Arbitration Act 2025

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<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="crossheading-applicable-law"><heading>Applicable law</heading><section eId="section-1"><num>1</num><heading>Law applicable to arbitration agreement</heading><subsection eId="section-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>The <ref eId="c00001" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> is amended as follows.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p><mod>After <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/6">section 6</a> insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><section eId="d25e113"><num>6A</num><heading>Law applicable to arbitration agreement</heading><subsection><num>(1)</num><intro><p>The law applicable to an arbitration agreement is—</p></intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content><p>the law that the parties expressly agree applies to the arbitration agreement, or</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content><p>where no such agreement is made, the law of the seat of the arbitration in question.</p></content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(2)</num><content><p>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#section-1-1">(1)</ref>, agreement between the parties that a particular law applies to an agreement of which the arbitration agreement forms a part does not constitute express agreement that that law also applies to the arbitration agreement.</p></content></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><intro><p>Subsection <ref href="#section-1-1">(1) </ref>does not apply to an arbitration agreement derived from a standing offer to submit disputes to arbitration where the offer is contained in—</p></intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content><p>a treaty, or</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content><p>legislation of a country or territory outside the United Kingdom.</p></content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(4)</num><intro><p>In this section—</p></intro><hcontainer name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-legislation">legislation</term>” includes any provision of a legislative character;</p></content></hcontainer><hcontainer name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-treaty">treaty</term>” includes any international agreement (and any protocol or annex to a treaty or international agreement).</p></content></hcontainer></subsection></section></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-3"><num>(3)</num><content><p><mod>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/2">section 2</a> (scope of application of provisions), in <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/2">subsection (2)</a> after the opening words insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><level class="para1"><num>(za)</num><content><p>section <ref href="#d25e113">6A</ref> (law applicable to arbitration agreement),</p></content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></p></content></subsection></section></hcontainer>
<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="crossheading-the-arbitral-tribunal"><heading>The arbitral tribunal</heading><section eId="section-2"><num>2</num><heading>Impartiality: duty of disclosure</heading><subsection eId="section-2-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>The <ref eId="c00002" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> is amended as follows.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p><mod>After <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/23">section 23</a> insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><section eId="d25e244"><num>23A</num><heading>Impartiality: duty of disclosure</heading><subsection><num>(1)</num><content><p>An individual who has been approached by a person in connection with the individual’s possible appointment as an arbitrator must, as soon as reasonably practical, disclose to the person any relevant circumstances of which the individual is, or becomes, aware.</p></content></subsection><subsection><num>(2)</num><content><p>An arbitrator must, as soon as reasonably practical, disclose to the parties to the arbitral proceedings any relevant circumstances of which the arbitrator is, or becomes, aware.</p></content></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><intro><p>For the purposes of this section—</p></intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-relevant-circumstances">relevant circumstances</term>”, in relation to an individual, are circumstances that might reasonably give rise to justifiable doubts as to the individual’s impartiality in relation to the proceedings, or potential proceedings, concerned, and</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content><p>an individual is to be treated as being aware of circumstances of which the individual ought reasonably to be aware.</p></content></level></subsection></section></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-3"><num>(3)</num><content><p><mod>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/schedule/1">Schedule 1</a> (mandatory provisions), after the entry for <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/13">section 13</a>, insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="schedule" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="schedule" ukl:Format="double"><blockList class="unordered none" ukl:Name="UnorderedList" ukl:Decoration="none"><item><p>section <ref href="#d25e244">23A</ref> (impartiality: duty of disclosure);</p></item></blockList></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></p></content></subsection></section><section eId="section-3"><num>3</num><heading>Immunity of arbitrator: application for removal</heading><subsection eId="section-3-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>The <ref eId="c00003" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> is amended as follows.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-3-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p><mod>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/24">section 24</a> (power of court to remove arbitrator), after <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/24">subsection (5)</a> insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection eId="d25e335"><num>(5A)</num><content><p>The court may not order the arbitrator to pay costs in proceedings under this section unless any act or omission of the arbitrator in connection with the proceedings is shown to have been in bad faith.</p></content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-3-3"><num>(3)</num><content><p><mod>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/29">section 29</a><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/29">(1)</a> (general immunity of arbitrator), at the end insert <quotedText>“(and see section 24<ref href="#d25e335">(5A)</ref> (immunity in respect of costs of proceedings for removal))”</quotedText>.</mod></p></content></subsection></section><section eId="section-4"><num>4</num><heading>Immunity of arbitrator: resignation</heading><subsection eId="section-4-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>The <ref eId="c00004" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> is amended as follows.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-4-2"><num>(2)</num><intro><p>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/25">section 25</a> (resignation of arbitrator)—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-4-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>in <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/25">subsection (1)</a>, omit <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/25">paragraph (b)</a> (together with the “and” before it);</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-4-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p><mod>for <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/25">subsections (3)</a> and <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/25">(4)</a> substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection eId="d25e410"><num>(3)</num><content><p>Where an arbitrator resigns, a relevant person may (upon notice to the other relevant persons) apply to the court to make such order as it thinks fit with respect to the arbitrator’s entitlement (if any) to fees or expenses or the repayment of any fees or expenses already paid.</p></content></subsection><subsection><num>(4)</num><content><p>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#d25e410">(3)</ref>, each of the parties and the arbitrator is a “relevant person”.</p></content></subsection></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-4-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p><mod>in the heading, at the end insert <quotedText>“: entitlement to fees or expenses”</quotedText>.</mod></p></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-4-3"><num>(3)</num><intro><p>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/29">section 29</a> (immunity of arbitrator)—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-4-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>omit <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/29">subsection (3)</a>;</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-4-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p><mod> at the end insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection eId="d25e461"><num>(4)</num><content><p>An arbitrator’s resignation does not give rise to any liability for the arbitrator unless it is shown that the resignation was, in all the circumstances, unreasonable.</p></content></subsection><subsection><num>(5)</num><intro><p>But subsection <ref href="#d25e461">(4)</ref> is subject to—</p></intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content><p>agreement reached between the parties and the arbitrator as mentioned in section 25(1)(a);</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content><p>an order made under section 25(3).</p></content></level></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-4-4"><num>(4)</num><intro><p><mod>In the following provisions, for “25(3)(b)” substitute <quotedText>“25(3)”</quotedText>—</mod></p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-4-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/28">section 28</a><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/28">(4)</a> (joint and several liability of parties to arbitrators for fees and expenses);</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-4-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/64">section 64</a><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/64">(3)</a> (recoverable fees and expenses of arbitrators);</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-4-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/schedule/2/paragraph/3">paragraphs 3</a><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/schedule/2/paragraph/3">(2)</a> and <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/schedule/2/paragraph/10">10</a><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/schedule/2/paragraph/10">(2)</a> of <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/schedule/2">Schedule 2</a> (modifications in relation to judge-arbitrators).</p></content></level></subsection></section></hcontainer>
<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="crossheading-jurisdiction-of-tribunal"><heading>Jurisdiction of tribunal</heading><section eId="section-5"><num>5</num><heading>Court determination of jurisdiction of tribunal</heading><content><p><mod>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/32">section 32</a> of the <ref eId="c00005" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> (determination of preliminary point of jurisdiction), after <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/32">subsection (1)</a> insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(1A)</num><content><p>An application under this section must not be considered to the extent that it is in respect of a question on which the tribunal has already ruled.</p></content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></section><section eId="section-6"><num>6</num><heading>Power to award costs despite no substantive jurisdiction</heading><subsection eId="section-6-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/61">Section 61</a> of the <ref eId="c00006" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> (award of costs) is amended as follows.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-6-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/61">subsection (1)</a>, omit “, subject to any agreement of the parties”.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-6-3"><num>(3)</num><content><p><mod>After <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/61">subsection (1)</a> insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(1A)</num><content><p>It is irrelevant for the purposes of subsection (1) whether the tribunal has ruled, or a court has held, that the tribunal has no substantive jurisdiction or has exceeded its substantive jurisdiction.</p></content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-6-4"><num>(4)</num><content><p>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/61">subsection (2)</a>, omit “Unless the parties otherwise agree,”.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-6-5"><num>(5)</num><content><p><mod>After <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/61">subsection (2)</a> insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(3)</num><content><p>Subsections (1), (1A) and (2) are subject to any agreement of the parties.</p></content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></subsection></section></hcontainer>
<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" xmlns:default="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="crossheading-arbitral-proceedings-and-powers-of-the-court"><heading>Arbitral proceedings and powers of the court</heading><section eId="section-7"><num>7</num><heading>Power to make award on summary basis</heading><content><p><mod>After <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/39">section 39</a> of the <ref eId="c00007" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><section><num>39A</num><heading>Power to make award on summary basis</heading><subsection eId="d25e663"><num>(1)</num><intro><p>Unless the parties otherwise agree, the arbitral tribunal may, on an application made by a party to the proceedings (upon notice to the other parties), make an award on a summary basis in relation to a claim, or a particular issue arising in a claim, if the tribunal considers that—</p></intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content><p>a party has no real prospect of succeeding on the claim or issue, or</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content><p>a party has no real prospect of succeeding in the defence of the claim or issue.</p></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="d25e681"><num>(2)</num><content><p>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#d25e663">(1)</ref>, an arbitral tribunal makes an award “<term refersTo="#term-on-a-summary-basis">on a summary basis</term>” in relation to a claim or issue if the tribunal has exercised its power under section 34(1) (to decide all procedural and evidential matters) with a view to expediting the proceedings on the claim or issue.</p></content></subsection><subsection><num>(3)</num><content><p>Before exercising its power under section 34(1) as mentioned in subsection <ref href="#d25e681">(2)</ref>, an arbitral tribunal must afford the parties a reasonable opportunity to make representations to the tribunal.</p></content></subsection></section></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></section><section eId="section-8"><num>8</num><heading>Emergency arbitrators</heading><subsection eId="section-8-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>The <ref eId="c00008" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> is amended as follows.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p><mod>After <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/41">section 41</a> insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><section eId="d25e733"><num>41A</num><heading>Emergency arbitrators</heading><subsection eId="d25e737"><num>(1)</num><intro><p>This section applies where—</p></intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content><p>the parties have agreed to the application of rules that provide for the appointment of an individual as an emergency arbitrator, and</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content><p>an emergency arbitrator has been appointed pursuant to those rules.</p></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="d25e755"><num>(2)</num><content><p>Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, if without showing sufficient cause a party fails to comply with any order or directions of the emergency arbitrator, the emergency arbitrator may make a peremptory order to the same effect, prescribing such time for compliance with it as the emergency arbitrator considers appropriate.</p></content></subsection></section></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-3"><num>(3)</num><intro><p>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/41">section 41</a><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/41">(7)</a> (peremptory orders of tribunal), in the opening words—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p><mod>after “peremptory order” insert <quotedText>“of the tribunal”</quotedText>;</mod></p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>omit “tribunal’s”.</p></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-4"><num>(4)</num><intro><p>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/42">section 42</a> (enforcement of peremptory orders of tribunal)—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p><mod>in <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/42">subsection (1)</a>, at the end insert <quotedText>“or (as the case may be) the emergency arbitrator”</quotedText>;</mod></p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p><mod>in <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/42">subsection (2)</a><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/42">(a)</a> and <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/42">(b)</a>, after “the tribunal” insert <quotedText>“or the emergency arbitrator”</quotedText>;</mod></p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p><mod>in <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/42">subsection (3)</a>, for “tribunal’s order” substitute <quotedText>“peremptory order”</quotedText>;</mod></p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-d"><num>(d)</num><content><p><mod>in <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/42">subsection (4)</a>, for “tribunal’s order” substitute <quotedText>“peremptory order”</quotedText>;</mod></p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-4-e"><num>(e)</num><content><p><mod>in the heading, at the end insert <quotedText>“or emergency arbitrator”</quotedText>.</mod></p></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-5"><num>(5)</num><intro><p>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/44">section 44</a> (court powers exercisable in support of arbitral proceedings)—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p><mod>for <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/44">subsection (4)</a> substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection eId="d25e877"><num>(4)</num><intro><p>If the case is not one of urgency, the court may act only on the application of a party to the arbitral proceedings made with—</p></intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content><p>the permission of the tribunal or (as the case may be) the emergency arbitrator, or</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content><p>the agreement in writing of the other parties.</p></content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(4A)</num><content><p>An application under subsection <ref href="#d25e877">(4)</ref> may be made only upon notice to the other parties and to the tribunal or the emergency arbitrator.</p></content></subsection></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p><mod>in <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/44">subsection (5)</a>, after “tribunal” insert <quotedText>“or the emergency arbitrator”</quotedText>;</mod></p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-5-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p><mod>in <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/44">subsection (6)</a>, after “tribunal” insert <quotedText>“, the emergency arbitrator”</quotedText>.</mod></p></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-6"><num>(6)</num><intro><p>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/82">section 82</a><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/82">(1)</a> (minor definitions)—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-8-6-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p><mod>after the definition of “dispute” insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><hcontainer name="definition"><content><p>“<term refersTo="#term-emergency-arbitrator">emergency arbitrator</term>” means an individual appointed as mentioned in section <ref href="#d25e733">41A</ref><ref href="#d25e737">(1)</ref>;</p></content></hcontainer></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">;</inline></mod></p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-8-6-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p><mod>in the definition of “peremptory order”, after “section 41(5)” insert <quotedText>“or <ref href="#d25e733">41A</ref><ref href="#d25e755">(2)</ref>,”</quotedText>.</mod></p></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-8-7"><num>(7)</num><content><p><mod>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/83">section 83</a> (index of defined expressions), after the entry for “dispute” insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><tblock class="table" ukl:Orientation="portrait"><foreign><default:table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><default:tbody><default:tr><default:td><p xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0">emergency arbitrator</p></default:td><default:td><p xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0">section 82(1) (and see section <ref href="#d25e733">41A</ref><ref href="#d25e737">(1)</ref>) </p></default:td></default:tr></default:tbody></default:table></foreign></tblock></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></p></content></subsection></section><section eId="section-9"><num>9</num><heading>Court powers exercisable in support of arbitral proceedings in respect of third parties</heading><subsection eId="section-9-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/44">Section 44</a> of the <ref eId="c00009" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> (court powers exercisable in support of arbitral proceedings) is amended as follows.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p><mod>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/44">subsection (1)</a>, after “making orders” insert <quotedText>“(whether in relation to a party or any other person)”</quotedText>.</mod></p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-9-3"><num>(3)</num><content><p><mod>For <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/44">subsection (7)</a> substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(6A)</num><content><p>Subject to subsection <ref href="#d25e1053">(7)</ref>, an appeal lies from a decision of the court under this section.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="d25e1053"><num>(7)</num><content><p>The leave of the court is required for any such appeal by a party or proposed party to the arbitral proceedings.</p></content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></subsection></section></hcontainer>
<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="crossheading-powers-of-the-court-in-relation-to-award"><heading>Powers of the court in relation to award</heading><section eId="section-10"><num>10</num><heading>Challenging the award: remedies available to the court</heading><subsection eId="section-10-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/67">Section 67</a> of the <ref eId="c00010" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> (challenging the award: substantive jurisdiction) is amended as follows.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-10-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p><mod>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/67">subsection (1)</a>, for <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/67">paragraph (b)</a> substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content><p>challenging an award made by the tribunal on the merits because the tribunal did not have substantive jurisdiction.</p></content></level></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-10-3"><num>(3)</num><content><p><mod>For <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/67">subsection (3)</a> substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(3)</num><intro><p>On an application under this section, the court may by order—</p></intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content><p>confirm the award,</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content><p>vary the award,</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content><p>remit the award to the tribunal, in whole or in part, for reconsideration,</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content><p>set aside the award, in whole or in part, or</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(e)</num><content><p>declare the award to be of no effect, in whole or in part.</p></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="d25e1147"><num>(3A)</num><content><p>The court must not exercise its power to set aside or to declare an award to be of no effect, in whole or in part, unless it is satisfied that it would be inappropriate to remit the matters in question to the tribunal for reconsideration.</p></content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></subsection></section><section eId="section-11"><num>11</num><heading>Procedure on challenge under <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/67">section 67</a> of the <ref eId="c00011" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref></heading><content><p><mod>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/67">section 67</a> of the <ref eId="c00012" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> (challenging the award: substantive jurisdiction), after subsection <ref href="#d25e1147">(3A)</ref> (as inserted by section <ref href="#section-10">10</ref><ref href="#section-10-3">(3)</ref>) insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(3B)</num><intro><p>Rules of court about the procedure to be followed on an application under this section may, in particular, include provision within subsection <ref href="#d25e1205">(3C)</ref> in relation to a case where the application—</p></intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content><p>relates to an objection as to the arbitral tribunal’s substantive jurisdiction on which the tribunal has already ruled, and</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content><p>is made by a party that took part in the arbitral proceedings.</p></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="d25e1205"><num>(3C)</num><intro><p>Provision is within this subsection if it provides that subject to the court ruling otherwise in the interests of justice—</p></intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content><p>a ground for the objection that was not raised before the arbitral tribunal must not be raised before the court unless the applicant shows that, at the time the applicant took part in the proceedings, the applicant did not know and could not with reasonable diligence have discovered the ground;</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content><p>evidence that was not put before the tribunal must not be considered by the court unless the applicant shows that, at the time the applicant took part in the proceedings, the applicant could not with reasonable diligence have put the evidence before the tribunal;</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content><p>evidence that was heard by the tribunal must not be re-heard by the court.</p></content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(3D)</num><content><p>Subsection (3B) does not limit the generality of the power to make rules of court.</p></content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></section><section eId="section-12"><num>12</num><heading>Challenging the award: time limit</heading><subsection eId="section-12-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/70">Section 70</a> of the <ref eId="c00013" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> (challenge or appeal: supplementary provisions) is amended as follows.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-12-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p><mod>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/70">subsection (3)</a>, for the words from “the date of the award” to the end substitute <quotedText>“the applicable date”</quotedText>.</mod></p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-12-3"><num>(3)</num><content><p><mod>After <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/70">subsection (3)</a> insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection eId="d25e1277"><num>(3A)</num><intro><p>In subsection (3), “<term refersTo="#term-the-applicable-date">the applicable date</term>” means—</p></intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content><p>in a case where there has been any arbitral process of appeal or review, the date when the applicant or appellant was notified of the result of that process;</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content><p>in a case where the tribunal has, under section 57, made a material correction to an award or has made a material additional award, the date of the correction or additional award;</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content><p>in a case where a material application for a correction to an award or for an additional award has been made to the tribunal under section 57 and the tribunal has decided not to grant the application, the date when the applicant or appellant was notified of that decision;</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(d)</num><content><p>in any other case, the date of the award.</p></content></level></subsection><subsection><num>(3B)</num><intro><p>For the purposes of subsection <ref href="#d25e1277">(3A)</ref>—</p></intro><level class="para1"><num>(a)</num><content><p>a correction to an award,</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(b)</num><content><p>an additional award, or</p></content></level><level class="para1"><num>(c)</num><content><p>an application under section 57,</p></content></level><wrapUp><p>is “material” if any matter to which it relates is material to the application or appeal under section 67, 68 or 69.</p></wrapUp></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-12-4"><num>(4)</num><content><p><mod>At the end insert—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><subsection><num>(9)</num><content><p>In this section, a reference to available recourse, or to anything done, under section 57 includes a reference to available recourse, or to anything equivalent done, pursuant to agreement reached between the parties as mentioned in section 57(1).</p></content></subsection></quotedStructure></mod></p></content></subsection></section></hcontainer>
<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="crossheading-appeals-from-high-court-decisions"><heading>Appeals from High Court decisions</heading><section eId="section-13"><num>13</num><heading>Appeals to Court of Appeal from High Court decisions</heading><subsection eId="section-13-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p><mod>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/54/section/18">section 18</a><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/54/section/18">(1)</a> of the <ref eId="c00014" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/54">Senior Courts Act 1981</ref> (restrictions on appeals to Court of Appeal), for paragraph (g) substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><level class="para1"><num>(g)</num><content><p>from a decision of the High Court under <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/part/I">Part 1</a> of the <ref eId="c00015" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> in a case where <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/part/I">that Part</a> makes provision about appeals from the decision, except in accordance with that provision;</p></content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-13-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p><mod>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1978/23/section/35">section 35</a><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1978/23/section/35">(2)</a> of the <ref eId="c00016" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1978/23">Judicature (Northern Ireland) Act 1978</ref> (appeals to Court of Appeal from High Court), for paragraph (fa) substitute—<quotedStructure startQuote="&#x201C;" endQuote="&#x201D;" uk:context="body" uk:docName="ukpga" ukl:TargetClass="primary" ukl:TargetSubClass="unknown" ukl:Context="main" ukl:Format="double"><level class="para1"><num>(fa)</num><content><p>from a decision of the High Court under <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/part/I">Part 1</a> of the <ref eId="c00017" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> in a case where <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/part/I">that Part</a> makes provision about appeals from the decision, except in accordance with that provision;</p></content></level></quotedStructure><inline name="appendText">.</inline></mod></p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-13-3"><num>(3)</num><content><p>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/schedule/3">Schedule 3</a> to the <ref eId="c00018" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> (consequential amendments), omit <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/schedule/3/paragraph/34">paragraphs 34</a><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/schedule/3/paragraph/34">(2)</a> and <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/schedule/3/paragraph/37">37</a><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/schedule/3/paragraph/37">(2)</a>.</p></content></subsection></section></hcontainer>
<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="crossheading-miscellaneous-minor-amendments"><heading>Miscellaneous minor amendments</heading><section eId="section-14"><num>14</num><heading>Requirements to be met for court to consider applications</heading><subsection eId="section-14-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>The <ref eId="c00019" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> is amended as follows.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-14-2"><num>(2)</num><intro><p>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/32">section 32</a> (determination by court of preliminary point of jurisdiction)—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-14-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>in <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/32">subsection (2)</a><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/32">(b)</a>, omit the words from “and the court” to the end;</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-14-2-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>omit <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/32">subsection (3)</a>;</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-14-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p><mod>in <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/32">subsection (5)</a>, for “the conditions specified in subsection (2) are” substitute <quotedText>“either condition specified in subsection (2) is”</quotedText>.</mod></p></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-14-3"><num>(3)</num><intro><p>In <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/45">section 45</a> (determination by court of preliminary point of law)—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-14-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>in <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/45">subsection (2)</a><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/45">(b)</a>, omit the words from “and the court” to the end;</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-14-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>in <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/45">subsection (3)</a>, omit the words from “and, unless” to the end;</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-14-3-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p><mod>in <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/45">subsection (5)</a>, for “the conditions specified in subsection (2) are” substitute <quotedText>“either condition specified in subsection (2) is”</quotedText>.</mod></p></content></level></subsection></section><section eId="section-15"><num>15</num><heading>Repeal of provisions relating to domestic arbitration agreements</heading><intro><p>Omit the following provisions of the <ref eId="c00020" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref>—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-15-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p><span> <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/85">sections 85</a> to <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/87">87</a></span> (domestic arbitration agreements) (which are not in force), together with the italic heading before <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/85">section 85</a>, and</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-15-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/88">section 88</a> (power to repeal or amend sections 85 to 87).</p></content></level></section></hcontainer>
<hcontainer xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" name="crossheading" ukl:Name="Pblock" eId="crossheading-final-provisions"><heading>Final provisions</heading><section eId="section-16"><num>16</num><heading>Extent</heading><subsection eId="section-16-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>Any amendment or repeal made by this Act has the same extent as the provision amended or repealed.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-16-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p><ref href="#section-16">This section</ref> and <ref href="#section-17">sections 17</ref> and <ref href="#section-18">18</ref> extend to England and Wales and to Northern Ireland.</p></content></subsection></section><section eId="section-17"><num>17</num><heading>Commencement and transitional provision</heading><subsection eId="section-17-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p><ref href="#section-17">This section</ref> and <ref href="#section-16">sections 16</ref> and <ref href="#section-18">18</ref> come into force on the day on which this Act is passed.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p>The rest of this Act comes into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by regulations appoint.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-3"><num>(3)</num><content><p>The Secretary of State may by regulations make transitional or saving provision in connection with the coming into force of any provision of this Act.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-4"><num>(4)</num><intro><p>Subject to any transitional or saving provision made under <ref href="#section-17-3">subsection (3)</ref>, an amendment made by <span><ref href="#section-1">sections 1</ref> to <ref href="#section-14">14</ref></span>—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-a"><num>(a)</num><intro><p>does not apply to—</p></intro><level class="para2" eId="section-17-4-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content><p>arbitral proceedings commenced before the day on which the section making the amendment comes into force (“pre-commencement arbitral proceedings”),</p></content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-17-4-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><p>court proceedings (whenever commenced) in connection with pre-commencement arbitral proceedings or an award made in pre-commencement arbitral proceedings, or</p></content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-17-4-a-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content><p>any other court proceedings commenced before the day on which the section making the amendment comes into force;</p></content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-17-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>otherwise applies in relation to an arbitration agreement whenever made.</p></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-5"><num>(5)</num><content><p>A power to make regulations under <ref href="#section-17">this section</ref> includes power to make different provision for different purposes.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-6"><num>(6)</num><content><p>Regulations under <ref href="#section-17">this section</ref> are to be made by statutory instrument.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-17-7"><num>(7)</num><content><p>In <ref href="#section-17">this section</ref> “<term refersTo="#term-arbitration-agreement" eId="term-arbitration-agreement">arbitration agreement</term>” means an arbitration agreement within the meaning of <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/6">section 6</a> of the <ref eId="c00021" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">Arbitration Act 1996</ref> to which <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/part/I">Part 1</a> of <ref eId="c00022" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">that Act</ref> applies (see <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/section/5">section 5</a> of <ref eId="c00023" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23">that Act</ref>).</p></content></subsection></section><section eId="section-18"><num>18</num><heading>Short title</heading><content><p>This Act may be cited as the Arbitration Act 2025.</p></content></section></hcontainer>