Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 14 November 2024.#S. S.A. v C. sp. z o.o.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Apelacyjny w Warszawie.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU – Remedies – Effective judicial protection – Independent and impartial tribunal established by law – National rules governing the random allocation of cases to the judges of a court and the modification of the formations of the court – Provision precluding reliance on the infringements of those rules in appeal proceedings.#Case C-197/23.