Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 29 June 2023.#European Commission v Portuguese Republic.#Failure of a Member State to fulfil obligations – Environment – Directive 2008/50/EC – Ambient air quality – Systematic and persistent exceedance of the annual limit value for nitrogen dioxide (ΝΟ2) – Appropriate measures – As short an exceedance period as possible.#Case C-220/22.