Judgment of the Court (Tenth Chamber) of 29 June 2023.#Cabot Plastics Belgium SA v État belge.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour d'appel de Liège.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Value added tax (VAT) – Directive 2006/112/EC – Article 44 – Place of supply of services – Implementing Regulation (EU) No 282/2011 – Article 11(1) – Provision of services – Point of reference for tax purposes – Concept of ‘fixed establishment’ – Suitable structure in terms of human and technical resources – Ability to receive and use the services for the fixed establishment’s own needs – Provision of tolling services and ancillary services – Exclusive contractual undertaking between a company providing services in a Member State and the company receiving those services established in a third State – Legally independent companies.#Case C-232/22.