their capacity as highways authority or traffic authority);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>a combined authority (established under section 103 of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009) that exercises functions in relation to highways or road traffic;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-f"><num>(f)</num><content>a county council or county borough council;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-g"><num>(g)</num><content>a district council for an area for which there is no county council;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-h"><num>(h)</num><content>a council constituted under section 2 of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-i"><num>(i)</num><content>Transport for London;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-j"><num>(j)</num><content>a London borough council;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-k"><num>(k)</num><content>the Common Council of the City of London (in its capacity as a local authority);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-l"><num>(l)</num><content>the Council of the Isles of Scilly.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Regulations under this section must be framed with the intention that only relevant incidents, or incidents that may be found to be relevant incidents, will be reported.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-5"><num>(5)</num><content>In subsection <ref href="#section-40-4">(4)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-incidents" eId="term-relevant-incidents">relevant incidents</term>” has the same meaning as in section <ref href="#section-39">39</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-6"><num>(6)</num><content>Regulations under this section require incidents to be reported only so far as the authority in question has obtained information about them in the performance of its functions.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-7"><num>(7)</num><content>Regulations under this section may contain provision about the timing, form and contents of reports.</content></subsection></section></chapter><chapter eId="part-1-chapter-7"><num>Chapter 7</num><heading>Supplementary provision</heading><section eId="section-41"><num>41</num><heading>Notices</heading><subsection eId="section-41-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to secure that the Secretary of State has available at all times—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-41-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a postal address, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-41-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an electronic address,</content></level><wrapUp>which can be used to issue notices under this Part to an authorised self-driving entity.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-41-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>If the Secretary of State makes operator licensing regulations, the regulations must include provision designed to secure that the Secretary of State has available at all times—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-41-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a postal address, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-41-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an electronic address,</content></level><wrapUp>which can be used to issue notices under this Part to a licensed no-user-in-charge operator.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-41-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A notice issued under this Part to a regulated body is to be taken for the purposes of this Part to be issued at—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-41-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the time at which it is received by the regulated body, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-41-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>if earlier, the time at which it would in the ordinary course of events be received by the regulated body (taking account of the means by which it is issued).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-41-4"><num>(4)</num><content>It is to be assumed for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-41-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-41-3-b">(b)</ref> that the regulated body will receive a notice sent to an address made available to the Secretary of State further to authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations or the sort described in subsection <ref href="#section-41-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-41-2">(2)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-41-5"><num>(5)</num><content>For the purposes of subsections <ref href="#section-41-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#section-41-4">(4)</ref>, a regulated body “receives” a notice when it would first be possible for an individual acting on behalf of the body to view the notice.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-41-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-electronic-address" eId="term-electronic-address">electronic address</term>” includes any form of information that enables a written electronic communication to be directed to a particular recipient.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-42"><num>42</num><heading>Protection of information</heading><subsection eId="section-42-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>This section applies in relation to information that a person obtains—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>further to authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-14">14</ref><ref href="#section-14-1">(1)</ref> and <ref href="#section-14-2">(2)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>as a result of the exercise of a power in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref>, <ref href="#section-18">18</ref> or <ref href="#section-29">29</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>further to regulations under section <ref href="#section-40">40</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-the-recipient" eId="term-the-recipient">the recipient</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person who obtains the information as described in subsection <ref href="#section-42-1">(1)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any other person to whom the information is subsequently disclosed.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations authorising the recipient to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to another person for a purpose specified in the regulations, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>It is an offence for the recipient to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to another person, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained,</content></level><wrapUp>except as authorised by regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-42-3">(3)</ref> or any other enactment.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>But it is a defence to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person from whom the information was obtained as described in subsection <ref href="#section-42-1">(1)</ref> consented to the disclosure or use, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the recipient reasonably believed that the disclosure or use was lawful, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a disclosure, that the information had already lawfully been disclosed to the other person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-42-4">(4)</ref> is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England and Wales, to a fine;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to a fine.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A provision made by or under this Part that authorises the disclosure or use of the information is not to be taken to authorise disclosure or use that would be liable to harm the commercial interests of any person, except to the extent that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the provision otherwise provides, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person disclosing or using the information reasonably considers such disclosure or use necessary in view of the purpose of the provision.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-43"><num>43</num><heading>Fees</heading><subsection eId="section-43-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If fees are made payable as mentioned in section <ref href="#section-6">6</ref><ref href="#section-6-5">(5)</ref> or <ref href="#section-13">13</ref><ref href="#section-13-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-13-3-b">(b)</ref><ref href="#section-13-3-b-ii">(ii)</ref>, the amount of such a fee may be determined by reference to any costs incurred, or likely to be incurred, by the Secretary of State or by a traffic commissioner in connection with any function under this Part (whether or not directly related to what the fee is for).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-43-2"><num>(2)</num><content>But a given amount of costs (or likely costs) may not be taken into account more than once in determining amounts of fees under this Part.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-43-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Money received by a traffic commissioner as a result of regulations under section <ref href="#section-13">13</ref> must be paid into the Consolidated Fund in such manner as the Treasury may direct.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-44"><num>44</num><heading>Interpretation</heading><subsection eId="section-44-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>In this Part—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorisation-conditions" eId="term-authorisation-conditions">authorisation conditions</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref><ref href="#section-5-2">(2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorisation-requirement" eId="term-authorisation-requirement">authorisation requirement</term>” means a requirement imposed by regulations under section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automation-feature" eId="term-authorised-automation-feature">authorised automation feature</term>” means a feature identified in an automated vehicle authorisation further to section <ref href="#section-4">4</ref><ref href="#section-4-1">(1)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-locations-and-circumstances" eId="term-authorised-locations-and-circumstances">authorised locations and circumstances</term>”—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>in relation to an authorised automation feature, means the locations and circumstances specified in relation to that feature further to section <ref href="#section-4">4</ref><ref href="#section-4-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-4-3-c">(c)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>in relation to an authorised automated vehicle, means the locations and circumstances so specified in relation to the authorised automation features of the vehicle (taken as a whole);</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-no-user-in-charge-feature" eId="term-authorised-no-user-in-charge-feature">authorised no-user-in-charge feature</term>” means an authorised automation feature whose mode of operation is specified in the automated vehicle authorisation as no-user-in-charge;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-self-driving-entity" eId="term-authorised-self-driving-entity">authorised self-driving entity</term>” means a person for the time being designated under authorisation requirements of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-6">6</ref><ref href="#section-6-1">(1)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature" eId="term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature">authorised user-in-charge feature</term>” means an authorised automation feature whose mode of operation is specified in the automated vehicle authorisation as user-in-charge;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-automated-vehicle-authorisation" eId="term-automated-vehicle-authorisation">automated vehicle authorisation</term>” means an authorisation under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-control" eId="term-control">control</term>” and related expressions are to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-6">(6)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-equipment" eId="term-equipment">equipment</term>” of a vehicle includes software, and any electronic equipment outside the vehicle, that interacts with equipment in the vehicle;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-feature" eId="term-feature">feature</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-4">(4)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-initial-authorisation-requirement" eId="term-initial-authorisation-requirement">initial authorisation requirement</term>” means an authorisation requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref><ref href="#section-5-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-5-1-a">(a)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-investigative-purposes" eId="term-the-investigative-purposes">the investigative purposes</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref><ref href="#section-16-1">(1)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator" eId="term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator">licensed no-user-in-charge operator</term>” means a person for the time being licensed under operator licensing regulations;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-no-user-in-charge-journey" eId="term-no-user-in-charge-journey">no-user-in-charge journey</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref><ref href="#section-12-2">(2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-ongoing-authorisation-requirement" eId="term-ongoing-authorisation-requirement">ongoing authorisation requirement</term>” means an authorisation requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref><ref href="#section-5-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-5-1-b">(b)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-operator-licensing-regulations" eId="term-operator-licensing-regulations">operator licensing regulations</term>” means regulations under section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-overseen" eId="term-overseen">overseen</term>”, in relation to a no-user-in-charge journey, is to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref><ref href="#section-12-3">(3)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-premises" eId="term-premises">premises</term>” includes any land;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-regulated-body" eId="term-regulated-body">regulated body</term>” means an authorised self-driving entity or a licensed no-user-in-charge operator;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-regulatory-requirement" eId="term-regulatory-requirement">regulatory requirement</term>” means an authorisation requirement or a requirement under operator licensing regulations;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-safely" eId="term-safely">safely</term>” is to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-7">(7)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-statement-of-safety-principles" eId="term-the-statement-of-safety-principles">the statement of safety principles</term>” means the statement that has effect for the time being under section <ref href="#section-2">2</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-transition-demand" eId="term-transition-demand">transition demand</term>” and “transition period” are to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-2">(2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-travels-autonomously" eId="term-travels-autonomously">travels autonomously</term>” and related expressions are to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-5">(5)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-user-in-charge" eId="term-user-in-charge">user-in-charge</term>” has the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-2">Part 2</ref> (see section <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-vary" eId="term-vary">vary</term>” and related expressions are to be read, in relation to an automated vehicle authorisation, in accordance with section <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-1">(1)</ref>.</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-44-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>For the purposes of this Part, a vehicle “commits a traffic infraction” if, while an authorised automation feature of the vehicle is engaged, the vehicle does anything that would, were an individual in control of it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-44-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>amount to the commission of an offence by that individual, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-44-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>cause a person to become liable to a penalty charge under an enactment relating to road traffic.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-44-3"><num>(3)</num><content>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-44-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-44-2-a">(a)</ref>, it is to be assumed that nothing can be proved about the mental state of the notional individual.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-44-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this Part, a regulated body is “responsible” for an authorised automated vehicle—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-44-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of an authorised self-driving entity, if the body is the authorised self-driving entity for the vehicle;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-44-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a licensed no-user-in-charge operator, when the vehicle undertakes a no-user-in-charge journey overseen by the body.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-44-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Any question arising under this Part as to whether an authorised automation feature is “engaged” or “disengaged” is to be determined in accordance with what is specified under section <ref href="#section-4">4</ref><ref href="#section-4-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-4-3-b">(b)</ref>.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-45"><num>45</num><heading>Related amendments</heading><content><ref href="#schedule-2">Schedule 2</ref> makes amendments in connection with this Part.</content></section></chapter></part>

<chapter xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="part-1-chapter-1"><num>Chapter 1</num><heading>Authorisation of road vehicles for automated use</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-1-crossheading-selfdriving-capability"><heading>Self-driving capability</heading><section eId="section-1"><num>1</num><heading>Basic concepts</heading><subsection eId="section-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies for the purposes of this Part.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A vehicle “satisfies the self-driving test” if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>it is designed or adapted with the intention that a feature of the vehicle will allow it to travel autonomously, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>it is capable of doing so, by means of that feature, safely and legally.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Whether a vehicle satisfies the test is to be assessed by reference to the location and circumstances of that intended travel (and may differ in respect of different locations and circumstances).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A “feature” of a vehicle is a combination of mechanical or electronic operations that equipment of the vehicle performs.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A vehicle travels “autonomously” if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>it is being controlled not by an individual but by equipment of the vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>neither the vehicle nor its surroundings are being monitored by an individual with a view to immediate intervention in the driving of the vehicle.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-6"><num>(6)</num><content>References to “control” of a vehicle are to control of the motion of the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A vehicle that travels autonomously does so—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>“safely” if it travels to an acceptably safe standard, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>“legally” if it travels with an acceptably low risk of committing a traffic infraction.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-8"><num>(8)</num><content>In assessing whether a vehicle is capable of travelling autonomously and safely, the Secretary of State must have particular regard to the statement of safety principles.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-2"><num>2</num><heading>Statement of safety principles</heading><subsection eId="section-2-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must prepare a statement of the principles that the Secretary of State proposes to apply in assessing, for the purposes of this Part, whether a vehicle is capable of travelling autonomously and safely.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The principles must be framed with a view to securing that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-2-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>authorised automated vehicles will achieve a level of safety equivalent to, or higher than, that of careful and competent human drivers, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>road safety in Great Britain will be better as a result of the use of authorised automated vehicles on roads than it would otherwise be.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In preparing the statement, the Secretary of State must consult such representative organisations as the Secretary of State thinks fit.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Those organisations must include organisations appearing to the Secretary of State to represent—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-2-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the interests of businesses involved, or likely to be involved, in the manufacture or operation of mechanically propelled road vehicles designed to travel autonomously,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the interests of road users, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the cause of road safety.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The prepared statement must be laid before Parliament.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The statement takes effect if both Houses of Parliament resolve that it should.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The Secretary of State may revise or replace the statement that has effect under this section; and subsections <ref href="#section-2-2">(2)</ref> to <ref href="#section-2-5">(5)</ref> apply to a revision or replacement.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-8"><num>(8)</num><content>A revision or replacement takes effect at the end of the period of 40 days beginning with the day on which it is laid, unless either House resolves before then that it should not.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-2-8">(8)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-2-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>where a revision or replacement is laid before each House on different days, the later day is to be taken to be the day on which it was laid before both Houses, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-9-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in counting any period of 40 days, no account is to be taken of any time during which Parliament is dissolved or prorogued or during which both Houses are adjourned for more than four days.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-10"><num>(10)</num><content>The power in section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> may not be exercised until a statement has effect under this section.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-1-crossheading-grant-of-authorisation"><heading>Grant of authorisation</heading><section eId="section-3"><num>3</num><heading>Power to authorise</heading><subsection eId="section-3-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may authorise a road vehicle for use as an automated vehicle if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-3-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the opinion of the Secretary of State, the vehicle satisfies the self-driving test by reference to intended travel on a road (in at least some circumstances), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-3-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any applicable initial authorisation requirements are met (see section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref>).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-3-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An automated vehicle authorisation may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-3-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>be limited to an individual vehicle, or individual vehicles, identified in the authorisation, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-3-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>extend to all vehicles of a type described in the authorisation.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-3-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The description of a type under subsection <ref href="#section-3-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-3-2-b">(b)</ref> must be formulated with a view to securing that the Secretary of State’s assessment for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-3-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-3-1-a">(a)</ref>, and the contents of the authorisation, will be equally applicable in relation to any vehicle of that type.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-4"><num>4</num><heading>Authorised automation features</heading><subsection eId="section-4-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An automated vehicle authorisation must identify the feature or features by virtue of which (in the opinion of the Secretary of State) the vehicle satisfies the self-driving test.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>More than one feature may be identified if it appears to the Secretary of State that each can reasonably be characterised as amounting to a distinct capability of the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-4-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>In relation to each feature identified in the authorisation, the authorisation must specify—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-4-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>whether the mode of operation of the feature is “user-in-charge” or “no-user-in-charge”,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-4-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>how the feature is engaged and disengaged, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-4-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the locations and circumstances by reference to which (in the opinion of the Secretary of State) the vehicle satisfies the self-driving test by virtue of the feature.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-4-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The locations specified in the authorisation may include places other than roads.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-4-5"><num>(5)</num><content>If more than one feature is identified in an authorisation, the Secretary of State must discharge the duty in subsection <ref href="#section-4-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-4-3-b">(b)</ref> in a way that will make it possible to ascertain which feature (if any) is engaged at any given moment.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-1-crossheading-authorisation-requirements"><heading>Authorisation requirements</heading><section eId="section-5"><num>5</num><heading>Authorisation requirements and conditions</heading><subsection eId="section-5-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, impose requirements (“authorisation requirements”) that must be met—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-5-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>for a vehicle to be authorised under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> (“initial authorisation requirements”), or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-5-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>as a condition of a vehicle remaining authorised (“ongoing authorisation requirements”).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-5-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Ongoing authorisation requirements may include a requirement for compliance with any conditions that the Secretary of State attaches to an individual authorisation (“authorisation conditions”).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-5-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Authorisation conditions may relate to anything to which authorisation requirements may relate.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-5-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A duty in relation to the imposition of authorisation requirements may be met (in whole or in part) by means of an authorisation requirement of the sort described in subsection <ref href="#section-5-2">(2)</ref> in combination with authorisation conditions.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-6"><num>6</num><heading>Authorised self-driving entities</heading><subsection eId="section-6-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to secure that, in respect of each automated vehicle authorisation, a person is designated as the “authorised self-driving entity” for the authorised vehicle at all times.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-6-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Authorisation requirements may include requirements that a person has to satisfy in order to be, or remain, an authorised self-driving entity.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-6-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to secure, so far as the Secretary of State considers reasonably practicable, that the following objectives are met.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-6-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The objectives are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-6-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that an authorised self-driving entity should have general responsibility for ensuring that an authorised automated vehicle continues to satisfy the self-driving test by virtue of its authorised automation features, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-6-4-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>that an authorised self-driving entity should be—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-6-4-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>of good repute,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-6-4-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>of good financial standing, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-6-4-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>capable of competently discharging any authorisation requirements imposed on it for the purposes of paragraph <ref href="#section-6-4-a">(a)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-6-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Authorisation requirements may include requirements as to the payment of fees by authorised self-driving entities for the grant or continuation of an automated vehicle authorisation.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-7"><num>7</num><heading>Transition demands</heading><subsection eId="section-7-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-7-3">(3)</ref> applies if authorisation requirements in relation to a vehicle with an authorised user-in-charge feature require the vehicle to be able to issue a transition demand while that feature is engaged.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-7-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A “transition demand” is a demand, communicated by equipment of a vehicle in which an authorised user-in-charge feature is engaged, that the user-in-charge assume control of the vehicle by the end of a period of time beginning with the communication of the demand (the “transition period”).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-7-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to secure, so far as Secretary of State considers reasonably practicable, that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the transition demand will be capable of being perceived by anyone who might legally be a user-in-charge of the vehicle (having regard in particular to users-in-charge with disabilities),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the transition period will be long enough for the user-in-charge to prepare to assume, and assume, control of the vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the vehicle will continue to travel autonomously, safely and legally during the transition period,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>equipment of the vehicle will make a further communication at the end of the transition period to alert the user-in-charge to the ending of the period, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>the vehicle will deal safely with a situation where the user-in-charge fails to assume control by the end of the transition period.</content></level></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-1-crossheading-variation-suspension-and-withdrawal-of-authorisation"><heading>Variation, suspension and withdrawal of authorisation</heading><section eId="section-8"><num>8</num><heading>Power to vary, suspend or withdraw</heading><subsection eId="section-8-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may vary, suspend or withdraw an automated vehicle authorisation with the agreement of the authorised self-driving entity for the authorised automated vehicle concerned.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may vary, suspend or withdraw an automated vehicle authorisation without that agreement if the Secretary of State is satisfied that a unilateral ground has arisen in respect of the authorisation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may suspend or temporarily vary an automated vehicle authorisation without that agreement if the Secretary of State—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>suspects that a unilateral ground has arisen in respect of the authorisation, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>proposes to enquire into whether it has.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, a unilateral ground arises in respect of an authorisation if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorisation requirement is not or has not been met in respect of the authorised vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the authorised vehicle has committed a traffic infraction, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the authorised vehicle no longer satisfies the self-driving test by reference to all authorised locations and circumstances.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A suspension or variation under subsection <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> may not be kept in force after the process of enquiry has concluded, except for so long as may be necessary to allow action to be taken under subsection <ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-6"><num>(6)</num><content>An authorisation may be suspended or varied under subsection <ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> even if it is already suspended, or varied in the same way, under subsection <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> (in which case the new suspension or variation supersedes the existing one).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-7"><num>(7)</num><intro><ref href="#schedule-1-part-1">Part 1</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-1">Schedule 1</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>makes provision about the procedure applicable in connection with variation, suspension or withdrawal under subsection <ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> (including rights of appeal), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>provides for a further case in which an authorisation may be varied, suspended or withdrawn without agreement.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-9"><num>9</num><heading>Further provision about variation, suspension and withdrawal</heading><subsection eId="section-9-1"><num>(1)</num><content>References in this Part to varying an automated vehicle authorisation include varying, adding to or omitting authorisation conditions attached to the authorisation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The variation of an authorisation may be temporary or permanent.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An authorisation as varied must be such as the Secretary of State could grant anew.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The suspension or temporary variation of an authorisation—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>may be for a fixed period or indefinite, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>may be lifted or reversed by the Secretary of State at any time.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The suspension of an authorisation means that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the authorised automated vehicle in question is no longer to be considered such for the purposes of sections <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>, <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> and <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an authorised no-user-in-charge feature identified in the authorisation is no longer to be considered such for the purposes of section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref><ref href="#d25e5453">(2)</ref> of the Road Traffic Act 1988,</content></level><wrapUp>but does not otherwise affect the authorisation.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>A relevant authorisation measure takes effect—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>when notice of it is issued to the authorised self-driving entity for the authorised automated vehicle concerned, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>at such later time as is specified in the notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-9-6">(6)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-authorisation-measure" eId="term-relevant-authorisation-measure">relevant authorisation measure</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the variation, suspension or withdrawal of an automated vehicle authorisation,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the reversal of a variation,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the lifting of a suspension, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the restoration of a withdrawn authorisation (further to a direction under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3">3</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4">4</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-5">(5)</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-1">Schedule 1</ref>).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-8"><num>(8)</num><content>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to reduce the likelihood of a person’s unknowingly using a vehicle in a way that is no longer in accordance with an automated vehicle authorisation as a result of a variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-1-crossheading-administration"><heading>Administration</heading><section eId="section-10"><num>10</num><heading>Register of authorisations</heading><subsection eId="section-10-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must keep a public register of automated vehicle authorisations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-10-2"><num>(2)</num><content>An automated vehicle authorisation takes effect when it is entered in the register.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-10-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The register must record, in relation to each authorisation, the identity of the authorised self-driving entity for the authorised automated vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-10-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State must amend the register to reflect any relevant authorisation measure as soon as possible after it takes effect.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-10-5"><num>(5)</num><content>In subsection <ref href="#section-10-4">(4)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-authorisation-measure" eId="term-relevant-authorisation-measure">relevant authorisation measure</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-7">(7)</ref>.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-11"><num>11</num><heading>Regulations about authorisation procedure</heading><subsection eId="section-11-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations about the procedure to be followed in connection with—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-11-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the grant of automated vehicle authorisations;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the variation, suspension or withdrawal of automated vehicle authorisations with the agreement of the authorised self-driving entity.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-11-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular, make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the form and content of applications for authorisation, and by whom they may be made;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>fees payable in respect of applications for authorisation;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the examination of vehicles;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the notification of decisions;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>reviews of, or appeals against, decisions.</content></level></subsection></section></hcontainer></chapter>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-1"><num>1</num><heading>Basic concepts</heading><subsection eId="section-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies for the purposes of this Part.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A vehicle “satisfies the self-driving test” if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>it is designed or adapted with the intention that a feature of the vehicle will allow it to travel autonomously, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>it is capable of doing so, by means of that feature, safely and legally.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Whether a vehicle satisfies the test is to be assessed by reference to the location and circumstances of that intended travel (and may differ in respect of different locations and circumstances).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A “feature” of a vehicle is a combination of mechanical or electronic operations that equipment of the vehicle performs.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A vehicle travels “autonomously” if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>it is being controlled not by an individual but by equipment of the vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>neither the vehicle nor its surroundings are being monitored by an individual with a view to immediate intervention in the driving of the vehicle.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-6"><num>(6)</num><content>References to “control” of a vehicle are to control of the motion of the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A vehicle that travels autonomously does so—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>“safely” if it travels to an acceptably safe standard, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>“legally” if it travels with an acceptably low risk of committing a traffic infraction.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-8"><num>(8)</num><content>In assessing whether a vehicle is capable of travelling autonomously and safely, the Secretary of State must have particular regard to the statement of safety principles.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies for the purposes of this Part.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-1-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A vehicle “satisfies the self-driving test” if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>it is designed or adapted with the intention that a feature of the vehicle will allow it to travel autonomously, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>it is capable of doing so, by means of that feature, safely and legally.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-1-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Whether a vehicle satisfies the test is to be assessed by reference to the location and circumstances of that intended travel (and may differ in respect of different locations and circumstances).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-1-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A “feature” of a vehicle is a combination of mechanical or electronic operations that equipment of the vehicle performs.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-1-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A vehicle travels “autonomously” if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>it is being controlled not by an individual but by equipment of the vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>neither the vehicle nor its surroundings are being monitored by an individual with a view to immediate intervention in the driving of the vehicle.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-1-6"><num>(6)</num><content>References to “control” of a vehicle are to control of the motion of the vehicle.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-1-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A vehicle that travels autonomously does so—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>“safely” if it travels to an acceptably safe standard, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>“legally” if it travels with an acceptably low risk of committing a traffic infraction.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-1-8"><num>(8)</num><content>In assessing whether a vehicle is capable of travelling autonomously and safely, the Secretary of State must have particular regard to the statement of safety principles.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2"><num>2</num><heading>Statement of safety principles</heading><subsection eId="section-2-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must prepare a statement of the principles that the Secretary of State proposes to apply in assessing, for the purposes of this Part, whether a vehicle is capable of travelling autonomously and safely.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The principles must be framed with a view to securing that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-2-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>authorised automated vehicles will achieve a level of safety equivalent to, or higher than, that of careful and competent human drivers, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>road safety in Great Britain will be better as a result of the use of authorised automated vehicles on roads than it would otherwise be.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In preparing the statement, the Secretary of State must consult such representative organisations as the Secretary of State thinks fit.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Those organisations must include organisations appearing to the Secretary of State to represent—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-2-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the interests of businesses involved, or likely to be involved, in the manufacture or operation of mechanically propelled road vehicles designed to travel autonomously,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the interests of road users, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the cause of road safety.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The prepared statement must be laid before Parliament.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The statement takes effect if both Houses of Parliament resolve that it should.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The Secretary of State may revise or replace the statement that has effect under this section; and subsections <ref href="#section-2-2">(2)</ref> to <ref href="#section-2-5">(5)</ref> apply to a revision or replacement.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-8"><num>(8)</num><content>A revision or replacement takes effect at the end of the period of 40 days beginning with the day on which it is laid, unless either House resolves before then that it should not.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-2-8">(8)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-2-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>where a revision or replacement is laid before each House on different days, the later day is to be taken to be the day on which it was laid before both Houses, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-9-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in counting any period of 40 days, no account is to be taken of any time during which Parliament is dissolved or prorogued or during which both Houses are adjourned for more than four days.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-10"><num>(10)</num><content>The power in section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> may not be exercised until a statement has effect under this section.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must prepare a statement of the principles that the Secretary of State proposes to apply in assessing, for the purposes of this Part, whether a vehicle is capable of travelling autonomously and safely.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The principles must be framed with a view to securing that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-2-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>authorised automated vehicles will achieve a level of safety equivalent to, or higher than, that of careful and competent human drivers, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>road safety in Great Britain will be better as a result of the use of authorised automated vehicles on roads than it would otherwise be.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In preparing the statement, the Secretary of State must consult such representative organisations as the Secretary of State thinks fit.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Those organisations must include organisations appearing to the Secretary of State to represent—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-2-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the interests of businesses involved, or likely to be involved, in the manufacture or operation of mechanically propelled road vehicles designed to travel autonomously,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the interests of road users, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the cause of road safety.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The prepared statement must be laid before Parliament.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The statement takes effect if both Houses of Parliament resolve that it should.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The Secretary of State may revise or replace the statement that has effect under this section; and subsections <ref href="#section-2-2">(2)</ref> to <ref href="#section-2-5">(5)</ref> apply to a revision or replacement.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2-8"><num>(8)</num><content>A revision or replacement takes effect at the end of the period of 40 days beginning with the day on which it is laid, unless either House resolves before then that it should not.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-2-8">(8)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-2-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>where a revision or replacement is laid before each House on different days, the later day is to be taken to be the day on which it was laid before both Houses, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-2-9-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in counting any period of 40 days, no account is to be taken of any time during which Parliament is dissolved or prorogued or during which both Houses are adjourned for more than four days.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2-10"><num>(10)</num><content>The power in section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> may not be exercised until a statement has effect under this section.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-3"><num>3</num><heading>Power to authorise</heading><subsection eId="section-3-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may authorise a road vehicle for use as an automated vehicle if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-3-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the opinion of the Secretary of State, the vehicle satisfies the self-driving test by reference to intended travel on a road (in at least some circumstances), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-3-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any applicable initial authorisation requirements are met (see section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref>).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-3-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An automated vehicle authorisation may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-3-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>be limited to an individual vehicle, or individual vehicles, identified in the authorisation, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-3-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>extend to all vehicles of a type described in the authorisation.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-3-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The description of a type under subsection <ref href="#section-3-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-3-2-b">(b)</ref> must be formulated with a view to securing that the Secretary of State’s assessment for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-3-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-3-1-a">(a)</ref>, and the contents of the authorisation, will be equally applicable in relation to any vehicle of that type.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-3-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may authorise a road vehicle for use as an automated vehicle if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-3-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the opinion of the Secretary of State, the vehicle satisfies the self-driving test by reference to intended travel on a road (in at least some circumstances), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-3-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any applicable initial authorisation requirements are met (see section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref>).</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-3-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An automated vehicle authorisation may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-3-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>be limited to an individual vehicle, or individual vehicles, identified in the authorisation, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-3-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>extend to all vehicles of a type described in the authorisation.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-3-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The description of a type under subsection <ref href="#section-3-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-3-2-b">(b)</ref> must be formulated with a view to securing that the Secretary of State’s assessment for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-3-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-3-1-a">(a)</ref>, and the contents of the authorisation, will be equally applicable in relation to any vehicle of that type.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-4"><num>4</num><heading>Authorised automation features</heading><subsection eId="section-4-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An automated vehicle authorisation must identify the feature or features by virtue of which (in the opinion of the Secretary of State) the vehicle satisfies the self-driving test.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>More than one feature may be identified if it appears to the Secretary of State that each can reasonably be characterised as amounting to a distinct capability of the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-4-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>In relation to each feature identified in the authorisation, the authorisation must specify—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-4-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>whether the mode of operation of the feature is “user-in-charge” or “no-user-in-charge”,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-4-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>how the feature is engaged and disengaged, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-4-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the locations and circumstances by reference to which (in the opinion of the Secretary of State) the vehicle satisfies the self-driving test by virtue of the feature.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-4-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The locations specified in the authorisation may include places other than roads.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-4-5"><num>(5)</num><content>If more than one feature is identified in an authorisation, the Secretary of State must discharge the duty in subsection <ref href="#section-4-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-4-3-b">(b)</ref> in a way that will make it possible to ascertain which feature (if any) is engaged at any given moment.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-4-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An automated vehicle authorisation must identify the feature or features by virtue of which (in the opinion of the Secretary of State) the vehicle satisfies the self-driving test.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>More than one feature may be identified if it appears to the Secretary of State that each can reasonably be characterised as amounting to a distinct capability of the vehicle.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-4-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>In relation to each feature identified in the authorisation, the authorisation must specify—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-4-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>whether the mode of operation of the feature is “user-in-charge” or “no-user-in-charge”,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-4-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>how the feature is engaged and disengaged, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-4-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the locations and circumstances by reference to which (in the opinion of the Secretary of State) the vehicle satisfies the self-driving test by virtue of the feature.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-4-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The locations specified in the authorisation may include places other than roads.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-4-5"><num>(5)</num><content>If more than one feature is identified in an authorisation, the Secretary of State must discharge the duty in subsection <ref href="#section-4-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-4-3-b">(b)</ref> in a way that will make it possible to ascertain which feature (if any) is engaged at any given moment.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-5"><num>5</num><heading>Authorisation requirements and conditions</heading><subsection eId="section-5-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, impose requirements (“authorisation requirements”) that must be met—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-5-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>for a vehicle to be authorised under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> (“initial authorisation requirements”), or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-5-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>as a condition of a vehicle remaining authorised (“ongoing authorisation requirements”).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-5-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Ongoing authorisation requirements may include a requirement for compliance with any conditions that the Secretary of State attaches to an individual authorisation (“authorisation conditions”).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-5-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Authorisation conditions may relate to anything to which authorisation requirements may relate.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-5-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A duty in relation to the imposition of authorisation requirements may be met (in whole or in part) by means of an authorisation requirement of the sort described in subsection <ref href="#section-5-2">(2)</ref> in combination with authorisation conditions.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-5-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, impose requirements (“authorisation requirements”) that must be met—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-5-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>for a vehicle to be authorised under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> (“initial authorisation requirements”), or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-5-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>as a condition of a vehicle remaining authorised (“ongoing authorisation requirements”).</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-5-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Ongoing authorisation requirements may include a requirement for compliance with any conditions that the Secretary of State attaches to an individual authorisation (“authorisation conditions”).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-5-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Authorisation conditions may relate to anything to which authorisation requirements may relate.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-5-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A duty in relation to the imposition of authorisation requirements may be met (in whole or in part) by means of an authorisation requirement of the sort described in subsection <ref href="#section-5-2">(2)</ref> in combination with authorisation conditions.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-6"><num>6</num><heading>Authorised self-driving entities</heading><subsection eId="section-6-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to secure that, in respect of each automated vehicle authorisation, a person is designated as the “authorised self-driving entity” for the authorised vehicle at all times.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-6-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Authorisation requirements may include requirements that a person has to satisfy in order to be, or remain, an authorised self-driving entity.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-6-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to secure, so far as the Secretary of State considers reasonably practicable, that the following objectives are met.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-6-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The objectives are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-6-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that an authorised self-driving entity should have general responsibility for ensuring that an authorised automated vehicle continues to satisfy the self-driving test by virtue of its authorised automation features, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-6-4-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>that an authorised self-driving entity should be—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-6-4-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>of good repute,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-6-4-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>of good financial standing, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-6-4-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>capable of competently discharging any authorisation requirements imposed on it for the purposes of paragraph <ref href="#section-6-4-a">(a)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-6-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Authorisation requirements may include requirements as to the payment of fees by authorised self-driving entities for the grant or continuation of an automated vehicle authorisation.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-6-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to secure that, in respect of each automated vehicle authorisation, a person is designated as the “authorised self-driving entity” for the authorised vehicle at all times.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-6-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Authorisation requirements may include requirements that a person has to satisfy in order to be, or remain, an authorised self-driving entity.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-6-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to secure, so far as the Secretary of State considers reasonably practicable, that the following objectives are met.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-6-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The objectives are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-6-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that an authorised self-driving entity should have general responsibility for ensuring that an authorised automated vehicle continues to satisfy the self-driving test by virtue of its authorised automation features, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-6-4-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>that an authorised self-driving entity should be—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-6-4-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>of good repute,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-6-4-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>of good financial standing, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-6-4-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>capable of competently discharging any authorisation requirements imposed on it for the purposes of paragraph <ref href="#section-6-4-a">(a)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-6-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that an authorised self-driving entity should have general responsibility for ensuring that an authorised automated vehicle continues to satisfy the self-driving test by virtue of its authorised automation features, and</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-6-4-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>that an authorised self-driving entity should be—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-6-4-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>of good repute,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-6-4-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>of good financial standing, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-6-4-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>capable of competently discharging any authorisation requirements imposed on it for the purposes of paragraph <ref href="#section-6-4-a">(a)</ref>.</content></level></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-6-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Authorisation requirements may include requirements as to the payment of fees by authorised self-driving entities for the grant or continuation of an automated vehicle authorisation.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-7"><num>7</num><heading>Transition demands</heading><subsection eId="section-7-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-7-3">(3)</ref> applies if authorisation requirements in relation to a vehicle with an authorised user-in-charge feature require the vehicle to be able to issue a transition demand while that feature is engaged.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-7-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A “transition demand” is a demand, communicated by equipment of a vehicle in which an authorised user-in-charge feature is engaged, that the user-in-charge assume control of the vehicle by the end of a period of time beginning with the communication of the demand (the “transition period”).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-7-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to secure, so far as Secretary of State considers reasonably practicable, that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the transition demand will be capable of being perceived by anyone who might legally be a user-in-charge of the vehicle (having regard in particular to users-in-charge with disabilities),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the transition period will be long enough for the user-in-charge to prepare to assume, and assume, control of the vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the vehicle will continue to travel autonomously, safely and legally during the transition period,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>equipment of the vehicle will make a further communication at the end of the transition period to alert the user-in-charge to the ending of the period, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>the vehicle will deal safely with a situation where the user-in-charge fails to assume control by the end of the transition period.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-7-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-7-3">(3)</ref> applies if authorisation requirements in relation to a vehicle with an authorised user-in-charge feature require the vehicle to be able to issue a transition demand while that feature is engaged.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-7-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A “transition demand” is a demand, communicated by equipment of a vehicle in which an authorised user-in-charge feature is engaged, that the user-in-charge assume control of the vehicle by the end of a period of time beginning with the communication of the demand (the “transition period”).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-7-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to secure, so far as Secretary of State considers reasonably practicable, that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the transition demand will be capable of being perceived by anyone who might legally be a user-in-charge of the vehicle (having regard in particular to users-in-charge with disabilities),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the transition period will be long enough for the user-in-charge to prepare to assume, and assume, control of the vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the vehicle will continue to travel autonomously, safely and legally during the transition period,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>equipment of the vehicle will make a further communication at the end of the transition period to alert the user-in-charge to the ending of the period, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>the vehicle will deal safely with a situation where the user-in-charge fails to assume control by the end of the transition period.</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-7-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the transition demand will be capable of being perceived by anyone who might legally be a user-in-charge of the vehicle (having regard in particular to users-in-charge with disabilities),</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-7-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the transition period will be long enough for the user-in-charge to prepare to assume, and assume, control of the vehicle,</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-7-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the vehicle will continue to travel autonomously, safely and legally during the transition period,</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-7-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>equipment of the vehicle will make a further communication at the end of the transition period to alert the user-in-charge to the ending of the period, and</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-7-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>the vehicle will deal safely with a situation where the user-in-charge fails to assume control by the end of the transition period.</content></level>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-1-crossheading-variation-suspension-and-withdrawal-of-authorisation"><heading>Variation, suspension and withdrawal of authorisation</heading><section eId="section-8"><num>8</num><heading>Power to vary, suspend or withdraw</heading><subsection eId="section-8-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may vary, suspend or withdraw an automated vehicle authorisation with the agreement of the authorised self-driving entity for the authorised automated vehicle concerned.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may vary, suspend or withdraw an automated vehicle authorisation without that agreement if the Secretary of State is satisfied that a unilateral ground has arisen in respect of the authorisation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may suspend or temporarily vary an automated vehicle authorisation without that agreement if the Secretary of State—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>suspects that a unilateral ground has arisen in respect of the authorisation, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>proposes to enquire into whether it has.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, a unilateral ground arises in respect of an authorisation if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorisation requirement is not or has not been met in respect of the authorised vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the authorised vehicle has committed a traffic infraction, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the authorised vehicle no longer satisfies the self-driving test by reference to all authorised locations and circumstances.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A suspension or variation under subsection <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> may not be kept in force after the process of enquiry has concluded, except for so long as may be necessary to allow action to be taken under subsection <ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-6"><num>(6)</num><content>An authorisation may be suspended or varied under subsection <ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> even if it is already suspended, or varied in the same way, under subsection <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> (in which case the new suspension or variation supersedes the existing one).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-7"><num>(7)</num><intro><ref href="#schedule-1-part-1">Part 1</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-1">Schedule 1</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>makes provision about the procedure applicable in connection with variation, suspension or withdrawal under subsection <ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> (including rights of appeal), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>provides for a further case in which an authorisation may be varied, suspended or withdrawn without agreement.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-9"><num>9</num><heading>Further provision about variation, suspension and withdrawal</heading><subsection eId="section-9-1"><num>(1)</num><content>References in this Part to varying an automated vehicle authorisation include varying, adding to or omitting authorisation conditions attached to the authorisation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The variation of an authorisation may be temporary or permanent.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An authorisation as varied must be such as the Secretary of State could grant anew.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The suspension or temporary variation of an authorisation—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>may be for a fixed period or indefinite, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>may be lifted or reversed by the Secretary of State at any time.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The suspension of an authorisation means that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the authorised automated vehicle in question is no longer to be considered such for the purposes of sections <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>, <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> and <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an authorised no-user-in-charge feature identified in the authorisation is no longer to be considered such for the purposes of section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref><ref href="#d25e5453">(2)</ref> of the Road Traffic Act 1988,</content></level><wrapUp>but does not otherwise affect the authorisation.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>A relevant authorisation measure takes effect—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>when notice of it is issued to the authorised self-driving entity for the authorised automated vehicle concerned, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>at such later time as is specified in the notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-9-6">(6)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-authorisation-measure" eId="term-relevant-authorisation-measure">relevant authorisation measure</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the variation, suspension or withdrawal of an automated vehicle authorisation,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the reversal of a variation,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the lifting of a suspension, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the restoration of a withdrawn authorisation (further to a direction under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3">3</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4">4</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-5">(5)</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-1">Schedule 1</ref>).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-8"><num>(8)</num><content>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to reduce the likelihood of a person’s unknowingly using a vehicle in a way that is no longer in accordance with an automated vehicle authorisation as a result of a variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-8"><num>8</num><heading>Power to vary, suspend or withdraw</heading><subsection eId="section-8-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may vary, suspend or withdraw an automated vehicle authorisation with the agreement of the authorised self-driving entity for the authorised automated vehicle concerned.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may vary, suspend or withdraw an automated vehicle authorisation without that agreement if the Secretary of State is satisfied that a unilateral ground has arisen in respect of the authorisation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may suspend or temporarily vary an automated vehicle authorisation without that agreement if the Secretary of State—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>suspects that a unilateral ground has arisen in respect of the authorisation, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>proposes to enquire into whether it has.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, a unilateral ground arises in respect of an authorisation if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorisation requirement is not or has not been met in respect of the authorised vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the authorised vehicle has committed a traffic infraction, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the authorised vehicle no longer satisfies the self-driving test by reference to all authorised locations and circumstances.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A suspension or variation under subsection <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> may not be kept in force after the process of enquiry has concluded, except for so long as may be necessary to allow action to be taken under subsection <ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-6"><num>(6)</num><content>An authorisation may be suspended or varied under subsection <ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> even if it is already suspended, or varied in the same way, under subsection <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> (in which case the new suspension or variation supersedes the existing one).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-7"><num>(7)</num><intro><ref href="#schedule-1-part-1">Part 1</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-1">Schedule 1</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>makes provision about the procedure applicable in connection with variation, suspension or withdrawal under subsection <ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> (including rights of appeal), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>provides for a further case in which an authorisation may be varied, suspended or withdrawn without agreement.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-8-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may vary, suspend or withdraw an automated vehicle authorisation with the agreement of the authorised self-driving entity for the authorised automated vehicle concerned.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-8-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may vary, suspend or withdraw an automated vehicle authorisation without that agreement if the Secretary of State is satisfied that a unilateral ground has arisen in respect of the authorisation.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-8-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may suspend or temporarily vary an automated vehicle authorisation without that agreement if the Secretary of State—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>suspects that a unilateral ground has arisen in respect of the authorisation, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>proposes to enquire into whether it has.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-8-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, a unilateral ground arises in respect of an authorisation if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorisation requirement is not or has not been met in respect of the authorised vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the authorised vehicle has committed a traffic infraction, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the authorised vehicle no longer satisfies the self-driving test by reference to all authorised locations and circumstances.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-8-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A suspension or variation under subsection <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> may not be kept in force after the process of enquiry has concluded, except for so long as may be necessary to allow action to be taken under subsection <ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-8-6"><num>(6)</num><content>An authorisation may be suspended or varied under subsection <ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> even if it is already suspended, or varied in the same way, under subsection <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> (in which case the new suspension or variation supersedes the existing one).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-8-7"><num>(7)</num><intro><ref href="#schedule-1-part-1">Part 1</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-1">Schedule 1</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>makes provision about the procedure applicable in connection with variation, suspension or withdrawal under subsection <ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> (including rights of appeal), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>provides for a further case in which an authorisation may be varied, suspended or withdrawn without agreement.</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-9"><num>9</num><heading>Further provision about variation, suspension and withdrawal</heading><subsection eId="section-9-1"><num>(1)</num><content>References in this Part to varying an automated vehicle authorisation include varying, adding to or omitting authorisation conditions attached to the authorisation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The variation of an authorisation may be temporary or permanent.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An authorisation as varied must be such as the Secretary of State could grant anew.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The suspension or temporary variation of an authorisation—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>may be for a fixed period or indefinite, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>may be lifted or reversed by the Secretary of State at any time.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The suspension of an authorisation means that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the authorised automated vehicle in question is no longer to be considered such for the purposes of sections <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>, <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> and <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an authorised no-user-in-charge feature identified in the authorisation is no longer to be considered such for the purposes of section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref><ref href="#d25e5453">(2)</ref> of the Road Traffic Act 1988,</content></level><wrapUp>but does not otherwise affect the authorisation.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>A relevant authorisation measure takes effect—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>when notice of it is issued to the authorised self-driving entity for the authorised automated vehicle concerned, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>at such later time as is specified in the notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-9-6">(6)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-authorisation-measure" eId="term-relevant-authorisation-measure">relevant authorisation measure</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the variation, suspension or withdrawal of an automated vehicle authorisation,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the reversal of a variation,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the lifting of a suspension, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the restoration of a withdrawn authorisation (further to a direction under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3">3</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4">4</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-5">(5)</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-1">Schedule 1</ref>).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-8"><num>(8)</num><content>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to reduce the likelihood of a person’s unknowingly using a vehicle in a way that is no longer in accordance with an automated vehicle authorisation as a result of a variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-9-1"><num>(1)</num><content>References in this Part to varying an automated vehicle authorisation include varying, adding to or omitting authorisation conditions attached to the authorisation.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-9-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The variation of an authorisation may be temporary or permanent.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-9-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An authorisation as varied must be such as the Secretary of State could grant anew.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-9-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The suspension or temporary variation of an authorisation—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>may be for a fixed period or indefinite, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>may be lifted or reversed by the Secretary of State at any time.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-9-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The suspension of an authorisation means that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the authorised automated vehicle in question is no longer to be considered such for the purposes of sections <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>, <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> and <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an authorised no-user-in-charge feature identified in the authorisation is no longer to be considered such for the purposes of section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref><ref href="#d25e5453">(2)</ref> of the Road Traffic Act 1988,</content></level><wrapUp>but does not otherwise affect the authorisation.</wrapUp></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-9-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>A relevant authorisation measure takes effect—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>when notice of it is issued to the authorised self-driving entity for the authorised automated vehicle concerned, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>at such later time as is specified in the notice.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-9-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-9-6">(6)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-authorisation-measure" eId="term-relevant-authorisation-measure">relevant authorisation measure</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the variation, suspension or withdrawal of an automated vehicle authorisation,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the reversal of a variation,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the lifting of a suspension, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-9-7-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the restoration of a withdrawn authorisation (further to a direction under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3">3</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4">4</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-5">(5)</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-1">Schedule 1</ref>).</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-9-8"><num>(8)</num><content>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to reduce the likelihood of a person’s unknowingly using a vehicle in a way that is no longer in accordance with an automated vehicle authorisation as a result of a variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-10"><num>10</num><heading>Register of authorisations</heading><subsection eId="section-10-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must keep a public register of automated vehicle authorisations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-10-2"><num>(2)</num><content>An automated vehicle authorisation takes effect when it is entered in the register.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-10-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The register must record, in relation to each authorisation, the identity of the authorised self-driving entity for the authorised automated vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-10-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State must amend the register to reflect any relevant authorisation measure as soon as possible after it takes effect.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-10-5"><num>(5)</num><content>In subsection <ref href="#section-10-4">(4)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-authorisation-measure" eId="term-relevant-authorisation-measure">relevant authorisation measure</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-7">(7)</ref>.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-10-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must keep a public register of automated vehicle authorisations.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-10-2"><num>(2)</num><content>An automated vehicle authorisation takes effect when it is entered in the register.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-10-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The register must record, in relation to each authorisation, the identity of the authorised self-driving entity for the authorised automated vehicle.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-10-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State must amend the register to reflect any relevant authorisation measure as soon as possible after it takes effect.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-10-5"><num>(5)</num><content>In subsection <ref href="#section-10-4">(4)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-authorisation-measure" eId="term-relevant-authorisation-measure">relevant authorisation measure</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-7">(7)</ref>.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-11"><num>11</num><heading>Regulations about authorisation procedure</heading><subsection eId="section-11-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations about the procedure to be followed in connection with—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-11-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the grant of automated vehicle authorisations;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the variation, suspension or withdrawal of automated vehicle authorisations with the agreement of the authorised self-driving entity.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-11-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular, make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the form and content of applications for authorisation, and by whom they may be made;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>fees payable in respect of applications for authorisation;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the examination of vehicles;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the notification of decisions;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>reviews of, or appeals against, decisions.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-11-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations about the procedure to be followed in connection with—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-11-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the grant of automated vehicle authorisations;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the variation, suspension or withdrawal of automated vehicle authorisations with the agreement of the authorised self-driving entity.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-11-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular, make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the form and content of applications for authorisation, and by whom they may be made;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>fees payable in respect of applications for authorisation;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the examination of vehicles;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the notification of decisions;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-11-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>reviews of, or appeals against, decisions.</content></level></subsection>

<chapter xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="part-1-chapter-2"><num>Chapter 2</num><heading>Licensing of operators for vehicle use without user-in-charge</heading><section eId="section-12"><num>12</num><heading>Power to establish operator licensing scheme</heading><subsection eId="section-12-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations (“<term refersTo="#term-operator-licensing-regulations" eId="term-operator-licensing-regulations">operator licensing regulations</term>”), make provision—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-12-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>for the licensing of persons as no-user-in-charge operators;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-12-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>imposing requirements on those persons in connection with no-user-in-charge journeys or the vehicles that undertake them;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-12-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>for the keeping of a public register of those persons (and associated information).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-12-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A “no-user-in-charge journey” is a journey by a vehicle with an authorised no-user-in-charge feature during which (at any point)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-12-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that feature is engaged, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-12-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>there is no individual in the vehicle who is exercising control of it.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-12-3"><num>(3)</num><content>For the purposes of this Part, a no-user-in-charge journey is “overseen” by a licensed no-user-in-charge operator if the operator is, in respect of the journey, subject to requirements imposed under subsection <ref href="#section-12-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-12-1-b">(b)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-12-4"><num>(4)</num><content>If the Secretary of State makes operator licensing regulations, the Secretary of State must do so in a way that is designed to secure, so far as the Secretary of State considers reasonably practicable, that the following objectives are met.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-12-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The objectives are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-12-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that a licensed no-user-in-charge operator should have general responsibility for the detection of, and response to, problems arising during a no-user-in-charge journey overseen by the operator, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-12-5-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>that a licensed no-user-in-charge operator should be—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-12-5-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>of good repute,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-12-5-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>of good financial standing, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-12-5-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>capable of competently discharging any requirements imposed on it for the purposes of paragraph <ref href="#section-12-5-a">(a)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-13"><num>13</num><heading>Further provision about operator licensing</heading><subsection eId="section-13-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section makes further provision about operator licensing regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-13-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The regulations may, in particular, make provision for and about the grant, retention, variation, renewal, expiry, suspension or withdrawal of licences.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-13-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>That includes provision—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>about the form and content of applications for licences (or their renewal);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>about fees payable in respect of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-13-3-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>applications for licences (or their renewal), or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-13-3-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>the grant, retention or renewal of licences;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>about the notification of decisions;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>about reviews of, or appeals against, decisions;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>conferring functions on the Secretary of State or on traffic commissioners.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-13-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The regulations may impose on a licensed no-user-in-charge operator a requirement to comply with any conditions that are attached to an individual licence.</content></subsection></section></chapter>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-12"><num>12</num><heading>Power to establish operator licensing scheme</heading><subsection eId="section-12-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations (“<term refersTo="#term-operator-licensing-regulations" eId="term-operator-licensing-regulations">operator licensing regulations</term>”), make provision—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-12-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>for the licensing of persons as no-user-in-charge operators;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-12-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>imposing requirements on those persons in connection with no-user-in-charge journeys or the vehicles that undertake them;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-12-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>for the keeping of a public register of those persons (and associated information).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-12-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A “no-user-in-charge journey” is a journey by a vehicle with an authorised no-user-in-charge feature during which (at any point)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-12-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that feature is engaged, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-12-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>there is no individual in the vehicle who is exercising control of it.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-12-3"><num>(3)</num><content>For the purposes of this Part, a no-user-in-charge journey is “overseen” by a licensed no-user-in-charge operator if the operator is, in respect of the journey, subject to requirements imposed under subsection <ref href="#section-12-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-12-1-b">(b)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-12-4"><num>(4)</num><content>If the Secretary of State makes operator licensing regulations, the Secretary of State must do so in a way that is designed to secure, so far as the Secretary of State considers reasonably practicable, that the following objectives are met.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-12-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The objectives are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-12-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that a licensed no-user-in-charge operator should have general responsibility for the detection of, and response to, problems arising during a no-user-in-charge journey overseen by the operator, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-12-5-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>that a licensed no-user-in-charge operator should be—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-12-5-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>of good repute,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-12-5-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>of good financial standing, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-12-5-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>capable of competently discharging any requirements imposed on it for the purposes of paragraph <ref href="#section-12-5-a">(a)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-12-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations (“<term refersTo="#term-operator-licensing-regulations" eId="term-operator-licensing-regulations">operator licensing regulations</term>”), make provision—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-12-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>for the licensing of persons as no-user-in-charge operators;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-12-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>imposing requirements on those persons in connection with no-user-in-charge journeys or the vehicles that undertake them;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-12-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>for the keeping of a public register of those persons (and associated information).</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-12-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A “no-user-in-charge journey” is a journey by a vehicle with an authorised no-user-in-charge feature during which (at any point)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-12-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that feature is engaged, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-12-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>there is no individual in the vehicle who is exercising control of it.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-12-3"><num>(3)</num><content>For the purposes of this Part, a no-user-in-charge journey is “overseen” by a licensed no-user-in-charge operator if the operator is, in respect of the journey, subject to requirements imposed under subsection <ref href="#section-12-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-12-1-b">(b)</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-12-4"><num>(4)</num><content>If the Secretary of State makes operator licensing regulations, the Secretary of State must do so in a way that is designed to secure, so far as the Secretary of State considers reasonably practicable, that the following objectives are met.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-12-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The objectives are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-12-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that a licensed no-user-in-charge operator should have general responsibility for the detection of, and response to, problems arising during a no-user-in-charge journey overseen by the operator, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-12-5-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>that a licensed no-user-in-charge operator should be—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-12-5-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>of good repute,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-12-5-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>of good financial standing, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-12-5-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>capable of competently discharging any requirements imposed on it for the purposes of paragraph <ref href="#section-12-5-a">(a)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-12-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that a licensed no-user-in-charge operator should have general responsibility for the detection of, and response to, problems arising during a no-user-in-charge journey overseen by the operator, and</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-12-5-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>that a licensed no-user-in-charge operator should be—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-12-5-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>of good repute,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-12-5-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>of good financial standing, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-12-5-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>capable of competently discharging any requirements imposed on it for the purposes of paragraph <ref href="#section-12-5-a">(a)</ref>.</content></level></level>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-13"><num>13</num><heading>Further provision about operator licensing</heading><subsection eId="section-13-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section makes further provision about operator licensing regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-13-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The regulations may, in particular, make provision for and about the grant, retention, variation, renewal, expiry, suspension or withdrawal of licences.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-13-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>That includes provision—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>about the form and content of applications for licences (or their renewal);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>about fees payable in respect of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-13-3-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>applications for licences (or their renewal), or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-13-3-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>the grant, retention or renewal of licences;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>about the notification of decisions;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>about reviews of, or appeals against, decisions;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>conferring functions on the Secretary of State or on traffic commissioners.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-13-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The regulations may impose on a licensed no-user-in-charge operator a requirement to comply with any conditions that are attached to an individual licence.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-13-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section makes further provision about operator licensing regulations.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-13-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The regulations may, in particular, make provision for and about the grant, retention, variation, renewal, expiry, suspension or withdrawal of licences.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-13-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>That includes provision—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>about the form and content of applications for licences (or their renewal);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>about fees payable in respect of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-13-3-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>applications for licences (or their renewal), or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-13-3-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>the grant, retention or renewal of licences;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>about the notification of decisions;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>about reviews of, or appeals against, decisions;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-13-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>conferring functions on the Secretary of State or on traffic commissioners.</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-13-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>about the form and content of applications for licences (or their renewal);</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-13-3-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>about fees payable in respect of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-13-3-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>applications for licences (or their renewal), or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-13-3-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>the grant, retention or renewal of licences;</content></level></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-13-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>about the notification of decisions;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-13-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>about reviews of, or appeals against, decisions;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-13-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>conferring functions on the Secretary of State or on traffic commissioners.</content></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-13-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The regulations may impose on a licensed no-user-in-charge operator a requirement to comply with any conditions that are attached to an individual licence.</content></subsection>

<chapter xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="part-1-chapter-3"><num>Chapter 3</num><heading>Provision of information by regulated bodies</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-3-crossheading-requirements-imposed-by-regulations"><heading>Requirements imposed by regulations</heading><section eId="section-14"><num>14</num><heading>Collection and sharing of information</heading><subsection eId="section-14-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Authorisation requirements may include requirements as to the collection and sharing of information by an authorised self-driving entity.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-14-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Operator licensing regulations may impose requirements as to the collection and sharing of information by a licensed no-user-in-charge operator.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-14-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Those references to sharing include—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-14-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>sharing with the Secretary of State or other public authorities, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-14-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>sharing with private businesses (such as vehicle manufacturers or insurers).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-14-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations that require an authorised self-driving entity or licensed no-user-in-charge operator to share information must specify the purpose for which the information is to be shared.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-15"><num>15</num><heading>Nomination of individuals</heading><subsection eId="section-15-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Authorisation requirements may require a person who is, or is seeking to become, an authorised self-driving entity to nominate an individual to be responsible for information that is, or has to be, provided by the person to the Secretary to the State for the purposes of this Part.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-15-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Operator licensing regulations may require a person who is, or is seeking to become, a licensed no-user-in-charge operator to nominate an individual to be responsible for information that is, or has to be, provided by the person to the Secretary to the State for the purposes of this Part.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-15-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Requirements of the sort described in subsection <ref href="#section-15-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-15-2">(2)</ref> must be accompanied by—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-15-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>provision requiring that an individual is not nominated without the individual’s consent, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-15-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>provision about the circumstances in which an individual ceases to stand nominated further to the requirements.</content></level></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-3-crossheading-requirements-imposed-by-notice"><heading>Requirements imposed by notice</heading><section eId="section-16"><num>16</num><heading>Purpose for which notices may be given</heading><subsection eId="section-16-1"><num>(1)</num><content>In this Part, “<term refersTo="#term-the-investigative-purposes" eId="term-the-investigative-purposes">the investigative purposes</term>”, in relation to a regulated body, are the domestic purposes and the international purpose set out in this section.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-16-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The domestic purposes are the purposes of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>assessing whether a regulatory requirement is being, or has been, met—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>by the regulated body, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>in relation to authorised automated vehicles for which the regulated body is or has been responsible,</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>investigating whether, how or why an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the regulated body was responsible for it,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>assessing whether an authorised automated vehicle for which the regulated body is or has been responsible continues to satisfy the self-driving test by reference to the authorised locations and circumstances, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-d"><num>(d)</num><intro>investigating—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-d-i"><num>(i)</num><content>a suspected offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> by the regulated body, or another regulated body that is or has been responsible for a vehicle for which the regulated body is or has been responsible, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-d-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>a suspected offence under section <ref href="#section-25">25</ref>, or a suspected offence arising by virtue of section <ref href="#section-26">26</ref> or <ref href="#section-27">27</ref>, that is predicated on an offence within sub-paragraph <ref href="#section-16-2-d-i">(i)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-16-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The international purpose is the purpose of sharing information with an authority in a country or territory outside Great Britain (an “overseas authority”), where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-16-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the overseas authority has requested the information,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the overseas authority has functions under the law of that country or territory that are similar to those referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-16-2">(2)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is likely to assist the overseas authority in performing those functions in respect of the regulated body.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-17"><num>17</num><heading>Power to issue information notice</heading><subsection eId="section-17-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue an information notice to a regulated body if the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to do so for any of the investigative purposes.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-2"><num>(2)</num><content>An information notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to provide information to the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>An information notice must specify—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-17-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the information that must be provided,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the form and manner in which it must be provided, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>when (or by when) it must be provided.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In specifying the form and manner in which information must be provided, an information notice may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>require documents, or copies of documents, to be produced;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>require the information to be provided in a form different from that in which it currently exists;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>require the regulated body to procure the attendance of an individual at a particular place and at a particular time in order to provide the information.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-5"><num>(5)</num><content>An information notice must explain the consequences of the notice under section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-5">(5)</ref> (if applicable) and section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref>.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-18"><num>18</num><heading>Power to issue interview notice</heading><subsection eId="section-18-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue an interview notice to a regulated body if the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to do so for any of the investigative purposes.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-18-2"><num>(2)</num><content>An interview notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to procure the attendance of an individual at a particular place and at a particular time in order to answer questions.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-18-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An interview notice must indicate in general terms the intended subject-matter of the questioning.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-18-4"><num>(4)</num><content>An interview notice must explain the consequences of the notice under sections <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-5">(5)</ref> and <ref href="#section-20">20</ref>.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-19"><num>19</num><heading>Notices requiring individual attendance</heading><subsection eId="section-19-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>This section applies in relation to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-19-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an information notice so far as it includes a requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref><ref href="#section-17-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-17-4-c">(c)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-19-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an interview notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The notice may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-19-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>identify a particular individual, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-19-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>describe a class of individuals.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The individual, or the individuals within that class, must be carrying out, or have carried out, paid work for the regulated body (in whatever capacity).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-4"><num>(4)</num><content>But that individual or those individuals need not have any further connection with the United Kingdom.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The regulated body complies with the notice if it takes all steps that it could reasonably be expected to take in order to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-19-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>procure the attendance of the identified individual, or an individual within the described class, at the place and time specified in the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-19-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>enable that individual to provide the information specified, or answer questions on the subject-matter indicated, in the notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The references in sections <ref href="#section-17">17</ref><ref href="#section-17-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-17-4-c">(c)</ref> and <ref href="#section-18">18</ref><ref href="#section-18-2">(2)</ref> to attendance at a particular place include attendance at a particular meeting held remotely by electronic means (and section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref><ref href="#section-20-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-20-3-c">(c)</ref><ref href="#section-20-3-c-i">(i)</ref> and <ref href="#section-20-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-20-4-c">(c)</ref><ref href="#section-20-4-c-i">(i)</ref> is to be read accordingly).</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-20"><num>20</num><heading>Offences of non-compliance</heading><subsection eId="section-20-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A regulated body commits an offence if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>fails to provide information as required by an information notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>provides, in purported compliance with an information notice, information that is false or misleading in a material respect, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>fails to comply with an information notice or interview notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-5">(5)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-2"><num>(2)</num><content>It is a defence for the regulated body to prove that it took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of the offence.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is an individual identified in an information notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-19-2-a">(a)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person has been made aware of the contents of the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>the person—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-20-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to attend at the place and time specified in the notice or provide information as required by the notice, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>provides, in purported compliance with the notice, information that is false or misleading in a material respect, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is an individual identified in an interview notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-19-2-a">(a)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person has been made aware of the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-4-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>the person—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to attend at the place and time specified in the notice,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>on being interviewed further to the notice, fails, without reasonable excuse, to answer a question, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>on being interviewed further to the notice, answers a question in a way that is false or misleading in a material particular, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person destroys, suppresses or alters, or causes or permits the destruction, suppression or alteration of, any information, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person does so with the intention of preventing the provision of accurate information in response to an information notice, or at an interview undertaken further to an interview notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-20-5">(5)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the reference to information required to be provided by an information notice includes anything in or on which that information is recorded;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the references to suppressing information include destroying the means of reproducing information recorded otherwise than in a legible form.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-21"><num>21</num><heading>Enforcement by court</heading><content>The High Court or the Court of Session may, on application by the Secretary of State, make such order as the court thinks fit in order to secure compliance with an information notice or interview notice by the person to whom it is issued.</content></section><section eId="section-22"><num>22</num><heading>Use of information obtained</heading><subsection eId="section-22-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-22-2">(2)</ref> to <ref href="#section-22-4">(4)</ref> apply to information obtained as a result of the exercise of a power in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref> or <ref href="#section-18">18</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may use the information for any of the investigative purposes in relation to any regulated body, irrespective of the purpose for which it was initially obtained.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If the information is shared with an overseas authority, it must be shared on terms designed to prevent the overseas authority from—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-22-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>using the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was disclosed, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-22-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>further sharing the information,</content></level><wrapUp>without the Secretary of State’s consent.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State may also use the information for the purposes of the arrangements put in place under section <ref href="#section-38">38</ref> (monitoring and assessing the general performance of automated vehicles).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-22-6">(6)</ref> applies to a statement made by a person in response to a notice under section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref> or <ref href="#section-18">18</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In any criminal proceedings against the person who made the statement, no evidence relating to the statement may be adduced, and no question relating to it may be asked, by or on behalf of the prosecution.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-22-6">(6)</ref> does not apply—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-22-7-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>if the proceedings are for—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref>, <ref href="#section-24">24</ref>, <ref href="#section-25">25</ref> or <ref href="#section-30">30</ref>,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an offence under section 5 of the Perjury Act 1911 (false statutory declarations and other false statements without oath),</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>an offence under section 44(2) of the Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995 (false statements and declarations), or</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-22-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in any other proceedings, if evidence relating to the information is adduced, or a question relating to the information is asked, by or on behalf of the person who provided it.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-8"><num>(8)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-overseas-authority" eId="term-overseas-authority">overseas authority</term>” has the meaning indicated by section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref><ref href="#section-16-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-23"><num>23</num><heading>Supplementary provision</heading><subsection eId="section-23-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Where the Secretary of State has issued an information notice or an interview notice to a regulated body, the Secretary of State may by further notice issued to that body—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-23-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-23-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>vary it in any way that does not make it more onerous.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-23-2"><num>(2)</num><content>For the purposes of the sections from section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref> to this section, a person who has ceased to be a regulated body is to be treated, in relation to anything that occurred when the person was a regulated body, as if the person were still a regulated body.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-3-crossheading-offences-relating-to-information-about-safety"><heading>Offences relating to information about safety</heading><section eId="section-24"><num>24</num><heading>False or withheld information relevant to vehicle safety</heading><subsection eId="section-24-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is, or is seeking to become, a regulated body,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the person provides to the Secretary of State—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-24-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>information about a vehicle for which the person is, has been, or is seeking to become responsible, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-24-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>other information in connection with the person’s role (or proposed role) as a regulated body, and</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is false or misleading in a respect in which it is relevant to the safety of the person’s automated vehicle operations.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Subsections <ref href="#section-24-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#section-24-4">(4)</ref> apply where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person is, or is seeking to become, a regulated body,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the person is required by—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-24-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>a regulatory requirement, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-24-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an information notice under section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref>,</content></level><wrapUp>to provide information to the Secretary of State, and</wrapUp></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is relevant to the safety of the person’s automated vehicle operations.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-3"><num>(3)</num><content>That person commits an offence if the person fails to provide the information as required.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Any person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person destroys, suppresses or alters, or causes or permits the destruction, suppression or alteration of, the information, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person does so with the intention of preventing the provision of accurate information in accordance with the requirement or notice concerned.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-24-4">(4)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the reference to the information includes anything in or on which that information is recorded;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the references to suppressing information include destroying the means of reproducing information recorded otherwise than in a legible form.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, information is relevant to the safety of a person’s automated vehicle operations if it would affect a reasonable observer’s assessment—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of a person who is, or is seeking to become, an authorised self-driving entity, of how safely a vehicle for which the person is (or would be) the authorised self-driving entity is likely to travel while an authorised automation feature is engaged, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a person who is, or is seeking to become, a licensed no-user-in-charge operator, of how safely a vehicle is likely to undertake a no-user-in-charge journey that is overseen by the person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-7"><num>(7)</num><content>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-24-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-24-3">(3)</ref> to prove that the person took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of the offence.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-25"><num>25</num><heading>Aggravated offence where death or serious injury occurs</heading><subsection eId="section-25-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person has committed an offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref><ref href="#section-24-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-24-3">(3)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>had information been provided in a way that avoided the commission of any such offence, that information would have disclosed a heightened risk that a vehicle in which an authorised automation feature is engaged would be involved in a dangerous incident of a particular kind,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a vehicle in which that feature is engaged is involved in a dangerous incident of that kind, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>an individual is killed or seriously injured as a result of that incident.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person has committed an offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref><ref href="#section-24-4">(4)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the conduct constituting the offence prevented the provision of accurate information to the Secretary of State,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>had that information been provided in the way that that conduct prevented, it would have disclosed a heightened risk that a vehicle in which an authorised automation feature is engaged would be involved in a dangerous incident of a particular kind,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>a vehicle in which that feature is engaged is involved in a dangerous incident of that kind, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>an individual is killed or seriously injured as a result of that incident.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>For the purposes of subsections <ref href="#section-25-1">(1)</ref> and <ref href="#section-25-2">(2)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>information would have “disclosed a heightened risk” if it would have caused a reasonable person to perceive a greater risk than the person would have perceived from the information (if any) that was in fact provided when the offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> occurred;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-dangerous-incident" eId="term-dangerous-incident">dangerous incident</term>” means an incident of a sort that carries an obvious risk of serious injury to an individual.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-4"><num>(4)</num><content>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that the offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> had, by the time the dangerous incident occurred, no significant continuing effect on the risk of its occurring.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years or a fine (or both).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury" eId="term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in England and Wales, physical harm which amounts to grievous bodily harm for the purposes of the Offences against the Person Act 1861;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in Scotland, severe physical injury.</content></level></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-3-crossheading-liability-of-individuals"><heading>Liability of individuals</heading><section eId="section-26"><num>26</num><heading>Liability of nominated individual</heading><subsection eId="section-26-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-26-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person (“<term refersTo="#term-b" eId="term-b">B</term>”) who is, or is seeking to become, a regulated body commits an offence under section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref> or <ref href="#section-24">24</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-26-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>at the time of that offence, another person (“<term refersTo="#term-a" eId="term-a">A</term>”) is the nominated individual for the information to which the offence relates,</content></level><wrapUp>A also commits the offence.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-26-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-26-1">(1)</ref>, A is the nominated individual for information if A stands nominated by B as the individual responsible for the information further to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-26-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorisation requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-15">15</ref><ref href="#section-15-1">(1)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-26-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>operator licensing regulations of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-15">15</ref><ref href="#section-15-2">(2)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-26-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In determining for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-26-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-26-1-a">(a)</ref> whether an offence has been committed by B, the defence in section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref><ref href="#section-20-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-24">24</ref><ref href="#section-24-7">(7)</ref> is to be ignored.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-26-4"><num>(4)</num><content>It is a defence for A to prove that A took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of the offence by B.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-27"><num>27</num><heading>Liability of senior manager</heading><subsection eId="section-27-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-27-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an individual (“<term refersTo="#term-a" eId="term-a">A</term>”) is a relevant senior manager of a relevant entity (“<term refersTo="#term-b" eId="term-b">B</term>”),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>B commits an offence under section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref> or <ref href="#section-24">24</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>A consents to or connives in the commission of the offence by B,</content></level><wrapUp>A also commits the offence.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-27-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A is a “relevant senior manager” of B if A plays a significant role in making decisions about how—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-27-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the activities of B as a whole, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the relevant activities of B,</content></level><wrapUp>are managed or organised.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-27-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In subsection <ref href="#section-27-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-27-2-b">(b)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-the-relevant-activities" eId="term-the-relevant-activities">the relevant activities</term>” means the activities to which the relevant information relates; and in this subsection “<term refersTo="#term-the-relevant-information" eId="term-the-relevant-information">the relevant information</term>” means the information to which the offence mentioned in subsection <ref href="#section-27-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-27-1-b">(b)</ref> relates.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-27-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-27-1">(1)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-entity" eId="term-relevant-entity">relevant entity</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-27-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a body corporate,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a partnership, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a firm or other entity similar in nature to a partnership established under a foreign law.</content></level></subsection></section></hcontainer></chapter>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-14"><num>14</num><heading>Collection and sharing of information</heading><subsection eId="section-14-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Authorisation requirements may include requirements as to the collection and sharing of information by an authorised self-driving entity.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-14-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Operator licensing regulations may impose requirements as to the collection and sharing of information by a licensed no-user-in-charge operator.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-14-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Those references to sharing include—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-14-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>sharing with the Secretary of State or other public authorities, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-14-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>sharing with private businesses (such as vehicle manufacturers or insurers).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-14-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations that require an authorised self-driving entity or licensed no-user-in-charge operator to share information must specify the purpose for which the information is to be shared.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-14-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Authorisation requirements may include requirements as to the collection and sharing of information by an authorised self-driving entity.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-14-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Operator licensing regulations may impose requirements as to the collection and sharing of information by a licensed no-user-in-charge operator.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-14-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Those references to sharing include—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-14-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>sharing with the Secretary of State or other public authorities, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-14-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>sharing with private businesses (such as vehicle manufacturers or insurers).</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-14-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations that require an authorised self-driving entity or licensed no-user-in-charge operator to share information must specify the purpose for which the information is to be shared.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-15"><num>15</num><heading>Nomination of individuals</heading><subsection eId="section-15-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Authorisation requirements may require a person who is, or is seeking to become, an authorised self-driving entity to nominate an individual to be responsible for information that is, or has to be, provided by the person to the Secretary to the State for the purposes of this Part.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-15-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Operator licensing regulations may require a person who is, or is seeking to become, a licensed no-user-in-charge operator to nominate an individual to be responsible for information that is, or has to be, provided by the person to the Secretary to the State for the purposes of this Part.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-15-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Requirements of the sort described in subsection <ref href="#section-15-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-15-2">(2)</ref> must be accompanied by—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-15-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>provision requiring that an individual is not nominated without the individual’s consent, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-15-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>provision about the circumstances in which an individual ceases to stand nominated further to the requirements.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-15-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Authorisation requirements may require a person who is, or is seeking to become, an authorised self-driving entity to nominate an individual to be responsible for information that is, or has to be, provided by the person to the Secretary to the State for the purposes of this Part.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-15-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Operator licensing regulations may require a person who is, or is seeking to become, a licensed no-user-in-charge operator to nominate an individual to be responsible for information that is, or has to be, provided by the person to the Secretary to the State for the purposes of this Part.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-15-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Requirements of the sort described in subsection <ref href="#section-15-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-15-2">(2)</ref> must be accompanied by—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-15-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>provision requiring that an individual is not nominated without the individual’s consent, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-15-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>provision about the circumstances in which an individual ceases to stand nominated further to the requirements.</content></level></subsection>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-3-crossheading-requirements-imposed-by-notice"><heading>Requirements imposed by notice</heading><section eId="section-16"><num>16</num><heading>Purpose for which notices may be given</heading><subsection eId="section-16-1"><num>(1)</num><content>In this Part, “<term refersTo="#term-the-investigative-purposes" eId="term-the-investigative-purposes">the investigative purposes</term>”, in relation to a regulated body, are the domestic purposes and the international purpose set out in this section.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-16-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The domestic purposes are the purposes of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>assessing whether a regulatory requirement is being, or has been, met—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>by the regulated body, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>in relation to authorised automated vehicles for which the regulated body is or has been responsible,</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>investigating whether, how or why an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the regulated body was responsible for it,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>assessing whether an authorised automated vehicle for which the regulated body is or has been responsible continues to satisfy the self-driving test by reference to the authorised locations and circumstances, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-d"><num>(d)</num><intro>investigating—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-d-i"><num>(i)</num><content>a suspected offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> by the regulated body, or another regulated body that is or has been responsible for a vehicle for which the regulated body is or has been responsible, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-d-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>a suspected offence under section <ref href="#section-25">25</ref>, or a suspected offence arising by virtue of section <ref href="#section-26">26</ref> or <ref href="#section-27">27</ref>, that is predicated on an offence within sub-paragraph <ref href="#section-16-2-d-i">(i)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-16-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The international purpose is the purpose of sharing information with an authority in a country or territory outside Great Britain (an “overseas authority”), where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-16-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the overseas authority has requested the information,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the overseas authority has functions under the law of that country or territory that are similar to those referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-16-2">(2)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is likely to assist the overseas authority in performing those functions in respect of the regulated body.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-17"><num>17</num><heading>Power to issue information notice</heading><subsection eId="section-17-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue an information notice to a regulated body if the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to do so for any of the investigative purposes.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-2"><num>(2)</num><content>An information notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to provide information to the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>An information notice must specify—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-17-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the information that must be provided,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the form and manner in which it must be provided, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>when (or by when) it must be provided.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In specifying the form and manner in which information must be provided, an information notice may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>require documents, or copies of documents, to be produced;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>require the information to be provided in a form different from that in which it currently exists;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>require the regulated body to procure the attendance of an individual at a particular place and at a particular time in order to provide the information.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-5"><num>(5)</num><content>An information notice must explain the consequences of the notice under section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-5">(5)</ref> (if applicable) and section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref>.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-18"><num>18</num><heading>Power to issue interview notice</heading><subsection eId="section-18-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue an interview notice to a regulated body if the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to do so for any of the investigative purposes.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-18-2"><num>(2)</num><content>An interview notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to procure the attendance of an individual at a particular place and at a particular time in order to answer questions.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-18-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An interview notice must indicate in general terms the intended subject-matter of the questioning.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-18-4"><num>(4)</num><content>An interview notice must explain the consequences of the notice under sections <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-5">(5)</ref> and <ref href="#section-20">20</ref>.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-19"><num>19</num><heading>Notices requiring individual attendance</heading><subsection eId="section-19-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>This section applies in relation to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-19-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an information notice so far as it includes a requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref><ref href="#section-17-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-17-4-c">(c)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-19-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an interview notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The notice may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-19-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>identify a particular individual, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-19-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>describe a class of individuals.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The individual, or the individuals within that class, must be carrying out, or have carried out, paid work for the regulated body (in whatever capacity).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-4"><num>(4)</num><content>But that individual or those individuals need not have any further connection with the United Kingdom.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The regulated body complies with the notice if it takes all steps that it could reasonably be expected to take in order to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-19-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>procure the attendance of the identified individual, or an individual within the described class, at the place and time specified in the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-19-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>enable that individual to provide the information specified, or answer questions on the subject-matter indicated, in the notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The references in sections <ref href="#section-17">17</ref><ref href="#section-17-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-17-4-c">(c)</ref> and <ref href="#section-18">18</ref><ref href="#section-18-2">(2)</ref> to attendance at a particular place include attendance at a particular meeting held remotely by electronic means (and section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref><ref href="#section-20-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-20-3-c">(c)</ref><ref href="#section-20-3-c-i">(i)</ref> and <ref href="#section-20-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-20-4-c">(c)</ref><ref href="#section-20-4-c-i">(i)</ref> is to be read accordingly).</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-20"><num>20</num><heading>Offences of non-compliance</heading><subsection eId="section-20-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A regulated body commits an offence if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>fails to provide information as required by an information notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>provides, in purported compliance with an information notice, information that is false or misleading in a material respect, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>fails to comply with an information notice or interview notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-5">(5)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-2"><num>(2)</num><content>It is a defence for the regulated body to prove that it took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of the offence.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is an individual identified in an information notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-19-2-a">(a)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person has been made aware of the contents of the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>the person—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-20-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to attend at the place and time specified in the notice or provide information as required by the notice, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>provides, in purported compliance with the notice, information that is false or misleading in a material respect, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is an individual identified in an interview notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-19-2-a">(a)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person has been made aware of the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-4-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>the person—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to attend at the place and time specified in the notice,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>on being interviewed further to the notice, fails, without reasonable excuse, to answer a question, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>on being interviewed further to the notice, answers a question in a way that is false or misleading in a material particular, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person destroys, suppresses or alters, or causes or permits the destruction, suppression or alteration of, any information, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person does so with the intention of preventing the provision of accurate information in response to an information notice, or at an interview undertaken further to an interview notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-20-5">(5)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the reference to information required to be provided by an information notice includes anything in or on which that information is recorded;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the references to suppressing information include destroying the means of reproducing information recorded otherwise than in a legible form.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-21"><num>21</num><heading>Enforcement by court</heading><content>The High Court or the Court of Session may, on application by the Secretary of State, make such order as the court thinks fit in order to secure compliance with an information notice or interview notice by the person to whom it is issued.</content></section><section eId="section-22"><num>22</num><heading>Use of information obtained</heading><subsection eId="section-22-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-22-2">(2)</ref> to <ref href="#section-22-4">(4)</ref> apply to information obtained as a result of the exercise of a power in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref> or <ref href="#section-18">18</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may use the information for any of the investigative purposes in relation to any regulated body, irrespective of the purpose for which it was initially obtained.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If the information is shared with an overseas authority, it must be shared on terms designed to prevent the overseas authority from—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-22-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>using the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was disclosed, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-22-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>further sharing the information,</content></level><wrapUp>without the Secretary of State’s consent.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State may also use the information for the purposes of the arrangements put in place under section <ref href="#section-38">38</ref> (monitoring and assessing the general performance of automated vehicles).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-22-6">(6)</ref> applies to a statement made by a person in response to a notice under section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref> or <ref href="#section-18">18</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In any criminal proceedings against the person who made the statement, no evidence relating to the statement may be adduced, and no question relating to it may be asked, by or on behalf of the prosecution.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-22-6">(6)</ref> does not apply—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-22-7-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>if the proceedings are for—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref>, <ref href="#section-24">24</ref>, <ref href="#section-25">25</ref> or <ref href="#section-30">30</ref>,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an offence under section 5 of the Perjury Act 1911 (false statutory declarations and other false statements without oath),</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>an offence under section 44(2) of the Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995 (false statements and declarations), or</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-22-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in any other proceedings, if evidence relating to the information is adduced, or a question relating to the information is asked, by or on behalf of the person who provided it.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-8"><num>(8)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-overseas-authority" eId="term-overseas-authority">overseas authority</term>” has the meaning indicated by section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref><ref href="#section-16-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-23"><num>23</num><heading>Supplementary provision</heading><subsection eId="section-23-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Where the Secretary of State has issued an information notice or an interview notice to a regulated body, the Secretary of State may by further notice issued to that body—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-23-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-23-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>vary it in any way that does not make it more onerous.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-23-2"><num>(2)</num><content>For the purposes of the sections from section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref> to this section, a person who has ceased to be a regulated body is to be treated, in relation to anything that occurred when the person was a regulated body, as if the person were still a regulated body.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-16"><num>16</num><heading>Purpose for which notices may be given</heading><subsection eId="section-16-1"><num>(1)</num><content>In this Part, “<term refersTo="#term-the-investigative-purposes" eId="term-the-investigative-purposes">the investigative purposes</term>”, in relation to a regulated body, are the domestic purposes and the international purpose set out in this section.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-16-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The domestic purposes are the purposes of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>assessing whether a regulatory requirement is being, or has been, met—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>by the regulated body, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>in relation to authorised automated vehicles for which the regulated body is or has been responsible,</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>investigating whether, how or why an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the regulated body was responsible for it,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>assessing whether an authorised automated vehicle for which the regulated body is or has been responsible continues to satisfy the self-driving test by reference to the authorised locations and circumstances, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-d"><num>(d)</num><intro>investigating—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-d-i"><num>(i)</num><content>a suspected offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> by the regulated body, or another regulated body that is or has been responsible for a vehicle for which the regulated body is or has been responsible, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-d-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>a suspected offence under section <ref href="#section-25">25</ref>, or a suspected offence arising by virtue of section <ref href="#section-26">26</ref> or <ref href="#section-27">27</ref>, that is predicated on an offence within sub-paragraph <ref href="#section-16-2-d-i">(i)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-16-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The international purpose is the purpose of sharing information with an authority in a country or territory outside Great Britain (an “overseas authority”), where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-16-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the overseas authority has requested the information,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the overseas authority has functions under the law of that country or territory that are similar to those referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-16-2">(2)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is likely to assist the overseas authority in performing those functions in respect of the regulated body.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-16-1"><num>(1)</num><content>In this Part, “<term refersTo="#term-the-investigative-purposes" eId="term-the-investigative-purposes">the investigative purposes</term>”, in relation to a regulated body, are the domestic purposes and the international purpose set out in this section.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-16-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The domestic purposes are the purposes of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>assessing whether a regulatory requirement is being, or has been, met—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>by the regulated body, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>in relation to authorised automated vehicles for which the regulated body is or has been responsible,</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>investigating whether, how or why an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the regulated body was responsible for it,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>assessing whether an authorised automated vehicle for which the regulated body is or has been responsible continues to satisfy the self-driving test by reference to the authorised locations and circumstances, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-2-d"><num>(d)</num><intro>investigating—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-d-i"><num>(i)</num><content>a suspected offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> by the regulated body, or another regulated body that is or has been responsible for a vehicle for which the regulated body is or has been responsible, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-d-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>a suspected offence under section <ref href="#section-25">25</ref>, or a suspected offence arising by virtue of section <ref href="#section-26">26</ref> or <ref href="#section-27">27</ref>, that is predicated on an offence within sub-paragraph <ref href="#section-16-2-d-i">(i)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-16-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>assessing whether a regulatory requirement is being, or has been, met—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>by the regulated body, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>in relation to authorised automated vehicles for which the regulated body is or has been responsible,</content></level></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-16-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>investigating whether, how or why an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the regulated body was responsible for it,</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-16-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>assessing whether an authorised automated vehicle for which the regulated body is or has been responsible continues to satisfy the self-driving test by reference to the authorised locations and circumstances, and</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-16-2-d"><num>(d)</num><intro>investigating—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-d-i"><num>(i)</num><content>a suspected offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> by the regulated body, or another regulated body that is or has been responsible for a vehicle for which the regulated body is or has been responsible, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-16-2-d-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>a suspected offence under section <ref href="#section-25">25</ref>, or a suspected offence arising by virtue of section <ref href="#section-26">26</ref> or <ref href="#section-27">27</ref>, that is predicated on an offence within sub-paragraph <ref href="#section-16-2-d-i">(i)</ref>.</content></level></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-16-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The international purpose is the purpose of sharing information with an authority in a country or territory outside Great Britain (an “overseas authority”), where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-16-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the overseas authority has requested the information,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the overseas authority has functions under the law of that country or territory that are similar to those referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-16-2">(2)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-16-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is likely to assist the overseas authority in performing those functions in respect of the regulated body.</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-17"><num>17</num><heading>Power to issue information notice</heading><subsection eId="section-17-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue an information notice to a regulated body if the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to do so for any of the investigative purposes.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-2"><num>(2)</num><content>An information notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to provide information to the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>An information notice must specify—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-17-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the information that must be provided,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the form and manner in which it must be provided, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>when (or by when) it must be provided.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In specifying the form and manner in which information must be provided, an information notice may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>require documents, or copies of documents, to be produced;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>require the information to be provided in a form different from that in which it currently exists;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>require the regulated body to procure the attendance of an individual at a particular place and at a particular time in order to provide the information.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-5"><num>(5)</num><content>An information notice must explain the consequences of the notice under section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-5">(5)</ref> (if applicable) and section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref>.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-17-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue an information notice to a regulated body if the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to do so for any of the investigative purposes.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-17-2"><num>(2)</num><content>An information notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to provide information to the Secretary of State.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-17-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>An information notice must specify—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-17-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the information that must be provided,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the form and manner in which it must be provided, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>when (or by when) it must be provided.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-17-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In specifying the form and manner in which information must be provided, an information notice may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>require documents, or copies of documents, to be produced;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>require the information to be provided in a form different from that in which it currently exists;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>require the regulated body to procure the attendance of an individual at a particular place and at a particular time in order to provide the information.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-17-5"><num>(5)</num><content>An information notice must explain the consequences of the notice under section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-5">(5)</ref> (if applicable) and section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref>.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-18"><num>18</num><heading>Power to issue interview notice</heading><subsection eId="section-18-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue an interview notice to a regulated body if the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to do so for any of the investigative purposes.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-18-2"><num>(2)</num><content>An interview notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to procure the attendance of an individual at a particular place and at a particular time in order to answer questions.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-18-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An interview notice must indicate in general terms the intended subject-matter of the questioning.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-18-4"><num>(4)</num><content>An interview notice must explain the consequences of the notice under sections <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-5">(5)</ref> and <ref href="#section-20">20</ref>.</content></subsection></section>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-19"><num>19</num><heading>Notices requiring individual attendance</heading><subsection eId="section-19-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>This section applies in relation to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-19-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an information notice so far as it includes a requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref><ref href="#section-17-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-17-4-c">(c)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-19-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an interview notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The notice may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-19-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>identify a particular individual, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-19-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>describe a class of individuals.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The individual, or the individuals within that class, must be carrying out, or have carried out, paid work for the regulated body (in whatever capacity).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-4"><num>(4)</num><content>But that individual or those individuals need not have any further connection with the United Kingdom.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The regulated body complies with the notice if it takes all steps that it could reasonably be expected to take in order to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-19-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>procure the attendance of the identified individual, or an individual within the described class, at the place and time specified in the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-19-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>enable that individual to provide the information specified, or answer questions on the subject-matter indicated, in the notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-19-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The references in sections <ref href="#section-17">17</ref><ref href="#section-17-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-17-4-c">(c)</ref> and <ref href="#section-18">18</ref><ref href="#section-18-2">(2)</ref> to attendance at a particular place include attendance at a particular meeting held remotely by electronic means (and section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref><ref href="#section-20-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-20-3-c">(c)</ref><ref href="#section-20-3-c-i">(i)</ref> and <ref href="#section-20-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-20-4-c">(c)</ref><ref href="#section-20-4-c-i">(i)</ref> is to be read accordingly).</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-19-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>This section applies in relation to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-19-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an information notice so far as it includes a requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref><ref href="#section-17-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-17-4-c">(c)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-19-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an interview notice.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-19-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The notice may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-19-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>identify a particular individual, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-19-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>describe a class of individuals.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-19-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The individual, or the individuals within that class, must be carrying out, or have carried out, paid work for the regulated body (in whatever capacity).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-19-4"><num>(4)</num><content>But that individual or those individuals need not have any further connection with the United Kingdom.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-19-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The regulated body complies with the notice if it takes all steps that it could reasonably be expected to take in order to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-19-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>procure the attendance of the identified individual, or an individual within the described class, at the place and time specified in the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-19-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>enable that individual to provide the information specified, or answer questions on the subject-matter indicated, in the notice.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-19-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The references in sections <ref href="#section-17">17</ref><ref href="#section-17-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-17-4-c">(c)</ref> and <ref href="#section-18">18</ref><ref href="#section-18-2">(2)</ref> to attendance at a particular place include attendance at a particular meeting held remotely by electronic means (and section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref><ref href="#section-20-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-20-3-c">(c)</ref><ref href="#section-20-3-c-i">(i)</ref> and <ref href="#section-20-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-20-4-c">(c)</ref><ref href="#section-20-4-c-i">(i)</ref> is to be read accordingly).</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-20"><num>20</num><heading>Offences of non-compliance</heading><subsection eId="section-20-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A regulated body commits an offence if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>fails to provide information as required by an information notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>provides, in purported compliance with an information notice, information that is false or misleading in a material respect, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>fails to comply with an information notice or interview notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-5">(5)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-2"><num>(2)</num><content>It is a defence for the regulated body to prove that it took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of the offence.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is an individual identified in an information notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-19-2-a">(a)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person has been made aware of the contents of the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>the person—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-20-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to attend at the place and time specified in the notice or provide information as required by the notice, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>provides, in purported compliance with the notice, information that is false or misleading in a material respect, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is an individual identified in an interview notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-19-2-a">(a)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person has been made aware of the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-4-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>the person—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to attend at the place and time specified in the notice,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>on being interviewed further to the notice, fails, without reasonable excuse, to answer a question, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>on being interviewed further to the notice, answers a question in a way that is false or misleading in a material particular, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person destroys, suppresses or alters, or causes or permits the destruction, suppression or alteration of, any information, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person does so with the intention of preventing the provision of accurate information in response to an information notice, or at an interview undertaken further to an interview notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-20-5">(5)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the reference to information required to be provided by an information notice includes anything in or on which that information is recorded;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the references to suppressing information include destroying the means of reproducing information recorded otherwise than in a legible form.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-20-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-20-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A regulated body commits an offence if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>fails to provide information as required by an information notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>provides, in purported compliance with an information notice, information that is false or misleading in a material respect, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>fails to comply with an information notice or interview notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-5">(5)</ref>.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-20-2"><num>(2)</num><content>It is a defence for the regulated body to prove that it took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of the offence.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-20-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is an individual identified in an information notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-19-2-a">(a)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person has been made aware of the contents of the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>the person—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-20-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to attend at the place and time specified in the notice or provide information as required by the notice, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>provides, in purported compliance with the notice, information that is false or misleading in a material respect, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-20-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is an individual identified in an information notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-19-2-a">(a)</ref>,</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-20-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person has been made aware of the contents of the notice, and</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-20-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>the person—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-20-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to attend at the place and time specified in the notice or provide information as required by the notice, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>provides, in purported compliance with the notice, information that is false or misleading in a material respect, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-20-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is an individual identified in an interview notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-19-2-a">(a)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person has been made aware of the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-4-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>the person—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to attend at the place and time specified in the notice,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>on being interviewed further to the notice, fails, without reasonable excuse, to answer a question, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>on being interviewed further to the notice, answers a question in a way that is false or misleading in a material particular, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-20-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is an individual identified in an interview notice as described in section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref><ref href="#section-19-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-19-2-a">(a)</ref>,</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-20-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person has been made aware of the notice, and</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-20-4-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>the person—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to attend at the place and time specified in the notice,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>on being interviewed further to the notice, fails, without reasonable excuse, to answer a question, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-20-4-c-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>on being interviewed further to the notice, answers a question in a way that is false or misleading in a material particular, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-20-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person destroys, suppresses or alters, or causes or permits the destruction, suppression or alteration of, any information, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person does so with the intention of preventing the provision of accurate information in response to an information notice, or at an interview undertaken further to an interview notice.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-20-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-20-5">(5)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the reference to information required to be provided by an information notice includes anything in or on which that information is recorded;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the references to suppressing information include destroying the means of reproducing information recorded otherwise than in a legible form.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-20-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-20-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-20-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-21"><num>21</num><heading>Enforcement by court</heading><content>The High Court or the Court of Session may, on application by the Secretary of State, make such order as the court thinks fit in order to secure compliance with an information notice or interview notice by the person to whom it is issued.</content></section>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-22"><num>22</num><heading>Use of information obtained</heading><subsection eId="section-22-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-22-2">(2)</ref> to <ref href="#section-22-4">(4)</ref> apply to information obtained as a result of the exercise of a power in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref> or <ref href="#section-18">18</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may use the information for any of the investigative purposes in relation to any regulated body, irrespective of the purpose for which it was initially obtained.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If the information is shared with an overseas authority, it must be shared on terms designed to prevent the overseas authority from—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-22-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>using the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was disclosed, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-22-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>further sharing the information,</content></level><wrapUp>without the Secretary of State’s consent.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State may also use the information for the purposes of the arrangements put in place under section <ref href="#section-38">38</ref> (monitoring and assessing the general performance of automated vehicles).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-22-6">(6)</ref> applies to a statement made by a person in response to a notice under section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref> or <ref href="#section-18">18</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In any criminal proceedings against the person who made the statement, no evidence relating to the statement may be adduced, and no question relating to it may be asked, by or on behalf of the prosecution.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-22-6">(6)</ref> does not apply—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-22-7-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>if the proceedings are for—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref>, <ref href="#section-24">24</ref>, <ref href="#section-25">25</ref> or <ref href="#section-30">30</ref>,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an offence under section 5 of the Perjury Act 1911 (false statutory declarations and other false statements without oath),</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>an offence under section 44(2) of the Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995 (false statements and declarations), or</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-22-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in any other proceedings, if evidence relating to the information is adduced, or a question relating to the information is asked, by or on behalf of the person who provided it.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-22-8"><num>(8)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-overseas-authority" eId="term-overseas-authority">overseas authority</term>” has the meaning indicated by section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref><ref href="#section-16-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-22-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-22-2">(2)</ref> to <ref href="#section-22-4">(4)</ref> apply to information obtained as a result of the exercise of a power in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref> or <ref href="#section-18">18</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-22-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may use the information for any of the investigative purposes in relation to any regulated body, irrespective of the purpose for which it was initially obtained.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-22-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If the information is shared with an overseas authority, it must be shared on terms designed to prevent the overseas authority from—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-22-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>using the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was disclosed, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-22-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>further sharing the information,</content></level><wrapUp>without the Secretary of State’s consent.</wrapUp></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-22-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State may also use the information for the purposes of the arrangements put in place under section <ref href="#section-38">38</ref> (monitoring and assessing the general performance of automated vehicles).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-22-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-22-6">(6)</ref> applies to a statement made by a person in response to a notice under section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref> or <ref href="#section-18">18</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-22-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In any criminal proceedings against the person who made the statement, no evidence relating to the statement may be adduced, and no question relating to it may be asked, by or on behalf of the prosecution.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-22-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-22-6">(6)</ref> does not apply—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-22-7-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>if the proceedings are for—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref>, <ref href="#section-24">24</ref>, <ref href="#section-25">25</ref> or <ref href="#section-30">30</ref>,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an offence under section 5 of the Perjury Act 1911 (false statutory declarations and other false statements without oath),</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>an offence under section 44(2) of the Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995 (false statements and declarations), or</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-22-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in any other proceedings, if evidence relating to the information is adduced, or a question relating to the information is asked, by or on behalf of the person who provided it.</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-22-7-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>if the proceedings are for—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref>, <ref href="#section-24">24</ref>, <ref href="#section-25">25</ref> or <ref href="#section-30">30</ref>,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an offence under section 5 of the Perjury Act 1911 (false statutory declarations and other false statements without oath),</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-22-7-a-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>an offence under section 44(2) of the Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995 (false statements and declarations), or</content></level></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-22-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in any other proceedings, if evidence relating to the information is adduced, or a question relating to the information is asked, by or on behalf of the person who provided it.</content></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-22-8"><num>(8)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-overseas-authority" eId="term-overseas-authority">overseas authority</term>” has the meaning indicated by section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref><ref href="#section-16-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-23"><num>23</num><heading>Supplementary provision</heading><subsection eId="section-23-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Where the Secretary of State has issued an information notice or an interview notice to a regulated body, the Secretary of State may by further notice issued to that body—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-23-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-23-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>vary it in any way that does not make it more onerous.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-23-2"><num>(2)</num><content>For the purposes of the sections from section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref> to this section, a person who has ceased to be a regulated body is to be treated, in relation to anything that occurred when the person was a regulated body, as if the person were still a regulated body.</content></subsection></section>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-1-chapter-3-crossheading-offences-relating-to-information-about-safety"><heading>Offences relating to information about safety</heading><section eId="section-24"><num>24</num><heading>False or withheld information relevant to vehicle safety</heading><subsection eId="section-24-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is, or is seeking to become, a regulated body,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the person provides to the Secretary of State—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-24-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>information about a vehicle for which the person is, has been, or is seeking to become responsible, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-24-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>other information in connection with the person’s role (or proposed role) as a regulated body, and</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is false or misleading in a respect in which it is relevant to the safety of the person’s automated vehicle operations.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Subsections <ref href="#section-24-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#section-24-4">(4)</ref> apply where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person is, or is seeking to become, a regulated body,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the person is required by—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-24-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>a regulatory requirement, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-24-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an information notice under section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref>,</content></level><wrapUp>to provide information to the Secretary of State, and</wrapUp></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is relevant to the safety of the person’s automated vehicle operations.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-3"><num>(3)</num><content>That person commits an offence if the person fails to provide the information as required.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Any person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person destroys, suppresses or alters, or causes or permits the destruction, suppression or alteration of, the information, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person does so with the intention of preventing the provision of accurate information in accordance with the requirement or notice concerned.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-24-4">(4)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the reference to the information includes anything in or on which that information is recorded;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the references to suppressing information include destroying the means of reproducing information recorded otherwise than in a legible form.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, information is relevant to the safety of a person’s automated vehicle operations if it would affect a reasonable observer’s assessment—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of a person who is, or is seeking to become, an authorised self-driving entity, of how safely a vehicle for which the person is (or would be) the authorised self-driving entity is likely to travel while an authorised automation feature is engaged, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a person who is, or is seeking to become, a licensed no-user-in-charge operator, of how safely a vehicle is likely to undertake a no-user-in-charge journey that is overseen by the person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-7"><num>(7)</num><content>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-24-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-24-3">(3)</ref> to prove that the person took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of the offence.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-25"><num>25</num><heading>Aggravated offence where death or serious injury occurs</heading><subsection eId="section-25-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person has committed an offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref><ref href="#section-24-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-24-3">(3)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>had information been provided in a way that avoided the commission of any such offence, that information would have disclosed a heightened risk that a vehicle in which an authorised automation feature is engaged would be involved in a dangerous incident of a particular kind,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a vehicle in which that feature is engaged is involved in a dangerous incident of that kind, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>an individual is killed or seriously injured as a result of that incident.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person has committed an offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref><ref href="#section-24-4">(4)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the conduct constituting the offence prevented the provision of accurate information to the Secretary of State,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>had that information been provided in the way that that conduct prevented, it would have disclosed a heightened risk that a vehicle in which an authorised automation feature is engaged would be involved in a dangerous incident of a particular kind,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>a vehicle in which that feature is engaged is involved in a dangerous incident of that kind, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>an individual is killed or seriously injured as a result of that incident.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>For the purposes of subsections <ref href="#section-25-1">(1)</ref> and <ref href="#section-25-2">(2)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>information would have “disclosed a heightened risk” if it would have caused a reasonable person to perceive a greater risk than the person would have perceived from the information (if any) that was in fact provided when the offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> occurred;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-dangerous-incident" eId="term-dangerous-incident">dangerous incident</term>” means an incident of a sort that carries an obvious risk of serious injury to an individual.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-4"><num>(4)</num><content>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that the offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> had, by the time the dangerous incident occurred, no significant continuing effect on the risk of its occurring.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years or a fine (or both).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury" eId="term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in England and Wales, physical harm which amounts to grievous bodily harm for the purposes of the Offences against the Person Act 1861;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in Scotland, severe physical injury.</content></level></subsection></section></hcontainer>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-24"><num>24</num><heading>False or withheld information relevant to vehicle safety</heading><subsection eId="section-24-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is, or is seeking to become, a regulated body,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the person provides to the Secretary of State—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-24-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>information about a vehicle for which the person is, has been, or is seeking to become responsible, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-24-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>other information in connection with the person’s role (or proposed role) as a regulated body, and</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is false or misleading in a respect in which it is relevant to the safety of the person’s automated vehicle operations.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Subsections <ref href="#section-24-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#section-24-4">(4)</ref> apply where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person is, or is seeking to become, a regulated body,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the person is required by—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-24-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>a regulatory requirement, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-24-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an information notice under section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref>,</content></level><wrapUp>to provide information to the Secretary of State, and</wrapUp></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is relevant to the safety of the person’s automated vehicle operations.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-3"><num>(3)</num><content>That person commits an offence if the person fails to provide the information as required.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Any person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person destroys, suppresses or alters, or causes or permits the destruction, suppression or alteration of, the information, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person does so with the intention of preventing the provision of accurate information in accordance with the requirement or notice concerned.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-24-4">(4)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the reference to the information includes anything in or on which that information is recorded;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the references to suppressing information include destroying the means of reproducing information recorded otherwise than in a legible form.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, information is relevant to the safety of a person’s automated vehicle operations if it would affect a reasonable observer’s assessment—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of a person who is, or is seeking to become, an authorised self-driving entity, of how safely a vehicle for which the person is (or would be) the authorised self-driving entity is likely to travel while an authorised automation feature is engaged, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a person who is, or is seeking to become, a licensed no-user-in-charge operator, of how safely a vehicle is likely to undertake a no-user-in-charge journey that is overseen by the person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-7"><num>(7)</num><content>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-24-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-24-3">(3)</ref> to prove that the person took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of the offence.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-24-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-24-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is, or is seeking to become, a regulated body,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the person provides to the Secretary of State—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-24-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>information about a vehicle for which the person is, has been, or is seeking to become responsible, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-24-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>other information in connection with the person’s role (or proposed role) as a regulated body, and</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is false or misleading in a respect in which it is relevant to the safety of the person’s automated vehicle operations.</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-24-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is, or is seeking to become, a regulated body,</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-24-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the person provides to the Secretary of State—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-24-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>information about a vehicle for which the person is, has been, or is seeking to become responsible, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-24-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>other information in connection with the person’s role (or proposed role) as a regulated body, and</content></level></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-24-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is false or misleading in a respect in which it is relevant to the safety of the person’s automated vehicle operations.</content></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-24-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Subsections <ref href="#section-24-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#section-24-4">(4)</ref> apply where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person is, or is seeking to become, a regulated body,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the person is required by—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-24-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>a regulatory requirement, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-24-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an information notice under section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref>,</content></level><wrapUp>to provide information to the Secretary of State, and</wrapUp></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is relevant to the safety of the person’s automated vehicle operations.</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-24-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person is, or is seeking to become, a regulated body,</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-24-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the person is required by—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-24-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>a regulatory requirement, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-24-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an information notice under section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref>,</content></level><wrapUp>to provide information to the Secretary of State, and</wrapUp></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-24-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the information is relevant to the safety of the person’s automated vehicle operations.</content></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-24-3"><num>(3)</num><content>That person commits an offence if the person fails to provide the information as required.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-24-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Any person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person destroys, suppresses or alters, or causes or permits the destruction, suppression or alteration of, the information, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person does so with the intention of preventing the provision of accurate information in accordance with the requirement or notice concerned.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-24-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-24-4">(4)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the reference to the information includes anything in or on which that information is recorded;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the references to suppressing information include destroying the means of reproducing information recorded otherwise than in a legible form.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-24-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, information is relevant to the safety of a person’s automated vehicle operations if it would affect a reasonable observer’s assessment—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of a person who is, or is seeking to become, an authorised self-driving entity, of how safely a vehicle for which the person is (or would be) the authorised self-driving entity is likely to travel while an authorised automation feature is engaged, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a person who is, or is seeking to become, a licensed no-user-in-charge operator, of how safely a vehicle is likely to undertake a no-user-in-charge journey that is overseen by the person.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-24-7"><num>(7)</num><content>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-24-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-24-3">(3)</ref> to prove that the person took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of the offence.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-24-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-24-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-24-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-25"><num>25</num><heading>Aggravated offence where death or serious injury occurs</heading><subsection eId="section-25-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person has committed an offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref><ref href="#section-24-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-24-3">(3)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>had information been provided in a way that avoided the commission of any such offence, that information would have disclosed a heightened risk that a vehicle in which an authorised automation feature is engaged would be involved in a dangerous incident of a particular kind,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a vehicle in which that feature is engaged is involved in a dangerous incident of that kind, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>an individual is killed or seriously injured as a result of that incident.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person has committed an offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref><ref href="#section-24-4">(4)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the conduct constituting the offence prevented the provision of accurate information to the Secretary of State,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>had that information been provided in the way that that conduct prevented, it would have disclosed a heightened risk that a vehicle in which an authorised automation feature is engaged would be involved in a dangerous incident of a particular kind,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>a vehicle in which that feature is engaged is involved in a dangerous incident of that kind, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>an individual is killed or seriously injured as a result of that incident.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>For the purposes of subsections <ref href="#section-25-1">(1)</ref> and <ref href="#section-25-2">(2)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>information would have “disclosed a heightened risk” if it would have caused a reasonable person to perceive a greater risk than the person would have perceived from the information (if any) that was in fact provided when the offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> occurred;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-dangerous-incident" eId="term-dangerous-incident">dangerous incident</term>” means an incident of a sort that carries an obvious risk of serious injury to an individual.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-4"><num>(4)</num><content>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that the offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> had, by the time the dangerous incident occurred, no significant continuing effect on the risk of its occurring.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years or a fine (or both).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-25-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury" eId="term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in England and Wales, physical harm which amounts to grievous bodily harm for the purposes of the Offences against the Person Act 1861;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in Scotland, severe physical injury.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-25-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person has committed an offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref><ref href="#section-24-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-24-3">(3)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>had information been provided in a way that avoided the commission of any such offence, that information would have disclosed a heightened risk that a vehicle in which an authorised automation feature is engaged would be involved in a dangerous incident of a particular kind,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a vehicle in which that feature is engaged is involved in a dangerous incident of that kind, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>an individual is killed or seriously injured as a result of that incident.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-25-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person has committed an offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref><ref href="#section-24-4">(4)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the conduct constituting the offence prevented the provision of accurate information to the Secretary of State,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>had that information been provided in the way that that conduct prevented, it would have disclosed a heightened risk that a vehicle in which an authorised automation feature is engaged would be involved in a dangerous incident of a particular kind,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>a vehicle in which that feature is engaged is involved in a dangerous incident of that kind, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>an individual is killed or seriously injured as a result of that incident.</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-25-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person has committed an offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref><ref href="#section-24-4">(4)</ref>,</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-25-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the conduct constituting the offence prevented the provision of accurate information to the Secretary of State,</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-25-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>had that information been provided in the way that that conduct prevented, it would have disclosed a heightened risk that a vehicle in which an authorised automation feature is engaged would be involved in a dangerous incident of a particular kind,</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-25-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>a vehicle in which that feature is engaged is involved in a dangerous incident of that kind, and</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-25-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>an individual is killed or seriously injured as a result of that incident.</content></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-25-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>For the purposes of subsections <ref href="#section-25-1">(1)</ref> and <ref href="#section-25-2">(2)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>information would have “disclosed a heightened risk” if it would have caused a reasonable person to perceive a greater risk than the person would have perceived from the information (if any) that was in fact provided when the offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> occurred;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-dangerous-incident" eId="term-dangerous-incident">dangerous incident</term>” means an incident of a sort that carries an obvious risk of serious injury to an individual.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-25-4"><num>(4)</num><content>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that the offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> had, by the time the dangerous incident occurred, no significant continuing effect on the risk of its occurring.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-25-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years or a fine (or both).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-25-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury" eId="term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-25-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in England and Wales, physical harm which amounts to grievous bodily harm for the purposes of the Offences against the Person Act 1861;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-25-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in Scotland, severe physical injury.</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-26"><num>26</num><heading>Liability of nominated individual</heading><subsection eId="section-26-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-26-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person (“<term refersTo="#term-b" eId="term-b">B</term>”) who is, or is seeking to become, a regulated body commits an offence under section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref> or <ref href="#section-24">24</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-26-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>at the time of that offence, another person (“<term refersTo="#term-a" eId="term-a">A</term>”) is the nominated individual for the information to which the offence relates,</content></level><wrapUp>A also commits the offence.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-26-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-26-1">(1)</ref>, A is the nominated individual for information if A stands nominated by B as the individual responsible for the information further to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-26-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorisation requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-15">15</ref><ref href="#section-15-1">(1)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-26-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>operator licensing regulations of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-15">15</ref><ref href="#section-15-2">(2)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-26-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In determining for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-26-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-26-1-a">(a)</ref> whether an offence has been committed by B, the defence in section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref><ref href="#section-20-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-24">24</ref><ref href="#section-24-7">(7)</ref> is to be ignored.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-26-4"><num>(4)</num><content>It is a defence for A to prove that A took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of the offence by B.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-26-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-26-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person (“<term refersTo="#term-b" eId="term-b">B</term>”) who is, or is seeking to become, a regulated body commits an offence under section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref> or <ref href="#section-24">24</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-26-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>at the time of that offence, another person (“<term refersTo="#term-a" eId="term-a">A</term>”) is the nominated individual for the information to which the offence relates,</content></level><wrapUp>A also commits the offence.</wrapUp></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-26-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-26-1">(1)</ref>, A is the nominated individual for information if A stands nominated by B as the individual responsible for the information further to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-26-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorisation requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-15">15</ref><ref href="#section-15-1">(1)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-26-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>operator licensing regulations of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-15">15</ref><ref href="#section-15-2">(2)</ref>.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-26-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In determining for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-26-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-26-1-a">(a)</ref> whether an offence has been committed by B, the defence in section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref><ref href="#section-20-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-24">24</ref><ref href="#section-24-7">(7)</ref> is to be ignored.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-26-4"><num>(4)</num><content>It is a defence for A to prove that A took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of the offence by B.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-27"><num>27</num><heading>Liability of senior manager</heading><subsection eId="section-27-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-27-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an individual (“<term refersTo="#term-a" eId="term-a">A</term>”) is a relevant senior manager of a relevant entity (“<term refersTo="#term-b" eId="term-b">B</term>”),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>B commits an offence under section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref> or <ref href="#section-24">24</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>A consents to or connives in the commission of the offence by B,</content></level><wrapUp>A also commits the offence.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-27-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A is a “relevant senior manager” of B if A plays a significant role in making decisions about how—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-27-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the activities of B as a whole, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the relevant activities of B,</content></level><wrapUp>are managed or organised.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-27-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In subsection <ref href="#section-27-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-27-2-b">(b)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-the-relevant-activities" eId="term-the-relevant-activities">the relevant activities</term>” means the activities to which the relevant information relates; and in this subsection “<term refersTo="#term-the-relevant-information" eId="term-the-relevant-information">the relevant information</term>” means the information to which the offence mentioned in subsection <ref href="#section-27-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-27-1-b">(b)</ref> relates.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-27-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-27-1">(1)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-entity" eId="term-relevant-entity">relevant entity</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-27-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a body corporate,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a partnership, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a firm or other entity similar in nature to a partnership established under a foreign law.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-27-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-27-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an individual (“<term refersTo="#term-a" eId="term-a">A</term>”) is a relevant senior manager of a relevant entity (“<term refersTo="#term-b" eId="term-b">B</term>”),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>B commits an offence under section <ref href="#section-20">20</ref> or <ref href="#section-24">24</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>A consents to or connives in the commission of the offence by B,</content></level><wrapUp>A also commits the offence.</wrapUp></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-27-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A is a “relevant senior manager” of B if A plays a significant role in making decisions about how—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-27-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the activities of B as a whole, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the relevant activities of B,</content></level><wrapUp>are managed or organised.</wrapUp></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-27-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In subsection <ref href="#section-27-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-27-2-b">(b)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-the-relevant-activities" eId="term-the-relevant-activities">the relevant activities</term>” means the activities to which the relevant information relates; and in this subsection “<term refersTo="#term-the-relevant-information" eId="term-the-relevant-information">the relevant information</term>” means the information to which the offence mentioned in subsection <ref href="#section-27-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-27-1-b">(b)</ref> relates.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-27-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-27-1">(1)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-entity" eId="term-relevant-entity">relevant entity</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-27-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a body corporate,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a partnership, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-27-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a firm or other entity similar in nature to a partnership established under a foreign law.</content></level></subsection>

<chapter xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="part-1-chapter-4"><num>Chapter 4</num><heading>Powers to investigate premises used by regulated bodies</heading><section eId="section-28"><num>28</num><heading>Warrants for entry, search and seizure</heading><subsection eId="section-28-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A justice of the peace may, if satisfied that the conditions in subsection <ref href="#section-28-2">(2)</ref> are met, grant a warrant to the Secretary of State authorising the exercise of the powers in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref> in relation to premises identified in the warrant.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-28-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The conditions are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-28-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that the premises are being used by a regulated body,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>that it is appropriate to grant the warrant for any of the investigative purposes (see section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref>), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>that it is necessary to grant the warrant for one of the reasons given in subsection <ref href="#section-28-3">(3)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-28-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The reasons are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-28-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that an information notice or interview notice has been issued to the regulated body and not complied with;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>that there is reason to believe that, if an information notice or interview notice were issued to the regulated body, it would not be complied with;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>that an information notice or interview notice to which section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref> applies has been issued to the regulated body but has not succeeded in obtaining the information that it sought to obtain;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>that the need to exercise the powers is too urgent to await the obtaining of information further to an information notice or interview notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-28-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A justice of the peace may be satisfied that the conditions in subsection <ref href="#section-28-2">(2)</ref> are met only on the basis of information or evidence given on oath on behalf of the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-28-5"><num>(5)</num><content>References in this section to a justice of the peace include a sheriff in Scotland.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-28-6"><num>(6)</num><content>For the purposes of this section, a person who has ceased to be a regulated body is to be treated, in relation to anything that occurred when the person was a regulated body, as if the person were still a regulated body.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-29"><num>29</num><heading>Powers exercisable under warrant</heading><subsection eId="section-29-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The powers in this section are powers to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>enter the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>search the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>examine any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises (including by operating a computer or other device in order to gain access to information);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>seize any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises and remove it;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-e"><num>(e)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises, or any information contained in or accessible by means of any such document, equipment, item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-f"><num>(f)</num><intro>require any person on the premises to provide information or assistance for the purpose of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-29-1-f-i"><num>(i)</num><content>enabling or facilitating the exercise of the preceding powers, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-29-1-f-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allowing anything inspected, seized or recorded in the exercise of those powers to be better understood.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person exercising those powers—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-29-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>may do so only so far as the person reasonably considers necessary for any of the investigative purposes (see section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref>), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in particular, may not exercise the power to seize and remove something unless the person considers that exercising the power to record it would be insufficient.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-3"><num>(3)</num><content>A warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref> is to be executed (and the powers in this section accordingly exercised) on behalf of the Secretary of State by a person authorised in writing by the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-4"><num>(4)</num><content>That person may take other persons, equipment and materials onto the premises for the purposes of assisting in the exercise of the powers in this section.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person so taken onto the premises may also exercise the powers in this section on behalf of the Secretary of State if the person is in the company, and under the supervision, of the person authorised under subsection <ref href="#section-29-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-6"><num>(6)</num><content>A person exercising the powers in this section may use reasonable force if necessary (except to enforce a requirement under subsection <ref href="#section-29-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-29-1-f">(f)</ref>).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref> authorises the exercise of the powers in this section—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-29-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>only at a reasonable hour,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>only within a period of one month beginning with the day on which it is issued, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>only on one occasion, unless the warrant specifies a greater number of occasions;</content></level><wrapUp>and may be granted subject to further conditions or limitations.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>On each occasion on which premises are entered further to a warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref>, the person executing the warrant—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>must be accompanied by a constable until entry to the premises is fully secured;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>must give a copy of the warrant to any person appearing to be in charge of the premises at the earliest opportunity (if possible before entering the premises);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if no such copy is given during the period of entry on the premises, must leave a copy of the warrant in a prominent place on the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-d"><num>(d)</num><content>must produce, on request by any person appearing to be in charge of the premises, proof of identity and of authorisation under subsection <ref href="#section-29-3">(3)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-e"><num>(e)</num><content>if no person appearing to be in charge of the premises is present when the person executing the warrant is on the premises, must leave the premises as effectively secured against trespassers as that person found them.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-9"><num>(9)</num><content>The Secretary of State must arrange for the publication of information on the exercise of the powers in this section at such intervals as seem appropriate.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-30"><num>30</num><heading>Offences of impeding execution of warrant</heading><subsection eId="section-30-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if the person—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-30-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>intentionally obstructs a person in the exercise of the powers in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-30-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with a requirement made of the person in the exercise of those powers, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-30-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in response to such a requirement, makes a statement that is false or misleading in a material respect, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-30-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-30-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-30-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-30-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-31"><num>31</num><heading>Seizure of items</heading><subsection eId="section-31-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies where a person exercises the power of seizure and removal in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref><ref href="#section-29-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-29-1-d">(d)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-31-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The person must, on request by any person appearing to be in charge of the premises—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-31-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>give a receipt for the thing seized, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-31-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a document readily capable of being copied, give a copy of it.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-31-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The thing seized may be retained in the possession of the Secretary of State for so long as the Secretary of State considers necessary for any of the investigative purposes (irrespective of the purpose for which it was initially obtained).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-31-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For any such purpose, a person acting on behalf of the Secretary of State may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-31-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>examine the thing seized (using reasonable force if necessary), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-31-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any information obtained from the thing seized.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-31-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about how the thing seized is to be dealt with.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-31-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-31-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>authorise the retention or use of the thing seized for purposes other than the investigatory purposes;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-31-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>authorise the delivery of the thing seized to a person other than its owner;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-31-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>authorise the destruction of the thing seized.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-32"><num>32</num><heading>Return of warrant</heading><subsection eId="section-32-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If a warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref> is executed, the person who executed it must return it to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement summarising the exercise of the powers in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-32-2"><num>(2)</num><content>If a warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref> is not executed, the Secretary of State must return it to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement stating that it was not executed.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-33"><num>33</num><heading>Use of information obtained</heading><subsection eId="section-33-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-22-2">(2)</ref> to <ref href="#section-22-4">(4)</ref> of section <ref href="#section-22">22</ref> (use of information for the investigative purposes) apply to information obtained as a result of the exercise of a power in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref> or <ref href="#section-31">31</ref> as they apply to information obtained as a result of the exercise of a power in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref> or <ref href="#section-18">18</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-33-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-22-6">(6)</ref> and <ref href="#section-22-7">(7)</ref> of section <ref href="#section-22">22</ref> (admissibility of information in criminal proceedings) apply to a statement made by a person in response to a requirement under section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref><ref href="#section-29-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-29-1-f">(f)</ref> as they apply to a statement made by a person in response to a notice under section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref> or <ref href="#section-18">18</ref>.</content></subsection></section></chapter>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-28"><num>28</num><heading>Warrants for entry, search and seizure</heading><subsection eId="section-28-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A justice of the peace may, if satisfied that the conditions in subsection <ref href="#section-28-2">(2)</ref> are met, grant a warrant to the Secretary of State authorising the exercise of the powers in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref> in relation to premises identified in the warrant.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-28-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The conditions are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-28-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that the premises are being used by a regulated body,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>that it is appropriate to grant the warrant for any of the investigative purposes (see section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref>), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>that it is necessary to grant the warrant for one of the reasons given in subsection <ref href="#section-28-3">(3)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-28-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The reasons are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-28-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that an information notice or interview notice has been issued to the regulated body and not complied with;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>that there is reason to believe that, if an information notice or interview notice were issued to the regulated body, it would not be complied with;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>that an information notice or interview notice to which section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref> applies has been issued to the regulated body but has not succeeded in obtaining the information that it sought to obtain;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>that the need to exercise the powers is too urgent to await the obtaining of information further to an information notice or interview notice.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-28-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A justice of the peace may be satisfied that the conditions in subsection <ref href="#section-28-2">(2)</ref> are met only on the basis of information or evidence given on oath on behalf of the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-28-5"><num>(5)</num><content>References in this section to a justice of the peace include a sheriff in Scotland.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-28-6"><num>(6)</num><content>For the purposes of this section, a person who has ceased to be a regulated body is to be treated, in relation to anything that occurred when the person was a regulated body, as if the person were still a regulated body.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-28-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A justice of the peace may, if satisfied that the conditions in subsection <ref href="#section-28-2">(2)</ref> are met, grant a warrant to the Secretary of State authorising the exercise of the powers in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref> in relation to premises identified in the warrant.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-28-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The conditions are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-28-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that the premises are being used by a regulated body,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>that it is appropriate to grant the warrant for any of the investigative purposes (see section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref>), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>that it is necessary to grant the warrant for one of the reasons given in subsection <ref href="#section-28-3">(3)</ref>.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-28-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The reasons are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-28-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that an information notice or interview notice has been issued to the regulated body and not complied with;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>that there is reason to believe that, if an information notice or interview notice were issued to the regulated body, it would not be complied with;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>that an information notice or interview notice to which section <ref href="#section-19">19</ref> applies has been issued to the regulated body but has not succeeded in obtaining the information that it sought to obtain;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-28-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>that the need to exercise the powers is too urgent to await the obtaining of information further to an information notice or interview notice.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-28-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A justice of the peace may be satisfied that the conditions in subsection <ref href="#section-28-2">(2)</ref> are met only on the basis of information or evidence given on oath on behalf of the Secretary of State.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-28-5"><num>(5)</num><content>References in this section to a justice of the peace include a sheriff in Scotland.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-28-6"><num>(6)</num><content>For the purposes of this section, a person who has ceased to be a regulated body is to be treated, in relation to anything that occurred when the person was a regulated body, as if the person were still a regulated body.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-29"><num>29</num><heading>Powers exercisable under warrant</heading><subsection eId="section-29-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The powers in this section are powers to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>enter the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>search the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>examine any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises (including by operating a computer or other device in order to gain access to information);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>seize any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises and remove it;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-e"><num>(e)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises, or any information contained in or accessible by means of any such document, equipment, item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-f"><num>(f)</num><intro>require any person on the premises to provide information or assistance for the purpose of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-29-1-f-i"><num>(i)</num><content>enabling or facilitating the exercise of the preceding powers, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-29-1-f-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allowing anything inspected, seized or recorded in the exercise of those powers to be better understood.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person exercising those powers—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-29-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>may do so only so far as the person reasonably considers necessary for any of the investigative purposes (see section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref>), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in particular, may not exercise the power to seize and remove something unless the person considers that exercising the power to record it would be insufficient.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-3"><num>(3)</num><content>A warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref> is to be executed (and the powers in this section accordingly exercised) on behalf of the Secretary of State by a person authorised in writing by the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-4"><num>(4)</num><content>That person may take other persons, equipment and materials onto the premises for the purposes of assisting in the exercise of the powers in this section.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person so taken onto the premises may also exercise the powers in this section on behalf of the Secretary of State if the person is in the company, and under the supervision, of the person authorised under subsection <ref href="#section-29-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-6"><num>(6)</num><content>A person exercising the powers in this section may use reasonable force if necessary (except to enforce a requirement under subsection <ref href="#section-29-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-29-1-f">(f)</ref>).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref> authorises the exercise of the powers in this section—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-29-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>only at a reasonable hour,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>only within a period of one month beginning with the day on which it is issued, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>only on one occasion, unless the warrant specifies a greater number of occasions;</content></level><wrapUp>and may be granted subject to further conditions or limitations.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>On each occasion on which premises are entered further to a warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref>, the person executing the warrant—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>must be accompanied by a constable until entry to the premises is fully secured;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>must give a copy of the warrant to any person appearing to be in charge of the premises at the earliest opportunity (if possible before entering the premises);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if no such copy is given during the period of entry on the premises, must leave a copy of the warrant in a prominent place on the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-d"><num>(d)</num><content>must produce, on request by any person appearing to be in charge of the premises, proof of identity and of authorisation under subsection <ref href="#section-29-3">(3)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-e"><num>(e)</num><content>if no person appearing to be in charge of the premises is present when the person executing the warrant is on the premises, must leave the premises as effectively secured against trespassers as that person found them.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-29-9"><num>(9)</num><content>The Secretary of State must arrange for the publication of information on the exercise of the powers in this section at such intervals as seem appropriate.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-29-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The powers in this section are powers to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>enter the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>search the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>examine any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises (including by operating a computer or other device in order to gain access to information);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>seize any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises and remove it;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-e"><num>(e)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises, or any information contained in or accessible by means of any such document, equipment, item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-1-f"><num>(f)</num><intro>require any person on the premises to provide information or assistance for the purpose of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-29-1-f-i"><num>(i)</num><content>enabling or facilitating the exercise of the preceding powers, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-29-1-f-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allowing anything inspected, seized or recorded in the exercise of those powers to be better understood.</content></level></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-29-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>enter the premises;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-29-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>search the premises;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-29-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>examine any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises (including by operating a computer or other device in order to gain access to information);</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-29-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>seize any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises and remove it;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-29-1-e"><num>(e)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises, or any information contained in or accessible by means of any such document, equipment, item or material;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-29-1-f"><num>(f)</num><intro>require any person on the premises to provide information or assistance for the purpose of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-29-1-f-i"><num>(i)</num><content>enabling or facilitating the exercise of the preceding powers, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-29-1-f-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allowing anything inspected, seized or recorded in the exercise of those powers to be better understood.</content></level></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-29-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person exercising those powers—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-29-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>may do so only so far as the person reasonably considers necessary for any of the investigative purposes (see section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref>), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in particular, may not exercise the power to seize and remove something unless the person considers that exercising the power to record it would be insufficient.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-29-3"><num>(3)</num><content>A warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref> is to be executed (and the powers in this section accordingly exercised) on behalf of the Secretary of State by a person authorised in writing by the Secretary of State.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-29-4"><num>(4)</num><content>That person may take other persons, equipment and materials onto the premises for the purposes of assisting in the exercise of the powers in this section.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-29-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person so taken onto the premises may also exercise the powers in this section on behalf of the Secretary of State if the person is in the company, and under the supervision, of the person authorised under subsection <ref href="#section-29-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-29-6"><num>(6)</num><content>A person exercising the powers in this section may use reasonable force if necessary (except to enforce a requirement under subsection <ref href="#section-29-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-29-1-f">(f)</ref>).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-29-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref> authorises the exercise of the powers in this section—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-29-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>only at a reasonable hour,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>only within a period of one month beginning with the day on which it is issued, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>only on one occasion, unless the warrant specifies a greater number of occasions;</content></level><wrapUp>and may be granted subject to further conditions or limitations.</wrapUp></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-29-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>On each occasion on which premises are entered further to a warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref>, the person executing the warrant—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>must be accompanied by a constable until entry to the premises is fully secured;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>must give a copy of the warrant to any person appearing to be in charge of the premises at the earliest opportunity (if possible before entering the premises);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if no such copy is given during the period of entry on the premises, must leave a copy of the warrant in a prominent place on the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-d"><num>(d)</num><content>must produce, on request by any person appearing to be in charge of the premises, proof of identity and of authorisation under subsection <ref href="#section-29-3">(3)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-29-8-e"><num>(e)</num><content>if no person appearing to be in charge of the premises is present when the person executing the warrant is on the premises, must leave the premises as effectively secured against trespassers as that person found them.</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-29-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>must be accompanied by a constable until entry to the premises is fully secured;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-29-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>must give a copy of the warrant to any person appearing to be in charge of the premises at the earliest opportunity (if possible before entering the premises);</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-29-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if no such copy is given during the period of entry on the premises, must leave a copy of the warrant in a prominent place on the premises;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-29-8-d"><num>(d)</num><content>must produce, on request by any person appearing to be in charge of the premises, proof of identity and of authorisation under subsection <ref href="#section-29-3">(3)</ref>;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-29-8-e"><num>(e)</num><content>if no person appearing to be in charge of the premises is present when the person executing the warrant is on the premises, must leave the premises as effectively secured against trespassers as that person found them.</content></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-29-9"><num>(9)</num><content>The Secretary of State must arrange for the publication of information on the exercise of the powers in this section at such intervals as seem appropriate.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-30"><num>30</num><heading>Offences of impeding execution of warrant</heading><subsection eId="section-30-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if the person—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-30-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>intentionally obstructs a person in the exercise of the powers in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-30-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with a requirement made of the person in the exercise of those powers, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-30-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in response to such a requirement, makes a statement that is false or misleading in a material respect, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-30-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-30-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-30-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-30-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-30-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if the person—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-30-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>intentionally obstructs a person in the exercise of the powers in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-30-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with a requirement made of the person in the exercise of those powers, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-30-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in response to such a requirement, makes a statement that is false or misleading in a material respect, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-30-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-30-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-30-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-30-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-31"><num>31</num><heading>Seizure of items</heading><subsection eId="section-31-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies where a person exercises the power of seizure and removal in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref><ref href="#section-29-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-29-1-d">(d)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-31-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The person must, on request by any person appearing to be in charge of the premises—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-31-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>give a receipt for the thing seized, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-31-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a document readily capable of being copied, give a copy of it.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-31-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The thing seized may be retained in the possession of the Secretary of State for so long as the Secretary of State considers necessary for any of the investigative purposes (irrespective of the purpose for which it was initially obtained).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-31-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For any such purpose, a person acting on behalf of the Secretary of State may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-31-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>examine the thing seized (using reasonable force if necessary), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-31-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any information obtained from the thing seized.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-31-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about how the thing seized is to be dealt with.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-31-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-31-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>authorise the retention or use of the thing seized for purposes other than the investigatory purposes;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-31-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>authorise the delivery of the thing seized to a person other than its owner;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-31-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>authorise the destruction of the thing seized.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-31-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies where a person exercises the power of seizure and removal in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref><ref href="#section-29-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-29-1-d">(d)</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-31-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The person must, on request by any person appearing to be in charge of the premises—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-31-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>give a receipt for the thing seized, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-31-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a document readily capable of being copied, give a copy of it.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-31-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The thing seized may be retained in the possession of the Secretary of State for so long as the Secretary of State considers necessary for any of the investigative purposes (irrespective of the purpose for which it was initially obtained).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-31-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For any such purpose, a person acting on behalf of the Secretary of State may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-31-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>examine the thing seized (using reasonable force if necessary), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-31-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any information obtained from the thing seized.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-31-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about how the thing seized is to be dealt with.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-31-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-31-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>authorise the retention or use of the thing seized for purposes other than the investigatory purposes;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-31-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>authorise the delivery of the thing seized to a person other than its owner;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-31-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>authorise the destruction of the thing seized.</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-32"><num>32</num><heading>Return of warrant</heading><subsection eId="section-32-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If a warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref> is executed, the person who executed it must return it to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement summarising the exercise of the powers in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-32-2"><num>(2)</num><content>If a warrant under section <ref href="#section-28">28</ref> is not executed, the Secretary of State must return it to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement stating that it was not executed.</content></subsection></section>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-33"><num>33</num><heading>Use of information obtained</heading><subsection eId="section-33-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-22-2">(2)</ref> to <ref href="#section-22-4">(4)</ref> of section <ref href="#section-22">22</ref> (use of information for the investigative purposes) apply to information obtained as a result of the exercise of a power in section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref> or <ref href="#section-31">31</ref> as they apply to information obtained as a result of the exercise of a power in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref> or <ref href="#section-18">18</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-33-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-22-6">(6)</ref> and <ref href="#section-22-7">(7)</ref> of section <ref href="#section-22">22</ref> (admissibility of information in criminal proceedings) apply to a statement made by a person in response to a requirement under section <ref href="#section-29">29</ref><ref href="#section-29-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-29-1-f">(f)</ref> as they apply to a statement made by a person in response to a notice under section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref> or <ref href="#section-18">18</ref>.</content></subsection></section>

<chapter xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="part-1-chapter-5"><num>Chapter 5</num><heading>Civil sanctions against regulated bodies</heading><section eId="section-34"><num>34</num><heading>Compliance notices</heading><subsection eId="section-34-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue a compliance notice to a regulated body if satisfied that a regulatory requirement is not, or has not been, met by the body.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue a compliance notice to an authorised self-driving entity if satisfied that an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the entity was responsible for it.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-34-2">(2)</ref> does not apply if it appears to the Secretary of State that the commission of the traffic infraction was wholly caused by a failure of a licensed no-user-in-charge operator to comply with a requirement under operator licensing regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A compliance notice is a notice requiring the person to whom it is issued to take such actions within subsection <ref href="#section-34-5">(5)</ref> as are specified in the notice.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The actions that may be specified are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-34-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of a notice under subsection <ref href="#section-34-1">(1)</ref>, actions that the Secretary of State considers appropriate in order to secure, or make it more likely, that the regulated body complies with the regulatory requirement in the future;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-34-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a notice under subsection <ref href="#section-34-2">(2)</ref>, actions that the Secretary of State considers appropriate in order to avoid, or make less likely, the future commission of similar traffic infractions by authorised automated vehicles for which the authorised self-driving entity is responsible.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The actions may be specified by referring (with or without further particulars) to the actions necessary to achieve a result described in the notice.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A compliance notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-34-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-34-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, or period during which, the specified actions must be taken.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-8"><num>(8)</num><content>The reference in subsection <ref href="#section-34-4">(4)</ref> to taking action includes refraining from taking action; and “actions” in this section is to be read accordingly.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-35"><num>35</num><heading>Redress notices</heading><subsection eId="section-35-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may issue a redress notice to a regulated body if satisfied that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-35-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a regulatory requirement is not, or has not been, met by the body, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-35-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>as a result, users of roads in Great Britain have suffered loss, damage, inconvenience or annoyance.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may issue a redress notice to an authorised self-driving entity if satisfied that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-35-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the entity was responsible for it, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-35-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>as a result, users of roads in Great Britain have suffered loss, damage, inconvenience or annoyance.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-35-2">(2)</ref> does not apply if it appears to the Secretary of State that the commission of the traffic infraction was wholly caused by a failure of a licensed no-user-in-charge operator to comply with a requirement under operator licensing regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A redress notice is a notice requiring the person to whom it is issued to take such actions within subsection <ref href="#section-35-5">(5)</ref> as are specified in the notice.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The actions that may be specified are actions that the Secretary of State considers appropriate in order to rectify, mitigate, or compensate for (whether directly or indirectly) the loss, damage, inconvenience or annoyance that has been suffered.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>A redress notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-35-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-35-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, or period during which, the specified actions must be taken.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-7"><num>(7)</num><content>If a redress notice requires a regulated body to pay a sum of money to another person, the sum may be recovered by that person as a civil debt.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-8"><num>(8)</num><content>The reference in subsection <ref href="#section-35-4">(4)</ref> to taking action includes refraining from taking action; and “actions” in this section is to be read accordingly.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-9"><num>(9)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-users-of-roads" eId="term-users-of-roads">users of roads</term>” includes persons exercising statutory functions in relation to roads.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-36"><num>36</num><heading>Monetary penalties</heading><subsection eId="section-36-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may issue a monetary penalty notice to a regulated body if satisfied that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a regulatory requirement is not, or has not been, met by the body, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the body has failed to comply with—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>an information notice,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an interview notice,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>a compliance notice, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-iv"><num>(iv)</num><content>a redress notice.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue a monetary penalty notice to an authorised self-driving entity if satisfied that an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the entity was responsible for it.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-36-2">(2)</ref> does not apply if it appears to the Secretary of State that the commission of the traffic infraction was wholly caused by a failure of a licensed no-user-in-charge operator to comply with a requirement under operator licensing regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A monetary penalty notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to pay a monetary penalty, of a sum specified in the notice, to the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-36-6">(6)</ref> applies in relation to a monetary penalty notice issued under subsection <ref href="#section-36-1">(1)</ref> if it appears to the Secretary of State that the failure to which the notice relates is or may be a continuing one.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The monetary penalty notice may provide for a sum specified in the notice to be added to the penalty for each day in the period—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>beginning with the day after the day on which the notice is issued, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-6-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>ending with—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-36-6-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the day on which the failure is brought to an end, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-6-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>such earlier day as is specified in the notice.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A monetary penalty notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the penalty must be paid.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>If a monetary penalty is not paid in time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the penalty (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the Secretary of State may recover the penalty (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must, by regulations, provide for the determination of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a maximum sum that may be specified under subsection <ref href="#section-36-4">(4)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-9-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a maximum sum that may be specified under subsection <ref href="#section-36-6">(6)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-10"><num>(10)</num><intro>Those regulations may determine the sum by reference to the turnover of the regulated body or other entities or undertakings that are connected with the regulated body in a manner specified in the regulations; and if they do so they may also make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-10-a"><num>(a)</num><content>what counts as “turnover”;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-10-b"><num>(b)</num><content>how turnover is to be calculated or assessed.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-11"><num>(11)</num><content>A regulated body is not, in respect of the same conduct or omission, liable both to conviction of an offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> or <ref href="#section-25">25</ref> and to a monetary penalty under this section (so the occurrence of one, unless overturned or cancelled, means that the other can no longer take place).</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-37"><num>37</num><heading>Supplementary provision</heading><subsection eId="section-37-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A single noticed issued under this Chapter may relate to more than one occurrence by virtue of which the power to issue the notice arises (or is said to arise).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-37-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Where the Secretary of State has issued a notice to a regulated body under this Chapter, the Secretary of State may by further notice issued to that body—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-37-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-37-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>vary it in any way that does not make it more onerous.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-37-3"><num>(3)</num><intro><ref href="#schedule-1-part-2">Part 2</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-1">Schedule 1</ref> makes provision—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-37-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>about the procedure applicable in connection with compliance notices, redress notices and monetary penalty notices (including the recovery of costs and rights of appeal), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-37-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>for the assignment of functions under this Chapter to traffic commissioners.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-37-4"><num>(4)</num><content>For the purposes of this Chapter, a person who has ceased to be a regulated body is to be treated, in relation to anything that occurred when the person was a regulated body, as if the person were still a regulated body.</content></subsection></section></chapter>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-34"><num>34</num><heading>Compliance notices</heading><subsection eId="section-34-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue a compliance notice to a regulated body if satisfied that a regulatory requirement is not, or has not been, met by the body.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue a compliance notice to an authorised self-driving entity if satisfied that an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the entity was responsible for it.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-34-2">(2)</ref> does not apply if it appears to the Secretary of State that the commission of the traffic infraction was wholly caused by a failure of a licensed no-user-in-charge operator to comply with a requirement under operator licensing regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A compliance notice is a notice requiring the person to whom it is issued to take such actions within subsection <ref href="#section-34-5">(5)</ref> as are specified in the notice.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The actions that may be specified are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-34-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of a notice under subsection <ref href="#section-34-1">(1)</ref>, actions that the Secretary of State considers appropriate in order to secure, or make it more likely, that the regulated body complies with the regulatory requirement in the future;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-34-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a notice under subsection <ref href="#section-34-2">(2)</ref>, actions that the Secretary of State considers appropriate in order to avoid, or make less likely, the future commission of similar traffic infractions by authorised automated vehicles for which the authorised self-driving entity is responsible.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The actions may be specified by referring (with or without further particulars) to the actions necessary to achieve a result described in the notice.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A compliance notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-34-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-34-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, or period during which, the specified actions must be taken.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-34-8"><num>(8)</num><content>The reference in subsection <ref href="#section-34-4">(4)</ref> to taking action includes refraining from taking action; and “actions” in this section is to be read accordingly.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-34-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue a compliance notice to a regulated body if satisfied that a regulatory requirement is not, or has not been, met by the body.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-34-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue a compliance notice to an authorised self-driving entity if satisfied that an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the entity was responsible for it.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-34-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-34-2">(2)</ref> does not apply if it appears to the Secretary of State that the commission of the traffic infraction was wholly caused by a failure of a licensed no-user-in-charge operator to comply with a requirement under operator licensing regulations.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-34-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A compliance notice is a notice requiring the person to whom it is issued to take such actions within subsection <ref href="#section-34-5">(5)</ref> as are specified in the notice.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-34-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The actions that may be specified are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-34-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of a notice under subsection <ref href="#section-34-1">(1)</ref>, actions that the Secretary of State considers appropriate in order to secure, or make it more likely, that the regulated body complies with the regulatory requirement in the future;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-34-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a notice under subsection <ref href="#section-34-2">(2)</ref>, actions that the Secretary of State considers appropriate in order to avoid, or make less likely, the future commission of similar traffic infractions by authorised automated vehicles for which the authorised self-driving entity is responsible.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-34-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The actions may be specified by referring (with or without further particulars) to the actions necessary to achieve a result described in the notice.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-34-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A compliance notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-34-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-34-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, or period during which, the specified actions must be taken.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-34-8"><num>(8)</num><content>The reference in subsection <ref href="#section-34-4">(4)</ref> to taking action includes refraining from taking action; and “actions” in this section is to be read accordingly.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-35"><num>35</num><heading>Redress notices</heading><subsection eId="section-35-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may issue a redress notice to a regulated body if satisfied that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-35-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a regulatory requirement is not, or has not been, met by the body, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-35-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>as a result, users of roads in Great Britain have suffered loss, damage, inconvenience or annoyance.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may issue a redress notice to an authorised self-driving entity if satisfied that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-35-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the entity was responsible for it, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-35-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>as a result, users of roads in Great Britain have suffered loss, damage, inconvenience or annoyance.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-35-2">(2)</ref> does not apply if it appears to the Secretary of State that the commission of the traffic infraction was wholly caused by a failure of a licensed no-user-in-charge operator to comply with a requirement under operator licensing regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A redress notice is a notice requiring the person to whom it is issued to take such actions within subsection <ref href="#section-35-5">(5)</ref> as are specified in the notice.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The actions that may be specified are actions that the Secretary of State considers appropriate in order to rectify, mitigate, or compensate for (whether directly or indirectly) the loss, damage, inconvenience or annoyance that has been suffered.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>A redress notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-35-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-35-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, or period during which, the specified actions must be taken.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-7"><num>(7)</num><content>If a redress notice requires a regulated body to pay a sum of money to another person, the sum may be recovered by that person as a civil debt.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-8"><num>(8)</num><content>The reference in subsection <ref href="#section-35-4">(4)</ref> to taking action includes refraining from taking action; and “actions” in this section is to be read accordingly.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-35-9"><num>(9)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-users-of-roads" eId="term-users-of-roads">users of roads</term>” includes persons exercising statutory functions in relation to roads.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-35-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may issue a redress notice to a regulated body if satisfied that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-35-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a regulatory requirement is not, or has not been, met by the body, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-35-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>as a result, users of roads in Great Britain have suffered loss, damage, inconvenience or annoyance.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-35-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may issue a redress notice to an authorised self-driving entity if satisfied that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-35-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the entity was responsible for it, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-35-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>as a result, users of roads in Great Britain have suffered loss, damage, inconvenience or annoyance.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-35-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-35-2">(2)</ref> does not apply if it appears to the Secretary of State that the commission of the traffic infraction was wholly caused by a failure of a licensed no-user-in-charge operator to comply with a requirement under operator licensing regulations.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-35-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A redress notice is a notice requiring the person to whom it is issued to take such actions within subsection <ref href="#section-35-5">(5)</ref> as are specified in the notice.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-35-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The actions that may be specified are actions that the Secretary of State considers appropriate in order to rectify, mitigate, or compensate for (whether directly or indirectly) the loss, damage, inconvenience or annoyance that has been suffered.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-35-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>A redress notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-35-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-35-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, or period during which, the specified actions must be taken.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-35-7"><num>(7)</num><content>If a redress notice requires a regulated body to pay a sum of money to another person, the sum may be recovered by that person as a civil debt.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-35-8"><num>(8)</num><content>The reference in subsection <ref href="#section-35-4">(4)</ref> to taking action includes refraining from taking action; and “actions” in this section is to be read accordingly.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-35-9"><num>(9)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-users-of-roads" eId="term-users-of-roads">users of roads</term>” includes persons exercising statutory functions in relation to roads.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-36"><num>36</num><heading>Monetary penalties</heading><subsection eId="section-36-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may issue a monetary penalty notice to a regulated body if satisfied that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a regulatory requirement is not, or has not been, met by the body, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the body has failed to comply with—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>an information notice,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an interview notice,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>a compliance notice, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-iv"><num>(iv)</num><content>a redress notice.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue a monetary penalty notice to an authorised self-driving entity if satisfied that an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the entity was responsible for it.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-36-2">(2)</ref> does not apply if it appears to the Secretary of State that the commission of the traffic infraction was wholly caused by a failure of a licensed no-user-in-charge operator to comply with a requirement under operator licensing regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A monetary penalty notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to pay a monetary penalty, of a sum specified in the notice, to the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-36-6">(6)</ref> applies in relation to a monetary penalty notice issued under subsection <ref href="#section-36-1">(1)</ref> if it appears to the Secretary of State that the failure to which the notice relates is or may be a continuing one.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The monetary penalty notice may provide for a sum specified in the notice to be added to the penalty for each day in the period—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>beginning with the day after the day on which the notice is issued, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-6-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>ending with—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-36-6-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the day on which the failure is brought to an end, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-6-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>such earlier day as is specified in the notice.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A monetary penalty notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the penalty must be paid.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>If a monetary penalty is not paid in time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the penalty (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the Secretary of State may recover the penalty (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must, by regulations, provide for the determination of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a maximum sum that may be specified under subsection <ref href="#section-36-4">(4)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-9-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a maximum sum that may be specified under subsection <ref href="#section-36-6">(6)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-10"><num>(10)</num><intro>Those regulations may determine the sum by reference to the turnover of the regulated body or other entities or undertakings that are connected with the regulated body in a manner specified in the regulations; and if they do so they may also make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-10-a"><num>(a)</num><content>what counts as “turnover”;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-10-b"><num>(b)</num><content>how turnover is to be calculated or assessed.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-36-11"><num>(11)</num><content>A regulated body is not, in respect of the same conduct or omission, liable both to conviction of an offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> or <ref href="#section-25">25</ref> and to a monetary penalty under this section (so the occurrence of one, unless overturned or cancelled, means that the other can no longer take place).</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-36-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may issue a monetary penalty notice to a regulated body if satisfied that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a regulatory requirement is not, or has not been, met by the body, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the body has failed to comply with—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>an information notice,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an interview notice,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>a compliance notice, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-iv"><num>(iv)</num><content>a redress notice.</content></level></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-36-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a regulatory requirement is not, or has not been, met by the body, or</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-36-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the body has failed to comply with—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>an information notice,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an interview notice,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>a compliance notice, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-1-b-iv"><num>(iv)</num><content>a redress notice.</content></level></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-36-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may issue a monetary penalty notice to an authorised self-driving entity if satisfied that an authorised automated vehicle has committed a traffic infraction while the entity was responsible for it.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-36-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-36-2">(2)</ref> does not apply if it appears to the Secretary of State that the commission of the traffic infraction was wholly caused by a failure of a licensed no-user-in-charge operator to comply with a requirement under operator licensing regulations.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-36-4"><num>(4)</num><content>A monetary penalty notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to pay a monetary penalty, of a sum specified in the notice, to the Secretary of State.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-36-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Subsection <ref href="#section-36-6">(6)</ref> applies in relation to a monetary penalty notice issued under subsection <ref href="#section-36-1">(1)</ref> if it appears to the Secretary of State that the failure to which the notice relates is or may be a continuing one.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-36-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The monetary penalty notice may provide for a sum specified in the notice to be added to the penalty for each day in the period—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>beginning with the day after the day on which the notice is issued, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-6-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>ending with—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-36-6-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the day on which the failure is brought to an end, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-36-6-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>such earlier day as is specified in the notice.</content></level></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-36-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A monetary penalty notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the penalty must be paid.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-36-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>If a monetary penalty is not paid in time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the penalty (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the Secretary of State may recover the penalty (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-36-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must, by regulations, provide for the determination of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a maximum sum that may be specified under subsection <ref href="#section-36-4">(4)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-9-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a maximum sum that may be specified under subsection <ref href="#section-36-6">(6)</ref>.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-36-10"><num>(10)</num><intro>Those regulations may determine the sum by reference to the turnover of the regulated body or other entities or undertakings that are connected with the regulated body in a manner specified in the regulations; and if they do so they may also make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-36-10-a"><num>(a)</num><content>what counts as “turnover”;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-36-10-b"><num>(b)</num><content>how turnover is to be calculated or assessed.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-36-11"><num>(11)</num><content>A regulated body is not, in respect of the same conduct or omission, liable both to conviction of an offence under section <ref href="#section-24">24</ref> or <ref href="#section-25">25</ref> and to a monetary penalty under this section (so the occurrence of one, unless overturned or cancelled, means that the other can no longer take place).</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-37"><num>37</num><heading>Supplementary provision</heading><subsection eId="section-37-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A single noticed issued under this Chapter may relate to more than one occurrence by virtue of which the power to issue the notice arises (or is said to arise).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-37-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Where the Secretary of State has issued a notice to a regulated body under this Chapter, the Secretary of State may by further notice issued to that body—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-37-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-37-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>vary it in any way that does not make it more onerous.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-37-3"><num>(3)</num><intro><ref href="#schedule-1-part-2">Part 2</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-1">Schedule 1</ref> makes provision—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-37-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>about the procedure applicable in connection with compliance notices, redress notices and monetary penalty notices (including the recovery of costs and rights of appeal), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-37-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>for the assignment of functions under this Chapter to traffic commissioners.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-37-4"><num>(4)</num><content>For the purposes of this Chapter, a person who has ceased to be a regulated body is to be treated, in relation to anything that occurred when the person was a regulated body, as if the person were still a regulated body.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-37-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A single noticed issued under this Chapter may relate to more than one occurrence by virtue of which the power to issue the notice arises (or is said to arise).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-37-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Where the Secretary of State has issued a notice to a regulated body under this Chapter, the Secretary of State may by further notice issued to that body—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-37-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-37-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>vary it in any way that does not make it more onerous.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-37-3"><num>(3)</num><intro><ref href="#schedule-1-part-2">Part 2</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-1">Schedule 1</ref> makes provision—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-37-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>about the procedure applicable in connection with compliance notices, redress notices and monetary penalty notices (including the recovery of costs and rights of appeal), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-37-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>for the assignment of functions under this Chapter to traffic commissioners.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-37-4"><num>(4)</num><content>For the purposes of this Chapter, a person who has ceased to be a regulated body is to be treated, in relation to anything that occurred when the person was a regulated body, as if the person were still a regulated body.</content></subsection>

<chapter xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="part-1-chapter-6"><num>Chapter 6</num><heading>Other regulatory powers and duties</heading><section eId="section-38"><num>38</num><heading>General monitoring duty</heading><subsection eId="section-38-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must put in place arrangements that the Secretary of State considers effective and proportionate for monitoring and assessing the general performance of authorised automated vehicles on roads and other public places in Great Britain.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-38-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Those arrangements must, in particular, include monitoring and assessing the extent to which that performance is consistent with the statement of safety principles.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-38-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State must, as soon as practicable after the end of each reporting period, publish a report setting out the Secretary of State’s conclusions from the monitoring and assessment undertaken in accordance with this section.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-38-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, each of the following periods is a “reporting period”—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-38-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the period of 12 months beginning with the month in which the first grant of an automated vehicle authorisation takes effect, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-38-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>each subsequent period of 12 months.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-39"><num>39</num><heading>Duty with respect to incidents with potential regulatory consequences</heading><subsection eId="section-39-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must put in place arrangements that the Secretary of State considers effective and proportionate for—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-39-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>identifying the occurrence of relevant incidents,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-39-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>enquiring into the causes of those incidents (including by means of the investigative powers), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-39-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>deciding whether any of the enforcement powers should be exercised in response.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-39-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-relevant-incidents" eId="term-relevant-incidents">relevant incidents</term>” means incidents that—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>occur on a road or other public place,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>involve an authorised automated vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>reveal grounds for enquiring into whether any of the enforcement powers has become exercisable as a result of the incident;</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-investigative-powers" eId="term-the-investigative-powers">the investigative powers</term>” means the powers in sections <ref href="#section-16">16</ref> to <ref href="#section-23">23</ref> and <ref href="#part-1-chapter-4">Chapter 4</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-enforcement-powers" eId="term-the-enforcement-powers">the enforcement powers</term>” means the powers in section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#part-1-chapter-5">Chapter 5</ref>.</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-39-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The investigative powers do not limit what the Secretary of State may do for the purposes of the arrangements put in place under subsection <ref href="#section-39-1">(1)</ref> without relying on powers of coercion.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-40"><num>40</num><heading>Power to require reports from police and local authorities</heading><subsection eId="section-40-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, require an authority within subsection <ref href="#section-40-3">(3)</ref> to report to the Secretary of State incidents which—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-40-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occur in the area of the authority, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>are of a description set out in the regulations.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Such regulations may limit the requirement to cases in which the Secretary of State requests a report.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The authorities within this subsection are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a chief officer of police;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a strategic highways company;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the Scottish Ministers (in their capacity as roads authority or traffic authority);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the Welsh Ministers (in their capacity as highways authority or traffic authority);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>a combined authority (established under section 103 of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009) that exercises functions in relation to highways or road traffic;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-f"><num>(f)</num><content>a county council or county borough council;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-g"><num>(g)</num><content>a district council for an area for which there is no county council;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-h"><num>(h)</num><content>a council constituted under section 2 of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-i"><num>(i)</num><content>Transport for London;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-j"><num>(j)</num><content>a London borough council;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-k"><num>(k)</num><content>the Common Council of the City of London (in its capacity as a local authority);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-l"><num>(l)</num><content>the Council of the Isles of Scilly.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Regulations under this section must be framed with the intention that only relevant incidents, or incidents that may be found to be relevant incidents, will be reported.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-5"><num>(5)</num><content>In subsection <ref href="#section-40-4">(4)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-incidents" eId="term-relevant-incidents">relevant incidents</term>” has the same meaning as in section <ref href="#section-39">39</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-6"><num>(6)</num><content>Regulations under this section require incidents to be reported only so far as the authority in question has obtained information about them in the performance of its functions.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-7"><num>(7)</num><content>Regulations under this section may contain provision about the timing, form and contents of reports.</content></subsection></section></chapter>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-38"><num>38</num><heading>General monitoring duty</heading><subsection eId="section-38-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must put in place arrangements that the Secretary of State considers effective and proportionate for monitoring and assessing the general performance of authorised automated vehicles on roads and other public places in Great Britain.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-38-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Those arrangements must, in particular, include monitoring and assessing the extent to which that performance is consistent with the statement of safety principles.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-38-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State must, as soon as practicable after the end of each reporting period, publish a report setting out the Secretary of State’s conclusions from the monitoring and assessment undertaken in accordance with this section.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-38-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, each of the following periods is a “reporting period”—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-38-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the period of 12 months beginning with the month in which the first grant of an automated vehicle authorisation takes effect, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-38-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>each subsequent period of 12 months.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-38-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must put in place arrangements that the Secretary of State considers effective and proportionate for monitoring and assessing the general performance of authorised automated vehicles on roads and other public places in Great Britain.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-38-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Those arrangements must, in particular, include monitoring and assessing the extent to which that performance is consistent with the statement of safety principles.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-38-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State must, as soon as practicable after the end of each reporting period, publish a report setting out the Secretary of State’s conclusions from the monitoring and assessment undertaken in accordance with this section.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-38-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, each of the following periods is a “reporting period”—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-38-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the period of 12 months beginning with the month in which the first grant of an automated vehicle authorisation takes effect, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-38-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>each subsequent period of 12 months.</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-39"><num>39</num><heading>Duty with respect to incidents with potential regulatory consequences</heading><subsection eId="section-39-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must put in place arrangements that the Secretary of State considers effective and proportionate for—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-39-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>identifying the occurrence of relevant incidents,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-39-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>enquiring into the causes of those incidents (including by means of the investigative powers), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-39-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>deciding whether any of the enforcement powers should be exercised in response.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-39-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-relevant-incidents" eId="term-relevant-incidents">relevant incidents</term>” means incidents that—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>occur on a road or other public place,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>involve an authorised automated vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>reveal grounds for enquiring into whether any of the enforcement powers has become exercisable as a result of the incident;</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-investigative-powers" eId="term-the-investigative-powers">the investigative powers</term>” means the powers in sections <ref href="#section-16">16</ref> to <ref href="#section-23">23</ref> and <ref href="#part-1-chapter-4">Chapter 4</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-enforcement-powers" eId="term-the-enforcement-powers">the enforcement powers</term>” means the powers in section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#part-1-chapter-5">Chapter 5</ref>.</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-39-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The investigative powers do not limit what the Secretary of State may do for the purposes of the arrangements put in place under subsection <ref href="#section-39-1">(1)</ref> without relying on powers of coercion.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-39-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must put in place arrangements that the Secretary of State considers effective and proportionate for—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-39-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>identifying the occurrence of relevant incidents,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-39-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>enquiring into the causes of those incidents (including by means of the investigative powers), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-39-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>deciding whether any of the enforcement powers should be exercised in response.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-39-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-relevant-incidents" eId="term-relevant-incidents">relevant incidents</term>” means incidents that—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>occur on a road or other public place,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>involve an authorised automated vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>reveal grounds for enquiring into whether any of the enforcement powers has become exercisable as a result of the incident;</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-investigative-powers" eId="term-the-investigative-powers">the investigative powers</term>” means the powers in sections <ref href="#section-16">16</ref> to <ref href="#section-23">23</ref> and <ref href="#part-1-chapter-4">Chapter 4</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-enforcement-powers" eId="term-the-enforcement-powers">the enforcement powers</term>” means the powers in section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#part-1-chapter-5">Chapter 5</ref>.</content></hcontainer></subsection>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-self-driving-entity" eId="term-authorised-self-driving-entity">authorised self-driving entity</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>occur on a road or other public place,</content></level>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-varied" eId="term-varied">varied</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-variation" eId="term-variation">variation</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-1">(1)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>).</content></hcontainer>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If the Secretary of State considers that the need to suspend an automated vehicle authorisation under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> is too urgent for the procedure in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> to be followed, that paragraph does not apply and sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2-3">(3)</ref> apply instead.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in, or in a document issued together with, the notice by which the suspension takes effect—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for suspending the authorisation, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made, and</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>as soon as reasonably practicable after suspending the authorisation—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>consider any representations made by the authorised self-driving entity in response to (and in accordance with) that notice, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>decide whether to lift the suspension.</content></level></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If, having complied with sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-2">(2)</ref>, the Secretary of State decides not to lift the suspension, the Secretary of State must issue to the authorised self-driving entity a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the Secretary of State’s decision, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explains the Secretary of State’s reasons for the decision.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The preceding sub-paragraphs apply in relation to temporary variation as they apply in relation to suspension; and for that purpose the references to lifting the suspension are to be read as references to reversing the variation.</content></subparagraph></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><intro>In paragraph 12(aj) of Schedule 2 to the Armed Forces Act 2006 (road traffic offences in respect of which service police must be notified of possible corresponding service offence)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>for “or 22A” substitute <quotedText>“, <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref>, 22A or <ref href="#d25e5887">22B</ref>”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>after “drugs,” insert <quotedText>“causing death, or serious injury, by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state,”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content><mod>after “road-users” insert <quotedText>“, causing danger to road-users resulting in death or serious injury”</quotedText>.</mod></content></level></paragraph>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-franchising-authority" eId="term-franchising-authority">franchising authority</term>” has the same meaning as in Part 2 of the Transport Act 2000 (see section 123A(4) of that Act);</content></hcontainer>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Schedule 3 to the Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003 (offences in respect of which notice of driving disqualification must be given to Republic of Ireland) is amended as follows.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3-2"><num>(2)</num><content><mod>In paragraph 3, after sub-paragraph (d) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="double"><level class="para1"><num>(da)</num><content>section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref> (use of automated vehicle in dangerous state),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(db)</num><content>section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref> (causing death, or serious injury, by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state),</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3-3"><num>(3)</num><content><mod>After paragraph 4 insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="double"><paragraph class="schProv1"><num>4A</num><content>An offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref> or <ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref> of the Road Traffic Act 1988 (use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight, or causing death or serious injury by such use).</content></paragraph></quotedStructure></mod></content></subparagraph></paragraph>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-transition-demand" eId="term-transition-demand">transition demand</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-transition-period" eId="term-transition-period">transition period</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>).</content></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator" eId="term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator">licensed no-user-in-charge operator</term>” means a person for the time being licensed under operator licensing regulations;</content></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-control" eId="term-control">control</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-controlling" eId="term-controlling">controlling</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-6">(6)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7"><heading>Civil injunctions</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This paragraph applies if the Secretary of State considers that a person has committed, or is likely to commit, an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may bring proceedings for an injunction (and in those proceedings may apply for an interim injunction) against any person appearing to the Secretary of State to be concerned, or likely to be concerned, with the offence.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In proceedings under this paragraph, the court may grant an injunction (or interim injunction) on such terms as it thinks fit to secure against offending under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Before granting an injunction, the court must have regard to all the interests involved and, in particular, the public interest.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The power in sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-4-6">(6)</ref> is exercisable if the court—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>finds that a person against whom proceedings under this section are brought has committed an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>grants an injunction (other than an interim injunction) against the person,</content></level><wrapUp>and is so exercisable for the purpose of eliminating any continuing effect of the communication that gave rise to the offence.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The court may require the person to publish, in such form and manner and to such extent as the court thinks appropriate—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the injunction, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a corrective statement.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The court may grant an injunction under this paragraph even where there is no evidence of proof of actual loss or damage or of intention or negligence on the part of the person against whom the proceedings are brought.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must publish details of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>any proceedings brought under this paragraph, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any order made, or undertaking accepted, by the court in the course of those proceedings.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>In this paragraph—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-the-court" eId="term-the-court">the court</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the county court or the High Court, in England and Wales, or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>a sheriff or the Court of Session, in Scotland;</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-injunction" eId="term-injunction">injunction</term>” is to be read, in the application of this paragraph in Scotland, as “interdict”.</content></hcontainer></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content>It is the duty of the Secretary of State to enforce sections <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> and <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.(See Part 3 of Schedule 5 to the Consumer Rights Act 2015 for investigatory powers in connection with that duty.)</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-1-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-1-1">(1)</ref> does not authorise the Secretary of State to bring criminal proceedings in Scotland.</content></subparagraph></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This paragraph applies if the Secretary of State considers that a person has committed, or is likely to commit, an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may bring proceedings for an injunction (and in those proceedings may apply for an interim injunction) against any person appearing to the Secretary of State to be concerned, or likely to be concerned, with the offence.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In proceedings under this paragraph, the court may grant an injunction (or interim injunction) on such terms as it thinks fit to secure against offending under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Before granting an injunction, the court must have regard to all the interests involved and, in particular, the public interest.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The power in sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-4-6">(6)</ref> is exercisable if the court—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>finds that a person against whom proceedings under this section are brought has committed an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>grants an injunction (other than an interim injunction) against the person,</content></level><wrapUp>and is so exercisable for the purpose of eliminating any continuing effect of the communication that gave rise to the offence.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The court may require the person to publish, in such form and manner and to such extent as the court thinks appropriate—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the injunction, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a corrective statement.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The court may grant an injunction under this paragraph even where there is no evidence of proof of actual loss or damage or of intention or negligence on the part of the person against whom the proceedings are brought.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must publish details of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>any proceedings brought under this paragraph, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any order made, or undertaking accepted, by the court in the course of those proceedings.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>In this paragraph—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-the-court" eId="term-the-court">the court</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the county court or the High Court, in England and Wales, or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>a sheriff or the Court of Session, in Scotland;</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-injunction" eId="term-injunction">injunction</term>” is to be read, in the application of this paragraph in Scotland, as “interdict”.</content></hcontainer></subparagraph></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The appropriate national authority may issue a monetary penalty notice to a permit holder if satisfied that the permit holder has—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>committed an infringement of the permit scheme, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>failed to comply with a compliance notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A monetary penalty notice is a notice requiring the permit holder to pay a monetary penalty, of a sum specified in the notice, to the appropriate national authority.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-4">(4)</ref> applies in relation to a monetary penalty notice if it appears to the appropriate national authority that the failure to which the notice relates is or may be a continuing one.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The monetary penalty notice may provide for a sum specified in the notice to be added to the penalty for each day in the period—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>beginning with the day after the day on which the notice is issued, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>ending with—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the day on which the failure is brought to an end, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>such earlier day as is specified in the notice.</content></level></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A monetary penalty notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the appropriate national authority’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the penalty must be paid.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>If a monetary penalty is not paid on time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the penalty (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the appropriate national authority may recover the penalty (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>The appropriate national authority must, by regulations, provide for the determination of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a maximum sum that may be specified under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-2">(2)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a maximum sum that may be specified under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-4">(4)</ref>.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>Those regulations may determine the sum by reference to the turnover of the permit holder or any entities or undertakings that are connected with the permit holder in a manner specified in the regulations; and if they do so they may also make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>what counts as “turnover”;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>how turnover is to be calculated or assessed.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-5" class="schProv1"><num>5</num><intro>Where the appropriate national authority has issued a compliance notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice to a permit holder, the appropriate national authority may by further notice issued to the permit holder—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>vary it in any way that does not make it more onerous.</content></level></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5" class="schProv1"><num>5</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Before issuing a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice (“the principal notice”) to a regulated body, the Secretary of State must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>issue to the body a notice of intent, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>consider any representations made by the body in response to (and in accordance with) that notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A notice of intent is a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the Secretary of State’s intention to issue the principal notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>sets out the intended terms of that notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>explains the Secretary of State’s reasons for intending to issue that notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>specifies the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A notice of intent may also—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>state the Secretary of State’s intention to issue a costs notice in connection with the principal notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>give a general indication of the nature of the costs that the Secretary of State is likely to seek to recover by way of the costs notice.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8" class="schProv1"><num>8</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, provide for the powers of the Secretary of State under section <ref href="#section-34">34</ref>, <ref href="#section-35">35</ref> or <ref href="#section-36">36</ref> or paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-6">6</ref> to be exercisable by a traffic commissioner instead of, or in addition to, the Secretary of State.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-2"><num>(2)</num><content>In relation to the exercise of power by a traffic commissioner further to such regulations, references in this Part of this Act (other than section <ref href="#section-43">43</ref><ref href="#section-43-1">(1)</ref>) to the Secretary of State are to be read as including a traffic commissioner.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, provide for a procedure whereby a compliance notice, redress notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice issued by the Secretary of State may be reviewed by a traffic commissioner on application by the person against whom it is issued.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-4"><num>(4)</num><content>In a case in which such regulations have effect, the right of appeal conferred by paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7">7</ref> does not arise until the exhaustion of the review procedure.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Money received by a traffic commissioner as a result of regulations under this paragraph must be paid into the Consolidated Fund in such manner as the Treasury may direct.</content></subparagraph></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><content><mod>In section 14(1B) of the Limitation Act 1980 (date of knowledge for purposes of limitation periods to do with automated vehicles), before “<term refersTo="#term-automated" eId="term-automated">automated</term>” (in both places it occurs) insert <quotedText>“authorised”</quotedText>.</mod></content></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><content><mod>In paragraph 10 of Schedule 5 to the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (enforcement responsibilities attracting investigatory powers under that Schedule), at the appropriate place insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="double"><blockList class="unordered none" ukl:Name="UnorderedList" ukl:Decoration="none"><item>paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-1">1</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-5">Schedule 5</ref> to the Automated Vehicles Act 2024;</item></blockList></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5" class="schProv1"><num>5</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>No proceedings for an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref> may be commenced after the earlier of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the end of the period of 3 years beginning with the date of the commission of the offence, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the end of the period of 12 months beginning with the date of the discovery of the offence by the prosecutor.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>For the purposes of sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-5-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-5-1-b">(b)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a certificate signed by or on behalf of the prosecutor and stating the date on which the offence was discovered by the prosecutor is conclusive evidence of that fact, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a certificate stating that matter and purporting to be so signed shall be treated as so signed unless the contrary is proved.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-39-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The investigative powers do not limit what the Secretary of State may do for the purposes of the arrangements put in place under subsection <ref href="#section-39-1">(1)</ref> without relying on powers of coercion.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-40"><num>40</num><heading>Power to require reports from police and local authorities</heading><subsection eId="section-40-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, require an authority within subsection <ref href="#section-40-3">(3)</ref> to report to the Secretary of State incidents which—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-40-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occur in the area of the authority, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>are of a description set out in the regulations.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Such regulations may limit the requirement to cases in which the Secretary of State requests a report.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The authorities within this subsection are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a chief officer of police;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a strategic highways company;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the Scottish Ministers (in their capacity as roads authority or traffic authority);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the Welsh Ministers (in their capacity as highways authority or traffic authority);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>a combined authority (established under section 103 of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009) that exercises functions in relation to highways or road traffic;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-f"><num>(f)</num><content>a county council or county borough council;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-g"><num>(g)</num><content>a district council for an area for which there is no county council;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-h"><num>(h)</num><content>a council constituted under section 2 of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-i"><num>(i)</num><content>Transport for London;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-j"><num>(j)</num><content>a London borough council;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-k"><num>(k)</num><content>the Common Council of the City of London (in its capacity as a local authority);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-l"><num>(l)</num><content>the Council of the Isles of Scilly.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Regulations under this section must be framed with the intention that only relevant incidents, or incidents that may be found to be relevant incidents, will be reported.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-5"><num>(5)</num><content>In subsection <ref href="#section-40-4">(4)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-incidents" eId="term-relevant-incidents">relevant incidents</term>” has the same meaning as in section <ref href="#section-39">39</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-6"><num>(6)</num><content>Regulations under this section require incidents to be reported only so far as the authority in question has obtained information about them in the performance of its functions.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-40-7"><num>(7)</num><content>Regulations under this section may contain provision about the timing, form and contents of reports.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-40-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, require an authority within subsection <ref href="#section-40-3">(3)</ref> to report to the Secretary of State incidents which—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-40-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occur in the area of the authority, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>are of a description set out in the regulations.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-40-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Such regulations may limit the requirement to cases in which the Secretary of State requests a report.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-40-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The authorities within this subsection are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a chief officer of police;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a strategic highways company;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the Scottish Ministers (in their capacity as roads authority or traffic authority);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the Welsh Ministers (in their capacity as highways authority or traffic authority);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>a combined authority (established under section 103 of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009) that exercises functions in relation to highways or road traffic;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-f"><num>(f)</num><content>a county council or county borough council;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-g"><num>(g)</num><content>a district council for an area for which there is no county council;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-h"><num>(h)</num><content>a council constituted under section 2 of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-i"><num>(i)</num><content>Transport for London;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-j"><num>(j)</num><content>a London borough council;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-k"><num>(k)</num><content>the Common Council of the City of London (in its capacity as a local authority);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-40-3-l"><num>(l)</num><content>the Council of the Isles of Scilly.</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-40-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a chief officer of police;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-40-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a strategic highways company;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-40-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the Scottish Ministers (in their capacity as roads authority or traffic authority);</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-40-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the Welsh Ministers (in their capacity as highways authority or traffic authority);</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-40-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>a combined authority (established under section 103 of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009) that exercises functions in relation to highways or road traffic;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-40-3-f"><num>(f)</num><content>a county council or county borough council;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-40-3-g"><num>(g)</num><content>a district council for an area for which there is no county council;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-40-3-h"><num>(h)</num><content>a council constituted under section 2 of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-40-3-i"><num>(i)</num><content>Transport for London;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-40-3-j"><num>(j)</num><content>a London borough council;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-40-3-k"><num>(k)</num><content>the Common Council of the City of London (in its capacity as a local authority);</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-40-3-l"><num>(l)</num><content>the Council of the Isles of Scilly.</content></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-40-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Regulations under this section must be framed with the intention that only relevant incidents, or incidents that may be found to be relevant incidents, will be reported.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-40-5"><num>(5)</num><content>In subsection <ref href="#section-40-4">(4)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-incidents" eId="term-relevant-incidents">relevant incidents</term>” has the same meaning as in section <ref href="#section-39">39</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-40-6"><num>(6)</num><content>Regulations under this section require incidents to be reported only so far as the authority in question has obtained information about them in the performance of its functions.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-40-7"><num>(7)</num><content>Regulations under this section may contain provision about the timing, form and contents of reports.</content></subsection>

<chapter xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="part-1-chapter-7"><num>Chapter 7</num><heading>Supplementary provision</heading><section eId="section-41"><num>41</num><heading>Notices</heading><subsection eId="section-41-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to secure that the Secretary of State has available at all times—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-41-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a postal address, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-41-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an electronic address,</content></level><wrapUp>which can be used to issue notices under this Part to an authorised self-driving entity.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-41-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>If the Secretary of State makes operator licensing regulations, the regulations must include provision designed to secure that the Secretary of State has available at all times—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-41-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a postal address, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-41-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an electronic address,</content></level><wrapUp>which can be used to issue notices under this Part to a licensed no-user-in-charge operator.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-41-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A notice issued under this Part to a regulated body is to be taken for the purposes of this Part to be issued at—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-41-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the time at which it is received by the regulated body, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-41-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>if earlier, the time at which it would in the ordinary course of events be received by the regulated body (taking account of the means by which it is issued).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-41-4"><num>(4)</num><content>It is to be assumed for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-41-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-41-3-b">(b)</ref> that the regulated body will receive a notice sent to an address made available to the Secretary of State further to authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations or the sort described in subsection <ref href="#section-41-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-41-2">(2)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-41-5"><num>(5)</num><content>For the purposes of subsections <ref href="#section-41-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#section-41-4">(4)</ref>, a regulated body “receives” a notice when it would first be possible for an individual acting on behalf of the body to view the notice.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-41-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-electronic-address" eId="term-electronic-address">electronic address</term>” includes any form of information that enables a written electronic communication to be directed to a particular recipient.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-42"><num>42</num><heading>Protection of information</heading><subsection eId="section-42-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>This section applies in relation to information that a person obtains—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>further to authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-14">14</ref><ref href="#section-14-1">(1)</ref> and <ref href="#section-14-2">(2)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>as a result of the exercise of a power in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref>, <ref href="#section-18">18</ref> or <ref href="#section-29">29</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>further to regulations under section <ref href="#section-40">40</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-the-recipient" eId="term-the-recipient">the recipient</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person who obtains the information as described in subsection <ref href="#section-42-1">(1)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any other person to whom the information is subsequently disclosed.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations authorising the recipient to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to another person for a purpose specified in the regulations, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>It is an offence for the recipient to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to another person, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained,</content></level><wrapUp>except as authorised by regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-42-3">(3)</ref> or any other enactment.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>But it is a defence to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person from whom the information was obtained as described in subsection <ref href="#section-42-1">(1)</ref> consented to the disclosure or use, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the recipient reasonably believed that the disclosure or use was lawful, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a disclosure, that the information had already lawfully been disclosed to the other person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-42-4">(4)</ref> is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England and Wales, to a fine;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to a fine.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A provision made by or under this Part that authorises the disclosure or use of the information is not to be taken to authorise disclosure or use that would be liable to harm the commercial interests of any person, except to the extent that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the provision otherwise provides, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person disclosing or using the information reasonably considers such disclosure or use necessary in view of the purpose of the provision.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-43"><num>43</num><heading>Fees</heading><subsection eId="section-43-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If fees are made payable as mentioned in section <ref href="#section-6">6</ref><ref href="#section-6-5">(5)</ref> or <ref href="#section-13">13</ref><ref href="#section-13-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-13-3-b">(b)</ref><ref href="#section-13-3-b-ii">(ii)</ref>, the amount of such a fee may be determined by reference to any costs incurred, or likely to be incurred, by the Secretary of State or by a traffic commissioner in connection with any function under this Part (whether or not directly related to what the fee is for).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-43-2"><num>(2)</num><content>But a given amount of costs (or likely costs) may not be taken into account more than once in determining amounts of fees under this Part.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-43-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Money received by a traffic commissioner as a result of regulations under section <ref href="#section-13">13</ref> must be paid into the Consolidated Fund in such manner as the Treasury may direct.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-44"><num>44</num><heading>Interpretation</heading><subsection eId="section-44-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>In this Part—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorisation-conditions" eId="term-authorisation-conditions">authorisation conditions</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref><ref href="#section-5-2">(2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorisation-requirement" eId="term-authorisation-requirement">authorisation requirement</term>” means a requirement imposed by regulations under section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automation-feature" eId="term-authorised-automation-feature">authorised automation feature</term>” means a feature identified in an automated vehicle authorisation further to section <ref href="#section-4">4</ref><ref href="#section-4-1">(1)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-locations-and-circumstances" eId="term-authorised-locations-and-circumstances">authorised locations and circumstances</term>”—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>in relation to an authorised automation feature, means the locations and circumstances specified in relation to that feature further to section <ref href="#section-4">4</ref><ref href="#section-4-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-4-3-c">(c)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>in relation to an authorised automated vehicle, means the locations and circumstances so specified in relation to the authorised automation features of the vehicle (taken as a whole);</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-no-user-in-charge-feature" eId="term-authorised-no-user-in-charge-feature">authorised no-user-in-charge feature</term>” means an authorised automation feature whose mode of operation is specified in the automated vehicle authorisation as no-user-in-charge;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-self-driving-entity" eId="term-authorised-self-driving-entity">authorised self-driving entity</term>” means a person for the time being designated under authorisation requirements of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-6">6</ref><ref href="#section-6-1">(1)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature" eId="term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature">authorised user-in-charge feature</term>” means an authorised automation feature whose mode of operation is specified in the automated vehicle authorisation as user-in-charge;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-automated-vehicle-authorisation" eId="term-automated-vehicle-authorisation">automated vehicle authorisation</term>” means an authorisation under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-control" eId="term-control">control</term>” and related expressions are to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-6">(6)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-equipment" eId="term-equipment">equipment</term>” of a vehicle includes software, and any electronic equipment outside the vehicle, that interacts with equipment in the vehicle;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-feature" eId="term-feature">feature</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-4">(4)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-initial-authorisation-requirement" eId="term-initial-authorisation-requirement">initial authorisation requirement</term>” means an authorisation requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref><ref href="#section-5-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-5-1-a">(a)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-investigative-purposes" eId="term-the-investigative-purposes">the investigative purposes</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref><ref href="#section-16-1">(1)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator" eId="term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator">licensed no-user-in-charge operator</term>” means a person for the time being licensed under operator licensing regulations;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-no-user-in-charge-journey" eId="term-no-user-in-charge-journey">no-user-in-charge journey</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref><ref href="#section-12-2">(2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-ongoing-authorisation-requirement" eId="term-ongoing-authorisation-requirement">ongoing authorisation requirement</term>” means an authorisation requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref><ref href="#section-5-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-5-1-b">(b)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-operator-licensing-regulations" eId="term-operator-licensing-regulations">operator licensing regulations</term>” means regulations under section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-overseen" eId="term-overseen">overseen</term>”, in relation to a no-user-in-charge journey, is to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref><ref href="#section-12-3">(3)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-premises" eId="term-premises">premises</term>” includes any land;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-regulated-body" eId="term-regulated-body">regulated body</term>” means an authorised self-driving entity or a licensed no-user-in-charge operator;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-regulatory-requirement" eId="term-regulatory-requirement">regulatory requirement</term>” means an authorisation requirement or a requirement under operator licensing regulations;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-safely" eId="term-safely">safely</term>” is to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-7">(7)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-statement-of-safety-principles" eId="term-the-statement-of-safety-principles">the statement of safety principles</term>” means the statement that has effect for the time being under section <ref href="#section-2">2</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-transition-demand" eId="term-transition-demand">transition demand</term>” and “transition period” are to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-2">(2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-travels-autonomously" eId="term-travels-autonomously">travels autonomously</term>” and related expressions are to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-5">(5)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-user-in-charge" eId="term-user-in-charge">user-in-charge</term>” has the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-2">Part 2</ref> (see section <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-vary" eId="term-vary">vary</term>” and related expressions are to be read, in relation to an automated vehicle authorisation, in accordance with section <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-1">(1)</ref>.</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-44-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>For the purposes of this Part, a vehicle “commits a traffic infraction” if, while an authorised automation feature of the vehicle is engaged, the vehicle does anything that would, were an individual in control of it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-44-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>amount to the commission of an offence by that individual, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-44-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>cause a person to become liable to a penalty charge under an enactment relating to road traffic.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-44-3"><num>(3)</num><content>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-44-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-44-2-a">(a)</ref>, it is to be assumed that nothing can be proved about the mental state of the notional individual.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-44-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this Part, a regulated body is “responsible” for an authorised automated vehicle—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-44-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of an authorised self-driving entity, if the body is the authorised self-driving entity for the vehicle;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-44-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a licensed no-user-in-charge operator, when the vehicle undertakes a no-user-in-charge journey overseen by the body.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-44-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Any question arising under this Part as to whether an authorised automation feature is “engaged” or “disengaged” is to be determined in accordance with what is specified under section <ref href="#section-4">4</ref><ref href="#section-4-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-4-3-b">(b)</ref>.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-45"><num>45</num><heading>Related amendments</heading><content><ref href="#schedule-2">Schedule 2</ref> makes amendments in connection with this Part.</content></section></chapter>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-41"><num>41</num><heading>Notices</heading><subsection eId="section-41-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to secure that the Secretary of State has available at all times—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-41-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a postal address, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-41-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an electronic address,</content></level><wrapUp>which can be used to issue notices under this Part to an authorised self-driving entity.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-41-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>If the Secretary of State makes operator licensing regulations, the regulations must include provision designed to secure that the Secretary of State has available at all times—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-41-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a postal address, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-41-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an electronic address,</content></level><wrapUp>which can be used to issue notices under this Part to a licensed no-user-in-charge operator.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-41-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A notice issued under this Part to a regulated body is to be taken for the purposes of this Part to be issued at—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-41-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the time at which it is received by the regulated body, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-41-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>if earlier, the time at which it would in the ordinary course of events be received by the regulated body (taking account of the means by which it is issued).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-41-4"><num>(4)</num><content>It is to be assumed for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-41-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-41-3-b">(b)</ref> that the regulated body will receive a notice sent to an address made available to the Secretary of State further to authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations or the sort described in subsection <ref href="#section-41-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-41-2">(2)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-41-5"><num>(5)</num><content>For the purposes of subsections <ref href="#section-41-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#section-41-4">(4)</ref>, a regulated body “receives” a notice when it would first be possible for an individual acting on behalf of the body to view the notice.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-41-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-electronic-address" eId="term-electronic-address">electronic address</term>” includes any form of information that enables a written electronic communication to be directed to a particular recipient.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-41-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must impose authorisation requirements designed to secure that the Secretary of State has available at all times—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-41-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a postal address, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-41-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an electronic address,</content></level><wrapUp>which can be used to issue notices under this Part to an authorised self-driving entity.</wrapUp></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-41-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>If the Secretary of State makes operator licensing regulations, the regulations must include provision designed to secure that the Secretary of State has available at all times—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-41-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a postal address, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-41-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an electronic address,</content></level><wrapUp>which can be used to issue notices under this Part to a licensed no-user-in-charge operator.</wrapUp></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-41-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A notice issued under this Part to a regulated body is to be taken for the purposes of this Part to be issued at—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-41-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the time at which it is received by the regulated body, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-41-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>if earlier, the time at which it would in the ordinary course of events be received by the regulated body (taking account of the means by which it is issued).</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-41-4"><num>(4)</num><content>It is to be assumed for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-41-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-41-3-b">(b)</ref> that the regulated body will receive a notice sent to an address made available to the Secretary of State further to authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations or the sort described in subsection <ref href="#section-41-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-41-2">(2)</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-41-5"><num>(5)</num><content>For the purposes of subsections <ref href="#section-41-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#section-41-4">(4)</ref>, a regulated body “receives” a notice when it would first be possible for an individual acting on behalf of the body to view the notice.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-41-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-electronic-address" eId="term-electronic-address">electronic address</term>” includes any form of information that enables a written electronic communication to be directed to a particular recipient.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-42"><num>42</num><heading>Protection of information</heading><subsection eId="section-42-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>This section applies in relation to information that a person obtains—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>further to authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-14">14</ref><ref href="#section-14-1">(1)</ref> and <ref href="#section-14-2">(2)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>as a result of the exercise of a power in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref>, <ref href="#section-18">18</ref> or <ref href="#section-29">29</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>further to regulations under section <ref href="#section-40">40</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-the-recipient" eId="term-the-recipient">the recipient</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person who obtains the information as described in subsection <ref href="#section-42-1">(1)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any other person to whom the information is subsequently disclosed.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations authorising the recipient to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to another person for a purpose specified in the regulations, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>It is an offence for the recipient to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to another person, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained,</content></level><wrapUp>except as authorised by regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-42-3">(3)</ref> or any other enactment.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>But it is a defence to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person from whom the information was obtained as described in subsection <ref href="#section-42-1">(1)</ref> consented to the disclosure or use, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the recipient reasonably believed that the disclosure or use was lawful, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a disclosure, that the information had already lawfully been disclosed to the other person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-42-4">(4)</ref> is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England and Wales, to a fine;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to a fine.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-42-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A provision made by or under this Part that authorises the disclosure or use of the information is not to be taken to authorise disclosure or use that would be liable to harm the commercial interests of any person, except to the extent that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the provision otherwise provides, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person disclosing or using the information reasonably considers such disclosure or use necessary in view of the purpose of the provision.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-42-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>This section applies in relation to information that a person obtains—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>further to authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-14">14</ref><ref href="#section-14-1">(1)</ref> and <ref href="#section-14-2">(2)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>as a result of the exercise of a power in section <ref href="#section-17">17</ref>, <ref href="#section-18">18</ref> or <ref href="#section-29">29</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>further to regulations under section <ref href="#section-40">40</ref>.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-42-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-the-recipient" eId="term-the-recipient">the recipient</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person who obtains the information as described in subsection <ref href="#section-42-1">(1)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any other person to whom the information is subsequently disclosed.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-42-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations authorising the recipient to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to another person for a purpose specified in the regulations, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-42-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>It is an offence for the recipient to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to another person, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained,</content></level><wrapUp>except as authorised by regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-42-3">(3)</ref> or any other enactment.</wrapUp></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-42-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>But it is a defence to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person from whom the information was obtained as described in subsection <ref href="#section-42-1">(1)</ref> consented to the disclosure or use, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the recipient reasonably believed that the disclosure or use was lawful, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a disclosure, that the information had already lawfully been disclosed to the other person.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-42-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-42-4">(4)</ref> is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England and Wales, to a fine;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to a fine.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-42-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A provision made by or under this Part that authorises the disclosure or use of the information is not to be taken to authorise disclosure or use that would be liable to harm the commercial interests of any person, except to the extent that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-42-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the provision otherwise provides, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-42-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person disclosing or using the information reasonably considers such disclosure or use necessary in view of the purpose of the provision.</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-43"><num>43</num><heading>Fees</heading><subsection eId="section-43-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If fees are made payable as mentioned in section <ref href="#section-6">6</ref><ref href="#section-6-5">(5)</ref> or <ref href="#section-13">13</ref><ref href="#section-13-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-13-3-b">(b)</ref><ref href="#section-13-3-b-ii">(ii)</ref>, the amount of such a fee may be determined by reference to any costs incurred, or likely to be incurred, by the Secretary of State or by a traffic commissioner in connection with any function under this Part (whether or not directly related to what the fee is for).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-43-2"><num>(2)</num><content>But a given amount of costs (or likely costs) may not be taken into account more than once in determining amounts of fees under this Part.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-43-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Money received by a traffic commissioner as a result of regulations under section <ref href="#section-13">13</ref> must be paid into the Consolidated Fund in such manner as the Treasury may direct.</content></subsection></section>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-44"><num>44</num><heading>Interpretation</heading><subsection eId="section-44-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>In this Part—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorisation-conditions" eId="term-authorisation-conditions">authorisation conditions</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref><ref href="#section-5-2">(2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorisation-requirement" eId="term-authorisation-requirement">authorisation requirement</term>” means a requirement imposed by regulations under section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automation-feature" eId="term-authorised-automation-feature">authorised automation feature</term>” means a feature identified in an automated vehicle authorisation further to section <ref href="#section-4">4</ref><ref href="#section-4-1">(1)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-locations-and-circumstances" eId="term-authorised-locations-and-circumstances">authorised locations and circumstances</term>”—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>in relation to an authorised automation feature, means the locations and circumstances specified in relation to that feature further to section <ref href="#section-4">4</ref><ref href="#section-4-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-4-3-c">(c)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>in relation to an authorised automated vehicle, means the locations and circumstances so specified in relation to the authorised automation features of the vehicle (taken as a whole);</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-no-user-in-charge-feature" eId="term-authorised-no-user-in-charge-feature">authorised no-user-in-charge feature</term>” means an authorised automation feature whose mode of operation is specified in the automated vehicle authorisation as no-user-in-charge;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-self-driving-entity" eId="term-authorised-self-driving-entity">authorised self-driving entity</term>” means a person for the time being designated under authorisation requirements of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-6">6</ref><ref href="#section-6-1">(1)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature" eId="term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature">authorised user-in-charge feature</term>” means an authorised automation feature whose mode of operation is specified in the automated vehicle authorisation as user-in-charge;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-automated-vehicle-authorisation" eId="term-automated-vehicle-authorisation">automated vehicle authorisation</term>” means an authorisation under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-control" eId="term-control">control</term>” and related expressions are to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-6">(6)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-equipment" eId="term-equipment">equipment</term>” of a vehicle includes software, and any electronic equipment outside the vehicle, that interacts with equipment in the vehicle;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-feature" eId="term-feature">feature</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-4">(4)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-initial-authorisation-requirement" eId="term-initial-authorisation-requirement">initial authorisation requirement</term>” means an authorisation requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref><ref href="#section-5-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-5-1-a">(a)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-investigative-purposes" eId="term-the-investigative-purposes">the investigative purposes</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref><ref href="#section-16-1">(1)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator" eId="term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator">licensed no-user-in-charge operator</term>” means a person for the time being licensed under operator licensing regulations;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-no-user-in-charge-journey" eId="term-no-user-in-charge-journey">no-user-in-charge journey</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref><ref href="#section-12-2">(2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-ongoing-authorisation-requirement" eId="term-ongoing-authorisation-requirement">ongoing authorisation requirement</term>” means an authorisation requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref><ref href="#section-5-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-5-1-b">(b)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-operator-licensing-regulations" eId="term-operator-licensing-regulations">operator licensing regulations</term>” means regulations under section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-overseen" eId="term-overseen">overseen</term>”, in relation to a no-user-in-charge journey, is to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref><ref href="#section-12-3">(3)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-premises" eId="term-premises">premises</term>” includes any land;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-regulated-body" eId="term-regulated-body">regulated body</term>” means an authorised self-driving entity or a licensed no-user-in-charge operator;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-regulatory-requirement" eId="term-regulatory-requirement">regulatory requirement</term>” means an authorisation requirement or a requirement under operator licensing regulations;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-safely" eId="term-safely">safely</term>” is to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-7">(7)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-statement-of-safety-principles" eId="term-the-statement-of-safety-principles">the statement of safety principles</term>” means the statement that has effect for the time being under section <ref href="#section-2">2</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-transition-demand" eId="term-transition-demand">transition demand</term>” and “transition period” are to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-2">(2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-travels-autonomously" eId="term-travels-autonomously">travels autonomously</term>” and related expressions are to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-5">(5)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-user-in-charge" eId="term-user-in-charge">user-in-charge</term>” has the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-2">Part 2</ref> (see section <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-vary" eId="term-vary">vary</term>” and related expressions are to be read, in relation to an automated vehicle authorisation, in accordance with section <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-1">(1)</ref>.</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-44-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>For the purposes of this Part, a vehicle “commits a traffic infraction” if, while an authorised automation feature of the vehicle is engaged, the vehicle does anything that would, were an individual in control of it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-44-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>amount to the commission of an offence by that individual, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-44-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>cause a person to become liable to a penalty charge under an enactment relating to road traffic.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-44-3"><num>(3)</num><content>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-44-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-44-2-a">(a)</ref>, it is to be assumed that nothing can be proved about the mental state of the notional individual.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-44-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this Part, a regulated body is “responsible” for an authorised automated vehicle—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-44-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of an authorised self-driving entity, if the body is the authorised self-driving entity for the vehicle;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-44-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a licensed no-user-in-charge operator, when the vehicle undertakes a no-user-in-charge journey overseen by the body.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-44-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Any question arising under this Part as to whether an authorised automation feature is “engaged” or “disengaged” is to be determined in accordance with what is specified under section <ref href="#section-4">4</ref><ref href="#section-4-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-4-3-b">(b)</ref>.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-44-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>In this Part—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorisation-conditions" eId="term-authorisation-conditions">authorisation conditions</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref><ref href="#section-5-2">(2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorisation-requirement" eId="term-authorisation-requirement">authorisation requirement</term>” means a requirement imposed by regulations under section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automation-feature" eId="term-authorised-automation-feature">authorised automation feature</term>” means a feature identified in an automated vehicle authorisation further to section <ref href="#section-4">4</ref><ref href="#section-4-1">(1)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-locations-and-circumstances" eId="term-authorised-locations-and-circumstances">authorised locations and circumstances</term>”—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>in relation to an authorised automation feature, means the locations and circumstances specified in relation to that feature further to section <ref href="#section-4">4</ref><ref href="#section-4-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-4-3-c">(c)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>in relation to an authorised automated vehicle, means the locations and circumstances so specified in relation to the authorised automation features of the vehicle (taken as a whole);</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-no-user-in-charge-feature" eId="term-authorised-no-user-in-charge-feature">authorised no-user-in-charge feature</term>” means an authorised automation feature whose mode of operation is specified in the automated vehicle authorisation as no-user-in-charge;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-self-driving-entity" eId="term-authorised-self-driving-entity">authorised self-driving entity</term>” means a person for the time being designated under authorisation requirements of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-6">6</ref><ref href="#section-6-1">(1)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature" eId="term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature">authorised user-in-charge feature</term>” means an authorised automation feature whose mode of operation is specified in the automated vehicle authorisation as user-in-charge;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-automated-vehicle-authorisation" eId="term-automated-vehicle-authorisation">automated vehicle authorisation</term>” means an authorisation under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-control" eId="term-control">control</term>” and related expressions are to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-6">(6)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-equipment" eId="term-equipment">equipment</term>” of a vehicle includes software, and any electronic equipment outside the vehicle, that interacts with equipment in the vehicle;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-feature" eId="term-feature">feature</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-4">(4)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-initial-authorisation-requirement" eId="term-initial-authorisation-requirement">initial authorisation requirement</term>” means an authorisation requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref><ref href="#section-5-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-5-1-a">(a)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-investigative-purposes" eId="term-the-investigative-purposes">the investigative purposes</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-16">16</ref><ref href="#section-16-1">(1)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator" eId="term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator">licensed no-user-in-charge operator</term>” means a person for the time being licensed under operator licensing regulations;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-no-user-in-charge-journey" eId="term-no-user-in-charge-journey">no-user-in-charge journey</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref><ref href="#section-12-2">(2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-ongoing-authorisation-requirement" eId="term-ongoing-authorisation-requirement">ongoing authorisation requirement</term>” means an authorisation requirement of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-5">5</ref><ref href="#section-5-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-5-1-b">(b)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-operator-licensing-regulations" eId="term-operator-licensing-regulations">operator licensing regulations</term>” means regulations under section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-overseen" eId="term-overseen">overseen</term>”, in relation to a no-user-in-charge journey, is to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref><ref href="#section-12-3">(3)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-premises" eId="term-premises">premises</term>” includes any land;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-regulated-body" eId="term-regulated-body">regulated body</term>” means an authorised self-driving entity or a licensed no-user-in-charge operator;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-regulatory-requirement" eId="term-regulatory-requirement">regulatory requirement</term>” means an authorisation requirement or a requirement under operator licensing regulations;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-safely" eId="term-safely">safely</term>” is to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-7">(7)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-statement-of-safety-principles" eId="term-the-statement-of-safety-principles">the statement of safety principles</term>” means the statement that has effect for the time being under section <ref href="#section-2">2</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-transition-demand" eId="term-transition-demand">transition demand</term>” and “transition period” are to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-2">(2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-travels-autonomously" eId="term-travels-autonomously">travels autonomously</term>” and related expressions are to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-5">(5)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-user-in-charge" eId="term-user-in-charge">user-in-charge</term>” has the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-2">Part 2</ref> (see section <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-vary" eId="term-vary">vary</term>” and related expressions are to be read, in relation to an automated vehicle authorisation, in accordance with section <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-1">(1)</ref>.</content></hcontainer></subsection>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-traffic-regulation-measure" eId="term-traffic-regulation-measure">traffic regulation measure</term>” means an order or notice under any of the following provisions of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>section 1 (traffic regulation orders),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>section 6 (orders regulating traffic in Greater London),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>section 9 (experimental traffic orders),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>section 14 (temporary orders and notices),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(e)</num><content>section 16A (special events), or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(f)</num><content>section 84 (speed limits).</content></level></hcontainer>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6" class="schProv1"><num>6</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the Secretary of State issues a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice (“the principal notice”) to a regulated body, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the notice of intent that preceded the principal notice included the contents set out in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-5">5</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-5-3">(3)</ref>,</content></level><wrapUp>the Secretary of State may also issue a costs notice to that body.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A costs notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to pay a sum specified in the notice to the Secretary of State.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-3"><num>(3)</num><content>That sum must be no greater than the total of the costs reasonably incurred by the Secretary of State in connection with the principal notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The costs that may be taken into account for that purpose include—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>costs of investigating the matters to which the principal notice relates,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>administrative costs, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>costs of obtaining expert advice (including legal advice).</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A costs notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>particularise the costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explain (if it is not otherwise apparent) how those costs have been calculated, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the sum must be paid.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>If a sum payable under a costs notice is not paid in time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the sum (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the Secretary of State may recover the sum (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The cancellation of a compliance notice, redress notice, or monetary penalty notice has the effect of cancelling any costs notice issued in connection with it.</content></subparagraph></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:default="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 is amended as follows.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In section 24 (alternative verdicts)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in subsection (A2)—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>omit the “and” at the end of paragraph (c);</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><mod>after paragraph (c) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><level class="para1"><num>(ca)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref> of that Act (use of automated vehicle in dangerous state),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(cb)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref> of that Act (causing death, or serious injury, by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(cc)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5887">22B</ref> of that Act (causing danger to road-users resulting in automated vehicle killing or seriously injuring),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(cd)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref> of that Act (use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(ce)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref> of that Act (causing death, or serious injury, by use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight), and</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>in the table in subsection (1), at the appropriate places insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:50%"/><default:col style="width:50%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>Section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref> (causing death, or serious injury, by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state)</default:td><default:td>Section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref> (use of automated vehicle in dangerous state)</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:50%"/><default:col style="width:50%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>Section <ref href="#d25e5887">22B</ref> (causing danger to road-users resulting in automated vehicle killing or seriously injuring)</default:td><default:td>Section 22A (causing danger to road-users)</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>Section <ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref> (causing death, or serious injury, by use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight)</default:td><default:td>Section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref> (use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight)</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-3"><num>(3)</num><content><mod>In the table in Schedule 1 (offences to which sections 1, 6, 11 and 12(1) apply), at the appropriate places insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:30%"/><default:col style="width:40%"/><default:col style="width:30%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref></default:td><default:td>Use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td>Sections 1, 11 and 12(1) of this Act.</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:30%"/><default:col style="width:40%"/><default:col style="width:30%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref><ref href="#d25e5817">(1)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing death by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td>Section 11 of this Act.</default:td></default:tr><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref><ref href="#d25e5838">(2)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing serious injury by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td>Sections 11 and 12(1) of this Act.</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:30%"/><default:col style="width:40%"/><default:col style="width:30%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref></default:td><default:td>Use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td>Sections 1, 11 and 12(1) of this Act.</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:30%"/><default:col style="width:40%"/><default:col style="width:30%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref><ref href="#d25e5551">(1)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing death by use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td>Section 11 of this Act.</default:td></default:tr><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref><ref href="#d25e5575">(2)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing serious injury by use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td>Sections 11 and 12(1) of this Act.</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure></mod></content></subparagraph></paragraph>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-road" eId="term-road">road</term>” has the same meaning as in the Road Traffic Act 1988 (see section 192(1) of that Act);</content></hcontainer>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-44-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>For the purposes of this Part, a vehicle “commits a traffic infraction” if, while an authorised automation feature of the vehicle is engaged, the vehicle does anything that would, were an individual in control of it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-44-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>amount to the commission of an offence by that individual, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-44-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>cause a person to become liable to a penalty charge under an enactment relating to road traffic.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-44-3"><num>(3)</num><content>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-44-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-44-2-a">(a)</ref>, it is to be assumed that nothing can be proved about the mental state of the notional individual.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-44-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this Part, a regulated body is “responsible” for an authorised automated vehicle—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-44-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of an authorised self-driving entity, if the body is the authorised self-driving entity for the vehicle;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-44-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a licensed no-user-in-charge operator, when the vehicle undertakes a no-user-in-charge journey overseen by the body.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-44-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Any question arising under this Part as to whether an authorised automation feature is “engaged” or “disengaged” is to be determined in accordance with what is specified under section <ref href="#section-4">4</ref><ref href="#section-4-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-4-3-b">(b)</ref>.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-45"><num>45</num><heading>Related amendments</heading><content><ref href="#schedule-2">Schedule 2</ref> makes amendments in connection with this Part.</content></section>

<part xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:default="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" eId="part-2"><num>Part 2</num><heading>Criminal liability for vehicle use</heading><chapter eId="part-2-chapter-1"><num>Chapter 1</num><heading>Legal position of user-in-charge</heading><section eId="section-46"><num>46</num><heading>Meaning of “user-in-charge”</heading><intro>An individual is the “user-in-charge” of a vehicle if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-46-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the vehicle is an authorised automated vehicle with an authorised user-in-charge feature,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-46-b"><num>(b)</num><content>that feature is engaged, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-46-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the individual is in, and in position to exercise control of, the vehicle, but is not controlling it.</content></level></section><section eId="section-47"><num>47</num><heading>User-in-charge not liable for manner of driving</heading><subsection eId="section-47-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An individual does not commit an offence arising from the way in which a vehicle is driven if subsection <ref href="#section-47-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-47-3">(3)</ref> applies (subject to section <ref href="#section-48">48</ref>).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-47-2"><num>(2)</num><content>This subsection applies if the individual is the user-in-charge of the vehicle at the time of the act that would constitute the offence.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-47-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>This subsection applies if the act that would constitute the offence—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-47-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>results from something done by the vehicle while the individual was its user-in-charge, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-47-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>does not also result from the individual’s conduct after ceasing to be the user-in-charge falling below the standard that could reasonably be expected of a careful and competent driver in the circumstances.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-47-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, the way in which a vehicle is driven—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-47-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>includes (for example) the use of its signals and lighting, but</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-47-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>does not include (for example) the condition or qualifications of the driver.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-48"><num>48</num><heading>Exceptions from immunity</heading><subsection eId="section-48-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> does not apply in relation to an offence if the act that would constitute the offence takes place after—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-48-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a transition demand has been issued in accordance with authorisation requirements, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-48-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the transition period has ended.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-48-2"><num>(2)</num><content>But subsection <ref href="#section-48-1">(1)</ref> does not apply if the act that would constitute the offence results from the vehicle doing something which amounts to a breach of authorisation requirements of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-7-3-e">(e)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-48-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> does not apply in relation to an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-48-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the offence arises from the position in which the vehicle is parked or otherwise stops or is left stationary, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-48-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the user-in-charge voluntarily departs from the vehicle while it is in that position.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-48-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> does not apply in relation to an offence arising from the vehicle’s entering or remaining on a particular road or other area without a required toll or charge being paid.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-48-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> does not apply in relation to an offence if the conditions in subsection <ref href="#section-48-6">(6)</ref> of this section are satisfied at the time of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-48-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the act that would constitute the offence, in a case within section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-2">(2)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-48-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the thing done by the vehicle that results in the act that would constitute the offence, in a case within section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-3">(3)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-48-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The conditions are that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-48-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the authorised user-in-charge feature in question is engaged other than in the authorised locations and circumstances, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-48-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the user-in-charge has caused it to be so, or another person has to the knowledge of the user-in-charge caused it to be so, by deliberately interfering with equipment of the vehicle.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-49"><num>49</num><heading>User-in-charge otherwise liable as driver</heading><subsection eId="section-49-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The user-in-charge of a vehicle is to be taken for the purposes of any enactment to be the driver of, and driving, the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-49-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-49-1">(1)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-49-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>does mean that (subject to section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref>) an enactment applies to the user-in-charge as it would apply to a driver who acted in the same way as the user-in-charge in fact acts, but</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-49-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>does not mean that any particular behaviour of the vehicle is to be treated as brought about by the user-in-charge when it is not in fact so brought about.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-49-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If an individual is for a time the user-in-charge of a vehicle but moves so as no longer to be in position to control the vehicle, this section continues to apply to the individual as it applies to a user-in-charge until—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-49-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>another individual becomes the user-in-charge of the vehicle or takes control of it, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-49-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the authorised user-in-charge feature is disengaged.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-50"><num>50</num><heading>Power to change or clarify existing traffic legislation</heading><subsection eId="section-50-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make provision for the purpose of changing or clarifying whether, how or in what circumstances a relevant enactment applies to the user-in-charge of a vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-50-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A “relevant enactment” is an enactment that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-50-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>was passed or made on or before the relevant day, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-50-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>relates to the driving or use of a vehicle.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-50-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Regulations under this section may amend any enactment passed or made on or before the relevant day.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-51"><num>51</num><heading>Supplementary provision</heading><subsection eId="section-51-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An enactment passed or made after this Act is passed is to be read as subject to sections <ref href="#section-47">47</ref> to <ref href="#section-49">49</ref> unless a clear intention to the contrary appears.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-51-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person who seeks to rely on section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> in criminal proceedings must prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-51-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the individual concerned was a user-in-charge at the time in question, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-51-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>section <ref href="#section-48">48</ref><ref href="#section-48-1">(1)</ref> does not apply (unless the person also seeks to rely on section <ref href="#section-48">48</ref><ref href="#section-48-2">(2)</ref>).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-51-3"><num>(3)</num><content>A person who seeks to rely on section <ref href="#section-48">48</ref><ref href="#section-48-2">(2)</ref> in criminal proceedings must adduce sufficient evidence that it applies to raise an issue with respect to it; and if the person does so that provision is to be taken to apply unless the contrary is proved beyond reasonable doubt.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-51-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-51-5">(5)</ref> applies if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-51-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an automated vehicle authorisation is varied, suspended or withdrawn,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-51-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an individual could not reasonably be expected to know of the variation, suspension or withdrawal, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-51-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the individual uses a vehicle in reliance on the authorisation as it stood before the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-51-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Sections <ref href="#section-47">47</ref> to <ref href="#section-49">49</ref>, and regulations under section <ref href="#section-50">50</ref>, apply in respect of that use of the vehicle by the individual as if the variation, suspension or withdrawal had not occurred.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-52"><num>52</num><heading>Interpretation</heading><subsection eId="section-52-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The following subsections apply for the purposes of this Chapter.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-52-2"><num>(2)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-user-in-charge" eId="term-user-in-charge">User-in-charge</term>” is to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-52-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The following terms have the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorisation-requirements" eId="term-authorisation-requirements">authorisation requirements</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-locations-and-circumstances" eId="term-authorised-locations-and-circumstances">authorised locations and circumstances</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature" eId="term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature">authorised user-in-charge feature</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-control" eId="term-control">control</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-controlling" eId="term-controlling">controlling</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-6">(6)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-equipment" eId="term-equipment">equipment</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-transition-demand" eId="term-transition-demand">transition demand</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-transition-period" eId="term-transition-period">transition period</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-varied" eId="term-varied">varied</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-variation" eId="term-variation">variation</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-1">(1)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>).</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-52-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-5">(5)</ref> (authorisation to determine when feature “engaged” or “disengaged”) applies as it applies for the purposes of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-52-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The “relevant day” is the final day of the session of Parliament in which this Act is passed.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-52-6"><num>(6)</num><content>Any conduct giving rise to liability to a penalty charge is to be regarded as conduct amounting to an offence.</content></subsection></section></chapter><chapter eId="part-2-chapter-2"><num>Chapter 2</num><heading>Offences</heading><section eId="section-53"><num>53</num><heading>Use of vehicle without driver or licensed oversight</heading><subsection eId="section-53-1"><num>(1)</num><content><mod>In the Road Traffic Act 1988, before the italic heading before section 35 insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock"><heading>Road vehicles used without human control</heading><section eId="d25e5410"><num>34B</num><heading>Using vehicle without driver or licensed oversight</heading><subsection eId="d25e5414"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person uses, or causes or permits another person to use, a road vehicle on a road or other public place,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="d25e5426"><num>(b)</num><intro>at any time while the vehicle is so used—</intro><level class="para2"><num>(i)</num><content>the vehicle is mechanically propelled, and</content></level><level class="para2"><num>(ii)</num><content>there is no individual who is exercising, or in position to exercise, control of the vehicle, and</content></level></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>subsection <ref href="#d25e5453">(2)</ref> does not apply.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="d25e5453"><num>(2)</num><intro>This subsection applies if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorised no-user-in-charge feature is engaged at all times when subsection <ref href="#d25e5414">(1)</ref><ref href="#d25e5426">(b)</ref> is satisfied, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the journey undertaken by the vehicle is overseen by a licensed no-user-in-charge operator.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><intro>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that, at the time of the acts said to constitute the offence, the person did not know, and could not reasonably have been expected to know, that—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the facts were, or would be, as described in subsection <ref href="#d25e5414">(1)</ref><ref href="#d25e5426">(b)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the facts were not, or would not be, as described in subsection <ref href="#d25e5453">(2)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(4)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#d25e5414">(1)</ref> does not apply to the use of a vehicle on a public place other than a road if the vehicle is designed primarily for a purpose other than—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the carriage of persons, or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the carriage of goods on roads.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(5)</num><content>Section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024 applies for the interpretation of this section as it applies for the interpretation of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> of that Act.</content></subsection><subsection><num>(6)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-road-vehicle">road vehicle</term>” means a mechanically propelled vehicle intended or adapted for use on roads.</content></subsection></section><section eId="d25e5547"><num>34C</num><heading>Causing death or serious injury by using vehicle without driver or licensed oversight</heading><subsection eId="d25e5551"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>while being used in the way that constitutes the offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref>, the vehicle causes the death of another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="d25e5575"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>while being used in the way that constitutes the offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref>, the vehicle causes serous injury to another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” has the meaning given by section 1A(2).</content></subsection></section></hcontainer></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-53-2"><num>(2)</num><content><mod>In Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988, at the appropriate places insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref></default:td><default:td>Using a road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>Summarily.</item><item><num>(b)</num>On indictment.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>On conviction in England and Wales: a period not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both.On conviction in Scotland: 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.</item><item><num>(b)</num>2 years or a fine or both.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td>Discretionary.</default:td><default:td>Discretionary.</default:td><default:td>6</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref><ref href="#d25e5551">(1)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing death by using a road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td>On indictment.</default:td><default:td>Imprisonment for life.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr><default:tr><default:td><ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref><ref href="#d25e5575">(2)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing serious injury by using a road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>Summarily.</item><item><num>(b)</num>On indictment.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>On conviction in England and Wales: a period not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both.On conviction in Scotland: 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.</item><item><num>(b)</num>5 years or a fine or both.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-53-3"><num>(3)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-3">Schedule 3</ref> makes amendments in connection with the preceding provisions of this section.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-54"><num>54</num><heading>Dangerous use etc</heading><subsection eId="section-54-1"><num>(1)</num><content><mod>After section 3A of the Road Traffic Act 1988 insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><section><num>3B</num><heading>Disapplication to user-in-charge of automated vehicle</heading><content>For the purposes of section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024 (user-in-charge of authorised automated vehicle not liable for manner of driving), any offence under the preceding sections is to be taken to be an offence arising from the way in which a vehicle is driven.</content></section><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock"><heading>Offences by users-in-charge of automated vehicles</heading><section eId="d25e5773"><num>3C</num><heading>Use of automated vehicle in dangerous state</heading><subsection eId="d25e5777"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is the user-in-charge of an authorised automated vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the vehicle is on a road or other public place, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>it would have been obvious to a competent and careful user of the vehicle, at the moment when the authorised user-in-charge feature in question was engaged, that the current state of the vehicle would make it dangerous to use it in the way in which it is being used.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(2)</num><content>Subsections (3) and (4) of section 2A apply, with the necessary adjustments, for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#d25e5777">(1)</ref> of this section as they apply for the purposes of subsection (2) of that section.</content></subsection></section><section eId="d25e5813"><num>3D</num><heading>Causing death, or serious injury, by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state</heading><subsection eId="d25e5817"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the use of the vehicle in its dangerous state causes the death of another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="d25e5838"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the use of the vehicle in its dangerous state causes serious injury to another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” has the meaning given by section 1A(2).</content></subsection><subsection><num>(4)</num><content>The references in this section to the use of the vehicle in its dangerous state are to the use, and state, of the vehicle that give rise to the offence under section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref>.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-54-2"><num>(2)</num><content><mod>After section 22A of the Road Traffic Act 1988 insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><section eId="d25e5887"><num>22B</num><heading>Causing danger to road-users resulting in automated vehicle killing or seriously injuring</heading><subsection><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section 22A, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the conduct constituting that offence causes an authorised automated vehicle to commit a traffic infraction, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>the commission of that traffic infraction causes the death of, or serious injury to, another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(2)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” has the meaning given by section 1A(2).</content></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><content>This section does not extend to Scotland.</content></subsection></section></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-54-3"><num>(3)</num><content><mod>In Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 (prosecution and punishment of offences under the Traffic Acts), at the appropriate places insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref></default:td><default:td>Use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>Summarily.</item><item><num>(b)</num>On indictment.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>On conviction in England and Wales: a period not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both.On conviction in Scotland: 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.</item><item><num>(b)</num>2 years or a fine or both.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref><ref href="#d25e5817">(1)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing death by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td>On indictment.</default:td><default:td>Imprisonment for life.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref><ref href="#d25e5838">(2)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing serious injury by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>Summarily.</item><item><num>(b)</num>On indictment.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>On conviction in England and Wales: a period not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both.On conviction in Scotland: 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.</item><item><num>(b)</num>5 years or a fine or both.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5887">22B</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing danger to road-users resulting in automated vehicle killing or seriously injuring.</default:td><default:td>On indictment.</default:td><default:td>14 years or a fine or both.</default:td><default:td/><default:td/><default:td/></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-54-4"><num>(4)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-3">Schedule 3</ref> makes amendments in connection with the preceding provisions of this section.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-55"><num>55</num><heading>Amendment of tampering offence</heading><intro>In section 25 of the Road Traffic Act 1988 (tampering with motor vehicles)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-55-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the existing text becomes subsection (1);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-55-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>after that subsection insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(2)</num><intro>For the purposes of subsection (1), the “mechanism” of a vehicle includes—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>any equipment in or on the vehicle designed to allow the motion of the vehicle to be controlled other than by an individual in the vehicle, or to facilitate its being so controlled, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>any software installed in, or other electronic information stored in, any such equipment.</content></level></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></content></level></section><section eId="section-56"><num>56</num><heading>Amendment of offence concerning fitting of unsuitable parts</heading><content><mod>In section 76 of the Road Traffic Act 1988 (fitting and supply of defective or unsuitable vehicle parts), at the end insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(11)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>references to a vehicle part include software (except in subsection (5)(a)), and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>references to fitting a vehicle part to a vehicle include installing software in, or otherwise making software interact with, a vehicle.</content></level></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></content></section></chapter></part>

<chapter xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="part-2-chapter-1"><num>Chapter 1</num><heading>Legal position of user-in-charge</heading><section eId="section-46"><num>46</num><heading>Meaning of “user-in-charge”</heading><intro>An individual is the “user-in-charge” of a vehicle if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-46-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the vehicle is an authorised automated vehicle with an authorised user-in-charge feature,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-46-b"><num>(b)</num><content>that feature is engaged, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-46-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the individual is in, and in position to exercise control of, the vehicle, but is not controlling it.</content></level></section><section eId="section-47"><num>47</num><heading>User-in-charge not liable for manner of driving</heading><subsection eId="section-47-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An individual does not commit an offence arising from the way in which a vehicle is driven if subsection <ref href="#section-47-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-47-3">(3)</ref> applies (subject to section <ref href="#section-48">48</ref>).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-47-2"><num>(2)</num><content>This subsection applies if the individual is the user-in-charge of the vehicle at the time of the act that would constitute the offence.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-47-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>This subsection applies if the act that would constitute the offence—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-47-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>results from something done by the vehicle while the individual was its user-in-charge, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-47-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>does not also result from the individual’s conduct after ceasing to be the user-in-charge falling below the standard that could reasonably be expected of a careful and competent driver in the circumstances.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-47-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, the way in which a vehicle is driven—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-47-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>includes (for example) the use of its signals and lighting, but</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-47-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>does not include (for example) the condition or qualifications of the driver.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-48"><num>48</num><heading>Exceptions from immunity</heading><subsection eId="section-48-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> does not apply in relation to an offence if the act that would constitute the offence takes place after—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-48-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a transition demand has been issued in accordance with authorisation requirements, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-48-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the transition period has ended.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-48-2"><num>(2)</num><content>But subsection <ref href="#section-48-1">(1)</ref> does not apply if the act that would constitute the offence results from the vehicle doing something which amounts to a breach of authorisation requirements of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-7-3-e">(e)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-48-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> does not apply in relation to an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-48-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the offence arises from the position in which the vehicle is parked or otherwise stops or is left stationary, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-48-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the user-in-charge voluntarily departs from the vehicle while it is in that position.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-48-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> does not apply in relation to an offence arising from the vehicle’s entering or remaining on a particular road or other area without a required toll or charge being paid.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-48-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> does not apply in relation to an offence if the conditions in subsection <ref href="#section-48-6">(6)</ref> of this section are satisfied at the time of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-48-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the act that would constitute the offence, in a case within section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-2">(2)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-48-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the thing done by the vehicle that results in the act that would constitute the offence, in a case within section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-3">(3)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-48-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The conditions are that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-48-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the authorised user-in-charge feature in question is engaged other than in the authorised locations and circumstances, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-48-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the user-in-charge has caused it to be so, or another person has to the knowledge of the user-in-charge caused it to be so, by deliberately interfering with equipment of the vehicle.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-49"><num>49</num><heading>User-in-charge otherwise liable as driver</heading><subsection eId="section-49-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The user-in-charge of a vehicle is to be taken for the purposes of any enactment to be the driver of, and driving, the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-49-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-49-1">(1)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-49-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>does mean that (subject to section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref>) an enactment applies to the user-in-charge as it would apply to a driver who acted in the same way as the user-in-charge in fact acts, but</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-49-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>does not mean that any particular behaviour of the vehicle is to be treated as brought about by the user-in-charge when it is not in fact so brought about.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-49-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If an individual is for a time the user-in-charge of a vehicle but moves so as no longer to be in position to control the vehicle, this section continues to apply to the individual as it applies to a user-in-charge until—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-49-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>another individual becomes the user-in-charge of the vehicle or takes control of it, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-49-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the authorised user-in-charge feature is disengaged.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-50"><num>50</num><heading>Power to change or clarify existing traffic legislation</heading><subsection eId="section-50-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make provision for the purpose of changing or clarifying whether, how or in what circumstances a relevant enactment applies to the user-in-charge of a vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-50-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A “relevant enactment” is an enactment that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-50-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>was passed or made on or before the relevant day, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-50-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>relates to the driving or use of a vehicle.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-50-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Regulations under this section may amend any enactment passed or made on or before the relevant day.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-51"><num>51</num><heading>Supplementary provision</heading><subsection eId="section-51-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An enactment passed or made after this Act is passed is to be read as subject to sections <ref href="#section-47">47</ref> to <ref href="#section-49">49</ref> unless a clear intention to the contrary appears.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-51-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person who seeks to rely on section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> in criminal proceedings must prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-51-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the individual concerned was a user-in-charge at the time in question, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-51-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>section <ref href="#section-48">48</ref><ref href="#section-48-1">(1)</ref> does not apply (unless the person also seeks to rely on section <ref href="#section-48">48</ref><ref href="#section-48-2">(2)</ref>).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-51-3"><num>(3)</num><content>A person who seeks to rely on section <ref href="#section-48">48</ref><ref href="#section-48-2">(2)</ref> in criminal proceedings must adduce sufficient evidence that it applies to raise an issue with respect to it; and if the person does so that provision is to be taken to apply unless the contrary is proved beyond reasonable doubt.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-51-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-51-5">(5)</ref> applies if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-51-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an automated vehicle authorisation is varied, suspended or withdrawn,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-51-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an individual could not reasonably be expected to know of the variation, suspension or withdrawal, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-51-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the individual uses a vehicle in reliance on the authorisation as it stood before the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-51-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Sections <ref href="#section-47">47</ref> to <ref href="#section-49">49</ref>, and regulations under section <ref href="#section-50">50</ref>, apply in respect of that use of the vehicle by the individual as if the variation, suspension or withdrawal had not occurred.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-52"><num>52</num><heading>Interpretation</heading><subsection eId="section-52-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The following subsections apply for the purposes of this Chapter.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-52-2"><num>(2)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-user-in-charge" eId="term-user-in-charge">User-in-charge</term>” is to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-52-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The following terms have the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorisation-requirements" eId="term-authorisation-requirements">authorisation requirements</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-locations-and-circumstances" eId="term-authorised-locations-and-circumstances">authorised locations and circumstances</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature" eId="term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature">authorised user-in-charge feature</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-control" eId="term-control">control</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-controlling" eId="term-controlling">controlling</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-6">(6)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-equipment" eId="term-equipment">equipment</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-transition-demand" eId="term-transition-demand">transition demand</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-transition-period" eId="term-transition-period">transition period</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-varied" eId="term-varied">varied</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-variation" eId="term-variation">variation</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-1">(1)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>).</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-52-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-5">(5)</ref> (authorisation to determine when feature “engaged” or “disengaged”) applies as it applies for the purposes of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-52-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The “relevant day” is the final day of the session of Parliament in which this Act is passed.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-52-6"><num>(6)</num><content>Any conduct giving rise to liability to a penalty charge is to be regarded as conduct amounting to an offence.</content></subsection></section></chapter>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-46"><num>46</num><heading>Meaning of “user-in-charge”</heading><intro>An individual is the “user-in-charge” of a vehicle if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-46-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the vehicle is an authorised automated vehicle with an authorised user-in-charge feature,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-46-b"><num>(b)</num><content>that feature is engaged, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-46-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the individual is in, and in position to exercise control of, the vehicle, but is not controlling it.</content></level></section>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-47"><num>47</num><heading>User-in-charge not liable for manner of driving</heading><subsection eId="section-47-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An individual does not commit an offence arising from the way in which a vehicle is driven if subsection <ref href="#section-47-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-47-3">(3)</ref> applies (subject to section <ref href="#section-48">48</ref>).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-47-2"><num>(2)</num><content>This subsection applies if the individual is the user-in-charge of the vehicle at the time of the act that would constitute the offence.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-47-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>This subsection applies if the act that would constitute the offence—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-47-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>results from something done by the vehicle while the individual was its user-in-charge, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-47-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>does not also result from the individual’s conduct after ceasing to be the user-in-charge falling below the standard that could reasonably be expected of a careful and competent driver in the circumstances.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-47-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, the way in which a vehicle is driven—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-47-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>includes (for example) the use of its signals and lighting, but</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-47-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>does not include (for example) the condition or qualifications of the driver.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-47-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An individual does not commit an offence arising from the way in which a vehicle is driven if subsection <ref href="#section-47-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-47-3">(3)</ref> applies (subject to section <ref href="#section-48">48</ref>).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-47-2"><num>(2)</num><content>This subsection applies if the individual is the user-in-charge of the vehicle at the time of the act that would constitute the offence.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-47-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>This subsection applies if the act that would constitute the offence—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-47-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>results from something done by the vehicle while the individual was its user-in-charge, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-47-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>does not also result from the individual’s conduct after ceasing to be the user-in-charge falling below the standard that could reasonably be expected of a careful and competent driver in the circumstances.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-47-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, the way in which a vehicle is driven—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-47-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>includes (for example) the use of its signals and lighting, but</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-47-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>does not include (for example) the condition or qualifications of the driver.</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-48"><num>48</num><heading>Exceptions from immunity</heading><subsection eId="section-48-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> does not apply in relation to an offence if the act that would constitute the offence takes place after—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-48-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a transition demand has been issued in accordance with authorisation requirements, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-48-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the transition period has ended.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-48-2"><num>(2)</num><content>But subsection <ref href="#section-48-1">(1)</ref> does not apply if the act that would constitute the offence results from the vehicle doing something which amounts to a breach of authorisation requirements of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-7-3-e">(e)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-48-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> does not apply in relation to an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-48-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the offence arises from the position in which the vehicle is parked or otherwise stops or is left stationary, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-48-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the user-in-charge voluntarily departs from the vehicle while it is in that position.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-48-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> does not apply in relation to an offence arising from the vehicle’s entering or remaining on a particular road or other area without a required toll or charge being paid.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-48-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> does not apply in relation to an offence if the conditions in subsection <ref href="#section-48-6">(6)</ref> of this section are satisfied at the time of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-48-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the act that would constitute the offence, in a case within section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-2">(2)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-48-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the thing done by the vehicle that results in the act that would constitute the offence, in a case within section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-3">(3)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-48-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The conditions are that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-48-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the authorised user-in-charge feature in question is engaged other than in the authorised locations and circumstances, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-48-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the user-in-charge has caused it to be so, or another person has to the knowledge of the user-in-charge caused it to be so, by deliberately interfering with equipment of the vehicle.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-48-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> does not apply in relation to an offence if the act that would constitute the offence takes place after—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-48-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a transition demand has been issued in accordance with authorisation requirements, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-48-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the transition period has ended.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-48-2"><num>(2)</num><content>But subsection <ref href="#section-48-1">(1)</ref> does not apply if the act that would constitute the offence results from the vehicle doing something which amounts to a breach of authorisation requirements of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-7-3-e">(e)</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-48-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> does not apply in relation to an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-48-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the offence arises from the position in which the vehicle is parked or otherwise stops or is left stationary, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-48-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the user-in-charge voluntarily departs from the vehicle while it is in that position.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-48-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> does not apply in relation to an offence arising from the vehicle’s entering or remaining on a particular road or other area without a required toll or charge being paid.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-48-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> does not apply in relation to an offence if the conditions in subsection <ref href="#section-48-6">(6)</ref> of this section are satisfied at the time of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-48-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the act that would constitute the offence, in a case within section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-2">(2)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-48-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the thing done by the vehicle that results in the act that would constitute the offence, in a case within section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-3">(3)</ref>.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-48-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The conditions are that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-48-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the authorised user-in-charge feature in question is engaged other than in the authorised locations and circumstances, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-48-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the user-in-charge has caused it to be so, or another person has to the knowledge of the user-in-charge caused it to be so, by deliberately interfering with equipment of the vehicle.</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-49"><num>49</num><heading>User-in-charge otherwise liable as driver</heading><subsection eId="section-49-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The user-in-charge of a vehicle is to be taken for the purposes of any enactment to be the driver of, and driving, the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-49-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-49-1">(1)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-49-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>does mean that (subject to section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref>) an enactment applies to the user-in-charge as it would apply to a driver who acted in the same way as the user-in-charge in fact acts, but</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-49-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>does not mean that any particular behaviour of the vehicle is to be treated as brought about by the user-in-charge when it is not in fact so brought about.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-49-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If an individual is for a time the user-in-charge of a vehicle but moves so as no longer to be in position to control the vehicle, this section continues to apply to the individual as it applies to a user-in-charge until—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-49-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>another individual becomes the user-in-charge of the vehicle or takes control of it, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-49-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the authorised user-in-charge feature is disengaged.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-49-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The user-in-charge of a vehicle is to be taken for the purposes of any enactment to be the driver of, and driving, the vehicle.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-49-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-49-1">(1)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-49-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>does mean that (subject to section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref>) an enactment applies to the user-in-charge as it would apply to a driver who acted in the same way as the user-in-charge in fact acts, but</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-49-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>does not mean that any particular behaviour of the vehicle is to be treated as brought about by the user-in-charge when it is not in fact so brought about.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-49-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If an individual is for a time the user-in-charge of a vehicle but moves so as no longer to be in position to control the vehicle, this section continues to apply to the individual as it applies to a user-in-charge until—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-49-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>another individual becomes the user-in-charge of the vehicle or takes control of it, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-49-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the authorised user-in-charge feature is disengaged.</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-50"><num>50</num><heading>Power to change or clarify existing traffic legislation</heading><subsection eId="section-50-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make provision for the purpose of changing or clarifying whether, how or in what circumstances a relevant enactment applies to the user-in-charge of a vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-50-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A “relevant enactment” is an enactment that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-50-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>was passed or made on or before the relevant day, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-50-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>relates to the driving or use of a vehicle.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-50-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Regulations under this section may amend any enactment passed or made on or before the relevant day.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-50-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make provision for the purpose of changing or clarifying whether, how or in what circumstances a relevant enactment applies to the user-in-charge of a vehicle.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-50-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A “relevant enactment” is an enactment that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-50-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>was passed or made on or before the relevant day, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-50-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>relates to the driving or use of a vehicle.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-50-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Regulations under this section may amend any enactment passed or made on or before the relevant day.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-51"><num>51</num><heading>Supplementary provision</heading><subsection eId="section-51-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An enactment passed or made after this Act is passed is to be read as subject to sections <ref href="#section-47">47</ref> to <ref href="#section-49">49</ref> unless a clear intention to the contrary appears.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-51-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person who seeks to rely on section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> in criminal proceedings must prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-51-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the individual concerned was a user-in-charge at the time in question, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-51-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>section <ref href="#section-48">48</ref><ref href="#section-48-1">(1)</ref> does not apply (unless the person also seeks to rely on section <ref href="#section-48">48</ref><ref href="#section-48-2">(2)</ref>).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-51-3"><num>(3)</num><content>A person who seeks to rely on section <ref href="#section-48">48</ref><ref href="#section-48-2">(2)</ref> in criminal proceedings must adduce sufficient evidence that it applies to raise an issue with respect to it; and if the person does so that provision is to be taken to apply unless the contrary is proved beyond reasonable doubt.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-51-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-51-5">(5)</ref> applies if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-51-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an automated vehicle authorisation is varied, suspended or withdrawn,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-51-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an individual could not reasonably be expected to know of the variation, suspension or withdrawal, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-51-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the individual uses a vehicle in reliance on the authorisation as it stood before the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-51-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Sections <ref href="#section-47">47</ref> to <ref href="#section-49">49</ref>, and regulations under section <ref href="#section-50">50</ref>, apply in respect of that use of the vehicle by the individual as if the variation, suspension or withdrawal had not occurred.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-51-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An enactment passed or made after this Act is passed is to be read as subject to sections <ref href="#section-47">47</ref> to <ref href="#section-49">49</ref> unless a clear intention to the contrary appears.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-51-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person who seeks to rely on section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref><ref href="#section-47-1">(1)</ref> in criminal proceedings must prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-51-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the individual concerned was a user-in-charge at the time in question, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-51-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>section <ref href="#section-48">48</ref><ref href="#section-48-1">(1)</ref> does not apply (unless the person also seeks to rely on section <ref href="#section-48">48</ref><ref href="#section-48-2">(2)</ref>).</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-51-3"><num>(3)</num><content>A person who seeks to rely on section <ref href="#section-48">48</ref><ref href="#section-48-2">(2)</ref> in criminal proceedings must adduce sufficient evidence that it applies to raise an issue with respect to it; and if the person does so that provision is to be taken to apply unless the contrary is proved beyond reasonable doubt.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-51-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-51-5">(5)</ref> applies if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-51-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an automated vehicle authorisation is varied, suspended or withdrawn,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-51-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an individual could not reasonably be expected to know of the variation, suspension or withdrawal, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-51-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the individual uses a vehicle in reliance on the authorisation as it stood before the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-51-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Sections <ref href="#section-47">47</ref> to <ref href="#section-49">49</ref>, and regulations under section <ref href="#section-50">50</ref>, apply in respect of that use of the vehicle by the individual as if the variation, suspension or withdrawal had not occurred.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-52"><num>52</num><heading>Interpretation</heading><subsection eId="section-52-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The following subsections apply for the purposes of this Chapter.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-52-2"><num>(2)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-user-in-charge" eId="term-user-in-charge">User-in-charge</term>” is to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-52-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The following terms have the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorisation-requirements" eId="term-authorisation-requirements">authorisation requirements</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-locations-and-circumstances" eId="term-authorised-locations-and-circumstances">authorised locations and circumstances</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature" eId="term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature">authorised user-in-charge feature</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-control" eId="term-control">control</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-controlling" eId="term-controlling">controlling</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-6">(6)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-equipment" eId="term-equipment">equipment</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-transition-demand" eId="term-transition-demand">transition demand</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-transition-period" eId="term-transition-period">transition period</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-varied" eId="term-varied">varied</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-variation" eId="term-variation">variation</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-1">(1)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>).</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-52-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-5">(5)</ref> (authorisation to determine when feature “engaged” or “disengaged”) applies as it applies for the purposes of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-52-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The “relevant day” is the final day of the session of Parliament in which this Act is passed.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-52-6"><num>(6)</num><content>Any conduct giving rise to liability to a penalty charge is to be regarded as conduct amounting to an offence.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-52-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The following subsections apply for the purposes of this Chapter.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-52-2"><num>(2)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-user-in-charge" eId="term-user-in-charge">User-in-charge</term>” is to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-52-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The following terms have the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorisation-requirements" eId="term-authorisation-requirements">authorisation requirements</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-locations-and-circumstances" eId="term-authorised-locations-and-circumstances">authorised locations and circumstances</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature" eId="term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature">authorised user-in-charge feature</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-control" eId="term-control">control</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-controlling" eId="term-controlling">controlling</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-6">(6)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-equipment" eId="term-equipment">equipment</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-transition-demand" eId="term-transition-demand">transition demand</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-transition-period" eId="term-transition-period">transition period</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-varied" eId="term-varied">varied</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-variation" eId="term-variation">variation</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-1">(1)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>).</content></hcontainer></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-52-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-5">(5)</ref> (authorisation to determine when feature “engaged” or “disengaged”) applies as it applies for the purposes of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-52-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The “relevant day” is the final day of the session of Parliament in which this Act is passed.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-52-6"><num>(6)</num><content>Any conduct giving rise to liability to a penalty charge is to be regarded as conduct amounting to an offence.</content></subsection>

<chapter xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:default="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" eId="part-2-chapter-2"><num>Chapter 2</num><heading>Offences</heading><section eId="section-53"><num>53</num><heading>Use of vehicle without driver or licensed oversight</heading><subsection eId="section-53-1"><num>(1)</num><content><mod>In the Road Traffic Act 1988, before the italic heading before section 35 insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock"><heading>Road vehicles used without human control</heading><section eId="d25e5410"><num>34B</num><heading>Using vehicle without driver or licensed oversight</heading><subsection eId="d25e5414"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person uses, or causes or permits another person to use, a road vehicle on a road or other public place,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="d25e5426"><num>(b)</num><intro>at any time while the vehicle is so used—</intro><level class="para2"><num>(i)</num><content>the vehicle is mechanically propelled, and</content></level><level class="para2"><num>(ii)</num><content>there is no individual who is exercising, or in position to exercise, control of the vehicle, and</content></level></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>subsection <ref href="#d25e5453">(2)</ref> does not apply.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="d25e5453"><num>(2)</num><intro>This subsection applies if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorised no-user-in-charge feature is engaged at all times when subsection <ref href="#d25e5414">(1)</ref><ref href="#d25e5426">(b)</ref> is satisfied, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the journey undertaken by the vehicle is overseen by a licensed no-user-in-charge operator.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><intro>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that, at the time of the acts said to constitute the offence, the person did not know, and could not reasonably have been expected to know, that—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the facts were, or would be, as described in subsection <ref href="#d25e5414">(1)</ref><ref href="#d25e5426">(b)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the facts were not, or would not be, as described in subsection <ref href="#d25e5453">(2)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(4)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#d25e5414">(1)</ref> does not apply to the use of a vehicle on a public place other than a road if the vehicle is designed primarily for a purpose other than—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the carriage of persons, or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the carriage of goods on roads.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(5)</num><content>Section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024 applies for the interpretation of this section as it applies for the interpretation of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> of that Act.</content></subsection><subsection><num>(6)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-road-vehicle">road vehicle</term>” means a mechanically propelled vehicle intended or adapted for use on roads.</content></subsection></section><section eId="d25e5547"><num>34C</num><heading>Causing death or serious injury by using vehicle without driver or licensed oversight</heading><subsection eId="d25e5551"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>while being used in the way that constitutes the offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref>, the vehicle causes the death of another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="d25e5575"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>while being used in the way that constitutes the offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref>, the vehicle causes serous injury to another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” has the meaning given by section 1A(2).</content></subsection></section></hcontainer></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-53-2"><num>(2)</num><content><mod>In Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988, at the appropriate places insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref></default:td><default:td>Using a road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>Summarily.</item><item><num>(b)</num>On indictment.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>On conviction in England and Wales: a period not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both.On conviction in Scotland: 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.</item><item><num>(b)</num>2 years or a fine or both.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td>Discretionary.</default:td><default:td>Discretionary.</default:td><default:td>6</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref><ref href="#d25e5551">(1)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing death by using a road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td>On indictment.</default:td><default:td>Imprisonment for life.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr><default:tr><default:td><ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref><ref href="#d25e5575">(2)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing serious injury by using a road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>Summarily.</item><item><num>(b)</num>On indictment.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>On conviction in England and Wales: a period not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both.On conviction in Scotland: 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.</item><item><num>(b)</num>5 years or a fine or both.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-53-3"><num>(3)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-3">Schedule 3</ref> makes amendments in connection with the preceding provisions of this section.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-54"><num>54</num><heading>Dangerous use etc</heading><subsection eId="section-54-1"><num>(1)</num><content><mod>After section 3A of the Road Traffic Act 1988 insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><section><num>3B</num><heading>Disapplication to user-in-charge of automated vehicle</heading><content>For the purposes of section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024 (user-in-charge of authorised automated vehicle not liable for manner of driving), any offence under the preceding sections is to be taken to be an offence arising from the way in which a vehicle is driven.</content></section><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock"><heading>Offences by users-in-charge of automated vehicles</heading><section eId="d25e5773"><num>3C</num><heading>Use of automated vehicle in dangerous state</heading><subsection eId="d25e5777"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is the user-in-charge of an authorised automated vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the vehicle is on a road or other public place, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>it would have been obvious to a competent and careful user of the vehicle, at the moment when the authorised user-in-charge feature in question was engaged, that the current state of the vehicle would make it dangerous to use it in the way in which it is being used.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(2)</num><content>Subsections (3) and (4) of section 2A apply, with the necessary adjustments, for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#d25e5777">(1)</ref> of this section as they apply for the purposes of subsection (2) of that section.</content></subsection></section><section eId="d25e5813"><num>3D</num><heading>Causing death, or serious injury, by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state</heading><subsection eId="d25e5817"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the use of the vehicle in its dangerous state causes the death of another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="d25e5838"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the use of the vehicle in its dangerous state causes serious injury to another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” has the meaning given by section 1A(2).</content></subsection><subsection><num>(4)</num><content>The references in this section to the use of the vehicle in its dangerous state are to the use, and state, of the vehicle that give rise to the offence under section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref>.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-54-2"><num>(2)</num><content><mod>After section 22A of the Road Traffic Act 1988 insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><section eId="d25e5887"><num>22B</num><heading>Causing danger to road-users resulting in automated vehicle killing or seriously injuring</heading><subsection><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section 22A, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the conduct constituting that offence causes an authorised automated vehicle to commit a traffic infraction, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>the commission of that traffic infraction causes the death of, or serious injury to, another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(2)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” has the meaning given by section 1A(2).</content></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><content>This section does not extend to Scotland.</content></subsection></section></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-54-3"><num>(3)</num><content><mod>In Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 (prosecution and punishment of offences under the Traffic Acts), at the appropriate places insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref></default:td><default:td>Use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>Summarily.</item><item><num>(b)</num>On indictment.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>On conviction in England and Wales: a period not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both.On conviction in Scotland: 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.</item><item><num>(b)</num>2 years or a fine or both.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref><ref href="#d25e5817">(1)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing death by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td>On indictment.</default:td><default:td>Imprisonment for life.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref><ref href="#d25e5838">(2)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing serious injury by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>Summarily.</item><item><num>(b)</num>On indictment.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>On conviction in England and Wales: a period not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both.On conviction in Scotland: 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.</item><item><num>(b)</num>5 years or a fine or both.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5887">22B</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing danger to road-users resulting in automated vehicle killing or seriously injuring.</default:td><default:td>On indictment.</default:td><default:td>14 years or a fine or both.</default:td><default:td/><default:td/><default:td/></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-54-4"><num>(4)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-3">Schedule 3</ref> makes amendments in connection with the preceding provisions of this section.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-55"><num>55</num><heading>Amendment of tampering offence</heading><intro>In section 25 of the Road Traffic Act 1988 (tampering with motor vehicles)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-55-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the existing text becomes subsection (1);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-55-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>after that subsection insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(2)</num><intro>For the purposes of subsection (1), the “mechanism” of a vehicle includes—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>any equipment in or on the vehicle designed to allow the motion of the vehicle to be controlled other than by an individual in the vehicle, or to facilitate its being so controlled, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>any software installed in, or other electronic information stored in, any such equipment.</content></level></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></content></level></section><section eId="section-56"><num>56</num><heading>Amendment of offence concerning fitting of unsuitable parts</heading><content><mod>In section 76 of the Road Traffic Act 1988 (fitting and supply of defective or unsuitable vehicle parts), at the end insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(11)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>references to a vehicle part include software (except in subsection (5)(a)), and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>references to fitting a vehicle part to a vehicle include installing software in, or otherwise making software interact with, a vehicle.</content></level></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></content></section></chapter>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:default="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" eId="section-53"><num>53</num><heading>Use of vehicle without driver or licensed oversight</heading><subsection eId="section-53-1"><num>(1)</num><content><mod>In the Road Traffic Act 1988, before the italic heading before section 35 insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock"><heading>Road vehicles used without human control</heading><section eId="d25e5410"><num>34B</num><heading>Using vehicle without driver or licensed oversight</heading><subsection eId="d25e5414"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person uses, or causes or permits another person to use, a road vehicle on a road or other public place,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="d25e5426"><num>(b)</num><intro>at any time while the vehicle is so used—</intro><level class="para2"><num>(i)</num><content>the vehicle is mechanically propelled, and</content></level><level class="para2"><num>(ii)</num><content>there is no individual who is exercising, or in position to exercise, control of the vehicle, and</content></level></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>subsection <ref href="#d25e5453">(2)</ref> does not apply.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="d25e5453"><num>(2)</num><intro>This subsection applies if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorised no-user-in-charge feature is engaged at all times when subsection <ref href="#d25e5414">(1)</ref><ref href="#d25e5426">(b)</ref> is satisfied, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the journey undertaken by the vehicle is overseen by a licensed no-user-in-charge operator.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><intro>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that, at the time of the acts said to constitute the offence, the person did not know, and could not reasonably have been expected to know, that—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the facts were, or would be, as described in subsection <ref href="#d25e5414">(1)</ref><ref href="#d25e5426">(b)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the facts were not, or would not be, as described in subsection <ref href="#d25e5453">(2)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(4)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#d25e5414">(1)</ref> does not apply to the use of a vehicle on a public place other than a road if the vehicle is designed primarily for a purpose other than—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the carriage of persons, or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the carriage of goods on roads.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(5)</num><content>Section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024 applies for the interpretation of this section as it applies for the interpretation of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> of that Act.</content></subsection><subsection><num>(6)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-road-vehicle">road vehicle</term>” means a mechanically propelled vehicle intended or adapted for use on roads.</content></subsection></section><section eId="d25e5547"><num>34C</num><heading>Causing death or serious injury by using vehicle without driver or licensed oversight</heading><subsection eId="d25e5551"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>while being used in the way that constitutes the offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref>, the vehicle causes the death of another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="d25e5575"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>while being used in the way that constitutes the offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref>, the vehicle causes serous injury to another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” has the meaning given by section 1A(2).</content></subsection></section></hcontainer></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-53-2"><num>(2)</num><content><mod>In Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988, at the appropriate places insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref></default:td><default:td>Using a road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>Summarily.</item><item><num>(b)</num>On indictment.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>On conviction in England and Wales: a period not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both.On conviction in Scotland: 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.</item><item><num>(b)</num>2 years or a fine or both.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td>Discretionary.</default:td><default:td>Discretionary.</default:td><default:td>6</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref><ref href="#d25e5551">(1)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing death by using a road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td>On indictment.</default:td><default:td>Imprisonment for life.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr><default:tr><default:td><ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref><ref href="#d25e5575">(2)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing serious injury by using a road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>Summarily.</item><item><num>(b)</num>On indictment.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>On conviction in England and Wales: a period not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both.On conviction in Scotland: 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.</item><item><num>(b)</num>5 years or a fine or both.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-53-3"><num>(3)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-3">Schedule 3</ref> makes amendments in connection with the preceding provisions of this section.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-53-1"><num>(1)</num><content><mod>In the Road Traffic Act 1988, before the italic heading before section 35 insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock"><heading>Road vehicles used without human control</heading><section eId="d25e5410"><num>34B</num><heading>Using vehicle without driver or licensed oversight</heading><subsection eId="d25e5414"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person uses, or causes or permits another person to use, a road vehicle on a road or other public place,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="d25e5426"><num>(b)</num><intro>at any time while the vehicle is so used—</intro><level class="para2"><num>(i)</num><content>the vehicle is mechanically propelled, and</content></level><level class="para2"><num>(ii)</num><content>there is no individual who is exercising, or in position to exercise, control of the vehicle, and</content></level></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>subsection <ref href="#d25e5453">(2)</ref> does not apply.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="d25e5453"><num>(2)</num><intro>This subsection applies if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorised no-user-in-charge feature is engaged at all times when subsection <ref href="#d25e5414">(1)</ref><ref href="#d25e5426">(b)</ref> is satisfied, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the journey undertaken by the vehicle is overseen by a licensed no-user-in-charge operator.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><intro>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that, at the time of the acts said to constitute the offence, the person did not know, and could not reasonably have been expected to know, that—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the facts were, or would be, as described in subsection <ref href="#d25e5414">(1)</ref><ref href="#d25e5426">(b)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the facts were not, or would not be, as described in subsection <ref href="#d25e5453">(2)</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(4)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#d25e5414">(1)</ref> does not apply to the use of a vehicle on a public place other than a road if the vehicle is designed primarily for a purpose other than—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the carriage of persons, or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the carriage of goods on roads.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(5)</num><content>Section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024 applies for the interpretation of this section as it applies for the interpretation of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> of that Act.</content></subsection><subsection><num>(6)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-road-vehicle">road vehicle</term>” means a mechanically propelled vehicle intended or adapted for use on roads.</content></subsection></section><section eId="d25e5547"><num>34C</num><heading>Causing death or serious injury by using vehicle without driver or licensed oversight</heading><subsection eId="d25e5551"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>while being used in the way that constitutes the offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref>, the vehicle causes the death of another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="d25e5575"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>while being used in the way that constitutes the offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref>, the vehicle causes serous injury to another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” has the meaning given by section 1A(2).</content></subsection></section></hcontainer></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:default="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" eId="section-53-2"><num>(2)</num><content><mod>In Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988, at the appropriate places insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref></default:td><default:td>Using a road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>Summarily.</item><item><num>(b)</num>On indictment.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>On conviction in England and Wales: a period not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both.On conviction in Scotland: 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.</item><item><num>(b)</num>2 years or a fine or both.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td>Discretionary.</default:td><default:td>Discretionary.</default:td><default:td>6</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref><ref href="#d25e5551">(1)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing death by using a road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td>On indictment.</default:td><default:td>Imprisonment for life.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr><default:tr><default:td><ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref><ref href="#d25e5575">(2)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing serious injury by using a road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>Summarily.</item><item><num>(b)</num>On indictment.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>On conviction in England and Wales: a period not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both.On conviction in Scotland: 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.</item><item><num>(b)</num>5 years or a fine or both.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-53-3"><num>(3)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-3">Schedule 3</ref> makes amendments in connection with the preceding provisions of this section.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:default="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" eId="section-54"><num>54</num><heading>Dangerous use etc</heading><subsection eId="section-54-1"><num>(1)</num><content><mod>After section 3A of the Road Traffic Act 1988 insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><section><num>3B</num><heading>Disapplication to user-in-charge of automated vehicle</heading><content>For the purposes of section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024 (user-in-charge of authorised automated vehicle not liable for manner of driving), any offence under the preceding sections is to be taken to be an offence arising from the way in which a vehicle is driven.</content></section><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock"><heading>Offences by users-in-charge of automated vehicles</heading><section eId="d25e5773"><num>3C</num><heading>Use of automated vehicle in dangerous state</heading><subsection eId="d25e5777"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is the user-in-charge of an authorised automated vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the vehicle is on a road or other public place, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>it would have been obvious to a competent and careful user of the vehicle, at the moment when the authorised user-in-charge feature in question was engaged, that the current state of the vehicle would make it dangerous to use it in the way in which it is being used.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(2)</num><content>Subsections (3) and (4) of section 2A apply, with the necessary adjustments, for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#d25e5777">(1)</ref> of this section as they apply for the purposes of subsection (2) of that section.</content></subsection></section><section eId="d25e5813"><num>3D</num><heading>Causing death, or serious injury, by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state</heading><subsection eId="d25e5817"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the use of the vehicle in its dangerous state causes the death of another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="d25e5838"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the use of the vehicle in its dangerous state causes serious injury to another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” has the meaning given by section 1A(2).</content></subsection><subsection><num>(4)</num><content>The references in this section to the use of the vehicle in its dangerous state are to the use, and state, of the vehicle that give rise to the offence under section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref>.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-54-2"><num>(2)</num><content><mod>After section 22A of the Road Traffic Act 1988 insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><section eId="d25e5887"><num>22B</num><heading>Causing danger to road-users resulting in automated vehicle killing or seriously injuring</heading><subsection><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section 22A, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the conduct constituting that offence causes an authorised automated vehicle to commit a traffic infraction, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>the commission of that traffic infraction causes the death of, or serious injury to, another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(2)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” has the meaning given by section 1A(2).</content></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><content>This section does not extend to Scotland.</content></subsection></section></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-54-3"><num>(3)</num><content><mod>In Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 (prosecution and punishment of offences under the Traffic Acts), at the appropriate places insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref></default:td><default:td>Use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" 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ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref><ref href="#d25e5817">(1)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing death by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td>On indictment.</default:td><default:td>Imprisonment for life.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref><ref href="#d25e5838">(2)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing serious injury by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>Summarily.</item><item><num>(b)</num>On indictment.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>On conviction in England and Wales: a period not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both.On conviction in Scotland: 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.</item><item><num>(b)</num>5 years or a fine or both.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5887">22B</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing danger to road-users resulting in automated vehicle killing or seriously injuring.</default:td><default:td>On indictment.</default:td><default:td>14 years or a fine or both.</default:td><default:td/><default:td/><default:td/></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-54-4"><num>(4)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-3">Schedule 3</ref> makes amendments in connection with the preceding provisions of this section.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-54-1"><num>(1)</num><content><mod>After section 3A of the Road Traffic Act 1988 insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><section><num>3B</num><heading>Disapplication to user-in-charge of automated vehicle</heading><content>For the purposes of section <ref href="#section-47">47</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024 (user-in-charge of authorised automated vehicle not liable for manner of driving), any offence under the preceding sections is to be taken to be an offence arising from the way in which a vehicle is driven.</content></section><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock"><heading>Offences by users-in-charge of automated vehicles</heading><section eId="d25e5773"><num>3C</num><heading>Use of automated vehicle in dangerous state</heading><subsection eId="d25e5777"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person is the user-in-charge of an authorised automated vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the vehicle is on a road or other public place, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>it would have been obvious to a competent and careful user of the vehicle, at the moment when the authorised user-in-charge feature in question was engaged, that the current state of the vehicle would make it dangerous to use it in the way in which it is being used.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(2)</num><content>Subsections (3) and (4) of section 2A apply, with the necessary adjustments, for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#d25e5777">(1)</ref> of this section as they apply for the purposes of subsection (2) of that section.</content></subsection></section><section eId="d25e5813"><num>3D</num><heading>Causing death, or serious injury, by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state</heading><subsection eId="d25e5817"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the use of the vehicle in its dangerous state causes the death of another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="d25e5838"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the use of the vehicle in its dangerous state causes serious injury to another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” has the meaning given by section 1A(2).</content></subsection><subsection><num>(4)</num><content>The references in this section to the use of the vehicle in its dangerous state are to the use, and state, of the vehicle that give rise to the offence under section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref>.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-54-2"><num>(2)</num><content><mod>After section 22A of the Road Traffic Act 1988 insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><section eId="d25e5887"><num>22B</num><heading>Causing danger to road-users resulting in automated vehicle killing or seriously injuring</heading><subsection><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the person commits an offence under section 22A, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>the conduct constituting that offence causes an authorised automated vehicle to commit a traffic infraction, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>the commission of that traffic infraction causes the death of, or serious injury to, another person.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(2)</num><content>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-serious-injury">serious injury</term>” has the meaning given by section 1A(2).</content></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><content>This section does not extend to Scotland.</content></subsection></section></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:default="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" eId="section-54-3"><num>(3)</num><content><mod>In Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 (prosecution and punishment of offences under the Traffic Acts), at the appropriate places insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref></default:td><default:td>Use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>Summarily.</item><item><num>(b)</num>On indictment.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>On conviction in England and Wales: a period not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both.On conviction in Scotland: 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.</item><item><num>(b)</num>2 years or a fine or both.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref><ref href="#d25e5817">(1)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing death by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td>On indictment.</default:td><default:td>Imprisonment for life.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref><ref href="#d25e5838">(2)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing serious injury by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>Summarily.</item><item><num>(b)</num>On indictment.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td><blockList xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="ordered alpha parens" ukl:Name="OrderedList" ukl:Type="alpha" ukl:Decoration="parens"><item><num>(a)</num>On conviction in England and Wales: a period not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both.On conviction in Scotland: 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.</item><item><num>(b)</num>5 years or a fine or both.</item></blockList></default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3-11</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:10%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:17%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:16%"/><default:col style="width:7%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5887">22B</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing danger to road-users resulting in automated vehicle killing or seriously injuring.</default:td><default:td>On indictment.</default:td><default:td>14 years or a fine or both.</default:td><default:td/><default:td/><default:td/></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure></mod></content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-54-4"><num>(4)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-3">Schedule 3</ref> makes amendments in connection with the preceding provisions of this section.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-55"><num>55</num><heading>Amendment of tampering offence</heading><intro>In section 25 of the Road Traffic Act 1988 (tampering with motor vehicles)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-55-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the existing text becomes subsection (1);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-55-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>after that subsection insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(2)</num><intro>For the purposes of subsection (1), the “mechanism” of a vehicle includes—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>any equipment in or on the vehicle designed to allow the motion of the vehicle to be controlled other than by an individual in the vehicle, or to facilitate its being so controlled, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>any software installed in, or other electronic information stored in, any such equipment.</content></level></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></content></level></section>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-56"><num>56</num><heading>Amendment of offence concerning fitting of unsuitable parts</heading><content><mod>In section 76 of the Road Traffic Act 1988 (fitting and supply of defective or unsuitable vehicle parts), at the end insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(11)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>references to a vehicle part include software (except in subsection (5)(a)), and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>references to fitting a vehicle part to a vehicle include installing software in, or otherwise making software interact with, a vehicle.</content></level></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></content></section>

<part xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="part-3"><num>Part 3</num><heading>Policing and investigation</heading><chapter eId="part-3-chapter-1"><num>Chapter 1</num><heading>Stopping and seizure</heading><section eId="section-57"><num>57</num><heading>Application of stopping powers etc</heading><subsection eId="section-57-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-57-2">(2)</ref> applies in circumstances where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-57-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person suspects that a vehicle is travelling while an authorised automation feature is engaged, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>assuming the vehicle was being driven by an individual, the person would have the power under an enactment (whenever passed or made) to direct the driver to stop the vehicle or act in any other way.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The person may by an appropriate communication with equipment of the vehicle make any direction that could be given to a driver of the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-3"><num>(3)</num><content>For that purpose a communication is “appropriate” if it is a communication that equipment of the vehicle could reasonably be expected to receive and react to.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In determining whether subsection <ref href="#section-57-3">(3)</ref> is satisfied, regard is to be had to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-57-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>any relevant authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the design and intended function of the equipment.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-5"><num>(5)</num><content>For the purpose of determining whether a vehicle has committed a traffic infraction, a direction made in accordance with subsection <ref href="#section-57-2">(2)</ref> has effect as if it were a direction given to a driver of the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>But a vehicle with an authorised user-in-charge feature does not commit a traffic infraction by not complying with the direction if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-57-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the vehicle immediately issues a transition demand,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the end of the transition period, equipment of the vehicle communicates the substance of the direction to the user-in-charge in a way that the user-in-charge could be expected to understand, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>that way of responding to the direction does not breach authorisation requirements.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A direction the substance of which is communicated as described in subsection <ref href="#section-57-6">(6)</ref><ref href="#section-57-6-b">(b)</ref> (and in a way that does not breach authorisation requirements) is effective against the user-in-charge as soon as—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-57-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the user-in-charge assumes control of the vehicle, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>(if earlier) the transition period ends,</content></level><wrapUp>as if it had been given to that individual as the driver.</wrapUp></subsection></section><section eId="section-58"><num>58</num><heading>Seizure and detention</heading><subsection eId="section-58-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>An authorised officer may seize and detain a road vehicle (using reasonable force to do so) if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>it appears to the officer that the vehicle is travelling, is about to travel or has recently travelled on a road or other public place, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>subsections <ref href="#section-58-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-58-3">(3)</ref> are satisfied.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>This subsection is satisfied if the authorised officer reasonably suspects that the journey of the vehicle involves, is likely to involve, or did involve—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref> of the Road Traffic Act 1988,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the commission of a traffic infraction by the vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the vehicle travelling without an individual exercising, or in position to exercise, control of it on a road or other public place on which it is hazardous or unsuitable for the vehicle to travel in that way, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the vehicle otherwise behaving in a way that presents a risk of danger or inconvenience to the public while present on a road or other public place without an individual in control of it.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>This subsection is satisfied if the authorised officer reasonably thinks it necessary to seize and detain the vehicle in order to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>prevent or halt the commission of an offence or a traffic infraction,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>prevent or halt a risk of danger or of inconvenience to the public, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>enable enquiries to be made with a view to identifying—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-58-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the owner, registered keeper, user, or person in charge of the vehicle,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-58-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>the authorised self-driving entity for the vehicle, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-58-3-c-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>the licensed no-user-in-charge operator by whom the journey of the vehicle is, would be or was overseen.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision about what is to happen after a vehicle has been seized and detained under this section; and the power in subsection <ref href="#section-58-1">(1)</ref> may not be exercised unless such regulations are in force.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-58-4">(4)</ref> must be designed with a view to securing that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the owner of the vehicle has a reasonable opportunity to find out that it has been detained and recover it, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the vehicle is properly stored in the meantime.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-58-5">(5)</ref><ref href="#section-58-5-a">(a)</ref> does not prevent the regulations from—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>making the recovery of the vehicle conditional on the payment of any applicable charges in respect of its removal or storage (see subsection <ref href="#section-58-7">(7)</ref><ref href="#section-58-7-a">(a)</ref>),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-6-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>conferring a power to keep the vehicle in detention pending the completion of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-58-6-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>enquiries of a sort referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-58-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-58-3-c">(c)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-58-6-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>investigations or proceedings arising from the matters in connection with which the vehicle was seized (including proceedings for the imposition of a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice under <ref href="#part-1-chapter-5">Chapter 5</ref> of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>), or</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>making the ability to recover the vehicle subject to any power existing apart from this section under which the vehicle could be kept in detention.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-58-4">(4)</ref> may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>require the owner of the vehicle to pay charges in respect of the removal, storage or disposal of the vehicle;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>(subject to subsection <ref href="#section-58-5">(5)</ref><ref href="#section-58-5-a">(a)</ref>) provide for the disposal of the vehicle;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>make provision about the destination of any proceeds of such a disposal;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-7-d"><num>(d)</num><content>provide for a person to be treated as, or presumed to be, the owner of the vehicle for the purposes of the regulations (in which case the references to the owner in subsection <ref href="#section-58-5">(5)</ref> and paragraph <ref href="#section-58-7-a">(a)</ref> are to be read accordingly).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-authorised-officer" eId="term-authorised-officer">authorised officer</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a constable, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an examiner appointed under section 66A of the Road Traffic Act 1988.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>The power in subsection <ref href="#section-58-1">(1)</ref> does not extend to directing the driver of a vehicle to stop it; but—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a constable in uniform, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-9-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a stopping officer appointed under section 66B of the Road Traffic Act 1988,</content></level><wrapUp>may make such a direction with a view to the exercise of the power in subsection <ref href="#section-58-1">(1)</ref>.</wrapUp></subsection></section><section eId="section-59"><num>59</num><heading>Interpretation</heading><subsection eId="section-59-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies for the purposes of this Chapter.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-59-2"><num>(2)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-direction" eId="term-direction">Direction</term>” includes any form of instruction or requirement (and “direct” is to be read accordingly).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-59-3"><num>(3)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-registered-keeper" eId="term-registered-keeper">Registered keeper</term>” means the person in whose name a vehicle is registered under the Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-59-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The following terms have the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorisation-requirements" eId="term-authorisation-requirements">authorisation requirements</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automation-feature" eId="term-authorised-automation-feature">authorised automation feature</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-self-driving-entity" eId="term-authorised-self-driving-entity">authorised self-driving entity</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature" eId="term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature">authorised user-in-charge feature</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-control" eId="term-control">control</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-6">(6)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-equipment" eId="term-equipment">equipment</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator" eId="term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator">licensed no-user-in-charge operator</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-operator-licensing-regulations" eId="term-operator-licensing-regulations">operator licensing regulations</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-overseen" eId="term-overseen">overseen</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref><ref href="#section-12-3">(3)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-transition-demand" eId="term-transition-demand">transition demand</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-transition-period" eId="term-transition-period">transition period</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>).</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-59-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-44-2">(2)</ref> (commission of traffic infraction by vehicle) and <ref href="#section-44-5">(5)</ref> (authorisation to determine when feature “engaged” or “disengaged”) of section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref> apply as they apply for the purposes of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-59-6"><num>(6)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-user-in-charge" eId="term-user-in-charge">User-in-charge</term>” is to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>.</content></subsection></section></chapter><chapter eId="part-3-chapter-2"><num>Chapter 2</num><heading>Investigation of incidents by statutory inspectors</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-3-chapter-2-crossheading-authorised-automated-vehicle-incident-inspectors"><heading>Authorised automated vehicle incident inspectors</heading><section eId="section-60"><num>60</num><heading>The role of inspector</heading><subsection eId="section-60-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must appoint one or more persons as inspectors of automated vehicle incidents.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-60-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An inspector—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-60-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>must be a person serving in the civil service of the State,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-60-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>is to hold the role of inspector on such terms as the Secretary of State determines, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-60-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>is to exercise the functions of an inspector under the direction and control of any other inspector who, under arrangements made by the Secretary of State, is of a senior rank.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-60-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about how the functions of an inspector are to be exercised.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-61"><num>61</num><heading>Purpose of inspectors</heading><subsection eId="section-61-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The main purpose of the role of inspector is that of identifying, improving understanding of, and reducing the risks of harm arising from the use of authorised automated vehicles on roads in Great Britain.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-61-2"><num>(2)</num><content>It is no part of that purpose to establish blame or liability on the part of any person in relation to a particular incident.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-61-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The functions conferred by this Chapter are to be exercised in view of that purpose.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-3-chapter-2-crossheading-investigations"><heading>Investigations</heading><section eId="section-62"><num>62</num><heading>General power to investigate certain incidents</heading><subsection eId="section-62-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If a relevant incident occurs, an inspector may carry out an investigation in order to try to determine what caused it (but not to determine blame or liability).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-62-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An incident is a relevant incident if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occurs on a road in Great Britain,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>arises out of the presence of an authorised automated vehicle on that road,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>causes or has the potential to cause damage to a person or property, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>is not of a kind specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-62-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>An incident is also a relevant incident if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-62-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occurs in Great Britain,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>involves an authorised automated vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>either—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-62-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>would fall within subsection <ref href="#section-62-2">(2)</ref> if it occurred on a road, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-62-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>could lead to the occurrence of an incident within subsection <ref href="#section-62-2">(2)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-62-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Nothing in sections <ref href="#section-63">63</ref> to <ref href="#section-65">65</ref> limits what an inspector may do for the purposes of an investigation without relying on powers of coercion.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-63"><num>63</num><heading>Powers in respect of persons</heading><subsection eId="section-63-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If an inspector considers it necessary for the purposes of an investigation, the inspector may require a person—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-63-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>to provide to the inspector, or allow the inspector access to, information, items or material in any manner the inspector considers appropriate;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-63-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>not to access, disturb, move or alter anything specified by the inspector.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-63-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may make regulations authorising an inspector to require a person to provide other forms of assistance for the purposes of an investigation.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-64"><num>64</num><heading>Powers in respect of premises</heading><subsection eId="section-64-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If an inspector considers it necessary for the purposes of an investigation, the inspector may exercise the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> in respect of any premises.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The powers in this subsection are powers to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>enter the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>search the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>examine any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises (including by operating a computer or other device in order to gain access to information);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>seize any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises and remove it;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises, or any information contained in or accessible by means of any such document, equipment, item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-f"><num>(f)</num><intro>require any person on the premises to provide information or assistance for the purpose of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-2-f-i"><num>(i)</num><content>enabling or facilitating the exercise of the preceding powers, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-2-f-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allowing anything inspected, seized or recorded in the exercise of those powers to be better understood.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An inspector may not exercise the power to seize and remove something unless the inspector considers that exercising the power to record it would be insufficient.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-4"><num>(4)</num><content>An inspector may take other persons, equipment and materials onto premises for the purposes of assisting in the exercise of the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person so taken onto the premises may also exercise those powers on behalf of the inspector if the person is in the company, and under the supervision, of the inspector.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-6"><num>(6)</num><content>An inspector or other person exercising the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> may use reasonable force if necessary (except to enforce a requirement under subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-29-1-f">(f)</ref>), but only if accompanied by a constable.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> may only be exercised in accordance with a warrant issued by a justice of the peace, unless the inspector considers that the exercise of the powers is urgent and that waiting to seek consent or a warrant would undermine the investigation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>A warrant under subsection <ref href="#section-64-7">(7)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-64-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>may be granted only if the justice of the peace is satisfied, on the basis of information or evidence given on oath by an inspector, that it is necessary for the purposes of the investigation to exercise the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> in respect of the premises,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-8-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>authorises the exercise of those powers—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>only at a reasonable hour,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>only within a period of one month beginning with the day on which it is issued, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>only on one occasion, unless the warrant specifies a greater number of occasions, and</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>may be granted subject to further conditions or limitations</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>An inspector who enters premises under this section—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>must produce, on request by any person appearing to be in charge of the premises, proof of identity and of authority;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>if the entry is made under warrant—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>must give a copy of the warrant to any person appearing to be in charge of the premises at the earliest opportunity (if possible before entering the premises),</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>if no such copy is given during the period of entry on the premises, must leave a copy of the warrant in a prominent place on the premises, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>must return the warrant to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement summarising the exercise of the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref>;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if no person appearing to be in charge of the premises is present, must leave the premises as effectively secured against trespassers as the inspector found them;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-d"><num>(d)</num><content>must make and retain a written record of the powers exercised in respect of the premises.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-10"><num>(10)</num><content>The Secretary of State must arrange for the publication of information on the exercise of the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> at such intervals as seem appropriate.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-11"><num>(11)</num><content>If a warrant under subsection <ref href="#section-64-7">(7)</ref> is not executed, an inspector must return it to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement stating that it was not executed.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-12"><num>(12)</num><content>References in this section to a justice of the peace include a sheriff in Scotland.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-65"><num>65</num><heading>Powers in respect of road traffic</heading><subsection eId="section-65-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>An inspector may for the purposes of an investigation—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-65-1-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>direct a person driving or propelling a vehicle, or riding an animal, on a road to—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-65-1-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>stop the vehicle or animal, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-65-1-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>make it proceed in, or keep to, a particular line of traffic;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-65-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>direct a person proceeding on foot on or immediately adjacent to a road to stop.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-65-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Such a direction may be made by placing a traffic sign—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-65-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on the road,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-65-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>immediately adjacent to the road, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-65-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on any structure on the road or immediately adjacent to the road.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-65-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The inspector must remove such a sign by the end of the period of seven days beginning with the day it was placed; and a sign remaining in place after the end of that period no longer has effect.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-66"><num>66</num><heading>Offences of impeding investigation</heading><subsection eId="section-66-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if the person—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-66-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>intentionally obstructs a person in the exercise of the powers conferred by or under section <ref href="#section-63">63</ref>, <ref href="#section-64">64</ref> or <ref href="#section-65">65</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with a requirement made of the person in the exercise of those powers, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in response to such a requirement, makes a statement that is false or misleading in a material respect, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A person commits an offence if the person impersonates an inspector and purports to be carrying out an investigation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-3"><num>(3)</num><content>A person commits an offence if the person fails to comply with a direction under section <ref href="#section-65">65</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-66-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-66-2">(2)</ref> is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-66-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-66-3">(3)</ref> is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-6"><num>(6)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-4">Schedule 4</ref> makes amendments in connection with the offence in subsection <ref href="#section-66-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-67"><num>67</num><heading>Application to police officers</heading><subsection eId="section-67-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An inspector may exercise a power under sections <ref href="#section-63">63</ref> to <ref href="#section-65">65</ref> in relation to a constable as in relation to any other person, subject to regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-67-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-67-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-67-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an inspector may require a constable to provide information, items or material held by the constable or by the force or body to which the constable belongs in connection with an investigation conducted by the constable, force or body;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-67-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>where a constable is investigating an incident that an inspector is also investigating, the inspector may require the constable to—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>allow the inspector access to a place where the constable is investigating;</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allow the inspector access to information, items or material relevant to the inspector’s investigation;</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>allow the inspector to interview a witness to the incident (including a person suspected of committing an offence in connection with the incident) in advance of any other interview of that witness.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-67-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may by regulations specify circumstances in which—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-67-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an inspector may not exercise a power in relation to a constable;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-67-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a constable is not required to comply with a requirement of an inspector;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-67-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a constable does not commit an offence under section <ref href="#section-66">66</ref>.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-68"><num>68</num><heading>Report of findings</heading><subsection eId="section-68-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An inspector must report any findings of an investigation to the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-68-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A report under this section is not prevented by section <ref href="#section-61">61</ref><ref href="#section-61-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-62">62</ref><ref href="#section-62-1">(1)</ref> from making a finding from which blame or liability could be inferred (although it may not express an opinion on such blame or liability).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-68-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about reports under this section.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-68-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular, make provision as to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the form a report is to take;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the time by which a report must be made;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the circumstances in which a report must or must not make a recommendation;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-d"><num>(d)</num><content>whether and how interested persons are to be given the opportunity to comment on a draft report;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-e"><num>(e)</num><content>publication of reports;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-f"><num>(f)</num><content>the admissibility of reports in judicial proceedings;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-g"><num>(g)</num><content>how an inspector is to monitor and take action further to the recommendations in a report.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-69"><num>69</num><heading>Appointment of additional persons to exercise investigatory powers</heading><subsection eId="section-69-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-69-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>requiring or permitting an inspector to appoint a person to conduct or participate in an investigation;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-69-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>conferring on such a person a power of an inspector for the purposes of an investigation.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-69-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A person given functions by regulations under this section is to exercise them on behalf of the Crown (and, in particular, is to be taken in respect of those functions to be an officer of the Crown for the purposes of the Crown Proceedings Act 1947).</content></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-3-chapter-2-crossheading-supplementary-powers"><heading>Supplementary powers</heading><section eId="section-70"><num>70</num><heading>Additional power in respect of information and material</heading><subsection eId="section-70-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may make regulations requiring a person to provide to an inspector, or allow an inspector access to, information, items or material other than in response to a requirement made under section <ref href="#section-63">63</ref>, in such manner as is specified in the regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-70-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Regulations under this section must specify the purpose for which the information, items or material is or are to be provided (which must be purposes of an investigation or of any other function of an inspector).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-70-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Regulations under this section may create an offence (see further section <ref href="#section-76">76</ref>).</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-71"><num>71</num><heading>Obtaining reports from police</heading><subsection eId="section-71-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, require a chief officer of police to report to an inspector incidents which—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-71-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occur in the area of the chief officer’s police force, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-71-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>are of a description set out in the regulations.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-71-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Regulations under this section may limit the requirement to cases in which an inspector requests a report.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-71-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Regulations under this section must be framed with the intention that only relevant incidents, or incidents that may be found to be relevant incidents, will be reported.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-71-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Regulations under this section may contain provision about the timing, form and contents of reports.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-72"><num>72</num><heading>Ancillary functions</heading><subsection eId="section-72-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>An inspector may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-72-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>produce and publish information about the safety of authorised automated vehicles or about investigations;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>support the functions of a person within subsection <ref href="#section-72-3">(3)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-1-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>assist any other person in or outside the United Kingdom, with or without charge, in doing anything that the inspector considers would contribute to—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-72-1-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the purpose in section <ref href="#section-61">61</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-72-1-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an equivalent purpose outside Great Britain;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>carry out such other functions as the inspector considers would contribute to such a purpose.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-72-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-72-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>requiring an inspector to exercise a power in subsection <ref href="#section-72-1">(1)</ref> in such manner as is specified in the regulations;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>limiting the manner in which any such power may be exercised.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-72-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The persons referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-72-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-72-1-b">(b)</ref> are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person appointed as an inspector of marine accidents under section 267 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a person responsible for the investigation of accidents arising out of or in the course of air navigation under regulations made under section 75 of the Civil Aviation Act 1982;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a person appointed as an inspector of rail accidents under section 3 of the Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>a person responsible for the investigation of accidents arising out of or in the course of spaceflight activities under regulations made under section 20 of the Space Industry Act 2018;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>any other person an inspector considers to have functions corresponding to those of an inspector, or a person within the preceding paragraphs, whether in or outside the United Kingdom.</content></level></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-3-chapter-2-crossheading-supplementary-provision"><heading>Supplementary provision</heading><section eId="section-73"><num>73</num><heading>Protection of information</heading><subsection eId="section-73-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies in relation to information obtained by an inspector in connection with the inspector’s functions.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>provision authorising the inspector to disclose the information to another person for a purpose specified in the regulations;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>other provision about how the information is to be dealt with.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>permit or require the retention or destruction of the information;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>disapply any power under an enactment that might otherwise be used to obtain the information;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>make provision about the admissibility in judicial proceedings of the information;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>confer jurisdiction on a court or tribunal.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-73-5">(5)</ref> applies to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the inspector,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any person who obtains the information on behalf of the inspector, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>any person who obtains the information directly or indirectly from the inspector (other than by way of publication).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>It is an offence for the person to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to any other person, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained,</content></level><wrapUp>except as authorised by or under this Part or any other enactment.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>But it is a defence to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person who provided the information to the inspector consented to the disclosure or use,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person to whom subsection <ref href="#section-73-5">(5)</ref> applies reasonably believed that the disclosure or use was lawful, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a disclosure, that the information had already lawfully been disclosed to the other person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-73-5">(5)</ref> is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-74"><num>74</num><heading>Further provision about physical evidence</heading><subsection eId="section-74-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies in relation to an item or material obtained by an inspector under section <ref href="#section-63">63</ref> or <ref href="#section-64">64</ref> or regulations under section <ref href="#section-70">70</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-74-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The inspector must, on request by the person from whom the item or material is obtained—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-74-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>give a receipt for the item or material, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a document readily capable of being copied, give a copy of it.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-74-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The item or material may be retained in the possession of the inspector for so long as the inspector considers necessary for the purposes for which it was obtained.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-74-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>An inspector may for those purposes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-74-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>examine the item or material (using reasonable force if necessary), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any information obtained from the item or material.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-74-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about how items or material obtained by an inspector in connection with the inspector’s functions are to be dealt with.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-74-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>authorise the retention or use of an item or material for purposes other than those for which it was obtained;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>authorise the delivery of an item or material to a person other than its owner;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>authorise the destruction of an item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-d"><num>(d)</num><content>make provision about the admissibility in judicial proceedings of evidence relating to an item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-e"><num>(e)</num><content>create an offence (see further section <ref href="#section-76">76</ref>);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-f"><num>(f)</num><content>confer jurisdiction on a court or tribunal.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-75"><num>75</num><heading>Expenses</heading><subsection eId="section-75-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations entitling—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-75-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the Secretary of State to recover from any other person, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-75-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any other person (including an inspector) to recover from the Secretary of State,</content></level><wrapUp>expenses, costs or losses incurred in, or in connection with, the exercise of an inspector’s functions.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-75-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Regulations under this section may confer jurisdiction on a court or tribunal.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-76"><num>76</num><heading>Offences under regulations</heading><subsection eId="section-76-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Where regulations under this Chapter create an offence, they may provide for the offence to be triable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-76-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>only summarily, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>summarily or on indictment.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-76-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Where the regulations provide for the offence to be triable only summarily, they may provide for the offence to be punishable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-76-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding the maximum term for summary offences or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale (or both);</content></level><wrapUp>or (in either case) by any lesser punishment.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-76-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Where the regulations provide for the offence to be triable summarily or on indictment, they may provide for the offence to be punishable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-76-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both);</content></level><wrapUp>or (in any of those cases) by any lesser punishment.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-76-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-82-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-82-2-a">(a)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-the-maximum-term-for-summary-offences" eId="term-the-maximum-term-for-summary-offences">the maximum term for summary offences</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-76-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>if the offence is committed before the time when section 281(5) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 comes into force, six months;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>if the offence is committed after that time, 51 weeks.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-77"><num>77</num><heading>Interpretation</heading><intro>In this Chapter—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automated-vehicle" eId="term-authorised-automated-vehicle">authorised automated vehicle</term>” includes a vehicle that has been, but is no longer, an authorised automated vehicle within the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-94">94</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-dwelling" eId="term-dwelling">dwelling</term>” means any premises wholly or mainly used as a place of residence (and includes any garden, yard, outhouse or other appurtenance which is not used in common by the occupants of multiple such premises);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-inspector" eId="term-inspector">inspector</term>” means an inspector appointed under section 60, and also includes, in relation to the exercise of a power further to regulations under section <ref href="#section-69">69</ref><ref href="#section-69-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-69-1-b">(b)</ref>, the person exercising that power;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-investigation" eId="term-investigation">investigation</term>” means an investigation under section <ref href="#section-62">62</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-premises" eId="term-premises">premises</term>” includes any land;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-relevant-incident" eId="term-relevant-incident">relevant incident</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-62">62</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-traffic-sign" eId="term-traffic-sign">traffic sign</term>” has the meaning given by section 64(1) of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984.</content></hcontainer></section></hcontainer></chapter></part>

<chapter xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="part-3-chapter-1"><num>Chapter 1</num><heading>Stopping and seizure</heading><section eId="section-57"><num>57</num><heading>Application of stopping powers etc</heading><subsection eId="section-57-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-57-2">(2)</ref> applies in circumstances where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-57-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person suspects that a vehicle is travelling while an authorised automation feature is engaged, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>assuming the vehicle was being driven by an individual, the person would have the power under an enactment (whenever passed or made) to direct the driver to stop the vehicle or act in any other way.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The person may by an appropriate communication with equipment of the vehicle make any direction that could be given to a driver of the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-3"><num>(3)</num><content>For that purpose a communication is “appropriate” if it is a communication that equipment of the vehicle could reasonably be expected to receive and react to.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In determining whether subsection <ref href="#section-57-3">(3)</ref> is satisfied, regard is to be had to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-57-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>any relevant authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the design and intended function of the equipment.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-5"><num>(5)</num><content>For the purpose of determining whether a vehicle has committed a traffic infraction, a direction made in accordance with subsection <ref href="#section-57-2">(2)</ref> has effect as if it were a direction given to a driver of the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>But a vehicle with an authorised user-in-charge feature does not commit a traffic infraction by not complying with the direction if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-57-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the vehicle immediately issues a transition demand,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the end of the transition period, equipment of the vehicle communicates the substance of the direction to the user-in-charge in a way that the user-in-charge could be expected to understand, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>that way of responding to the direction does not breach authorisation requirements.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A direction the substance of which is communicated as described in subsection <ref href="#section-57-6">(6)</ref><ref href="#section-57-6-b">(b)</ref> (and in a way that does not breach authorisation requirements) is effective against the user-in-charge as soon as—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-57-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the user-in-charge assumes control of the vehicle, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>(if earlier) the transition period ends,</content></level><wrapUp>as if it had been given to that individual as the driver.</wrapUp></subsection></section><section eId="section-58"><num>58</num><heading>Seizure and detention</heading><subsection eId="section-58-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>An authorised officer may seize and detain a road vehicle (using reasonable force to do so) if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>it appears to the officer that the vehicle is travelling, is about to travel or has recently travelled on a road or other public place, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>subsections <ref href="#section-58-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-58-3">(3)</ref> are satisfied.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>This subsection is satisfied if the authorised officer reasonably suspects that the journey of the vehicle involves, is likely to involve, or did involve—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref> of the Road Traffic Act 1988,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the commission of a traffic infraction by the vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the vehicle travelling without an individual exercising, or in position to exercise, control of it on a road or other public place on which it is hazardous or unsuitable for the vehicle to travel in that way, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the vehicle otherwise behaving in a way that presents a risk of danger or inconvenience to the public while present on a road or other public place without an individual in control of it.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>This subsection is satisfied if the authorised officer reasonably thinks it necessary to seize and detain the vehicle in order to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>prevent or halt the commission of an offence or a traffic infraction,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>prevent or halt a risk of danger or of inconvenience to the public, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>enable enquiries to be made with a view to identifying—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-58-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the owner, registered keeper, user, or person in charge of the vehicle,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-58-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>the authorised self-driving entity for the vehicle, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-58-3-c-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>the licensed no-user-in-charge operator by whom the journey of the vehicle is, would be or was overseen.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision about what is to happen after a vehicle has been seized and detained under this section; and the power in subsection <ref href="#section-58-1">(1)</ref> may not be exercised unless such regulations are in force.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-58-4">(4)</ref> must be designed with a view to securing that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the owner of the vehicle has a reasonable opportunity to find out that it has been detained and recover it, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the vehicle is properly stored in the meantime.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-58-5">(5)</ref><ref href="#section-58-5-a">(a)</ref> does not prevent the regulations from—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>making the recovery of the vehicle conditional on the payment of any applicable charges in respect of its removal or storage (see subsection <ref href="#section-58-7">(7)</ref><ref href="#section-58-7-a">(a)</ref>),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-6-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>conferring a power to keep the vehicle in detention pending the completion of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-58-6-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>enquiries of a sort referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-58-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-58-3-c">(c)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-58-6-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>investigations or proceedings arising from the matters in connection with which the vehicle was seized (including proceedings for the imposition of a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice under <ref href="#part-1-chapter-5">Chapter 5</ref> of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>), or</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>making the ability to recover the vehicle subject to any power existing apart from this section under which the vehicle could be kept in detention.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-58-4">(4)</ref> may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>require the owner of the vehicle to pay charges in respect of the removal, storage or disposal of the vehicle;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>(subject to subsection <ref href="#section-58-5">(5)</ref><ref href="#section-58-5-a">(a)</ref>) provide for the disposal of the vehicle;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>make provision about the destination of any proceeds of such a disposal;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-7-d"><num>(d)</num><content>provide for a person to be treated as, or presumed to be, the owner of the vehicle for the purposes of the regulations (in which case the references to the owner in subsection <ref href="#section-58-5">(5)</ref> and paragraph <ref href="#section-58-7-a">(a)</ref> are to be read accordingly).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-authorised-officer" eId="term-authorised-officer">authorised officer</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a constable, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an examiner appointed under section 66A of the Road Traffic Act 1988.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>The power in subsection <ref href="#section-58-1">(1)</ref> does not extend to directing the driver of a vehicle to stop it; but—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a constable in uniform, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-9-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a stopping officer appointed under section 66B of the Road Traffic Act 1988,</content></level><wrapUp>may make such a direction with a view to the exercise of the power in subsection <ref href="#section-58-1">(1)</ref>.</wrapUp></subsection></section><section eId="section-59"><num>59</num><heading>Interpretation</heading><subsection eId="section-59-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies for the purposes of this Chapter.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-59-2"><num>(2)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-direction" eId="term-direction">Direction</term>” includes any form of instruction or requirement (and “direct” is to be read accordingly).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-59-3"><num>(3)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-registered-keeper" eId="term-registered-keeper">Registered keeper</term>” means the person in whose name a vehicle is registered under the Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-59-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The following terms have the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorisation-requirements" eId="term-authorisation-requirements">authorisation requirements</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automation-feature" eId="term-authorised-automation-feature">authorised automation feature</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-self-driving-entity" eId="term-authorised-self-driving-entity">authorised self-driving entity</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature" eId="term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature">authorised user-in-charge feature</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-control" eId="term-control">control</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-6">(6)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-equipment" eId="term-equipment">equipment</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator" eId="term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator">licensed no-user-in-charge operator</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-operator-licensing-regulations" eId="term-operator-licensing-regulations">operator licensing regulations</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-overseen" eId="term-overseen">overseen</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref><ref href="#section-12-3">(3)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-transition-demand" eId="term-transition-demand">transition demand</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-transition-period" eId="term-transition-period">transition period</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>).</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-59-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-44-2">(2)</ref> (commission of traffic infraction by vehicle) and <ref href="#section-44-5">(5)</ref> (authorisation to determine when feature “engaged” or “disengaged”) of section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref> apply as they apply for the purposes of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-59-6"><num>(6)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-user-in-charge" eId="term-user-in-charge">User-in-charge</term>” is to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>.</content></subsection></section></chapter>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-57"><num>57</num><heading>Application of stopping powers etc</heading><subsection eId="section-57-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-57-2">(2)</ref> applies in circumstances where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-57-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person suspects that a vehicle is travelling while an authorised automation feature is engaged, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>assuming the vehicle was being driven by an individual, the person would have the power under an enactment (whenever passed or made) to direct the driver to stop the vehicle or act in any other way.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The person may by an appropriate communication with equipment of the vehicle make any direction that could be given to a driver of the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-3"><num>(3)</num><content>For that purpose a communication is “appropriate” if it is a communication that equipment of the vehicle could reasonably be expected to receive and react to.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In determining whether subsection <ref href="#section-57-3">(3)</ref> is satisfied, regard is to be had to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-57-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>any relevant authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the design and intended function of the equipment.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-5"><num>(5)</num><content>For the purpose of determining whether a vehicle has committed a traffic infraction, a direction made in accordance with subsection <ref href="#section-57-2">(2)</ref> has effect as if it were a direction given to a driver of the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>But a vehicle with an authorised user-in-charge feature does not commit a traffic infraction by not complying with the direction if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-57-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the vehicle immediately issues a transition demand,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the end of the transition period, equipment of the vehicle communicates the substance of the direction to the user-in-charge in a way that the user-in-charge could be expected to understand, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>that way of responding to the direction does not breach authorisation requirements.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-57-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A direction the substance of which is communicated as described in subsection <ref href="#section-57-6">(6)</ref><ref href="#section-57-6-b">(b)</ref> (and in a way that does not breach authorisation requirements) is effective against the user-in-charge as soon as—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-57-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the user-in-charge assumes control of the vehicle, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>(if earlier) the transition period ends,</content></level><wrapUp>as if it had been given to that individual as the driver.</wrapUp></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-57-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-57-2">(2)</ref> applies in circumstances where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-57-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person suspects that a vehicle is travelling while an authorised automation feature is engaged, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>assuming the vehicle was being driven by an individual, the person would have the power under an enactment (whenever passed or made) to direct the driver to stop the vehicle or act in any other way.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-57-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The person may by an appropriate communication with equipment of the vehicle make any direction that could be given to a driver of the vehicle.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-57-3"><num>(3)</num><content>For that purpose a communication is “appropriate” if it is a communication that equipment of the vehicle could reasonably be expected to receive and react to.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-57-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In determining whether subsection <ref href="#section-57-3">(3)</ref> is satisfied, regard is to be had to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-57-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>any relevant authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the design and intended function of the equipment.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-57-5"><num>(5)</num><content>For the purpose of determining whether a vehicle has committed a traffic infraction, a direction made in accordance with subsection <ref href="#section-57-2">(2)</ref> has effect as if it were a direction given to a driver of the vehicle.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-57-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>But a vehicle with an authorised user-in-charge feature does not commit a traffic infraction by not complying with the direction if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-57-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the vehicle immediately issues a transition demand,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the end of the transition period, equipment of the vehicle communicates the substance of the direction to the user-in-charge in a way that the user-in-charge could be expected to understand, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>that way of responding to the direction does not breach authorisation requirements.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-57-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A direction the substance of which is communicated as described in subsection <ref href="#section-57-6">(6)</ref><ref href="#section-57-6-b">(b)</ref> (and in a way that does not breach authorisation requirements) is effective against the user-in-charge as soon as—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-57-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the user-in-charge assumes control of the vehicle, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-57-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>(if earlier) the transition period ends,</content></level><wrapUp>as if it had been given to that individual as the driver.</wrapUp></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-58"><num>58</num><heading>Seizure and detention</heading><subsection eId="section-58-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>An authorised officer may seize and detain a road vehicle (using reasonable force to do so) if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>it appears to the officer that the vehicle is travelling, is about to travel or has recently travelled on a road or other public place, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>subsections <ref href="#section-58-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-58-3">(3)</ref> are satisfied.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>This subsection is satisfied if the authorised officer reasonably suspects that the journey of the vehicle involves, is likely to involve, or did involve—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref> of the Road Traffic Act 1988,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the commission of a traffic infraction by the vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the vehicle travelling without an individual exercising, or in position to exercise, control of it on a road or other public place on which it is hazardous or unsuitable for the vehicle to travel in that way, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the vehicle otherwise behaving in a way that presents a risk of danger or inconvenience to the public while present on a road or other public place without an individual in control of it.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>This subsection is satisfied if the authorised officer reasonably thinks it necessary to seize and detain the vehicle in order to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>prevent or halt the commission of an offence or a traffic infraction,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>prevent or halt a risk of danger or of inconvenience to the public, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>enable enquiries to be made with a view to identifying—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-58-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the owner, registered keeper, user, or person in charge of the vehicle,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-58-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>the authorised self-driving entity for the vehicle, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-58-3-c-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>the licensed no-user-in-charge operator by whom the journey of the vehicle is, would be or was overseen.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision about what is to happen after a vehicle has been seized and detained under this section; and the power in subsection <ref href="#section-58-1">(1)</ref> may not be exercised unless such regulations are in force.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-58-4">(4)</ref> must be designed with a view to securing that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the owner of the vehicle has a reasonable opportunity to find out that it has been detained and recover it, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the vehicle is properly stored in the meantime.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-58-5">(5)</ref><ref href="#section-58-5-a">(a)</ref> does not prevent the regulations from—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>making the recovery of the vehicle conditional on the payment of any applicable charges in respect of its removal or storage (see subsection <ref href="#section-58-7">(7)</ref><ref href="#section-58-7-a">(a)</ref>),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-6-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>conferring a power to keep the vehicle in detention pending the completion of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-58-6-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>enquiries of a sort referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-58-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-58-3-c">(c)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-58-6-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>investigations or proceedings arising from the matters in connection with which the vehicle was seized (including proceedings for the imposition of a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice under <ref href="#part-1-chapter-5">Chapter 5</ref> of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>), or</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>making the ability to recover the vehicle subject to any power existing apart from this section under which the vehicle could be kept in detention.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-58-4">(4)</ref> may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>require the owner of the vehicle to pay charges in respect of the removal, storage or disposal of the vehicle;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>(subject to subsection <ref href="#section-58-5">(5)</ref><ref href="#section-58-5-a">(a)</ref>) provide for the disposal of the vehicle;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>make provision about the destination of any proceeds of such a disposal;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-7-d"><num>(d)</num><content>provide for a person to be treated as, or presumed to be, the owner of the vehicle for the purposes of the regulations (in which case the references to the owner in subsection <ref href="#section-58-5">(5)</ref> and paragraph <ref href="#section-58-7-a">(a)</ref> are to be read accordingly).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-authorised-officer" eId="term-authorised-officer">authorised officer</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a constable, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an examiner appointed under section 66A of the Road Traffic Act 1988.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-58-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>The power in subsection <ref href="#section-58-1">(1)</ref> does not extend to directing the driver of a vehicle to stop it; but—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a constable in uniform, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-9-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a stopping officer appointed under section 66B of the Road Traffic Act 1988,</content></level><wrapUp>may make such a direction with a view to the exercise of the power in subsection <ref href="#section-58-1">(1)</ref>.</wrapUp></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-58-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>An authorised officer may seize and detain a road vehicle (using reasonable force to do so) if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>it appears to the officer that the vehicle is travelling, is about to travel or has recently travelled on a road or other public place, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>subsections <ref href="#section-58-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-58-3">(3)</ref> are satisfied.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-58-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>This subsection is satisfied if the authorised officer reasonably suspects that the journey of the vehicle involves, is likely to involve, or did involve—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref> of the Road Traffic Act 1988,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the commission of a traffic infraction by the vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the vehicle travelling without an individual exercising, or in position to exercise, control of it on a road or other public place on which it is hazardous or unsuitable for the vehicle to travel in that way, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>the vehicle otherwise behaving in a way that presents a risk of danger or inconvenience to the public while present on a road or other public place without an individual in control of it.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-58-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>This subsection is satisfied if the authorised officer reasonably thinks it necessary to seize and detain the vehicle in order to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>prevent or halt the commission of an offence or a traffic infraction,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>prevent or halt a risk of danger or of inconvenience to the public, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>enable enquiries to be made with a view to identifying—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-58-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the owner, registered keeper, user, or person in charge of the vehicle,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-58-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>the authorised self-driving entity for the vehicle, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-58-3-c-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>the licensed no-user-in-charge operator by whom the journey of the vehicle is, would be or was overseen.</content></level></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-58-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>prevent or halt the commission of an offence or a traffic infraction,</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-58-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>prevent or halt a risk of danger or of inconvenience to the public, or</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-58-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>enable enquiries to be made with a view to identifying—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-58-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the owner, registered keeper, user, or person in charge of the vehicle,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-58-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>the authorised self-driving entity for the vehicle, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-58-3-c-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>the licensed no-user-in-charge operator by whom the journey of the vehicle is, would be or was overseen.</content></level></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-58-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision about what is to happen after a vehicle has been seized and detained under this section; and the power in subsection <ref href="#section-58-1">(1)</ref> may not be exercised unless such regulations are in force.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-58-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-58-4">(4)</ref> must be designed with a view to securing that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the owner of the vehicle has a reasonable opportunity to find out that it has been detained and recover it, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the vehicle is properly stored in the meantime.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-58-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-58-5">(5)</ref><ref href="#section-58-5-a">(a)</ref> does not prevent the regulations from—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>making the recovery of the vehicle conditional on the payment of any applicable charges in respect of its removal or storage (see subsection <ref href="#section-58-7">(7)</ref><ref href="#section-58-7-a">(a)</ref>),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-6-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>conferring a power to keep the vehicle in detention pending the completion of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-58-6-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>enquiries of a sort referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-58-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-58-3-c">(c)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-58-6-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>investigations or proceedings arising from the matters in connection with which the vehicle was seized (including proceedings for the imposition of a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice under <ref href="#part-1-chapter-5">Chapter 5</ref> of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>), or</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>making the ability to recover the vehicle subject to any power existing apart from this section under which the vehicle could be kept in detention.</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-58-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>making the recovery of the vehicle conditional on the payment of any applicable charges in respect of its removal or storage (see subsection <ref href="#section-58-7">(7)</ref><ref href="#section-58-7-a">(a)</ref>),</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-58-6-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>conferring a power to keep the vehicle in detention pending the completion of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-58-6-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>enquiries of a sort referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-58-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-58-3-c">(c)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-58-6-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>investigations or proceedings arising from the matters in connection with which the vehicle was seized (including proceedings for the imposition of a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice under <ref href="#part-1-chapter-5">Chapter 5</ref> of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>), or</content></level></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-58-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>making the ability to recover the vehicle subject to any power existing apart from this section under which the vehicle could be kept in detention.</content></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-58-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-58-4">(4)</ref> may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>require the owner of the vehicle to pay charges in respect of the removal, storage or disposal of the vehicle;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>(subject to subsection <ref href="#section-58-5">(5)</ref><ref href="#section-58-5-a">(a)</ref>) provide for the disposal of the vehicle;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>make provision about the destination of any proceeds of such a disposal;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-7-d"><num>(d)</num><content>provide for a person to be treated as, or presumed to be, the owner of the vehicle for the purposes of the regulations (in which case the references to the owner in subsection <ref href="#section-58-5">(5)</ref> and paragraph <ref href="#section-58-7-a">(a)</ref> are to be read accordingly).</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-58-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-authorised-officer" eId="term-authorised-officer">authorised officer</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a constable, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>an examiner appointed under section 66A of the Road Traffic Act 1988.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-58-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>The power in subsection <ref href="#section-58-1">(1)</ref> does not extend to directing the driver of a vehicle to stop it; but—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-58-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a constable in uniform, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-58-9-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a stopping officer appointed under section 66B of the Road Traffic Act 1988,</content></level><wrapUp>may make such a direction with a view to the exercise of the power in subsection <ref href="#section-58-1">(1)</ref>.</wrapUp></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-59"><num>59</num><heading>Interpretation</heading><subsection eId="section-59-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies for the purposes of this Chapter.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-59-2"><num>(2)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-direction" eId="term-direction">Direction</term>” includes any form of instruction or requirement (and “direct” is to be read accordingly).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-59-3"><num>(3)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-registered-keeper" eId="term-registered-keeper">Registered keeper</term>” means the person in whose name a vehicle is registered under the Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-59-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The following terms have the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorisation-requirements" eId="term-authorisation-requirements">authorisation requirements</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automation-feature" eId="term-authorised-automation-feature">authorised automation feature</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-self-driving-entity" eId="term-authorised-self-driving-entity">authorised self-driving entity</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature" eId="term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature">authorised user-in-charge feature</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-control" eId="term-control">control</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-6">(6)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-equipment" eId="term-equipment">equipment</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator" eId="term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator">licensed no-user-in-charge operator</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-operator-licensing-regulations" eId="term-operator-licensing-regulations">operator licensing regulations</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-overseen" eId="term-overseen">overseen</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref><ref href="#section-12-3">(3)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-transition-demand" eId="term-transition-demand">transition demand</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-transition-period" eId="term-transition-period">transition period</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>).</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-59-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-44-2">(2)</ref> (commission of traffic infraction by vehicle) and <ref href="#section-44-5">(5)</ref> (authorisation to determine when feature “engaged” or “disengaged”) of section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref> apply as they apply for the purposes of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-59-6"><num>(6)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-user-in-charge" eId="term-user-in-charge">User-in-charge</term>” is to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-59-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies for the purposes of this Chapter.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-59-2"><num>(2)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-direction" eId="term-direction">Direction</term>” includes any form of instruction or requirement (and “direct” is to be read accordingly).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-59-3"><num>(3)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-registered-keeper" eId="term-registered-keeper">Registered keeper</term>” means the person in whose name a vehicle is registered under the Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-59-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The following terms have the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorisation-requirements" eId="term-authorisation-requirements">authorisation requirements</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automation-feature" eId="term-authorised-automation-feature">authorised automation feature</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-self-driving-entity" eId="term-authorised-self-driving-entity">authorised self-driving entity</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature" eId="term-authorised-user-in-charge-feature">authorised user-in-charge feature</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-control" eId="term-control">control</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-6">(6)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-equipment" eId="term-equipment">equipment</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator" eId="term-licensed-no-user-in-charge-operator">licensed no-user-in-charge operator</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-operator-licensing-regulations" eId="term-operator-licensing-regulations">operator licensing regulations</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-overseen" eId="term-overseen">overseen</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref><ref href="#section-12-3">(3)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-transition-demand" eId="term-transition-demand">transition demand</term>” and “<term refersTo="#term-transition-period" eId="term-transition-period">transition period</term>” (see sections <ref href="#section-7">7</ref><ref href="#section-7-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>).</content></hcontainer></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-59-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-44-2">(2)</ref> (commission of traffic infraction by vehicle) and <ref href="#section-44-5">(5)</ref> (authorisation to determine when feature “engaged” or “disengaged”) of section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref> apply as they apply for the purposes of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-59-6"><num>(6)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-user-in-charge" eId="term-user-in-charge">User-in-charge</term>” is to be read in accordance with section <ref href="#section-46">46</ref>.</content></subsection>

<chapter xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="part-3-chapter-2"><num>Chapter 2</num><heading>Investigation of incidents by statutory inspectors</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-3-chapter-2-crossheading-authorised-automated-vehicle-incident-inspectors"><heading>Authorised automated vehicle incident inspectors</heading><section eId="section-60"><num>60</num><heading>The role of inspector</heading><subsection eId="section-60-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must appoint one or more persons as inspectors of automated vehicle incidents.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-60-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An inspector—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-60-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>must be a person serving in the civil service of the State,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-60-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>is to hold the role of inspector on such terms as the Secretary of State determines, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-60-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>is to exercise the functions of an inspector under the direction and control of any other inspector who, under arrangements made by the Secretary of State, is of a senior rank.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-60-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about how the functions of an inspector are to be exercised.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-61"><num>61</num><heading>Purpose of inspectors</heading><subsection eId="section-61-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The main purpose of the role of inspector is that of identifying, improving understanding of, and reducing the risks of harm arising from the use of authorised automated vehicles on roads in Great Britain.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-61-2"><num>(2)</num><content>It is no part of that purpose to establish blame or liability on the part of any person in relation to a particular incident.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-61-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The functions conferred by this Chapter are to be exercised in view of that purpose.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-3-chapter-2-crossheading-investigations"><heading>Investigations</heading><section eId="section-62"><num>62</num><heading>General power to investigate certain incidents</heading><subsection eId="section-62-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If a relevant incident occurs, an inspector may carry out an investigation in order to try to determine what caused it (but not to determine blame or liability).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-62-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An incident is a relevant incident if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occurs on a road in Great Britain,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>arises out of the presence of an authorised automated vehicle on that road,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>causes or has the potential to cause damage to a person or property, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>is not of a kind specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-62-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>An incident is also a relevant incident if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-62-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occurs in Great Britain,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>involves an authorised automated vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>either—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-62-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>would fall within subsection <ref href="#section-62-2">(2)</ref> if it occurred on a road, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-62-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>could lead to the occurrence of an incident within subsection <ref href="#section-62-2">(2)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-62-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Nothing in sections <ref href="#section-63">63</ref> to <ref href="#section-65">65</ref> limits what an inspector may do for the purposes of an investigation without relying on powers of coercion.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-63"><num>63</num><heading>Powers in respect of persons</heading><subsection eId="section-63-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If an inspector considers it necessary for the purposes of an investigation, the inspector may require a person—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-63-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>to provide to the inspector, or allow the inspector access to, information, items or material in any manner the inspector considers appropriate;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-63-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>not to access, disturb, move or alter anything specified by the inspector.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-63-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may make regulations authorising an inspector to require a person to provide other forms of assistance for the purposes of an investigation.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-64"><num>64</num><heading>Powers in respect of premises</heading><subsection eId="section-64-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If an inspector considers it necessary for the purposes of an investigation, the inspector may exercise the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> in respect of any premises.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The powers in this subsection are powers to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>enter the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>search the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>examine any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises (including by operating a computer or other device in order to gain access to information);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>seize any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises and remove it;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises, or any information contained in or accessible by means of any such document, equipment, item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-f"><num>(f)</num><intro>require any person on the premises to provide information or assistance for the purpose of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-2-f-i"><num>(i)</num><content>enabling or facilitating the exercise of the preceding powers, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-2-f-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allowing anything inspected, seized or recorded in the exercise of those powers to be better understood.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An inspector may not exercise the power to seize and remove something unless the inspector considers that exercising the power to record it would be insufficient.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-4"><num>(4)</num><content>An inspector may take other persons, equipment and materials onto premises for the purposes of assisting in the exercise of the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person so taken onto the premises may also exercise those powers on behalf of the inspector if the person is in the company, and under the supervision, of the inspector.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-6"><num>(6)</num><content>An inspector or other person exercising the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> may use reasonable force if necessary (except to enforce a requirement under subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-29-1-f">(f)</ref>), but only if accompanied by a constable.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> may only be exercised in accordance with a warrant issued by a justice of the peace, unless the inspector considers that the exercise of the powers is urgent and that waiting to seek consent or a warrant would undermine the investigation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>A warrant under subsection <ref href="#section-64-7">(7)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-64-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>may be granted only if the justice of the peace is satisfied, on the basis of information or evidence given on oath by an inspector, that it is necessary for the purposes of the investigation to exercise the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> in respect of the premises,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-8-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>authorises the exercise of those powers—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>only at a reasonable hour,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>only within a period of one month beginning with the day on which it is issued, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>only on one occasion, unless the warrant specifies a greater number of occasions, and</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>may be granted subject to further conditions or limitations</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>An inspector who enters premises under this section—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>must produce, on request by any person appearing to be in charge of the premises, proof of identity and of authority;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>if the entry is made under warrant—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>must give a copy of the warrant to any person appearing to be in charge of the premises at the earliest opportunity (if possible before entering the premises),</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>if no such copy is given during the period of entry on the premises, must leave a copy of the warrant in a prominent place on the premises, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>must return the warrant to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement summarising the exercise of the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref>;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if no person appearing to be in charge of the premises is present, must leave the premises as effectively secured against trespassers as the inspector found them;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-d"><num>(d)</num><content>must make and retain a written record of the powers exercised in respect of the premises.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-10"><num>(10)</num><content>The Secretary of State must arrange for the publication of information on the exercise of the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> at such intervals as seem appropriate.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-11"><num>(11)</num><content>If a warrant under subsection <ref href="#section-64-7">(7)</ref> is not executed, an inspector must return it to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement stating that it was not executed.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-12"><num>(12)</num><content>References in this section to a justice of the peace include a sheriff in Scotland.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-65"><num>65</num><heading>Powers in respect of road traffic</heading><subsection eId="section-65-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>An inspector may for the purposes of an investigation—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-65-1-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>direct a person driving or propelling a vehicle, or riding an animal, on a road to—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-65-1-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>stop the vehicle or animal, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-65-1-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>make it proceed in, or keep to, a particular line of traffic;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-65-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>direct a person proceeding on foot on or immediately adjacent to a road to stop.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-65-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Such a direction may be made by placing a traffic sign—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-65-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on the road,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-65-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>immediately adjacent to the road, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-65-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on any structure on the road or immediately adjacent to the road.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-65-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The inspector must remove such a sign by the end of the period of seven days beginning with the day it was placed; and a sign remaining in place after the end of that period no longer has effect.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-66"><num>66</num><heading>Offences of impeding investigation</heading><subsection eId="section-66-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if the person—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-66-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>intentionally obstructs a person in the exercise of the powers conferred by or under section <ref href="#section-63">63</ref>, <ref href="#section-64">64</ref> or <ref href="#section-65">65</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with a requirement made of the person in the exercise of those powers, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in response to such a requirement, makes a statement that is false or misleading in a material respect, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A person commits an offence if the person impersonates an inspector and purports to be carrying out an investigation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-3"><num>(3)</num><content>A person commits an offence if the person fails to comply with a direction under section <ref href="#section-65">65</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-66-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-66-2">(2)</ref> is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-66-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-66-3">(3)</ref> is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-6"><num>(6)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-4">Schedule 4</ref> makes amendments in connection with the offence in subsection <ref href="#section-66-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-67"><num>67</num><heading>Application to police officers</heading><subsection eId="section-67-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An inspector may exercise a power under sections <ref href="#section-63">63</ref> to <ref href="#section-65">65</ref> in relation to a constable as in relation to any other person, subject to regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-67-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-67-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-67-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an inspector may require a constable to provide information, items or material held by the constable or by the force or body to which the constable belongs in connection with an investigation conducted by the constable, force or body;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-67-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>where a constable is investigating an incident that an inspector is also investigating, the inspector may require the constable to—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>allow the inspector access to a place where the constable is investigating;</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allow the inspector access to information, items or material relevant to the inspector’s investigation;</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>allow the inspector to interview a witness to the incident (including a person suspected of committing an offence in connection with the incident) in advance of any other interview of that witness.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-67-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may by regulations specify circumstances in which—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-67-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an inspector may not exercise a power in relation to a constable;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-67-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a constable is not required to comply with a requirement of an inspector;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-67-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a constable does not commit an offence under section <ref href="#section-66">66</ref>.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-68"><num>68</num><heading>Report of findings</heading><subsection eId="section-68-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An inspector must report any findings of an investigation to the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-68-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A report under this section is not prevented by section <ref href="#section-61">61</ref><ref href="#section-61-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-62">62</ref><ref href="#section-62-1">(1)</ref> from making a finding from which blame or liability could be inferred (although it may not express an opinion on such blame or liability).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-68-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about reports under this section.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-68-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular, make provision as to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the form a report is to take;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the time by which a report must be made;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the circumstances in which a report must or must not make a recommendation;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-d"><num>(d)</num><content>whether and how interested persons are to be given the opportunity to comment on a draft report;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-e"><num>(e)</num><content>publication of reports;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-f"><num>(f)</num><content>the admissibility of reports in judicial proceedings;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-g"><num>(g)</num><content>how an inspector is to monitor and take action further to the recommendations in a report.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-69"><num>69</num><heading>Appointment of additional persons to exercise investigatory powers</heading><subsection eId="section-69-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-69-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>requiring or permitting an inspector to appoint a person to conduct or participate in an investigation;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-69-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>conferring on such a person a power of an inspector for the purposes of an investigation.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-69-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A person given functions by regulations under this section is to exercise them on behalf of the Crown (and, in particular, is to be taken in respect of those functions to be an officer of the Crown for the purposes of the Crown Proceedings Act 1947).</content></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-3-chapter-2-crossheading-supplementary-powers"><heading>Supplementary powers</heading><section eId="section-70"><num>70</num><heading>Additional power in respect of information and material</heading><subsection eId="section-70-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may make regulations requiring a person to provide to an inspector, or allow an inspector access to, information, items or material other than in response to a requirement made under section <ref href="#section-63">63</ref>, in such manner as is specified in the regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-70-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Regulations under this section must specify the purpose for which the information, items or material is or are to be provided (which must be purposes of an investigation or of any other function of an inspector).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-70-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Regulations under this section may create an offence (see further section <ref href="#section-76">76</ref>).</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-71"><num>71</num><heading>Obtaining reports from police</heading><subsection eId="section-71-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, require a chief officer of police to report to an inspector incidents which—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-71-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occur in the area of the chief officer’s police force, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-71-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>are of a description set out in the regulations.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-71-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Regulations under this section may limit the requirement to cases in which an inspector requests a report.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-71-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Regulations under this section must be framed with the intention that only relevant incidents, or incidents that may be found to be relevant incidents, will be reported.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-71-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Regulations under this section may contain provision about the timing, form and contents of reports.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-72"><num>72</num><heading>Ancillary functions</heading><subsection eId="section-72-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>An inspector may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-72-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>produce and publish information about the safety of authorised automated vehicles or about investigations;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>support the functions of a person within subsection <ref href="#section-72-3">(3)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-1-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>assist any other person in or outside the United Kingdom, with or without charge, in doing anything that the inspector considers would contribute to—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-72-1-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the purpose in section <ref href="#section-61">61</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-72-1-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an equivalent purpose outside Great Britain;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>carry out such other functions as the inspector considers would contribute to such a purpose.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-72-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-72-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>requiring an inspector to exercise a power in subsection <ref href="#section-72-1">(1)</ref> in such manner as is specified in the regulations;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>limiting the manner in which any such power may be exercised.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-72-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The persons referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-72-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-72-1-b">(b)</ref> are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person appointed as an inspector of marine accidents under section 267 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a person responsible for the investigation of accidents arising out of or in the course of air navigation under regulations made under section 75 of the Civil Aviation Act 1982;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a person appointed as an inspector of rail accidents under section 3 of the Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>a person responsible for the investigation of accidents arising out of or in the course of spaceflight activities under regulations made under section 20 of the Space Industry Act 2018;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>any other person an inspector considers to have functions corresponding to those of an inspector, or a person within the preceding paragraphs, whether in or outside the United Kingdom.</content></level></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-3-chapter-2-crossheading-supplementary-provision"><heading>Supplementary provision</heading><section eId="section-73"><num>73</num><heading>Protection of information</heading><subsection eId="section-73-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies in relation to information obtained by an inspector in connection with the inspector’s functions.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>provision authorising the inspector to disclose the information to another person for a purpose specified in the regulations;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>other provision about how the information is to be dealt with.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>permit or require the retention or destruction of the information;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>disapply any power under an enactment that might otherwise be used to obtain the information;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>make provision about the admissibility in judicial proceedings of the information;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>confer jurisdiction on a court or tribunal.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-73-5">(5)</ref> applies to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the inspector,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any person who obtains the information on behalf of the inspector, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>any person who obtains the information directly or indirectly from the inspector (other than by way of publication).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>It is an offence for the person to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to any other person, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained,</content></level><wrapUp>except as authorised by or under this Part or any other enactment.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>But it is a defence to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person who provided the information to the inspector consented to the disclosure or use,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person to whom subsection <ref href="#section-73-5">(5)</ref> applies reasonably believed that the disclosure or use was lawful, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a disclosure, that the information had already lawfully been disclosed to the other person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-73-5">(5)</ref> is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-74"><num>74</num><heading>Further provision about physical evidence</heading><subsection eId="section-74-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies in relation to an item or material obtained by an inspector under section <ref href="#section-63">63</ref> or <ref href="#section-64">64</ref> or regulations under section <ref href="#section-70">70</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-74-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The inspector must, on request by the person from whom the item or material is obtained—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-74-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>give a receipt for the item or material, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a document readily capable of being copied, give a copy of it.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-74-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The item or material may be retained in the possession of the inspector for so long as the inspector considers necessary for the purposes for which it was obtained.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-74-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>An inspector may for those purposes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-74-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>examine the item or material (using reasonable force if necessary), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any information obtained from the item or material.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-74-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about how items or material obtained by an inspector in connection with the inspector’s functions are to be dealt with.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-74-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>authorise the retention or use of an item or material for purposes other than those for which it was obtained;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>authorise the delivery of an item or material to a person other than its owner;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>authorise the destruction of an item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-d"><num>(d)</num><content>make provision about the admissibility in judicial proceedings of evidence relating to an item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-e"><num>(e)</num><content>create an offence (see further section <ref href="#section-76">76</ref>);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-f"><num>(f)</num><content>confer jurisdiction on a court or tribunal.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-75"><num>75</num><heading>Expenses</heading><subsection eId="section-75-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations entitling—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-75-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the Secretary of State to recover from any other person, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-75-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any other person (including an inspector) to recover from the Secretary of State,</content></level><wrapUp>expenses, costs or losses incurred in, or in connection with, the exercise of an inspector’s functions.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-75-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Regulations under this section may confer jurisdiction on a court or tribunal.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-76"><num>76</num><heading>Offences under regulations</heading><subsection eId="section-76-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Where regulations under this Chapter create an offence, they may provide for the offence to be triable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-76-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>only summarily, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>summarily or on indictment.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-76-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Where the regulations provide for the offence to be triable only summarily, they may provide for the offence to be punishable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-76-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding the maximum term for summary offences or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale (or both);</content></level><wrapUp>or (in either case) by any lesser punishment.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-76-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Where the regulations provide for the offence to be triable summarily or on indictment, they may provide for the offence to be punishable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-76-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both);</content></level><wrapUp>or (in any of those cases) by any lesser punishment.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-76-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-82-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-82-2-a">(a)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-the-maximum-term-for-summary-offences" eId="term-the-maximum-term-for-summary-offences">the maximum term for summary offences</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-76-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>if the offence is committed before the time when section 281(5) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 comes into force, six months;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>if the offence is committed after that time, 51 weeks.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-77"><num>77</num><heading>Interpretation</heading><intro>In this Chapter—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automated-vehicle" eId="term-authorised-automated-vehicle">authorised automated vehicle</term>” includes a vehicle that has been, but is no longer, an authorised automated vehicle within the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-94">94</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-dwelling" eId="term-dwelling">dwelling</term>” means any premises wholly or mainly used as a place of residence (and includes any garden, yard, outhouse or other appurtenance which is not used in common by the occupants of multiple such premises);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-inspector" eId="term-inspector">inspector</term>” means an inspector appointed under section 60, and also includes, in relation to the exercise of a power further to regulations under section <ref href="#section-69">69</ref><ref href="#section-69-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-69-1-b">(b)</ref>, the person exercising that power;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-investigation" eId="term-investigation">investigation</term>” means an investigation under section <ref href="#section-62">62</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-premises" eId="term-premises">premises</term>” includes any land;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-relevant-incident" eId="term-relevant-incident">relevant incident</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-62">62</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-traffic-sign" eId="term-traffic-sign">traffic sign</term>” has the meaning given by section 64(1) of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984.</content></hcontainer></section></hcontainer></chapter>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-3-chapter-2-crossheading-authorised-automated-vehicle-incident-inspectors"><heading>Authorised automated vehicle incident inspectors</heading><section eId="section-60"><num>60</num><heading>The role of inspector</heading><subsection eId="section-60-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must appoint one or more persons as inspectors of automated vehicle incidents.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-60-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An inspector—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-60-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>must be a person serving in the civil service of the State,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-60-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>is to hold the role of inspector on such terms as the Secretary of State determines, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-60-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>is to exercise the functions of an inspector under the direction and control of any other inspector who, under arrangements made by the Secretary of State, is of a senior rank.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-60-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about how the functions of an inspector are to be exercised.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-61"><num>61</num><heading>Purpose of inspectors</heading><subsection eId="section-61-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The main purpose of the role of inspector is that of identifying, improving understanding of, and reducing the risks of harm arising from the use of authorised automated vehicles on roads in Great Britain.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-61-2"><num>(2)</num><content>It is no part of that purpose to establish blame or liability on the part of any person in relation to a particular incident.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-61-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The functions conferred by this Chapter are to be exercised in view of that purpose.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-60"><num>60</num><heading>The role of inspector</heading><subsection eId="section-60-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must appoint one or more persons as inspectors of automated vehicle incidents.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-60-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An inspector—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-60-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>must be a person serving in the civil service of the State,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-60-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>is to hold the role of inspector on such terms as the Secretary of State determines, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-60-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>is to exercise the functions of an inspector under the direction and control of any other inspector who, under arrangements made by the Secretary of State, is of a senior rank.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-60-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about how the functions of an inspector are to be exercised.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-60-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State must appoint one or more persons as inspectors of automated vehicle incidents.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-60-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An inspector—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-60-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>must be a person serving in the civil service of the State,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-60-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>is to hold the role of inspector on such terms as the Secretary of State determines, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-60-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>is to exercise the functions of an inspector under the direction and control of any other inspector who, under arrangements made by the Secretary of State, is of a senior rank.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-60-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about how the functions of an inspector are to be exercised.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-61"><num>61</num><heading>Purpose of inspectors</heading><subsection eId="section-61-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The main purpose of the role of inspector is that of identifying, improving understanding of, and reducing the risks of harm arising from the use of authorised automated vehicles on roads in Great Britain.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-61-2"><num>(2)</num><content>It is no part of that purpose to establish blame or liability on the part of any person in relation to a particular incident.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-61-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The functions conferred by this Chapter are to be exercised in view of that purpose.</content></subsection></section>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-3-chapter-2-crossheading-investigations"><heading>Investigations</heading><section eId="section-62"><num>62</num><heading>General power to investigate certain incidents</heading><subsection eId="section-62-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If a relevant incident occurs, an inspector may carry out an investigation in order to try to determine what caused it (but not to determine blame or liability).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-62-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An incident is a relevant incident if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occurs on a road in Great Britain,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>arises out of the presence of an authorised automated vehicle on that road,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>causes or has the potential to cause damage to a person or property, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>is not of a kind specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-62-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>An incident is also a relevant incident if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-62-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occurs in Great Britain,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>involves an authorised automated vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>either—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-62-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>would fall within subsection <ref href="#section-62-2">(2)</ref> if it occurred on a road, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-62-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>could lead to the occurrence of an incident within subsection <ref href="#section-62-2">(2)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-62-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Nothing in sections <ref href="#section-63">63</ref> to <ref href="#section-65">65</ref> limits what an inspector may do for the purposes of an investigation without relying on powers of coercion.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-63"><num>63</num><heading>Powers in respect of persons</heading><subsection eId="section-63-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If an inspector considers it necessary for the purposes of an investigation, the inspector may require a person—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-63-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>to provide to the inspector, or allow the inspector access to, information, items or material in any manner the inspector considers appropriate;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-63-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>not to access, disturb, move or alter anything specified by the inspector.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-63-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may make regulations authorising an inspector to require a person to provide other forms of assistance for the purposes of an investigation.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-64"><num>64</num><heading>Powers in respect of premises</heading><subsection eId="section-64-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If an inspector considers it necessary for the purposes of an investigation, the inspector may exercise the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> in respect of any premises.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The powers in this subsection are powers to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>enter the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>search the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>examine any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises (including by operating a computer or other device in order to gain access to information);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>seize any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises and remove it;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises, or any information contained in or accessible by means of any such document, equipment, item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-f"><num>(f)</num><intro>require any person on the premises to provide information or assistance for the purpose of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-2-f-i"><num>(i)</num><content>enabling or facilitating the exercise of the preceding powers, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-2-f-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allowing anything inspected, seized or recorded in the exercise of those powers to be better understood.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An inspector may not exercise the power to seize and remove something unless the inspector considers that exercising the power to record it would be insufficient.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-4"><num>(4)</num><content>An inspector may take other persons, equipment and materials onto premises for the purposes of assisting in the exercise of the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person so taken onto the premises may also exercise those powers on behalf of the inspector if the person is in the company, and under the supervision, of the inspector.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-6"><num>(6)</num><content>An inspector or other person exercising the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> may use reasonable force if necessary (except to enforce a requirement under subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-29-1-f">(f)</ref>), but only if accompanied by a constable.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> may only be exercised in accordance with a warrant issued by a justice of the peace, unless the inspector considers that the exercise of the powers is urgent and that waiting to seek consent or a warrant would undermine the investigation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>A warrant under subsection <ref href="#section-64-7">(7)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-64-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>may be granted only if the justice of the peace is satisfied, on the basis of information or evidence given on oath by an inspector, that it is necessary for the purposes of the investigation to exercise the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> in respect of the premises,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-8-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>authorises the exercise of those powers—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>only at a reasonable hour,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>only within a period of one month beginning with the day on which it is issued, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>only on one occasion, unless the warrant specifies a greater number of occasions, and</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>may be granted subject to further conditions or limitations</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>An inspector who enters premises under this section—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>must produce, on request by any person appearing to be in charge of the premises, proof of identity and of authority;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>if the entry is made under warrant—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>must give a copy of the warrant to any person appearing to be in charge of the premises at the earliest opportunity (if possible before entering the premises),</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>if no such copy is given during the period of entry on the premises, must leave a copy of the warrant in a prominent place on the premises, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>must return the warrant to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement summarising the exercise of the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref>;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if no person appearing to be in charge of the premises is present, must leave the premises as effectively secured against trespassers as the inspector found them;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-d"><num>(d)</num><content>must make and retain a written record of the powers exercised in respect of the premises.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-10"><num>(10)</num><content>The Secretary of State must arrange for the publication of information on the exercise of the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> at such intervals as seem appropriate.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-11"><num>(11)</num><content>If a warrant under subsection <ref href="#section-64-7">(7)</ref> is not executed, an inspector must return it to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement stating that it was not executed.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-12"><num>(12)</num><content>References in this section to a justice of the peace include a sheriff in Scotland.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-65"><num>65</num><heading>Powers in respect of road traffic</heading><subsection eId="section-65-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>An inspector may for the purposes of an investigation—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-65-1-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>direct a person driving or propelling a vehicle, or riding an animal, on a road to—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-65-1-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>stop the vehicle or animal, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-65-1-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>make it proceed in, or keep to, a particular line of traffic;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-65-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>direct a person proceeding on foot on or immediately adjacent to a road to stop.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-65-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Such a direction may be made by placing a traffic sign—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-65-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on the road,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-65-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>immediately adjacent to the road, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-65-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on any structure on the road or immediately adjacent to the road.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-65-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The inspector must remove such a sign by the end of the period of seven days beginning with the day it was placed; and a sign remaining in place after the end of that period no longer has effect.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-66"><num>66</num><heading>Offences of impeding investigation</heading><subsection eId="section-66-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if the person—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-66-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>intentionally obstructs a person in the exercise of the powers conferred by or under section <ref href="#section-63">63</ref>, <ref href="#section-64">64</ref> or <ref href="#section-65">65</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with a requirement made of the person in the exercise of those powers, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in response to such a requirement, makes a statement that is false or misleading in a material respect, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A person commits an offence if the person impersonates an inspector and purports to be carrying out an investigation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-3"><num>(3)</num><content>A person commits an offence if the person fails to comply with a direction under section <ref href="#section-65">65</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-66-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-66-2">(2)</ref> is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-66-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-66-3">(3)</ref> is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-6"><num>(6)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-4">Schedule 4</ref> makes amendments in connection with the offence in subsection <ref href="#section-66-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-67"><num>67</num><heading>Application to police officers</heading><subsection eId="section-67-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An inspector may exercise a power under sections <ref href="#section-63">63</ref> to <ref href="#section-65">65</ref> in relation to a constable as in relation to any other person, subject to regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-67-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-67-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-67-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an inspector may require a constable to provide information, items or material held by the constable or by the force or body to which the constable belongs in connection with an investigation conducted by the constable, force or body;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-67-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>where a constable is investigating an incident that an inspector is also investigating, the inspector may require the constable to—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>allow the inspector access to a place where the constable is investigating;</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allow the inspector access to information, items or material relevant to the inspector’s investigation;</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>allow the inspector to interview a witness to the incident (including a person suspected of committing an offence in connection with the incident) in advance of any other interview of that witness.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-67-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may by regulations specify circumstances in which—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-67-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an inspector may not exercise a power in relation to a constable;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-67-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a constable is not required to comply with a requirement of an inspector;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-67-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a constable does not commit an offence under section <ref href="#section-66">66</ref>.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-68"><num>68</num><heading>Report of findings</heading><subsection eId="section-68-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An inspector must report any findings of an investigation to the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-68-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A report under this section is not prevented by section <ref href="#section-61">61</ref><ref href="#section-61-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-62">62</ref><ref href="#section-62-1">(1)</ref> from making a finding from which blame or liability could be inferred (although it may not express an opinion on such blame or liability).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-68-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about reports under this section.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-68-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular, make provision as to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the form a report is to take;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the time by which a report must be made;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the circumstances in which a report must or must not make a recommendation;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-d"><num>(d)</num><content>whether and how interested persons are to be given the opportunity to comment on a draft report;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-e"><num>(e)</num><content>publication of reports;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-f"><num>(f)</num><content>the admissibility of reports in judicial proceedings;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-g"><num>(g)</num><content>how an inspector is to monitor and take action further to the recommendations in a report.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-69"><num>69</num><heading>Appointment of additional persons to exercise investigatory powers</heading><subsection eId="section-69-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-69-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>requiring or permitting an inspector to appoint a person to conduct or participate in an investigation;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-69-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>conferring on such a person a power of an inspector for the purposes of an investigation.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-69-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A person given functions by regulations under this section is to exercise them on behalf of the Crown (and, in particular, is to be taken in respect of those functions to be an officer of the Crown for the purposes of the Crown Proceedings Act 1947).</content></subsection></section></hcontainer>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-62"><num>62</num><heading>General power to investigate certain incidents</heading><subsection eId="section-62-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If a relevant incident occurs, an inspector may carry out an investigation in order to try to determine what caused it (but not to determine blame or liability).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-62-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An incident is a relevant incident if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occurs on a road in Great Britain,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>arises out of the presence of an authorised automated vehicle on that road,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>causes or has the potential to cause damage to a person or property, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>is not of a kind specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-62-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>An incident is also a relevant incident if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-62-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occurs in Great Britain,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>involves an authorised automated vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>either—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-62-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>would fall within subsection <ref href="#section-62-2">(2)</ref> if it occurred on a road, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-62-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>could lead to the occurrence of an incident within subsection <ref href="#section-62-2">(2)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-62-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Nothing in sections <ref href="#section-63">63</ref> to <ref href="#section-65">65</ref> limits what an inspector may do for the purposes of an investigation without relying on powers of coercion.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-62-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If a relevant incident occurs, an inspector may carry out an investigation in order to try to determine what caused it (but not to determine blame or liability).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-62-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An incident is a relevant incident if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occurs on a road in Great Britain,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>arises out of the presence of an authorised automated vehicle on that road,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>causes or has the potential to cause damage to a person or property, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>is not of a kind specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-62-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>An incident is also a relevant incident if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-62-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occurs in Great Britain,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>involves an authorised automated vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-62-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>either—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-62-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>would fall within subsection <ref href="#section-62-2">(2)</ref> if it occurred on a road, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-62-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>could lead to the occurrence of an incident within subsection <ref href="#section-62-2">(2)</ref>.</content></level></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-62-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occurs in Great Britain,</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-62-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>involves an authorised automated vehicle, and</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-62-3-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>either—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-62-3-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>would fall within subsection <ref href="#section-62-2">(2)</ref> if it occurred on a road, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-62-3-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>could lead to the occurrence of an incident within subsection <ref href="#section-62-2">(2)</ref>.</content></level></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-62-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Nothing in sections <ref href="#section-63">63</ref> to <ref href="#section-65">65</ref> limits what an inspector may do for the purposes of an investigation without relying on powers of coercion.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-63"><num>63</num><heading>Powers in respect of persons</heading><subsection eId="section-63-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If an inspector considers it necessary for the purposes of an investigation, the inspector may require a person—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-63-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>to provide to the inspector, or allow the inspector access to, information, items or material in any manner the inspector considers appropriate;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-63-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>not to access, disturb, move or alter anything specified by the inspector.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-63-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may make regulations authorising an inspector to require a person to provide other forms of assistance for the purposes of an investigation.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-63-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If an inspector considers it necessary for the purposes of an investigation, the inspector may require a person—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-63-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>to provide to the inspector, or allow the inspector access to, information, items or material in any manner the inspector considers appropriate;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-63-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>not to access, disturb, move or alter anything specified by the inspector.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-63-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may make regulations authorising an inspector to require a person to provide other forms of assistance for the purposes of an investigation.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-64"><num>64</num><heading>Powers in respect of premises</heading><subsection eId="section-64-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If an inspector considers it necessary for the purposes of an investigation, the inspector may exercise the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> in respect of any premises.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The powers in this subsection are powers to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>enter the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>search the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>examine any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises (including by operating a computer or other device in order to gain access to information);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>seize any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises and remove it;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises, or any information contained in or accessible by means of any such document, equipment, item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-f"><num>(f)</num><intro>require any person on the premises to provide information or assistance for the purpose of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-2-f-i"><num>(i)</num><content>enabling or facilitating the exercise of the preceding powers, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-2-f-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allowing anything inspected, seized or recorded in the exercise of those powers to be better understood.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An inspector may not exercise the power to seize and remove something unless the inspector considers that exercising the power to record it would be insufficient.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-4"><num>(4)</num><content>An inspector may take other persons, equipment and materials onto premises for the purposes of assisting in the exercise of the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person so taken onto the premises may also exercise those powers on behalf of the inspector if the person is in the company, and under the supervision, of the inspector.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-6"><num>(6)</num><content>An inspector or other person exercising the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> may use reasonable force if necessary (except to enforce a requirement under subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-29-1-f">(f)</ref>), but only if accompanied by a constable.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> may only be exercised in accordance with a warrant issued by a justice of the peace, unless the inspector considers that the exercise of the powers is urgent and that waiting to seek consent or a warrant would undermine the investigation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>A warrant under subsection <ref href="#section-64-7">(7)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-64-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>may be granted only if the justice of the peace is satisfied, on the basis of information or evidence given on oath by an inspector, that it is necessary for the purposes of the investigation to exercise the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> in respect of the premises,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-8-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>authorises the exercise of those powers—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>only at a reasonable hour,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>only within a period of one month beginning with the day on which it is issued, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>only on one occasion, unless the warrant specifies a greater number of occasions, and</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>may be granted subject to further conditions or limitations</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>An inspector who enters premises under this section—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>must produce, on request by any person appearing to be in charge of the premises, proof of identity and of authority;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>if the entry is made under warrant—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>must give a copy of the warrant to any person appearing to be in charge of the premises at the earliest opportunity (if possible before entering the premises),</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>if no such copy is given during the period of entry on the premises, must leave a copy of the warrant in a prominent place on the premises, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>must return the warrant to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement summarising the exercise of the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref>;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if no person appearing to be in charge of the premises is present, must leave the premises as effectively secured against trespassers as the inspector found them;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-d"><num>(d)</num><content>must make and retain a written record of the powers exercised in respect of the premises.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-10"><num>(10)</num><content>The Secretary of State must arrange for the publication of information on the exercise of the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> at such intervals as seem appropriate.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-11"><num>(11)</num><content>If a warrant under subsection <ref href="#section-64-7">(7)</ref> is not executed, an inspector must return it to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement stating that it was not executed.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-64-12"><num>(12)</num><content>References in this section to a justice of the peace include a sheriff in Scotland.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-64-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If an inspector considers it necessary for the purposes of an investigation, the inspector may exercise the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> in respect of any premises.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-64-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The powers in this subsection are powers to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>enter the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>search the premises;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>examine any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises (including by operating a computer or other device in order to gain access to information);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>seize any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises and remove it;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises, or any information contained in or accessible by means of any such document, equipment, item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-2-f"><num>(f)</num><intro>require any person on the premises to provide information or assistance for the purpose of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-2-f-i"><num>(i)</num><content>enabling or facilitating the exercise of the preceding powers, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-2-f-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allowing anything inspected, seized or recorded in the exercise of those powers to be better understood.</content></level></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-64-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>enter the premises;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-64-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>search the premises;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-64-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>examine any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises (including by operating a computer or other device in order to gain access to information);</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-64-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>seize any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises and remove it;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-64-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any document, equipment or other item or material on the premises, or any information contained in or accessible by means of any such document, equipment, item or material;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-64-2-f"><num>(f)</num><intro>require any person on the premises to provide information or assistance for the purpose of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-2-f-i"><num>(i)</num><content>enabling or facilitating the exercise of the preceding powers, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-2-f-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allowing anything inspected, seized or recorded in the exercise of those powers to be better understood.</content></level></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-64-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An inspector may not exercise the power to seize and remove something unless the inspector considers that exercising the power to record it would be insufficient.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-64-4"><num>(4)</num><content>An inspector may take other persons, equipment and materials onto premises for the purposes of assisting in the exercise of the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-64-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person so taken onto the premises may also exercise those powers on behalf of the inspector if the person is in the company, and under the supervision, of the inspector.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-64-6"><num>(6)</num><content>An inspector or other person exercising the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> may use reasonable force if necessary (except to enforce a requirement under subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-29-1-f">(f)</ref>), but only if accompanied by a constable.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-64-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> may only be exercised in accordance with a warrant issued by a justice of the peace, unless the inspector considers that the exercise of the powers is urgent and that waiting to seek consent or a warrant would undermine the investigation.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-64-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>A warrant under subsection <ref href="#section-64-7">(7)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-64-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>may be granted only if the justice of the peace is satisfied, on the basis of information or evidence given on oath by an inspector, that it is necessary for the purposes of the investigation to exercise the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> in respect of the premises,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-8-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>authorises the exercise of those powers—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>only at a reasonable hour,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>only within a period of one month beginning with the day on which it is issued, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>only on one occasion, unless the warrant specifies a greater number of occasions, and</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>may be granted subject to further conditions or limitations</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-64-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>may be granted only if the justice of the peace is satisfied, on the basis of information or evidence given on oath by an inspector, that it is necessary for the purposes of the investigation to exercise the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> in respect of the premises,</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-64-8-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>authorises the exercise of those powers—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>only at a reasonable hour,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>only within a period of one month beginning with the day on which it is issued, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-8-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>only on one occasion, unless the warrant specifies a greater number of occasions, and</content></level></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-64-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>may be granted subject to further conditions or limitations</content></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-64-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>An inspector who enters premises under this section—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>must produce, on request by any person appearing to be in charge of the premises, proof of identity and of authority;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>if the entry is made under warrant—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>must give a copy of the warrant to any person appearing to be in charge of the premises at the earliest opportunity (if possible before entering the premises),</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>if no such copy is given during the period of entry on the premises, must leave a copy of the warrant in a prominent place on the premises, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>must return the warrant to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement summarising the exercise of the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref>;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if no person appearing to be in charge of the premises is present, must leave the premises as effectively secured against trespassers as the inspector found them;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-64-9-d"><num>(d)</num><content>must make and retain a written record of the powers exercised in respect of the premises.</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-64-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>must produce, on request by any person appearing to be in charge of the premises, proof of identity and of authority;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-64-9-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>if the entry is made under warrant—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>must give a copy of the warrant to any person appearing to be in charge of the premises at the earliest opportunity (if possible before entering the premises),</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>if no such copy is given during the period of entry on the premises, must leave a copy of the warrant in a prominent place on the premises, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-64-9-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>must return the warrant to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement summarising the exercise of the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref>;</content></level></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-64-9-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if no person appearing to be in charge of the premises is present, must leave the premises as effectively secured against trespassers as the inspector found them;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-64-9-d"><num>(d)</num><content>must make and retain a written record of the powers exercised in respect of the premises.</content></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-64-10"><num>(10)</num><content>The Secretary of State must arrange for the publication of information on the exercise of the powers in subsection <ref href="#section-64-2">(2)</ref> at such intervals as seem appropriate.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-64-11"><num>(11)</num><content>If a warrant under subsection <ref href="#section-64-7">(7)</ref> is not executed, an inspector must return it to the court from which it was issued as soon as reasonably practicable with an endorsement stating that it was not executed.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-64-12"><num>(12)</num><content>References in this section to a justice of the peace include a sheriff in Scotland.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-65"><num>65</num><heading>Powers in respect of road traffic</heading><subsection eId="section-65-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>An inspector may for the purposes of an investigation—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-65-1-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>direct a person driving or propelling a vehicle, or riding an animal, on a road to—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-65-1-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>stop the vehicle or animal, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-65-1-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>make it proceed in, or keep to, a particular line of traffic;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-65-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>direct a person proceeding on foot on or immediately adjacent to a road to stop.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-65-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Such a direction may be made by placing a traffic sign—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-65-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on the road,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-65-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>immediately adjacent to the road, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-65-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on any structure on the road or immediately adjacent to the road.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-65-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The inspector must remove such a sign by the end of the period of seven days beginning with the day it was placed; and a sign remaining in place after the end of that period no longer has effect.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-65-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>An inspector may for the purposes of an investigation—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-65-1-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>direct a person driving or propelling a vehicle, or riding an animal, on a road to—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-65-1-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>stop the vehicle or animal, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-65-1-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>make it proceed in, or keep to, a particular line of traffic;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-65-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>direct a person proceeding on foot on or immediately adjacent to a road to stop.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-65-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Such a direction may be made by placing a traffic sign—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-65-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on the road,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-65-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>immediately adjacent to the road, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-65-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on any structure on the road or immediately adjacent to the road.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-65-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The inspector must remove such a sign by the end of the period of seven days beginning with the day it was placed; and a sign remaining in place after the end of that period no longer has effect.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-66"><num>66</num><heading>Offences of impeding investigation</heading><subsection eId="section-66-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if the person—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-66-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>intentionally obstructs a person in the exercise of the powers conferred by or under section <ref href="#section-63">63</ref>, <ref href="#section-64">64</ref> or <ref href="#section-65">65</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with a requirement made of the person in the exercise of those powers, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in response to such a requirement, makes a statement that is false or misleading in a material respect, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A person commits an offence if the person impersonates an inspector and purports to be carrying out an investigation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-3"><num>(3)</num><content>A person commits an offence if the person fails to comply with a direction under section <ref href="#section-65">65</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-66-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-66-2">(2)</ref> is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-66-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-66-3">(3)</ref> is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-66-6"><num>(6)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-4">Schedule 4</ref> makes amendments in connection with the offence in subsection <ref href="#section-66-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-66-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if the person—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-66-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>intentionally obstructs a person in the exercise of the powers conferred by or under section <ref href="#section-63">63</ref>, <ref href="#section-64">64</ref> or <ref href="#section-65">65</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with a requirement made of the person in the exercise of those powers, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in response to such a requirement, makes a statement that is false or misleading in a material respect, knowing it to be so or being reckless as to whether it is.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-66-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A person commits an offence if the person impersonates an inspector and purports to be carrying out an investigation.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-66-3"><num>(3)</num><content>A person commits an offence if the person fails to comply with a direction under section <ref href="#section-65">65</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-66-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-66-1">(1)</ref> or <ref href="#section-66-2">(2)</ref> is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-66-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-66-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-66-5"><num>(5)</num><content>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-66-3">(3)</ref> is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-66-6"><num>(6)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-4">Schedule 4</ref> makes amendments in connection with the offence in subsection <ref href="#section-66-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-67"><num>67</num><heading>Application to police officers</heading><subsection eId="section-67-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An inspector may exercise a power under sections <ref href="#section-63">63</ref> to <ref href="#section-65">65</ref> in relation to a constable as in relation to any other person, subject to regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-67-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-67-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-67-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an inspector may require a constable to provide information, items or material held by the constable or by the force or body to which the constable belongs in connection with an investigation conducted by the constable, force or body;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-67-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>where a constable is investigating an incident that an inspector is also investigating, the inspector may require the constable to—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>allow the inspector access to a place where the constable is investigating;</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allow the inspector access to information, items or material relevant to the inspector’s investigation;</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>allow the inspector to interview a witness to the incident (including a person suspected of committing an offence in connection with the incident) in advance of any other interview of that witness.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-67-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may by regulations specify circumstances in which—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-67-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an inspector may not exercise a power in relation to a constable;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-67-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a constable is not required to comply with a requirement of an inspector;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-67-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a constable does not commit an offence under section <ref href="#section-66">66</ref>.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-67-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An inspector may exercise a power under sections <ref href="#section-63">63</ref> to <ref href="#section-65">65</ref> in relation to a constable as in relation to any other person, subject to regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-67-3">(3)</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-67-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-67-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an inspector may require a constable to provide information, items or material held by the constable or by the force or body to which the constable belongs in connection with an investigation conducted by the constable, force or body;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-67-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>where a constable is investigating an incident that an inspector is also investigating, the inspector may require the constable to—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>allow the inspector access to a place where the constable is investigating;</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allow the inspector access to information, items or material relevant to the inspector’s investigation;</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>allow the inspector to interview a witness to the incident (including a person suspected of committing an offence in connection with the incident) in advance of any other interview of that witness.</content></level></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-67-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an inspector may require a constable to provide information, items or material held by the constable or by the force or body to which the constable belongs in connection with an investigation conducted by the constable, force or body;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-67-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>where a constable is investigating an incident that an inspector is also investigating, the inspector may require the constable to—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>allow the inspector access to a place where the constable is investigating;</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>allow the inspector access to information, items or material relevant to the inspector’s investigation;</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-67-2-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>allow the inspector to interview a witness to the incident (including a person suspected of committing an offence in connection with the incident) in advance of any other interview of that witness.</content></level></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-67-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may by regulations specify circumstances in which—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-67-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>an inspector may not exercise a power in relation to a constable;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-67-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a constable is not required to comply with a requirement of an inspector;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-67-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a constable does not commit an offence under section <ref href="#section-66">66</ref>.</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-68"><num>68</num><heading>Report of findings</heading><subsection eId="section-68-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An inspector must report any findings of an investigation to the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-68-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A report under this section is not prevented by section <ref href="#section-61">61</ref><ref href="#section-61-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-62">62</ref><ref href="#section-62-1">(1)</ref> from making a finding from which blame or liability could be inferred (although it may not express an opinion on such blame or liability).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-68-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about reports under this section.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-68-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular, make provision as to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the form a report is to take;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the time by which a report must be made;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the circumstances in which a report must or must not make a recommendation;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-d"><num>(d)</num><content>whether and how interested persons are to be given the opportunity to comment on a draft report;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-e"><num>(e)</num><content>publication of reports;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-f"><num>(f)</num><content>the admissibility of reports in judicial proceedings;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-g"><num>(g)</num><content>how an inspector is to monitor and take action further to the recommendations in a report.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-68-1"><num>(1)</num><content>An inspector must report any findings of an investigation to the Secretary of State.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-68-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A report under this section is not prevented by section <ref href="#section-61">61</ref><ref href="#section-61-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-62">62</ref><ref href="#section-62-1">(1)</ref> from making a finding from which blame or liability could be inferred (although it may not express an opinion on such blame or liability).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-68-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about reports under this section.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-68-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular, make provision as to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the form a report is to take;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the time by which a report must be made;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the circumstances in which a report must or must not make a recommendation;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-d"><num>(d)</num><content>whether and how interested persons are to be given the opportunity to comment on a draft report;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-e"><num>(e)</num><content>publication of reports;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-f"><num>(f)</num><content>the admissibility of reports in judicial proceedings;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-68-4-g"><num>(g)</num><content>how an inspector is to monitor and take action further to the recommendations in a report.</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-68-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the form a report is to take;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-68-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the time by which a report must be made;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-68-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the circumstances in which a report must or must not make a recommendation;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-68-4-d"><num>(d)</num><content>whether and how interested persons are to be given the opportunity to comment on a draft report;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-68-4-e"><num>(e)</num><content>publication of reports;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-68-4-f"><num>(f)</num><content>the admissibility of reports in judicial proceedings;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-68-4-g"><num>(g)</num><content>how an inspector is to monitor and take action further to the recommendations in a report.</content></level>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-69"><num>69</num><heading>Appointment of additional persons to exercise investigatory powers</heading><subsection eId="section-69-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-69-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>requiring or permitting an inspector to appoint a person to conduct or participate in an investigation;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-69-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>conferring on such a person a power of an inspector for the purposes of an investigation.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-69-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A person given functions by regulations under this section is to exercise them on behalf of the Crown (and, in particular, is to be taken in respect of those functions to be an officer of the Crown for the purposes of the Crown Proceedings Act 1947).</content></subsection></section>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-70"><num>70</num><heading>Additional power in respect of information and material</heading><subsection eId="section-70-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may make regulations requiring a person to provide to an inspector, or allow an inspector access to, information, items or material other than in response to a requirement made under section <ref href="#section-63">63</ref>, in such manner as is specified in the regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-70-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Regulations under this section must specify the purpose for which the information, items or material is or are to be provided (which must be purposes of an investigation or of any other function of an inspector).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-70-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Regulations under this section may create an offence (see further section <ref href="#section-76">76</ref>).</content></subsection></section>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-71"><num>71</num><heading>Obtaining reports from police</heading><subsection eId="section-71-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, require a chief officer of police to report to an inspector incidents which—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-71-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occur in the area of the chief officer’s police force, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-71-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>are of a description set out in the regulations.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-71-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Regulations under this section may limit the requirement to cases in which an inspector requests a report.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-71-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Regulations under this section must be framed with the intention that only relevant incidents, or incidents that may be found to be relevant incidents, will be reported.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-71-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Regulations under this section may contain provision about the timing, form and contents of reports.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-71-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, require a chief officer of police to report to an inspector incidents which—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-71-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>occur in the area of the chief officer’s police force, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-71-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>are of a description set out in the regulations.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-71-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Regulations under this section may limit the requirement to cases in which an inspector requests a report.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-71-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Regulations under this section must be framed with the intention that only relevant incidents, or incidents that may be found to be relevant incidents, will be reported.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-71-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Regulations under this section may contain provision about the timing, form and contents of reports.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-72"><num>72</num><heading>Ancillary functions</heading><subsection eId="section-72-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>An inspector may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-72-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>produce and publish information about the safety of authorised automated vehicles or about investigations;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>support the functions of a person within subsection <ref href="#section-72-3">(3)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-1-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>assist any other person in or outside the United Kingdom, with or without charge, in doing anything that the inspector considers would contribute to—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-72-1-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the purpose in section <ref href="#section-61">61</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-72-1-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an equivalent purpose outside Great Britain;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>carry out such other functions as the inspector considers would contribute to such a purpose.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-72-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-72-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>requiring an inspector to exercise a power in subsection <ref href="#section-72-1">(1)</ref> in such manner as is specified in the regulations;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>limiting the manner in which any such power may be exercised.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-72-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The persons referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-72-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-72-1-b">(b)</ref> are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person appointed as an inspector of marine accidents under section 267 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a person responsible for the investigation of accidents arising out of or in the course of air navigation under regulations made under section 75 of the Civil Aviation Act 1982;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a person appointed as an inspector of rail accidents under section 3 of the Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>a person responsible for the investigation of accidents arising out of or in the course of spaceflight activities under regulations made under section 20 of the Space Industry Act 2018;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>any other person an inspector considers to have functions corresponding to those of an inspector, or a person within the preceding paragraphs, whether in or outside the United Kingdom.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-72-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>An inspector may—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-72-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>produce and publish information about the safety of authorised automated vehicles or about investigations;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>support the functions of a person within subsection <ref href="#section-72-3">(3)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-1-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>assist any other person in or outside the United Kingdom, with or without charge, in doing anything that the inspector considers would contribute to—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-72-1-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the purpose in section <ref href="#section-61">61</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-72-1-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an equivalent purpose outside Great Britain;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>carry out such other functions as the inspector considers would contribute to such a purpose.</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-72-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>produce and publish information about the safety of authorised automated vehicles or about investigations;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-72-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>support the functions of a person within subsection <ref href="#section-72-3">(3)</ref>;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-72-1-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>assist any other person in or outside the United Kingdom, with or without charge, in doing anything that the inspector considers would contribute to—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-72-1-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the purpose in section <ref href="#section-61">61</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-72-1-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>an equivalent purpose outside Great Britain;</content></level></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-72-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>carry out such other functions as the inspector considers would contribute to such a purpose.</content></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-72-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-72-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>requiring an inspector to exercise a power in subsection <ref href="#section-72-1">(1)</ref> in such manner as is specified in the regulations;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>limiting the manner in which any such power may be exercised.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-72-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The persons referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-72-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-72-1-b">(b)</ref> are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person appointed as an inspector of marine accidents under section 267 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a person responsible for the investigation of accidents arising out of or in the course of air navigation under regulations made under section 75 of the Civil Aviation Act 1982;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a person appointed as an inspector of rail accidents under section 3 of the Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>a person responsible for the investigation of accidents arising out of or in the course of spaceflight activities under regulations made under section 20 of the Space Industry Act 2018;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-72-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>any other person an inspector considers to have functions corresponding to those of an inspector, or a person within the preceding paragraphs, whether in or outside the United Kingdom.</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-72-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a person appointed as an inspector of marine accidents under section 267 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-72-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a person responsible for the investigation of accidents arising out of or in the course of air navigation under regulations made under section 75 of the Civil Aviation Act 1982;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-72-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a person appointed as an inspector of rail accidents under section 3 of the Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-72-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>a person responsible for the investigation of accidents arising out of or in the course of spaceflight activities under regulations made under section 20 of the Space Industry Act 2018;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-72-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>any other person an inspector considers to have functions corresponding to those of an inspector, or a person within the preceding paragraphs, whether in or outside the United Kingdom.</content></level>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-73"><num>73</num><heading>Protection of information</heading><subsection eId="section-73-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies in relation to information obtained by an inspector in connection with the inspector’s functions.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>provision authorising the inspector to disclose the information to another person for a purpose specified in the regulations;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>other provision about how the information is to be dealt with.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>permit or require the retention or destruction of the information;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>disapply any power under an enactment that might otherwise be used to obtain the information;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>make provision about the admissibility in judicial proceedings of the information;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>confer jurisdiction on a court or tribunal.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-73-5">(5)</ref> applies to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the inspector,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any person who obtains the information on behalf of the inspector, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>any person who obtains the information directly or indirectly from the inspector (other than by way of publication).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>It is an offence for the person to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to any other person, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained,</content></level><wrapUp>except as authorised by or under this Part or any other enactment.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>But it is a defence to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person who provided the information to the inspector consented to the disclosure or use,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person to whom subsection <ref href="#section-73-5">(5)</ref> applies reasonably believed that the disclosure or use was lawful, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a disclosure, that the information had already lawfully been disclosed to the other person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-73-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-73-5">(5)</ref> is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-73-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies in relation to information obtained by an inspector in connection with the inspector’s functions.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-73-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>provision authorising the inspector to disclose the information to another person for a purpose specified in the regulations;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>other provision about how the information is to be dealt with.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-73-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>permit or require the retention or destruction of the information;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>disapply any power under an enactment that might otherwise be used to obtain the information;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>make provision about the admissibility in judicial proceedings of the information;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>confer jurisdiction on a court or tribunal.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-73-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-73-5">(5)</ref> applies to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the inspector,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any person who obtains the information on behalf of the inspector, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>any person who obtains the information directly or indirectly from the inspector (other than by way of publication).</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-73-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>It is an offence for the person to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to any other person, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained,</content></level><wrapUp>except as authorised by or under this Part or any other enactment.</wrapUp></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-73-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>But it is a defence to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person who provided the information to the inspector consented to the disclosure or use,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person to whom subsection <ref href="#section-73-5">(5)</ref> applies reasonably believed that the disclosure or use was lawful, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a disclosure, that the information had already lawfully been disclosed to the other person.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-73-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-73-5">(5)</ref> is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-73-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-73-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-74"><num>74</num><heading>Further provision about physical evidence</heading><subsection eId="section-74-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies in relation to an item or material obtained by an inspector under section <ref href="#section-63">63</ref> or <ref href="#section-64">64</ref> or regulations under section <ref href="#section-70">70</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-74-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The inspector must, on request by the person from whom the item or material is obtained—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-74-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>give a receipt for the item or material, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a document readily capable of being copied, give a copy of it.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-74-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The item or material may be retained in the possession of the inspector for so long as the inspector considers necessary for the purposes for which it was obtained.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-74-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>An inspector may for those purposes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-74-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>examine the item or material (using reasonable force if necessary), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any information obtained from the item or material.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-74-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about how items or material obtained by an inspector in connection with the inspector’s functions are to be dealt with.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-74-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>authorise the retention or use of an item or material for purposes other than those for which it was obtained;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>authorise the delivery of an item or material to a person other than its owner;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>authorise the destruction of an item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-d"><num>(d)</num><content>make provision about the admissibility in judicial proceedings of evidence relating to an item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-e"><num>(e)</num><content>create an offence (see further section <ref href="#section-76">76</ref>);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-f"><num>(f)</num><content>confer jurisdiction on a court or tribunal.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-74-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies in relation to an item or material obtained by an inspector under section <ref href="#section-63">63</ref> or <ref href="#section-64">64</ref> or regulations under section <ref href="#section-70">70</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-74-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The inspector must, on request by the person from whom the item or material is obtained—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-74-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>give a receipt for the item or material, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a document readily capable of being copied, give a copy of it.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-74-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The item or material may be retained in the possession of the inspector for so long as the inspector considers necessary for the purposes for which it was obtained.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-74-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>An inspector may for those purposes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-74-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>examine the item or material (using reasonable force if necessary), and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>record (in whatever form) any information obtained from the item or material.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-74-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make further provision about how items or material obtained by an inspector in connection with the inspector’s functions are to be dealt with.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-74-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>Such regulations may, in particular—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>authorise the retention or use of an item or material for purposes other than those for which it was obtained;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>authorise the delivery of an item or material to a person other than its owner;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>authorise the destruction of an item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-d"><num>(d)</num><content>make provision about the admissibility in judicial proceedings of evidence relating to an item or material;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-e"><num>(e)</num><content>create an offence (see further section <ref href="#section-76">76</ref>);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-74-6-f"><num>(f)</num><content>confer jurisdiction on a court or tribunal.</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-74-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>authorise the retention or use of an item or material for purposes other than those for which it was obtained;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-74-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>authorise the delivery of an item or material to a person other than its owner;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-74-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>authorise the destruction of an item or material;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-74-6-d"><num>(d)</num><content>make provision about the admissibility in judicial proceedings of evidence relating to an item or material;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-74-6-e"><num>(e)</num><content>create an offence (see further section <ref href="#section-76">76</ref>);</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-74-6-f"><num>(f)</num><content>confer jurisdiction on a court or tribunal.</content></level>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-75"><num>75</num><heading>Expenses</heading><subsection eId="section-75-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may make regulations entitling—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-75-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the Secretary of State to recover from any other person, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-75-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any other person (including an inspector) to recover from the Secretary of State,</content></level><wrapUp>expenses, costs or losses incurred in, or in connection with, the exercise of an inspector’s functions.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-75-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Regulations under this section may confer jurisdiction on a court or tribunal.</content></subsection></section>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-76"><num>76</num><heading>Offences under regulations</heading><subsection eId="section-76-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Where regulations under this Chapter create an offence, they may provide for the offence to be triable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-76-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>only summarily, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>summarily or on indictment.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-76-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Where the regulations provide for the offence to be triable only summarily, they may provide for the offence to be punishable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-76-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding the maximum term for summary offences or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale (or both);</content></level><wrapUp>or (in either case) by any lesser punishment.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-76-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Where the regulations provide for the offence to be triable summarily or on indictment, they may provide for the offence to be punishable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-76-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both);</content></level><wrapUp>or (in any of those cases) by any lesser punishment.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-76-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-82-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-82-2-a">(a)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-the-maximum-term-for-summary-offences" eId="term-the-maximum-term-for-summary-offences">the maximum term for summary offences</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-76-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>if the offence is committed before the time when section 281(5) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 comes into force, six months;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>if the offence is committed after that time, 51 weeks.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-76-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Where regulations under this Chapter create an offence, they may provide for the offence to be triable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-76-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>only summarily, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>summarily or on indictment.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-76-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>Where the regulations provide for the offence to be triable only summarily, they may provide for the offence to be punishable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-76-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding the maximum term for summary offences or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale (or both);</content></level><wrapUp>or (in either case) by any lesser punishment.</wrapUp></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-76-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Where the regulations provide for the offence to be triable summarily or on indictment, they may provide for the offence to be punishable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-76-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both);</content></level><wrapUp>or (in any of those cases) by any lesser punishment.</wrapUp></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-76-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-82-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-82-2-a">(a)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-the-maximum-term-for-summary-offences" eId="term-the-maximum-term-for-summary-offences">the maximum term for summary offences</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-76-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>if the offence is committed before the time when section 281(5) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 comes into force, six months;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-76-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>if the offence is committed after that time, 51 weeks.</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-77"><num>77</num><heading>Interpretation</heading><intro>In this Chapter—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automated-vehicle" eId="term-authorised-automated-vehicle">authorised automated vehicle</term>” includes a vehicle that has been, but is no longer, an authorised automated vehicle within the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-94">94</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-dwelling" eId="term-dwelling">dwelling</term>” means any premises wholly or mainly used as a place of residence (and includes any garden, yard, outhouse or other appurtenance which is not used in common by the occupants of multiple such premises);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-inspector" eId="term-inspector">inspector</term>” means an inspector appointed under section 60, and also includes, in relation to the exercise of a power further to regulations under section <ref href="#section-69">69</ref><ref href="#section-69-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-69-1-b">(b)</ref>, the person exercising that power;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-investigation" eId="term-investigation">investigation</term>” means an investigation under section <ref href="#section-62">62</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-premises" eId="term-premises">premises</term>” includes any land;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-relevant-incident" eId="term-relevant-incident">relevant incident</term>” has the meaning given by section <ref href="#section-62">62</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-traffic-sign" eId="term-traffic-sign">traffic sign</term>” has the meaning given by section 64(1) of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984.</content></hcontainer></section>

<part xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="part-4"><num>Part 4</num><heading>Marketing restrictions</heading><section eId="section-78"><num>78</num><heading>Restriction of certain terms to authorised automated vehicles</heading><subsection eId="section-78-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, specify words, expressions, symbols or marks as appropriate for use in connection with road vehicles only if used in connection with authorised automated vehicles (whether generally or of a description given in the regulations).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-78-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-78-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person uses, or causes or permits the use of, a restricted term in connection with the promotion or supply of a road vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person is acting in the course of business,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the use of the restricted term is directed at an end-user or potential end-user of the vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>it is reasonable to anticipate that the use of the term will come to the attention of an end-user or potential end-user of the vehicle in Great Britain, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>the vehicle is not an appropriate vehicle.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-78-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-78-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person uses, or causes or permits the use of, a restricted term in connection with the promotion or supply of a product intended for use as equipment of a road vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person is acting in the course of business,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the use of the restricted term is directed at an end-user or potential end-user of a road vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>it is reasonable to anticipate that the use of the term will come to the attention of an end-user or potential end-user of a road vehicle in Great Britain, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>the restricted term is not used specifically in relation to the use of the product as equipment of an appropriate vehicle.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-78-4"><num>(4)</num><content>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that the restricted term was used in a way that was not intended to convey, and could not reasonably have been understood as conveying, any meaning to do with automation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-78-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-78-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the use of the restricted term was directed only at end-users or potential end-users of vehicles outside Great Britain, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-5-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the person took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-78-5-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>to prevent the use of the restricted term from coming to the attention of end-users or potential end-users of road vehicles in Great Britain, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-78-5-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>to ensure that such end-users or potential end-users would understand that the use of the restricted term was not directed at them.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-78-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-78-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the business in the course of which the person was acting did not involve the manufacture or supply of the vehicle or equipment in question,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the communication in which the restricted term was used was formulated in the course of another business, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the person did not know, and had no reason to suspect, that the use of the restricted term would amount to an offence under this section.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-78-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-78-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-78-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-appropriate-vehicle" eId="term-appropriate-vehicle">appropriate vehicle</term>”, in relation to the use of a restricted term, means an authorised automated vehicle in connection with which the use of the restricted term is specified under subsection <ref href="#section-78-1">(1)</ref> as appropriate;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-restricted-term" eId="term-restricted-term">restricted term</term>” means a word, expression, symbol or mark specified under subsection <ref href="#section-78-1">(1)</ref>.</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-78-9"><num>(9)</num><content>For the purposes of this section, a person is to be taken to use a restricted term if the person uses a word, expression symbol or mark so closely resembling a restricted term as to be likely to be mistaken for it.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-79"><num>79</num><heading>Communications likely to confuse as to autonomous capability</heading><subsection eId="section-79-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-79-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person makes, or causes or permits the making of, a communication in connection with the promotion or supply of any product or service,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person is acting in the course of business,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the communication is directed at an end-user or potential end-user of a road vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>it is reasonable to anticipate that the communication will come to the attention of an end-user or potential end-user of a road vehicle in Great Britain, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-1-e"><num>(e)</num><content>the communication would be likely to confuse end-users of road vehicles in Great Britain as to whether a vehicle that is not an authorised automated vehicle is capable of travelling autonomously, safely and legally on roads or other public places in Great Britain.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-79-2"><num>(2)</num><content>It is to be assumed for the purposes of this section that a vehicle that is not an authorised automated vehicle is not so capable.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-79-3"><num>(3)</num><content>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that the person took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to prevent end-users or potential end-users of road vehicles in Great Britain from being confused as described in subsection <ref href="#section-79-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-79-1-e">(e)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-79-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-79-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the business in the course of which the person was acting did not involve the manufacture or supply of the product, or the supply of the service, in question,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the communication was formulated in the course of another business, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the person did not know, and had no reason to suspect, that the making of the communication would amount to an offence under this section.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-79-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-79-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-80"><num>80</num><heading>Liability of corporate officers etc</heading><subsection eId="section-80-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-80-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a relevant entity commits an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the offence is—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-80-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>committed with the consent or connivance of a responsible person, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-80-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>attributable to any neglect on the part of a responsible person,</content></level></level><wrapUp>that person also commits the offence.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-80-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-80-1">(1)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-entity" eId="term-relevant-entity">relevant entity</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-80-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a body corporate,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a partnership, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a firm or other entity similar in nature to a partnership established under a foreign law.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-80-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-80-1">(1)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-responsible-person" eId="term-responsible-person">responsible person</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-80-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of a body corporate other than one within paragraph <ref href="#section-80-3-b">(b)</ref>, a director, manager, secretary or other similar officer;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a limited liability partnership, or an entity of similar nature established under a foreign law, a member who takes part in the management of the partnership or entity;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a partnership or an entity within subsection <ref href="#section-80-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-80-2-c">(c)</ref>, a partner who takes part in the management of the partnership or entity.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-80-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A reference in subsection <ref href="#section-80-3">(3)</ref> to a person holding a particular position includes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-80-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of a body or entity established under a foreign law, any person holding a corresponding position under that law, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any person purporting to act in the position referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-80-3">(3)</ref> (including as it is read by virtue of paragraph <ref href="#section-80-4-a">(a)</ref>).</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-81"><num>81</num><heading>Interpretation and supplementary provision</heading><subsection eId="section-81-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>In sections <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> and <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-end-user" eId="term-end-user">end-user</term>”, in relation to a vehicle, means a person who uses the vehicle on a road or other public place other than for commercial purposes to do with the development, manufacture or supply of the vehicle;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-equipment" eId="term-equipment">equipment</term>” has the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-product" eId="term-product">product</term>” includes software.</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-81-2"><num>(2)</num><content>For the purposes of those sections, a communication is to be taken to be directed at an end-user or potential end-user of a vehicle if it is directed at a class of persons likely to include such a person.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-81-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An offence under those sections can be committed anywhere in the world.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-81-4"><num>(4)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-5">Schedule 5</ref> makes provision about the enforcement of sections <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> and <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-81-5"><num>(5)</num><content>If section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref> comes into force before paragraph <ref href="#schedule-2-paragraph-5">5</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-2">Schedule 2</ref>, it is to be read as if any reference to an authorised automated vehicle included a vehicle listed under section 1 of the Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018.</content></subsection></section></part>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-78"><num>78</num><heading>Restriction of certain terms to authorised automated vehicles</heading><subsection eId="section-78-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, specify words, expressions, symbols or marks as appropriate for use in connection with road vehicles only if used in connection with authorised automated vehicles (whether generally or of a description given in the regulations).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-78-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-78-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person uses, or causes or permits the use of, a restricted term in connection with the promotion or supply of a road vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person is acting in the course of business,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the use of the restricted term is directed at an end-user or potential end-user of the vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>it is reasonable to anticipate that the use of the term will come to the attention of an end-user or potential end-user of the vehicle in Great Britain, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>the vehicle is not an appropriate vehicle.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-78-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-78-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person uses, or causes or permits the use of, a restricted term in connection with the promotion or supply of a product intended for use as equipment of a road vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person is acting in the course of business,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the use of the restricted term is directed at an end-user or potential end-user of a road vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>it is reasonable to anticipate that the use of the term will come to the attention of an end-user or potential end-user of a road vehicle in Great Britain, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>the restricted term is not used specifically in relation to the use of the product as equipment of an appropriate vehicle.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-78-4"><num>(4)</num><content>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that the restricted term was used in a way that was not intended to convey, and could not reasonably have been understood as conveying, any meaning to do with automation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-78-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-78-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the use of the restricted term was directed only at end-users or potential end-users of vehicles outside Great Britain, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-5-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the person took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-78-5-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>to prevent the use of the restricted term from coming to the attention of end-users or potential end-users of road vehicles in Great Britain, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-78-5-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>to ensure that such end-users or potential end-users would understand that the use of the restricted term was not directed at them.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-78-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-78-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the business in the course of which the person was acting did not involve the manufacture or supply of the vehicle or equipment in question,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the communication in which the restricted term was used was formulated in the course of another business, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the person did not know, and had no reason to suspect, that the use of the restricted term would amount to an offence under this section.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-78-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-78-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-78-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-appropriate-vehicle" eId="term-appropriate-vehicle">appropriate vehicle</term>”, in relation to the use of a restricted term, means an authorised automated vehicle in connection with which the use of the restricted term is specified under subsection <ref href="#section-78-1">(1)</ref> as appropriate;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-restricted-term" eId="term-restricted-term">restricted term</term>” means a word, expression, symbol or mark specified under subsection <ref href="#section-78-1">(1)</ref>.</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-78-9"><num>(9)</num><content>For the purposes of this section, a person is to be taken to use a restricted term if the person uses a word, expression symbol or mark so closely resembling a restricted term as to be likely to be mistaken for it.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-78-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, specify words, expressions, symbols or marks as appropriate for use in connection with road vehicles only if used in connection with authorised automated vehicles (whether generally or of a description given in the regulations).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-78-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-78-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person uses, or causes or permits the use of, a restricted term in connection with the promotion or supply of a road vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person is acting in the course of business,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the use of the restricted term is directed at an end-user or potential end-user of the vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>it is reasonable to anticipate that the use of the term will come to the attention of an end-user or potential end-user of the vehicle in Great Britain, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>the vehicle is not an appropriate vehicle.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-78-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-78-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person uses, or causes or permits the use of, a restricted term in connection with the promotion or supply of a product intended for use as equipment of a road vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person is acting in the course of business,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the use of the restricted term is directed at an end-user or potential end-user of a road vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>it is reasonable to anticipate that the use of the term will come to the attention of an end-user or potential end-user of a road vehicle in Great Britain, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>the restricted term is not used specifically in relation to the use of the product as equipment of an appropriate vehicle.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-78-4"><num>(4)</num><content>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that the restricted term was used in a way that was not intended to convey, and could not reasonably have been understood as conveying, any meaning to do with automation.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-78-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-78-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the use of the restricted term was directed only at end-users or potential end-users of vehicles outside Great Britain, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-5-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the person took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-78-5-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>to prevent the use of the restricted term from coming to the attention of end-users or potential end-users of road vehicles in Great Britain, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-78-5-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>to ensure that such end-users or potential end-users would understand that the use of the restricted term was not directed at them.</content></level></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-78-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the use of the restricted term was directed only at end-users or potential end-users of vehicles outside Great Britain, and</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-78-5-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the person took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-78-5-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>to prevent the use of the restricted term from coming to the attention of end-users or potential end-users of road vehicles in Great Britain, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-78-5-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>to ensure that such end-users or potential end-users would understand that the use of the restricted term was not directed at them.</content></level></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-78-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-78-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the business in the course of which the person was acting did not involve the manufacture or supply of the vehicle or equipment in question,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the communication in which the restricted term was used was formulated in the course of another business, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the person did not know, and had no reason to suspect, that the use of the restricted term would amount to an offence under this section.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-78-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-78-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-78-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-78-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-appropriate-vehicle" eId="term-appropriate-vehicle">appropriate vehicle</term>”, in relation to the use of a restricted term, means an authorised automated vehicle in connection with which the use of the restricted term is specified under subsection <ref href="#section-78-1">(1)</ref> as appropriate;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-restricted-term" eId="term-restricted-term">restricted term</term>” means a word, expression, symbol or mark specified under subsection <ref href="#section-78-1">(1)</ref>.</content></hcontainer></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-78-9"><num>(9)</num><content>For the purposes of this section, a person is to be taken to use a restricted term if the person uses a word, expression symbol or mark so closely resembling a restricted term as to be likely to be mistaken for it.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-79"><num>79</num><heading>Communications likely to confuse as to autonomous capability</heading><subsection eId="section-79-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-79-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person makes, or causes or permits the making of, a communication in connection with the promotion or supply of any product or service,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person is acting in the course of business,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the communication is directed at an end-user or potential end-user of a road vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>it is reasonable to anticipate that the communication will come to the attention of an end-user or potential end-user of a road vehicle in Great Britain, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-1-e"><num>(e)</num><content>the communication would be likely to confuse end-users of road vehicles in Great Britain as to whether a vehicle that is not an authorised automated vehicle is capable of travelling autonomously, safely and legally on roads or other public places in Great Britain.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-79-2"><num>(2)</num><content>It is to be assumed for the purposes of this section that a vehicle that is not an authorised automated vehicle is not so capable.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-79-3"><num>(3)</num><content>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that the person took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to prevent end-users or potential end-users of road vehicles in Great Britain from being confused as described in subsection <ref href="#section-79-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-79-1-e">(e)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-79-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-79-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the business in the course of which the person was acting did not involve the manufacture or supply of the product, or the supply of the service, in question,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the communication was formulated in the course of another business, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the person did not know, and had no reason to suspect, that the making of the communication would amount to an offence under this section.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-79-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-79-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-79-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>A person commits an offence if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-79-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person makes, or causes or permits the making of, a communication in connection with the promotion or supply of any product or service,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person is acting in the course of business,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the communication is directed at an end-user or potential end-user of a road vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>it is reasonable to anticipate that the communication will come to the attention of an end-user or potential end-user of a road vehicle in Great Britain, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-1-e"><num>(e)</num><content>the communication would be likely to confuse end-users of road vehicles in Great Britain as to whether a vehicle that is not an authorised automated vehicle is capable of travelling autonomously, safely and legally on roads or other public places in Great Britain.</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-79-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person makes, or causes or permits the making of, a communication in connection with the promotion or supply of any product or service,</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-79-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person is acting in the course of business,</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-79-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the communication is directed at an end-user or potential end-user of a road vehicle,</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-79-1-d"><num>(d)</num><content>it is reasonable to anticipate that the communication will come to the attention of an end-user or potential end-user of a road vehicle in Great Britain, and</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-79-1-e"><num>(e)</num><content>the communication would be likely to confuse end-users of road vehicles in Great Britain as to whether a vehicle that is not an authorised automated vehicle is capable of travelling autonomously, safely and legally on roads or other public places in Great Britain.</content></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-79-2"><num>(2)</num><content>It is to be assumed for the purposes of this section that a vehicle that is not an authorised automated vehicle is not so capable.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-79-3"><num>(3)</num><content>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that the person took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to prevent end-users or potential end-users of road vehicles in Great Britain from being confused as described in subsection <ref href="#section-79-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-79-1-e">(e)</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-79-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>It is a defence for a person accused of an offence under this section to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-79-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the business in the course of which the person was acting did not involve the manufacture or supply of the product, or the supply of the service, in question,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the communication was formulated in the course of another business, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the person did not know, and had no reason to suspect, that the making of the communication would amount to an offence under this section.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-79-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under this section is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-79-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England or Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-79-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine (or both).</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-80"><num>80</num><heading>Liability of corporate officers etc</heading><subsection eId="section-80-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-80-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a relevant entity commits an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the offence is—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-80-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>committed with the consent or connivance of a responsible person, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-80-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>attributable to any neglect on the part of a responsible person,</content></level></level><wrapUp>that person also commits the offence.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-80-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-80-1">(1)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-entity" eId="term-relevant-entity">relevant entity</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-80-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a body corporate,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a partnership, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a firm or other entity similar in nature to a partnership established under a foreign law.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-80-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-80-1">(1)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-responsible-person" eId="term-responsible-person">responsible person</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-80-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of a body corporate other than one within paragraph <ref href="#section-80-3-b">(b)</ref>, a director, manager, secretary or other similar officer;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a limited liability partnership, or an entity of similar nature established under a foreign law, a member who takes part in the management of the partnership or entity;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a partnership or an entity within subsection <ref href="#section-80-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-80-2-c">(c)</ref>, a partner who takes part in the management of the partnership or entity.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-80-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A reference in subsection <ref href="#section-80-3">(3)</ref> to a person holding a particular position includes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-80-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of a body or entity established under a foreign law, any person holding a corresponding position under that law, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any person purporting to act in the position referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-80-3">(3)</ref> (including as it is read by virtue of paragraph <ref href="#section-80-4-a">(a)</ref>).</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-80-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-80-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a relevant entity commits an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>the offence is—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-80-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>committed with the consent or connivance of a responsible person, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-80-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>attributable to any neglect on the part of a responsible person,</content></level></level><wrapUp>that person also commits the offence.</wrapUp></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-80-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-80-1">(1)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-entity" eId="term-relevant-entity">relevant entity</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-80-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a body corporate,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a partnership, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a firm or other entity similar in nature to a partnership established under a foreign law.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-80-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>In subsection <ref href="#section-80-1">(1)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-responsible-person" eId="term-responsible-person">responsible person</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-80-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of a body corporate other than one within paragraph <ref href="#section-80-3-b">(b)</ref>, a director, manager, secretary or other similar officer;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a limited liability partnership, or an entity of similar nature established under a foreign law, a member who takes part in the management of the partnership or entity;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a partnership or an entity within subsection <ref href="#section-80-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#section-80-2-c">(c)</ref>, a partner who takes part in the management of the partnership or entity.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-80-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A reference in subsection <ref href="#section-80-3">(3)</ref> to a person holding a particular position includes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-80-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of a body or entity established under a foreign law, any person holding a corresponding position under that law, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-80-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any person purporting to act in the position referred to in subsection <ref href="#section-80-3">(3)</ref> (including as it is read by virtue of paragraph <ref href="#section-80-4-a">(a)</ref>).</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-81"><num>81</num><heading>Interpretation and supplementary provision</heading><subsection eId="section-81-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>In sections <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> and <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-end-user" eId="term-end-user">end-user</term>”, in relation to a vehicle, means a person who uses the vehicle on a road or other public place other than for commercial purposes to do with the development, manufacture or supply of the vehicle;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-equipment" eId="term-equipment">equipment</term>” has the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-product" eId="term-product">product</term>” includes software.</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-81-2"><num>(2)</num><content>For the purposes of those sections, a communication is to be taken to be directed at an end-user or potential end-user of a vehicle if it is directed at a class of persons likely to include such a person.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-81-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An offence under those sections can be committed anywhere in the world.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-81-4"><num>(4)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-5">Schedule 5</ref> makes provision about the enforcement of sections <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> and <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-81-5"><num>(5)</num><content>If section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref> comes into force before paragraph <ref href="#schedule-2-paragraph-5">5</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-2">Schedule 2</ref>, it is to be read as if any reference to an authorised automated vehicle included a vehicle listed under section 1 of the Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-81-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>In sections <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> and <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-end-user" eId="term-end-user">end-user</term>”, in relation to a vehicle, means a person who uses the vehicle on a road or other public place other than for commercial purposes to do with the development, manufacture or supply of the vehicle;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-equipment" eId="term-equipment">equipment</term>” has the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-product" eId="term-product">product</term>” includes software.</content></hcontainer></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-81-2"><num>(2)</num><content>For the purposes of those sections, a communication is to be taken to be directed at an end-user or potential end-user of a vehicle if it is directed at a class of persons likely to include such a person.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-81-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An offence under those sections can be committed anywhere in the world.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-81-4"><num>(4)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-5">Schedule 5</ref> makes provision about the enforcement of sections <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> and <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-81-5"><num>(5)</num><content>If section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref> comes into force before paragraph <ref href="#schedule-2-paragraph-5">5</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-2">Schedule 2</ref>, it is to be read as if any reference to an authorised automated vehicle included a vehicle listed under section 1 of the Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018.</content></subsection>

<part xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="part-5"><num>Part 5</num><heading>Permits for automated passenger services</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-5-crossheading-content-and-effect-of-permits"><heading>Content and effect of permits</heading><section eId="section-82"><num>82</num><heading>Power to grant permits</heading><subsection eId="section-82-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may grant a person a permit for the provision by the person of automated passenger services.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-82-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An “automated passenger service” is a service that consists of the carrying of passengers in a road vehicle that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-82-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>is designed or adapted to travel autonomously, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>is being used for a trial with the aim of developing vehicles that are so designed or adapted.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-82-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A permit may be granted for either or both of the following purposes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-82-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>securing the application of <ref href="#section-83">section 83</ref> (disapplication of taxi, private hire vehicle and bus legislation);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>satisfying a requirement imposed by regulations under section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref> (licensing of no-user-in-charge operators) in relation to the holding of a permit.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-82-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A permit must specify—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-82-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the areas in which services may be provided under the permit,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the vehicles (or descriptions of vehicle) in which services may be provided under the permit,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the period for which the permit is valid, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-4-d"><num>(d)</num><content>any conditions subject to which the permit is granted (“permit conditions”).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-82-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Permit conditions may take the form of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-82-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>further limitations on the services that may be provided under the permit, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>obligations that the permit holder has to fulfil as a condition of holding the permit.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-82-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In <ref href="#section-82-2">subsection (2)</ref><ref href="#section-82-2-a">(a)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-travel-autonomously" eId="term-travel-autonomously">travel autonomously</term>” has the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> (see section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-5">(5)</ref>).</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-83"><num>83</num><heading>Disapplication of taxi, private hire vehicle and bus legislation</heading><subsection eId="section-83-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-83-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-83-3">(3)</ref> apply while a permit holder is providing an automated passenger service in an area in which, and in a vehicle in which, services may be provided under the permit.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-83-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The vehicle is not to be treated for any purpose as being, or as being used or operated as—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-83-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a hackney carriage within the meaning of the Town Police Clauses Act 1847 or the Metropolitan Public Carriage Act 1869,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-83-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a private hire vehicle within the meaning of the Private Hire Vehicles (London) Act 1998, the Plymouth City Council Act 1975 or Part 2 of the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-83-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a public service vehicle within the meaning of the Public Passenger Vehicles Act 1981, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-83-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>a hire car within the meaning of section 23 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-83-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The provision of the service is not to be treated as driving, standing or plying for hire with the vehicle for the purposes of section 45 of the Town Police Clauses Act 1847.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-84"><num>84</num><heading>Civil sanctions for infringements</heading><subsection eId="section-84-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A permit holder commits an infringement of the permit scheme if the permit holder breaches a permit condition of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-82">82</ref><ref href="#section-82-5">(5)</ref><ref href="#section-82-5-b">(b)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-84-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A permit holder also commits an infringement of the permit scheme if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-84-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the permit holder provides, or offers to provide, a service that consists of the carrying of passengers in a road vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-84-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the permit holder says or does anything that would lead a reasonable passenger (or potential passenger) of the service to think that the service was provided under a permit, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-84-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the service is not such as could be provided under the permit.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-84-3"><num>(3)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-6">Schedule 6</ref> provides for civil sanctions in respect of infringements of the permit scheme.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-5-crossheading-requirements-before-granting-permit"><heading>Requirements before granting permit</heading><section eId="section-85"><num>85</num><heading>Consent requirement for services resembling taxis or private hire vehicles</heading><subsection eId="section-85-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-85-3">(3)</ref> applies where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-85-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority proposes to grant a permit, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>under the proposed permit, an automated passenger service may be provided in a way that would, on the assumptions in <ref href="#section-85-2">subsection (2)</ref>, require a taxi or private hire vehicle licence.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-85-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The assumptions are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-85-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that <ref href="#section-83">section 83</ref> does not apply, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>(so far as would not otherwise be the case) that the vehicle in which the service is provided is driven by an individual.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-85-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may not grant the permit without the consent of each licensing authority in whose area the service may be provided under the proposed permit.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-85-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A licensing authority is to be taken to have given such consent if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-85-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority requests consent in writing, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-4-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>within the relevant period, the licensing authority either—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-85-4-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails to give or refuse consent, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-85-4-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>refuses consent but fails to give written reasons for doing so.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-85-5"><num>(5)</num><content>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-85-4">(4)</ref>, “the relevant period” is the period of six weeks beginning with the day on which the request is made.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-85-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-taxi-or-private-hire-vehicle-licence" eId="term-taxi-or-private-hire-vehicle-licence">taxi or private hire vehicle licence</term>” means a licence under—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>section 37 or 46 of the Town Police Clauses Act 1847 (hackney carriages: England and Wales),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>section 6 or 8 of the Metropolitan Public Carriage Act 1869 (hackney carriages: London),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>section 5, 9 or 13 of the Plymouth City Council Act 1975 (private hire vehicles: Plymouth),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-d"><num>(d)</num><content>section 48, 51 or 55 of the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976 (private hire vehicles: England and Wales),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-e"><num>(e)</num><content>section 10 or 13 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 (taxis and private hire vehicles: Scotland), or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-f"><num>(f)</num><content>section 3, 7 or 13 of the Private Hire Vehicles (London) Act 1998 (private hire vehicles: London),</content></level><wrapUp>and a “<term refersTo="#term-licensing-authority" eId="term-licensing-authority">licensing authority</term>” means a person who is responsible for granting a licence under any of those provisions.</wrapUp></subsection></section><section eId="section-86"><num>86</num><heading>Consent requirement for services resembling buses</heading><subsection eId="section-86-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Subsection<ref href="#section-86-2"> (2)</ref> applies where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority proposes to grant a permit, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>under the proposed permit, an automated passenger service may be provided that would, if <ref href="#section-83">section 83</ref> did not apply, be subject to bus franchising restrictions.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may not grant the permit without the consent of each relevant franchising body.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A service is “subject to bus franchising restrictions” if it is a local service within the meaning of section 2 of the Transport Act 1985, and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>it is provided in Greater London,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>it is provided in an area in England covered by a franchising scheme and is not exempt from the scheme, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>it is provided in an area in Scotland covered by a franchising framework and is not exempt from the framework.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In <ref href="#section-86-2">subsection (2)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-franchising-body" eId="term-relevant-franchising-body">relevant franchising body</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>where <ref href="#section-86-3">subsection (3)</ref><ref href="#section-86-3-a">(a)</ref> applies, Transport for London;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>where <ref href="#section-86-3">subsection (3)</ref><ref href="#section-86-3-b">(b)</ref> applies, the franchising authority or authorities operating the scheme;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>where <ref href="#section-86-3">subsection (3)</ref><ref href="#section-86-3-c">(c)</ref> applies, the local transport authority by which the framework was made.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A relevant franchising body is to be taken to have given consent under subsection <ref href="#section-86-2">(2)</ref> if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority requests consent in writing, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-5-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>within the relevant period, the body either—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-86-5-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails to give or refuse consent, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-86-5-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>refuses consent but fails to give written reasons for doing so.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-6"><num>(6)</num><content>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-86-5">(5)</ref>, “the relevant period” is the period of six weeks beginning with the day on which the request is made.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-franchising-authority" eId="term-franchising-authority">franchising authority</term>” has the same meaning as in Part 2 of the Transport Act 2000 (see section 123A(4) of that Act);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-franchising-framework" eId="term-franchising-framework">franchising framework</term>” means a framework made under section 13A of the Transport (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00001" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2001/2">2001 (asp 2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-franchising-scheme" eId="term-franchising-scheme">franchising scheme</term>” means a scheme made under section 123A(1) of the Transport Act 2000;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-local-transport-authority" eId="term-local-transport-authority">local transport authority</term>” has the same meaning as in the Transport (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00002" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2001/2">2001 (asp 2)</ref> (see section 82(1) of that Act).</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>For the purposes of <ref href="#section-86-3">subsection (3)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a service is exempt from a franchising scheme if it is of a class that is excepted from regulation arising because of the scheme (see section 123H of the Transport Act 2000);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a service is exempt from a franchising framework if it is of a description that is exempted from the framework (see section 13D(2) of the Transport (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00003" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2001/2">2001 (asp 2)</ref>).</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-87"><num>87</num><heading>Further requirements</heading><subsection eId="section-87-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Before granting a permit, the appropriate national authority must consult any traffic authorities and emergency services that it considers are likely to be substantially affected if the permit is granted.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-87-2"><num>(2)</num><content>In <ref href="#section-87-1">subsection (1)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-traffic-authority" eId="term-traffic-authority">traffic authority</term>” has the same meaning as in the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 (see section 121A of that Act) (but does not include the appropriate national authority itself).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-87-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In deciding whether to grant a permit, the appropriate national authority must have regard to whether, and to what extent, the granting of the permit is likely to lead to an improvement in the understanding of how automated passenger services should best be designed for, and provided to, older or disabled passengers.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-87-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Where the appropriate national authority grants a permit, it must include a permit condition (of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-82">82</ref><ref href="#section-82-5">(5)</ref><ref href="#section-82-5-b">(b)</ref>) requiring the permit holder to publish reports about the automated passenger services which it provides, and in particular about the steps which it takes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-87-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>to meet the needs of older or disabled passengers, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-87-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>to safeguard passengers more generally.</content></level></subsection></section></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-5-crossheading-supplementary-provision"><heading>Supplementary provision</heading><section eId="section-88"><num>88</num><heading>Collection, sharing and protection of information</heading><subsection eId="section-88-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Permit conditions may, in particular, include conditions as to the collection and sharing of information.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-88-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>That reference to sharing includes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>sharing with the appropriate national authority or other public authorities, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>sharing with private businesses (such as vehicle manufacturers or insurers).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-88-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The following provisions of this section apply in relation to information that a person obtains further to a permit condition as to the sharing of information.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-88-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In those provisions, “<term refersTo="#term-the-recipient" eId="term-the-recipient">the recipient</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person who obtains the information as described in subsection <ref href="#section-88-3">(3)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any other person to whom the information is subsequently disclosed.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-88-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The appropriate national authority may make regulations authorising the recipient to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to another person for a purpose specified in the regulations, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-88-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>It is an offence for the recipient to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to another person, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained,</content></level><wrapUp>except as authorised by regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-88-5">(5)</ref> or any other enactment.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-88-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>But it is a defence to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person from whom the information was obtained as described in subsection <ref href="#section-88-3">(3)</ref> consented to the disclosure or use, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the recipient reasonably believed that the disclosure or use was lawful, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a disclosure, that the information had already lawfully been disclosed to the other person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-88-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-88-6">(6)</ref> is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England and Wales, to a fine;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to a fine.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-88-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-88-5">(5)</ref> are not to be taken to authorise disclosure or use that would be liable to harm the commercial interests of any person, except to the extent that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the regulations otherwise provide, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-9-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person disclosing or using the information reasonably considers such disclosure or use necessary in view of the purpose of the regulations.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-89"><num>89</num><heading>Procedural and administrative matters</heading><subsection eId="section-89-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A permit may be varied, renewed, suspended or withdrawn in such circumstances as are specified in regulations made by the appropriate national authority.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may, by regulations, make provision about the procedure to be followed in connection with the grant, retention, renewal, expiry, variation, suspension or withdrawal of a permit.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-89-2">(2)</ref> may, in particular, make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-89-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the form and content of an application for a permit (or for the renewal of a permit);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-89-3-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>fees payable in respect of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-89-3-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>an application for a permit (or for the renewal of a permit), or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-89-3-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>the grant, retention or renewal a permit;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-89-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the notification of decisions;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-89-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>reviews of, or appeals against, decisions.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-4"><num>(4)</num><content>If fees are made payable as mentioned in subsection <ref href="#section-89-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-89-3-b">(b)</ref><ref href="#section-89-3-b-ii">(ii)</ref>, the amount of such a fee may be determined by reference to any costs incurred, or likely to be incurred, by the appropriate national authority in connection with any function under this Part (whether or not directly related to what the fee is for).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-5"><num>(5)</num><content>But a given amount of costs (or likely costs) may not be taken into account more than once in determining amounts of fees under this Part.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may, by regulations, set a maximum period for which a permit may be valid.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may, by regulations, provide for its functions under any provision made by or under this Part to be exercisable by a traffic commissioner instead of, or in addition to, the appropriate national authority.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-89-7">(7)</ref> made by the Scottish Ministers or the Welsh Ministers—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-89-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>if they apply to a function in respect of which a fee is payable, must also apply to the function of charging and receiving that fee;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-89-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>if they apply to the function of issuing a notice under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2">2</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-6">Schedule 6</ref> (compliance notices and monetary penalty notices), must also apply to the functions under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-4">4</ref> of that Schedule (costs notices) so far as exercisable in connection with the first function.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-9"><num>(9)</num><content>Money received by a traffic commissioner as a result of regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-89-7">(7)</ref> must, unless subsection <ref href="#section-89-10">(10)</ref> applies, be paid into the Consolidated Fund in such manner as the Treasury may direct.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-10"><num>(10)</num><content>Money received by a traffic commissioner under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2">2</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-2">(2)</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-6">Schedule 6</ref> (monetary penalties) as a result of regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-89-7">(7)</ref> made by the Scottish Ministers or the Welsh Ministers must be paid to those Ministers.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-90"><num>90</num><heading>Interpretation</heading><subsection eId="section-90-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>In this Part—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-automated-passenger-service" eId="term-automated-passenger-service">automated passenger service</term>” has the meaning given by <ref href="#section-82">section 82</ref><ref href="#section-82-2">(2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-permit" eId="term-permit">permit</term>” means a permit under <ref href="#section-82">section 82</ref><ref href="#section-82-1">(1)</ref> (and “permit holder” is to be read accordingly);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-permit-condition" eId="term-permit-condition">permit condition</term>” has the meaning indicated in section <ref href="#section-82">82</ref><ref href="#section-82-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-82-4-d">(d)</ref>.</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-90-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The remaining subsections apply for the purposes of this Part.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-90-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An automated passenger service is “provided in” an area if (and only if) it involves passengers being carried in that area.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-90-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Subject to subsection <ref href="#section-90-5">(5)</ref>, the “appropriate national authority” is—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-90-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the Secretary of State, in relation to a permit for the provision of a service in England;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-90-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the Scottish Ministers, in relation to a permit for the provision of a service in Scotland;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-90-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the Welsh Ministers, in relation to a permit for the provision of a service in Wales.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-90-5"><num>(5)</num><content>In relation to a permit for the provision of a service in a public service vehicle, the “appropriate national authority” is the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-90-6"><num>(6)</num><content>A permit is of that description if, under the permit, a service could be provided in a vehicle that, by virtue of its use in providing that service, would count as a public service vehicle within the meaning of the Public Passenger Vehicles Act 1981 (assuming that section <ref href="#section-83">83</ref> did not apply).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-90-7"><num>(7)</num><content>In relation to the exercise of power by a traffic commissioner further to regulations under <ref href="#section-89">section 89</ref><ref href="#section-89-7">(7)</ref>, references in this Part to the appropriate national authority are to be read as including a traffic commissioner.</content></subsection></section></hcontainer></part>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-82"><num>82</num><heading>Power to grant permits</heading><subsection eId="section-82-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may grant a person a permit for the provision by the person of automated passenger services.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-82-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An “automated passenger service” is a service that consists of the carrying of passengers in a road vehicle that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-82-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>is designed or adapted to travel autonomously, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>is being used for a trial with the aim of developing vehicles that are so designed or adapted.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-82-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A permit may be granted for either or both of the following purposes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-82-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>securing the application of <ref href="#section-83">section 83</ref> (disapplication of taxi, private hire vehicle and bus legislation);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>satisfying a requirement imposed by regulations under section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref> (licensing of no-user-in-charge operators) in relation to the holding of a permit.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-82-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A permit must specify—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-82-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the areas in which services may be provided under the permit,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the vehicles (or descriptions of vehicle) in which services may be provided under the permit,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the period for which the permit is valid, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-4-d"><num>(d)</num><content>any conditions subject to which the permit is granted (“permit conditions”).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-82-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Permit conditions may take the form of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-82-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>further limitations on the services that may be provided under the permit, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>obligations that the permit holder has to fulfil as a condition of holding the permit.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-82-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In <ref href="#section-82-2">subsection (2)</ref><ref href="#section-82-2-a">(a)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-travel-autonomously" eId="term-travel-autonomously">travel autonomously</term>” has the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> (see section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-5">(5)</ref>).</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-82-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may grant a person a permit for the provision by the person of automated passenger services.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-82-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>An “automated passenger service” is a service that consists of the carrying of passengers in a road vehicle that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-82-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>is designed or adapted to travel autonomously, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>is being used for a trial with the aim of developing vehicles that are so designed or adapted.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-82-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A permit may be granted for either or both of the following purposes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-82-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>securing the application of <ref href="#section-83">section 83</ref> (disapplication of taxi, private hire vehicle and bus legislation);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>satisfying a requirement imposed by regulations under section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref> (licensing of no-user-in-charge operators) in relation to the holding of a permit.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-82-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A permit must specify—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-82-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the areas in which services may be provided under the permit,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the vehicles (or descriptions of vehicle) in which services may be provided under the permit,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the period for which the permit is valid, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-4-d"><num>(d)</num><content>any conditions subject to which the permit is granted (“permit conditions”).</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-82-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Permit conditions may take the form of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-82-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>further limitations on the services that may be provided under the permit, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-82-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>obligations that the permit holder has to fulfil as a condition of holding the permit.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-82-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In <ref href="#section-82-2">subsection (2)</ref><ref href="#section-82-2-a">(a)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-travel-autonomously" eId="term-travel-autonomously">travel autonomously</term>” has the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> (see section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-5">(5)</ref>).</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-83"><num>83</num><heading>Disapplication of taxi, private hire vehicle and bus legislation</heading><subsection eId="section-83-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-83-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-83-3">(3)</ref> apply while a permit holder is providing an automated passenger service in an area in which, and in a vehicle in which, services may be provided under the permit.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-83-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The vehicle is not to be treated for any purpose as being, or as being used or operated as—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-83-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a hackney carriage within the meaning of the Town Police Clauses Act 1847 or the Metropolitan Public Carriage Act 1869,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-83-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a private hire vehicle within the meaning of the Private Hire Vehicles (London) Act 1998, the Plymouth City Council Act 1975 or Part 2 of the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-83-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a public service vehicle within the meaning of the Public Passenger Vehicles Act 1981, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-83-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>a hire car within the meaning of section 23 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-83-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The provision of the service is not to be treated as driving, standing or plying for hire with the vehicle for the purposes of section 45 of the Town Police Clauses Act 1847.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-83-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Subsections <ref href="#section-83-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-83-3">(3)</ref> apply while a permit holder is providing an automated passenger service in an area in which, and in a vehicle in which, services may be provided under the permit.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-83-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The vehicle is not to be treated for any purpose as being, or as being used or operated as—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-83-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a hackney carriage within the meaning of the Town Police Clauses Act 1847 or the Metropolitan Public Carriage Act 1869,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-83-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a private hire vehicle within the meaning of the Private Hire Vehicles (London) Act 1998, the Plymouth City Council Act 1975 or Part 2 of the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-83-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>a public service vehicle within the meaning of the Public Passenger Vehicles Act 1981, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-83-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>a hire car within the meaning of section 23 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-83-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The provision of the service is not to be treated as driving, standing or plying for hire with the vehicle for the purposes of section 45 of the Town Police Clauses Act 1847.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-84"><num>84</num><heading>Civil sanctions for infringements</heading><subsection eId="section-84-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A permit holder commits an infringement of the permit scheme if the permit holder breaches a permit condition of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-82">82</ref><ref href="#section-82-5">(5)</ref><ref href="#section-82-5-b">(b)</ref>.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-84-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A permit holder also commits an infringement of the permit scheme if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-84-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the permit holder provides, or offers to provide, a service that consists of the carrying of passengers in a road vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-84-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the permit holder says or does anything that would lead a reasonable passenger (or potential passenger) of the service to think that the service was provided under a permit, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-84-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the service is not such as could be provided under the permit.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-84-3"><num>(3)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-6">Schedule 6</ref> provides for civil sanctions in respect of infringements of the permit scheme.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-84-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A permit holder commits an infringement of the permit scheme if the permit holder breaches a permit condition of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-82">82</ref><ref href="#section-82-5">(5)</ref><ref href="#section-82-5-b">(b)</ref>.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-84-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A permit holder also commits an infringement of the permit scheme if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-84-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the permit holder provides, or offers to provide, a service that consists of the carrying of passengers in a road vehicle,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-84-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the permit holder says or does anything that would lead a reasonable passenger (or potential passenger) of the service to think that the service was provided under a permit, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-84-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the service is not such as could be provided under the permit.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-84-3"><num>(3)</num><content><ref href="#schedule-6">Schedule 6</ref> provides for civil sanctions in respect of infringements of the permit scheme.</content></subsection>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="part-5-crossheading-requirements-before-granting-permit"><heading>Requirements before granting permit</heading><section eId="section-85"><num>85</num><heading>Consent requirement for services resembling taxis or private hire vehicles</heading><subsection eId="section-85-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-85-3">(3)</ref> applies where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-85-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority proposes to grant a permit, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>under the proposed permit, an automated passenger service may be provided in a way that would, on the assumptions in <ref href="#section-85-2">subsection (2)</ref>, require a taxi or private hire vehicle licence.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-85-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The assumptions are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-85-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that <ref href="#section-83">section 83</ref> does not apply, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>(so far as would not otherwise be the case) that the vehicle in which the service is provided is driven by an individual.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-85-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may not grant the permit without the consent of each licensing authority in whose area the service may be provided under the proposed permit.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-85-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A licensing authority is to be taken to have given such consent if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-85-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority requests consent in writing, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-4-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>within the relevant period, the licensing authority either—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-85-4-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails to give or refuse consent, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-85-4-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>refuses consent but fails to give written reasons for doing so.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-85-5"><num>(5)</num><content>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-85-4">(4)</ref>, “the relevant period” is the period of six weeks beginning with the day on which the request is made.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-85-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-taxi-or-private-hire-vehicle-licence" eId="term-taxi-or-private-hire-vehicle-licence">taxi or private hire vehicle licence</term>” means a licence under—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>section 37 or 46 of the Town Police Clauses Act 1847 (hackney carriages: England and Wales),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>section 6 or 8 of the Metropolitan Public Carriage Act 1869 (hackney carriages: London),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>section 5, 9 or 13 of the Plymouth City Council Act 1975 (private hire vehicles: Plymouth),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-d"><num>(d)</num><content>section 48, 51 or 55 of the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976 (private hire vehicles: England and Wales),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-e"><num>(e)</num><content>section 10 or 13 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 (taxis and private hire vehicles: Scotland), or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-f"><num>(f)</num><content>section 3, 7 or 13 of the Private Hire Vehicles (London) Act 1998 (private hire vehicles: London),</content></level><wrapUp>and a “<term refersTo="#term-licensing-authority" eId="term-licensing-authority">licensing authority</term>” means a person who is responsible for granting a licence under any of those provisions.</wrapUp></subsection></section><section eId="section-86"><num>86</num><heading>Consent requirement for services resembling buses</heading><subsection eId="section-86-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Subsection<ref href="#section-86-2"> (2)</ref> applies where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority proposes to grant a permit, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>under the proposed permit, an automated passenger service may be provided that would, if <ref href="#section-83">section 83</ref> did not apply, be subject to bus franchising restrictions.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may not grant the permit without the consent of each relevant franchising body.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A service is “subject to bus franchising restrictions” if it is a local service within the meaning of section 2 of the Transport Act 1985, and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>it is provided in Greater London,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>it is provided in an area in England covered by a franchising scheme and is not exempt from the scheme, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>it is provided in an area in Scotland covered by a franchising framework and is not exempt from the framework.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In <ref href="#section-86-2">subsection (2)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-franchising-body" eId="term-relevant-franchising-body">relevant franchising body</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>where <ref href="#section-86-3">subsection (3)</ref><ref href="#section-86-3-a">(a)</ref> applies, Transport for London;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>where <ref href="#section-86-3">subsection (3)</ref><ref href="#section-86-3-b">(b)</ref> applies, the franchising authority or authorities operating the scheme;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>where <ref href="#section-86-3">subsection (3)</ref><ref href="#section-86-3-c">(c)</ref> applies, the local transport authority by which the framework was made.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A relevant franchising body is to be taken to have given consent under subsection <ref href="#section-86-2">(2)</ref> if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority requests consent in writing, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-5-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>within the relevant period, the body either—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-86-5-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails to give or refuse consent, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-86-5-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>refuses consent but fails to give written reasons for doing so.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-6"><num>(6)</num><content>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-86-5">(5)</ref>, “the relevant period” is the period of six weeks beginning with the day on which the request is made.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-franchising-authority" eId="term-franchising-authority">franchising authority</term>” has the same meaning as in Part 2 of the Transport Act 2000 (see section 123A(4) of that Act);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-franchising-framework" eId="term-franchising-framework">franchising framework</term>” means a framework made under section 13A of the Transport (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00001" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2001/2">2001 (asp 2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-franchising-scheme" eId="term-franchising-scheme">franchising scheme</term>” means a scheme made under section 123A(1) of the Transport Act 2000;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-local-transport-authority" eId="term-local-transport-authority">local transport authority</term>” has the same meaning as in the Transport (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00002" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2001/2">2001 (asp 2)</ref> (see section 82(1) of that Act).</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>For the purposes of <ref href="#section-86-3">subsection (3)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a service is exempt from a franchising scheme if it is of a class that is excepted from regulation arising because of the scheme (see section 123H of the Transport Act 2000);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a service is exempt from a franchising framework if it is of a description that is exempted from the framework (see section 13D(2) of the Transport (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00003" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2001/2">2001 (asp 2)</ref>).</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-87"><num>87</num><heading>Further requirements</heading><subsection eId="section-87-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Before granting a permit, the appropriate national authority must consult any traffic authorities and emergency services that it considers are likely to be substantially affected if the permit is granted.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-87-2"><num>(2)</num><content>In <ref href="#section-87-1">subsection (1)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-traffic-authority" eId="term-traffic-authority">traffic authority</term>” has the same meaning as in the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 (see section 121A of that Act) (but does not include the appropriate national authority itself).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-87-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In deciding whether to grant a permit, the appropriate national authority must have regard to whether, and to what extent, the granting of the permit is likely to lead to an improvement in the understanding of how automated passenger services should best be designed for, and provided to, older or disabled passengers.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-87-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Where the appropriate national authority grants a permit, it must include a permit condition (of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-82">82</ref><ref href="#section-82-5">(5)</ref><ref href="#section-82-5-b">(b)</ref>) requiring the permit holder to publish reports about the automated passenger services which it provides, and in particular about the steps which it takes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-87-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>to meet the needs of older or disabled passengers, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-87-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>to safeguard passengers more generally.</content></level></subsection></section></hcontainer>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-85"><num>85</num><heading>Consent requirement for services resembling taxis or private hire vehicles</heading><subsection eId="section-85-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-85-3">(3)</ref> applies where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-85-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority proposes to grant a permit, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>under the proposed permit, an automated passenger service may be provided in a way that would, on the assumptions in <ref href="#section-85-2">subsection (2)</ref>, require a taxi or private hire vehicle licence.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-85-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The assumptions are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-85-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that <ref href="#section-83">section 83</ref> does not apply, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>(so far as would not otherwise be the case) that the vehicle in which the service is provided is driven by an individual.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-85-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may not grant the permit without the consent of each licensing authority in whose area the service may be provided under the proposed permit.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-85-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A licensing authority is to be taken to have given such consent if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-85-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority requests consent in writing, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-4-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>within the relevant period, the licensing authority either—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-85-4-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails to give or refuse consent, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-85-4-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>refuses consent but fails to give written reasons for doing so.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-85-5"><num>(5)</num><content>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-85-4">(4)</ref>, “the relevant period” is the period of six weeks beginning with the day on which the request is made.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-85-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-taxi-or-private-hire-vehicle-licence" eId="term-taxi-or-private-hire-vehicle-licence">taxi or private hire vehicle licence</term>” means a licence under—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>section 37 or 46 of the Town Police Clauses Act 1847 (hackney carriages: England and Wales),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>section 6 or 8 of the Metropolitan Public Carriage Act 1869 (hackney carriages: London),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>section 5, 9 or 13 of the Plymouth City Council Act 1975 (private hire vehicles: Plymouth),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-d"><num>(d)</num><content>section 48, 51 or 55 of the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976 (private hire vehicles: England and Wales),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-e"><num>(e)</num><content>section 10 or 13 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 (taxis and private hire vehicles: Scotland), or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-f"><num>(f)</num><content>section 3, 7 or 13 of the Private Hire Vehicles (London) Act 1998 (private hire vehicles: London),</content></level><wrapUp>and a “<term refersTo="#term-licensing-authority" eId="term-licensing-authority">licensing authority</term>” means a person who is responsible for granting a licence under any of those provisions.</wrapUp></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-85-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Subsection <ref href="#section-85-3">(3)</ref> applies where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-85-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority proposes to grant a permit, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>under the proposed permit, an automated passenger service may be provided in a way that would, on the assumptions in <ref href="#section-85-2">subsection (2)</ref>, require a taxi or private hire vehicle licence.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-85-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The assumptions are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-85-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>that <ref href="#section-83">section 83</ref> does not apply, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>(so far as would not otherwise be the case) that the vehicle in which the service is provided is driven by an individual.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-85-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may not grant the permit without the consent of each licensing authority in whose area the service may be provided under the proposed permit.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-85-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>A licensing authority is to be taken to have given such consent if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-85-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority requests consent in writing, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-4-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>within the relevant period, the licensing authority either—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-85-4-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails to give or refuse consent, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-85-4-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>refuses consent but fails to give written reasons for doing so.</content></level></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-85-5"><num>(5)</num><content>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-85-4">(4)</ref>, “the relevant period” is the period of six weeks beginning with the day on which the request is made.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-85-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In this section, “<term refersTo="#term-taxi-or-private-hire-vehicle-licence" eId="term-taxi-or-private-hire-vehicle-licence">taxi or private hire vehicle licence</term>” means a licence under—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>section 37 or 46 of the Town Police Clauses Act 1847 (hackney carriages: England and Wales),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>section 6 or 8 of the Metropolitan Public Carriage Act 1869 (hackney carriages: London),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>section 5, 9 or 13 of the Plymouth City Council Act 1975 (private hire vehicles: Plymouth),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-d"><num>(d)</num><content>section 48, 51 or 55 of the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976 (private hire vehicles: England and Wales),</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-e"><num>(e)</num><content>section 10 or 13 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 (taxis and private hire vehicles: Scotland), or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-85-6-f"><num>(f)</num><content>section 3, 7 or 13 of the Private Hire Vehicles (London) Act 1998 (private hire vehicles: London),</content></level><wrapUp>and a “<term refersTo="#term-licensing-authority" eId="term-licensing-authority">licensing authority</term>” means a person who is responsible for granting a licence under any of those provisions.</wrapUp></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-85-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>section 37 or 46 of the Town Police Clauses Act 1847 (hackney carriages: England and Wales),</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-85-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>section 6 or 8 of the Metropolitan Public Carriage Act 1869 (hackney carriages: London),</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-85-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>section 5, 9 or 13 of the Plymouth City Council Act 1975 (private hire vehicles: Plymouth),</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-85-6-d"><num>(d)</num><content>section 48, 51 or 55 of the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976 (private hire vehicles: England and Wales),</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-85-6-e"><num>(e)</num><content>section 10 or 13 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 (taxis and private hire vehicles: Scotland), or</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-85-6-f"><num>(f)</num><content>section 3, 7 or 13 of the Private Hire Vehicles (London) Act 1998 (private hire vehicles: London),</content></level>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-86"><num>86</num><heading>Consent requirement for services resembling buses</heading><subsection eId="section-86-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Subsection<ref href="#section-86-2"> (2)</ref> applies where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority proposes to grant a permit, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>under the proposed permit, an automated passenger service may be provided that would, if <ref href="#section-83">section 83</ref> did not apply, be subject to bus franchising restrictions.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may not grant the permit without the consent of each relevant franchising body.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A service is “subject to bus franchising restrictions” if it is a local service within the meaning of section 2 of the Transport Act 1985, and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>it is provided in Greater London,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>it is provided in an area in England covered by a franchising scheme and is not exempt from the scheme, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>it is provided in an area in Scotland covered by a franchising framework and is not exempt from the framework.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In <ref href="#section-86-2">subsection (2)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-franchising-body" eId="term-relevant-franchising-body">relevant franchising body</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>where <ref href="#section-86-3">subsection (3)</ref><ref href="#section-86-3-a">(a)</ref> applies, Transport for London;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>where <ref href="#section-86-3">subsection (3)</ref><ref href="#section-86-3-b">(b)</ref> applies, the franchising authority or authorities operating the scheme;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>where <ref href="#section-86-3">subsection (3)</ref><ref href="#section-86-3-c">(c)</ref> applies, the local transport authority by which the framework was made.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A relevant franchising body is to be taken to have given consent under subsection <ref href="#section-86-2">(2)</ref> if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority requests consent in writing, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-5-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>within the relevant period, the body either—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-86-5-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails to give or refuse consent, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-86-5-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>refuses consent but fails to give written reasons for doing so.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-6"><num>(6)</num><content>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-86-5">(5)</ref>, “the relevant period” is the period of six weeks beginning with the day on which the request is made.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-franchising-authority" eId="term-franchising-authority">franchising authority</term>” has the same meaning as in Part 2 of the Transport Act 2000 (see section 123A(4) of that Act);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-franchising-framework" eId="term-franchising-framework">franchising framework</term>” means a framework made under section 13A of the Transport (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00001" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2001/2">2001 (asp 2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-franchising-scheme" eId="term-franchising-scheme">franchising scheme</term>” means a scheme made under section 123A(1) of the Transport Act 2000;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-local-transport-authority" eId="term-local-transport-authority">local transport authority</term>” has the same meaning as in the Transport (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00002" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2001/2">2001 (asp 2)</ref> (see section 82(1) of that Act).</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-86-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>For the purposes of <ref href="#section-86-3">subsection (3)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a service is exempt from a franchising scheme if it is of a class that is excepted from regulation arising because of the scheme (see section 123H of the Transport Act 2000);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a service is exempt from a franchising framework if it is of a description that is exempted from the framework (see section 13D(2) of the Transport (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00003" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2001/2">2001 (asp 2)</ref>).</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-86-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Subsection<ref href="#section-86-2"> (2)</ref> applies where—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority proposes to grant a permit, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>under the proposed permit, an automated passenger service may be provided that would, if <ref href="#section-83">section 83</ref> did not apply, be subject to bus franchising restrictions.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-86-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may not grant the permit without the consent of each relevant franchising body.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-86-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A service is “subject to bus franchising restrictions” if it is a local service within the meaning of section 2 of the Transport Act 1985, and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>it is provided in Greater London,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>it is provided in an area in England covered by a franchising scheme and is not exempt from the scheme, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>it is provided in an area in Scotland covered by a franchising framework and is not exempt from the framework.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-86-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In <ref href="#section-86-2">subsection (2)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-franchising-body" eId="term-relevant-franchising-body">relevant franchising body</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>where <ref href="#section-86-3">subsection (3)</ref><ref href="#section-86-3-a">(a)</ref> applies, Transport for London;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>where <ref href="#section-86-3">subsection (3)</ref><ref href="#section-86-3-b">(b)</ref> applies, the franchising authority or authorities operating the scheme;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>where <ref href="#section-86-3">subsection (3)</ref><ref href="#section-86-3-c">(c)</ref> applies, the local transport authority by which the framework was made.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-86-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A relevant franchising body is to be taken to have given consent under subsection <ref href="#section-86-2">(2)</ref> if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority requests consent in writing, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-5-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>within the relevant period, the body either—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-86-5-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>fails to give or refuse consent, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-86-5-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>refuses consent but fails to give written reasons for doing so.</content></level></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-86-6"><num>(6)</num><content>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-86-5">(5)</ref>, “the relevant period” is the period of six weeks beginning with the day on which the request is made.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-86-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-franchising-authority" eId="term-franchising-authority">franchising authority</term>” has the same meaning as in Part 2 of the Transport Act 2000 (see section 123A(4) of that Act);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-franchising-framework" eId="term-franchising-framework">franchising framework</term>” means a framework made under section 13A of the Transport (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00001" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2001/2">2001 (asp 2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-franchising-scheme" eId="term-franchising-scheme">franchising scheme</term>” means a scheme made under section 123A(1) of the Transport Act 2000;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-local-transport-authority" eId="term-local-transport-authority">local transport authority</term>” has the same meaning as in the Transport (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00002" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2001/2">2001 (asp 2)</ref> (see section 82(1) of that Act).</content></hcontainer></subsection>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-enforcement-powers" eId="term-the-enforcement-powers">the enforcement powers</term>” means the powers in section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#part-1-chapter-5">Chapter 5</ref>.</content></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-traffic-sign" eId="term-traffic-sign">traffic sign</term>” has the meaning given by section 64(1) of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984.</content></hcontainer>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7" class="schProv1"><num>7</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A person to whom a compliance notice, redress notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice is issued may appeal to the Tribunal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The grounds on which an appeal may be brought are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in the case of a compliance notice or redress notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the failure to meet requirements, or commission of a traffic infraction, on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the actions specified in the notice, or the time or period specified for taking them, are unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in the case of a monetary penalty notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the failure to meet requirements, or commission of a traffic infraction, on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the sum or amount specified in the notice, or the time or manner specified for paying it, is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice issued under section <ref href="#section-34">34</ref><ref href="#section-34-2">(2)</ref>, <ref href="#section-35">35</ref><ref href="#section-35-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-2">(2)</ref>, that the commission of a traffic infraction on the grounds of which the notice was issued was caused as described in section <ref href="#section-34">34</ref><ref href="#section-34-3">(3)</ref>, <ref href="#section-35">35</ref><ref href="#section-35-3">(3)</ref> or <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-3">(3)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d"><num>(d)</num><intro>in the case of a costs notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice were not reasonably incurred as described in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-6">6</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-6-3">(3)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the time or manner specified for payment is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>that the Secretary of State failed to comply with a requirement of paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-5">5</ref>, or made some other procedural error, in respect of the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If satisfied that any of those grounds is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and do whichever of the following it considers appropriate—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>remit the matter to the Secretary of State with a direction that the Secretary of State consider, in accordance with the findings of the Tribunal and by such time as the Tribunal specifies, whether to cancel or vary the notice under section <ref href="#section-37">37</ref><ref href="#section-37-2">(2)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if the appeal is allowed on a ground in sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b">(b)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b-ii">(ii)</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d">(d)</ref>, vary the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Otherwise, the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-6">(6)</ref> applies if a direction is made under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-b">(b)</ref> and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the Secretary of State varies the notice further to the direction, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the specified time, the Secretary of State has neither varied nor cancelled the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The person who appealed against the notice may on application re-open the appeal—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on any of the original grounds further to which the direction under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-b">(b)</ref> was made, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a variation, on any further ground within sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2">(2)</ref> that arises from the variation;</content></level><wrapUp>and sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-4">(4)</ref> apply again in relation to the grounds on which the appeal is re-opened.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The Tribunal (or any court on a further appeal) may make an interim order suspending the effect of a notice appealed against under this paragraph.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-8"><num>(8)</num><content>If a monetary penalty notice includes provision under section <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-6">(6)</ref>, either the Secretary of State or the person to whom the notice is issued may apply to the Tribunal for a determination of whether an additional sum has become payable under that provision in respect of a particular day.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-9"><num>(9)</num><content>In this paragraph, “<term refersTo="#term-the-tribunal" eId="term-the-tribunal">the Tribunal</term>” means the First-tier Tribunal, subject to sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-10">(10)</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-10"><num>(10)</num><content>Tribunal Procedure Rules may provide for an appeal or application under this paragraph to be made to the Upper Tribunal instead of the First-tier Tribunal; and if that is done references to “the Tribunal” are to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-enactment" eId="term-enactment">enactment</term>” includes an enactment comprised in—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>an Act of the Scottish Parliament,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>an Act or Measure of Senedd Cymru,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>subordinate legislation within the meaning of the Interpretation Act 1978 (see section 21(1) of that Act), or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>any instrument corresponding to such legislation made under an Act of the Scottish Parliament or an Act or Measure of Senedd Cymru;</content></level></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="schedule" eId="schedule-1"><num>Schedule 1<authorialNote class="referenceNote">Sections 8(7) and 37(3)</authorialNote></num><heading>Enforcement action under <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>: procedure</heading><part eId="schedule-1-part-1"><num>Part 1</num><heading>Unilateral variation, suspension or withdrawal of authorisation</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11131"><heading>Ordinary procedure</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Before varying, suspending or withdrawing an automated vehicle authorisation under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref>, the Secretary of State must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>issue to the authorised self-driving entity a notice under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-2">(2)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>consider any representations made by the authorised self-driving entity in response to (and in accordance with) that notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A notice under this sub-paragraph is a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the Secretary of State’s intention to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explains the Secretary of State’s reasons for intending to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>specifies the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-4">(4)</ref> applies if, having complied with sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-1">(1)</ref>, the Secretary of State decides to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State must, in, or in a document issued together with, the notice by which the variation, suspension or withdrawal takes effect, explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for the decision.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11210"><heading>Procedure for urgent suspension or temporary variation</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If the Secretary of State considers that the need to suspend an automated vehicle authorisation under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> is too urgent for the procedure in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> to be followed, that paragraph does not apply and sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2-3">(3)</ref> apply instead.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in, or in a document issued together with, the notice by which the suspension takes effect—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for suspending the authorisation, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made, and</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>as soon as reasonably practicable after suspending the authorisation—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>consider any representations made by the authorised self-driving entity in response to (and in accordance with) that notice, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>decide whether to lift the suspension.</content></level></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If, having complied with sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-2">(2)</ref>, the Secretary of State decides not to lift the suspension, the Secretary of State must issue to the authorised self-driving entity a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the Secretary of State’s decision, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explains the Secretary of State’s reasons for the decision.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The preceding sub-paragraphs apply in relation to temporary variation as they apply in relation to suspension; and for that purpose the references to lifting the suspension are to be read as references to reversing the variation.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11310"><heading>Appeals</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If an automated vehicle authorisation is varied, suspended or withdrawn under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref>, the authorised self-driving entity may appeal to the Tribunal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The grounds on which an appeal may be brought are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in a case where the Secretary of State acted under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> in reliance on section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-8-4-a">(a)</ref>, that the failure to meet authorisation requirements did not occur;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in a case where the Secretary of State acted under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> in reliance on section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-8-4-b">(b)</ref>, that the commission of a traffic infraction did not occur;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in a case where the Secretary of State acted under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> in reliance on section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-8-4-c">(c)</ref>, that the Secretary of State’s conclusion was based on a mistaken finding of fact;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>that the decision to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation was unreasonable;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>that the Secretary of State failed to comply with paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2">2</ref>, or made some other procedural error, in respect of the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If satisfied that any of those grounds is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>direct that the variation, suspension or withdrawal be undone, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>remit the matter to the Secretary of State with a direction that the Secretary of State consider, in accordance with the findings of the Tribunal and by such time as the Tribunal specifies, whether to undo the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Otherwise, the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-6">(6)</ref> applies if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a direction is made under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-b">(b)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the specified time, the Secretary of State has not undone the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The authorised self-driving entity may on application re-open the appeal on any of the original grounds further to which the direction under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-b">(b)</ref> was made; and sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-4">(4)</ref> apply again in relation to the grounds on which the appeal is re-opened.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>In this paragraph—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>references to the undoing of a variation, suspension or withdrawal refer—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>in the case of variation, to the reversal of the variation,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>in the case of suspension, to the lifting of the suspension, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>in the case of withdrawal, to the restoration of the withdrawn authorisation;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>references to the authorised self-driving entity include, in the case of a withdrawn authorisation, the person who was the authorised self-driving entity immediately before the withdrawal;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-tribunal" eId="term-the-tribunal">the Tribunal</term>” means the First-tier Tribunal, subject to sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-8">(8)</ref>.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-8"><num>(8)</num><content>Tribunal Procedure Rules may provide for an appeal under this paragraph to be made to the Upper Tribunal instead of the First-tier Tribunal; and if that is done references to “the Tribunal” are to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11531"><heading>Backstop procedure for cases where authorised self-driving entity defunct</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-2">(2)</ref> applies if the Secretary of State is satisfied, in relation to an authorised automated vehicle, that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>there is no longer an authorised self-driving entity, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the authorised self-driving entity is no longer capable of being issued with a notice under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2">2</ref>.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may suspend or withdraw the automated vehicle authorisation in question without the agreement of the authorised self-driving entity and without complying with paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2">2</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-6">(6)</ref> does not apply to a suspension or withdrawal in reliance on this paragraph, which instead takes effect—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>when notice of it is published by the Secretary of State, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>at such later time as is specified in the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-4"><num>(4)</num><content>If an automated vehicle authorisation is suspended or withdrawn in reliance on this paragraph, the authorised self-driving entity may appeal to the Tribunal on the ground that the Secretary of State was wrong to be satisfied as described in sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-1">(1)</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-5"><num>(5)</num><content>If satisfied that that ground is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and direct that the suspension or withdrawal be undone; and otherwise the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-6"><num>(6)</num><content>Sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-7">(7)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-8">(8)</ref> of paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3">3</ref> apply in relation to sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-4">(4)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-5">(5)</ref> of this paragraph as they apply in relation to that paragraph.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer></part><part eId="schedule-1-part-2"><num>Part 2</num><heading>Civil sanctions</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11642"><heading>Notices of intent</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5" class="schProv1"><num>5</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Before issuing a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice (“the principal notice”) to a regulated body, the Secretary of State must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>issue to the body a notice of intent, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>consider any representations made by the body in response to (and in accordance with) that notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A notice of intent is a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the Secretary of State’s intention to issue the principal notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>sets out the intended terms of that notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>explains the Secretary of State’s reasons for intending to issue that notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>specifies the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A notice of intent may also—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>state the Secretary of State’s intention to issue a costs notice in connection with the principal notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>give a general indication of the nature of the costs that the Secretary of State is likely to seek to recover by way of the costs notice.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11716"><heading>Costs</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6" class="schProv1"><num>6</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the Secretary of State issues a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice (“the principal notice”) to a regulated body, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the notice of intent that preceded the principal notice included the contents set out in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-5">5</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-5-3">(3)</ref>,</content></level><wrapUp>the Secretary of State may also issue a costs notice to that body.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A costs notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to pay a sum specified in the notice to the Secretary of State.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-3"><num>(3)</num><content>That sum must be no greater than the total of the costs reasonably incurred by the Secretary of State in connection with the principal notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The costs that may be taken into account for that purpose include—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>costs of investigating the matters to which the principal notice relates,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>administrative costs, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>costs of obtaining expert advice (including legal advice).</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A costs notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>particularise the costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explain (if it is not otherwise apparent) how those costs have been calculated, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the sum must be paid.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>If a sum payable under a costs notice is not paid in time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the sum (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the Secretary of State may recover the sum (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The cancellation of a compliance notice, redress notice, or monetary penalty notice has the effect of cancelling any costs notice issued in connection with it.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11833"><heading>Appeals</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7" class="schProv1"><num>7</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A person to whom a compliance notice, redress notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice is issued may appeal to the Tribunal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The grounds on which an appeal may be brought are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in the case of a compliance notice or redress notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the failure to meet requirements, or commission of a traffic infraction, on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the actions specified in the notice, or the time or period specified for taking them, are unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in the case of a monetary penalty notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the failure to meet requirements, or commission of a traffic infraction, on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the sum or amount specified in the notice, or the time or manner specified for paying it, is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice issued under section <ref href="#section-34">34</ref><ref href="#section-34-2">(2)</ref>, <ref href="#section-35">35</ref><ref href="#section-35-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-2">(2)</ref>, that the commission of a traffic infraction on the grounds of which the notice was issued was caused as described in section <ref href="#section-34">34</ref><ref href="#section-34-3">(3)</ref>, <ref href="#section-35">35</ref><ref href="#section-35-3">(3)</ref> or <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-3">(3)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d"><num>(d)</num><intro>in the case of a costs notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice were not reasonably incurred as described in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-6">6</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-6-3">(3)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the time or manner specified for payment is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>that the Secretary of State failed to comply with a requirement of paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-5">5</ref>, or made some other procedural error, in respect of the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If satisfied that any of those grounds is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and do whichever of the following it considers appropriate—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>remit the matter to the Secretary of State with a direction that the Secretary of State consider, in accordance with the findings of the Tribunal and by such time as the Tribunal specifies, whether to cancel or vary the notice under section <ref href="#section-37">37</ref><ref href="#section-37-2">(2)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if the appeal is allowed on a ground in sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b">(b)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b-ii">(ii)</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d">(d)</ref>, vary the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Otherwise, the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-6">(6)</ref> applies if a direction is made under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-b">(b)</ref> and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the Secretary of State varies the notice further to the direction, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the specified time, the Secretary of State has neither varied nor cancelled the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The person who appealed against the notice may on application re-open the appeal—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on any of the original grounds further to which the direction under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-b">(b)</ref> was made, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a variation, on any further ground within sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2">(2)</ref> that arises from the variation;</content></level><wrapUp>and sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-4">(4)</ref> apply again in relation to the grounds on which the appeal is re-opened.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The Tribunal (or any court on a further appeal) may make an interim order suspending the effect of a notice appealed against under this paragraph.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-8"><num>(8)</num><content>If a monetary penalty notice includes provision under section <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-6">(6)</ref>, either the Secretary of State or the person to whom the notice is issued may apply to the Tribunal for a determination of whether an additional sum has become payable under that provision in respect of a particular day.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-9"><num>(9)</num><content>In this paragraph, “<term refersTo="#term-the-tribunal" eId="term-the-tribunal">the Tribunal</term>” means the First-tier Tribunal, subject to sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-10">(10)</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-10"><num>(10)</num><content>Tribunal Procedure Rules may provide for an appeal or application under this paragraph to be made to the Upper Tribunal instead of the First-tier Tribunal; and if that is done references to “the Tribunal” are to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12098"><heading>Assignment of functions to traffic commissioners</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8" class="schProv1"><num>8</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, provide for the powers of the Secretary of State under section <ref href="#section-34">34</ref>, <ref href="#section-35">35</ref> or <ref href="#section-36">36</ref> or paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-6">6</ref> to be exercisable by a traffic commissioner instead of, or in addition to, the Secretary of State.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-2"><num>(2)</num><content>In relation to the exercise of power by a traffic commissioner further to such regulations, references in this Part of this Act (other than section <ref href="#section-43">43</ref><ref href="#section-43-1">(1)</ref>) to the Secretary of State are to be read as including a traffic commissioner.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, provide for a procedure whereby a compliance notice, redress notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice issued by the Secretary of State may be reviewed by a traffic commissioner on application by the person against whom it is issued.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-4"><num>(4)</num><content>In a case in which such regulations have effect, the right of appeal conferred by paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7">7</ref> does not arise until the exhaustion of the review procedure.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Money received by a traffic commissioner as a result of regulations under this paragraph must be paid into the Consolidated Fund in such manner as the Treasury may direct.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer></part></hcontainer>

<part xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-1-part-1"><num>Part 1</num><heading>Unilateral variation, suspension or withdrawal of authorisation</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11131"><heading>Ordinary procedure</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Before varying, suspending or withdrawing an automated vehicle authorisation under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref>, the Secretary of State must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>issue to the authorised self-driving entity a notice under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-2">(2)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>consider any representations made by the authorised self-driving entity in response to (and in accordance with) that notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A notice under this sub-paragraph is a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the Secretary of State’s intention to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explains the Secretary of State’s reasons for intending to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>specifies the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-4">(4)</ref> applies if, having complied with sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-1">(1)</ref>, the Secretary of State decides to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State must, in, or in a document issued together with, the notice by which the variation, suspension or withdrawal takes effect, explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for the decision.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11210"><heading>Procedure for urgent suspension or temporary variation</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If the Secretary of State considers that the need to suspend an automated vehicle authorisation under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> is too urgent for the procedure in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> to be followed, that paragraph does not apply and sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2-3">(3)</ref> apply instead.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in, or in a document issued together with, the notice by which the suspension takes effect—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for suspending the authorisation, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made, and</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>as soon as reasonably practicable after suspending the authorisation—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>consider any representations made by the authorised self-driving entity in response to (and in accordance with) that notice, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>decide whether to lift the suspension.</content></level></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If, having complied with sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-2">(2)</ref>, the Secretary of State decides not to lift the suspension, the Secretary of State must issue to the authorised self-driving entity a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the Secretary of State’s decision, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explains the Secretary of State’s reasons for the decision.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The preceding sub-paragraphs apply in relation to temporary variation as they apply in relation to suspension; and for that purpose the references to lifting the suspension are to be read as references to reversing the variation.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11310"><heading>Appeals</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If an automated vehicle authorisation is varied, suspended or withdrawn under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref>, the authorised self-driving entity may appeal to the Tribunal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The grounds on which an appeal may be brought are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in a case where the Secretary of State acted under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> in reliance on section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-8-4-a">(a)</ref>, that the failure to meet authorisation requirements did not occur;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in a case where the Secretary of State acted under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> in reliance on section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-8-4-b">(b)</ref>, that the commission of a traffic infraction did not occur;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in a case where the Secretary of State acted under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> in reliance on section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-8-4-c">(c)</ref>, that the Secretary of State’s conclusion was based on a mistaken finding of fact;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>that the decision to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation was unreasonable;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>that the Secretary of State failed to comply with paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2">2</ref>, or made some other procedural error, in respect of the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If satisfied that any of those grounds is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>direct that the variation, suspension or withdrawal be undone, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>remit the matter to the Secretary of State with a direction that the Secretary of State consider, in accordance with the findings of the Tribunal and by such time as the Tribunal specifies, whether to undo the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Otherwise, the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-6">(6)</ref> applies if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a direction is made under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-b">(b)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the specified time, the Secretary of State has not undone the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The authorised self-driving entity may on application re-open the appeal on any of the original grounds further to which the direction under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-b">(b)</ref> was made; and sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-4">(4)</ref> apply again in relation to the grounds on which the appeal is re-opened.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>In this paragraph—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>references to the undoing of a variation, suspension or withdrawal refer—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>in the case of variation, to the reversal of the variation,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>in the case of suspension, to the lifting of the suspension, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>in the case of withdrawal, to the restoration of the withdrawn authorisation;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>references to the authorised self-driving entity include, in the case of a withdrawn authorisation, the person who was the authorised self-driving entity immediately before the withdrawal;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-tribunal" eId="term-the-tribunal">the Tribunal</term>” means the First-tier Tribunal, subject to sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-8">(8)</ref>.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-8"><num>(8)</num><content>Tribunal Procedure Rules may provide for an appeal under this paragraph to be made to the Upper Tribunal instead of the First-tier Tribunal; and if that is done references to “the Tribunal” are to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11531"><heading>Backstop procedure for cases where authorised self-driving entity defunct</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-2">(2)</ref> applies if the Secretary of State is satisfied, in relation to an authorised automated vehicle, that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>there is no longer an authorised self-driving entity, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the authorised self-driving entity is no longer capable of being issued with a notice under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2">2</ref>.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may suspend or withdraw the automated vehicle authorisation in question without the agreement of the authorised self-driving entity and without complying with paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2">2</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-6">(6)</ref> does not apply to a suspension or withdrawal in reliance on this paragraph, which instead takes effect—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>when notice of it is published by the Secretary of State, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>at such later time as is specified in the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-4"><num>(4)</num><content>If an automated vehicle authorisation is suspended or withdrawn in reliance on this paragraph, the authorised self-driving entity may appeal to the Tribunal on the ground that the Secretary of State was wrong to be satisfied as described in sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-1">(1)</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-5"><num>(5)</num><content>If satisfied that that ground is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and direct that the suspension or withdrawal be undone; and otherwise the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-6"><num>(6)</num><content>Sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-7">(7)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-8">(8)</ref> of paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3">3</ref> apply in relation to sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-4">(4)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-5">(5)</ref> of this paragraph as they apply in relation to that paragraph.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer></part>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-restricted-term" eId="term-restricted-term">restricted term</term>” means a word, expression, symbol or mark specified under subsection <ref href="#section-78-1">(1)</ref>.</content></hcontainer>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Before varying, suspending or withdrawing an automated vehicle authorisation under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref>, the Secretary of State must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>issue to the authorised self-driving entity a notice under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-2">(2)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>consider any representations made by the authorised self-driving entity in response to (and in accordance with) that notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A notice under this sub-paragraph is a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the Secretary of State’s intention to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explains the Secretary of State’s reasons for intending to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>specifies the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-4">(4)</ref> applies if, having complied with sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-1">(1)</ref>, the Secretary of State decides to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State must, in, or in a document issued together with, the notice by which the variation, suspension or withdrawal takes effect, explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for the decision.</content></subparagraph></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-2">(2)</ref> applies if the Secretary of State is satisfied, in relation to an authorised automated vehicle, that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>there is no longer an authorised self-driving entity, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the authorised self-driving entity is no longer capable of being issued with a notice under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2">2</ref>.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may suspend or withdraw the automated vehicle authorisation in question without the agreement of the authorised self-driving entity and without complying with paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2">2</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-6">(6)</ref> does not apply to a suspension or withdrawal in reliance on this paragraph, which instead takes effect—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>when notice of it is published by the Secretary of State, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>at such later time as is specified in the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-4"><num>(4)</num><content>If an automated vehicle authorisation is suspended or withdrawn in reliance on this paragraph, the authorised self-driving entity may appeal to the Tribunal on the ground that the Secretary of State was wrong to be satisfied as described in sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-1">(1)</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-5"><num>(5)</num><content>If satisfied that that ground is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and direct that the suspension or withdrawal be undone; and otherwise the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-6"><num>(6)</num><content>Sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-7">(7)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-8">(8)</ref> of paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3">3</ref> apply in relation to sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-4">(4)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-5">(5)</ref> of this paragraph as they apply in relation to that paragraph.</content></subparagraph></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><content><mod>In section 18ZA of the Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act 1973 (actions under section 2 of the Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018), in subsections (1) and (4)(b), before “automated” insert <quotedText>“authorised”</quotedText>.</mod></content></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5" class="schProv1"><num>5</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018 is amended as follows.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Omit section 1 (list of automated vehicles).</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3"><num>(3)</num><intro><mod>In each of the following provisions, before “automated” insert <quotedText>“authorised”</quotedText>—</mod></intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in section 2, the heading and subsections (1)(a), (2)(a), (3)(a) and (c)(ii) and (4);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>section 3(2);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in section 4, subsections (1) and (6)(a);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>in section 6, subsections (2)(a) and (3);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>section 8(3)(b) (in both places).</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In section 2 (liability of insurers etc)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>in subsection (1)(b), for “insured” substitute <quotedText>“being used by an insured person”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>in subsection (2)(b), for “insured” substitute <quotedText>“being used by an insured person”</quotedText>.</mod></content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>In section 7 (duty to prepare report on operation of Part 1 of the Act)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-5-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in subsection (1)—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-5-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>omit paragraph (a);</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-5-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><mod>in paragraph (b), for “vehicles that are capable of safely driving themselves” substitute <quotedText>“authorised automated vehicles”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>in subsection (2), for “publication of the list under section 1” substitute <quotedText>“authorisation is granted under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024”</quotedText>.</mod></content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In section 8 (interpretation)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>for subsection (1) substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection eId="d25e12480"><num>(1)</num><intro>For the purposes of this Part—</intro><level class="para1" eId="d25e12486"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorised automated vehicle is “driving itself” if it is travelling while an authorised automation feature of the vehicle is engaged;</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>a person is an “<term refersTo="#term-insured-person">insured person</term>”, in relation to a vehicle, if there is in force in relation to that person’s use of the vehicle on a road or other public place in Great Britain a policy of insurance that satisfies the conditions in section 145 of the Road Traffic Act 1988.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(1A)</num><content>Section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-5">(5)</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024 (authorisation to determine when feature “engaged” or “disengaged”) applies for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#d25e12480">(1)</ref><ref href="#d25e12486">(a)</ref> as it applies for the purposes of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> of that Act.</content></subsection></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in subsection (2)—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content><mod>for the definition of “automated vehicle” substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automated-vehicle">authorised automated vehicle</term>” means a vehicle authorised under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automation-feature">authorised automation feature</term>” has the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024 (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref> of that Act);</content></hcontainer></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>omit the definition of “insured person”;</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content><mod>for the definition of “insurer” substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-insurer">insurer</term>”, in relation to an insured person, means the insurer under the policy in question;</content></hcontainer></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></level></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-7"><num>(7)</num><content>In the Schedule, omit paragraphs 20 and 21.</content></subparagraph></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may issue a compliance notice to a permit holder if satisfied that the permit holder has committed an infringement of the permit scheme.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A compliance notice is a notice requiring the permit holder to take such actions within <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-1-3">sub-paragraph (3)</ref> as are specified in the notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The actions that may be specified are those that the appropriate national authority considers appropriate in order to secure, or make it more likely, that the permit holder does not commit any similar infringement of the permit scheme in future.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The actions may be specified by referring (with or without further particulars) to the actions necessary to achieve a result described in the notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A compliance notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the appropriate national authority’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, or period during which, the specified actions must be taken.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The reference in <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-1-2">sub-paragraph (2)</ref> to taking action includes refraining from taking action; and “actions” in this paragraph is to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority issues a compliance notice or monetary penalty notice (“the principal notice”) to a permit holder, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the notice of intent that preceded the principal notice included the contents set out in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-3">3</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref>,</content></level><wrapUp>the appropriate national authority may also issue a costs notice to the permit holder.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A costs notice is a notice requiring the permit holder to pay a sum specified in the notice to the appropriate national authority.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-3"><num>(3)</num><content>That sum must be no greater than the total of the costs reasonably incurred by the appropriate national authority in connection with the principal notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The costs that may be taken into account for that purpose include—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>costs of investigating the matters to which the principal notice relates,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>administrative costs, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>costs of obtaining expert advice (including legal advice).</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A costs notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>particularise the costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explain (if it is not otherwise apparent) how those costs have been calculated, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the sum must be paid.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>If a sum payable under a costs notice is not paid in time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the sum (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the appropriate national authority may recover the sum (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The cancellation of a compliance notice or monetary penalty notice has the effect of cancelling any costs notice issued in connection with it.</content></subparagraph></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-7" class="schProv1"><num>7</num><content>A single notice issued under this Schedule may relate to more than one occurrence by virtue of which the power to issue the notice arises (or is said to arise).</content></paragraph>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11131"><heading>Ordinary procedure</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Before varying, suspending or withdrawing an automated vehicle authorisation under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref>, the Secretary of State must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>issue to the authorised self-driving entity a notice under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-2">(2)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>consider any representations made by the authorised self-driving entity in response to (and in accordance with) that notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A notice under this sub-paragraph is a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the Secretary of State’s intention to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explains the Secretary of State’s reasons for intending to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>specifies the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-4">(4)</ref> applies if, having complied with sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-1">(1)</ref>, the Secretary of State decides to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State must, in, or in a document issued together with, the notice by which the variation, suspension or withdrawal takes effect, explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for the decision.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11210"><heading>Procedure for urgent suspension or temporary variation</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If the Secretary of State considers that the need to suspend an automated vehicle authorisation under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> is too urgent for the procedure in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> to be followed, that paragraph does not apply and sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2-3">(3)</ref> apply instead.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in, or in a document issued together with, the notice by which the suspension takes effect—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for suspending the authorisation, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made, and</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>as soon as reasonably practicable after suspending the authorisation—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>consider any representations made by the authorised self-driving entity in response to (and in accordance with) that notice, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>decide whether to lift the suspension.</content></level></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If, having complied with sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-2">(2)</ref>, the Secretary of State decides not to lift the suspension, the Secretary of State must issue to the authorised self-driving entity a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the Secretary of State’s decision, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explains the Secretary of State’s reasons for the decision.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The preceding sub-paragraphs apply in relation to temporary variation as they apply in relation to suspension; and for that purpose the references to lifting the suspension are to be read as references to reversing the variation.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11310"><heading>Appeals</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If an automated vehicle authorisation is varied, suspended or withdrawn under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref>, the authorised self-driving entity may appeal to the Tribunal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The grounds on which an appeal may be brought are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in a case where the Secretary of State acted under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> in reliance on section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-8-4-a">(a)</ref>, that the failure to meet authorisation requirements did not occur;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in a case where the Secretary of State acted under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> in reliance on section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-8-4-b">(b)</ref>, that the commission of a traffic infraction did not occur;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in a case where the Secretary of State acted under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> in reliance on section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-8-4-c">(c)</ref>, that the Secretary of State’s conclusion was based on a mistaken finding of fact;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>that the decision to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation was unreasonable;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>that the Secretary of State failed to comply with paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2">2</ref>, or made some other procedural error, in respect of the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If satisfied that any of those grounds is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>direct that the variation, suspension or withdrawal be undone, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>remit the matter to the Secretary of State with a direction that the Secretary of State consider, in accordance with the findings of the Tribunal and by such time as the Tribunal specifies, whether to undo the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Otherwise, the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-6">(6)</ref> applies if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a direction is made under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-b">(b)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the specified time, the Secretary of State has not undone the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The authorised self-driving entity may on application re-open the appeal on any of the original grounds further to which the direction under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-b">(b)</ref> was made; and sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-4">(4)</ref> apply again in relation to the grounds on which the appeal is re-opened.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>In this paragraph—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>references to the undoing of a variation, suspension or withdrawal refer—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>in the case of variation, to the reversal of the variation,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>in the case of suspension, to the lifting of the suspension, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>in the case of withdrawal, to the restoration of the withdrawn authorisation;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>references to the authorised self-driving entity include, in the case of a withdrawn authorisation, the person who was the authorised self-driving entity immediately before the withdrawal;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-tribunal" eId="term-the-tribunal">the Tribunal</term>” means the First-tier Tribunal, subject to sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-8">(8)</ref>.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-8"><num>(8)</num><content>Tribunal Procedure Rules may provide for an appeal under this paragraph to be made to the Upper Tribunal instead of the First-tier Tribunal; and if that is done references to “the Tribunal” are to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11531"><heading>Backstop procedure for cases where authorised self-driving entity defunct</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-2">(2)</ref> applies if the Secretary of State is satisfied, in relation to an authorised automated vehicle, that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>there is no longer an authorised self-driving entity, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the authorised self-driving entity is no longer capable of being issued with a notice under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2">2</ref>.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may suspend or withdraw the automated vehicle authorisation in question without the agreement of the authorised self-driving entity and without complying with paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2">2</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-6">(6)</ref> does not apply to a suspension or withdrawal in reliance on this paragraph, which instead takes effect—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>when notice of it is published by the Secretary of State, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>at such later time as is specified in the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-4"><num>(4)</num><content>If an automated vehicle authorisation is suspended or withdrawn in reliance on this paragraph, the authorised self-driving entity may appeal to the Tribunal on the ground that the Secretary of State was wrong to be satisfied as described in sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-1">(1)</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-5"><num>(5)</num><content>If satisfied that that ground is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and direct that the suspension or withdrawal be undone; and otherwise the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-6"><num>(6)</num><content>Sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-7">(7)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-8">(8)</ref> of paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3">3</ref> apply in relation to sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-4">(4)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-5">(5)</ref> of this paragraph as they apply in relation to that paragraph.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<part xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-1-part-2"><num>Part 2</num><heading>Civil sanctions</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11642"><heading>Notices of intent</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5" class="schProv1"><num>5</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Before issuing a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice (“the principal notice”) to a regulated body, the Secretary of State must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>issue to the body a notice of intent, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>consider any representations made by the body in response to (and in accordance with) that notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A notice of intent is a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the Secretary of State’s intention to issue the principal notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>sets out the intended terms of that notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>explains the Secretary of State’s reasons for intending to issue that notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>specifies the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A notice of intent may also—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>state the Secretary of State’s intention to issue a costs notice in connection with the principal notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>give a general indication of the nature of the costs that the Secretary of State is likely to seek to recover by way of the costs notice.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11716"><heading>Costs</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6" class="schProv1"><num>6</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the Secretary of State issues a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice (“the principal notice”) to a regulated body, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the notice of intent that preceded the principal notice included the contents set out in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-5">5</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-5-3">(3)</ref>,</content></level><wrapUp>the Secretary of State may also issue a costs notice to that body.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A costs notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to pay a sum specified in the notice to the Secretary of State.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-3"><num>(3)</num><content>That sum must be no greater than the total of the costs reasonably incurred by the Secretary of State in connection with the principal notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The costs that may be taken into account for that purpose include—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>costs of investigating the matters to which the principal notice relates,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>administrative costs, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>costs of obtaining expert advice (including legal advice).</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A costs notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>particularise the costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explain (if it is not otherwise apparent) how those costs have been calculated, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the sum must be paid.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>If a sum payable under a costs notice is not paid in time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the sum (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the Secretary of State may recover the sum (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The cancellation of a compliance notice, redress notice, or monetary penalty notice has the effect of cancelling any costs notice issued in connection with it.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11833"><heading>Appeals</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7" class="schProv1"><num>7</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A person to whom a compliance notice, redress notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice is issued may appeal to the Tribunal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The grounds on which an appeal may be brought are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in the case of a compliance notice or redress notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the failure to meet requirements, or commission of a traffic infraction, on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the actions specified in the notice, or the time or period specified for taking them, are unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in the case of a monetary penalty notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the failure to meet requirements, or commission of a traffic infraction, on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the sum or amount specified in the notice, or the time or manner specified for paying it, is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice issued under section <ref href="#section-34">34</ref><ref href="#section-34-2">(2)</ref>, <ref href="#section-35">35</ref><ref href="#section-35-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-2">(2)</ref>, that the commission of a traffic infraction on the grounds of which the notice was issued was caused as described in section <ref href="#section-34">34</ref><ref href="#section-34-3">(3)</ref>, <ref href="#section-35">35</ref><ref href="#section-35-3">(3)</ref> or <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-3">(3)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d"><num>(d)</num><intro>in the case of a costs notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice were not reasonably incurred as described in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-6">6</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-6-3">(3)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the time or manner specified for payment is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>that the Secretary of State failed to comply with a requirement of paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-5">5</ref>, or made some other procedural error, in respect of the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If satisfied that any of those grounds is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and do whichever of the following it considers appropriate—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>remit the matter to the Secretary of State with a direction that the Secretary of State consider, in accordance with the findings of the Tribunal and by such time as the Tribunal specifies, whether to cancel or vary the notice under section <ref href="#section-37">37</ref><ref href="#section-37-2">(2)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if the appeal is allowed on a ground in sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b">(b)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b-ii">(ii)</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d">(d)</ref>, vary the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Otherwise, the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-6">(6)</ref> applies if a direction is made under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-b">(b)</ref> and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the Secretary of State varies the notice further to the direction, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the specified time, the Secretary of State has neither varied nor cancelled the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The person who appealed against the notice may on application re-open the appeal—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on any of the original grounds further to which the direction under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-b">(b)</ref> was made, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a variation, on any further ground within sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2">(2)</ref> that arises from the variation;</content></level><wrapUp>and sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-4">(4)</ref> apply again in relation to the grounds on which the appeal is re-opened.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The Tribunal (or any court on a further appeal) may make an interim order suspending the effect of a notice appealed against under this paragraph.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-8"><num>(8)</num><content>If a monetary penalty notice includes provision under section <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-6">(6)</ref>, either the Secretary of State or the person to whom the notice is issued may apply to the Tribunal for a determination of whether an additional sum has become payable under that provision in respect of a particular day.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-9"><num>(9)</num><content>In this paragraph, “<term refersTo="#term-the-tribunal" eId="term-the-tribunal">the Tribunal</term>” means the First-tier Tribunal, subject to sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-10">(10)</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-10"><num>(10)</num><content>Tribunal Procedure Rules may provide for an appeal or application under this paragraph to be made to the Upper Tribunal instead of the First-tier Tribunal; and if that is done references to “the Tribunal” are to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12098"><heading>Assignment of functions to traffic commissioners</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8" class="schProv1"><num>8</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, provide for the powers of the Secretary of State under section <ref href="#section-34">34</ref>, <ref href="#section-35">35</ref> or <ref href="#section-36">36</ref> or paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-6">6</ref> to be exercisable by a traffic commissioner instead of, or in addition to, the Secretary of State.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-2"><num>(2)</num><content>In relation to the exercise of power by a traffic commissioner further to such regulations, references in this Part of this Act (other than section <ref href="#section-43">43</ref><ref href="#section-43-1">(1)</ref>) to the Secretary of State are to be read as including a traffic commissioner.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, provide for a procedure whereby a compliance notice, redress notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice issued by the Secretary of State may be reviewed by a traffic commissioner on application by the person against whom it is issued.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-4"><num>(4)</num><content>In a case in which such regulations have effect, the right of appeal conferred by paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7">7</ref> does not arise until the exhaustion of the review procedure.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Money received by a traffic commissioner as a result of regulations under this paragraph must be paid into the Consolidated Fund in such manner as the Treasury may direct.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer></part>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11642"><heading>Notices of intent</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5" class="schProv1"><num>5</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Before issuing a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice (“the principal notice”) to a regulated body, the Secretary of State must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>issue to the body a notice of intent, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>consider any representations made by the body in response to (and in accordance with) that notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A notice of intent is a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the Secretary of State’s intention to issue the principal notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>sets out the intended terms of that notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>explains the Secretary of State’s reasons for intending to issue that notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>specifies the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A notice of intent may also—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>state the Secretary of State’s intention to issue a costs notice in connection with the principal notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>give a general indication of the nature of the costs that the Secretary of State is likely to seek to recover by way of the costs notice.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11716"><heading>Costs</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6" class="schProv1"><num>6</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the Secretary of State issues a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice (“the principal notice”) to a regulated body, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the notice of intent that preceded the principal notice included the contents set out in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-5">5</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-5-3">(3)</ref>,</content></level><wrapUp>the Secretary of State may also issue a costs notice to that body.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A costs notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to pay a sum specified in the notice to the Secretary of State.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-3"><num>(3)</num><content>That sum must be no greater than the total of the costs reasonably incurred by the Secretary of State in connection with the principal notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The costs that may be taken into account for that purpose include—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>costs of investigating the matters to which the principal notice relates,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>administrative costs, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>costs of obtaining expert advice (including legal advice).</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A costs notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>particularise the costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explain (if it is not otherwise apparent) how those costs have been calculated, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the sum must be paid.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>If a sum payable under a costs notice is not paid in time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the sum (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the Secretary of State may recover the sum (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The cancellation of a compliance notice, redress notice, or monetary penalty notice has the effect of cancelling any costs notice issued in connection with it.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11833"><heading>Appeals</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7" class="schProv1"><num>7</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A person to whom a compliance notice, redress notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice is issued may appeal to the Tribunal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The grounds on which an appeal may be brought are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in the case of a compliance notice or redress notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the failure to meet requirements, or commission of a traffic infraction, on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the actions specified in the notice, or the time or period specified for taking them, are unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in the case of a monetary penalty notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the failure to meet requirements, or commission of a traffic infraction, on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the sum or amount specified in the notice, or the time or manner specified for paying it, is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice issued under section <ref href="#section-34">34</ref><ref href="#section-34-2">(2)</ref>, <ref href="#section-35">35</ref><ref href="#section-35-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-2">(2)</ref>, that the commission of a traffic infraction on the grounds of which the notice was issued was caused as described in section <ref href="#section-34">34</ref><ref href="#section-34-3">(3)</ref>, <ref href="#section-35">35</ref><ref href="#section-35-3">(3)</ref> or <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-3">(3)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d"><num>(d)</num><intro>in the case of a costs notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice were not reasonably incurred as described in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-6">6</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-6-3">(3)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the time or manner specified for payment is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>that the Secretary of State failed to comply with a requirement of paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-5">5</ref>, or made some other procedural error, in respect of the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If satisfied that any of those grounds is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and do whichever of the following it considers appropriate—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>remit the matter to the Secretary of State with a direction that the Secretary of State consider, in accordance with the findings of the Tribunal and by such time as the Tribunal specifies, whether to cancel or vary the notice under section <ref href="#section-37">37</ref><ref href="#section-37-2">(2)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if the appeal is allowed on a ground in sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b">(b)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b-ii">(ii)</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d">(d)</ref>, vary the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Otherwise, the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-6">(6)</ref> applies if a direction is made under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-b">(b)</ref> and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the Secretary of State varies the notice further to the direction, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the specified time, the Secretary of State has neither varied nor cancelled the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The person who appealed against the notice may on application re-open the appeal—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on any of the original grounds further to which the direction under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-b">(b)</ref> was made, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a variation, on any further ground within sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2">(2)</ref> that arises from the variation;</content></level><wrapUp>and sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-4">(4)</ref> apply again in relation to the grounds on which the appeal is re-opened.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The Tribunal (or any court on a further appeal) may make an interim order suspending the effect of a notice appealed against under this paragraph.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-8"><num>(8)</num><content>If a monetary penalty notice includes provision under section <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-6">(6)</ref>, either the Secretary of State or the person to whom the notice is issued may apply to the Tribunal for a determination of whether an additional sum has become payable under that provision in respect of a particular day.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-9"><num>(9)</num><content>In this paragraph, “<term refersTo="#term-the-tribunal" eId="term-the-tribunal">the Tribunal</term>” means the First-tier Tribunal, subject to sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-10">(10)</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-10"><num>(10)</num><content>Tribunal Procedure Rules may provide for an appeal or application under this paragraph to be made to the Upper Tribunal instead of the First-tier Tribunal; and if that is done references to “the Tribunal” are to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12098"><heading>Assignment of functions to traffic commissioners</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8" class="schProv1"><num>8</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, provide for the powers of the Secretary of State under section <ref href="#section-34">34</ref>, <ref href="#section-35">35</ref> or <ref href="#section-36">36</ref> or paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-6">6</ref> to be exercisable by a traffic commissioner instead of, or in addition to, the Secretary of State.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-2"><num>(2)</num><content>In relation to the exercise of power by a traffic commissioner further to such regulations, references in this Part of this Act (other than section <ref href="#section-43">43</ref><ref href="#section-43-1">(1)</ref>) to the Secretary of State are to be read as including a traffic commissioner.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, provide for a procedure whereby a compliance notice, redress notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice issued by the Secretary of State may be reviewed by a traffic commissioner on application by the person against whom it is issued.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-4"><num>(4)</num><content>In a case in which such regulations have effect, the right of appeal conferred by paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7">7</ref> does not arise until the exhaustion of the review procedure.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Money received by a traffic commissioner as a result of regulations under this paragraph must be paid into the Consolidated Fund in such manner as the Treasury may direct.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7"><heading>Theft Act <ref eId="c00018" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1968/60">1968 (c. 60)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><content><mod>In section 12 of the Theft Act 1968 (taking motor vehicle or other conveyance without authority), in subsection (7), for paragraph (a) (but not the final “and”) substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-conveyance">conveyance</term>” means—</intro><level class="para2"><num>(i)</num><content>any conveyance constructed or adapted for the carriage of a person or persons whether by land, water or air, except a conveyance constructed or adapted for use only under the control of a person not carried in or on it, or</content></level><level class="para2"><num>(ii)</num><content>any vehicle authorised under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024,</content></level><wrapUp>and “drive” accordingly includes any act of putting in motion, or controlling the motion of, any such conveyance or vehicle;</wrapUp></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></paragraph></hcontainer>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><content><mod>In section 12 of the Theft Act 1968 (taking motor vehicle or other conveyance without authority), in subsection (7), for paragraph (a) (but not the final “and”) substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-conveyance">conveyance</term>” means—</intro><level class="para2"><num>(i)</num><content>any conveyance constructed or adapted for the carriage of a person or persons whether by land, water or air, except a conveyance constructed or adapted for use only under the control of a person not carried in or on it, or</content></level><level class="para2"><num>(ii)</num><content>any vehicle authorised under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024,</content></level><wrapUp>and “drive” accordingly includes any act of putting in motion, or controlling the motion of, any such conveyance or vehicle;</wrapUp></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></paragraph>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12167"><heading>Theft Act <ref eId="c00018" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1968/60">1968 (c. 60)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><content><mod>In section 12 of the Theft Act 1968 (taking motor vehicle or other conveyance without authority), in subsection (7), for paragraph (a) (but not the final “and”) substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-conveyance">conveyance</term>” means—</intro><level class="para2"><num>(i)</num><content>any conveyance constructed or adapted for the carriage of a person or persons whether by land, water or air, except a conveyance constructed or adapted for use only under the control of a person not carried in or on it, or</content></level><level class="para2"><num>(ii)</num><content>any vehicle authorised under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024,</content></level><wrapUp>and “drive” accordingly includes any act of putting in motion, or controlling the motion of, any such conveyance or vehicle;</wrapUp></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12208"><heading>Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00019" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1973/52">1973 (c. 52)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><content><mod>In section 18ZA of the Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act 1973 (actions under section 2 of the Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018), in subsections (1) and (4)(b), before “automated” insert <quotedText>“authorised”</quotedText>.</mod></content></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12223"><heading>Limitation Act <ref eId="c00020" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1980/58">1980 (c. 58)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><content><mod>In section 14(1B) of the Limitation Act 1980 (date of knowledge for purposes of limitation periods to do with automated vehicles), before “<term refersTo="#term-automated" eId="term-automated">automated</term>” (in both places it occurs) insert <quotedText>“authorised”</quotedText>.</mod></content></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12343"><heading>Automated and Electric Vehicles Act <ref eId="c00022" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/18">2018 (c. 18)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5" class="schProv1"><num>5</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018 is amended as follows.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Omit section 1 (list of automated vehicles).</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3"><num>(3)</num><intro><mod>In each of the following provisions, before “automated” insert <quotedText>“authorised”</quotedText>—</mod></intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in section 2, the heading and subsections (1)(a), (2)(a), (3)(a) and (c)(ii) and (4);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>section 3(2);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in section 4, subsections (1) and (6)(a);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>in section 6, subsections (2)(a) and (3);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>section 8(3)(b) (in both places).</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In section 2 (liability of insurers etc)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>in subsection (1)(b), for “insured” substitute <quotedText>“being used by an insured person”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>in subsection (2)(b), for “insured” substitute <quotedText>“being used by an insured person”</quotedText>.</mod></content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>In section 7 (duty to prepare report on operation of Part 1 of the Act)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-5-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in subsection (1)—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-5-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>omit paragraph (a);</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-5-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><mod>in paragraph (b), for “vehicles that are capable of safely driving themselves” substitute <quotedText>“authorised automated vehicles”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>in subsection (2), for “publication of the list under section 1” substitute <quotedText>“authorisation is granted under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024”</quotedText>.</mod></content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In section 8 (interpretation)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>for subsection (1) substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection eId="d25e12480"><num>(1)</num><intro>For the purposes of this Part—</intro><level class="para1" eId="d25e12486"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorised automated vehicle is “driving itself” if it is travelling while an authorised automation feature of the vehicle is engaged;</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>a person is an “<term refersTo="#term-insured-person">insured person</term>”, in relation to a vehicle, if there is in force in relation to that person’s use of the vehicle on a road or other public place in Great Britain a policy of insurance that satisfies the conditions in section 145 of the Road Traffic Act 1988.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(1A)</num><content>Section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-5">(5)</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024 (authorisation to determine when feature “engaged” or “disengaged”) applies for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#d25e12480">(1)</ref><ref href="#d25e12486">(a)</ref> as it applies for the purposes of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> of that Act.</content></subsection></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in subsection (2)—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content><mod>for the definition of “automated vehicle” substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automated-vehicle">authorised automated vehicle</term>” means a vehicle authorised under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automation-feature">authorised automation feature</term>” has the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024 (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref> of that Act);</content></hcontainer></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>omit the definition of “insured person”;</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content><mod>for the definition of “insurer” substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-insurer">insurer</term>”, in relation to an insured person, means the insurer under the policy in question;</content></hcontainer></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></level></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-7"><num>(7)</num><content>In the Schedule, omit paragraphs 20 and 21.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automated-vehicle" eId="term-authorised-automated-vehicle">authorised automated vehicle</term>” means a vehicle authorised under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref>;</content></hcontainer>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If an automated vehicle authorisation is varied, suspended or withdrawn under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref>, the authorised self-driving entity may appeal to the Tribunal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The grounds on which an appeal may be brought are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in a case where the Secretary of State acted under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> in reliance on section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-8-4-a">(a)</ref>, that the failure to meet authorisation requirements did not occur;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in a case where the Secretary of State acted under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> in reliance on section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-8-4-b">(b)</ref>, that the commission of a traffic infraction did not occur;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in a case where the Secretary of State acted under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> in reliance on section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-8-4-c">(c)</ref>, that the Secretary of State’s conclusion was based on a mistaken finding of fact;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>that the decision to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation was unreasonable;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>that the Secretary of State failed to comply with paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2">2</ref>, or made some other procedural error, in respect of the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If satisfied that any of those grounds is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>direct that the variation, suspension or withdrawal be undone, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>remit the matter to the Secretary of State with a direction that the Secretary of State consider, in accordance with the findings of the Tribunal and by such time as the Tribunal specifies, whether to undo the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Otherwise, the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-6">(6)</ref> applies if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a direction is made under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-b">(b)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the specified time, the Secretary of State has not undone the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The authorised self-driving entity may on application re-open the appeal on any of the original grounds further to which the direction under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-b">(b)</ref> was made; and sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-4">(4)</ref> apply again in relation to the grounds on which the appeal is re-opened.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>In this paragraph—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>references to the undoing of a variation, suspension or withdrawal refer—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>in the case of variation, to the reversal of the variation,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>in the case of suspension, to the lifting of the suspension, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>in the case of withdrawal, to the restoration of the withdrawn authorisation;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>references to the authorised self-driving entity include, in the case of a withdrawn authorisation, the person who was the authorised self-driving entity immediately before the withdrawal;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-tribunal" eId="term-the-tribunal">the Tribunal</term>” means the First-tier Tribunal, subject to sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-8">(8)</ref>.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-8"><num>(8)</num><content>Tribunal Procedure Rules may provide for an appeal under this paragraph to be made to the Upper Tribunal instead of the First-tier Tribunal; and if that is done references to “the Tribunal” are to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>reveal grounds for enquiring into whether any of the enforcement powers has become exercisable as a result of the incident;</content></level>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12985"><heading>Crime (International Co-operation) Act <ref eId="c00025" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/32">2003 (c. 32)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Schedule 3 to the Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003 (offences in respect of which notice of driving disqualification must be given to Republic of Ireland) is amended as follows.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3-2"><num>(2)</num><content><mod>In paragraph 3, after sub-paragraph (d) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="double"><level class="para1"><num>(da)</num><content>section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref> (use of automated vehicle in dangerous state),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(db)</num><content>section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref> (causing death, or serious injury, by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state),</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3-3"><num>(3)</num><content><mod>After paragraph 4 insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="double"><paragraph class="schProv1"><num>4A</num><content>An offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref> or <ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref> of the Road Traffic Act 1988 (use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight, or causing death or serious injury by such use).</content></paragraph></quotedStructure></mod></content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13047"><heading>Armed Forces Act <ref eId="c00026" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2006/52">2006 (c. 52)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><intro>In paragraph 12(aj) of Schedule 2 to the Armed Forces Act 2006 (road traffic offences in respect of which service police must be notified of possible corresponding service offence)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>for “or 22A” substitute <quotedText>“, <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref>, 22A or <ref href="#d25e5887">22B</ref>”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>after “drugs,” insert <quotedText>“causing death, or serious injury, by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state,”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content><mod>after “road-users” insert <quotedText>“, causing danger to road-users resulting in death or serious injury”</quotedText>.</mod></content></level></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" name="schedule" eId="schedule-5"><num>Schedule 5<authorialNote class="referenceNote">Section 81(4)</authorialNote></num><heading>Enforcement of marketing restrictions</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13253"><heading>Duty to enforce</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content>It is the duty of the Secretary of State to enforce sections <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> and <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.(See Part 3 of Schedule 5 to the Consumer Rights Act 2015 for investigatory powers in connection with that duty.)</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-1-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-1-1">(1)</ref> does not authorise the Secretary of State to bring criminal proceedings in Scotland.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13285"><heading>Application of consumer enforcement powers</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><content><mod>In paragraph 10 of Schedule 5 to the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (enforcement responsibilities attracting investigatory powers under that Schedule), at the appropriate place insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="double"><blockList class="unordered none" ukl:Name="UnorderedList" ukl:Decoration="none"><item>paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-1">1</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-5">Schedule 5</ref> to the Automated Vehicles Act 2024;</item></blockList></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13309"><heading>Out-of-court undertakings</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This paragraph applies if the Secretary of State considers that a person has committed, or is likely to commit, an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may accept an undertaking from the person as to the person’s future activity, if the Secretary of State considers that compliance with the undertaking would tend to avoid the commission by the person of an offence (or further offence) under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State must publish details of any undertaking accepted under this paragraph.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13347"><heading>Civil injunctions</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This paragraph applies if the Secretary of State considers that a person has committed, or is likely to commit, an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may bring proceedings for an injunction (and in those proceedings may apply for an interim injunction) against any person appearing to the Secretary of State to be concerned, or likely to be concerned, with the offence.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In proceedings under this paragraph, the court may grant an injunction (or interim injunction) on such terms as it thinks fit to secure against offending under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Before granting an injunction, the court must have regard to all the interests involved and, in particular, the public interest.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The power in sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-4-6">(6)</ref> is exercisable if the court—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>finds that a person against whom proceedings under this section are brought has committed an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>grants an injunction (other than an interim injunction) against the person,</content></level><wrapUp>and is so exercisable for the purpose of eliminating any continuing effect of the communication that gave rise to the offence.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The court may require the person to publish, in such form and manner and to such extent as the court thinks appropriate—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the injunction, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a corrective statement.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The court may grant an injunction under this paragraph even where there is no evidence of proof of actual loss or damage or of intention or negligence on the part of the person against whom the proceedings are brought.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must publish details of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>any proceedings brought under this paragraph, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any order made, or undertaking accepted, by the court in the course of those proceedings.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>In this paragraph—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-the-court" eId="term-the-court">the court</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the county court or the High Court, in England and Wales, or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>a sheriff or the Court of Session, in Scotland;</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-injunction" eId="term-injunction">injunction</term>” is to be read, in the application of this paragraph in Scotland, as “interdict”.</content></hcontainer></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13492"><heading>Time limit for prosecution</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5" class="schProv1"><num>5</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>No proceedings for an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref> may be commenced after the earlier of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the end of the period of 3 years beginning with the date of the commission of the offence, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the end of the period of 12 months beginning with the date of the discovery of the offence by the prosecutor.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>For the purposes of sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-5-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-5-1-b">(b)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a certificate signed by or on behalf of the prosecutor and stating the date on which the offence was discovered by the prosecutor is conclusive evidence of that fact, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a certificate stating that matter and purporting to be so signed shall be treated as so signed unless the contrary is proved.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13253"><heading>Duty to enforce</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content>It is the duty of the Secretary of State to enforce sections <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> and <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.(See Part 3 of Schedule 5 to the Consumer Rights Act 2015 for investigatory powers in connection with that duty.)</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-1-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-1-1">(1)</ref> does not authorise the Secretary of State to bring criminal proceedings in Scotland.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13285"><heading>Application of consumer enforcement powers</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><content><mod>In paragraph 10 of Schedule 5 to the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (enforcement responsibilities attracting investigatory powers under that Schedule), at the appropriate place insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="double"><blockList class="unordered none" ukl:Name="UnorderedList" ukl:Decoration="none"><item>paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-1">1</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-5">Schedule 5</ref> to the Automated Vehicles Act 2024;</item></blockList></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13309"><heading>Out-of-court undertakings</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This paragraph applies if the Secretary of State considers that a person has committed, or is likely to commit, an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may accept an undertaking from the person as to the person’s future activity, if the Secretary of State considers that compliance with the undertaking would tend to avoid the commission by the person of an offence (or further offence) under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State must publish details of any undertaking accepted under this paragraph.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13347"><heading>Civil injunctions</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This paragraph applies if the Secretary of State considers that a person has committed, or is likely to commit, an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may bring proceedings for an injunction (and in those proceedings may apply for an interim injunction) against any person appearing to the Secretary of State to be concerned, or likely to be concerned, with the offence.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In proceedings under this paragraph, the court may grant an injunction (or interim injunction) on such terms as it thinks fit to secure against offending under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Before granting an injunction, the court must have regard to all the interests involved and, in particular, the public interest.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The power in sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-4-6">(6)</ref> is exercisable if the court—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>finds that a person against whom proceedings under this section are brought has committed an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>grants an injunction (other than an interim injunction) against the person,</content></level><wrapUp>and is so exercisable for the purpose of eliminating any continuing effect of the communication that gave rise to the offence.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The court may require the person to publish, in such form and manner and to such extent as the court thinks appropriate—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the injunction, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a corrective statement.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The court may grant an injunction under this paragraph even where there is no evidence of proof of actual loss or damage or of intention or negligence on the part of the person against whom the proceedings are brought.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must publish details of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>any proceedings brought under this paragraph, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any order made, or undertaking accepted, by the court in the course of those proceedings.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>In this paragraph—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-the-court" eId="term-the-court">the court</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the county court or the High Court, in England and Wales, or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>a sheriff or the Court of Session, in Scotland;</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-injunction" eId="term-injunction">injunction</term>” is to be read, in the application of this paragraph in Scotland, as “interdict”.</content></hcontainer></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13492"><heading>Time limit for prosecution</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5" class="schProv1"><num>5</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>No proceedings for an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref> may be commenced after the earlier of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the end of the period of 3 years beginning with the date of the commission of the offence, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the end of the period of 12 months beginning with the date of the discovery of the offence by the prosecutor.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>For the purposes of sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-5-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-5-1-b">(b)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a certificate signed by or on behalf of the prosecutor and stating the date on which the offence was discovered by the prosecutor is conclusive evidence of that fact, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a certificate stating that matter and purporting to be so signed shall be treated as so signed unless the contrary is proved.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="schedule" eId="schedule-6"><num>Schedule 6<authorialNote class="referenceNote">Section 84(3)</authorialNote></num><heading>Civil sanctions for infringing passenger permit scheme</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13556"><heading>Compliance notices</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may issue a compliance notice to a permit holder if satisfied that the permit holder has committed an infringement of the permit scheme.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A compliance notice is a notice requiring the permit holder to take such actions within <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-1-3">sub-paragraph (3)</ref> as are specified in the notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The actions that may be specified are those that the appropriate national authority considers appropriate in order to secure, or make it more likely, that the permit holder does not commit any similar infringement of the permit scheme in future.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The actions may be specified by referring (with or without further particulars) to the actions necessary to achieve a result described in the notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A compliance notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the appropriate national authority’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, or period during which, the specified actions must be taken.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The reference in <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-1-2">sub-paragraph (2)</ref> to taking action includes refraining from taking action; and “actions” in this paragraph is to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13618"><heading>Monetary penalties</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The appropriate national authority may issue a monetary penalty notice to a permit holder if satisfied that the permit holder has—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>committed an infringement of the permit scheme, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>failed to comply with a compliance notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A monetary penalty notice is a notice requiring the permit holder to pay a monetary penalty, of a sum specified in the notice, to the appropriate national authority.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-4">(4)</ref> applies in relation to a monetary penalty notice if it appears to the appropriate national authority that the failure to which the notice relates is or may be a continuing one.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The monetary penalty notice may provide for a sum specified in the notice to be added to the penalty for each day in the period—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>beginning with the day after the day on which the notice is issued, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>ending with—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the day on which the failure is brought to an end, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>such earlier day as is specified in the notice.</content></level></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A monetary penalty notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the appropriate national authority’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the penalty must be paid.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>If a monetary penalty is not paid on time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the penalty (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the appropriate national authority may recover the penalty (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>The appropriate national authority must, by regulations, provide for the determination of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a maximum sum that may be specified under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-2">(2)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a maximum sum that may be specified under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-4">(4)</ref>.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>Those regulations may determine the sum by reference to the turnover of the permit holder or any entities or undertakings that are connected with the permit holder in a manner specified in the regulations; and if they do so they may also make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>what counts as “turnover”;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>how turnover is to be calculated or assessed.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13767"><heading>Notice of intent</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Before issuing a compliance notice or monetary penalty notice to a permit holder, the appropriate national authority must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>issue a notice of intent to the permit holder, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>consider any representations made by the permit holder in response to (and in accordance with) that notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A notice of intent is a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the appropriate national authority’s intention to issue the compliance notice or monetary penalty notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>sets out the terms of that intended notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>explains the appropriate national authority’s reasons for intending to issue that notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>specifies the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A notice of intent may also—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>state the appropriate national authority’s intention to issue a costs notice in connection with the principal notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>give a general indication of the nature of the costs that the appropriate national authority is likely to seek to recover by way of the costs notice.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13841"><heading>Costs</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority issues a compliance notice or monetary penalty notice (“the principal notice”) to a permit holder, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the notice of intent that preceded the principal notice included the contents set out in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-3">3</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref>,</content></level><wrapUp>the appropriate national authority may also issue a costs notice to the permit holder.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A costs notice is a notice requiring the permit holder to pay a sum specified in the notice to the appropriate national authority.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-3"><num>(3)</num><content>That sum must be no greater than the total of the costs reasonably incurred by the appropriate national authority in connection with the principal notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The costs that may be taken into account for that purpose include—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>costs of investigating the matters to which the principal notice relates,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>administrative costs, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>costs of obtaining expert advice (including legal advice).</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A costs notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>particularise the costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explain (if it is not otherwise apparent) how those costs have been calculated, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the sum must be paid.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>If a sum payable under a costs notice is not paid in time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the sum (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the appropriate national authority may recover the sum (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The cancellation of a compliance notice or monetary penalty notice has the effect of cancelling any costs notice issued in connection with it.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13958"><heading>Cancellation and variation</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-5" class="schProv1"><num>5</num><intro>Where the appropriate national authority has issued a compliance notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice to a permit holder, the appropriate national authority may by further notice issued to the permit holder—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>vary it in any way that does not make it more onerous.</content></level></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13980"><heading>Appeals</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6" class="schProv1"><num>6</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A person to whom a compliance notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice is issued may appeal to the Tribunal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The grounds on which an appeal may be brought are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in the case of a compliance notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the infringement of the permit scheme on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the actions specified in the notice, or the time or period specified for taking them, are unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in the case of a monetary penalty notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the infringement of the permit scheme, or failure of compliance, on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the sum specified in the notice, or the time or manner specified for paying it, is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>in the case of a costs notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice were not reasonably incurred as described in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-4">4</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-4-3">(3)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the time or manner specified for payment is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>that the appropriate national authority failed to comply with <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-3">paragraph 3</ref>, or made some other procedural error, in respect of the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If satisfied that any of the grounds is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and do whichever of the following it considers appropriate—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>remit the matter to the appropriate national authority with a direction that the appropriate national authority consider, in accordance with the findings of the Tribunal and by such time as the Tribunal specifies, whether to cancel or vary the notice under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-5">paragraph 5</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if the appeal is allowed on the ground in <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2">sub-paragraph (2)</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b">(b)</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b-ii">(ii)</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-c">(c)</ref>, vary the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Otherwise, the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-5"><num>(5)</num><intro><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-6">Sub-paragraph (6)</ref> applies if a direction is made under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3">sub-paragraph (3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-b">(b)</ref> and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority varies the notice further to the direction, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the specified time, the appropriate national authority has neither varied nor cancelled the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The person who appealed against the notice may on application re-open the appeal—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on any of the original grounds further to which the direction under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3">sub-paragraph (3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-b">(b)</ref> was made, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a variation, on any further ground within <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2">sub-paragraph (2)</ref> that arises from the variation;</content></level><wrapUp>and <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3">sub-paragraphs (3)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-4">(4)</ref> apply again in relation to the grounds on which the appeal is re-opened.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The Tribunal (or any court on a further appeal) may make an interim order suspending the effect of a notice appealed against under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6">this paragraph</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-8"><num>(8)</num><content>If a monetary penalty notice includes provision under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2">2</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-4">(4)</ref>, either the appropriate national authority or the person to whom the notice is issued may apply to the Tribunal for a determination of whether an additional sum has become payable under that provision in respect of a particular day.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-9"><num>(9)</num><content>In <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6">this paragraph</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-the-tribunal" eId="term-the-tribunal">the Tribunal</term>” means the First-tier Tribunal, subject to <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-10">sub-paragraph (10)</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-10"><num>(10)</num><content>Tribunal Procedure Rules may provide for an appeal under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6">this paragraph</ref> to be made to the Upper Tribunal instead of the First-tier Tribunal; and if that is done references to “the Tribunal” are to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e14214"><heading>Enforcement action in respect of multiple occurrences</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-7" class="schProv1"><num>7</num><content>A single notice issued under this Schedule may relate to more than one occurrence by virtue of which the power to issue the notice arises (or is said to arise).</content></paragraph></hcontainer></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13556"><heading>Compliance notices</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may issue a compliance notice to a permit holder if satisfied that the permit holder has committed an infringement of the permit scheme.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A compliance notice is a notice requiring the permit holder to take such actions within <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-1-3">sub-paragraph (3)</ref> as are specified in the notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The actions that may be specified are those that the appropriate national authority considers appropriate in order to secure, or make it more likely, that the permit holder does not commit any similar infringement of the permit scheme in future.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The actions may be specified by referring (with or without further particulars) to the actions necessary to achieve a result described in the notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A compliance notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the appropriate national authority’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, or period during which, the specified actions must be taken.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The reference in <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-1-2">sub-paragraph (2)</ref> to taking action includes refraining from taking action; and “actions” in this paragraph is to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13618"><heading>Monetary penalties</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The appropriate national authority may issue a monetary penalty notice to a permit holder if satisfied that the permit holder has—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>committed an infringement of the permit scheme, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>failed to comply with a compliance notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A monetary penalty notice is a notice requiring the permit holder to pay a monetary penalty, of a sum specified in the notice, to the appropriate national authority.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-4">(4)</ref> applies in relation to a monetary penalty notice if it appears to the appropriate national authority that the failure to which the notice relates is or may be a continuing one.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The monetary penalty notice may provide for a sum specified in the notice to be added to the penalty for each day in the period—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>beginning with the day after the day on which the notice is issued, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>ending with—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the day on which the failure is brought to an end, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>such earlier day as is specified in the notice.</content></level></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A monetary penalty notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the appropriate national authority’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the penalty must be paid.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>If a monetary penalty is not paid on time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the penalty (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the appropriate national authority may recover the penalty (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>The appropriate national authority must, by regulations, provide for the determination of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a maximum sum that may be specified under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-2">(2)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a maximum sum that may be specified under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-4">(4)</ref>.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>Those regulations may determine the sum by reference to the turnover of the permit holder or any entities or undertakings that are connected with the permit holder in a manner specified in the regulations; and if they do so they may also make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>what counts as “turnover”;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>how turnover is to be calculated or assessed.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13767"><heading>Notice of intent</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Before issuing a compliance notice or monetary penalty notice to a permit holder, the appropriate national authority must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>issue a notice of intent to the permit holder, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>consider any representations made by the permit holder in response to (and in accordance with) that notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A notice of intent is a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the appropriate national authority’s intention to issue the compliance notice or monetary penalty notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>sets out the terms of that intended notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>explains the appropriate national authority’s reasons for intending to issue that notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>specifies the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A notice of intent may also—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>state the appropriate national authority’s intention to issue a costs notice in connection with the principal notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>give a general indication of the nature of the costs that the appropriate national authority is likely to seek to recover by way of the costs notice.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13841"><heading>Costs</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority issues a compliance notice or monetary penalty notice (“the principal notice”) to a permit holder, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the notice of intent that preceded the principal notice included the contents set out in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-3">3</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref>,</content></level><wrapUp>the appropriate national authority may also issue a costs notice to the permit holder.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A costs notice is a notice requiring the permit holder to pay a sum specified in the notice to the appropriate national authority.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-3"><num>(3)</num><content>That sum must be no greater than the total of the costs reasonably incurred by the appropriate national authority in connection with the principal notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The costs that may be taken into account for that purpose include—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>costs of investigating the matters to which the principal notice relates,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>administrative costs, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>costs of obtaining expert advice (including legal advice).</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A costs notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>particularise the costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explain (if it is not otherwise apparent) how those costs have been calculated, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the sum must be paid.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>If a sum payable under a costs notice is not paid in time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the sum (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the appropriate national authority may recover the sum (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The cancellation of a compliance notice or monetary penalty notice has the effect of cancelling any costs notice issued in connection with it.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13958"><heading>Cancellation and variation</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-5" class="schProv1"><num>5</num><intro>Where the appropriate national authority has issued a compliance notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice to a permit holder, the appropriate national authority may by further notice issued to the permit holder—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>vary it in any way that does not make it more onerous.</content></level></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13980"><heading>Appeals</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6" class="schProv1"><num>6</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A person to whom a compliance notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice is issued may appeal to the Tribunal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The grounds on which an appeal may be brought are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in the case of a compliance notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the infringement of the permit scheme on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the actions specified in the notice, or the time or period specified for taking them, are unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in the case of a monetary penalty notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the infringement of the permit scheme, or failure of compliance, on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the sum specified in the notice, or the time or manner specified for paying it, is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>in the case of a costs notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice were not reasonably incurred as described in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-4">4</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-4-3">(3)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the time or manner specified for payment is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>that the appropriate national authority failed to comply with <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-3">paragraph 3</ref>, or made some other procedural error, in respect of the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If satisfied that any of the grounds is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and do whichever of the following it considers appropriate—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>remit the matter to the appropriate national authority with a direction that the appropriate national authority consider, in accordance with the findings of the Tribunal and by such time as the Tribunal specifies, whether to cancel or vary the notice under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-5">paragraph 5</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if the appeal is allowed on the ground in <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2">sub-paragraph (2)</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b">(b)</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b-ii">(ii)</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-c">(c)</ref>, vary the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Otherwise, the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-5"><num>(5)</num><intro><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-6">Sub-paragraph (6)</ref> applies if a direction is made under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3">sub-paragraph (3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-b">(b)</ref> and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority varies the notice further to the direction, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the specified time, the appropriate national authority has neither varied nor cancelled the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The person who appealed against the notice may on application re-open the appeal—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on any of the original grounds further to which the direction under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3">sub-paragraph (3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-b">(b)</ref> was made, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a variation, on any further ground within <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2">sub-paragraph (2)</ref> that arises from the variation;</content></level><wrapUp>and <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3">sub-paragraphs (3)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-4">(4)</ref> apply again in relation to the grounds on which the appeal is re-opened.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The Tribunal (or any court on a further appeal) may make an interim order suspending the effect of a notice appealed against under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6">this paragraph</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-8"><num>(8)</num><content>If a monetary penalty notice includes provision under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2">2</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-4">(4)</ref>, either the appropriate national authority or the person to whom the notice is issued may apply to the Tribunal for a determination of whether an additional sum has become payable under that provision in respect of a particular day.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-9"><num>(9)</num><content>In <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6">this paragraph</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-the-tribunal" eId="term-the-tribunal">the Tribunal</term>” means the First-tier Tribunal, subject to <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-10">sub-paragraph (10)</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-10"><num>(10)</num><content>Tribunal Procedure Rules may provide for an appeal under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6">this paragraph</ref> to be made to the Upper Tribunal instead of the First-tier Tribunal; and if that is done references to “the Tribunal” are to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e14214"><heading>Enforcement action in respect of multiple occurrences</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-7" class="schProv1"><num>7</num><content>A single notice issued under this Schedule may relate to more than one occurrence by virtue of which the power to issue the notice arises (or is said to arise).</content></paragraph></hcontainer>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-local-transport-authority" eId="term-local-transport-authority">local transport authority</term>” has the same meaning as in the Transport (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00002" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2001/2">2001 (asp 2)</ref> (see section 82(1) of that Act).</content></hcontainer>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-86-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>For the purposes of <ref href="#section-86-3">subsection (3)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-86-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a service is exempt from a franchising scheme if it is of a class that is excepted from regulation arising because of the scheme (see section 123H of the Transport Act 2000);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-86-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a service is exempt from a franchising framework if it is of a description that is exempted from the framework (see section 13D(2) of the Transport (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00003" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2001/2">2001 (asp 2)</ref>).</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-87"><num>87</num><heading>Further requirements</heading><subsection eId="section-87-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Before granting a permit, the appropriate national authority must consult any traffic authorities and emergency services that it considers are likely to be substantially affected if the permit is granted.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-87-2"><num>(2)</num><content>In <ref href="#section-87-1">subsection (1)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-traffic-authority" eId="term-traffic-authority">traffic authority</term>” has the same meaning as in the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 (see section 121A of that Act) (but does not include the appropriate national authority itself).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-87-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In deciding whether to grant a permit, the appropriate national authority must have regard to whether, and to what extent, the granting of the permit is likely to lead to an improvement in the understanding of how automated passenger services should best be designed for, and provided to, older or disabled passengers.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-87-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Where the appropriate national authority grants a permit, it must include a permit condition (of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-82">82</ref><ref href="#section-82-5">(5)</ref><ref href="#section-82-5-b">(b)</ref>) requiring the permit holder to publish reports about the automated passenger services which it provides, and in particular about the steps which it takes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-87-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>to meet the needs of older or disabled passengers, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-87-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>to safeguard passengers more generally.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-87-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Before granting a permit, the appropriate national authority must consult any traffic authorities and emergency services that it considers are likely to be substantially affected if the permit is granted.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-87-2"><num>(2)</num><content>In <ref href="#section-87-1">subsection (1)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-traffic-authority" eId="term-traffic-authority">traffic authority</term>” has the same meaning as in the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 (see section 121A of that Act) (but does not include the appropriate national authority itself).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-87-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In deciding whether to grant a permit, the appropriate national authority must have regard to whether, and to what extent, the granting of the permit is likely to lead to an improvement in the understanding of how automated passenger services should best be designed for, and provided to, older or disabled passengers.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-87-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Where the appropriate national authority grants a permit, it must include a permit condition (of the sort described in section <ref href="#section-82">82</ref><ref href="#section-82-5">(5)</ref><ref href="#section-82-5-b">(b)</ref>) requiring the permit holder to publish reports about the automated passenger services which it provides, and in particular about the steps which it takes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-87-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>to meet the needs of older or disabled passengers, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-87-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>to safeguard passengers more generally.</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-88"><num>88</num><heading>Collection, sharing and protection of information</heading><subsection eId="section-88-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Permit conditions may, in particular, include conditions as to the collection and sharing of information.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-88-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>That reference to sharing includes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>sharing with the appropriate national authority or other public authorities, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>sharing with private businesses (such as vehicle manufacturers or insurers).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-88-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The following provisions of this section apply in relation to information that a person obtains further to a permit condition as to the sharing of information.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-88-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In those provisions, “<term refersTo="#term-the-recipient" eId="term-the-recipient">the recipient</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person who obtains the information as described in subsection <ref href="#section-88-3">(3)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any other person to whom the information is subsequently disclosed.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-88-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The appropriate national authority may make regulations authorising the recipient to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to another person for a purpose specified in the regulations, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-88-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>It is an offence for the recipient to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to another person, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained,</content></level><wrapUp>except as authorised by regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-88-5">(5)</ref> or any other enactment.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-88-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>But it is a defence to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person from whom the information was obtained as described in subsection <ref href="#section-88-3">(3)</ref> consented to the disclosure or use, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the recipient reasonably believed that the disclosure or use was lawful, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a disclosure, that the information had already lawfully been disclosed to the other person.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-88-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-88-6">(6)</ref> is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England and Wales, to a fine;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to a fine.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-88-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-88-5">(5)</ref> are not to be taken to authorise disclosure or use that would be liable to harm the commercial interests of any person, except to the extent that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the regulations otherwise provide, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-9-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person disclosing or using the information reasonably considers such disclosure or use necessary in view of the purpose of the regulations.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-88-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Permit conditions may, in particular, include conditions as to the collection and sharing of information.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-88-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>That reference to sharing includes—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>sharing with the appropriate national authority or other public authorities, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>sharing with private businesses (such as vehicle manufacturers or insurers).</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-88-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The following provisions of this section apply in relation to information that a person obtains further to a permit condition as to the sharing of information.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-88-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In those provisions, “<term refersTo="#term-the-recipient" eId="term-the-recipient">the recipient</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person who obtains the information as described in subsection <ref href="#section-88-3">(3)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any other person to whom the information is subsequently disclosed.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-88-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The appropriate national authority may make regulations authorising the recipient to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to another person for a purpose specified in the regulations, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-88-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>It is an offence for the recipient to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>disclose the information to another person, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>use the information for a purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained,</content></level><wrapUp>except as authorised by regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-88-5">(5)</ref> or any other enactment.</wrapUp></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-88-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>But it is a defence to prove that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the person from whom the information was obtained as described in subsection <ref href="#section-88-3">(3)</ref> consented to the disclosure or use, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the recipient reasonably believed that the disclosure or use was lawful, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a disclosure, that the information had already lawfully been disclosed to the other person.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-88-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>A person who commits an offence under subsection <ref href="#section-88-6">(6)</ref> is liable—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on summary conviction in England and Wales, to a fine;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>on summary conviction in Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-8-c"><num>(c)</num><content>on conviction on indictment, to a fine.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-88-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-88-5">(5)</ref> are not to be taken to authorise disclosure or use that would be liable to harm the commercial interests of any person, except to the extent that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-88-9-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the regulations otherwise provide, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-88-9-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the person disclosing or using the information reasonably considers such disclosure or use necessary in view of the purpose of the regulations.</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-89"><num>89</num><heading>Procedural and administrative matters</heading><subsection eId="section-89-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A permit may be varied, renewed, suspended or withdrawn in such circumstances as are specified in regulations made by the appropriate national authority.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may, by regulations, make provision about the procedure to be followed in connection with the grant, retention, renewal, expiry, variation, suspension or withdrawal of a permit.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-89-2">(2)</ref> may, in particular, make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-89-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the form and content of an application for a permit (or for the renewal of a permit);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-89-3-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>fees payable in respect of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-89-3-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>an application for a permit (or for the renewal of a permit), or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-89-3-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>the grant, retention or renewal a permit;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-89-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the notification of decisions;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-89-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>reviews of, or appeals against, decisions.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-4"><num>(4)</num><content>If fees are made payable as mentioned in subsection <ref href="#section-89-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-89-3-b">(b)</ref><ref href="#section-89-3-b-ii">(ii)</ref>, the amount of such a fee may be determined by reference to any costs incurred, or likely to be incurred, by the appropriate national authority in connection with any function under this Part (whether or not directly related to what the fee is for).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-5"><num>(5)</num><content>But a given amount of costs (or likely costs) may not be taken into account more than once in determining amounts of fees under this Part.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may, by regulations, set a maximum period for which a permit may be valid.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may, by regulations, provide for its functions under any provision made by or under this Part to be exercisable by a traffic commissioner instead of, or in addition to, the appropriate national authority.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-89-7">(7)</ref> made by the Scottish Ministers or the Welsh Ministers—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-89-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>if they apply to a function in respect of which a fee is payable, must also apply to the function of charging and receiving that fee;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-89-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>if they apply to the function of issuing a notice under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2">2</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-6">Schedule 6</ref> (compliance notices and monetary penalty notices), must also apply to the functions under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-4">4</ref> of that Schedule (costs notices) so far as exercisable in connection with the first function.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-9"><num>(9)</num><content>Money received by a traffic commissioner as a result of regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-89-7">(7)</ref> must, unless subsection <ref href="#section-89-10">(10)</ref> applies, be paid into the Consolidated Fund in such manner as the Treasury may direct.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-89-10"><num>(10)</num><content>Money received by a traffic commissioner under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2">2</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-2">(2)</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-6">Schedule 6</ref> (monetary penalties) as a result of regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-89-7">(7)</ref> made by the Scottish Ministers or the Welsh Ministers must be paid to those Ministers.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-89-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A permit may be varied, renewed, suspended or withdrawn in such circumstances as are specified in regulations made by the appropriate national authority.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-89-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may, by regulations, make provision about the procedure to be followed in connection with the grant, retention, renewal, expiry, variation, suspension or withdrawal of a permit.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-89-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-89-2">(2)</ref> may, in particular, make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-89-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the form and content of an application for a permit (or for the renewal of a permit);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-89-3-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>fees payable in respect of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-89-3-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>an application for a permit (or for the renewal of a permit), or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-89-3-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>the grant, retention or renewal a permit;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-89-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the notification of decisions;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-89-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>reviews of, or appeals against, decisions.</content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-89-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the form and content of an application for a permit (or for the renewal of a permit);</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-89-3-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>fees payable in respect of—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-89-3-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>an application for a permit (or for the renewal of a permit), or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-89-3-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>the grant, retention or renewal a permit;</content></level></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-89-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the notification of decisions;</content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-89-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>reviews of, or appeals against, decisions.</content></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-89-4"><num>(4)</num><content>If fees are made payable as mentioned in subsection <ref href="#section-89-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#section-89-3-b">(b)</ref><ref href="#section-89-3-b-ii">(ii)</ref>, the amount of such a fee may be determined by reference to any costs incurred, or likely to be incurred, by the appropriate national authority in connection with any function under this Part (whether or not directly related to what the fee is for).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-89-5"><num>(5)</num><content>But a given amount of costs (or likely costs) may not be taken into account more than once in determining amounts of fees under this Part.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-89-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may, by regulations, set a maximum period for which a permit may be valid.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-89-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may, by regulations, provide for its functions under any provision made by or under this Part to be exercisable by a traffic commissioner instead of, or in addition to, the appropriate national authority.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-89-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>Regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-89-7">(7)</ref> made by the Scottish Ministers or the Welsh Ministers—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-89-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>if they apply to a function in respect of which a fee is payable, must also apply to the function of charging and receiving that fee;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-89-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>if they apply to the function of issuing a notice under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2">2</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-6">Schedule 6</ref> (compliance notices and monetary penalty notices), must also apply to the functions under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-4">4</ref> of that Schedule (costs notices) so far as exercisable in connection with the first function.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-89-9"><num>(9)</num><content>Money received by a traffic commissioner as a result of regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-89-7">(7)</ref> must, unless subsection <ref href="#section-89-10">(10)</ref> applies, be paid into the Consolidated Fund in such manner as the Treasury may direct.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-89-10"><num>(10)</num><content>Money received by a traffic commissioner under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2">2</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-2">(2)</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-6">Schedule 6</ref> (monetary penalties) as a result of regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-89-7">(7)</ref> made by the Scottish Ministers or the Welsh Ministers must be paid to those Ministers.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-90"><num>90</num><heading>Interpretation</heading><subsection eId="section-90-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>In this Part—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-automated-passenger-service" eId="term-automated-passenger-service">automated passenger service</term>” has the meaning given by <ref href="#section-82">section 82</ref><ref href="#section-82-2">(2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-permit" eId="term-permit">permit</term>” means a permit under <ref href="#section-82">section 82</ref><ref href="#section-82-1">(1)</ref> (and “permit holder” is to be read accordingly);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-permit-condition" eId="term-permit-condition">permit condition</term>” has the meaning indicated in section <ref href="#section-82">82</ref><ref href="#section-82-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-82-4-d">(d)</ref>.</content></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-90-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The remaining subsections apply for the purposes of this Part.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-90-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An automated passenger service is “provided in” an area if (and only if) it involves passengers being carried in that area.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-90-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Subject to subsection <ref href="#section-90-5">(5)</ref>, the “appropriate national authority” is—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-90-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the Secretary of State, in relation to a permit for the provision of a service in England;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-90-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the Scottish Ministers, in relation to a permit for the provision of a service in Scotland;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-90-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the Welsh Ministers, in relation to a permit for the provision of a service in Wales.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-90-5"><num>(5)</num><content>In relation to a permit for the provision of a service in a public service vehicle, the “appropriate national authority” is the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-90-6"><num>(6)</num><content>A permit is of that description if, under the permit, a service could be provided in a vehicle that, by virtue of its use in providing that service, would count as a public service vehicle within the meaning of the Public Passenger Vehicles Act 1981 (assuming that section <ref href="#section-83">83</ref> did not apply).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-90-7"><num>(7)</num><content>In relation to the exercise of power by a traffic commissioner further to regulations under <ref href="#section-89">section 89</ref><ref href="#section-89-7">(7)</ref>, references in this Part to the appropriate national authority are to be read as including a traffic commissioner.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-90-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>In this Part—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-automated-passenger-service" eId="term-automated-passenger-service">automated passenger service</term>” has the meaning given by <ref href="#section-82">section 82</ref><ref href="#section-82-2">(2)</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-permit" eId="term-permit">permit</term>” means a permit under <ref href="#section-82">section 82</ref><ref href="#section-82-1">(1)</ref> (and “permit holder” is to be read accordingly);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-permit-condition" eId="term-permit-condition">permit condition</term>” has the meaning indicated in section <ref href="#section-82">82</ref><ref href="#section-82-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-82-4-d">(d)</ref>.</content></hcontainer></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1"><num>(f)</num><content>section 84 (speed limits).</content></level>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-overseen" eId="term-overseen">overseen</term>” (see section <ref href="#section-12">12</ref><ref href="#section-12-3">(3)</ref>);</content></hcontainer>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This paragraph applies if the Secretary of State considers that a person has committed, or is likely to commit, an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may accept an undertaking from the person as to the person’s future activity, if the Secretary of State considers that compliance with the undertaking would tend to avoid the commission by the person of an offence (or further offence) under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State must publish details of any undertaking accepted under this paragraph.</content></subparagraph></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Before issuing a compliance notice or monetary penalty notice to a permit holder, the appropriate national authority must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>issue a notice of intent to the permit holder, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>consider any representations made by the permit holder in response to (and in accordance with) that notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A notice of intent is a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the appropriate national authority’s intention to issue the compliance notice or monetary penalty notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>sets out the terms of that intended notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>explains the appropriate national authority’s reasons for intending to issue that notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>specifies the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A notice of intent may also—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>state the appropriate national authority’s intention to issue a costs notice in connection with the principal notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>give a general indication of the nature of the costs that the appropriate national authority is likely to seek to recover by way of the costs notice.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph>

<paragraph xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6" class="schProv1"><num>6</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A person to whom a compliance notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice is issued may appeal to the Tribunal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The grounds on which an appeal may be brought are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in the case of a compliance notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the infringement of the permit scheme on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the actions specified in the notice, or the time or period specified for taking them, are unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in the case of a monetary penalty notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the infringement of the permit scheme, or failure of compliance, on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the sum specified in the notice, or the time or manner specified for paying it, is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>in the case of a costs notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice were not reasonably incurred as described in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-4">4</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-4-3">(3)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the time or manner specified for payment is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>that the appropriate national authority failed to comply with <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-3">paragraph 3</ref>, or made some other procedural error, in respect of the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If satisfied that any of the grounds is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and do whichever of the following it considers appropriate—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>remit the matter to the appropriate national authority with a direction that the appropriate national authority consider, in accordance with the findings of the Tribunal and by such time as the Tribunal specifies, whether to cancel or vary the notice under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-5">paragraph 5</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if the appeal is allowed on the ground in <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2">sub-paragraph (2)</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b">(b)</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b-ii">(ii)</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-c">(c)</ref>, vary the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Otherwise, the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-5"><num>(5)</num><intro><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-6">Sub-paragraph (6)</ref> applies if a direction is made under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3">sub-paragraph (3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-b">(b)</ref> and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority varies the notice further to the direction, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the specified time, the appropriate national authority has neither varied nor cancelled the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The person who appealed against the notice may on application re-open the appeal—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on any of the original grounds further to which the direction under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3">sub-paragraph (3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-b">(b)</ref> was made, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a variation, on any further ground within <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2">sub-paragraph (2)</ref> that arises from the variation;</content></level><wrapUp>and <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3">sub-paragraphs (3)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-4">(4)</ref> apply again in relation to the grounds on which the appeal is re-opened.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The Tribunal (or any court on a further appeal) may make an interim order suspending the effect of a notice appealed against under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6">this paragraph</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-8"><num>(8)</num><content>If a monetary penalty notice includes provision under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2">2</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-4">(4)</ref>, either the appropriate national authority or the person to whom the notice is issued may apply to the Tribunal for a determination of whether an additional sum has become payable under that provision in respect of a particular day.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-9"><num>(9)</num><content>In <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6">this paragraph</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-the-tribunal" eId="term-the-tribunal">the Tribunal</term>” means the First-tier Tribunal, subject to <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-10">sub-paragraph (10)</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-10"><num>(10)</num><content>Tribunal Procedure Rules may provide for an appeal under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6">this paragraph</ref> to be made to the Upper Tribunal instead of the First-tier Tribunal; and if that is done references to “the Tribunal” are to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-90-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The remaining subsections apply for the purposes of this Part.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-90-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An automated passenger service is “provided in” an area if (and only if) it involves passengers being carried in that area.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-90-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Subject to subsection <ref href="#section-90-5">(5)</ref>, the “appropriate national authority” is—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-90-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the Secretary of State, in relation to a permit for the provision of a service in England;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-90-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the Scottish Ministers, in relation to a permit for the provision of a service in Scotland;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-90-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the Welsh Ministers, in relation to a permit for the provision of a service in Wales.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-90-5"><num>(5)</num><content>In relation to a permit for the provision of a service in a public service vehicle, the “appropriate national authority” is the Secretary of State.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-90-6"><num>(6)</num><content>A permit is of that description if, under the permit, a service could be provided in a vehicle that, by virtue of its use in providing that service, would count as a public service vehicle within the meaning of the Public Passenger Vehicles Act 1981 (assuming that section <ref href="#section-83">83</ref> did not apply).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-90-7"><num>(7)</num><content>In relation to the exercise of power by a traffic commissioner further to regulations under <ref href="#section-89">section 89</ref><ref href="#section-89-7">(7)</ref>, references in this Part to the appropriate national authority are to be read as including a traffic commissioner.</content></subsection>

<part xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="part-6"><num>Part 6</num><heading>Adaptation of existing regimes</heading><section eId="section-91"><num>91</num><heading>Power to update type approval requirements</heading><subsection eId="section-91-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may exercise the power in subsection <ref href="#section-91-2">(2)</ref> if the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to do so for the purpose of making the assimilated type approval legislation more suitable for—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-91-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>vehicles that are designed to travel autonomously, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-91-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>any other type of vehicle that—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-91-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>includes equipment designed to allow its motion to be controlled other than by an individual in it, or to facilitate its being so controlled, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-91-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>is designed to incorporate or interact with software.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-91-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The power is to make regulations amending the assimilated type approval legislation so as to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-91-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>impose new type approval requirements, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-91-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>alter or remove existing type approval requirements.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-91-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The new requirements that may be imposed include—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-91-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>requirements on a person who is not already subject to type approval requirements (such as a person who is an authorised self-driving entity or licensed no-user-in-charge operator for the purposes of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-91-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>requirements designed for the purpose of securing, demonstrating, recording or assessing compliance with other type approval requirements.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-91-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-the-assimilated-type-approval-legislation" eId="term-the-assimilated-type-approval-legislation">the assimilated type approval legislation</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>Regulation <ref eId="c00004" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2007/0715">(EC) No 715/2007</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>Regulation <ref eId="c00005" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2009/0078">(EC) No 78/2009</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 January 2009 on the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to the protection of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>Regulation <ref eId="c00006" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2009/0079">(EC) No 79/2009</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 January 2009 on type-approval of hydrogen-powered motor vehicles,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>Regulation <ref eId="c00007" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2009/0595">(EC) No 595/2009</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 on type-approval of motor vehicles and engines with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles;</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(e)</num><content>Regulation <ref eId="c00008" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2009/0661">(EC) No 661/2009</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate technical units intended therefor,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(f)</num><content><ref eId="c00009" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2013/0167">Regulation (EU) No 167/2013</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 February 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of agricultural and forestry vehicles,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(g)</num><content><ref eId="c00010" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2013/0168">Regulation (EU) No 168/2013</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(h)</num><content><ref eId="c00011" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2014/0540">Regulation (EU) No 540/2014</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the sound level of motor vehicles and of replacement silencing systems,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(i)</num><content><ref eId="c00012" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2015/0758">Regulation (EU) 2015/758</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 concerning type-approval requirements for the deployment of the eCall in-vehicle system based on the 112 service,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(j)</num><content><ref eId="c00013" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2018/0858">Regulation (EU) 2018/858</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on the approval and market surveillance of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(k)</num><content>any assimilated direct legislation made under, or for the purposes of, any of the regulations listed above,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(l)</num><content>the Motorcycles (Type-Approval) Regulations 2018 (<ref eId="c00014" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2018/235">S.I. 2018/235</ref>),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(m)</num><content>the Agricultural and Forestry Vehicles (Type-Approval) Regulations 2018 (<ref eId="c00015" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2018/236">S.I. 2018/236</ref>), and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(n)</num><content>the Road Vehicles (Approval) Regulations 2020 (<ref eId="c00016" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/818">S.I. 2020/818</ref>);</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-travel-autonomously" eId="term-travel-autonomously">travel autonomously</term>” has the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> (see section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-5">(5)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-type-approval-requirements" eId="term-type-approval-requirements">type approval requirements</term>” means requirements in connection with the placing or keeping of a vehicle, or any item designed for use in connection with a vehicle, on the market in Great Britain.</content></hcontainer></subsection></section><section eId="section-92"><num>92</num><heading>Application of roadside testing powers etc</heading><subsection eId="section-92-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Road Traffic Act 1988 is amended as follows.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-92-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In section 67 (testing of condition of vehicle on roads)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-92-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>after subsection (1) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(1A)</num><content>An authorised examiner may test an authorised automated vehicle on a road for the purpose of ascertaining whether authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations are being complied with as respects the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection><num>(1B)</num><intro>In the sections from this section to section 73 as they apply in relation to an authorised automated vehicle—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>references to the driver include any person in charge of the vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>references to driving the vehicle include operating it in any other way.</content></level></subsection></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in subsection (3B)—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-92-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>omit the “and” after paragraph (b);</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-92-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><mod>after paragraph (c) insert <quotedText startQuote="“">, and</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>authorised automated vehicles.</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content><mod>after subsection (8) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(8A)</num><content>Subsection (8), as it applies in respect of an authorised automated vehicle, is to be read as if any failure to comply with authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations were a defect.</content></subsection></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content><mod>at the end insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(11)</num><content>For the purposes of the sections from this section to section 73, inspecting a vehicle includes examining any electronic information stored on, or accessible from, equipment of the vehicle.</content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-92-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>In section 68 (general power of examiners to inspect goods vehicles and passenger vehicles)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-92-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>in the heading, for “and goods vehicles” substitute <quotedText>“, goods vehicles and authorised automated vehicles”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-3-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in subsection (6)—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-92-3-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>omit the “and” after paragraph (b);</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-92-3-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><mod>after paragraph (c) insert <quotedText startQuote="“">and</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>authorised automated vehicles;</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content><mod>at the end insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection eId="d25e10366"><num>(7)</num><content>But this section does not authorise entry onto domestic premises in respect of a vehicle to which this section applies only because it is an authorised automated vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection><num>(8)</num><content>In subsection <ref href="#d25e10366">(7)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-domestic-premises">domestic premises</term>” means premises used as a private dwelling or as an appurtenance to a private dwelling.</content></subsection></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><wrapUp><mod>and in the italic heading preceding that section, for “and goods vehicles” substitute <quotedText>“, goods vehicles and automated vehicles”</quotedText>.</mod></wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-92-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In section 69 (power to prohibit driving)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-92-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>in subsection (1), after paragraph (c) insert <quotedText startQuote="“">, or</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>in the case of an authorised automated vehicle, by means of one or more of its authorised automation features.</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>in subsection (2), after paragraph (c) insert <quotedText startQuote="“">, or</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>in the case of an authorised automated vehicle, by means of one or more of its authorised automation features.</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content><mod>at the end insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(10)</num><content>This section, as it applies in respect of an authorised automated vehicle, is to be read as if any failure to comply with authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations were a defect.</content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-93"><num>93</num><heading>Provision of information about traffic regulation measures</heading><subsection eId="section-93-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision requiring a traffic regulation authority to provide prescribed information about a relevant traffic regulation measure for an area in England.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-93-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Welsh Ministers may by regulations make provision requiring a traffic regulation authority to provide prescribed information about a relevant traffic regulation measure for an area in Wales.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-93-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-traffic-regulation-authority" eId="term-traffic-regulation-authority">traffic regulation authority</term>” means a person who has the power to make a traffic regulation measure;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-traffic-regulation-measure" eId="term-traffic-regulation-measure">traffic regulation measure</term>” means an order or notice under any of the following provisions of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>section 1 (traffic regulation orders),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>section 6 (orders regulating traffic in Greater London),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>section 9 (experimental traffic orders),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>section 14 (temporary orders and notices),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(e)</num><content>section 16A (special events), or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(f)</num><content>section 84 (speed limits).</content></level></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-93-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, a traffic regulation measure is a “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-traffic-regulation-measure" eId="term-relevant-traffic-regulation-measure">relevant traffic regulation measure</term>”, in relation to a traffic regulation authority, if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-93-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>is made by that authority, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-93-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>otherwise has effect in the area for which that authority has the power to make a traffic regulation measure of that type.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-93-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Regulations under this section may be made only if the person making them considers that the provision of information in accordance with the regulations will help to enable information about the effects of traffic regulation measures to be communicated to or acted upon by—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-93-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>authorised automated vehicles, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-93-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>electronic equipment designed to undertake or facilitate the driving of other vehicles on roads.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-93-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In relation to regulations under this section that amend previous regulations under this section (see section 14 of the Interpretation Act 1978), subsection <ref href="#section-93-5">(5)</ref> applies as if the second reference to regulations were a reference to the previous regulations as they would be amended by the new regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-93-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>Regulations under this section must make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-93-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>to whom the information is to be provided,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-93-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>when it is to be provided, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-93-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the manner and form in which it is to be provided.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-93-8"><num>(8)</num><content>Provision made under <ref href="#section-93-7">subsection (7)</ref><ref href="#section-93-7-c">(c)</ref> may, in particular, provide that information is to be provided in accordance with a specified model, standard or set of specifications as it exists from time to time.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-93-9"><num>(9)</num><content>Regulations under this section may apply in respect of traffic regulation measures made before the regulations come into force (including those made before this Act is passed).</content></subsection></section></part>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-91"><num>91</num><heading>Power to update type approval requirements</heading><subsection eId="section-91-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may exercise the power in subsection <ref href="#section-91-2">(2)</ref> if the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to do so for the purpose of making the assimilated type approval legislation more suitable for—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-91-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>vehicles that are designed to travel autonomously, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-91-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>any other type of vehicle that—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-91-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>includes equipment designed to allow its motion to be controlled other than by an individual in it, or to facilitate its being so controlled, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-91-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>is designed to incorporate or interact with software.</content></level></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-91-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The power is to make regulations amending the assimilated type approval legislation so as to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-91-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>impose new type approval requirements, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-91-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>alter or remove existing type approval requirements.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-91-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The new requirements that may be imposed include—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-91-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>requirements on a person who is not already subject to type approval requirements (such as a person who is an authorised self-driving entity or licensed no-user-in-charge operator for the purposes of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-91-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>requirements designed for the purpose of securing, demonstrating, recording or assessing compliance with other type approval requirements.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-91-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-the-assimilated-type-approval-legislation" eId="term-the-assimilated-type-approval-legislation">the assimilated type approval legislation</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>Regulation <ref eId="c00004" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2007/0715">(EC) No 715/2007</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>Regulation <ref eId="c00005" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2009/0078">(EC) No 78/2009</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 January 2009 on the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to the protection of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>Regulation <ref eId="c00006" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2009/0079">(EC) No 79/2009</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 January 2009 on type-approval of hydrogen-powered motor vehicles,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>Regulation <ref eId="c00007" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2009/0595">(EC) No 595/2009</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 on type-approval of motor vehicles and engines with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles;</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(e)</num><content>Regulation <ref eId="c00008" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2009/0661">(EC) No 661/2009</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate technical units intended therefor,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(f)</num><content><ref eId="c00009" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2013/0167">Regulation (EU) No 167/2013</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 February 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of agricultural and forestry vehicles,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(g)</num><content><ref eId="c00010" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2013/0168">Regulation (EU) No 168/2013</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(h)</num><content><ref eId="c00011" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2014/0540">Regulation (EU) No 540/2014</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the sound level of motor vehicles and of replacement silencing systems,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(i)</num><content><ref eId="c00012" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2015/0758">Regulation (EU) 2015/758</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 concerning type-approval requirements for the deployment of the eCall in-vehicle system based on the 112 service,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(j)</num><content><ref eId="c00013" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2018/0858">Regulation (EU) 2018/858</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on the approval and market surveillance of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(k)</num><content>any assimilated direct legislation made under, or for the purposes of, any of the regulations listed above,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(l)</num><content>the Motorcycles (Type-Approval) Regulations 2018 (<ref eId="c00014" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2018/235">S.I. 2018/235</ref>),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(m)</num><content>the Agricultural and Forestry Vehicles (Type-Approval) Regulations 2018 (<ref eId="c00015" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2018/236">S.I. 2018/236</ref>), and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(n)</num><content>the Road Vehicles (Approval) Regulations 2020 (<ref eId="c00016" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/818">S.I. 2020/818</ref>);</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-travel-autonomously" eId="term-travel-autonomously">travel autonomously</term>” has the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> (see section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-5">(5)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-type-approval-requirements" eId="term-type-approval-requirements">type approval requirements</term>” means requirements in connection with the placing or keeping of a vehicle, or any item designed for use in connection with a vehicle, on the market in Great Britain.</content></hcontainer></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-91-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The Secretary of State may exercise the power in subsection <ref href="#section-91-2">(2)</ref> if the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to do so for the purpose of making the assimilated type approval legislation more suitable for—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-91-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>vehicles that are designed to travel autonomously, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-91-1-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>any other type of vehicle that—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-91-1-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>includes equipment designed to allow its motion to be controlled other than by an individual in it, or to facilitate its being so controlled, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-91-1-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>is designed to incorporate or interact with software.</content></level></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-91-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The power is to make regulations amending the assimilated type approval legislation so as to—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-91-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>impose new type approval requirements, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-91-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>alter or remove existing type approval requirements.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-91-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>The new requirements that may be imposed include—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-91-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>requirements on a person who is not already subject to type approval requirements (such as a person who is an authorised self-driving entity or licensed no-user-in-charge operator for the purposes of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-91-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>requirements designed for the purpose of securing, demonstrating, recording or assessing compliance with other type approval requirements.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-91-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-the-assimilated-type-approval-legislation" eId="term-the-assimilated-type-approval-legislation">the assimilated type approval legislation</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>Regulation <ref eId="c00004" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2007/0715">(EC) No 715/2007</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>Regulation <ref eId="c00005" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2009/0078">(EC) No 78/2009</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 January 2009 on the type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to the protection of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>Regulation <ref eId="c00006" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2009/0079">(EC) No 79/2009</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 January 2009 on type-approval of hydrogen-powered motor vehicles,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>Regulation <ref eId="c00007" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2009/0595">(EC) No 595/2009</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 on type-approval of motor vehicles and engines with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles;</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(e)</num><content>Regulation <ref eId="c00008" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2009/0661">(EC) No 661/2009</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate technical units intended therefor,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(f)</num><content><ref eId="c00009" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2013/0167">Regulation (EU) No 167/2013</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 February 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of agricultural and forestry vehicles,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(g)</num><content><ref eId="c00010" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2013/0168">Regulation (EU) No 168/2013</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(h)</num><content><ref eId="c00011" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2014/0540">Regulation (EU) No 540/2014</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the sound level of motor vehicles and of replacement silencing systems,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(i)</num><content><ref eId="c00012" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2015/0758">Regulation (EU) 2015/758</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 concerning type-approval requirements for the deployment of the eCall in-vehicle system based on the 112 service,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(j)</num><content><ref eId="c00013" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/european/regulation/2018/0858">Regulation (EU) 2018/858</ref> of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on the approval and market surveillance of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(k)</num><content>any assimilated direct legislation made under, or for the purposes of, any of the regulations listed above,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(l)</num><content>the Motorcycles (Type-Approval) Regulations 2018 (<ref eId="c00014" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2018/235">S.I. 2018/235</ref>),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(m)</num><content>the Agricultural and Forestry Vehicles (Type-Approval) Regulations 2018 (<ref eId="c00015" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2018/236">S.I. 2018/236</ref>), and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(n)</num><content>the Road Vehicles (Approval) Regulations 2020 (<ref eId="c00016" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2020/818">S.I. 2020/818</ref>);</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-travel-autonomously" eId="term-travel-autonomously">travel autonomously</term>” has the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> (see section <ref href="#section-1">1</ref><ref href="#section-1-5">(5)</ref>);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-type-approval-requirements" eId="term-type-approval-requirements">type approval requirements</term>” means requirements in connection with the placing or keeping of a vehicle, or any item designed for use in connection with a vehicle, on the market in Great Britain.</content></hcontainer></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-92"><num>92</num><heading>Application of roadside testing powers etc</heading><subsection eId="section-92-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Road Traffic Act 1988 is amended as follows.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-92-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In section 67 (testing of condition of vehicle on roads)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-92-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>after subsection (1) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(1A)</num><content>An authorised examiner may test an authorised automated vehicle on a road for the purpose of ascertaining whether authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations are being complied with as respects the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection><num>(1B)</num><intro>In the sections from this section to section 73 as they apply in relation to an authorised automated vehicle—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>references to the driver include any person in charge of the vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>references to driving the vehicle include operating it in any other way.</content></level></subsection></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in subsection (3B)—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-92-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>omit the “and” after paragraph (b);</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-92-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><mod>after paragraph (c) insert <quotedText startQuote="“">, and</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>authorised automated vehicles.</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content><mod>after subsection (8) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(8A)</num><content>Subsection (8), as it applies in respect of an authorised automated vehicle, is to be read as if any failure to comply with authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations were a defect.</content></subsection></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content><mod>at the end insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(11)</num><content>For the purposes of the sections from this section to section 73, inspecting a vehicle includes examining any electronic information stored on, or accessible from, equipment of the vehicle.</content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-92-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>In section 68 (general power of examiners to inspect goods vehicles and passenger vehicles)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-92-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>in the heading, for “and goods vehicles” substitute <quotedText>“, goods vehicles and authorised automated vehicles”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-3-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in subsection (6)—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-92-3-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>omit the “and” after paragraph (b);</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-92-3-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><mod>after paragraph (c) insert <quotedText startQuote="“">and</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>authorised automated vehicles;</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content><mod>at the end insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection eId="d25e10366"><num>(7)</num><content>But this section does not authorise entry onto domestic premises in respect of a vehicle to which this section applies only because it is an authorised automated vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection><num>(8)</num><content>In subsection <ref href="#d25e10366">(7)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-domestic-premises">domestic premises</term>” means premises used as a private dwelling or as an appurtenance to a private dwelling.</content></subsection></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><wrapUp><mod>and in the italic heading preceding that section, for “and goods vehicles” substitute <quotedText>“, goods vehicles and automated vehicles”</quotedText>.</mod></wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-92-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In section 69 (power to prohibit driving)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-92-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>in subsection (1), after paragraph (c) insert <quotedText startQuote="“">, or</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>in the case of an authorised automated vehicle, by means of one or more of its authorised automation features.</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>in subsection (2), after paragraph (c) insert <quotedText startQuote="“">, or</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>in the case of an authorised automated vehicle, by means of one or more of its authorised automation features.</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content><mod>at the end insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(10)</num><content>This section, as it applies in respect of an authorised automated vehicle, is to be read as if any failure to comply with authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations were a defect.</content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-92-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Road Traffic Act 1988 is amended as follows.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-92-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In section 67 (testing of condition of vehicle on roads)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-92-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>after subsection (1) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(1A)</num><content>An authorised examiner may test an authorised automated vehicle on a road for the purpose of ascertaining whether authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations are being complied with as respects the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection><num>(1B)</num><intro>In the sections from this section to section 73 as they apply in relation to an authorised automated vehicle—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>references to the driver include any person in charge of the vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>references to driving the vehicle include operating it in any other way.</content></level></subsection></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in subsection (3B)—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-92-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>omit the “and” after paragraph (b);</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-92-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><mod>after paragraph (c) insert <quotedText startQuote="“">, and</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>authorised automated vehicles.</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content><mod>after subsection (8) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(8A)</num><content>Subsection (8), as it applies in respect of an authorised automated vehicle, is to be read as if any failure to comply with authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations were a defect.</content></subsection></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content><mod>at the end insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(11)</num><content>For the purposes of the sections from this section to section 73, inspecting a vehicle includes examining any electronic information stored on, or accessible from, equipment of the vehicle.</content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></content></level></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" class="para1" eId="section-92-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>after subsection (1) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(1A)</num><content>An authorised examiner may test an authorised automated vehicle on a road for the purpose of ascertaining whether authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations are being complied with as respects the vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection><num>(1B)</num><intro>In the sections from this section to section 73 as they apply in relation to an authorised automated vehicle—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>references to the driver include any person in charge of the vehicle, and</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>references to driving the vehicle include operating it in any other way.</content></level></subsection></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" class="para1" eId="section-92-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in subsection (3B)—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-92-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>omit the “and” after paragraph (b);</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-92-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><mod>after paragraph (c) insert <quotedText startQuote="“">, and</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>authorised automated vehicles.</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-92-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>In section 68 (general power of examiners to inspect goods vehicles and passenger vehicles)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-92-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>in the heading, for “and goods vehicles” substitute <quotedText>“, goods vehicles and authorised automated vehicles”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-3-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in subsection (6)—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-92-3-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>omit the “and” after paragraph (b);</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-92-3-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><mod>after paragraph (c) insert <quotedText startQuote="“">and</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>authorised automated vehicles;</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content><mod>at the end insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection eId="d25e10366"><num>(7)</num><content>But this section does not authorise entry onto domestic premises in respect of a vehicle to which this section applies only because it is an authorised automated vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection><num>(8)</num><content>In subsection <ref href="#d25e10366">(7)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-domestic-premises">domestic premises</term>” means premises used as a private dwelling or as an appurtenance to a private dwelling.</content></subsection></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><wrapUp><mod>and in the italic heading preceding that section, for “and goods vehicles” substitute <quotedText>“, goods vehicles and automated vehicles”</quotedText>.</mod></wrapUp></subsection>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" class="para1" eId="section-92-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>in the heading, for “and goods vehicles” substitute <quotedText>“, goods vehicles and authorised automated vehicles”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" class="para1" eId="section-92-3-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in subsection (6)—</intro><level class="para2" eId="section-92-3-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>omit the “and” after paragraph (b);</content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-92-3-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><mod>after paragraph (c) insert <quotedText startQuote="“">and</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>authorised automated vehicles;</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level></level>

<level xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" class="para1" eId="section-92-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content><mod>at the end insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection eId="d25e10366"><num>(7)</num><content>But this section does not authorise entry onto domestic premises in respect of a vehicle to which this section applies only because it is an authorised automated vehicle.</content></subsection><subsection><num>(8)</num><content>In subsection <ref href="#d25e10366">(7)</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-domestic-premises">domestic premises</term>” means premises used as a private dwelling or as an appurtenance to a private dwelling.</content></subsection></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" eId="section-92-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In section 69 (power to prohibit driving)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-92-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>in subsection (1), after paragraph (c) insert <quotedText startQuote="“">, or</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>in the case of an authorised automated vehicle, by means of one or more of its authorised automation features.</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>in subsection (2), after paragraph (c) insert <quotedText startQuote="“">, or</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>in the case of an authorised automated vehicle, by means of one or more of its authorised automation features.</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-92-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content><mod>at the end insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(10)</num><content>This section, as it applies in respect of an authorised automated vehicle, is to be read as if any failure to comply with authorisation requirements or operator licensing regulations were a defect.</content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-93"><num>93</num><heading>Provision of information about traffic regulation measures</heading><subsection eId="section-93-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision requiring a traffic regulation authority to provide prescribed information about a relevant traffic regulation measure for an area in England.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-93-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Welsh Ministers may by regulations make provision requiring a traffic regulation authority to provide prescribed information about a relevant traffic regulation measure for an area in Wales.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-93-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-traffic-regulation-authority" eId="term-traffic-regulation-authority">traffic regulation authority</term>” means a person who has the power to make a traffic regulation measure;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-traffic-regulation-measure" eId="term-traffic-regulation-measure">traffic regulation measure</term>” means an order or notice under any of the following provisions of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>section 1 (traffic regulation orders),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>section 6 (orders regulating traffic in Greater London),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>section 9 (experimental traffic orders),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>section 14 (temporary orders and notices),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(e)</num><content>section 16A (special events), or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(f)</num><content>section 84 (speed limits).</content></level></hcontainer></subsection><subsection eId="section-93-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, a traffic regulation measure is a “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-traffic-regulation-measure" eId="term-relevant-traffic-regulation-measure">relevant traffic regulation measure</term>”, in relation to a traffic regulation authority, if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-93-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>is made by that authority, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-93-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>otherwise has effect in the area for which that authority has the power to make a traffic regulation measure of that type.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-93-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Regulations under this section may be made only if the person making them considers that the provision of information in accordance with the regulations will help to enable information about the effects of traffic regulation measures to be communicated to or acted upon by—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-93-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>authorised automated vehicles, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-93-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>electronic equipment designed to undertake or facilitate the driving of other vehicles on roads.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-93-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In relation to regulations under this section that amend previous regulations under this section (see section 14 of the Interpretation Act 1978), subsection <ref href="#section-93-5">(5)</ref> applies as if the second reference to regulations were a reference to the previous regulations as they would be amended by the new regulations.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-93-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>Regulations under this section must make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-93-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>to whom the information is to be provided,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-93-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>when it is to be provided, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-93-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the manner and form in which it is to be provided.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-93-8"><num>(8)</num><content>Provision made under <ref href="#section-93-7">subsection (7)</ref><ref href="#section-93-7-c">(c)</ref> may, in particular, provide that information is to be provided in accordance with a specified model, standard or set of specifications as it exists from time to time.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-93-9"><num>(9)</num><content>Regulations under this section may apply in respect of traffic regulation measures made before the regulations come into force (including those made before this Act is passed).</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-93-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision requiring a traffic regulation authority to provide prescribed information about a relevant traffic regulation measure for an area in England.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-93-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Welsh Ministers may by regulations make provision requiring a traffic regulation authority to provide prescribed information about a relevant traffic regulation measure for an area in Wales.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-93-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>In this section—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-traffic-regulation-authority" eId="term-traffic-regulation-authority">traffic regulation authority</term>” means a person who has the power to make a traffic regulation measure;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-traffic-regulation-measure" eId="term-traffic-regulation-measure">traffic regulation measure</term>” means an order or notice under any of the following provisions of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>section 1 (traffic regulation orders),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>section 6 (orders regulating traffic in Greater London),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>section 9 (experimental traffic orders),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>section 14 (temporary orders and notices),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(e)</num><content>section 16A (special events), or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(f)</num><content>section 84 (speed limits).</content></level></hcontainer></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-93-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>For the purposes of this section, a traffic regulation measure is a “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-traffic-regulation-measure" eId="term-relevant-traffic-regulation-measure">relevant traffic regulation measure</term>”, in relation to a traffic regulation authority, if it—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-93-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>is made by that authority, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-93-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>otherwise has effect in the area for which that authority has the power to make a traffic regulation measure of that type.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-93-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Regulations under this section may be made only if the person making them considers that the provision of information in accordance with the regulations will help to enable information about the effects of traffic regulation measures to be communicated to or acted upon by—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-93-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>authorised automated vehicles, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-93-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>electronic equipment designed to undertake or facilitate the driving of other vehicles on roads.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-93-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In relation to regulations under this section that amend previous regulations under this section (see section 14 of the Interpretation Act 1978), subsection <ref href="#section-93-5">(5)</ref> applies as if the second reference to regulations were a reference to the previous regulations as they would be amended by the new regulations.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-93-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>Regulations under this section must make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-93-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>to whom the information is to be provided,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-93-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>when it is to be provided, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-93-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>the manner and form in which it is to be provided.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-93-8"><num>(8)</num><content>Provision made under <ref href="#section-93-7">subsection (7)</ref><ref href="#section-93-7-c">(c)</ref> may, in particular, provide that information is to be provided in accordance with a specified model, standard or set of specifications as it exists from time to time.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-93-9"><num>(9)</num><content>Regulations under this section may apply in respect of traffic regulation measures made before the regulations come into force (including those made before this Act is passed).</content></subsection>

<part xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="part-7"><num>Part 7</num><heading>General provision</heading><section eId="section-94"><num>94</num><heading>General definitions</heading><intro>In this Act—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automated-vehicle" eId="term-authorised-automated-vehicle">authorised automated vehicle</term>” means a vehicle authorised under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-enactment" eId="term-enactment">enactment</term>” includes an enactment comprised in—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>an Act of the Scottish Parliament,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>an Act or Measure of Senedd Cymru,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>subordinate legislation within the meaning of the Interpretation Act 1978 (see section 21(1) of that Act), or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>any instrument corresponding to such legislation made under an Act of the Scottish Parliament or an Act or Measure of Senedd Cymru;</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-information" eId="term-information">information</term>” includes recorded images or sounds;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-road" eId="term-road">road</term>” has the same meaning as in the Road Traffic Act 1988 (see section 192(1) of that Act);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-road-vehicle" eId="term-road-vehicle">road vehicle</term>” means a mechanically propelled vehicle intended or adapted for use on roads.</content></hcontainer></section><section eId="section-95"><num>95</num><heading>Disclosure of information: interaction with external constraints</heading><subsection eId="section-95-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies in relation to any provision for the disclosure, obtaining or use of information made by or under this Act.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-95-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The provision does not require or authorise any disclosure, obtaining or use of information that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-95-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>contravenes the data protection legislation, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-95-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>is prohibited by any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-95-3"><num>(3)</num><content>But the provision is to be taken into account in determining whether the disclosure, obtaining or use of information would contravene the data protection legislation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-95-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The disclosure of information in accordance with the provision (as read subject to subsection <ref href="#section-95-2">(2)</ref>) does not breach—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-95-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>any obligation of confidence owed by the person making the disclosure, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-95-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any other restriction on the disclosure of information (however imposed).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-95-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The provision does not require or authorise the disclosure or obtaining of information in respect of which a claim to legal professional privilege could be maintained in legal proceedings without the agreement of the person entitled to maintain that claim.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-95-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In the application of subsection <ref href="#section-95-5">(5)</ref> in Scotland, the reference to legal professional privilege is to be read as a reference to confidentiality of communications.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-95-7"><num>(7)</num><content>In this section “<term refersTo="#term-the-data-protection-legislation" eId="term-the-data-protection-legislation">the data protection legislation</term>” has the same meaning as in the Data Protection Act 2018 (see section 3 of that Act).</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-96"><num>96</num><heading>Crown application</heading><subsection eId="section-96-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The following provisions bind the Crown (but not so as to make the Crown itself, as opposed to persons in the service of the Crown, criminally liable)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-96-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>section <ref href="#section-42">42</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-96-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>section <ref href="#section-73">73</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-96-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>section <ref href="#section-88">88</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-96-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The following provisions apply to vehicles and persons in the public service of the Crown—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-96-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><ref href="#part-2-chapter-1">Chapter 1</ref> of <ref href="#part-2">Part 2</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-96-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content><ref href="#part-3-chapter-1">Chapter 1</ref> of <ref href="#part-3">Part 3</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-96-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may by regulations provide for <ref href="#part-3-chapter-2">Chapter 2</ref> of <ref href="#part-3">Part 3</ref> to bind the Crown in a manner described in the regulations.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-97"><num>97</num><heading>Regulations</heading><subsection eId="section-97-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies to regulations under this Act (except those under section <ref href="#section-99">99</ref>).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-97-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Before making regulations, the person proposing to make them must consult with such representative organisations as that person thinks fit.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-97-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Regulations made by the Secretary of State or the Welsh Ministers are to be made by statutory instrument (and see section 27 of the Interpretation and Legislative Reform (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00017" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2010/10">2010 (asp 10)</ref> in relation to regulations made by the Scottish Ministers).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-97-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Regulations may make—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-97-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>consequential, supplementary, incidental, transitional or saving provision;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>different provision for different purposes or areas;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>provision that allows for the exercise of discretion.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-97-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The following regulations are subject to the affirmative procedure—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-97-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>regulations under section <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-9">(9)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>regulations under section <ref href="#section-50">50</ref> that amend an Act, an Act of the Scottish Parliament or an Act of Senedd Cymru, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>regulations under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2">2</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-7">(7)</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-6">Schedule 6</ref>;</content></level><wrapUp>and all other regulations are subject to the negative procedure.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-97-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The effect of regulations being subject to the affirmative procedure is—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-97-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Secretary of State, that the statutory instrument containing the regulations may not be made unless a draft of it has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Welsh Ministers, that the statutory instrument containing the regulations may not be made unless a draft of it has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, Senedd Cymru;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Scottish Ministers, the effect provided by section 29 of the Interpretation and Legislative Reform (Scotland) Act 2010.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-97-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>The effect of regulations being subject to the negative procedure is—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-97-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Secretary of State, that the statutory instrument containing the regulations is (unless it also contains regulations subject to the affirmative procedure) subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Welsh Ministers, that the statutory instrument containing the regulations is (unless it also contains regulations subject to the affirmative procedure) subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of Senedd Cymru;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Scottish Ministers, the effect provided by section 28 of the Interpretation and Legislative Reform (Scotland) Act 2010.</content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-98"><num>98</num><heading>Extent</heading><subsection eId="section-98-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This Act extends to England and Wales and Scotland, except as provided below.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-98-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Sections <ref href="#section-54">54</ref><ref href="#section-54-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-93">93</ref> extend only to England and Wales.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-98-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An amendment made by <ref href="#schedule-2">Schedule 2</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-3">3</ref> has the same extent as the provision amended (and sections <ref href="#section-53">53</ref><ref href="#section-53-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#section-54">54</ref><ref href="#section-54-4">(4)</ref> accordingly extend to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-98-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-2">2</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-5">Schedule 5</ref> extends to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland (and accordingly so does section <ref href="#section-81">81</ref><ref href="#section-81-4">(4)</ref>).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-98-5"><num>(5)</num><content>This Part extends to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-99"><num>99</num><heading>Commencement and transitional provision</heading><subsection eId="section-99-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The preceding Parts come into force on a day appointed by regulations made by the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-99-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Different days may be appointed for different purposes or areas.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-99-3"><num>(3)</num><content>This Part comes into force on the day on which this Act is passed.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-99-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State may by regulations make transitional or saving provision in connection with the coming into force of any provision of this Act.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-99-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The power to make regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-99-4">(4)</ref> includes power to make different provision for different purposes or areas.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-99-6"><num>(6)</num><content>Regulations under this section are to be made by statutory instrument.</content></subsection></section><section eId="section-100"><num>100</num><heading>Short title</heading><content>This Act may be cited as the Automated Vehicles Act 2024.</content></section></part>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-94"><num>94</num><heading>General definitions</heading><intro>In this Act—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automated-vehicle" eId="term-authorised-automated-vehicle">authorised automated vehicle</term>” means a vehicle authorised under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref>;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-enactment" eId="term-enactment">enactment</term>” includes an enactment comprised in—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>an Act of the Scottish Parliament,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>an Act or Measure of Senedd Cymru,</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content>subordinate legislation within the meaning of the Interpretation Act 1978 (see section 21(1) of that Act), or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>any instrument corresponding to such legislation made under an Act of the Scottish Parliament or an Act or Measure of Senedd Cymru;</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-information" eId="term-information">information</term>” includes recorded images or sounds;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-road" eId="term-road">road</term>” has the same meaning as in the Road Traffic Act 1988 (see section 192(1) of that Act);</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-road-vehicle" eId="term-road-vehicle">road vehicle</term>” means a mechanically propelled vehicle intended or adapted for use on roads.</content></hcontainer></section>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-95"><num>95</num><heading>Disclosure of information: interaction with external constraints</heading><subsection eId="section-95-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies in relation to any provision for the disclosure, obtaining or use of information made by or under this Act.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-95-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The provision does not require or authorise any disclosure, obtaining or use of information that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-95-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>contravenes the data protection legislation, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-95-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>is prohibited by any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-95-3"><num>(3)</num><content>But the provision is to be taken into account in determining whether the disclosure, obtaining or use of information would contravene the data protection legislation.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-95-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The disclosure of information in accordance with the provision (as read subject to subsection <ref href="#section-95-2">(2)</ref>) does not breach—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-95-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>any obligation of confidence owed by the person making the disclosure, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-95-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any other restriction on the disclosure of information (however imposed).</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-95-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The provision does not require or authorise the disclosure or obtaining of information in respect of which a claim to legal professional privilege could be maintained in legal proceedings without the agreement of the person entitled to maintain that claim.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-95-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In the application of subsection <ref href="#section-95-5">(5)</ref> in Scotland, the reference to legal professional privilege is to be read as a reference to confidentiality of communications.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-95-7"><num>(7)</num><content>In this section “<term refersTo="#term-the-data-protection-legislation" eId="term-the-data-protection-legislation">the data protection legislation</term>” has the same meaning as in the Data Protection Act 2018 (see section 3 of that Act).</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-95-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies in relation to any provision for the disclosure, obtaining or use of information made by or under this Act.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-95-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The provision does not require or authorise any disclosure, obtaining or use of information that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-95-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>contravenes the data protection legislation, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-95-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>is prohibited by any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-95-3"><num>(3)</num><content>But the provision is to be taken into account in determining whether the disclosure, obtaining or use of information would contravene the data protection legislation.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-95-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The disclosure of information in accordance with the provision (as read subject to subsection <ref href="#section-95-2">(2)</ref>) does not breach—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-95-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>any obligation of confidence owed by the person making the disclosure, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-95-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any other restriction on the disclosure of information (however imposed).</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-95-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The provision does not require or authorise the disclosure or obtaining of information in respect of which a claim to legal professional privilege could be maintained in legal proceedings without the agreement of the person entitled to maintain that claim.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-95-6"><num>(6)</num><content>In the application of subsection <ref href="#section-95-5">(5)</ref> in Scotland, the reference to legal professional privilege is to be read as a reference to confidentiality of communications.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-95-7"><num>(7)</num><content>In this section “<term refersTo="#term-the-data-protection-legislation" eId="term-the-data-protection-legislation">the data protection legislation</term>” has the same meaning as in the Data Protection Act 2018 (see section 3 of that Act).</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-96"><num>96</num><heading>Crown application</heading><subsection eId="section-96-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The following provisions bind the Crown (but not so as to make the Crown itself, as opposed to persons in the service of the Crown, criminally liable)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-96-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>section <ref href="#section-42">42</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-96-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>section <ref href="#section-73">73</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-96-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>section <ref href="#section-88">88</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-96-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The following provisions apply to vehicles and persons in the public service of the Crown—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-96-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><ref href="#part-2-chapter-1">Chapter 1</ref> of <ref href="#part-2">Part 2</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-96-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content><ref href="#part-3-chapter-1">Chapter 1</ref> of <ref href="#part-3">Part 3</ref>.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-96-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may by regulations provide for <ref href="#part-3-chapter-2">Chapter 2</ref> of <ref href="#part-3">Part 3</ref> to bind the Crown in a manner described in the regulations.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-96-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The following provisions bind the Crown (but not so as to make the Crown itself, as opposed to persons in the service of the Crown, criminally liable)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-96-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>section <ref href="#section-42">42</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-96-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>section <ref href="#section-73">73</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-96-1-c"><num>(c)</num><content>section <ref href="#section-88">88</ref>.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-96-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The following provisions apply to vehicles and persons in the public service of the Crown—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-96-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><ref href="#part-2-chapter-1">Chapter 1</ref> of <ref href="#part-2">Part 2</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-96-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content><ref href="#part-3-chapter-1">Chapter 1</ref> of <ref href="#part-3">Part 3</ref>.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-96-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may by regulations provide for <ref href="#part-3-chapter-2">Chapter 2</ref> of <ref href="#part-3">Part 3</ref> to bind the Crown in a manner described in the regulations.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-97"><num>97</num><heading>Regulations</heading><subsection eId="section-97-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies to regulations under this Act (except those under section <ref href="#section-99">99</ref>).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-97-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Before making regulations, the person proposing to make them must consult with such representative organisations as that person thinks fit.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-97-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Regulations made by the Secretary of State or the Welsh Ministers are to be made by statutory instrument (and see section 27 of the Interpretation and Legislative Reform (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00017" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2010/10">2010 (asp 10)</ref> in relation to regulations made by the Scottish Ministers).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-97-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Regulations may make—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-97-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>consequential, supplementary, incidental, transitional or saving provision;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>different provision for different purposes or areas;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>provision that allows for the exercise of discretion.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-97-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The following regulations are subject to the affirmative procedure—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-97-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>regulations under section <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-9">(9)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>regulations under section <ref href="#section-50">50</ref> that amend an Act, an Act of the Scottish Parliament or an Act of Senedd Cymru, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>regulations under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2">2</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-7">(7)</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-6">Schedule 6</ref>;</content></level><wrapUp>and all other regulations are subject to the negative procedure.</wrapUp></subsection><subsection eId="section-97-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The effect of regulations being subject to the affirmative procedure is—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-97-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Secretary of State, that the statutory instrument containing the regulations may not be made unless a draft of it has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Welsh Ministers, that the statutory instrument containing the regulations may not be made unless a draft of it has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, Senedd Cymru;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Scottish Ministers, the effect provided by section 29 of the Interpretation and Legislative Reform (Scotland) Act 2010.</content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-97-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>The effect of regulations being subject to the negative procedure is—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-97-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Secretary of State, that the statutory instrument containing the regulations is (unless it also contains regulations subject to the affirmative procedure) subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Welsh Ministers, that the statutory instrument containing the regulations is (unless it also contains regulations subject to the affirmative procedure) subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of Senedd Cymru;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Scottish Ministers, the effect provided by section 28 of the Interpretation and Legislative Reform (Scotland) Act 2010.</content></level></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-97-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This section applies to regulations under this Act (except those under section <ref href="#section-99">99</ref>).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-97-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Before making regulations, the person proposing to make them must consult with such representative organisations as that person thinks fit.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-97-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Regulations made by the Secretary of State or the Welsh Ministers are to be made by statutory instrument (and see section 27 of the Interpretation and Legislative Reform (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00017" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asp/2010/10">2010 (asp 10)</ref> in relation to regulations made by the Scottish Ministers).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-97-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>Regulations may make—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-97-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>consequential, supplementary, incidental, transitional or saving provision;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>different provision for different purposes or areas;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>provision that allows for the exercise of discretion.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-97-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The following regulations are subject to the affirmative procedure—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-97-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>regulations under section <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-9">(9)</ref>,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>regulations under section <ref href="#section-50">50</ref> that amend an Act, an Act of the Scottish Parliament or an Act of Senedd Cymru, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>regulations under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2">2</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-7">(7)</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-6">Schedule 6</ref>;</content></level><wrapUp>and all other regulations are subject to the negative procedure.</wrapUp></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-97-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The effect of regulations being subject to the affirmative procedure is—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-97-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Secretary of State, that the statutory instrument containing the regulations may not be made unless a draft of it has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Welsh Ministers, that the statutory instrument containing the regulations may not be made unless a draft of it has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, Senedd Cymru;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-6-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Scottish Ministers, the effect provided by section 29 of the Interpretation and Legislative Reform (Scotland) Act 2010.</content></level></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-97-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>The effect of regulations being subject to the negative procedure is—</intro><level class="para1" eId="section-97-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Secretary of State, that the statutory instrument containing the regulations is (unless it also contains regulations subject to the affirmative procedure) subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Welsh Ministers, that the statutory instrument containing the regulations is (unless it also contains regulations subject to the affirmative procedure) subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of Senedd Cymru;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-97-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of regulations made by the Scottish Ministers, the effect provided by section 28 of the Interpretation and Legislative Reform (Scotland) Act 2010.</content></level></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-98"><num>98</num><heading>Extent</heading><subsection eId="section-98-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This Act extends to England and Wales and Scotland, except as provided below.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-98-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Sections <ref href="#section-54">54</ref><ref href="#section-54-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-93">93</ref> extend only to England and Wales.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-98-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An amendment made by <ref href="#schedule-2">Schedule 2</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-3">3</ref> has the same extent as the provision amended (and sections <ref href="#section-53">53</ref><ref href="#section-53-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#section-54">54</ref><ref href="#section-54-4">(4)</ref> accordingly extend to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-98-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-2">2</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-5">Schedule 5</ref> extends to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland (and accordingly so does section <ref href="#section-81">81</ref><ref href="#section-81-4">(4)</ref>).</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-98-5"><num>(5)</num><content>This Part extends to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-98-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This Act extends to England and Wales and Scotland, except as provided below.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-98-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Sections <ref href="#section-54">54</ref><ref href="#section-54-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#section-93">93</ref> extend only to England and Wales.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-98-3"><num>(3)</num><content>An amendment made by <ref href="#schedule-2">Schedule 2</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-3">3</ref> has the same extent as the provision amended (and sections <ref href="#section-53">53</ref><ref href="#section-53-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#section-54">54</ref><ref href="#section-54-4">(4)</ref> accordingly extend to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-98-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-2">2</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-5">Schedule 5</ref> extends to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland (and accordingly so does section <ref href="#section-81">81</ref><ref href="#section-81-4">(4)</ref>).</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-98-5"><num>(5)</num><content>This Part extends to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-99"><num>99</num><heading>Commencement and transitional provision</heading><subsection eId="section-99-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The preceding Parts come into force on a day appointed by regulations made by the Secretary of State.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-99-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Different days may be appointed for different purposes or areas.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-99-3"><num>(3)</num><content>This Part comes into force on the day on which this Act is passed.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-99-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State may by regulations make transitional or saving provision in connection with the coming into force of any provision of this Act.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-99-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The power to make regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-99-4">(4)</ref> includes power to make different provision for different purposes or areas.</content></subsection><subsection eId="section-99-6"><num>(6)</num><content>Regulations under this section are to be made by statutory instrument.</content></subsection></section>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-99-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The preceding Parts come into force on a day appointed by regulations made by the Secretary of State.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-99-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Different days may be appointed for different purposes or areas.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-99-3"><num>(3)</num><content>This Part comes into force on the day on which this Act is passed.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-99-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State may by regulations make transitional or saving provision in connection with the coming into force of any provision of this Act.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-99-5"><num>(5)</num><content>The power to make regulations under subsection <ref href="#section-99-4">(4)</ref> includes power to make different provision for different purposes or areas.</content></subsection>

<subsection xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-99-6"><num>(6)</num><content>Regulations under this section are to be made by statutory instrument.</content></subsection>

<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-100"><num>100</num><heading>Short title</heading><content>This Act may be cited as the Automated Vehicles Act 2024.</content></section>

<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:default="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" name="schedules" eId="schedules"><heading>Schedules</heading><hcontainer name="schedule" eId="schedule-1"><num>Schedule 1<authorialNote class="referenceNote">Sections 8(7) and 37(3)</authorialNote></num><heading>Enforcement action under <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>: procedure</heading><part eId="schedule-1-part-1"><num>Part 1</num><heading>Unilateral variation, suspension or withdrawal of authorisation</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11131"><heading>Ordinary procedure</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Before varying, suspending or withdrawing an automated vehicle authorisation under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref>, the Secretary of State must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>issue to the authorised self-driving entity a notice under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-2">(2)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>consider any representations made by the authorised self-driving entity in response to (and in accordance with) that notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A notice under this sub-paragraph is a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the Secretary of State’s intention to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explains the Secretary of State’s reasons for intending to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>specifies the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-4">(4)</ref> applies if, having complied with sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-1">(1)</ref>, the Secretary of State decides to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-1-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The Secretary of State must, in, or in a document issued together with, the notice by which the variation, suspension or withdrawal takes effect, explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for the decision.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11210"><heading>Procedure for urgent suspension or temporary variation</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If the Secretary of State considers that the need to suspend an automated vehicle authorisation under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref> is too urgent for the procedure in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> to be followed, that paragraph does not apply and sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2-2">(2)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2-3">(3)</ref> apply instead.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in, or in a document issued together with, the notice by which the suspension takes effect—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>explain the Secretary of State’s reasons for suspending the authorisation, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made, and</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>as soon as reasonably practicable after suspending the authorisation—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>consider any representations made by the authorised self-driving entity in response to (and in accordance with) that notice, and</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>decide whether to lift the suspension.</content></level></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If, having complied with sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1-2">(2)</ref>, the Secretary of State decides not to lift the suspension, the Secretary of State must issue to the authorised self-driving entity a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the Secretary of State’s decision, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explains the Secretary of State’s reasons for the decision.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-2-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The preceding sub-paragraphs apply in relation to temporary variation as they apply in relation to suspension; and for that purpose the references to lifting the suspension are to be read as references to reversing the variation.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11310"><heading>Appeals</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-1"><num>(1)</num><content>If an automated vehicle authorisation is varied, suspended or withdrawn under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-8-3">(3)</ref>, the authorised self-driving entity may appeal to the Tribunal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The grounds on which an appeal may be brought are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in a case where the Secretary of State acted under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> in reliance on section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-8-4-a">(a)</ref>, that the failure to meet authorisation requirements did not occur;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in a case where the Secretary of State acted under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> in reliance on section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-8-4-b">(b)</ref>, that the commission of a traffic infraction did not occur;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in a case where the Secretary of State acted under section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-2">(2)</ref> in reliance on section <ref href="#section-8">8</ref><ref href="#section-8-4">(4)</ref><ref href="#section-8-4-c">(c)</ref>, that the Secretary of State’s conclusion was based on a mistaken finding of fact;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>that the decision to vary, suspend or withdraw the authorisation was unreasonable;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>that the Secretary of State failed to comply with paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2">2</ref>, or made some other procedural error, in respect of the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If satisfied that any of those grounds is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>direct that the variation, suspension or withdrawal be undone, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>remit the matter to the Secretary of State with a direction that the Secretary of State consider, in accordance with the findings of the Tribunal and by such time as the Tribunal specifies, whether to undo the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Otherwise, the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-6">(6)</ref> applies if—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a direction is made under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-b">(b)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the specified time, the Secretary of State has not undone the variation, suspension or withdrawal.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The authorised self-driving entity may on application re-open the appeal on any of the original grounds further to which the direction under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3-b">(b)</ref> was made; and sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-4">(4)</ref> apply again in relation to the grounds on which the appeal is re-opened.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>In this paragraph—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>references to the undoing of a variation, suspension or withdrawal refer—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>in the case of variation, to the reversal of the variation,</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>in the case of suspension, to the lifting of the suspension, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-a-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content>in the case of withdrawal, to the restoration of the withdrawn authorisation;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>references to the authorised self-driving entity include, in the case of a withdrawn authorisation, the person who was the authorised self-driving entity immediately before the withdrawal;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-7-c"><num>(c)</num><content>“<term refersTo="#term-the-tribunal" eId="term-the-tribunal">the Tribunal</term>” means the First-tier Tribunal, subject to sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-8">(8)</ref>.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-3-8"><num>(8)</num><content>Tribunal Procedure Rules may provide for an appeal under this paragraph to be made to the Upper Tribunal instead of the First-tier Tribunal; and if that is done references to “the Tribunal” are to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11531"><heading>Backstop procedure for cases where authorised self-driving entity defunct</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-2">(2)</ref> applies if the Secretary of State is satisfied, in relation to an authorised automated vehicle, that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>there is no longer an authorised self-driving entity, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the authorised self-driving entity is no longer capable of being issued with a notice under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2">2</ref>.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may suspend or withdraw the automated vehicle authorisation in question without the agreement of the authorised self-driving entity and without complying with paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-1">1</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-2">2</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>Section <ref href="#section-9">9</ref><ref href="#section-9-6">(6)</ref> does not apply to a suspension or withdrawal in reliance on this paragraph, which instead takes effect—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>when notice of it is published by the Secretary of State, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>at such later time as is specified in the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-4"><num>(4)</num><content>If an automated vehicle authorisation is suspended or withdrawn in reliance on this paragraph, the authorised self-driving entity may appeal to the Tribunal on the ground that the Secretary of State was wrong to be satisfied as described in sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-1">(1)</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-5"><num>(5)</num><content>If satisfied that that ground is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and direct that the suspension or withdrawal be undone; and otherwise the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-4-6"><num>(6)</num><content>Sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-7">(7)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3-8">(8)</ref> of paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-3">3</ref> apply in relation to sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-4">(4)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-4-5">(5)</ref> of this paragraph as they apply in relation to that paragraph.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer></part><part eId="schedule-1-part-2"><num>Part 2</num><heading>Civil sanctions</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11642"><heading>Notices of intent</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5" class="schProv1"><num>5</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Before issuing a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice (“the principal notice”) to a regulated body, the Secretary of State must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>issue to the body a notice of intent, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>consider any representations made by the body in response to (and in accordance with) that notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A notice of intent is a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the Secretary of State’s intention to issue the principal notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>sets out the intended terms of that notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>explains the Secretary of State’s reasons for intending to issue that notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>specifies the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A notice of intent may also—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>state the Secretary of State’s intention to issue a costs notice in connection with the principal notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-5-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>give a general indication of the nature of the costs that the Secretary of State is likely to seek to recover by way of the costs notice.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11716"><heading>Costs</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6" class="schProv1"><num>6</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the Secretary of State issues a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice (“the principal notice”) to a regulated body, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the notice of intent that preceded the principal notice included the contents set out in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-5">5</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-5-3">(3)</ref>,</content></level><wrapUp>the Secretary of State may also issue a costs notice to that body.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A costs notice is a notice requiring the regulated body to pay a sum specified in the notice to the Secretary of State.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-3"><num>(3)</num><content>That sum must be no greater than the total of the costs reasonably incurred by the Secretary of State in connection with the principal notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The costs that may be taken into account for that purpose include—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>costs of investigating the matters to which the principal notice relates,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>administrative costs, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>costs of obtaining expert advice (including legal advice).</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A costs notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>particularise the costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explain (if it is not otherwise apparent) how those costs have been calculated, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the sum must be paid.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>If a sum payable under a costs notice is not paid in time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the sum (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the Secretary of State may recover the sum (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-6-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The cancellation of a compliance notice, redress notice, or monetary penalty notice has the effect of cancelling any costs notice issued in connection with it.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e11833"><heading>Appeals</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7" class="schProv1"><num>7</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A person to whom a compliance notice, redress notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice is issued may appeal to the Tribunal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The grounds on which an appeal may be brought are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in the case of a compliance notice or redress notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the failure to meet requirements, or commission of a traffic infraction, on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the actions specified in the notice, or the time or period specified for taking them, are unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in the case of a monetary penalty notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the failure to meet requirements, or commission of a traffic infraction, on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the sum or amount specified in the notice, or the time or manner specified for paying it, is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in the case of a compliance notice, redress notice or monetary penalty notice issued under section <ref href="#section-34">34</ref><ref href="#section-34-2">(2)</ref>, <ref href="#section-35">35</ref><ref href="#section-35-2">(2)</ref> or <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-2">(2)</ref>, that the commission of a traffic infraction on the grounds of which the notice was issued was caused as described in section <ref href="#section-34">34</ref><ref href="#section-34-3">(3)</ref>, <ref href="#section-35">35</ref><ref href="#section-35-3">(3)</ref> or <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-3">(3)</ref>;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d"><num>(d)</num><intro>in the case of a costs notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice were not reasonably incurred as described in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-6">6</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-6-3">(3)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the time or manner specified for payment is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content>that the Secretary of State failed to comply with a requirement of paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-5">5</ref>, or made some other procedural error, in respect of the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If satisfied that any of those grounds is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and do whichever of the following it considers appropriate—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>remit the matter to the Secretary of State with a direction that the Secretary of State consider, in accordance with the findings of the Tribunal and by such time as the Tribunal specifies, whether to cancel or vary the notice under section <ref href="#section-37">37</ref><ref href="#section-37-2">(2)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if the appeal is allowed on a ground in sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2">(2)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b">(b)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-b-ii">(ii)</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2-d">(d)</ref>, vary the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Otherwise, the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-6">(6)</ref> applies if a direction is made under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-b">(b)</ref> and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the Secretary of State varies the notice further to the direction, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the specified time, the Secretary of State has neither varied nor cancelled the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The person who appealed against the notice may on application re-open the appeal—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on any of the original grounds further to which the direction under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3">(3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3-b">(b)</ref> was made, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a variation, on any further ground within sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-2">(2)</ref> that arises from the variation;</content></level><wrapUp>and sub-paragraphs <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-3">(3)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-4">(4)</ref> apply again in relation to the grounds on which the appeal is re-opened.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The Tribunal (or any court on a further appeal) may make an interim order suspending the effect of a notice appealed against under this paragraph.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-8"><num>(8)</num><content>If a monetary penalty notice includes provision under section <ref href="#section-36">36</ref><ref href="#section-36-6">(6)</ref>, either the Secretary of State or the person to whom the notice is issued may apply to the Tribunal for a determination of whether an additional sum has become payable under that provision in respect of a particular day.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-9"><num>(9)</num><content>In this paragraph, “<term refersTo="#term-the-tribunal" eId="term-the-tribunal">the Tribunal</term>” means the First-tier Tribunal, subject to sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7-10">(10)</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-7-10"><num>(10)</num><content>Tribunal Procedure Rules may provide for an appeal or application under this paragraph to be made to the Upper Tribunal instead of the First-tier Tribunal; and if that is done references to “the Tribunal” are to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12098"><heading>Assignment of functions to traffic commissioners</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8" class="schProv1"><num>8</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, provide for the powers of the Secretary of State under section <ref href="#section-34">34</ref>, <ref href="#section-35">35</ref> or <ref href="#section-36">36</ref> or paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-6">6</ref> to be exercisable by a traffic commissioner instead of, or in addition to, the Secretary of State.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-2"><num>(2)</num><content>In relation to the exercise of power by a traffic commissioner further to such regulations, references in this Part of this Act (other than section <ref href="#section-43">43</ref><ref href="#section-43-1">(1)</ref>) to the Secretary of State are to be read as including a traffic commissioner.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State may, by regulations, provide for a procedure whereby a compliance notice, redress notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice issued by the Secretary of State may be reviewed by a traffic commissioner on application by the person against whom it is issued.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-4"><num>(4)</num><content>In a case in which such regulations have effect, the right of appeal conferred by paragraph <ref href="#schedule-1-paragraph-7">7</ref> does not arise until the exhaustion of the review procedure.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-1-paragraph-8-5"><num>(5)</num><content>Money received by a traffic commissioner as a result of regulations under this paragraph must be paid into the Consolidated Fund in such manner as the Treasury may direct.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer></part></hcontainer><hcontainer name="schedule" eId="schedule-2"><num>Schedule 2<authorialNote class="referenceNote">Section 45</authorialNote></num><heading>Amendments related to <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref></heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12167"><heading>Theft Act <ref eId="c00018" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1968/60">1968 (c. 60)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><content><mod>In section 12 of the Theft Act 1968 (taking motor vehicle or other conveyance without authority), in subsection (7), for paragraph (a) (but not the final “and”) substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-conveyance">conveyance</term>” means—</intro><level class="para2"><num>(i)</num><content>any conveyance constructed or adapted for the carriage of a person or persons whether by land, water or air, except a conveyance constructed or adapted for use only under the control of a person not carried in or on it, or</content></level><level class="para2"><num>(ii)</num><content>any vehicle authorised under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024,</content></level><wrapUp>and “drive” accordingly includes any act of putting in motion, or controlling the motion of, any such conveyance or vehicle;</wrapUp></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12208"><heading>Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act <ref eId="c00019" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1973/52">1973 (c. 52)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><content><mod>In section 18ZA of the Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act 1973 (actions under section 2 of the Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018), in subsections (1) and (4)(b), before “automated” insert <quotedText>“authorised”</quotedText>.</mod></content></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12223"><heading>Limitation Act <ref eId="c00020" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1980/58">1980 (c. 58)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><content><mod>In section 14(1B) of the Limitation Act 1980 (date of knowledge for purposes of limitation periods to do with automated vehicles), before “<term refersTo="#term-automated" eId="term-automated">automated</term>” (in both places it occurs) insert <quotedText>“authorised”</quotedText>.</mod></content></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12241"><heading>Road Traffic Act <ref eId="c00021" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/52">1988 (c. 52)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-4-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Road Traffic Act 1988 is amended as follows.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content><mod>In section 145 (requirements about insurance policies), in subsections (3A) and (4), before “<term refersTo="#term-automated" eId="term-automated">automated</term>” (in each place it occurs) insert <quotedText>“authorised”</quotedText>.</mod></content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-4-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In section 161(1) (definitions for the purposes of Part 6), omit the definition of “automated vehicle”.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-4-4"><num>(4)</num><content>In the table in section 162 (index to Part 6), omit the entry for “automated vehicle”.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-4-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>In section 192 (general interpretation)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-4-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>in subsection (1), at the appropriate place insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automated-vehicle">authorised automated vehicle</term>” means a vehicle authorised under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024;</content></hcontainer></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-4-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>after subsection (1) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(1ZA)</num><content>Section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024 applies for the purposes of the provisions of this Act relating to authorised automated vehicles as it applies for the purposes of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> of that Act.</content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-4-6"><num>(6)</num><content><mod>In the table in section 194 (index of defined terms), at the appropriate place insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>Authorised automated vehicle</default:td><default:td>Section 192</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12343"><heading>Automated and Electric Vehicles Act <ref eId="c00022" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/18">2018 (c. 18)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5" class="schProv1"><num>5</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018 is amended as follows.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Omit section 1 (list of automated vehicles).</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3"><num>(3)</num><intro><mod>In each of the following provisions, before “automated” insert <quotedText>“authorised”</quotedText>—</mod></intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in section 2, the heading and subsections (1)(a), (2)(a), (3)(a) and (c)(ii) and (4);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>section 3(2);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>in section 4, subsections (1) and (6)(a);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3-d"><num>(d)</num><content>in section 6, subsections (2)(a) and (3);</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-3-e"><num>(e)</num><content>section 8(3)(b) (in both places).</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In section 2 (liability of insurers etc)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>in subsection (1)(b), for “insured” substitute <quotedText>“being used by an insured person”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>in subsection (2)(b), for “insured” substitute <quotedText>“being used by an insured person”</quotedText>.</mod></content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>In section 7 (duty to prepare report on operation of Part 1 of the Act)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-5-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in subsection (1)—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-5-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>omit paragraph (a);</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-5-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><mod>in paragraph (b), for “vehicles that are capable of safely driving themselves” substitute <quotedText>“authorised automated vehicles”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>in subsection (2), for “publication of the list under section 1” substitute <quotedText>“authorisation is granted under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024”</quotedText>.</mod></content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>In section 8 (interpretation)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>for subsection (1) substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection eId="d25e12480"><num>(1)</num><intro>For the purposes of this Part—</intro><level class="para1" eId="d25e12486"><num>(a)</num><content>an authorised automated vehicle is “driving itself” if it is travelling while an authorised automation feature of the vehicle is engaged;</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>a person is an “<term refersTo="#term-insured-person">insured person</term>”, in relation to a vehicle, if there is in force in relation to that person’s use of the vehicle on a road or other public place in Great Britain a policy of insurance that satisfies the conditions in section 145 of the Road Traffic Act 1988.</content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(1A)</num><content>Section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-5">(5)</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024 (authorisation to determine when feature “engaged” or “disengaged”) applies for the purposes of subsection <ref href="#d25e12480">(1)</ref><ref href="#d25e12486">(a)</ref> as it applies for the purposes of <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> of that Act.</content></subsection></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in subsection (2)—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content><mod>for the definition of “automated vehicle” substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automated-vehicle">authorised automated vehicle</term>” means a vehicle authorised under section <ref href="#section-3">3</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024;</content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-authorised-automation-feature">authorised automation feature</term>” has the same meaning as in <ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024 (see section <ref href="#section-44">44</ref><ref href="#section-44-1">(1)</ref> of that Act);</content></hcontainer></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>omit the definition of “insured person”;</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-6-b-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content><mod>for the definition of “insurer” substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-insurer">insurer</term>”, in relation to an insured person, means the insurer under the policy in question;</content></hcontainer></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></level></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-2-paragraph-5-7"><num>(7)</num><content>In the Schedule, omit paragraphs 20 and 21.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer></hcontainer><hcontainer name="schedule" eId="schedule-3"><num>Schedule 3<authorialNote class="referenceNote">Sections 53(3) and 54(4)</authorialNote></num><heading>Amendments related to sections <ref href="#section-53">53</ref> and <ref href="#section-54">54</ref></heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12606"><heading>Road Traffic Act <ref eId="c00023" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/52">1988 (c. 52)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Road Traffic Act 1988 is amended as follows.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-1-2"><num>(2)</num><content><mod>In section 12E(3) (disapplication of certain enactments to authorised motor races in England and Wales), in the table, at the appropriate places under the heading for the Road Traffic Act 1988 insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:33%"/><default:col style="width:67%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>Section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref></default:td><default:td>Use of automated vehicle in dangerous state</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:33%"/><default:col style="width:67%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>Section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing death, or serious injury, by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:33%"/><default:col style="width:67%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>Section <ref href="#d25e5887">22B</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing danger to road-users resulting in automated vehicle killing or seriously injuring</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-1-3"><num>(3)</num><content><mod>In section 12H(3) (disapplication of certain enactments to authorised motor races in Scotland), for “and 3” substitute <quotedText>“, 3, <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref> and <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref>”</quotedText>.</mod></content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-1-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>In section 13A (disapplication of sections 1 to 3 of the Act to authorised motoring events)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-1-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>in the heading, after “3” insert <quotedText>“, <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref> and <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref>”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-1-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>after subsection (1) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(1A)</num><content>A person is not guilty of an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref> or <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref> by virtue of using a vehicle in a public place other than a road if the person shows that the use of the vehicle was in accordance with an authorisation for a motoring event given under regulations made by the Secretary of State.</content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></content></level></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12731"><heading>Road Traffic Offenders Act <ref eId="c00024" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/55">1988 (c. 55)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 is amended as follows.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In section 24 (alternative verdicts)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in subsection (A2)—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>omit the “and” at the end of paragraph (c);</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><mod>after paragraph (c) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><level class="para1"><num>(ca)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref> of that Act (use of automated vehicle in dangerous state),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(cb)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref> of that Act (causing death, or serious injury, by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(cc)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5887">22B</ref> of that Act (causing danger to road-users resulting in automated vehicle killing or seriously injuring),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(cd)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref> of that Act (use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(ce)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref> of that Act (causing death, or serious injury, by use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight), and</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>in the table in subsection (1), at the appropriate places insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:50%"/><default:col style="width:50%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>Section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref> (causing death, or serious injury, by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state)</default:td><default:td>Section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref> (use of automated vehicle in dangerous state)</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:50%"/><default:col style="width:50%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>Section <ref href="#d25e5887">22B</ref> (causing danger to road-users resulting in automated vehicle killing or seriously injuring)</default:td><default:td>Section 22A (causing danger to road-users)</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>Section <ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref> (causing death, or serious injury, by use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight)</default:td><default:td>Section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref> (use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight)</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-2-3"><num>(3)</num><content><mod>In the table in Schedule 1 (offences to which sections 1, 6, 11 and 12(1) apply), at the appropriate places insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:30%"/><default:col style="width:40%"/><default:col style="width:30%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref></default:td><default:td>Use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td>Sections 1, 11 and 12(1) of this Act.</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:30%"/><default:col style="width:40%"/><default:col style="width:30%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref><ref href="#d25e5817">(1)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing death by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td>Section 11 of this Act.</default:td></default:tr><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref><ref href="#d25e5838">(2)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing serious injury by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state.</default:td><default:td>Sections 11 and 12(1) of this Act.</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:30%"/><default:col style="width:40%"/><default:col style="width:30%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref></default:td><default:td>Use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td>Sections 1, 11 and 12(1) of this Act.</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod><mod><quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="default"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:colgroup><default:col style="width:30%"/><default:col style="width:40%"/><default:col style="width:30%"/></default:colgroup><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref><ref href="#d25e5551">(1)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing death by use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td>Section 11 of this Act.</default:td></default:tr><default:tr><default:td>RTA section <ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref><ref href="#d25e5575">(2)</ref></default:td><default:td>Causing serious injury by use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight.</default:td><default:td>Sections 11 and 12(1) of this Act.</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure></mod></content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e12985"><heading>Crime (International Co-operation) Act <ref eId="c00025" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2003/32">2003 (c. 32)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3-1"><num>(1)</num><content>Schedule 3 to the Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003 (offences in respect of which notice of driving disqualification must be given to Republic of Ireland) is amended as follows.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3-2"><num>(2)</num><content><mod>In paragraph 3, after sub-paragraph (d) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="double"><level class="para1"><num>(da)</num><content>section <ref href="#d25e5773">3C</ref> (use of automated vehicle in dangerous state),</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(db)</num><content>section <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref> (causing death, or serious injury, by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state),</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-3-3"><num>(3)</num><content><mod>After paragraph 4 insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="double"><paragraph class="schProv1"><num>4A</num><content>An offence under section <ref href="#d25e5410">34B</ref> or <ref href="#d25e5547">34C</ref> of the Road Traffic Act 1988 (use of road vehicle without a driver or licensed oversight, or causing death or serious injury by such use).</content></paragraph></quotedStructure></mod></content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13047"><heading>Armed Forces Act <ref eId="c00026" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2006/52">2006 (c. 52)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-3-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><intro>In paragraph 12(aj) of Schedule 2 to the Armed Forces Act 2006 (road traffic offences in respect of which service police must be notified of possible corresponding service offence)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><mod>for “or 22A” substitute <quotedText>“, <ref href="#d25e5813">3D</ref>, 22A or <ref href="#d25e5887">22B</ref>”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>after “drugs,” insert <quotedText>“causing death, or serious injury, by use of automated vehicle in dangerous state,”</quotedText>;</mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-3-paragraph-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content><mod>after “road-users” insert <quotedText>“, causing danger to road-users resulting in death or serious injury”</quotedText>.</mod></content></level></paragraph></hcontainer></hcontainer><hcontainer name="schedule" eId="schedule-4"><num>Schedule 4<authorialNote class="referenceNote">Section 66(6)</authorialNote></num><heading>Amendments related to section <ref href="#section-66">66</ref><ref href="#section-66-3">(3)</ref></heading><paragraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 is amended as follows.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-1-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>In Schedule 1 (offences to which sections 1, 6, 11 and 12(1) of that Act apply)—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-4-paragraph-1-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>in paragraph 1A(b), omit the final “, and”;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-4-paragraph-1-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content><mod>in paragraph 1A(c), at the end insert <quotedText startQuote="“">, and</quotedText><quotedStructure endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="default"><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#section-66">66</ref><ref href="#section-66-3">(3)</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024, where the offence consists of a failure of a person driving or propelling a vehicle to comply with a direction under section <ref href="#section-65">65</ref><ref href="#section-65-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-65-1-a">(a)</ref> of that Act.</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-4-paragraph-1-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content><mod>before paragraph 3(c) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="double"><level class="para1"><num>(bc)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#section-66">66</ref><ref href="#section-66-3">(3)</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024, where the offence consists of a failure of a person driving or propelling a vehicle to comply with a direction under section <ref href="#section-65">65</ref><ref href="#section-65-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-65-1-a">(a)</ref> of that Act, and</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-4-paragraph-1-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content><mod>before paragraph 4(b) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="double"><level class="para1"><num>(ab)</num><content>an offence under section <ref href="#section-66">66</ref><ref href="#section-66-3">(3)</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024, where the offence consists of a failure of a person driving or propelling a vehicle to comply with a direction under section <ref href="#section-65">65</ref><ref href="#section-65-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-65-1-a">(a)</ref> of that Act, and</content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-4-paragraph-1-3"><num>(3)</num><content><mod>In Part 2 of Schedule 2 (penalties for road traffic offences) at the end insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="double"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td>An offence under section <ref href="#section-66">66</ref><ref href="#section-66-3">(3)</ref> of the Automated Vehicles Act 2024, where the offence consists of a failure of a person driving or propelling a vehicle to comply with a direction under section <ref href="#section-65">65</ref><ref href="#section-65-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#section-65-1-a">(a)</ref> of that Act.</default:td><default:td>Discretionary.</default:td><default:td>Obligatory.</default:td><default:td>3</default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="schedule" eId="schedule-5"><num>Schedule 5<authorialNote class="referenceNote">Section 81(4)</authorialNote></num><heading>Enforcement of marketing restrictions</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13253"><heading>Duty to enforce</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content>It is the duty of the Secretary of State to enforce sections <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> and <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.(See Part 3 of Schedule 5 to the Consumer Rights Act 2015 for investigatory powers in connection with that duty.)</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-1-2"><num>(2)</num><content>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-1-1">(1)</ref> does not authorise the Secretary of State to bring criminal proceedings in Scotland.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13285"><heading>Application of consumer enforcement powers</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><content><mod>In paragraph 10 of Schedule 5 to the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (enforcement responsibilities attracting investigatory powers under that Schedule), at the appropriate place insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="“" endQuote="”" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="double"><blockList class="unordered none" ukl:Name="UnorderedList" ukl:Decoration="none"><item>paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-1">1</ref> of <ref href="#schedule-5">Schedule 5</ref> to the Automated Vehicles Act 2024;</item></blockList></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></content></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13309"><heading>Out-of-court undertakings</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This paragraph applies if the Secretary of State considers that a person has committed, or is likely to commit, an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may accept an undertaking from the person as to the person’s future activity, if the Secretary of State considers that compliance with the undertaking would tend to avoid the commission by the person of an offence (or further offence) under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-3-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The Secretary of State must publish details of any undertaking accepted under this paragraph.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13347"><heading>Civil injunctions</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-1"><num>(1)</num><content>This paragraph applies if the Secretary of State considers that a person has committed, or is likely to commit, an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>The Secretary of State may bring proceedings for an injunction (and in those proceedings may apply for an interim injunction) against any person appearing to the Secretary of State to be concerned, or likely to be concerned, with the offence.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-3"><num>(3)</num><content>In proceedings under this paragraph, the court may grant an injunction (or interim injunction) on such terms as it thinks fit to secure against offending under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Before granting an injunction, the court must have regard to all the interests involved and, in particular, the public interest.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>The power in sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-4-6">(6)</ref> is exercisable if the court—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>finds that a person against whom proceedings under this section are brought has committed an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>grants an injunction (other than an interim injunction) against the person,</content></level><wrapUp>and is so exercisable for the purpose of eliminating any continuing effect of the communication that gave rise to the offence.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The court may require the person to publish, in such form and manner and to such extent as the court thinks appropriate—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the injunction, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a corrective statement.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The court may grant an injunction under this paragraph even where there is no evidence of proof of actual loss or damage or of intention or negligence on the part of the person against whom the proceedings are brought.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>The Secretary of State must publish details of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>any proceedings brought under this paragraph, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>any order made, or undertaking accepted, by the court in the course of those proceedings.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-4-9"><num>(9)</num><intro>In this paragraph—</intro><hcontainer name="definition"><intro>“<term refersTo="#term-the-court" eId="term-the-court">the court</term>” means—</intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content>the county court or the High Court, in England and Wales, or</content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content>a sheriff or the Court of Session, in Scotland;</content></level></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content>“<term refersTo="#term-injunction" eId="term-injunction">injunction</term>” is to be read, in the application of this paragraph in Scotland, as “interdict”.</content></hcontainer></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13492"><heading>Time limit for prosecution</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5" class="schProv1"><num>5</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>No proceedings for an offence under section <ref href="#section-78">78</ref> or <ref href="#section-79">79</ref> may be commenced after the earlier of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the end of the period of 3 years beginning with the date of the commission of the offence, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the end of the period of 12 months beginning with the date of the discovery of the offence by the prosecutor.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>For the purposes of sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-5-1">(1)</ref><ref href="#schedule-5-paragraph-5-1-b">(b)</ref>—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a certificate signed by or on behalf of the prosecutor and stating the date on which the offence was discovered by the prosecutor is conclusive evidence of that fact, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-5-paragraph-5-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a certificate stating that matter and purporting to be so signed shall be treated as so signed unless the contrary is proved.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer></hcontainer><hcontainer name="schedule" eId="schedule-6"><num>Schedule 6<authorialNote class="referenceNote">Section 84(3)</authorialNote></num><heading>Civil sanctions for infringing passenger permit scheme</heading><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13556"><heading>Compliance notices</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1" class="schProv1"><num>1</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content>The appropriate national authority may issue a compliance notice to a permit holder if satisfied that the permit holder has committed an infringement of the permit scheme.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A compliance notice is a notice requiring the permit holder to take such actions within <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-1-3">sub-paragraph (3)</ref> as are specified in the notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-3"><num>(3)</num><content>The actions that may be specified are those that the appropriate national authority considers appropriate in order to secure, or make it more likely, that the permit holder does not commit any similar infringement of the permit scheme in future.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-4"><num>(4)</num><content>The actions may be specified by referring (with or without further particulars) to the actions necessary to achieve a result described in the notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A compliance notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the appropriate national authority’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, or period during which, the specified actions must be taken.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-1-6"><num>(6)</num><content>The reference in <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-1-2">sub-paragraph (2)</ref> to taking action includes refraining from taking action; and “actions” in this paragraph is to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13618"><heading>Monetary penalties</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2" class="schProv1"><num>2</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>The appropriate national authority may issue a monetary penalty notice to a permit holder if satisfied that the permit holder has—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>committed an infringement of the permit scheme, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>failed to comply with a compliance notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A monetary penalty notice is a notice requiring the permit holder to pay a monetary penalty, of a sum specified in the notice, to the appropriate national authority.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-3"><num>(3)</num><content>Sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-4">(4)</ref> applies in relation to a monetary penalty notice if it appears to the appropriate national authority that the failure to which the notice relates is or may be a continuing one.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The monetary penalty notice may provide for a sum specified in the notice to be added to the penalty for each day in the period—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>beginning with the day after the day on which the notice is issued, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>ending with—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>the day on which the failure is brought to an end, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-4-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>such earlier day as is specified in the notice.</content></level></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A monetary penalty notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>explain the appropriate national authority’s reasons for issuing the notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the penalty must be paid.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>If a monetary penalty is not paid on time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the penalty (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the appropriate national authority may recover the penalty (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-7"><num>(7)</num><intro>The appropriate national authority must, by regulations, provide for the determination of—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-7-a"><num>(a)</num><content>a maximum sum that may be specified under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-2">(2)</ref>, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-7-b"><num>(b)</num><content>a maximum sum that may be specified under sub-paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-4">(4)</ref>.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-8"><num>(8)</num><intro>Those regulations may determine the sum by reference to the turnover of the permit holder or any entities or undertakings that are connected with the permit holder in a manner specified in the regulations; and if they do so they may also make provision about—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-8-a"><num>(a)</num><content>what counts as “turnover”;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-2-8-b"><num>(b)</num><content>how turnover is to be calculated or assessed.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13767"><heading>Notice of intent</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3" class="schProv1"><num>3</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>Before issuing a compliance notice or monetary penalty notice to a permit holder, the appropriate national authority must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>issue a notice of intent to the permit holder, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>consider any representations made by the permit holder in response to (and in accordance with) that notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>A notice of intent is a notice that—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content>states the appropriate national authority’s intention to issue the compliance notice or monetary penalty notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content>sets out the terms of that intended notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content>explains the appropriate national authority’s reasons for intending to issue that notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>specifies the time by which, and manner in which, representations may be made.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>A notice of intent may also—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>state the appropriate national authority’s intention to issue a costs notice in connection with the principal notice, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-3-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>give a general indication of the nature of the costs that the appropriate national authority is likely to seek to recover by way of the costs notice.</content></level></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13841"><heading>Costs</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4" class="schProv1"><num>4</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-1"><num>(1)</num><intro>If—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority issues a compliance notice or monetary penalty notice (“the principal notice”) to a permit holder, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the notice of intent that preceded the principal notice included the contents set out in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-3">3</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-3-3">(3)</ref>,</content></level><wrapUp>the appropriate national authority may also issue a costs notice to the permit holder.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-2"><num>(2)</num><content>A costs notice is a notice requiring the permit holder to pay a sum specified in the notice to the appropriate national authority.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-3"><num>(3)</num><content>That sum must be no greater than the total of the costs reasonably incurred by the appropriate national authority in connection with the principal notice.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-4"><num>(4)</num><intro>The costs that may be taken into account for that purpose include—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content>costs of investigating the matters to which the principal notice relates,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content>administrative costs, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content>costs of obtaining expert advice (including legal advice).</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-5"><num>(5)</num><intro>A costs notice must—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>particularise the costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>explain (if it is not otherwise apparent) how those costs have been calculated, and</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content>specify the time by which, and manner in which, the sum must be paid.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>If a sum payable under a costs notice is not paid in time—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the sum (or the unpaid part of it) carries interest at the rate for the time being specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838;</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>the appropriate national authority may recover the sum (or the unpaid part of it), with the interest, as a civil debt.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-4-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The cancellation of a compliance notice or monetary penalty notice has the effect of cancelling any costs notice issued in connection with it.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13958"><heading>Cancellation and variation</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-5" class="schProv1"><num>5</num><intro>Where the appropriate national authority has issued a compliance notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice to a permit holder, the appropriate national authority may by further notice issued to the permit holder—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>vary it in any way that does not make it more onerous.</content></level></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e13980"><heading>Appeals</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6" class="schProv1"><num>6</num><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-1"><num>(1)</num><content>A person to whom a compliance notice, monetary penalty notice or costs notice is issued may appeal to the Tribunal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2"><num>(2)</num><intro>The grounds on which an appeal may be brought are—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-a"><num>(a)</num><intro>in the case of a compliance notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the infringement of the permit scheme on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the actions specified in the notice, or the time or period specified for taking them, are unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro>in the case of a monetary penalty notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that the infringement of the permit scheme, or failure of compliance, on the grounds of which the notice was issued did not occur, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the sum specified in the notice, or the time or manner specified for paying it, is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-c"><num>(c)</num><intro>in the case of a costs notice—</intro><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-c-i"><num>(i)</num><content>that costs relied on in arriving at the sum specified in the notice were not reasonably incurred as described in paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-4">4</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-4-3">(3)</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para2" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-c-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content>that the time or manner specified for payment is unreasonable;</content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content>that the appropriate national authority failed to comply with <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-3">paragraph 3</ref>, or made some other procedural error, in respect of the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-3"><num>(3)</num><intro>If satisfied that any of the grounds is made out, the Tribunal must allow the appeal and do whichever of the following it considers appropriate—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content>cancel the notice,</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content>remit the matter to the appropriate national authority with a direction that the appropriate national authority consider, in accordance with the findings of the Tribunal and by such time as the Tribunal specifies, whether to cancel or vary the notice under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-5">paragraph 5</ref>, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content>if the appeal is allowed on the ground in <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2">sub-paragraph (2)</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b">(b)</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-b-ii">(ii)</ref> or <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2-c">(c)</ref>, vary the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-4"><num>(4)</num><content>Otherwise, the Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-5"><num>(5)</num><intro><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-6">Sub-paragraph (6)</ref> applies if a direction is made under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3">sub-paragraph (3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-b">(b)</ref> and—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content>the appropriate national authority varies the notice further to the direction, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content>by the specified time, the appropriate national authority has neither varied nor cancelled the notice.</content></level></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-6"><num>(6)</num><intro>The person who appealed against the notice may on application re-open the appeal—</intro><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content>on any of the original grounds further to which the direction under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3">sub-paragraph (3)</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3-b">(b)</ref> was made, or</content></level><level class="para1" eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content>in the case of a variation, on any further ground within <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-2">sub-paragraph (2)</ref> that arises from the variation;</content></level><wrapUp>and <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-3">sub-paragraphs (3)</ref> and <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-4">(4)</ref> apply again in relation to the grounds on which the appeal is re-opened.</wrapUp></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-7"><num>(7)</num><content>The Tribunal (or any court on a further appeal) may make an interim order suspending the effect of a notice appealed against under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6">this paragraph</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-8"><num>(8)</num><content>If a monetary penalty notice includes provision under paragraph <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2">2</ref><ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-2-4">(4)</ref>, either the appropriate national authority or the person to whom the notice is issued may apply to the Tribunal for a determination of whether an additional sum has become payable under that provision in respect of a particular day.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-9"><num>(9)</num><content>In <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6">this paragraph</ref>, “<term refersTo="#term-the-tribunal" eId="term-the-tribunal">the Tribunal</term>” means the First-tier Tribunal, subject to <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6-10">sub-paragraph (10)</ref>.</content></subparagraph><subparagraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-6-10"><num>(10)</num><content>Tribunal Procedure Rules may provide for an appeal under <ref href="#schedule-6-paragraph-6">this paragraph</ref> to be made to the Upper Tribunal instead of the First-tier Tribunal; and if that is done references to “the Tribunal” are to be read accordingly.</content></subparagraph></paragraph></hcontainer><hcontainer name="crossheading" class="schGroup7" eId="d25e14214"><heading>Enforcement action in respect of multiple occurrences</heading><paragraph eId="schedule-6-paragraph-7" class="schProv1"><num>7</num><content>A single notice issued under this Schedule may relate to more than one occurrence by virtue of which the power to issue the notice arises (or is said to arise).</content></paragraph></hcontainer></hcontainer></hcontainer>